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Dehghani S, Yousefi S, Oskoei V, Tazik M, Moradi MS, Shaabani M, Vali M. Ecological study on household air pollution exposure and prevalent chronic disease in the elderly. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11763. [PMID: 37474604 PMCID: PMC10359274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Older people spend most of their time indoors. Limited evidence demonstrates that exposure to indoor air pollutants might be related to chronic complications. This study aimed to estimate the correlation between household air pollution (HAP)'s long-term exposure and the prevalence of elevated hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. From the Global Burden disease dataset, we extracted HAP, hypertension, DM, body mass index, and LDL cholesterol data from Iran from 1990 to 2019 to males and females in people over 50 years. We present APC and AAPC and their confidence intervals using Joinpoint Software statistical software. R software examined the correlation between HAP and hypertension, DM2, Obesity, and high LDL cholesterol. Our finding showed a significant and positive correlation between HAP exposure and prevalence of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.70), high systolic blood pressure (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.63), and high body mass index (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.57), and DM2 (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.38). The analysis results also illustrated a positive correlation between indoor air pollution and smoking (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.92). HAP exposure might be a risk factor for elevated blood pressure, DM, obesity, and LDL cholesterol and, consequently, more serious health problems. According to our results, smoking is one of the sources of HAP. However, ecological studies cannot fully support causal relationships, and this article deals only with Iran. Our findings should be corroborated in personal exposure and biomonitoring approach studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahide Oskoei
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Moslem Tazik
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sanyar Moradi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Shaabani
- Education (and Training) Office of Hendijan, Hendijan, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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2
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Lau YS, Poon HY, Organ B, Chuang HC, Chan MN, Guo H, Ho SSH, Ho KF. Toxicological effects of fresh and aged gasoline exhaust particles in Hong Kong. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129846. [PMID: 36063712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exhaust emissions from gasoline vehicles are one of the major contributors to aerosol particles observed in urban areas. It is well-known that these tiny particles are associated with air pollution, climate forcing, and adverse health effects. However, their toxicity and bioreactivity after atmospheric ageing are less constrained. The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical and toxicological properties of fresh and aged particulate matter samples derived from gasoline exhaust emissions. Chemical analyses showed that both fresh and aged PM samples were rich in organic carbon, and the dominating chemical species were n-alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Comparisons between fresh and aged samples revealed that the latter contained larger amounts of oxygenated compounds. In most cases, the bioreactivity induced by the aged PM samples was significantly higher than that induced by the fresh samples. Moderate to weak correlations were identified between chemical species and the levels of biomarkers in the fresh and aged PM samples. The results of the stepwise regression analysis suggested that n-alkane and alkenoic acid were major contributors to the increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the fresh samples, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monocarboxylic acid were the main factors responsible for such increase in the aged samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yik-Sze Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Now at: International Laboratory of Air Quality and Health (ILAQR), Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Hon-Yin Poon
- Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bruce Organ
- Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing and Research Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Man-Nin Chan
- Earth System Science Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hai Guo
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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3
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Li J, Chen Q, Sha T, Liu Y. Significant Promotion of Light Absorption Ability and Formation of Triplet Organics and Reactive Oxygen Species in Atmospheric HULIS by Fe(III) Ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16652-16664. [PMID: 36342346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are key components in atmosphere that potentially affect the optical properties and photochemical reactivity of atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS), while this mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that atmospheric HULIS coupled with Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Al3+ exhibited distinct optical properties and reactive intermediates from that of HULIS utilizing three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The HULIS components showed light absorption that increased by 56% for the HULIS-Fe3+ system, fluorescence blue shift, and fluorescence quenching, showing a certain dose-effect relationship. These are mainly attributed to the fact that the highly oxidative HULIS chromophores have a stronger complexing ability with Fe3+ ions than the other metal ions. In addition, triplet organics (promoting ratio: 53%) and reactive oxygen species (promoting ratio: 82.6%) in the HULIS-Fe3+ system showed obvious generation promotion. Therefore, the main assumption of the photochemical mechanisms of atmospheric HULIS in the HULIS-Fe3+ system is that Fe3+ ions can form 3HULIS*-Fe3+ complexation with photoexcited 3HULIS* and then transition to the ground state through energy transfer, electron transfer, or nonradiative transition, accompanied by the formation of singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. Our results provide references for evaluating the radiative forcing and aging effect of metal ions on atmospheric aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Tong Sha
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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4
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Gupta A, Sasse SK, Berman R, Gruca MA, Dowell RD, Chu HW, Downey GP, Gerber AN. Integrated genomics approaches identify transcriptional mediators and epigenetic responses to Afghan desert particulate matter in small airway epithelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2022; 54:389-401. [PMID: 36062885 PMCID: PMC9550581 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00063.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Military Deployment to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan and exposure to toxic airborne particulates have been associated with an increased risk of developing respiratory disease, collectively termed deployment-related respiratory diseases (DRRDs). Our knowledge about how particulates mediate respiratory disease is limited, precluding the appropriate recognition or management. Central to this limitation is the lack of understanding of how exposures translate into dysregulated cell identity with dysregulated transcriptional programs. The small airway epithelium is involved in both the pathobiology of DRRD and fine particulate matter deposition. To characterize small airway epithelial cell epigenetic and transcriptional responses to Afghan desert particulate matter (APM) and investigate the functional interactions of transcription factors that mediate these responses, we applied two genomics assays, the assay for transposase accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) and Precision Run-on sequencing (PRO-seq). We identified activity changes in a series of transcriptional pathways as candidate regulators of susceptibility to subsequent insults, including signal-dependent pathways, such as loss of cytochrome P450 or P53/P63, and lineage-determining transcription factors, such as GRHL2 loss or TEAD3 activation. We further demonstrated that TEAD3 activation was unique to APM exposure despite similar inflammatory responses when compared with wood smoke particle exposure and that P53/P63 program loss was uniquely positioned at the intersection of signal-dependent and lineage-determining transcriptional programs. Our results establish the utility of an integrated genomics approach in characterizing responses to exposures and identifying genomic targets for the advanced investigation of the pathogenesis of DRRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Gupta
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Sarah K Sasse
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Margaret A Gruca
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Robin D Dowell
- Biofrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Anthony N Gerber
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Berman R, Rose CS, Downey GP, Day BJ, Chu HW. Role of Particulate Matter from Afghanistan and Iraq in Deployment-Related Lung Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2408-2423. [PMID: 34808040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 3 million United States military personnel and contractors were deployed to Southwest Asia and Afghanistan over the past two decades. After returning to the United States, many developed persistent respiratory symptoms, including those due to asthma, rhinosinusitis, bronchiolitis, and others, which we collectively refer to as deployment-related lung diseases (DRLD). The mechanisms of different DRLD have not been well defined. Limited studies from us and others suggest that multiple factors and biological signaling pathways contribute to the onset of DRLD. These include, but are not limited to, exposures to high levels of particulate matter (PM) from sandstorms, burn pit combustion products, improvised explosive devices, and diesel exhaust particles. Once inhaled, these hazardous substances can activate lung immune and structural cells to initiate numerous cell-signaling pathways such as oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors, and cytokine-driven cell injury (e.g., interleukin-33). These biological events may lead to a pro-inflammatory response and airway hyperresponsiveness. Additionally, exposures to PM and other environmental hazards may predispose military personnel and contractors to more severe disease due to the interactions of those hazardous materials with subsequent exposures to allergens and cigarette smoke. Understanding how airborne exposures during deployment contribute to DRLD may identify effective targets to alleviate respiratory diseases and improve quality of life in veterans and active duty military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Berman
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Cecile S Rose
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Gregory P Downey
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, United States
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6
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The effect of air temperature on hospital admission of adults with community acquired pneumonia in Baotou, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9353. [PMID: 33931697 PMCID: PMC8087821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between air temperature and the hospital admission of adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was analyzed. The hospitalization data pertaining to adult CAP patients (age ≥ 18 years) in two tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China from 2014 to 2018 and meteorological data there in the corresponding period were collected. The exposure-response relationship between the daily average temperature and the hospital admission of adult CAP patients was quantified by using a distributed lag non-linear model. A total of 4466 cases of adult patients with CAP were admitted. After eliminating some confounding factors such as relative humidity, wind speed, air pressure, long-term trend, and seasonal trend, a lower temperature was found to be associated with a higher risk of adult CAP. Compared to 21 °C, lower temperature range of 4 to -12 °C was associated with a greater number of CAP hospitalizations among those aged ≥ 65 years, and the highest relative risk (RR) was 2.80 (95% CI 1.15-6.80) at a temperature of - 10 °C. For those < 65 years, lower temperature was not related to CAP hospitalizations. Cumulative lag RRs of low temperature with CAP hospitalizations indicate that the risk associated with colder temperatures appeared at a lag of 0-7 days. For those ≥ 65 years, the cumulative RR of CAP hospitalizations over lagging days 0-5 was 1.89 (95% CI 1.01-3. 56). In brief, the lower temperature had age-specific effects on CAP hospitalizations in Baotou, China, especially among those aged ≥ 65 years.
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Wang B, Lau YS, Huang Y, Organ B, Chuang HC, Ho SSH, Qu L, Lee SC, Ho KF. Chemical and toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from diesel vehicles. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124613. [PMID: 33301973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed chemical and toxicological characterization of the diesel particulate matter (PM) emitted from diesel vehicles running on a chassis dynamometer under different driving conditions. Chemical analyses were performed to characterize the contents of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and 31 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the collected PM samples. The OC-EC analysis results revealed that PM emissions from diesel vehicles in this study were dominated by OC and that the emission of vehicles equipped with diesel particulate filters had high OC/EC ratios. The PAH analysis results revealed that 4- and 5-ring PAHs were the dominant PAHs in the OC fraction of the PM samples. Particle toxicity was evaluated through three toxicological markers in human A549 cells, namely (1) acellular 2,7-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH) for oxidative potential, (2) interleukin-6 (IL-6) for inflammation, and (3) glutathione (GSH) for antioxidation after exposure. Statistical analyses revealed that vehicle sizes have statistically significant effects on the concentrations of the markers. Correlation analysis between PAHs and toxicological markers revealed that significant correlations existed between specific compounds and markers. Our results can be used as a reference by policy makers to formulate emission control strategies and as a dataset for other modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yik-Sze Lau
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuhan Huang
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bruce Organ
- Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Jockey Club Heavy Vehicle Emissions Testing and Research Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmosphere Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Laboratory, Cheung Sha Wan, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin-Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Lan C, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang B, Xue T, Chen J, Jiangtulu B, Ge S, Wang X, Gao M, Yu Y, Xu Y, Zhao X, Li Z. Internal metal(loid)s are potentially involved in the association between ambient fine particulate matter and blood pressure: A repeated-measurement study in north China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129146. [PMID: 33338725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on blood pressure have been widely reported. However, there remains uncertainty regarding the underlying roles of particulate matter components. We aimed to investigate the association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and blood pressure, as well as the potential effects of trace metal(loid)s, in a repeated-measurement study that enrolled women of childbearing age. Our study included 35 participants from Hebei Province, China, each of whom was visited for five times. During each visit, we conducted questionnaire surveys, measured blood pressure, and collected blood. The daily PM2.5 exposure of participants was estimated according to their residential addresses using a spatiotemporal model that combined monitoring data with satellite measurements and chemical-transport model simulations. This model was used to calculate average PM2.5 concentrations in 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days prior to each visit. Serum concentrations of various trace metal(loid)s were measured. A linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate associations among study variables. Overall, the mean (standard deviation) 60 days PM2.5 concentration over all five visits was 108.1(43.3) μg/m3. PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Likewise, ambient PM2.5 concentration was positively associated with serum concentrations of manganese and arsenic, and negatively associated with serum concentrations of nickel, tin, and chromium. Only the serum concentration of molybdenum was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure. We concluded that ambient PM2.5 exposure may contribute to elevated blood pressure, potentially by interfering with internal intake of various metal(loid)s in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Lan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- Jiangxi Environmental Engineering Vocational College, Ganzhou City, 341002, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Junxi Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Bahabaike Jiangtulu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Shufang Ge
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yanxin Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xiuge Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
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Pang Y, Huang W, Luo XS, Chen Q, Zhao Z, Tang M, Hong Y, Chen J, Li H. In-vitro human lung cell injuries induced by urban PM 2.5 during a severe air pollution episode: Variations associated with particle components. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111406. [PMID: 33007542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental air pollutants pose significant threats to public health, especially the toxicity and diseases caused by the atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM2.5). Since the health risks vary with both the concentrations and compositions of PM2.5 which are determined by aerosol sources, how are their toxic effects relevant to the pollution level becomes an important issue, such as the haze episodes covering clean and polluted days. With the transition from non-pollution to pollution stage, daily PM2.5 samples were collected from both the urban and industrial areas of Nanjing city, eastern China, covering a typical haze event in autumn-winter. Their unpropitious effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549) were compared by in vitro toxicity assays and chemical component analysis. Both air levels and cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 varied with the transition of haze event. Although the concentration of PM2.5 in air is of course the highest in pollution stage driven by local stable meteorological condition, unit mass of them posed higher toxicity (lower cell viability and higher IL-6) but induced lower cell oxidative (evidences of ROS and NQO1 mRNA expression) and inflammatory cytokine TNF-α responses than those particles during non-pollution stage. These patterns were explained by the metals and water-soluble components decreased with the haze development. Non-soluble particulate carbonaceous aerosol compositions might play a significant role in inducing cytotoxicity. Moreover, the regional pattern of episode pollution weakened the spatial variation within a city scale. Since the haze development intensified both the quantity and toxicity of PM2.5 in air, the health risks of overall aerosol exposure were synthetically amplified during haze weather, so the increased air particles with higher toxic components from fuel combustion sources should be key targets of pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Pang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiao-San Luo
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Mingwei Tang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Niu M, Shen F, Zhou F, Zhu T, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Sun Y, Li X, Wu Y, Fu P, Tao S. Indoor air filtration could lead to increased airborne endotoxin levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105878. [PMID: 32580116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Stand-alone portable air purifiers (APs) have become an increasingly popular method of controlling individual inhalation exposure. Exposure to bacterial endotoxins has a causative role in respiratory inhalation health. Here, we studied the changes in endotoxin levels in indoor air before and after purification by a portable AP equipped with HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filters. An increase in endotoxins was observed when a previously used AP was turned on to clean the air. Replacing the HEPA filters in the AP helped to mitigate the increase in endotoxins of larger sizes but not endotoxins of smaller sizes. Consequently, the use of APs could lead to increased endotoxin deposition in airways, especially in the alveolar region. The endotoxin concentrations on the HEPA filters were well correlated with the free DNA concentrations on the HEPA filters. This correlation indicates that the disrupted bacteria, which released free DNA, could also release endotoxins, thus making HEPA filters a source of indoor airborne endotoxins. Our results illustrate a potential endotoxin inhalation risk associated with HEPA-APs as an air cleaning strategy and highlight the importance of composition-specific air cleaning while reducing the particle number/mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutong Niu
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fangxia Shen
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tianle Zhu
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye Sun
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinghua Li
- School of Space and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Energy Materials and Devices, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pingqing Fu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Li J, Chen Q, Hua X, Chang T, Wang Y. Occurrence and sources of chromophoric organic carbon in fine particulate matter over Xi'an, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138290. [PMID: 32294585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the characteristics and sources of atmospheric chromophores is essential to assess their impact on climate change and the quality of atmospheric environment. In this work, the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples of Xi'an, China in 2017 were analyzed by excitation-emission matrices and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) method to obtain the species, content, sources and seasonal variation characteristics of atmospheric chromophores. The results showed that humic-like (HULIS) chromophores and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-like (PAHs-like) chromophores were the most abundant chromophores in the samples, accounting for 42% and 33%, respectively. With the aggravation of air pollution, the relative content of low-polarity chromophores increased markedly, while the relative content of polar chromophores decreased. The concentrations of atmospheric chromophores exhibited obvious seasonal variation characteristics: high in winter and low in summer. Similarly, the relative contributions of atmospheric chromophores from each source varied with the season. In addition, special weather and human activities had a significant influence on the source of atmospheric chromophores. Dust source was an important source of atmospheric chromophores, which was susceptible to long-range incoming air masses from northwestern regions in spring. However, the chromophores from the dust source were easily removed by wet precipitation, which was the same as the chromophores from the combustion source. The chromophores from the combustion source were susceptible to human activities. The contribution of combustion source to atmospheric chromophores was reduced due to the implementation of air pollution control policies during the Chinese Spring Festival. In summer, the formation of photochemical secondary chromophores was more significant than in other seasons, and the photochemical secondary chromophores increased due to the formation of liquid phase reactions under high relative humidity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Hua
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Tian Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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12
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Colaço M, Duarte A, Zuzarte M, Costa BFO, Borges O. Airborne environmental fine particles induce intense inflammatory response regardless of the absence of heavy metal elements. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 195:110500. [PMID: 32222596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Airborne environmental particles (EP) more commonly referred as particulate matter (PM) are an illustrative marker of air pollution that is associated with adverse effects on human health. Considering, PM is a complex mixture, not only in terms of its chemical composition, but also in the range of particle size, it is difficult to identify which attribute contributes more for the toxicity. Currently, there is no report about the immunotoxicological effects caused by PM with reduced content of heavy metals. This study intends to address this gap and provides a detailed characterization and immunotoxicity evaluation of PM collected in an urban area with heavy traffic congestion. Environmental particles were separated by different sizes though a sucrose gradient. This method allowed to achieve 4 sized fractions: EP f 15 % with a mean diameter of 284 nm ± 1.86 nm, EP f 25 % with a mean diameter of 461 nm ± 1.72 nm, EP f 35 % with a mean diameter of 1845 nm ± 251 nm and EP f 45 % with a mean diameter of 2204 nm ± 310 nm. Only the fractions with the smallest sizes (EP f 15 % and EP f 25 %) were subsequently studied. The chemical composition of both fractions was not substantially different, and the dominant elements were C, O, Ca and K. Only EP f 25 % showed to have a small amount of Fe. Therefore, the heavy metal elements were eliminated through centrifugation. Essentially, we found that the EP f 15 % was more cytotoxic in RAW 264.7 cells than EP f 25 %, which indicates the smaller size as the motive for the higher toxicity. In addition, both fractions of EP presented a good internalization in macrophages after 2 h exposure and induced the production of reactive oxygen species in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, EP f 15 % and EP f 25 % led to a strong secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) in the 3 concentrations tested. The inflammatory response observed was independent of the presence of heavy metals and endotoxins, since these last were suppressed by using polymyxin B sulfate. This report emphasizes the importance of an adequate physicochemical characterization and adequate controls in the experiments to achieve a right interpretation of the biological effects caused by PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Colaço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alana Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Zuzarte
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Benilde F O Costa
- CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Olga Borges
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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13
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Ren M, Jia X, Shi J, Yan L, Li Z, Lan C, Chen J, Li N, Li K, Huang J, Wu S, Lu Q, Li Z, Wang B, Liu J. Simultaneous analysis of typical halogenated endocrine disrupting chemicals and metal(loid)s in human hair. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137300. [PMID: 32097838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hair analysis has been an important approach in evaluating population exposure to various environmental factors. To meet the requirements of human environmental epidemiology studies, we aimed to develop an efficient method for simultaneous analysis of various metal(loid)s and some typical environmental halogenated endocrine disrupting chemicals (hEDCs) (i.e., polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and organochlorine pesticides, as well as some of their hydroxyl substituted metabolites) in a single hair sample. The hair was washed successively with surfactant solutions, methanol solvent, and deionized water to remove impurities attached to the hair surface. Efficiency was comprehensively compared among various washing strategies. The hair sample was further pulverized into fine powder with a median diameter (25th-75th percentile) of 8.6 (5.9-13.5) μm. The hair organic components were extracted by acetonitrile solvent and compared with the microwave-assisted extraction method. The hEDCs in the supernatant acetonitrile phase were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the metal(loid)s in the precipitate hair were further analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our developed method was further applied to analyze the hair samples of 165 pregnant women. The results showed that particles attached to the surface of the hair could not be washed off completely. However, we proposed a protocol framework to wash hair with relatively high efficience, which includes warm water incubation, and use of surfactant and organic solvent. The recoveries of the concerned hEDCs and metal(loid)s were overall in the range of 80% to 120%. For the women population, the method can efficiently recognize the typical exposure characteristics of the concerned hEDCs and metal(loid)s. Our study significantly ameliorated the deficiencies of the traditional hair washing strategy and developed an efficient method for simultaneous analysis of various metal(loid)s and hEDCs in a single hair sample. This method will provide important support for population complex exposure analysis and facilitate environmental exposome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jiazhang Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Zewu Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Changxin Lan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Junxi Chen
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Kexin Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, PR China; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qun Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital,Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Jianmeng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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14
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Pang Y, Yan L, Ren M, Jia X, Liu T, Du W, Wang B, Li Z, Lu Q. Environmental complex exposure and the risk of influenza-like illness among housewives: A case study in Shanxi Province, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110405. [PMID: 32163773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The association between environmental pollution and risk of influenza-like illness (ILI) among general population has been reported. However, the relationships between the individual pollutants and ILI risk are still under discussion. Our study aimed to explore the associations of the typical environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal(loid)s with ILI risk among women population. We carried out a cross-sectional study and included a total of 396 housewives in Shanxi Province, China. The information on their general characteristics and ILI frequency was collected by questionnaire. We collected their hair samples and analyzed the concentrations of PAHs and various metal(loid)s. The results indicated that only acenaphthylene concentration of the nine detected PAH congeners in the hair was significantly associated with ILI risk with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 0.58 (0.38 - 0.91). Among the concerned 4 toxic metal(loid)s and 15 rare earth elements, only the hair concentration of arsenic had a positive dose-response relationship with ILI risk. In addition, we found that there were negative dose-response associations of the three essential trace elements (i.e. chromium, cobalt, and nickel), and four essential alkaline earth elements (i.e. magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium) with ILI risk. It was concluded that the environmental exposure to certain compounds of housewives may contribute to their ILI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Pang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Tanxin Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Qun Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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15
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Ren M, Yan L, Pang Y, Jia X, Huang J, Shen G, Cheng H, Wang X, Pan B, Li Z, Wang B. External interference from ambient air pollution on using hair metal(loid)s for biomarker-based exposure assessment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105584. [PMID: 32106049 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hair metal(loid)s are often measured as biomarkers to evaluate population internal exposure, however, hair samples could be easily contaminated by ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution. Here, we evaluated the potential external interference from ambient PM pollution on using hair metal(loid)s for population biomarker-based exposure assessment. The raw hair samples were strictly washed and placed under various indoor and outdoor scenarios for ~6 months at sites with high PM pollution. The contaminated hair was then washed using the same method. A total of 33 hair elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The surface residual PM on hair after washing was observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, we chose a practical exposure scenario including 77 housewives in Shanxi Province, China for validation. The results for the hair exposure experiment revealed that external contamination of some elements that had relatively high concentrations in hair was generally mild in both indoor and outdoor exposure scenarios (i.e., Zn, Mg, Se, Fe, Sr, Ti, Mn, Sn, Ge, U, Co, Mo, and As). A relatively higher external contamination of other elements (e.g., Al, Cr, Pb, Cd, Li, and most rare earth elements (REEs)) was observed, especially for those elements with relatively low hair concentrations (e.g., Cd, and REEs) in the outdoor environment. This finding was due mainly to some small ambient PM not being fully removed by the current washing strategy when the hair sample was heavily contaminated. However, results from practical exposure scenario of the housewives showed that there were overall no significant differences of hair metal(loid)s between the housewives using coal and clean energy for cooking. We concluded that the external interference on hair internal metal(loid) analysis could be negligible when hair was efficiently washed, especially for population with relatively longer indoor activities. It is therefore promising to use hair analysis for their population exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yiming Pang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, PR China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051, PR China
| | - Xilong Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871, PR China
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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16
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Xu Z, Wei H, Dong X, Liu Y, Xue H. Evaluating the ecological benefits of plantations in arid areas from the perspective of ecosystem service supply and demand-based on emergy analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135853. [PMID: 31818570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plantations can significantly improve the ecological environment of arid areas. However, in the arid area of Northwestern China, plantations consume several thousand cubic meters of water per hectare per year, which also has a negative effect. By evaluating the relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services, the positive and negative benefits of plantations can be effectively identified for regional sustainable development. This study took typical arid regions as examples and evaluated the changes in ecosystem services before and after the conversion of a desert shrub system to a plantation system based on emergy analysis. The relationship between the supply and demand of various ecosystem services from different stakeholder perspectives was investigated and combined with the degree of ecosystem service demand obtained from the participatory survey. Results showed the following. (1) The ecosystem services provided by vegetation increased, the ecosystem services provided by water resources decreased, and the total service decreased by 6.89E+17 sej. (2) The relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services provided by water resources was of the "low-high" type. Dust purification was of the "high-high" type, and carbon sequestration and soil conservation were of the "high-low" type. (3) From the perspective of citizens, the matching degrees of the supply and demand of dust purification and soil conservation services were 21.75% and 9.38% higher than those of farmers, respectively. From the perspective of farmers, the matching degrees of the supply and demand of water supply, water purification, power supply and sediment transport, and carbon sequestration were 9.90%, 10.96%, 3.22%, and 18.28% higher than those of citizens, respectively. In summary, attention should be given to the efficient use and conservation of water resources and the promotion of the coordinated development of ecosystem services by comparing the differences in matching degrees of supply and demand among different stakeholders when constructing plantations. Meanwhile, the distribution of water resources should be given attention to protect the water demand of citizens in a targeted manner for effectively improving the level of regional well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hejie Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaobin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Natural Resources Science and Technology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haili Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Belt and Road's Data Analysis and Decision Support, China Academy of the Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing 100024, China
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17
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Shukla A, Bunkar N, Kumar R, Bhargava A, Tiwari R, Chaudhury K, Goryacheva IY, Mishra PK. Air pollution associated epigenetic modifications: Transgenerational inheritance and underlying molecular mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:760-777. [PMID: 30530146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of deaths in Southeast Asian countries including India. Exposure to air pollutants affects vital cellular mechanisms and is intimately linked with the etiology of a number of chronic diseases. Earlier work from our laboratory has shown that airborne particulate matter disturbs the mitochondrial machinery and causes significant damage to the epigenome. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species possess the ability to trigger redox-sensitive signaling mechanisms and induce irreversible epigenomic changes. The electrophilic nature of reactive metabolites can directly result in deprotonation of cytosine at C-5 position or interfere with the DNA methyltransferases activity to cause alterations in DNA methylation. In addition, it also perturbs level of cellular metabolites critically involved in different epigenetic processes like acetylation and methylation of histone code and DNA hypo or hypermethylation. Interestingly, these modifications may persist through downstream generations and result in the transgenerational epigenomic inheritance. This phenomenon of subsequent transfer of epigenetic modifications is mainly associated with the germ cells and relies on the germline stability of the epigenetic states. Overall, the recent literature supports, and arguably strengthens, the contention that air pollution might contribute to transmission of epimutations from gametes to zygotes by involving mitochondrial DNA, parental allele imprinting, histone withholding and non-coding RNAs. However, larger prospective studies using innovative, integrated epigenome-wide metabolomic strategy are highly warranted to assess the air pollution induced transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and associated human health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushi Shukla
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Neha Bunkar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Irina Y Goryacheva
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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18
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Moretti S, Smets W, Hofman J, Mubiana KV, Oerlemans E, Vandenheuvel D, Samson R, Blust R, Lebeer S. Human inflammatory response of endotoxin affected by particulate matter-bound transition metals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 244:118-126. [PMID: 30326385 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial endotoxins are a component of particulate matter (PM) with anticipated health implications, yet we know little about how host reception of endotoxin through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is affected by its association with other PM components. Subsequently, we investigated the relationship between endotoxin concentration (recombinant Factor C (rFC) assay) and host recognition (HEK Blue-TLR4 NF-kB reporter cell line based assay) in various compositions of urban PM, including road traffic, industrial and urban green land use classes. While the assays did not correlate strongly between each other, the TLR4 reporter cell line was found to be better correlated to the IL-8 response of PM. Furthermore, the ability of the quantified endotoxin (rFC assay) to stimulate the TLR4/MD-2 complex was significantly affected by the urban land use class, where traffic locations were found to be significantly higher in bioactive endotoxin than the industrial and green locations. We subsequently turned our attention to PM composition and characterized the samples based on transition metal content (through ICP-MS). The effect of nickel and cobalt - previously reported to activate the hTLR4/MD-2 complex - was found to be negligible in comparison to that of iron. Here, the addition of iron as a factor significantly improved the regression model between the two endotoxin assays, explaining 77% of the variation of the TLR4 stimulation and excluding the significant effect of land use class. Moreover, the effect of iron proved to be more than a correlation, since dosing LPS with Fe2+ led to an increase up to 64% in TLR4 stimulation, while Fe2+ without LPS was unable to stimulate a response. This study shows that endotoxin quantification assays (such as the rFC assay) may not always correspond to human biological recognition of endotoxin in urban PM, while its toxicity can be synergistically influenced by the associated PM composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Moretti
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wenke Smets
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jelle Hofman
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kayawe Valentine Mubiana
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline Oerlemans
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roeland Samson
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology (ENdEMIC), Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Wang J, Zhang WJ, Xiong W, Lu WH, Zheng HY, Zhou X, Yuan J. PM 2.5 stimulated the release of cytokines from BEAS-2B cells through activation of IKK/NF- κB pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:311-320. [PMID: 30354488 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118802628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was related to pulmonary inflammatory diseases through activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway to trigger cytokine secretions in human lung carcinoma cells. To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying expression of cytokines via activated NF-κB by PM2.5, human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were treated with PM2.5 extracts at different concentrations (6, 13, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 µg mL-1) for 6 and 24 h. We found that 100 µg mL-1 PM2.5 increased interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 expression at 24 h (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Moreover, 100 µg mL-1 PM2.5 upregulated phosphorylated IκB kinase (IKK), p65, and IκBα at 6 h, which could be reversed by the IKK inhibitor Bay11-7082 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The p65 subunit of NF-κB was translocated into the nucleus of the cells treated with 100 µg mL-1 PM2.5 at 6 and 24 h. Bay11-7082 partly inhibited PM2.5-induced increases of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. The results indicated that PM2.5 extract increased IL-6 and IL-8 levels in BEAS-2B cells through activation of IKK/NF-κB pathway. Our study will contribute to better understanding of the mechanism of PM2.5-induced pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,2 The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - W J Zhang
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,2 The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - W Xiong
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,2 The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - W H Lu
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,2 The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Zheng
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,2 The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,2 The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Both authors have contributed equally to this work
| | - J Yuan
- 1 Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,2 The MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Both authors have contributed equally to this work
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20
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Wang B, Zhu Y, Pang Y, Xie J, Hao Y, Yan H, Li Z, Ye R. Indoor air pollution affects hypertension risk in rural women in Northern China by interfering with the uptake of metal elements: A preliminary cross-sectional study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:267-272. [PMID: 29747111 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coal combustion and passive smoking are two important contributors to indoor air pollution (IAP) in rural areas of northern China. Although the association between outdoor air pollutants and hypertension risk had been widely reported, fewer studies have examined the relationship between IAP and hypertension risk. This study evaluated the association between IAP and hypertension risk in housewives in rural areas of northern China and the potential mediation pathway of metal elements. Our cross-sectional study, conducted in Shanxi Province, China, enrolled 367 subjects without taking anti-hypertensive drugs, including 142 subjects with hypertension (case group) and 225 subjects without hypertension (control group). We collected information on energy use characteristics and lifestyle using questionnaires. An IAP exposure index was developed to indicate the population exposure to coal combustion and passive smoking. Scalp hair samples were collected from the housewives and various trace and major metal elements were measured. Our results revealed that the IAP index was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. A significant association between the IAP index and hypertension risk was found both without [odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) = 2.08 (1.30-3.31)] and with [OR (95% CI) = 2.52 (1.46-4.36)] adjustment for confounders. We also observed that the IAP index was positively correlated with the arsenic, lead, and rare earth element levels in hair samples, and negatively correlated with the levels of some other trace elements (i.e., chromium, cobalt, nickel, and tin) and alkaline earth elements (i.e., calcium, magnesium, and barium) with an overall p value of <0.01. We concluded that IAP may contribute to the development of hypertension in rural housewives in northern China, possibly by interfering with the uptake of metal elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yibing Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yiming Pang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongxiu Hao
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huina Yan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Rongwei Ye
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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21
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Fleischman R, Amiel R, Czerwinski J, Mayer A, Tartakovsky L. Buses retrofitting with diesel particle filters: Real-world fuel economy and roadworthiness test considerations. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 67:273-286. [PMID: 29778161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Retrofitting older vehicles with diesel particulate filter (DPF) is a cost-effective measure to quickly and efficiently reduce particulate matter emissions. This study experimentally analyzes real-world performance of buses retrofitted with CRT DPFs. 18 in-use Euro III technology urban and intercity buses were investigated for a period of 12months. The influence of the DPF and of the vehicle natural aging on buses fuel economy are analyzed and discussed. While the effect of natural deterioration is about 1.2%-1.3%, DPF contribution to fuel economy penalty is found to be 0.6% to 1.8%, depending on the bus type. DPF filtration efficiency is analyzed throughout the study and found to be in average 96% in the size range of 23-560nm. Four different load and non-load engine operating modes are investigated on their appropriateness for roadworthiness tests. High idle is found to be the most suitable regime for PN diagnostics considering particle number filtration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fleischman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ran Amiel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Jan Czerwinski
- Labs for IC-Engines & Exhaust Emission Control (AFHB), Berne University of Applied Sciences, Biel, Switzerland
| | | | - Leonid Tartakovsky
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.
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Wang J, Huang J, Wang L, Chen C, Yang D, Jin M, Bai C, Song Y. Urban particulate matter triggers lung inflammation via the ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4398-4412. [PMID: 29268509 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Particulate matter (PM) is a high risk factor for various respiratory diseases and triggers an inflammatory response in lung tissues. However, the molecular mechanism of the PM-induced inflammatory response is incompletely understood. Methods Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were treated with the urban PM 1649b for assessment of the inflammatory response. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry. PM-activated signaling pathways were addressed with specific inhibitors. In vivo, the C57 mice model of PM-induced acute lung inflammation was established with intratracheal instillation of PM for 2 consecutive days. The oxidant stress in lung tissues was assessed with dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. The histopathologic changes in lung tissues and number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BALF was measured by ELISA. Results PM increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in a dose-dependent manner. ROS generation and activation of MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK) and NF-κB pathways were detected in PM-exposed HBECs. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) led to the inflammatory response, ROS level and activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways to be attenuated. Blockade of ERK, JNK or p38 MAPK pathway with specific inhibitor prevented the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, PM exposure increased oxidant stress in lung tissues, infiltration of inflammatory cells around PM in lung tissues, the number of total cells and inflammatory cells in BALF, and the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-9 in BALF, all of which were reversed partially upon NAC treatment. Conclusions PM exposure enhanced the airway inflammatory response significantly through ROS-mediated activation of MAPK (ERK, JNK, p38 MAPK) and downstream NF-κB signaling pathways. Oxidative stress appeared to be the key regulator for PM-induced lung inflammation. These results suggested the molecular mechanism of lung inflammation caused by PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
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