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do Socorro Costa M, da Silva ARP, Santos Araújo J, Dos Santos ATL, Fonseca VJA, Gonçalves Alencar G, Moura TF, Gonçalves SA, Filho JMB, Morais-Braga MFB, Andrade-Pinheiro JC, Coutinho HDM. In vitro Evaluation of Fungal Susceptibility and Inhibition of Virulence by Diosgenin. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400444. [PMID: 38670923 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Fungal infections are a public health problem that mainly affects immunosuppressed people, Candida spp. have been responsible for most sources of contamination and invasive fungal infections described around the world. The need arises to find new therapeutic approaches to combat growing infections. Plants and natural products have been considered a valuable source for discovering new molecules with active ingredients. Diosgenin is a sapogenin found in the families of Leguminosae and Dioscoreaceae, it is obtained mainly from the dioscin saponin through the hydrolysis method, it is a phytochemical that has been highlighted in the treatment of various diseases, as well as in combating microbial resistance. The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of fungal strains to diosgenin, as well as verify the association with the reference drug and evaluate the inhibition of the virulence factor through morphological changes in the yeast state to the filamentous form of hyphae and pseudohyphae in strains of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei using the broth microdilution method and microculture technique. Antifungal assays revealed that diosgenin was not able to inhibit the growth of the tested strains. However, it was able to inhibit the fungal dimorphism of the strains evaluated, however further studies are recommended to verify its effectiveness against other virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria do Socorro Costa
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Pereira da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Araújo
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology -, LAMAP, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Talysson Felismino Moura
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sheila Alves Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Laboratory Technology Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline Cosmo Andrade-Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology- LMBM, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology -, LAMAP, Federal University of Cariri, Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil
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Liu J, Liu H, Deng L, Wang T, Li L, Chen Y, Qu L, Zou W. Protective Role of Dioscin against Doxorubicin-Induced Chronic Cardiotoxicity: Insights from Nrf2-GPX4 Axis-Mediated Cardiac Ferroptosis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:422. [PMID: 38672439 PMCID: PMC11047995 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that ferroptosis, an iron-facilitated cell death with excessive lipid peroxidation, is a critical mechanism underlying doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Although dioscin has been reported to improve acute DIC, direct evidence is lacking to clarify the role of dioscin in chronic DIC and its potential mechanism in cardiac ferroptosis. In this study, we used chronic DIC rat models and H9c2 cells to investigate the potential of dioscin to mitigate DIC by inhibiting ferroptosis. Our results suggest that dioscin significantly improves chronic DIC-induced cardiac dysfunction. Meanwhile, it significantly inhibited DOX-induced ferroptosis by reducing Fe2+ and lipid peroxidation accumulation, maintaining mitochondrial integrity, increasing glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and decreasing acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family 4 (ACSL4) expression. Through transcriptomic analysis and subsequent validation, we found that the anti-ferroptotic effects of dioscin are achieved by regulating the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/GPX4 axis and Nrf2 downstream iron metabolism genes. Dioscin further downregulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) and upregulates expression of frataxin (FXN) and ATP-binding cassette B8 (ABCB8) to limit mitochondrial Fe2+ and lipid peroxide accumulation. However, Nrf2 inhibition diminishes the anti-ferroptotic effects of dioscin, leading to decreased GPX4 expression and increased lipid peroxidation. This study is a compelling demonstration that dioscin can effectively reduce DIC by inhibiting ferroptosis, which is dependent on the Nrf2/GPX4 pathway modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Liping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (J.L.); (H.L.); (L.D.); (T.W.); (L.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wenjun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (J.L.); (H.L.); (L.D.); (T.W.); (L.L.); (Y.C.)
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Yu X, Qiu Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Jin Z, Liu X, Pei X. Effects of trigonelline, diosgenin, and Cistanche deserticola polysaccharide on the culture of female germline stem cells in vitro. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38427608 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2319661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Female germline stem cells (FGSCs) are renewable sources of oocytes that play an indispensable role in re-establishing mammal fertility. Here, we have established FGSCs from neonatal mice, which exhibit characteristics of germline stem cells. We show that compared with monomeric trigonelline and diosgenin, macromolecular compounds Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides (CDPs) in Chinese herbal medicine can enhance the ability of FGSCs to differentiate into oocytes at appropriate concentrations while maintaining self-renewal in vitro. In contrast, trigonelline and diosgenin inhibited the expression of germ cell-specific genes while reducing cell proliferation activity. In summary, CDPs could induce the differentiation and self-renewal of FGSCs in vitro. The comparison of the effects of the active components of different types of Chinese medicine will provide a reference for the development of clinical drugs in the future, and help to elucidate the development process of FGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yikai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zehua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinrui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiuying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Gao H, Wang Z, Zhu D, Zhao L, Xiao W. Dioscin: Therapeutic potential for diabetes and complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116051. [PMID: 38154275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder with increasing incidence worldwide, posing a considerable threat to human health because of its complications. Therefore, cost-effective antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects are urgently needed. Dioscin, a naturally occurring compound, helps to reduce the complications of diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, protecting islet β cells, improving insulin resistance, and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Plant-derived dioscin reduces the risk of toxicity and side effects associated with chemically synthesized drugs. It is a promising option for treating diabetes mellitus because of its preventive and therapeutic effects, which may be attributed to a variety of underlying mechanisms. However, data compiled by current studies are preliminary. Information about the molecular mechanism of dioscin remains limited, and no high-quality human experiments and clinical trials for testing its safety and efficacy have been conducted. As a resource for research in this area, this review is expected to provide a systematic framework for the application of dioscin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Gao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Danlin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Gonzalez-Ruiz C, Ortiz-Flores M, Bernal-Hernández J, Mondragon-Lozano R, Palma-Guzman A, Coyoy-Salgado A, Salgado-Ceballos H. Phytochemical Extract from Carica papaya Leaves and Punica granatum Seeds as Therapy Against Cognitive Impairment in a Murine Model. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:450-464. [PMID: 37626269 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03547-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as inter-stage between normal cognitive aging and major neurocognitive disorder (MND). This state of decay is a crucial factor in treatment to prevent the progression to MND. In this study, our group developed a virtual screening process to evaluate 2568 phytochemical compounds against 5 key proteins associated with MCI and MND. As a result, two potential candidates were identified: carpaine, found in Carica papaya leaves, and punicalagin, present in Punica granatum. A model of cognitive impairment (CI) was developed in 10-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats by administering aluminum chloride (AlCl3) at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 30 days. After AlCl3 administration period, one of the groups received carpaine and punicalagin in a phytochemical extract (PE) by oral gavage for 30 days. Novel object recognition test (NOR) was assessed at three different time points (T1 - before CI, T2 - after CI, and T3 - after PE treatment). Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were identified in the hippocampus of rats at the end of the study period. After administration of AlCl3, a reduction in discrimination index vs control rats (CI = 0.012 ± 0.08 vs Control = 0.076 ± 0.03), was observed. After phytochemical extract treatment, a significant increase in discrimination index values was observed in the PE group 0.4643 ± 0.13 vs CI group 0.012 ± 0.08. Additionally, the evaluation of immunohistochemistry showed an increase in GFAP positivity in the hippocampus of the CI groups, while a slight decrease was observed in the PE group. This work addressed a comprehensive methodology that utilized in silico tools to identify phytochemical compounds (carpaine and punicalagin) as potential candidates for affecting key proteins in CI. The phytochemical extract containing carpaine and punicalagin resulted in a trend in the decrease of GFAP expression in the hippocampus and improved recognition memory in rats with CI induced by age and AlCl3 administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Gonzalez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ortiz-Flores
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Bernal-Hernández
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Mondragon-Lozano
- Researchers for Mexico CONAHCyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Alam Palma-Guzman
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Laboratorio de Histología, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Coyoy-Salgado
- Researchers for Mexico CONAHCyT-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Hermelinda Salgado-Ceballos
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Malik H, Usman M, Arif M, Ahmed Z, Ali G, Rauf K, Sewell RDE. Diosgenin normalization of disrupted behavioral and central neurochemical activity after single prolonged stress. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1232088. [PMID: 37663254 PMCID: PMC10468593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1232088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic mental illness triggered by traumatic experiences such as wars, natural disasters, or catastrophes, and it is characterized by anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment. Diosgenin is a steroidal sapogenin with known neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to assess the pharmacological potential of diosgenin in a single prolonged stress (SPS) model of PTSD, plus other behavioral models along with any consequent alterations in brain neurochemistry in male mice. Methodology: SPS was induced by restraining animals for 2 h, followed by 20 min of forced swim, recuperation for 15 min, and finally, exposure to ether to induce anesthesia. The SPS-exposed animals were treated with diosgenin (20, 40, and 60 mg/kg) and compared with the positive controls, fluoxetine or donepezil, then they were observed for any changes in anxiety/depression-like behaviors, and cognitive impairment. After behavioral screening, postmortem serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine, vitamin C, adenosine and its metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine were quantified in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, animal serum was screened for changes in corticosterone levels. Results: The results showed that diosgenin reversed anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and ameliorated cognitive impairment in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, diosgenin restored monoamine and vitamin C levels dose-dependently and modulated adenosine and its metabolites in the brain regions. Diosgenin also reinstated otherwise increased serum corticosterone levels in SPS mice. Conclusion: The findings suggest that diosgenin may be a potential candidate for improving symptoms of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hurmat Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Arif
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rauf
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Robert D. E. Sewell
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Shen W, Shao W, Wang Q, Wang B, Zhao G, Gu A, Jiang Z, Hu H. Dietary diosgenin transcriptionally down-regulated intestinal NPC1L1 expression to prevent cholesterol gallstone formation in mice. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:44. [PMID: 37370162 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol gallstone disease is a common disease. Reducing cholesterol burden is important to prevent/treat gallstone. In this study, we investigated the application of diosgenin (DG) to prevent the formation of gallstone in mice. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed with the lithogenic diet (LD) only or LD supplemented with DG or ezetimibe for 8 weeks. Incidences of gallstone formation were documented. Intestine and liver tissues were collected to measure the lipid contents and expression of genes in cholesterol metabolism. Caco2 cells were treated with DG to monitor the regulation on cholesterol absorption and the transcriptional regulation of Npc1l1 gene. Changes of gut microbiota by DG was analyzed. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS on mice was performed to verify its effects on STAT3 activation and Npc1l1 expression in the small intestine. RESULTS LD led to 100% formation of gallstones in mice. In comparison, dietary DG or ezetimibe supplementary completely prevents gallstones formation. DG inhibited intestinal cholesterol absorption in mice as well as in Caco2 cells by down-regulation of Npc1l1 expression. DG could directly inhibit phosphorylation of STAT3 and its transcriptional regulation of Npc1l1 expression. Furthermore, DG could modulate gut microbiota profiles and LPS mediated STAT3 activation and Npc1l1 expression. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that dietary DG could inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption through decreasing NPC1L1 expression to prevent cholesterol gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Shen
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Shao
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qihan Wang
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhaoyan Jiang
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hai Hu
- Center of Gallstone Disease, Shanghai East Hospital, and Institution of Gallstone Disease, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Wang W, Hou L, Li S, Li J. The Functional Characterization of DzCYP72A12-4 Related to Diosgenin Biosynthesis and Drought Adaptability in Dioscorea zingiberensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098430. [PMID: 37176134 PMCID: PMC10179397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a perennial herb famous for the production of diosgenin, which is a valuable initial material for the industrial synthesis of steroid drugs. Sterol C26-hydroxylases, such as TfCYP72A616 and PpCYP72A613, play an important role in the diosgenin biosynthesis pathway. In the present study, a novel gene, DzCYP72A12-4, was identified as C26-hydroxylase and was found to be involved in diosgenin biosynthesis, for the first time in D. zingiberensis, using comprehensive methods. Then, the diosgenin heterogenous biosynthesis pathway starting from cholesterol was created in stable transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) harboring DzCYP90B71(QPZ88854), DzCYP90G6(QPZ88855) and DzCYP72A12-4. Meanwhile, diosgenin was detected in the transgenic tobacco using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system (Vanquish UPLC 689, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) tandem MS (Q Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). Further RT-qPCR analysis showed that DzCYP72A12-4 was highly expressed in both rhizomes and leaves and was upregulated under 15% polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment, indicating that DzCYP72A12-4 may be related to drought resistance. In addition, the germination rate of the diosgenin-producing tobacco seeds was higher than that of the negative controls under 15% PEG pressure. In addition, the concentration of malonaldehyde (MDA) was lower in the diosgenin-producing tobacco seedlings than those of the control, indicating higher drought adaptability. The results of this study provide valuable information for further research on diosgenin biosynthesis in D. zingiberensis and its functions related to drought adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lixiu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Khushboo M, Sanjeev S, Murthy MK, Sunitadevi M, Dinata R, Bhanushree B, Bidanchi RM, Nisa N, Lalrinzuali S, Manikandan B, Saeed AL, Abinash G, Pori B, Arati C, Roy VK, Gurusubramanian G. Dietary phytoestrogen diosgenin interrupts metabolism, physiology, and reproduction of Swiss albino mice: Possible mode of action as an emerging environmental contaminant, endocrine disruptor and reproductive toxicant. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113798. [PMID: 37146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are the main source of environmental contamination due to their estrogen-mimicking and endocrine-disrupting effects, posing a threat to microbial, soil, plant, and animal health. Diosgenin, a phytosteroid saponin, is used in many traditional medicines, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapies against numerous diseases and disorders. It is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with diosgenin, as well as its potential to cause reproductive and endocrine toxicity. Due to the lack of research on the safety and probable adverse side effects of diosgenin, this work evaluated the endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxicity of diosgenin in albino mice by following acute toxicity (OECD-423), repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity (OECD-468), and F1 extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (OECD-443) studies. Diosgenin was found to be slightly toxic, with LD50 for male and female mice being 546.26 and 538.72 mg/kg, respectively. Chronic exposure of diosgenin (10, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) generated oxidative stress, depleted antioxidant enzymes, disturbed homeostasis of the reproductive hormones, and interrupted steroidogenesis, germ cell apoptosis, gametogenesis, sperm quality, estrous cycle, and reproductive performance in the F0 and F1 offspring. Long-term oral exposure of diosgenin to the mice disturbed the endocrine and reproductive functions and generated transgenerational reproductive toxic effects in F0 and F1 offspring. These results suggest that diosgenin should be used carefully in food products and medical applications due to its potential endocrine-disrupting and reproductive toxic effects. The findings of this study provide a better understanding of the potential adverse effects of diosgenin and the need for appropriate risk assessment and management of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurya Khushboo
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sanasam Sanjeev
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Maibam Sunitadevi
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Baishya Bhanushree
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | | | - Nisekhoto Nisa
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Sailo Lalrinzuali
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Bose Manikandan
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Ahmed-Laskar Saeed
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Giri Abinash
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Buragohain Pori
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Chettri Arati
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
| | - Vikas Kumar Roy
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, Mizoram, India.
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Li Y, Ji S, Xu T, Zhong Y, Xu M, Liu Y, Li M, Fan B, Wang F, Xiao J, Lu B. Chinese yam (Dioscorea): Nutritional value, beneficial effects, and food and pharmaceutical applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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11
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A Study on the Chemistry and Biological Activity of 26-Sulfur Analogs of Diosgenin: Synthesis of 26-Thiodiosgenin S-Mono- and Dioxides, and Their Alkyl Derivatives. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010189. [PMID: 36615383 PMCID: PMC9822051 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A chemoselective procedure for MCPBA oxidation of 26-thiodiosgenin to corresponding sulfoxides and sulfone was elaborated. An unusual equilibration of sulfoxides in solution was observed. Moreover, α-alkylation of sulfoxide and sulfone was investigated. Finally, the biological activity of obtained compounds was examined.
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12
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The Effect of the Tongyang Huoxue Recipe (TYHX) on the I to/ I Kur in Ischemia/Reperfusion Sinoatrial Node Cells. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:4114817. [PMID: 36605374 PMCID: PMC9794430 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The transient outward potassium current (I to) and the ultrarapid delayed rectifier potassium current (I Kur) are major potassium currents involved in the repolarization process of sinoatrial node cells (SNCs). Methods and Results The SNCs of neonatal rats were divided into control, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), I/R+blank serum, and Tongyang Huoxue recipe (TYHX) serum groups. I to and I Kur were recorded using the whole cell patch-clamp technique, and the current-voltage (I-V), steady-state activation (SSA), steady-state inactivation (SSI), and recovery from inactivation (RFI) curves were plotted, respectively. Compared to the control group, both the peak current density and the current density at the voltage of I to and I Kur decreased obviously in SNCs after simulated I/R, the SSA curves moved right, and the SSI curves moved left. After TYHX was added to the extracellular solution of SNCs, both the peak current density and the current density at the voltage of I to and I Kur increased significantly, the SSA curves moved left, and the SSI curves moved right with a significant difference of V 1/2. The recovery from the I Kur RFI curves was slightly restored, and the I to curves did not change. Conclusions TYHX increases the peak current density, accelerates the activation, and decreases the inactivation of the I to and I Kur. This may be the mechanism of TYHX in shortening the action potential duration of repolarization, which accelerates spontaneous pulsation.
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13
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Arya P, Kumar P. Diosgenin: An ingress towards solving puzzle for diabetes treatment. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14390. [PMID: 36106684 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The consumption and composition of food in daily life predict our health in long run. The relation of diabetes to sweets is quite popular. Diabetes hampers the glucose and insulin regulation in the human body by damaging pancreatic β cells. Diabetes has a strong potential towards altering cellular mechanisms of organs causing unlawful performance. Diabetes alters pathways like TLR4, AChE, NF-ĸB, LPL, and PPAR at different sites that affect the normal cellular machinery and cause damage to the local tissue and organ. The long-lasting effect of diabetes was observed in vascular, cardia, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, and renal systems. The increasing awareness of diabetes and its concern has awakened the common people more enthusiastically. Due to rising harm from diabetes, scientific researchers tend to have more eyes toward it. While searching for diabetes solutions, fenugreek diosgenin could pop up with some positive effects in curing the same. Diosgenin helps to lower the scathe of diabetes by modifying cellular pathways in favor of healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin altered the pathways for renewal of pancreatic β cells for better insulin secretion, initiate GLUT4, enhanced DHEA, modify ER-α-mediated PI3K/Akt pathways. Diosgenin can be an appropriate insult for diabetes in a much evolving way for a healthy lifestyle. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes is one of the most death causing diseases in the medical world. Regrettably the cure of diabetes is yet to be found. Various scientific team working on the same to look after the most appropriate way for diabetes treatment. There is enormous growth of nutraceutical in the market claiming for cure of different metabolic disorders. Among various bioactive compound fenugreek's diosgenin could took a leap over other in curing and preventing the damage caused by diabetes to different organs. The role of diosgenin in curing various metabolic disorders is quite popular from some time. This article also emphasizes over beneficiary effect of diosgenin in curing the damages caused by diabetes by altering cellular metabolism processes. Hence diosgenin could be a better way for researchers to develop a method for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajya Arya
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
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14
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Li Y, Liu X, Liu H, Zhu L. Interfacial adsorption behavior and interaction mechanism in saponin–protein composite systems: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Molecular Mechanistic Pathways Targeted by Natural Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196221. [PMID: 36234757 PMCID: PMC9571643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, and its prevalence is still growing rapidly. However, the efficient therapies for this kidney disease are still limited. The pathogenesis of DKD involves glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis. Glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity can cause oxidative stress, which can lead to inflammation and aggravate renal fibrosis. In this review, we have focused on in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the mechanistic pathways by which natural compounds exert their effects against the progression of DKD. The accumulated and collected data revealed that some natural compounds could regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, renal fibrosis, and activate autophagy, thereby protecting the kidney. The main pathways targeted by these reviewed compounds include the Nrf2 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, NLRP3 inflammasome, autophagy, glycolipid metabolism and ER stress. This review presented an updated overview of the potential benefits of these natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of DKD progression, aimed to provide new potential therapeutic lead compounds and references for the innovative drug development and clinical treatment of DKD.
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16
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Qu PR, Jiang ZL, Song PP, Liu LC, Xiang M, Wang J. Saponins and their derivatives: Potential candidates to alleviate anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and multidrug resistance. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106352. [PMID: 35835369 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Anthracyclines (ANTs) continue to play an irreplaceable role in oncology treatment. However, the clinical application of ANTs has been limited. In the first place, ANTs can cause dose-dependent cardiotoxicity such as arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure. In the second place, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) leads to their chemotherapeutic failure. Oncology cardiologists are urgently searching for agents that can both protect the heart and reverse MDR without compromising the antitumor effects of ANTs. Based on in vivo and in vitro data, we found that natural compounds, including saponins, may be active agents for other both natural and chemical compounds in the inhibition of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) and the reversal of MDR. In this review, we summarize the work of previous researchers, describe the mechanisms of AIC and MDR, and focus on revealing the pharmacological effects and potential molecular targets of saponins and their derivatives in the inhibition of AIC and the reversal of MDR, aiming to encourage future research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rong Qu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ping-Ping Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Lan-Chun Liu
- Beijing University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mi Xiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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17
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Wang D, Wang X. Diosgenin and Its Analogs: Potential Protective Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2305-2323. [PMID: 35875677 PMCID: PMC9304635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s368836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall associated with lipid metabolism imbalance and maladaptive immune response, which mediates most cardiovascular events. First-line drugs such as statins and antiplatelet drug aspirin have shown good effects against atherosclerosis but may lead to certain side effects. Thus, the development of new, safer, and less toxic agents for atherosclerosis is urgently needed. Diosgenin and its analogs have gained importance for their efficacy against life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system diseases, and cancer. Diosgenin and its analogs are widely found in the rhizomes of Dioscore, Solanum, and other species and share similar chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Recent data suggested diosgenin plays an anti-atherosclerosis role through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, plasma cholesterol-lowering, anti-proliferation, and anti-thrombotic effects. However, a review of the effects of diosgenin and its natural structure analogs on AS is still lacking. This review summarizes the effects of diosgenin and its analogs on vascular endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration and calcification, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and provides a new overview of its anti-atherosclerosis mechanism. Besides, the structures, sources, safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and biological availability are introduced to reveal the limitations and challenges of current studies, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of diosgenin and its analogs and provide a new idea for developing new agents for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaolong Wang, Tel +86 13501991450, Fax +86 21 51322445, Email
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18
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Liang J, Li W, Liu H, Li X, Yuan C, Zou W, Qu L. Di’ao Xinxuekang Capsule Improves the Anti-Atherosclerotic Effect of Atorvastatin by Downregulating the SREBP2/PCSK9 Signalling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857092. [PMID: 35571088 PMCID: PMC9096164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are the first choice for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and preventing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, statins can also upregulate proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which in turn might limits the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins through the degradation of LDL receptors (LDLR). Di’ao Xinxuekang (DXXK) capsule, as a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease, can alleviate lipid disorders and ameliorate atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis model mice and downregulate the expression of PCSK9. In this study, we further explored whether DXXK has a synergistic effect with atorvastatin (ATO) and its underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed that both ATO monotherapy (1.3 mg/kg) and ATO combined with DXXK therapy significantly lowered serum lipid levels and reduced the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the liver lipid accumulation. Moreover, compared with ATO monotherapy, the addition of DXXK (160 mg/kg) to the combination therapy further lowered LDL-C by 15.55% and further reduced the atherosclerotic plaque area by 25.98%. In addition, the expression of SREBP2, PCSK9 and IDOL showed a significant increase in the model group, and the expression of LDLR was significantly reduced; however, there were no significant differences between the ATO (1.3 mg/kg) and the model groups. When ATO was combined with DXXK, the expression of LDLR was significantly increased and was higher than that of the model group and the expression of SREBP2 and PCSK9 in the liver was also significantly inhibited. Moreover, it can be seen that the expression of SREBP2 and PCSK9 in the combination treatment group was significantly lower than that in the ATO monotherapy group (1.3 mg/kg). Besides, the expression of IDOL mRNA in each treatment group was not significantly different from that of the model group. Our study suggests that DXXK might have a synergistic effect on the LDL-C lowering and antiatherosclerosis effects of ATO through the SREBP2/PCSK9 pathway. This indicates that a combination of DXXK and ATO may be a new treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuqiao Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Zou, ; Liping Qu,
| | - Liping Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Zou, ; Liping Qu,
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19
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Hua F, Shi L, Zhou P. Phenols and terpenoids: natural products as inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:137-147. [PMID: 35039992 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory infiltration has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the development of several types of CVDs, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion damage, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension. Inhibiting the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome can inhibit the progress of CVDs. However, there is no NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor in clinic, and it is very important to find a safe and effective NLRP3 inhibitor. Phenols and terpenoids are naturally natural products that have many anti-inflammatory effects in CVDs by modulating the NLRP3 inflammatory pathway. Thus, 20 natural products from phenols and terpenoids for the treatment of cardiovascular disease based on the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome were summarized and screened. Docking results showed salvianolic acid B and ellagic acid in phenols, and oridonin and triptolide in terpenoids had a better binding activity with NLRP3, which can provide theoretical support for finding novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors or lead compounds in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Hua
- Pharmacy School, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Shi
- Pharmacy School, Anhui Xinhua University, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Semwal P, Painuli S, Abu-Izneid T, Rauf A, Sharma A, Daştan SD, Kumar M, Alshehri MM, Taheri Y, Das R, Mitra S, Emran TB, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Cho WC. Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1035441. [PMID: 35677108 PMCID: PMC9168095 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1035441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin's pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin's nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin's safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Semwal
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, UAE
| | - Abdur Rauf
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Anbar-23561, K.P .K, Pakistan
| | - Anshu Sharma
- 4Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, 173230, India
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- 5Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- 6Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- 7Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Mohammed M. Alshehri
- 8Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasaman Taheri
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajib Das
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- 10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- 11Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- 12Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- 9Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- 13Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Calina
- 14Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - William C. Cho
- 15Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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21
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Bandopadhyay S, Anand U, Gadekar VS, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Behl T, Kumar M, Shekhawat MS, Dey A. Dioscin: A review on pharmacological properties and therapeutic values. Biofactors 2022; 48:22-55. [PMID: 34919768 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin has gained immense popularity as a natural, bioactive steroid saponin, which offers numerous medical benefits. The growing global incidence of disease-associated morbidity and mortality continues to compromise human health, facilitating an increasingly urgent need for nontoxic, noninvasive, and efficient treatment alternatives. Natural compounds can contribute vastly to this field. Over recent years, studies have demonstrated the remarkable protective actions of dioscin against a variety of human malignancies, metabolic disorders, organ injuries, and viral/fungal infections. The successful usage of this phytocompound has been widely seen in medical treatment procedures under traditional Chinese medicine, and it is becoming progressively prevalent worldwide. This review provides an insight into the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities of dioscin, as reported and compiled in recent literature. The various novel approaches and applications of dioscin also verify the advantages exhibited by plant extracts against commercially available drugs, highlighting the potential of phytochemical agents like dioscin to be further incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijaykumar Shivaji Gadekar
- Zoology Department, Sangola College (affiliated to Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University), Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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22
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Yang L, Lei JF, Ouyang JY, Li MZ, Zhan Y, Feng XF, Lu Y, Li MC, Wang L, Zou HY, Zhao H. Effect of Neurorepair for Motor Functional Recovery Enhanced by Total Saponins From Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. Treatment in a Rat Model of Focal Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:763181. [PMID: 34955834 PMCID: PMC8703076 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (TTM), is a perennial herb from Liliaceae, that has been widely used as a traditional Chinese medicine treating cephalgia and traumatic hemorrhage. The present work was designed to investigate whether the total saponins from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. (TSTT) would promote brain remodeling and improve gait impairment in the chronic phase of ischemic stroke. A focal ischemic model of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats was established by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Six hours later, rats were intragastrically treated with TSTT (120, 60, and 30 mg/kg) and once daily up to day 30. The gait changes were assessed by the CatWalk-automated gait analysis system. The brain tissues injuries, cerebral perfusion and changes of axonal microstructures were detected by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by histological examinations. The axonal regeneration related signaling pathways including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) were measured by western blotting. TSTT treatment significantly improved gait impairment of rats. MRI analysis revealed that TSTT alleviated tissues injuries, significantly improved cerebral blood flow (CBF), enhanced microstructural integrity of axon and myelin sheath in the ipsilesional sensorimotor cortex and internal capsule. In parallel to MRI findings, TSTT preserved myelinated axons and promoted oligodendrogenesis. Specifically, TSTT interventions markedly up-regulated expression of phosphorylated GSK-3, accompanied by increased expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, but reduced phosphorylated CRMP-2 expression. Taken together, our results suggested that TSTT facilitated brain remodeling. This correlated with improving CBF, encouraging reorganization of axonal microstructure, promoting oligodendrogenesis and activating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3/CRMP-2 signaling, thereby improving poststroke gait impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Medical Imaging Laboratory of Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Yao Ouyang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Man-Zhong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Feng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Cong Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, China
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23
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Gao J, Xu Y, Hua C, Li C, Zhang Y. Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Sterol 3- O-Glucosyltransferase Involved in Biosynthesis of Steroidal Saponins in Trigonella foenum-graecum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:809579. [PMID: 34966407 PMCID: PMC8710529 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.809579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), a pharmacologically important herb, is widely known for its antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and anticancer effects. The medicinal properties of this herb are accredited to the presence of bioactive steroidal saponins with one or more sugar moieties linked to the C-3 OH position of disogenin or its C25-epimer yamogenin. Despite intensive studies regarding pharmacology and phytochemical profiles of this plant, enzymes and/or genes involved in synthesizing the glycosidic part of fenugreek steroidal saponins are still missing so far. This study reports the molecular cloning and functional characterization of a key sterol-specific glucosyltransferase, designated as TfS3GT2 here, from fenugreek plant. The recombinant TfS3GT2 was purified via expression in Escherichia coli, and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme suggested its role in transferring a glucose group onto the C-3 hydroxyl group of diosgenin or yamogenin. The functional role of TfS3GT2 in the steroidal saponin biosynthesis was also demonstrated by suppressing the gene in the transgenic fenugreek hairy roots via the RNA interference (RNAi) approach. Down-regulation of TfS3GT2 in fenugreek generally led to reduced levels of diosgenin or yamogenin-derived steroidal saponins. Thus, Tf3SGT2 was identified as a steroid-specific UDP-glucose 3-O-glucosyltransferase that appears to be involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis in T. foenum-graecum.
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Diosgenin suppresses COX-2 and mPGES-1 via GR and improves LPS-induced liver injury in mouse. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106580. [PMID: 34252545 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a wild yam (Dioscorea japonica), we previously found novel anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects via the downregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. One of the substances in wild yam is a steroidal saponin, diosgenin. We demonstrated that diosgenin suppressed COX-2 in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma A549 cells via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) translocation and the effects were reversed by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU486. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse liver injury, COX-2 and mPGES-1 were induced and localized in sinusoidal macrophages and endothelial cells; however, diosgenin administration significantly suppressed Ptgs2 and Ptges expression and decreased COX-2 and mPGES-1 immunopositive cells in the sinusoids. Multiple immunohistochemical analyses showed that diosgenin had an effect on COX-2 and mPGES-1, particularly in the macrophages. Thus, we showed that diosgenin downregulated COX-2 and mPGES-1 via the glucocorticoid receptor and suppressed COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the macrophages of LPS-induced acute mouse liver injury.
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