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Dou P, Liu L, Jin M, Huang J, Lekhooa RM, Ran X, Yan X. Black ginseng: a novel medicine for treating heart failure. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1429214. [PMID: 39092221 PMCID: PMC11291204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1429214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Black ginseng (BG) was processed by "steaming and drying" (generally nine times) repeatedly to produce "rare saponins" and secondary ginsenosides. Both ginseng (GS) and red ginseng (RG) were commonly used in treating heart failure (HF), and the latter was confirmed to be more potent, implying the presence of rare ginsenosides that contribute positively to the treatment of heart failure. Previous research indicated that rare ginsenosides are more abundant in BG than in RG. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the effects of BG and its components on HF to elucidate the active substances and their underlying mechanisms in the treatment of HF. Methods: The effects of BG and its fractions (water-eluted fraction (WEF), total saponin fraction (TSF), and alcohol-eluted fraction (AEF)) on rats with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced HF were explored, and steroids belonging to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes were determined quantitatively using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on the gut microbiota, followed by GC-MS analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and the biochemical indexes related to energy metabolism and the serum cyclic nucleotide system were also analyzed by ELISA. Results: Based on a thorough evaluation of energy metabolism and the endocrine system, it was observed that the effects of BG components on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and HPA axes were more pronounced. Notably, the treatment efficacy of the low dose of the total saponin fraction (TSFL), water decoction (WD), and high dose of the polysaccharide fraction (PSFH) was superior based on pharmacodynamic indicators such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), creatine kinase (CK), and estradiol (E2)/T). Furthermore, the WD and BG components exhibited significant effects on androgens (T and androstenedione (A4)). The TSFL group exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating Lactobacillus/Erysipelotrichales. The WD, PSFH, and TSFL may impact inflammatory cytokines through the gut microbiota (Lactobacillus/Erysipelotrichales) and their metabolites (acetate and butyrate), exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. Discussion: The BG and all its split components demonstrated varying levels of efficacy in alleviating HF, and TSF and PSF exhibited a significant protective effect on HF. The main active components in TSF were revealed to be ginsenosides Rk1, Rk3, 20-(S)-Rg3, and 20-(S)-Rh2 by the H9C2 cell experiment. The decoction of BG and its components exhibited a potent impact on androgen hormones, with an elevation trend. This phenomenon may be attributed to the activation of the eNOS-NO pathway through androgen regulation, thereby contributing to its anti-HF activities. The WD, PSFH, and TSFL may exert anti-inflammatory effects through the intestinal flora (Lactobacillaceae/Erysipelotrichaceae) and its metabolites (acetic acid and butyric acid), which affect the inflammatory factors. The different mechanisms of action of each component of HF also reflect the significance and necessity of the overall role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Our research was the first to report that the E2/T is related to HF and can be used as an indicator to evaluate HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Mozhu Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rose Makhotso Lekhooa
- Preclinical Drug Development Platform, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Xiaoku Ran
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Han D, Wang W, Gong J, Ma Y, Li Y. Microbiota metabolites in bone: Shaping health and Confronting disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28435. [PMID: 38560225 PMCID: PMC10979239 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and bone health has become increasingly recognized as a fundamental determinant of skeletal well-being. Microbiota-derived metabolites play a crucial role in dynamic interaction, specifically in bone homeostasis. In this sense, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, indirectly promote bone formation by regulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has been found to increase the expression of osteoblast genes, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), thus enhancing osteogenic differentiation and bone quality through BMP/SMADs and Wnt signaling pathways. Remarkably, in the context of bone infections, the role of microbiota metabolites in immune modulation and host defense mechanisms potentially affects susceptibility to infections such as osteomyelitis. Furthermore, ongoing research elucidates the precise mechanisms through which microbiota-derived metabolites influence bone cells, such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Understanding the multifaceted influence of microbiota metabolites on bone, from regulating homeostasis to modulating susceptibility to infections, has the potential to revolutionize our approach to bone health and disease management. This review offers a comprehensive exploration of this evolving field, providing a holistic perspective on the impact of microbiota metabolites on bone health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Weijiao Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jinpeng Gong
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yupeng Ma
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
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Peng Y, Huang Y, Li H, Li C, Wu Y, Wang X, Wang Q, He J, Miao C. Associations between rheumatoid arthritis and intestinal flora, with special emphasis on RA pathologic mechanisms to treatment strategies. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106563. [PMID: 38331355 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints. Individuals at risk for RA and people with RA develop intestinal dysbiosis. The changes in intestinal flora composition in preclinical and confirmed RA patients suggest that intestinal flora imbalance may play an important role in the induction and persistence of RA. METHODS Based on the current research on the interaction between RA and intestinal microbiota, intestinal microbiota metabolites and intestinal barrier changes. This paper systematically summarized the changes in intestinal microbiota in RA patients, the metabolites of intestinal flora, and the influence mechanism of intestinal barrier on RA, and further discussed the influence of drugs for RA on intestinal flora and its mechanism of action. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, α diversity analysis of intestinal flora showed no significant difference, β diversity analysis showed significant differences. The intestinal flora produces bioactive metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and aromatic amino acids, which have anti-inflammatory effects. Abnormal intestinal flora leads to impaired barrier function and mucosal immune dysfunction, promoting the development of inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and chemical drugs can also alleviate RA by regulating intestinal flora, intestinal flora metabolites, and intestinal barrier. Intestinal flora is closely related to the pathogenesis of RA and may become potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of RA. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal flora and its metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as RA, and are expected to become a new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment, providing a new idea for targeted treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Humanistic Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Gynecology, Anhui Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenggui Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Liu L, Han X, Shan G, Fu L, Dou D. Mechanism difference of ginseng medicines with different natures on hyperthyroidism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117194. [PMID: 37742875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal nature is a unique index in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to measure the efficacy of Chinese medicines. Hyperthyroidism, qi-Yin deficiency syndrome in TCM was regarded as the classic heat syndrome category in Chinese medicine. Moreover, it is extensively employed to evaluate the medicinal nature of herbs within the framework of the 'hot/cold' nature theory. Ginseng, red and black ginseng (GS, RG, and BG, respectively), and ginseng leaves (GL) are qi-tonifying herbs with different medicinal natures and were just right used to examine the underlying mechanisms between the nature of ginseng medicines and their tonifying effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the different mechanisms between different natures of ginseng medicines and their qi-tonifying action by comparison of their effects on hyperthyroidism and elucidate the nature of BG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hyperthyroidism model was induced through the oral administration of Euthyrox. Steroids belonging to hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axes were determined with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) method. Furthermore, the biochemical indexes associated with energy metabolism, including the serum cyclic nucleotide system and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways were examined. Additionally, the gut microbiota was subjected to 16 S rDNA sequencing, followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). RESULTS GS, RG, and BG could treat hyperthyroidism rats by regulating the hypothalamus pituitary thyroid (HPT) axis. The RG also had a strong regulatory effect on the HPA and HPG axis. The BG has a regulatory effect on the HPG axis. GL had a strong regulatory effect on HPA, HPG, and HPT axes. GS had the ability to regulate Firmicutes/Bacteroides of the intestinal flora, and GS, RG, and BG ameliorated the decrease of SCFAs induced by hyperthyroidism. According to PCA, BG is similar to GS, indicating a mild-warm nature. CONCLUSION The nature of BG was attributable to mild-warm and the GL with cold nature is best for the treatment of hyperthyroidism based on PCA analysis with all the bio-indices. In addition, the mechanism study indicated that the qi-tonifying effects of ginseng medicines are involved in HPT, HPA, and HPG axes to alleviate hyperthyroidism. In addition, the primary indexes reflected different natures of ginseng medicines are cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), AchE, and substance metabolism associated with Na+-K+-ATPase and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, which are potential biomarkers for evaluation on the natures of qi-tonifying medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liu
- Department of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xueying Han
- Department of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Guoshun Shan
- Department of Processing of Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
| | - Li Fu
- Dalian Fusheng Natural Medicine Development Co.Ltd, China
| | - Deqiang Dou
- Department of Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
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Lin L, Zhang K, Xiong Q, Zhang J, Cai B, Huang Z, Yang B, Wei B, Chen J, Niu Q. Gut microbiota in pre-clinical rheumatoid arthritis: From pathogenesis to preventing progression. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103001. [PMID: 36931952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive polyarthritis that leads to cartilage and bone damage. Pre-clinical RA is a prolonged state before clinical arthritis and RA develop, in which autoantibodies (antibodies against citrullinated proteins, rheumatoid factors) can be present due to the breakdown of immunologic self-tolerance. As early treatment initiation before the onset of polyarthritis may achieve sustained remission, optimize clinical outcomes, and even prevent RA progression, the pre-clinical RA stage is showing the prospect to be the window of opportunity for RA treatment. Growing evidence has shown the role of the gut microbiota in inducing systemic inflammation and polyarthritis via multiple mechanisms, which may involve molecular mimicry, impaired intestinal barrier function, gut microbiota-derived metabolites mediated immune regulation, modulation of the gut microbiota's effect on immune cells, intestinal epithelial cells autophagy, and the interaction between the microbiome and human leukocyte antigen alleles as well as microRNAs. Since gut microbiota alterations in pre-clinical RA have been reported, potential therapies for modifying the gut microbiota in pre-clinical RA, including natural products, antibiotic therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, microRNAs therapy, vitamin D supplementation, autophagy inducer-based treatment, prebiotics, and diet, holds great promise for the successful treatment and even prevention of RA via altering ongoing inflammation. In this review, we summarized current studies that include pathogenesis of gut microbiota in RA progression and promising therapeutic strategies to provide novel ideas for the management of pre-clinical RA and possibly preventing arthritis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Keyi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junlong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuochun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhen BX, Cai Q, Li F. Chemical components and protective effects of Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam against acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5848-5864. [PMID: 38074916 PMCID: PMC10701307 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i43.5848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atractylodes japonica Koidz. ex Kitam. (A. japonica, Chinese name: Guan-Cangzhu, Japanese name: Byaku-jutsu), a perennial herb, which is mainly distributed in northeast area of China, it’s often used to treat digestive system diseases such as gastric ulcer (GU). However, the mechanism of its potential protective effects against GU remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the protective effects of A. japonica on acetic acid-induced GU rats.
METHODS The chemical constituents of A. japonica were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. The rat model of GU was simulated by acetic acid method. The pathological changes of gastric tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin stain, the levels of epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-10, Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) in serum and gastric tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the mRNA expressions of EGFR, NF-κBp65, IkappaBalpha (IκBα) and Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) in gastric tissues were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the efficacy was observed. Then, plasma metabolomic analysis was performed by UPLC-MS/MS to screen the specific potential biomarkers, metabolic pathways and to explore the possible mechanisms.
RESULTS 48 chemical constituents were identified. Many of them have strong pharmacological activity, the results also revealed that A. japonica significantly improved the pathological damage of gastric tissues, increased the expression levels of IL-10, IκBα related to anti-inflammatory factors, decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, NF-κB, NF-κBp65, related to proinflammatory factors, restored the levels of factors about EGF, EGFR, ZO-1 associated with ulcer healing and the levels of factors about NKA associated with energy metabolism. Metabolomic analysis identified 10 potential differential metabolites and enriched 7 related metabolic pathways.
CONCLUSION These findings contribute to the understanding of the potential mechanism of A. japonica to improve acetic acid-induced GU, and will be of great importance for the development and clinical application of natural drugs related to A. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Xian Zhen
- Department of Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qian Cai
- Department of Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning Province, China
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Ma L, Ji L, Wang T, Zhai Z, Su P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wu Z, Yu H, Zhao H. Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating intestinal microbiota to combat influenza a virus infection. Virol J 2023; 20:260. [PMID: 37957630 PMCID: PMC10644525 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are a prevalent respiratory pathogen that can cause seasonal flu and global pandemics, posing a significant global public health threat. Emerging research suggests that IAV infections may disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, while gut dysbiosis can affect disease progression in IAV patients. Therefore, restoring gut microbiota balance may represent a promising therapeutic target for IAV infections. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its ability to regulate gut microbiota, offers significant potential in preventing and treating IAV. This article provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between IAV and gut microbiota, highlighting the impact of gut microbiota on IAV infections. It also explores the mechanisms and role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of IAV, presenting novel research avenues for traditional Chinese medicine-based IAV treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- LanYing Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - PeiWei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - YaNan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - WenXiao Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - ZhiChun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HuaYun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HaiJun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China.
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Song W, Zou Z, Chen X, Tan J, Liu L, Wei Q, Xiong P, Song Q, Chen J, Su W, Xu C. Effects of traditional Chinese herbal feed supplement on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant levels, and intestinal health in chickens: a study on Ningdu yellow chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102986. [PMID: 37566964 PMCID: PMC10440571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbs have been widely researched as a green, safe, and effective feed additive for poultry. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese prescription (TCP) based on various herbs in a specific ratio on the growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, antioxidant level, and intestinal health of Ningdu yellow chickens. A total of 420 female Ningdu yellow chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 6 replicates of 14 each. The chickens were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8% TCP from d 43 to 105. Body weight, feed intake, and serum biochemical indicators were recorded at d 70 and 105, intestinal morphology and microflora of the carcass were determined at d 105. Compared to the control group, chickens fed with TCP, particularly at the level of 0.6%, showed improved average daily gain and breast muscle percentage, as well as a lower feed-to-gain ratio with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Between 43 and 70 d of age, chickens fed with TCP exhibited higher levels of serum glutathione peroxidase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase, particularly in the group fed with the 0.6% level of TCP (P < 0.05). Between 43 and 105 d of age, feeding chickens with 0.4 and 0.6% TCP resulted in a decrease in serum IL-2 concentration, and increase in the IL-4 content (P < 0.05). Chickens fed with 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8% TCP had significantly higher jejunum villous height (P < 0.05), TCP supplementation also led to a marked increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Collectively, the study suggests that TCP supplementation can enhance immune and antioxidant functions, improve jejunum morphology, and positively impact cecum microflora in chickens. Based on these results, a level of 0.6% TCP could be considered an optimum level as a feed supplement for Ningdu yellow chickens aged 43 to 105 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Zhiheng Zou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Jia Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Linxiu Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Qipeng Wei
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Pingwen Xiong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Qiongli Song
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China.
| | - Jiang Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Weide Su
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
| | - Chuanhui Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, PR China
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Hu J, Ni J, Zheng J, Guo Y, Yang Y, Ye C, Sun X, Xia H, Liu Y, Liu H. Tripterygium hypoglaucum extract ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis in mice through the gut microbiota. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:730-744. [PMID: 37879792 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Levl.) Hutch (THH) are widely used in Chinese folk to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate whether the anti-RA effect of THH is related with the gut microbiota. The main components of prepared THH extract were identified by HPLC-MS. C57BL/6 mice with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) were treated with THH extract by gavage for one month. THH extract significantly alleviated swollen ankle, joint cavity exudation, and articular cartilage destruction in AIA mice. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory mediators in muscles and plasma indicated that THH extract attenuated inflammatory responses in the joint by blocking TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathways. THH extract remarkably restored the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in AIA mice, featuring the increases of Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, and Lactobacillus and the decreases of Butyricimonas, Parabacteroides, and Anaeroplasma. Furthermore, the altered bacteria were closely correlated with physiological indices and drove metabolic changes of the intestinal microbiota. In addition, antibiotic-induced pseudo germ-free mice were employed to verify the role of the intestinal flora. Strikingly, THH treatment failed to ameliorate the arthritis symptoms and signaling pathways in pseudo germ-free mice, which validates the indispensable role of the intestinal flora. For the first time, we demonstrated that THH extract protects joint inflammation by manipulating the intestinal flora and regulating the TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, THH extract may serve as a microbial modulator to recover RA in clincial practice.ver RA in clincial practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jimin Ni
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Wuhan Customs Technology Center, Wuhan 430050, China
| | - Xiongjie Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China; Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China.
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10
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Liang Y, Liu M, Cheng Y, Wang X, Wang W. Prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through traditional Chinese medicine: role of the gut microbiota. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1233994. [PMID: 37781405 PMCID: PMC10538529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1233994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, despite the increasing availability of treatments for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the incidence of RA and associated disability-adjusted life years have been on the rise globally in the late decades. At present, accumulating evidence has been advanced that RA is related to the gut microbiota, therefore, the therapeutic approaches for RA by regulating the gut microbiota are anticipated to become a new means of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can regulate immunity, reduce inflammation and improve quality of life in various ways. Moreover, it can treat diseases by affecting the gut microbiota, which is a good way to treat RA. In this review, we mainly explore the relationship between TCM and gut microbiota regarding the perspective of treating RA. Moreover, we comprehensively summarize the roles of gut microbiota in the onset, development, progression, and prognosis of RA. Additionally, we elucidate the mechanism of TCM prevention and treatment of RA by the role of microbiota. Finally, we provide an evidence-based rationale for further investigation of microbiota-targeted intervention by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxue Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China
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11
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Ye L, Fan S, Zhao P, Wu C, Liu M, Hu S, Wang P, Wang H, Bi H. Potential herb‒drug interactions between anti-COVID-19 drugs and traditional Chinese medicine. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023:S2211-3835(23)00203-4. [PMID: 37360014 PMCID: PMC10239737 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. Effective treatments against COVID-19 remain urgently in need although vaccination significantly reduces the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality. At present, antiviral drugs including Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (PaxlovidTM), Remdesivir, and Molnupiravir have been authorized to treat COVID-19 and become more globally available. On the other hand, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for the treatment of epidemic diseases for a long history. Currently, various TCM formulae against COVID-19 such as Qingfei Paidu decoction, Xuanfei Baidu granule, Huashi Baidu granule, Jinhua Qinggan granule, Lianhua Qingwen capsule, and Xuebijing injection have been widely used in clinical practice in China, which may cause potential herb-drug interactions (HDIs) in patients under treatment with antiviral drugs and affect the efficacy and safety of medicines. However, information on potential HDIs between the above anti-COVID-19 drugs and TCM formulae is lacking, and thus this work seeks to summarize and highlight potential HDIs between antiviral drugs and TCM formulae against COVID-19, and especially pharmacokinetic HDIs mediated by metabolizing enzymes and/or transporters. These well-characterized HDIs could provide useful information on clinical concomitant medicine use to maximize clinical outcomes and minimize adverse and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Shicheng Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China
| | - Chenghua Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Menghua Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Shuang Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Peng Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
| | - Huichang Bi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510515,China
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12
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Hu M, Li M, Li C, Miao M, Zhang T. Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides in Infant Health Based on Gut Microbiota Alteration. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:994-1001. [PMID: 36602115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The primary active components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs provide many benefits to infants, including regulating their metabolism, immune system, and brain development. Recent studies have emphasized that HMOs act as prebiotics by the metabolism of intestinal microorganisms to produce short-chain fatty acids, which are crucial for infant development. In addition, HMOs with different structural characteristics can form different microbial compositions. HMOs-induced predominant microbes, including Bifidobacterium infantis, B. bifidum, B. breve, and B. longum, and their metabolites demonstrated pertinent health-promoting properties. Meanwhile, HMOs could also directly reduce the occurrence of diseases through the effects of preventing pathogen infection. In this review, we address the probable function of HMOs inside the HMOs-gut microbiota-infant network, by describing the physiological functions of HMOs and the implications of diet on the HMOs-gut microbiota-infant network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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13
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Jiang S, Dong W, Zhang Z, Xu J, Li H, Zhang J, Dai L, Wang S. A new iron supplement: The chelate of pig skin collagen peptide and Fe 2+ can treat iron-deficiency anemia by modulating intestinal flora. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1055725. [PMID: 36618683 PMCID: PMC9815456 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1055725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common nutritional diseases encountered all over the world. Nowadays, oral iron supplementation is still the mainstay of IDA treatment. Methods In this study, a new iron nutritional supplement named pig skin collagen peptides ferrous chelates (PSCP-Fe) was prepared, and its structure was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy, sykam amino acid analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The anti-IDA activity of PSCP-Fe was evaluated in low-Fe2+ diet-induced IDA in rats. 16S amplicon sequencing technology was then used to reveal the mechanism of PSCP-Fe against IDA. Results The results of amino acid analysis and FTIR showed that aspartic acid (Asp), arginine (Arg), histidine (His), glutamic acid (Glu), cystine (Cys), and lysine (Lys) residued in PSCP chelated readily with Fe2+ through their functional groups. PSCP-Fe treated reversed the hematology-related indexes, such as red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrate (MCHC), serum ferritin (SF), serum hepcidin (HEPC) and serum transferrin receptor (TFR). And its regulatory action was better than that of FeSO4. Moreover, PSCP-Fe alleviated the hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis, Fe2+ loss, and injury in IDA rats. In addition, PSCP-Fe could significantly retrace the disturbed profile of gut microbiota in IDA rats (p < 0.05) and significantly up-regulated the relative abundances of nine bacterial genus, including Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, unclassified_of_Oscillospiraceae, and NK4A214_group (p < 0.05). It could also downgrade the relative abundances of Subdoligranulum and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 (p < 0.05). The results of Spearman's correlation analysis and distance-based redundancy analysis (db-RDA) revealed that Subdoligranulum and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group may be potential microbial markers for effective PSCP-Fe action in the treatment of IDA. Discussion Overall, our results elucidate the interactions between gut bacteria and related cytokines and reveal the mechanisms underlying the anti-IDA effect of PSCP-Fe. They will thus provide a theoretical foundation for PSCP-Fe as a new iron nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weichao Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haoran Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,*Correspondence: Jiayu Zhang,
| | - Long Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,Long Dai,
| | - Shaoping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China,Shaoping Wang,
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14
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Guo X, Wang C, Zhang R, Hao X, Lv L, Ni Y, Fan X, Zhang W, Jiao Y, Song W, Dong Q, Qi Y, Song M, Qin X. Scrophulariae Radix-Atractylodes sinensis pair and metformin inhibit inflammation by modulating gut microbiota of high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:900021. [PMID: 36532503 PMCID: PMC9748418 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 mellitus (T2DM), a chronic metabolic disorder, causes severe impairment of patients' quality of life and has attracted global attention. Many studies have suggested the importance of the gut microbiota in the occurrence of T2DM. The Scrophulariae Radix and Atractylodes sinensis (XC) pair, recommended in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), have been used for treating diabetes for many years. However, research on the role of the XC pair in modulating gut microbial communities is lacking, but it is important to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS In this study, we detected bacterial communities by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The results showed that XC + MET reduced postprandial hyperglycemia and inflammatory response in diabetic rats more effectively than metformin (MET) alone. The XC + MET treatment reshaped the intestinal microbial composition of diabetic rats. XC can help MET regulate carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism, particularly the insulin signaling pathway. DISCUSSION This research would help elucidate potential mechanisms and the treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuliang Hao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Fan
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiliang Zhang
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunhong Jiao
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Qi
- Department of Metabolism, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meiqing Song
- Clinical Pharmacological Research Laboratory, Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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15
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Ding X, Liu Z, Liu Y, Xu B, Chen J, Pu J, Wu D, Yu H, Jin C, Wang X. Comprehensive evaluation of the mechanism of Gastrodia elata Blume in ameliorating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury based on integrating fecal metabonomics and 16S rDNA sequencing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1026627. [PMID: 36389137 PMCID: PMC9648199 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1026627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrodia elata Blume was used to treat stroke and headaches caused by "Feng" for thousands of years. The present study has shown a significant effect of G. elata Blume in improving cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, the mechanism of G. elata Blume in improving CIRI by regulating the intestinal flora has not been reported until now. This research aimed to comprehensively evaluate the mechanism of G. elata Blume in CIRI based on fecal metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing. The rat model with CIRI was created based on the Zea Longa method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to monitor the inflammatory factors in rat serum. Damages of brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Cerebral infarction was observed by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The balance of intestinal flora in cecal contents of rats was evaluated by high-throughput sequencing. Changes of metabolites in the intestinal flora were evaluated by fecal metabolomics through Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap exploris-mass spectrometer (UHPLC-OE-MS). The area of brain necrosis, cerebral infarction volume, and the contents of inflammatory factors in CIRI rats can be effectively reduced after oral administration of G. elata Blume. CIRI can cause disturbances in the intestinal flora and its associated metabolites. G. elata Blume can significantly regulate the composition of the intestinal microflora. It reversed CIRI-induced changes in the levels of multiple intestinal bacteria, including Prevotellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae; Prevotella, Gamma proteobacteria unclassified, Barnesiella, Escherichia, Shigella; uncultured Shigella sp., Flavonifractor sp., Escherichia sp. enrichment culture clone NBAR004, Veillonella sp. R-32, and Lactobacillus intestinalis. The levels of metabolites in cecal contents were disturbed in rats with CIRI, including amino acid, purine, and sphingolipid metabolism. The changes in the level of biomarkers in amino acid metabolism induced by CIRI were significantly reversed after treatment with G. elata Blume. Correlation studies show that Prevotellaceae was significantly positively correlated with interleukin (IL)-6, and L. intestinalis and L-phenylalanine were negatively interrelated to IL-1β. Beta-glycerophosphoric acid was significantly negatively interrelated to high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). There were significantly negative correlations between L-phenylalanine and L. intestinalis, beta-glycerophosphoric acid and Prevotellaceae. G. elata Blume protected against CIRI, which may be related to improved intestinal microflora composition and metabolism, resulting in decreased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximeng Ding
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Zilu Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Baiyang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China
| | - Jingzhe Pu
- Anhui Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hefei, China
| | - Deling Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, BoZhou University, Bozhou, China
| | - Chuanshan Jin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou, China,*Correspondence: Chuanshan Jin, ; Xiaoli Wang,
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Heritage Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Processing Technology of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (NATCM), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (ACUM), Hefei, China,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology, Bozhou, China,*Correspondence: Chuanshan Jin, ; Xiaoli Wang,
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16
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Xu X, Wang M, Wang Z, Chen Q, Chen X, Xu Y, Dai M, Wu B, Li Y. The bridge of the gut–joint axis: Gut microbial metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007610. [PMID: 36275747 PMCID: PMC9583880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint destruction, synovitis, and pannus formation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may exert direct pathogenic effects on gut homeostasis. It may trigger the host’s innate immune system and activate the “gut–joint axis”, which exacerbates the RA. However, although the importance of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of RA is widely recognized, the mechanisms regulating the interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immune system remain incompletely defined. In this review, we discuss the role of gut microbiota-derived biological mediators, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan metabolites, in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, immune balance and bone destruction in RA patients as the bridge of the gut–joint axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Zikang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xixuan Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingyue Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanping Li, ; Bin Wu,
| | - Yanping Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanping Li, ; Bin Wu,
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17
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Xiao Y, Zhang F, Xu H, Yang C, Song X, Zhou Y, Zhou X, Liu X, Miao J. Cinnamaldehyde microcapsules enhance bioavailability and regulate intestinal flora in mice. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100441. [PMID: 36132744 PMCID: PMC9483564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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18
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Gao Y, Chen H, Li W, Zhang Y, Luo J, Zhao L, Shi F, Ye G, He X, Xu Z, Zhu L, Tang H, Li Y. Chloroform extracts of Atractylodes chinensis inhibit the adhesion and invasion of Salmonella typhimurium. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113633. [PMID: 36063647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 27 million cases of Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) reported worldwide annually, which have resulted in 217,000 deaths to date. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel antibacterial agents to target the multidrug-resistant strains of STM. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of the chloroform extracts of Atractylodes chinensis (Ac-CE) on the virulence of STM in vitro and develop it as a potential antibacterial agent. First, we determined the in vitro effects of Ac-CE on STM biofilm formation, and swimming, swarming, and adhesion to mucin. Further, we evaluated the effect of Ac-CE on the adhesion and invasion of STM at the gene level. Lastly, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Ac-CE on STM infectivity at the cellular level. Ac-CE could attenuate both the adhesion and invasion abilities of STM in vitro. At the gene level, it could inhibit the expression of flagella, pilus, biofilm, SPI-1, and SPI-2 genes, which are related to the adhesion and invasion ability of STM in cells. Ac-CE significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in an STM infection cell model. It also significantly recovered the expression of intestinal barrier-related genes and proteins in intestinal cells that are damaged during STM infection. Ac-CE is effective as an antivirulence agent in alleviating STM infection. Although the main components of Ac-CE were analyzed.We have not demonstrated the antivirulence effect of the active ingredients in Ac-CE. And the antivirulence effect of Ac-CE and its active ingredients warrant further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanze Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Helin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Open Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Chen Z, Lv Y, Xu H, Deng L. Herbal Medicine, Gut Microbiota, and COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:646560. [PMID: 34305582 PMCID: PMC8293616 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.646560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has grown to a worldwide pandemic with substantial mortality. The symptoms of COVID-19 range from mild flu-like symptoms, including cough and fever, to life threatening complications. There are still quite a number of patients with COVID-19 showed enteric symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The gastrointestinal tract may be one of the target organs of SARS-CoV-2. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is significantly expressed in intestinal cells. ACE2 links amino acid malnutrition to microbial ecology and intestinal inflammation. Intestinal flora imbalance and endotoxemia may accelerate the progression of COVID-19. Many herbs have demonstrated properties relevant to the treatment of COVID-19, by supporting organs and systems of the body affected by the virus. Herbs can restore the structure of the intestinal flora, which may further modulate the immune function after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Regulation of intestinal flora by herbal medicine may be helpful for the treatment and recovery of the disease. Understanding the role of herbs that regulate intestinal flora in fighting respiratory virus infections and maintaining intestinal flora balance can provide new ideas for preventing and treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Lv
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huachong Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Deng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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