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Generalić Mekinić I, Politeo O, Ljubenkov I, Mastelić L, Popović M, Veršić Bratinčević M, Šimat V, Radman S, Skroza D, Ninčević Runjić T, Runjić M, Dumičić G, Urlić B. The alphabet of sea fennel: Comprehensive phytochemical characterisation of Croatian populations of Crithmum maritimum L. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101386. [PMID: 38681233 PMCID: PMC11052897 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme environmental conditions affect the synthesis and accumulation of bioactive metabolites in halophytic plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and quantity of key health-promoting phytochemicals in Croatian sea fennel, one of the most popular Mediterranean halophytes with a wide range of uses. The EOs were characterised by a high content of limonene (up to 93%), while the fatty acid profile shows a low content of oleic acid and the presence of valuable linoleic acid (ω-6) and linolenic acid (ω-3) in high percentages. The dominances of lutein and α-tocopherol were also confirmed in all samples. The results confirm the great variability in the chemistry of sea fennel populations in the Mediterranean region, with significant differences in the composition of the Croatian samples compared to the others, as well as the presence and high concentrations of the analysed bioactive compounds that contribute to the plant's health-promoting attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Generalić Mekinić
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Olivera Politeo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivica Ljubenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Linda Mastelić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Split, R. Boškovića 33, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marijana Popović
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Veršić Bratinčević
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Vida Šimat
- Department of Marine Studies, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 37, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Sanja Radman
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Danijela Skroza
- Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Tonka Ninčević Runjić
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Runjić
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Gvozden Dumičić
- Department of Plant Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Branimir Urlić
- Department of Applied Science, Institute for Adriatic Crops and Karst Reclamation, Put Duilova 11, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
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Ramírez E, Rodríguez N, de la Fuente V. Arthrocnemum Moq.: Unlocking Opportunities for Biosaline Agriculture and Improved Human Nutrition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38498449 PMCID: PMC10892625 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study provides novel insights into the elemental content and biomineralization processes of two halophytic species of the genus Arthrocnemum Moq. (A. macrostachyum and A. meridionale). (2) Methods: Elemental content was analyzed using ICP-MS, while biominerals were detected through electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and X-ray diffraction. (3) Results: The elemental content showed significant concentrations of macronutrients (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) and micronutrients, especially iron. Iron was consistently found as ferritin in A. macrostachyum chloroplasts. Notably, A. macrostachyum populations from the Center of the Iberian Peninsula exhibited exceptionally high magnesium content, with values that exceeded 40,000 mg/kg d.w. Succulent stems showed elemental content consistent with the minerals identified through X-ray diffraction analysis (halite, sylvite, natroxalate, and glushinskite). Seed analysis revealed elevated levels of macro- and micronutrients and the absence of heavy metals. Additionally, the presence of reduced sodium chloride crystals in the seed edges suggested a mechanism to mitigate potential sodium toxicity. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of Arthrocnemum species as emerging edible halophytes with nutritional properties, particularly in Western European Mediterranean territories and North Africa. They offer promising prospects for biosaline agriculture and biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vicenta de la Fuente
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
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Sánchez Gavilán I, Velázquez Ybarzabal D, de la Fuente V, Cámara RM, Sánchez-Mata MC, Cámara M. Valorization of Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve Young Shoots in Healthy and Sustainable Diets. Nutrients 2024; 16:358. [PMID: 38337643 PMCID: PMC10857085 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The revalorization of natural resources in food production is increasing, and the effect of climate change is negatively affecting the production of conventional crops. In recent years, edible halophytes have received more attention due to their ability to tolerate a wide range of salinities. Thus, the use of halophytes that require less water and are strongly adapted to high-salinity soil and coastal areas can provide sustainable agriculture in certain areas. In addition, there is growing interest in the study of the possibilities that these species offer as foods due to their excellent nutritional profile and antioxidant properties. For that reason, the exploitation of plants adapted to these areas is nowadays even more important than in the past to guarantee food security in arid or semiarid salinized territories. The available data about the nutrients and bioactive compounds composition of many non-cultivated edible vegetables traditionally used in the Mediterranean area, such as Salicornia edible young shoots, are still scarce. With the aim of improving the knowledge on their nutritional value, the present study provides new data about the content of some compounds with biological activity, such as fiber and organic acids, in eight samples of young shoots of S. patula Duval-Jouve gathered in great mainland and coastal salt marshes in Southwest and Central Spain. Results showed that this vegetable can be considered a healthy food and a very good source of dietary fiber (4.81-6.30 g/100 g fw total fiber). Its organic acid profile showed oxalic, malic, citric and succinic acids. Oxalic acid was the major one, with mean values of 0.151-1.691 g/100 g fw. From the results obtained in this study, S. patula shoots could be recommended as an alternative source of fiber for healthy and sustainable diets in the general adult population with no risk of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez Gavilán
- Departamento Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.G.); (V.d.l.F.)
| | - Daniela Velázquez Ybarzabal
- Departamento Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.V.Y.); (R.M.C.); (M.C.S.-M.)
| | - Vicenta de la Fuente
- Departamento Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (I.S.G.); (V.d.l.F.)
| | - Rosa M. Cámara
- Departamento Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.V.Y.); (R.M.C.); (M.C.S.-M.)
| | - María Cortes Sánchez-Mata
- Departamento Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.V.Y.); (R.M.C.); (M.C.S.-M.)
| | - Montaña Cámara
- Departamento Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.V.Y.); (R.M.C.); (M.C.S.-M.)
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Pereira CG, Neng NR, Custódio L. From Threat to Opportunity: Harnessing the Invasive Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br for Nutritional and Phytotherapeutic Valorization Amid Seasonal and Spatial Variability. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:436. [PMID: 37623717 PMCID: PMC10456270 DOI: 10.3390/md21080436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br. (Hottentot-fig) is a problematic invasive species found in coastal areas worldwide. Mechanical removal is a common control method, leaving the removed biomass available as a possible source of natural phytochemicals with prospective commercial applications. While the Hottentot-fig's vegetative organs have been studied previously, this work establishes for the first time a seasonal and spatial comparative analysis of its nutritional, chemical, and bioactivity profiles (in three locations over four seasons). Proximate and mineral contents were assessed, along with its phenolic composition and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hottentot-fig's biomass offered a good supply of nutrients, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and minerals, with a tendency for higher concentrations of the most relevant minerals and proteins in autumn and winter, and in plants from sites A (Ria de Alvor lagoon) and B (Ancão beach). The extracts were rich in polyphenolics, with higher levels in spring and summer, especially for luteolin-7-O-glucoside and salicylic and coumaric acids. The extracts were also effective antioxidants, with stronger radical scavenging activities in spring and summer, along with anti-inflammatory properties. Our results suggest that the usually discarded plant material of this invasive halophyte could be valuable as a source of natural products with potential biotechnological applications in the food and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Guerreiro Pereira
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Nuno R. Neng
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Campus Universitário, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luísa Custódio
- Centre of Marine Sciences CCMAR, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
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Oliveira-Alves SC, Andrade F, Sousa J, Bento-Silva A, Duarte B, Caçador I, Salazar M, Mecha E, Serra AT, Bronze MR. Soilless Cultivated Halophyte Plants: Volatile, Nutritional, Phytochemical, and Biological Differences. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1161. [PMID: 37371891 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of halophyte plants appears as a potential solution for degraded soil, food safety, freshwater scarcity, and coastal area utilization. These plants have been considered an alternative crop soilless agriculture for sustainable use of natural resources. There are few studies carried out with cultivated halophytes using a soilless cultivation system (SCS) that report their nutraceutical value, as well as their benefits on human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate and correlate the nutritional composition, volatile profile, phytochemical content, and biological activities of seven halophyte species cultivated using a SCS (Disphyma crassifolium L., Crithmum maritimum L., Inula crithmoides L., Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., Salicornia ramosissima J. Woods, and Sarcocornia fruticosa (Mill.) A. J. Scott.). Among these species, results showed that S. fruticosa had a higher content in protein (4.44 g/100 g FW), ash (5.70 g/100 g FW), salt (2.80 g/100 g FW), chloride (4.84 g/100 g FW), minerals (Na, K, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu), total phenolics (0.33 mg GAE/g FW), and antioxidant activity (8.17 µmol TEAC/g FW). Regarding the phenolic classes, S. fruticosa and M. nodiflorum were predominant in the flavonoids, while M. crystallinum, C. maritimum, and S. ramosissima were in the phenolic acids. Moreover, S. fruticosa, S. ramosissima, M. nodiflorum, M. crystallinum, and I. crithmoides showed ACE-inhibitory activity, an important target control for hypertension. Concerning the volatile profile, C. maritimum, I. crithmoides, and D. crassifolium were abundant in terpenes and esters, while M. nodiflorum, S. fruticosa, and M. crystallinum were richer in alcohols and aldehydes, and S. ramosissima was richer in aldehydes. Considering the environmental and sustainable roles of cultivated halophytes using a SCS, these results indicate that these species could be considered an alternative to conventional table salt, due to their added nutritional and phytochemical composition, with potential contribution for the antioxidant and anti-hypertensive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila C Oliveira-Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fábio Andrade
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Andreia Bento-Silva
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET-Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Salazar
- Riafresh, Sítio do Besouro, CX 547-B, 8005-421 Faro, Portugal
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Elsa Mecha
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Bronze
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- ITQB-NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gheraissa N, Chemsa AE, Cherrada N, Erol E, Elsharkawy ER, Ghemam-Amara D, Zeghoud S, Rebiai A, Messaoudi M, Sawicka B, Atanassova M, Abdel-Kader MS. Biochemical Profile and In Vitro Therapeutic Properties of Two Euhalophytes, Halocnemum strobilaceum Pall. and Suaeda fruticosa (L.) Forske., Grown in the Sabkha Ecosystem in the Algerian Sahara. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083580. [PMID: 37110814 PMCID: PMC10141351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the biochemical profile and in vitro biological activities of the aerial part of two shrubs: Halocnemum strobilaceum and Suaeda fruticosa, a halophytes species native to saline habitats. The biomass was evaluated by determining its physiological properties and approximate composition. Hydro-methanolic extracts from Halocnemum strobilaceum and Suaeda fruticosa have been investigated for the inhibition of bacterial growth, the protection of proteins (albumin) from denaturation, and cytotoxicity to hepatocellular carcinomas (Huh-7 and HepG2). Their antioxidant activity was evaluated by five tests, including one that examined their ability to inhibit hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced hemolysis. The profile of their phenolic compounds was also determined. These two euhalophytes had a high moisture content, high levels of photosynthetic pigments, elevated levels of ash and protein, low oxidative damage indices, MDA (Malondialdehyde) and proline, and low lipids levels. Their content was also characterized by a moderate acidity with good electrical conductivity. They contained abundant levels of phytochemicals and varied phenolic contents. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and quercetin in both plant extracts. On the pharmaceutical level, the two euhalophytes had anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties, and therefore it was recommended to isolate and identify biologically active compounds from these plants and evaluate them in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Gheraissa
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Elkhalifa Chemsa
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Nezar Cherrada
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Application of Biotechnology in Agriculture, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Ebru Erol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul 34093, Türkiye
| | - Eman Ramadan Elsharkawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 73213, Saudi Arabia
| | - Djilani Ghemam-Amara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Life, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biology, Environment and Health, El Oued University, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Soumeia Zeghoud
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Rebiai
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Messaoudi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued 39000, Algeria
- Nuclear Research Centre of Birine, Ain Oussera 17200, Algeria
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria Atanassova
- Nutritional Scientific Consulting, Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metalurgy, 1734 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maged S Abdel-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21215, Egypt
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Ramírez E, Chaâbene Z, Hernández-Apaolaza L, Rekik M, Elleuch A, de la Fuente V. Seed priming to optimize germination in Arthrocnemum Moq. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:527. [PMID: 36376813 PMCID: PMC9661790 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed germination and seedling growth constitute the first stage of a plant's life cycle for crop establishment. Arthrocnemum Moq. is a halophyte of the subfamily Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae), which could be recognized in the foreseeable future as an emerging candidate in applied biosaline agricultural programs, mainly due to the large biomass it represents in coastal and inland saltmarshes, in addition to its interesting nutritional and pharmacological properties. However, to ensure their subsequent use as a crop, it is necessary to optimize their germination through appropriate seed priming treatments. The main goal of this work was to seek the optimization of Arthrocnemum germination process using different pretreatments: exposure to sodium chloride (100 to 1200 mM) in the dark and its subsequent transferred to distilled water separately and together with the combination of pH (5, 7, 9), salinity (0, 100, 200 mM NaCl), and iron conditions (0, 200, 400 µM FeSO4). The experiments were tested on six samples of two different species: A. meridionale (from Tunisia) and A. macrostachyum (from Spain). RESULTS Salinity priming of seeds for 15 days in darkness improved germination percentages by almost 25% at 600 mM NaCl, in both Tunisian and Spanish species. However, keeping seeds at different salt concentrations for 30 days produced higher improvement percentages at lower concentrations in A. meridionale (100-200 mM NaCl), while in A. macrostachyum the highest improvement percentages were obtained at 600 mM NaCl (percentage improvement of 47%). When the dark time period is reduced to 5 days at higher salt concentrations, the greater germination percentages were reached in all the samples at the concentration of 800 mM NaCl, increasing the improvement of germination between 17 and 50%. Finally, the conditions of pH = 7, pretreatment in darkness at 800 mM NaCl and 400 µM or iron, turned out to be an effective medium for seed germination. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, before using Arthrocnemum seeds in applied biotechnological programs, a seed priming treatment based on prior exposure to high salt concentrations (600-1000 mM NaCl) is recommended in order to maximize germination percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ramírez
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Zayneb Chaâbene
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Lourdes Hernández-Apaolaza
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Mariem Rekik
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Amine Elleuch
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Vicenta de la Fuente
- Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
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Zaier MM, Heleno SA, Mandim F, Calhelha RC, Ferreira IC, Achour L, Kacem A, Dias MI, Barros L. Effects of the seasonal variation in the phytochemical composition and bioactivities of the wild halophyte Suaeda fruticosa. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bouteraa MT, Mishra A, Romdhane WB, Hsouna AB, Siddique KHM, Saad RB. Bio-Stimulating Effect of Natural Polysaccharides from Lobularia maritima on Durum Wheat Seedlings: Improved Plant Growth, Salt Stress Tolerance by Modulating Biochemical Responses and Ion Homeostasis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1991. [PMID: 35956469 PMCID: PMC9370194 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivities of polysaccharides derived from halophyte plants have gained attention in recent years. The use of biostimulants in agriculture is an innovative method of dealing with environmental stressors affecting plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the use of natural polysaccharides derived from the halophyte plant Lobularia maritima (PSLm) as a biostimulant in durum wheat seedlings under salt stress. Treatment with polysaccharide extract (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL PSLm) stimulated in vitro wheat growth, including germination, shoot length, root length, and fresh weight. PSLm at 2 mg/mL provided tolerance to plants against NaCl stress with improved membrane stability and low electrolyte leakage, increased antioxidant activities (catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), enhanced leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, proline, and total sugar contents, decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (H2O2) levels, and coordinated the efflux and compartmentation of intracellular ions. The expression profile analyses of ten stress-related genes (NHX1, HKT1.4, SOS1, SOD, CAT, GA20-ox1, GA3-ox1, NRT1.1, NRT2.1, and GS) using RT-qPCR revealed the induction of several key genes in durum wheat growing in media supplemented with PSLm extract, even in unstressed conditions that could be related to the observed tolerance. This study revealed that PSLm extract contributes to salt tolerance in durum wheat seedlings, thereby enhancing their reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, and provided evidence for exploring PSLm as a plant biostimulant for sustainable and organic agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Avinash Mishra
- CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India;
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
- Departments of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
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Ibraheem F, Al-Zahrani A, Mosa A. Physiological Adaptation of Three Wild Halophytic Suaeda Species: Salt Tolerance Strategies and Metal Accumulation Capacity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040537. [PMID: 35214869 PMCID: PMC8877964 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes is critical for improving the world's agriculture under climate change scenarios. Herein, the physiological and metabolic responses of Suaeda monoica, Suaeda vermiculata, and Suaeda schimperi against abiotic stress in their natural saline environment on the east coast of the Red Sea were investigated. The tested species are exposed to different levels of salinity along with elemental disorders, including deficiency in essential nutrients (N&P in particular) and/or elevated levels of potentially toxic elements. The tested species employed common and species-specific tolerance mechanisms that are driven by the level of salinity and the genetic constitution of Suaeda species. These mechanisms include: (i) utilization of inorganic elements as cheap osmotica (Na+ in particular), (ii) lowering C/N ratio (S. monoica and S. schimperi) that benefits growth priority, (iii) efficient utilization of low soil N (S. vermiculata) that ensures survival priority, (v) biosynthesis of betacyanin (S. schimperi and S. vermiculata) and (vi) downregulation of overall metabolism (S. vermiculata) to avoid oxidative stress. Based on their cellular metal accumulation, S. monoica is an efficient phytoextractor of Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn, whereas S. vermiculata is a hyper-accumulator of Hg and Pb. S. schimperi is an effective phytoextractor of Fe, Hg, and Cr. These results highlight the significance of Suaeda species as a promising model halophyte and as phytoremediators of their hostile environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farag Ibraheem
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Al Qunfodah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfodah 21912, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (F.I.); (A.M.)
| | - Ateeq Al-Zahrani
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Al Qunfodah University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Qunfodah 21912, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed Mosa
- Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (F.I.); (A.M.)
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Extraction and Quantification of Chlorophylls, Carotenoids, Phenolic Compounds, and Vitamins from Halophyte Biomasses. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Halophytes are salt-tolerant plants, and they have been utilised as healthy, nutritious vegetables and medicinal herbs. Various studies have shown halophytes to be rich in health-beneficial compounds with antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxic properties. Despite their potential, these plants are still underutilised in agriculture and industrial applications. This review includes the state-of-the-art literature concerning the contents of proanthocyanidins (also known as condensed tannins), total phenolic compounds, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and vitamins in various halophyte biomasses. Various extraction and analytical methods are also considered. The study shows that various species have exhibited potential for use not only as novel food products but also in the production of nutraceuticals and as ingredients for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
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Sánchez-Gavilán I, Ramírez Chueca E, de la Fuente García V. Bioactive Compounds in Sarcocornia and Arthrocnemum, Two Wild Halophilic Genera from the Iberian Peninsula. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102218. [PMID: 34686026 PMCID: PMC8538410 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: this study describes bioactive compounds in the following halophytes: Sarcocornia (S. alpini, S. pruinosa, and S. perennis) and Arthrocnemum (A. macrostachyum). The material comes from: coastal marshes in Tinto River, Guadiana River, and some interior provinces from the Iberian Peninsula. (2) Methods: the techniques used were Folin–Ciocalteu, GC-MS, and ESI-MS/MS. (3) Results: Five phenolic acids were found in Sarcocornia: trans-cinnamic, salicylic, veratric, coumaric, and caffeic acids. In addition, in Arthronemum, ferulic acid was also detected. The obtained flavonoids were cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, dihydroquercetin, and p-coumaroyl-glucoside. They also presented fatty acids, such as palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids in Sarcocornia, while palmitic, linolenic, and stearic acids were the main fatty acids in A. macrostachyum. (4) Conclusions: the high diversity of the compounds identified confirms the relation between nutritional interest and salt tolerance in halophytes.
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Fatty Acid Profile, Lipid Quality and Squalene Content of Teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) and Amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) Varieties from Ethiopia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Teff and amaranth are gluten-free cereals with significant nutritional and health benefits. However, they are underutilized and known in limited areas of the world. The present study evaluated the fatty acid profile, crude fat, squalene content and lipid quality of seven teff (Eragrostis teff (Zucc.) Trotter) and three amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.) varieties from Ethiopia. The fat content ranged from 2.92 to 3.34% (averaging 3.06%) and from 8.28 to 9.21% (averaging 8.6%) for teff and amaranth, respectively. Linoleic, oleic and palmitic acid were predominant in both teff and amaranth, accounting for approximately 89 and 85% of total fatty acid content, respectively. The saturated to unsaturated fatty acids ratio ranged from 0.30 to 0.32 in teff and from 0.38 to 0.40 in amaranth. The parameters used to describe lipid quality, i.e., thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indices, show that teff was superior over amaranth, suggesting a preference for the former for healthy food formulation. The squalene content of white amaranth (486.54 mg/100 g DM) was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties (327.54 and 340.81 mg/100 g DM for red and brown amaranth, respectively). In general, both gluten-free crops should be exploited for their potential as ingredients for the development of novel functional foods.
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Bioactive Compounds in Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve: A Mediterranean Edible Euhalophyte. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020410. [PMID: 33673201 PMCID: PMC7918731 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many halophytes have great nutritional and functional potential, providing chemical compounds with biological properties. Salicornia patula Duval-Jouve is a common euhalophyte from saline Mediterranean territories (Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy). In the present work we quantified for the first time the bioactive compounds in S. patula (total phenolic compounds and fatty acids), from Iberian Peninsula localities: littoral-coastal Tinto River basin areas (southwest Spain, the Huelva province), and mainland continental territories (northwest and central Spain, the Valladolid and Madrid provinces). Five phenolic acids including caffeic, coumaric, veratric, salicylic, and transcinnamic have been found with differences between mainland and coastal saltmarshes. S. patula contain four flavonoids: quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol/luteolin, apigenin 7-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside. These last two glycosylated compounds are described for the first time in this genus of Chenopodiaceae. The fatty acid profile described in S. patula stems contains palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids in high concentrations, while stearic and long-chain fatty acids were detected in low amounts. These new findings confirm that S. patula is a valuable source of bioactive compounds from Mediterranean area.
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Aqueous extract of fresh leaves from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze: chemical evaluation and antimycobacterial and anticandidal activities. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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