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Elhadad N, de Campos Zani SC, Chan CB, Wu J. Ovalbumin Hydrolysates Enhance Skeletal Muscle Insulin-Dependent Signaling Pathway in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15248-15255. [PMID: 38940702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Egg white hydrolysates (EWH) and ovotransferrin-derived peptides have distinct beneficial effects on glucose metabolism. This research aims to investigate whether ovalbumin hydrolysates (OVAHs), without ovotransferrin can improve insulin signaling pathway in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Two types of ovalbumin hydrolysates were produced, either using thermoase (OVAT), or thermoase + pepsin (OVATP). Both OVAHs-supplemented groups exhibited lower body weight gain (P < 0.001) and enhanced oral glucose tolerance (P < 0.05) compared with HFD. Moreover, diet supplementation with either hydrolysate increased the insulin-stimulated activation of protein kinase B (AKT) and insulin receptor β (IRβ) (P < 0.0001) in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, OVAHs improved glucose tolerance and insulin-dependent signaling pathway in HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesma Elhadad
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2P5 Alberta, Canada
| | - S C de Campos Zani
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2H7 Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - C B Chan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2P5 Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2H7 Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2E1 Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G2P5 Alberta, Canada
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Chen J, Ji H, Luo J, Zhang D, Liu S. Two novel angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibiting peptides from tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin and their molecular docking mechanism. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3603-3617. [PMID: 38638071 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In the study, papain was used to hydrolyze tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) skin to obtain a tilapia skin hydrolysate (TSH) with dual angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. The resulting TSH was sequentially fractionated by ultrafiltration, size exclusion separation chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Its inhibitory effects on ACE and DPP-IV were determined by commercial reagent kits. Two peptides purified from TSH were identified as Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Ala-Leu (GPLGAL) and Lys-Pro-Ala-Gly-Asn (KPAGN) by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GPLGAL on ACE and DPP-IV were 117.20 ± 1.69 and 187.10 ± 2.75 µM, respectively. IC50 of KPAGN on ACE and DPP-IV were 137.40 ± 2.33 and 259.20 ± 2.85 µM, respectively. The molecular simulation demonstrated that the binding affinities of GPLGAL to ACE and DPP-IV proteins were -8.5 and -7.4 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas those of KPAGN to ACE and DPP-IV proteins were -7.9 and -6.7 kcal/mol, respectively. GPLGAL interacted with 21 amino acid residues of the ACE active site, whereas KPAGN engaged with 19 amino acid residues. Additionally, GPLGAL interacted with 10 amino acid residues of the DPP-IV active site, whereas KPAGN engaged with 13 amino acid residues. The two peptides predominantly occupied the active sites of ACE (His513, Tyr523, and Ala354) and DPP-IV (Tyr662 and Arg125) through hydrogen bonding. This leads to the deactivation of ACE and DPP-IV. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Accelerate tilapia skin development and high-value utilization; provide foundation for preparing the peptides with dual ACE and DPP-IV inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of seafood, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of seafood, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
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Fan H, Shang N, Davidge ST, Wu J. Chicken Muscle-Derived ACE2-Upregulating Peptide VVHPKESF Reduces Blood Pressure Associated with the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR Axis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300524. [PMID: 38356052 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE This study aims to investigate the antihypertensive effect of four chicken muscle-derived angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzymes (ACE)-regulating peptides: Val-Arg-Pro (VRP, ACE inhibition), Leu-Lys-Tyr and Val-Arg-Tyr (LKY and VRY, ACE inhibition and ACE2 upregulation), and Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys-Glu-Ser-Phe (VVHPKESF [V-F], ACE2 upregulation) in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats (12-14 weeks old) are grouped: 1) untreated, 2) VRP, 3) LKY, 4) VRY, and 5) V-F. Blood pressure (BP) is monitored using implantable telemetry technology. Over 18-day oral administration of 15 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) per day, only peptide V-F significantly (p < 0.05) reduces BP, decreases circulating Ang II, and increases ACE2 and Ang (1-7) levels, and enhances aortic expressions of ACE2 and Mas receptor (MasR). Peptide V-F also attenuates vascular inflammation (TNFα, MCP-1, IL-1α, IL-15, and cyclooxygenase 2 [COX2]) and vascular oxidative stress (nitrotyrosine). The gastrointestinal (GI)-degraded fragment of peptide V-F, Val-Val-His-Pro-Lys (VVHPK), is also an ACE2-upregulating peptide. Peptides VRP, LKY, and VRY do not reduce BP, possibly due to low bioavailability or other unknown reasons. CONCLUSIONS Peptide V-F is the first ACE2-upregulating peptide, purified and fractionated from food proteins based on in vitro ACE2 upregulation, that reduces BP associated with the activation of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis; the N-terminal moiety VVHPK may be responsible for the antihypertensive effect of V-F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Nan Shang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R7, Canada
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Liao W, Cao X, Yu T, Lu K, Xia H, Wang S, Sun G, Yu EY. Egg white protein hydrolysate decreased blood pressure via the competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks in female spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:9936-9946. [PMID: 37859609 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies having reported the effects and mechanisms of antihypertensive peptides including peptides derived from egg white proteins, the role of peptides in a female hypertensive animal model is unknown. On the other hand, the role of epigenetic modulation by peptide treatment has rarely been investigated. This study sought to investigate the effect of egg white protein hydrolysate (EWH) in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as well as to explore the underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of the transcriptome and the profiles of non-coding RNAs. Young (12-14-week-old) female SHRs were orally administered 250 mg per kg body weight (low-dose) or 1000 mg per kg body weight (high-dose) EWH daily for 10 weeks. The blood pressure of the rats was monitored weekly. The mRNA and non-coding RNAs (miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA) in the aorta were profiled by the high-throughput RNA-seq technique. Differentially expressed (DE) RNAs in the aorta were identified for the construction of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks and key molecules were validated by qRT-PCR. The treatment of the high-dose EWH showed a significant effect on reducing blood pressure in female SHRs. Bioinformatic analyses revealed 813, 90, 347 and 869 DE-mRNAs, DE-miRNAs, DE-lncRNAs and DE-circRNAs, respectively. The CNTN5-LncRNA-XR_001835895.1-miR-384-5p was identified as the central network which was validated in the aorta and circulation of female SHRs. The results from this study demonstrated that the treatment with EWH reduced blood pressure via regulating the ceRNA networks in female SHRs, which provided novel insights into the mechanisms of food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Xinyi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Tingqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Kun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
| | - Evan Yiwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009.
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 210009
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de Campos Zani SC, Wang R, Veida-Silva H, Clugston RD, Yue JTY, Mori MA, Wu J, Chan CB. An Egg White-Derived Peptide Enhances Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Modulates Markers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese, Insulin Resistant Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020174. [PMID: 36837793 PMCID: PMC9965836 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, is a global health problem. Currently, no pharmacological treatment is approved for NAFLD. Natural health products, including bioactive peptides, are potential candidates to aid in the management of metabolic syndrome-related conditions, including insulin resistance and obesity. In this study, we hypothesized that an egg-white-derived bioactive peptide QAMPFRVTEQE (Peptide 2) would improve systemic and local white adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, thereby preventing high-fat diet-induced exacerbation of pathological features associated with NAFLD, such as lipid droplet size and number, inflammation, and hepatocyte hypertrophy in high-fat diet-fed mice. Similar to rosiglitazone, Peptide 2 supplementation improved systemic insulin resistance during the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and enhanced insulin signalling in white adipose tissue, modulating ex vivo lipolysis. In the liver, compared with high-fat diet fed animals, Peptide 2 supplemented animals presented decreased hepatic cholesterol accumulation (p < 0.05) and area of individual hepatic lipid droplet by around 50% (p = 0.09) and reduced hepatic inflammatory infiltration (p < 0.05) whereas rosiglitazone exacerbated steatosis. In conclusion, Peptide 2 supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and decreased hepatic steatosis, unlike the insulin-sensitizing drug rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepheny C. de Campos Zani
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Hellen Veida-Silva
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Robin D. Clugston
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jessica T. Y. Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Marcelo A. Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue biology, University of Campinas, Campinas P.O. Box 6109, Brazil
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Catherine B. Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-9964
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A review on mechanisms of action of bioactive peptides against glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dong J, Wang S, Yin X, Fang M, Gong Z, Wu Y. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effects of rice peptides. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chen H, Chen X, Chen X, Lin S, Cheng J, You L, Xiong C, Cai X, Wang S. New perspectives on fabrication of peptide-based nanomaterials in food industry: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Chávez-Ontiveros J, Reyes-Moreno C, Ramírez-Torres GI, Figueroa-Salcido OG, Arámburo-Gálvez JG, Montoya-Rodríguez A, Ontiveros N, Cuevas-Rodríguez EO. Extrusion Improves the Antihypertensive Potential of a Kabuli Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Protein Hydrolysate. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172562. [PMID: 36076750 PMCID: PMC9455076 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea hydrolysates could have antihypertensive potential, but there are no evaluations in vivo. Thus, the antihypertensive potential of a chickpea protein hydrolysate obtained before and after extrusion (a process that modifies protein digestibility) was evaluated. Protein precipitates were obtained from extruded and unextruded chickpea flours by isoelectric precipitation and hydrolyzed (α-amylase/pepsin/pancreatin). Chemical composition was determined (standard methods). ACE-I inhibition assays were carried out using a colorimetric test. For antihypertensive effect evaluations, spontaneously hypertensive rats (n = 8) received the treatments intragastrically (extruded or unextruded hydrolysate (1.2 g/kg), captopril (25 mg/kg), or water only). Fat, ash, and carbohydrate contents were lower in extruded chickpea flour (p < 0.05 versus unextruded). The protein content varied between protein precipitates (91.03%/78.66% unextruded/extruded (dry basis)) (p < 0.05). The hydrolysates’ IC50 values (mg/mL) were 0.2834 (unextruded)/0.3218 (extruded) (p > 0.05). All treatments lowered the blood pressure (p < 0.05 vs. water). The extruded hydrolysate showed a more potent antihypertensive effect than the unextruded one (p < 0.05), an effect similar to captopril (p > 0.05). The results suggest that protein extrusion can be used to generate protein hydrolysates with improved health benefits. The findings have implications for the design and production of functional foods that could help to prevent hypertension or serve as an adjunct in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanett Chávez-Ontiveros
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtémoc Reyes-Moreno
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
| | - Giovanni Isaí Ramírez-Torres
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80013, Mexico
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Mexico
| | - Oscar Gerardo Figueroa-Salcido
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Mexico
| | - Jesús Gilberto Arámburo-Gálvez
- Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Mexico
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Division of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Sonora, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico
| | - Alvaro Montoya-Rodríguez
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
| | - Noé Ontiveros
- Clinical and Research Laboratory (LACIUS, URS), Department of Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Sciences (DC-QB), Division of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.O.); (E.O.C.-R.)
| | - Edith Oliva Cuevas-Rodríguez
- Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.O.); (E.O.C.-R.)
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Khan MF, Kalyan G, Chakrabarty S, Mursaleen M. Hypertension: Constraining the Expression of ACE-II by Adopting Optimal Macronutrients Diet Predicted via Support Vector Machine. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142794. [PMID: 35889751 PMCID: PMC9318145 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent elevation of cases infected from novel COVID-19 has placed the human life in trepidation mode, especially for those suffering from comorbidities. Most of the studies in the last few months have undeniably raised concerns for hypertensive patients that face greater risk of fatality from COVID-19. Furthermore, one of the recent WHO reports has estimated a total of 1.13 billion people are at a risk of hypertension of which two-thirds live in low and middle income countries. The gradual escalation of the hypertension problem andthe sudden rise of COVID-19 cases have placed an increasingly higher number of human lives at risk in low and middle income countries. To lower the risk of hypertension, most physicians recommend drugs that have angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. However, prolonged use of such drugs is not recommended due to metabolic risks and the increase in the expression of ACE-II which could facilitate COVID-19 infection. In contrast, the intake of optimal macronutrients is one of the possible alternatives to naturally control hypertension. In the present study, a nontrivial feature selection and machine learning algorithm is adopted to intelligently predict the food-derived antihypertensive peptide. The proposed idea of the paper lies in reducing the computational power while retaining the performance of the support vector machine (SVM) by estimating the dominant pattern in the features space through feature filtering. The proposed feature filtering algorithm has reported a trade-off performance by reducing the chances of Type I error, which is desirable when recommending a dietary food to patients suffering from hypertension. The maximum achievable accuracy of the best performing SVM models through feature selection are 86.17% and 85.61%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gazal Kalyan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA;
| | - Sohom Chakrabarty
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India;
| | - M. Mursaleen
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University (Taiwan), Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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11
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Pannangpetch P, Tangsucharit P, Thanaruksa R, Proongkhong T, Srisuwan S, Aekthammarat D. Antihypertensive effect of Mali-Nil surin rice bran hydrolysate and its mechanisms related to the EDHF-mediated vasorelaxation and L-type Ca 2+ channel-mediated vasoconstriction in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113003. [PMID: 35462340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mali-Nil Surin rice bran hydrolysate (MRH) contains highly nutritional proteins and beneficial phenolic compounds. This study investigated an antihypertensive effect of MRH and evaluated the mechanisms mediating this action in Nω-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. Antihypertensive activity was determined in male rats orally administered with MRH (100 or 300 mg/kg) or enalapril (15 mg/kg) daily together with L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water, for 21 days. Concurrent oral treatment with MRH lowered the high blood pressure in the L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. MRH treatment improved endothelial function and increased the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-mediated vasorelaxation in L-NAME hypertensive rats. L-NAME rats treated with MRH had reduced adrenergic hypercontractility, which was associated with a decrease in L-type calcium channel-mediated vasoconstriction. In addition, MRH exhibited antioxidant activity in hypertensive rats, as indicated by suppression of vascular superoxide anion production and reduction of malondialdehyde levels, as well as magnification of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in serum. This study demonstrated the nutraceutical potential of MRH to prevent oxidative stress-related vascular dysfunction in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchareewan Pannangpetch
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Panot Tangsucharit
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | | | | | - Supawadee Srisuwan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Direk Aekthammarat
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand.
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12
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Jahandideh F, Bourque SL, Wu J. A comprehensive review on the glucoregulatory properties of food-derived bioactive peptides. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100222. [PMID: 35498998 PMCID: PMC9039931 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, affects millions of people worldwide and is on the rise. Dietary proteins, from a wide range of food sources, are rich in bioactive peptides with antidiabetic properties. Notable examples include AGFAGDDAPR, a black tea-derived peptide, VRIRLLQRFNKRS, a β-conglycinin-derived peptide, and milk-derived peptide VPP, which have shown antidiabetic effects in diabetic rodent models through variety of pathways including improving beta-cells function, suppression of alpha-cells proliferation, inhibiting food intake, increasing portal cholecystokinin concentration, enhancing insulin signaling and glucose uptake, and ameliorating adipose tissue inflammation. Despite the immense research on glucoregulatory properties of bioactive peptides, incorporation of these bioactive peptides in functional foods or nutraceuticals is widely limited due to the existence of several challenges in the field of peptide research and commercialization. Ongoing research in this field, however, is fundamental to pave the road for this purpose.
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Key Words
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- Akt, Protein kinase B
- Bioactive peptides
- C/EBP-α, CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein alpha
- CCK, Cholecystokinin
- CCK-1R, CCK type 1 receptor
- DPP-IV, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV
- Diabetes mellitus
- ERK1/2, Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2
- GIP, Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide 1
- GLUT, Glucose transporter
- Glucose homeostasis
- IRS-1, Insulin receptor substrate-1
- Insulin resistance
- MAPK, Mitogen activated protein kinase
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PPARγ, Peroxisome proliferator associated receptor gamma
- Reproductive dysfunction
- TZD, Thiazolidinedione
- cGMP, cyclic guanosine-monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Stephane L Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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13
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Fan H, Liao W, Spaans F, Pasha M, Davidge ST, Wu J. Chicken muscle hydrolysate reduces blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, upregulates ACE2, and ameliorates vascular inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. J Food Sci 2022; 87:1292-1305. [PMID: 35166385 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spent hens are egg-laying chicken reaching the end of their egg-laying cycle and are seen as a by-product to the egg industry. A spent hen muscle protein hydrolysate prepared by food-grade thermoase PC10F (SPH-T) has previously shown antihypertensive potential. In the present work, we further investigated its antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats. There are three groups: untreated, low dose (250 mg SPH-T/kg/day body weight), and high dose (1,000 mg SPH-T/kg/day body weight). Oral administration of SPH-T over a period of 20 days reduced systolic blood pressure by 25.7 mm Hg (p < 0.001) and 11.9 mm Hg (p < 0.05), respectively, for the high- and low-dose groups. The high-dose treatment decreased the circulating level of angiotensin II (from 25.0 to 5.7 pg/ml) while increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (from 1.3 to 3.3 IU/ml) and angiotensin (1-7) (from 37.0 to 70.1 pg/ml) significantly (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the high-dose group doubled the aortic expression of ACE2 while reduced the expression of angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (by 35%). Circulating inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as well as vascular inflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were attenuated by ∼15%-50% by the treatment; nitrosative stress (35%) and type I collagen synthesis (50%) in the aorta were also attenuated significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, SPH-T possessed an umami taste (no obvious bitter taste) as analyzed by electronic tongue. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Hypertension is a global health concern, afflicting more than 20% of adults worldwide. Uncovering the antihypertensive effect of spent hen protein hydrolysate underpinned its functional food nutraceutical applications for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mazhar Pasha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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14
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Xie D, Shen Y, Su E, Du L, Xie J, Wei D. The effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide VGINYW and the hydrolysate of α-lactalbumin on blood pressure, oxidative stress and gut microbiota of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:2743-2755. [PMID: 35171185 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
VGINYW is a highly active angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide discovered from α-lactalbumin by an in vitro-in silico high throughput screening strategy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antihypertensive effect of the peptide and the α-lactalbumin hydrolysates under 3 kDa (LH-3k), and illustrate the possible mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were administered with VGINYW and LH-3k at doses of 5 mg per kg BW and 100 mg per kg BW, respectively. VGINYW and LH-3k could markedly decrease the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the SHRs, and the maximal drops of 21 mmHg (2 h after administration) and 17 mmHg (4 h after administration) were achieved during the 8 hour test, respectively. When the agents were given once per day for 4 weeks, they caused a long-term decrease of 16 mmHg of SBP. VGINYW and LH-3k control the blood pressure through regulating the renin-angiotensin system by inhibiting the ACE activity and diminishing the angiotensin II level, and further upregulating the expression levels of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin type 2 receptor, and downregulating the expression of the angiotensin type 1 receptor. VGINYW and LH-3k could notably ameliorate the oxidative stress in the SHR as well. It is more important that the gavage of VGINYW and LH-3k could alleviate hypertension-associated intestinal microbiota dysbiosis by recovering the diversity of the gut microbiota and altering the key floras which are short chain fatty acid producers. In conclusion, VGINYW and LH-3k are effective functional ingredients for blood pressure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yaling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Erzheng Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jingli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB), Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China. .,Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing (SCICB), Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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15
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Zhou N, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Du H, Wu J, Tu Y. Antioxidant Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Egg White Proteins and Their Derived Peptides: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5-20. [PMID: 34962122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the common pathological bases of chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, but most of the treatment drugs for chronic diseases have side effects. There is an increasing interest to identify food-derived bioactive compounds that can mitigate the pathological pathways associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Egg white contain a variety of biologically active proteins, many of which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and usually show better activity after enzymatic hydrolysis. This review covers the antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activities of egg white proteins and their derived peptides and clarifies their mechanism of action in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the link between oxidative stress and inflammation as well as their markers are reviewed. It suggests the potential application of egg white proteins and their derived peptides and puts forward further research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huaying Du
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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16
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Gazme B, Rezaei K, Udenigwe CC. Epitope mapping and the effects of various factors on the immunoreactivity of main allergens in egg white. Food Funct 2022; 13:38-51. [PMID: 34908097 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Egg white has high protein content and numerous biological/functional properties. However, reported allergenicity for some of the proteins in egg white is an issue that needs to be paid exclusive attention. A consideration of the structure of IgE epitopes and their sequences, as well as a comprehensive understanding of the effects of various processes on epitopes and the impact of the gastrointestinal tract on them, can help target such issues. The current study focuses on the identified IgE epitopes in egg white proteins and evaluation of the effects of the gastrointestinal digestion, carbohydrate moiety, food matrix, microbial fermentation, recombinant allergen, heat treatment, Maillard reaction and combination of various processes and gastrointestinal digestion on egg white allergenicity. Although the gastrointestinal tract reduces the immunoreactivity of native egg white proteins, some of the IgE epitope-containing fragments remain intact during the digestion process. It has been found that the gastrointestinal tract can have both positive and negative impacts on the IgE binding activities of egg white proteins. Elimination of the carbohydrate moiety leads to a reduction in the immunoreactivity of ovalbumin. But, such effects from the carbohydrate parts in the IgE binding activity need to be explored further. In addition, the interaction between the egg white proteins and the food matrix leads to various effects from the gastrointestinal tract on the digestion of egg white proteins and their subsequent immunoreactivity. Further on this matter, studies have shown that both microbial fermentation and Maillard reaction can reduce the IgE binding activities of egg white proteins. Also, as an alternate approach, the thermal process can be used to treat the egg white proteins, which may result in the reduction or increase in their IgE binding activities depending on the conditions used in the process. Overall, based on the reported data, the allergenicity levels of egg white proteins can be mitigated or escalated depending on the conditions applied in the processing of the food products containing egg white. So far, no practical solutions have been reported to eliminate such allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Gazme
- Department of Food Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran.
| | - Karamatollah Rezaei
- Department of Food Science, Engineering, and Technology, University of Tehran, 31587-77871 Karaj, Iran.
| | - Chibuike C Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, 415 Smyth Road, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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17
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Yu Z, Wang L, Wu S, Xue W, Zhao W, Li J. Potential mechanisms of the anti-hypertensive effects of RVPSL on spontaneously hypertensive rats using non-targeted serum metabolomics. Food Funct 2021; 12:8561-8569. [PMID: 34337639 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate potential mechanisms for the anti-hypertensive effects of RVPSL on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) using a non-targeted metabonomic approach. In this study, UPLC/MS-based non-targeted metabolomics was performed to discover metabolite variation of serum in SHRs with RVPSL treatment. As a result, the serum metabolites of SHRs that were administered RVPSL for four weeks exhibited distinct alterations. Nine potential biomarkers, i.e., choline, adenosine, adrenic acid, L-tryptophan, niacinamide, glycocholic acid, propiolic acid, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and phosphoglycolic acid, were significantly altered, which were mainly involved in lipid metabolism, vitamin and amino acid metabolism, purine metabolism, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the renin-angiotensin system. This study suggested that RVPSL potentially exerted potent effects of alleviating hypertension in the SHRs mainly via integrated regulations of metabolism and production of choline, L-tryptophan, nicotinamide, and adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Sijia Wu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P. R. China.
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18
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The Role of Bioactive Peptides in Diabetes and Obesity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092220. [PMID: 34574330 PMCID: PMC8469013 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are present in most soy products and eggs and have essential protective functions. Infection is a core feature of innate immunity that affects blood pressure and the glucose level, and ageing can be delayed by killing senescent cells. Food also encrypts bioactive peptides and protein sequences produced through proteolysis or food processing. Unique food protein fragments can improve human health and avoid metabolic diseases, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on drug targets and fundamental mechanisms of bioactive peptides on metabolic syndromes, namely obesity and type 2 diabetes, to provide new ideas and knowledge on the ability of bioactive peptide to control metabolic syndromes.
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19
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Jiang F, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhang B, Wang E, Liu J, Zhang T. Egg White-Derived Peptides QVPLW and LCAY Inhibit the Activity of Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Suppressing Its Recruitment into Lipid Rafts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10350-10357. [PMID: 34448567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a membrane protein, the activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) can be modulated via regulation of its localization in the cell membrane with food-derived peptides. This study aimed to explore the effect of egg white peptides on the cell membrane localization and activity of ACE in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. ACE activity was found to be related to lipid rafts by using methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). QVPLW and LCAY can inhibit ACE activity by preventing ACE recruitment into lipid rafts, with in situ IC50 values of 238.46 ± 11.35 μM and 31.55 ± 2.64 μM in the control groups, as well as 45.43 ± 6.15 μM and 34.63 ± 1.59 μM in the MβCD groups, respectively. QVPLW and LCAY may alter the cell membrane properties, including the fluidity, potential, and permeability, and eventually promote the transposition of ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Biying Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Erlei Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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20
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Sanlier N, Üstün D. Egg consumption and health effects: A narrative review. J Food Sci 2021; 86:4250-4261. [PMID: 34472102 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was planned and conducted to investigate the effects of egg consumption on metabolic syndrome components and potential mechanisms of action on humans. Egg, an important source of animal protein, is defined as a functional food containing various bioactive compounds that can affect the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways. As a matter of fact, the egg can show immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, or antihypertensive effects with its bioactive components. It is claimed that egg consumption may protect individuals against metabolic syndrome by increasing HDL-C levels and reducing inflammation. The increase in egg consumption creates the perception that it may lead to cardiovascular diseases due to its cholesterol content. However, there is insufficient evidence as to whether dietary cholesterol-lowers LDL-C. The possible potential mechanisms of egg impact on human health, MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and selected websites including) and databases were examined in this regard. With a view to delving into the rather mysterious relationship between egg cholesterol and blood cholesterol, it is necessary to understand the absorption of cholesterol from the egg and to know the functioning of the intestinal microbiota. Studies conducted to date have generally yielded inconsistent results regarding egg consumption and risks of CVD, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilara Üstün
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
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21
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Cui T, Jia A, Shi Y, Zhang M, Bai X, Liu X, Sun J, Liu C. Improved stability and transshipment of enzymatic hydrolysate with ACE inhibitory activity‐loaded nanogels based on glycosylated soybean protein isolate via the Maillard reaction. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Airong Jia
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Yaping Shi
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Miansong Zhang
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Xinfeng Bai
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Xue Liu
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
| | - Changheng Liu
- Biology Institute Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
- China‐Australia Joint Laboratory for Native Bioresource Industry Innovation Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan Shandong 250103 China
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22
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Miguel M, Vassallo DV, Wiggers GA. Bioactive Peptides and Hydrolysates from Egg Proteins as a New Tool for Protection Against Cardiovascular Problems. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3676-3683. [PMID: 32216734 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200327181458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to review the potential beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with bioactive egg protein hydrolysates or peptides on cardiometabolic changes associated with oxidative stress. The development of nutritionally improved food products designed to address specific health concerns is of particular interest because many bioactive food compounds can be potentially useful in various physiological functions such as for reducing oxidative stress. The results presented suggest that egg hydrolysates or derived peptides could be included in the diet to prevent and/or reduce some cardiometabolic complications associated with oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miguel
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación em Ciencias de la Alimentación, Nicolás Cabrera, 9, Campus Universitario de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dalton V Vassallo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo and School of Medicine of Santa Casa de Misericordia (EMESCAM), Av. Marechal Campos 1468, Zip Code: 29040-090, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Giulia A Wiggers
- Cardiovascular Physiology Research Group, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472 - Km 592 - PO box 118. Zip Code: 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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23
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Bhullar KS, Drews SJ, Wu J. Translating bioactive peptides for COVID-19 therapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173661. [PMID: 33098835 PMCID: PMC7577279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive-sense RNA virus. This virus has emerged as a threat to global health, social stability, and the global economy. This pandemic continues to cause rampant mortality worldwide with the dire urgency to develop novel therapeutic agents. To meet this task, this article discusses advances in the research and potential application of bioactive peptides for possible mitigation of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Growing insight into the molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed potential druggable targets for bioactive peptides. Bioactive peptides with unique amino acid sequences can mitigate such targets including, type II transmembrane serine proteases (TMPRSS2) inhibition, furin cleavage, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) members. Based on current evidence and structure-function analysis, multiple bioactive peptides present potency to neutralize the virus. To date, no SARS-CoV-2-explicit drug has been reported, but we here introduce bioactive peptides in the perspective of their potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushwant S Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Canadian Blood Services, Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Spent Hen Protein Hydrolysate with Good Gastrointestinal Stability and Permeability in Caco-2 Cells Shows Antihypertensive Activity in SHR. Foods 2020; 9:foods9101384. [PMID: 33019511 PMCID: PMC7601532 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent hens are a major byproduct of the egg industry but are rich in muscle proteins that can be enzymatically transformed into bioactive peptides. The present study aimed to develop a spent hen muscle protein hydrolysate (SPH) with antihypertensive activity. Spent hen muscle proteins were hydrolyzed by nine enzymes, either individually or in combination; 18 SPHs were assessed initially for their in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, and three SPHs, prepared by Protex 26L (SPH-26L), pepsin (SPH-P), and thermoase (SPH-T), showed promising activity and peptide yield. These three hydrolysates were further assessed for their angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) upregulating, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities; only SPH-T upregulated ACE2 expression, while all three SPHs showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. During simulated gastrointestinal digestion, ACE2 upregulating, ACE inhibitory and antioxidant activities of SPH-T were not affected, but those of SPH-26L and SPH-P were reduced. ACE inhibitory activity of gastrointestinal-digested SPH-T was not affected after the permeability study in Caco-2 cells, while ACE2 upregulating, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were improved; nine novel peptides with five–eight amino acid residues were identified from the Caco-2 permeate. Among these three hydrolysates, only SPH-T reduced blood pressure significantly when given orally at a daily dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight to spontaneously hypertensive rats. SPH-T can be developed into a promising functional food ingredient against hypertension, contributing to a more sustainable utilization for spent hens while generating extra revenue for the egg industry.
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Moreno-Fernández S, Garcés-Rimón M, Miguel M. Egg-derived peptides and hydrolysates: A new bioactive treasure for cardiometabolic diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Chakrabarti S, Ren J, Wu J. Phosvitin Derived Phospho-Peptides Show Better Osteogenic Potential than Intact Phosvitin in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblastic Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102998. [PMID: 33007855 PMCID: PMC7601474 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylated proteins from food sources have been investigated as regulators of bone formation with potential benefits in treating osteoporosis. Egg, a cheap and nutritious food, is also the source of various proteins and bioactive peptides with applications in human health. Egg yolk is rich in phosvitin, the most phosphorylated protein in nature. Phosvitin has been shown to improve bone health in experimental animals, although the molecular mechanisms and its specific effects on bone-forming osteoblastic cells are incompletely understood. Previous work in our group has identified pancreatin-generated phosvitin phospho-peptides (PPP) as a potential source for bioactive peptides. Given this background, we examined the roles of both phosvitin and PPP in the function of osteoblastic cells. Our results demonstrated their potential to improve bone health by promoting osteoblast differentiation and proliferation, suppressing osteoclast recruitment and the deposition of extracellular matrix, although PPP appeared to demonstrate superior osteogenic functions compared to phosvitin alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada; (S.C.); (J.R.)
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada
| | - Jiandong Ren
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada; (S.C.); (J.R.)
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada; (S.C.); (J.R.)
- Cardiovascular Research Centre and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-7804926885
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Emamat H, Totmaj AS, Tangestani H, Hekmatdoost A. The effect of egg and its derivatives on vascular function: A systematic review of interventional studies. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 39:15-21. [PMID: 32859309 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Atherosclerosis is one of the most important underlying causes of CVDs. Vascular dysfunction is the primary marker of atherosclerosis. Various studies have investigated the effect of egg intake on CVDs. This study aimed to determine the effect of egg and its derivatives consumption on vascular function. METHODS Using a comprehensive search strategy, the searching was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar search engines resources (from inception up to Feb 2020). Intended exposure and outcome were egg or its derivatives intake, and vascular function measuring methods, respectively. RESULTS A total of 35 papers were found through search databases. Finally, seven trials were included, which were published between 2005 and 2018. Results showed that acute and chronic consumption of whole eggs did not have a significant adverse effect on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Also, lutein-enriched egg yolk and egg ovalbumin-derived protein hydrolysate did not have significant positive effects on FMD and pulse wave velocity (PWV), respectively. However, one month egg-yolk-derived phospholipid (PL) preparation intervention increased FMD by 3.4% (p < 0.05), and replacing a portion of a glucose challenge with whole eggs or egg whites improved postprandial FMD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that consumption of whole egg, despite being rich in cholesterol, has no adverse effect on vascular function, and even some of egg derivatives may improve vascular function. Further research is needed to justify the potential effects of egg or its derivatives on vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Emamat
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Saneei Totmaj
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Liao W, Wu J. The ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis as an emerging target for antihypertensive peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2572-2586. [PMID: 32551837 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1781049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Food protein-derived bioactive peptides, particularly antihypertensive peptides, are important constituents of functional foods or nutraceuticals. Most antihypertensive are identified as the inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), a key enzyme responsible for the generation of angiotensin II (Ang II), which is a vasoconstricting peptide. Hence, ACE has long been used as a universal target to identify antihypertensive peptides. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is a homolog of ACE but uses Ang II as its key substrate to produce angiotensin (1-7), exerting vasodilatory activity via the mas receptor (MasR). Therefore, ACE2 functions in the opposite way as ACE and is an emerging novel target for cardiovascular therapy. The potential of food protein-derived bioactive peptides in targeting ACE2 has been rarely explored. While, recently we found that IRW, an egg white ovotransferrin-derived antihypertensive peptide, reduced blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis, indicating a new mechanism of food protein-derived bioactive peptides in reducing blood pressure. The objectives of this review are to summarize the functions of the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis and to examine its potential roles in the actions of food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides. The interaction between antihypertensive peptides and the ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Liu C, Liu J, Wang M, Zhang B, Wang E, Liu B, Zhang T. Construction and Application of Membrane-Bound Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme System: A New Approach for the Evaluation of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5723-5731. [PMID: 32338004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the plasma membrane on the activity of angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in the evaluation of food-derived ACE inhibitory peptides, although these peptides are commonly evaluated in the system with ACE in its free state. In this study, we constructed an in vitro membrane-bound ACE C domain system to simulate the presence of the plasma membrane. The resultant Km and Vmax suggested that the presence of the membrane reduced the affinity between ACE C domain and hippuryl-histidyl-leucine, while it increased the reaction velocity. The ACE inhibitory activity of four egg white peptides and five structurally modified peptides suggested that a moderate hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the peptide is beneficial for the improvement of their ACE inhibitory activity in a membrane-bound system. These results also indicated that the N terminal plays a significant role in the ACE inhibitory activity of peptides in the membrane-bound system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Manqiu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Biying Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Erlei Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, People's Republic of China
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30
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Fu W, Wang P, Wu H, Zhang Z, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Zheng B, Hu J. Antihypertensive effects of Trichiurus lepturus myosin hydrolysate in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:3645-3656. [PMID: 32296790 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02687h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the blood pressure-lowering effects of Trichiurus lepturus myosin hydrolysate (TMH) and its possible mechanism were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). After gavage administration of TMH for 4 h, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly decreased in SHRs. Furthermore, the SBP of SHRs remained low at 1 month after daily TMH treatment at 400 mg kg-1. Meanwhile, plasma levels of angiotensin II, bradykinin and nitric oxide in SHRs were ameliorated by TMH. Western blotting also suggested that TMH down-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, indicating a strong anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, nitrotyrosine and collagen I were down-regulated, revealing a significant anti-oxidant effect of TMH. No obvious side effects or toxicity were observed in normal Wistar rats given TMH. Various pathogenic factors related to hypertension were improved by TMH, which may explain the underlying mechanism by which TMH synergistically reduces blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Fu
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Peixin Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Hongqiang Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China
| | - Hongliang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen, Fujian 361100, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and China-Ireland International Cooperation Centre for Food Material Science and Structure Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China and College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China. and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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31
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Chen L, Liao W, Fang J, Qin S, Lu X, Wu J. Purification and identification of angiotensin II type I receptor downregulating peptide from egg white hydrolysate. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13220. [PMID: 32242960 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vasoconstricting effect of angiotensin II (Ang II) is mediated by Ang II type I receptor (AT1R); blocking or blunting AT1R is a key strategy for the development of antihypertensive drugs. Our previous study showed that the blood pressure lowering the activity of egg white hydrolysate (EWH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats was due to the downregulation of aortic AT1R expression, which promoted us to further identify the AT1R downregulating peptides in the present study. The protein expression of AT1R in a rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell line A7r5 cells was used for the activity test. The hydrolysate was fractionated stepwise by C18 Sep-Pack cartridge and reverse-phase chromatography, and the peptide sequences were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Peptides including ITKPNDVYS, VVGSAEAGVDAAS, AVHAAHAEINEAGRE, AGREVVGSAEAGVD, and VVGSAEAGVD, were identified. ITKPNDVYS showed the most potent peptide for lowering the level of AT1R in A7r5 cells. These results suggested that ITKPNDVYS is the responsible peptide for lowering the AT1R level in EWH. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: A new peptide ITKPNDVYS was identified as a downregulator of AT1R from egg white hydrolysate, which provides a new approach for the development of food protein-derived antihypertensive peptides as nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Si Qin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Lu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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32
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Jahandideh F, Wu J. Perspectives on the Potential Benefits of Antihypertensive Peptides towards Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2192. [PMID: 32235782 PMCID: PMC7139547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the regulation of blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) also plays a key role in the onset and development of insulin resistance, which is central to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Due to the interplay between RAS and insulin resistance, antihypertensive compounds may exert beneficial effects in the management of MetS. Food-derived bioactive peptides with RAS blocking properties can potentially improve adipose tissue dysfunction, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. This review discusses the pathophysiology of hypertension and the association between RAS and pathogenesis of the MetS. The effects of bioactive peptides with RAS modulating effects on other components of the MetS are discussed. While the in vivo reports on the effectiveness of antihypertensive peptides against MetS are encouraging, the exact mechanism by which these peptides infer their effects on glucose and lipid handling is mostly unknown. Therefore, careful design of experiments along with standardized physiological models to study the effect of antihypertensive peptides on insulin resistance and obesity could help to clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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33
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Kolahdouz-Mohammadi R, Malekahmadi M, Clayton ZS, Sadat SZ, Pahlavani N, Sikaroudi MK, Soltani S. Effect of Egg Consumption on Blood Pressure: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:24. [PMID: 32114646 PMCID: PMC7189334 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We identified and quantified the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the impact of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults. RECENT FINDINGS We conducted a comprehensive search of medical bibliographic databases up to February 2019 for RCTs investigating the effect of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults. Fifteen RCTs were included with a total of 748 participants. Overall, egg consumption had no significant effect on systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 0.046 mmHg; 95% CI - 0.792, 0.884) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD = - 0.603 mmHg; 95% CI - 1.521, 0.315). Subgroup analyses had no effect on pooled results and no heterogeneity was found among included studies. Egg consumption has no significant effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults. Due to several limitations among existing studies, general conclusions cannot be drawn regarding the beneficial or neutral impact of egg consumption on blood pressure in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kolahdouz-Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Seyede Zahra Sadat
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Soltani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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34
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Martínez-Sánchez SM, Gabaldón-Hernández JA, Montoro-García S. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms associated with the role of food-derived bioactive peptides in promoting cardiovascular health. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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35
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Lee DE, Jung TH, Jo YN, Yun SS, Han KS. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Egg White Protein Exerts a Hypotensive Effect in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:980-987. [PMID: 31950113 PMCID: PMC6949517 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the hypotensive effect of egg white
protein (EWP) hydrolysate (EWH) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The
hydrolysis of EWP was effectively performed with a combination of 0.5% bromelain
and 1% papain at 50°C for 60 min. The resulting hydrolysate did not
elicit an allergic reaction as confirmed by human mast cell activation test. The
systolic and diastolic blood pressures of the SHRs fed the EWH diet were
observed to be significantly or numerically lower than those of the other groups
during the experimental period of 28 d. EWH treatment significantly
(p<0.05) upregulated the nitric oxide levels in hCMEC/D3 cells and the
plasma of the SHRs compared to those in the control. Moreover, EWH ingestion
significantly (p<0.01) reduced the plasma angiotensin II level of the
SHRs compared with that in the control. In conclusion, beyond its basic
nutritional value, EWH prevents and manages hypertension, and thus can be an
invaluable resource for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Eon Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Jung
- Convergence Research Center, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Jo
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Sung-Seob Yun
- R&D Department, Bioprofoods Co. Ltd., Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sik Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea.,Convergence Research Center, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
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36
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Tianrui Z, Bingtong L, Ling Y, Liping S, Yongliang Z. ACE inhibitory activity in vitro and antihypertensive effect in vivo of LSGYGP and its transepithelial transport by Caco-2 cell monolayer. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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37
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Garcés-Rimón M, González C, Hernanz R, Herradón E, Martín A, Palacios R, Alonso MJ, Uranga JA, López-Miranda V, Miguel M. Egg white hydrolysates improve vascular damage in obese Zucker rats by its antioxidant properties. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13062. [PMID: 31571257 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) is related to increased risk of early death due to cardiovascular complications, among others. Dietary intervention has been suggested as the safest and most cost-effective alternative for treatment of those alterations in patients with MS. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different egg white hydrolysates (HEW1 and HEW2) in obese Zucker rats, focus on the development of cardiovascular complications. Blood pressure, heart rate, basal cardiac function and vascular reactivity in aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries were evaluated. Reactive oxygen species production by dihydroethidium-emitted fluorescence, NOX-1 mRNA levels by qRT-PCR, angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by fluorimetry and kidney histopathology were also analysed. Both hydrolysates improve the endothelial dysfunction occurring in resistance arteries. Additionally, HEW2 reduced vascular oxidative stress. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Egg white is a good source of bioactive peptides, some of them with high antioxidant activity. They may be used as functional foods ingredients and could serve as an alternative therapeutic option to decrease some Metabolic Syndrome-related complications. This study suggests that these hydrolysates could be an interesting non-pharmacological tool to control cardiovascular complications related to Metabolic Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina González
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Hernanz
- Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Herradón
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Martín
- Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Palacios
- Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Alonso
- Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Visitación López-Miranda
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Dpto, de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada I+D+i al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Liao W, Fan H, Liu P, Wu J. Identification of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) up-regulating peptides from pea protein hydrolysate. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Fan H, Wang J, Liao W, Jiang X, Wu J. Identification and Characterization of Gastrointestinal-Resistant Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides from Egg White Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7147-7156. [PMID: 31140270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Egg proteins are recognized as excellent sources of bioactive peptides, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEi) peptides. Oral administration of a thermolysin-digested egg white hydrolysate (T-EWH) caused a significant blood pressure reduction in spontaneously hypertensive rats; a further ACEi assay implied that its ACEi activity was enhanced after in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. These results indicated that T-EWH contained ACEi peptides resisting GI digestion and/or being further released during GI digestion. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify these responsible ACEi peptides from T-EWH. The conventionally activity-guided fractionation was applied, coupled with a synchronized GI digestion throughout, during which both peptide yield and ACEi activity before and after the GI digestion were measured. Finally, six ACEi peptides (LAPYK, LKISQ, LKYAT, INKVVR, LFLIKH, and LGHWVY) with good GI resistance were identified with IC50 values <20 μM, especially LKYAT (0.09 μM). The structure-activity relationship of these peptides was discussed. The discovery of GI-resistant ACEi peptides could further support the application of egg white proteins as functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Jiapei Wang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science , University of Alberta , 4-10 Ag/For Building, Edmonton , Alberta T6G 2P5 , Canada
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Egg white hydrolysate enhances insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant rats via Akt activation. Br J Nutr 2019; 122:14-24. [PMID: 30982477 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Agents that block the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) improve glucoregulation in the metabolic syndrome disorder. We evaluated the effects of egg white hydrolysate (EWH), previously shown to modulate the protein abundance of RAS component in vivo, on glucose homeostasis in diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks to induce insulin resistance. They were then randomly divided into four groups receiving HFD or HFD supplemented with different concentrations of EWH (1, 2 and 4 %) for another 6 weeks in the first trial. In the second trial, insulin-resistant rats were divided into two groups receiving only HFD or HFD+4 % EWH for 6 weeks. Glucose homeostasis was assessed by oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests. Insulin signalling and protein abundance of RAS components, gluconeogenesis enzymes and PPARγ were evaluated in muscle, fat and liver. Adipocyte morphology and inflammatory markers were evaluated. In vivo administration of EWH increased insulin sensitivity, improved oral glucose tolerance (P < 0·0001) and reduced systemic inflammation (P < 0·05). EWH potentiated insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation in muscle (P = 0·0341) and adipose tissue (P = 0·0276), but minimal differences in the protein abundance of tissue RAS components between the EWH and control groups were observed. EWH treatment also reduced adipocyte size (P = 0·0383) and increased PPARγ2 protein abundance (P = 0·0237). EWH treatment yielded positive effects on the inflammatory profile, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and adipocyte differentiation in HFD-induced insulin resistance rats. The involvement of local RAS activity requires further investigation.
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Preparation and Identification of Novel Antihypertensive Peptides from the In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion of Marine Cobia Skin Hydrolysates. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061351. [PMID: 31208053 PMCID: PMC6628374 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on cobia skin hydrolysates and their antihypertensive effects via the inhibitory activities of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Marine fish Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) skin was hydrolysed for 5 h using Protamex and Protease N to obtain the cobia skin protein hydrolysates PX-5 and PN-5, respectively. The soluble protein and peptide contents of the PX-5 were 612 and 270 mg/g, respectively, and for the PN-5, 531 and 400 mg/g, respectively. The IC50 of PX-5 and PN-5 on ACE was 0.221 and 0.291 mg/mL, respectively. Increasing the IC50 from 0.221 to 0.044 mg/mL by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (PX-5G) reduced the ACE-inhibitory capacity of PX-5. Using gel filtration chromatography, the PX-5G was fractioned into eight fractions. The molecular weight of the fifth fraction from PX-5G was between 630 and 450 Da, and the highest inhibitory efficiency ratio on ACE was 1552.4%/mg/mL. We identified four peptide sequences: Trp-Ala-Ala, Ala-Trp-Trp, Ile-Trp-Trp, and Trp-Leu, with IC50 values for ACE of 118.50, 9.40, 0.51, and 26.80 μM, respectively. At a dose of 600 mg PX-5 powder/kg body weight, in spontaneously hypertensive rats PX-5's antihypertensive effect significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 21.9 and 15.5 mm Hg, respectively, after 4 h of oral gavage.
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42
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Quan TH, Benjakul S. Production and characterisation of duck albumen hydrolysate using enzymatic process. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Hong Quan
- Department of Food Technology Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla90112Thailand
- Department of Food Technology Faculty of Applied Biology Sciences Vinh Long University of Technology Education Vinh Long 890000 Vietnam
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- Department of Food Technology Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla90112Thailand
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Venkatachalam K, Nagarajan M. Assessment of different proteases on degree of hydrolysis, functional properties and radical scavenging activities of salted duck egg white hydrolysate. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:3137-3144. [PMID: 31205368 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The impact of different proteases (alcalase, ficin, protamex, and neutrase) on the hydrolyzation, foaming and radical scavenging potency of salted duck egg white was studied. Egg white without protease hydrolyzation served as control. Regarding the degree of hydrolysis, neutrase and protamex were more capable of hydrolyzing duck egg white than the others. The α-amino nitrogen content in the egg whites was highly correlated with hydrolysis ability of the enzymes, and it had gradually increased with curing. Foam stability, capacity and emulsion stability were significantly influenced by proteases and curing period. However, the solubility of the egg white hydrolysate was not much affected by curing but showed significant differences between hydrolyzed and control samples. Emulsion stability of hydrolysate decreased with curing times. Neutrase and alcalase hydrolysates gave the best foaming and emulsion properties. Moreover, neutrase and protamex hydrolysates showed good scavenging potency against the DPPH radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous ion radicals. Overall, the hydrolysate from neutrase hydrolyzed duck egg white showed the highest foaming and radical scavenging capacities among the other hydrolysis treatments in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Venkatachalam
- 1Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Makhamtia, Muang, Surat Thani 84000 Thailand
| | - Muralidharan Nagarajan
- Department of Fish Processing Technology, Dr. M.G.R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu 601 204 India
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Purification and identification of adipogenic-differentiating peptides from egg white hydrolysate. Food Chem 2018; 259:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Egg white hydrolysate and peptide reverse insulin resistance associated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in skeletal muscle cells. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1961-1969. [PMID: 29955954 PMCID: PMC6647935 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Excessive formation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance in obesity and type-2 diabetes. In skeletal muscle, chronic exposure to TNF-α impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and insulin signaling. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of enzymatic egg white hydrolysate (EWH) and its responsible peptide, IRW, on TNF-α-induced insulin resistance and the underlying molecular mechanisms using rat skeletal muscle cells (L6 cells). Methods Insulin resistance was induced by treating L6 cells with 5 ng/ml TNF-α for 24 h. Effects of EWH and IRW on glucose uptake were detected by glucose uptake assay, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation by immunofluorescence, and western blot, while insulin-signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were investigated using western blot. Results Adding both EWH and IRW significantly improved glucose uptake in TNF-α-treated cells, increased activation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) tyrosine residue and protein kinase B (Akt), whereas decreased activation of IRS-1 serine residue. In addition, TNF-α-induced activation of p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) 1/2 were decreased by either EWH or IRW treatment. Conclusion EWH and IRW improve impaired insulin sensitivity by down-regulating the activation of p38 and JNK1/2 in TNF-α-treated skeletal muscle cells.
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Liao W, Fan H, Wu J. Egg White-Derived Antihypertensive Peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) Inhibits Angiotensin II-Stimulated Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Angiotensin Type I Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5133-5138. [PMID: 29714061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during vascular remodelling, are major pathogenesis of hypertension. Antihypertensive peptides derived from food proteins are promising alternatives in preventing/treating hypertension and associated complications. In addition to reducing high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, egg white ovotransferrin-derived antihypertensive IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was shown to exert antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in A7r5 cells (a vascular smooth muscle cell line) against Ang II stimulation, further indicating its potential in retarding vascular remodelling. Since its regulatory role in migration of VSMC is unclear, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimigrant activity of IRW in Ang II-stimulated A7r5 cells. It was found that IRW could downregulate matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) expression and inhibit migration of Ang II-stimulated A7r5 cells, which was associated with inactivation of p38/MAPK signaling. More importantly, the antimigrant activity of IRW in Ang II-stimulated A7r5 cells was dependent on angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R). Our study provided the first evidence that egg ovotransferrin-derived antihypertensive peptide IRW inhibited migration of VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Egg White/chemistry
- Humans
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Li Q, Liao W, Fan H, Wu J. Optimization and Scale-Up Preparation of Egg White Hydrolysate with Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1762-1768. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Li
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Wang Liao
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Dept. of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science; Univ. of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Liao W, Jahandideh F, Fan H, Son M, Wu J. Egg Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides: Preparation, Efficacy, and Absorption. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 85:1-58. [PMID: 29860972 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hen's egg is an important protein source of human diet. On average one large egg contains ~6g protein, which contributes to ~11% of daily protein intake. As a high-quality protein, egg proteins are well recognized as excellent sources of bioactive peptides. The objectives of this chapter are to introduce generation, bioactivities, and absorption of egg protein-derived bioactive peptides. Research on egg protein-derived bioactive peptides has been progressed during the past decades. Enzymatic hydrolysis is the major technique to prepare bioactive peptides from egg protein. Quantitative structure-activity relationships-aided in silico prediction is increasingly applied as a promising tool for efficient prediction of novel bioactive peptides. A number of bioactive peptides from egg proteins have been characterized for antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities. Egg protein-derived peptides that can improve bone health have been reported as well. However, molecular mechanisms of many peptides are not fully understood. The stability and absorption routes, bioavailability, safety, and production of bioactive peptides await further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Liao
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hongbing Fan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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50
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Jahandideh F, Chakrabarti S, Davidge ST, Wu J. Egg white hydrolysate shows insulin mimetic and sensitizing effects in 3T3-F442A pre-adipocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185653. [PMID: 28972997 PMCID: PMC5626431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue is a key mechanism underlying metabolic syndrome, a growing health problem characterized by diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Previous work from our research group has demonstrated the potential of egg white ovotransferrin derived bioactive peptides against hypertension, oxidative stress and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Egg white hydrolysate (EWH) has also shown anti-hypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Given the interplay among hypertension, inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome, the objective of the study was to test the EWH on differentiation, insulin signaling and inflammatory responses in 3T3-F442A pre-adipocytes. Our study suggested that EWH could promote adipocyte differentiation as shown by increased lipid accumulation, increased release of adiponectin and upregulation of peroxisome proliferator associated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α). In addition to enhanced insulin effects on the upregulation of protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation, EWH treatment increased extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation to a level similar to that of insulin, indicating insulin sensitizing and mimetic properties of the EWH. EWH further attenuated cytokine induced inflammatory marker; cyclooxygenase -2 (COX-2) by 48.78%, possibly through the AP-1 pathway by down regulating c-Jun phosphorylation in adipocytes. Given the critical role of adipose in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, EWH may have potential applications in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Jahandideh
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Subhadeep Chakrabarti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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