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Wu C, Ma B, McClements DJ, Lai Z, Hou J, Wang S, Wang X, Qiu Y, Wu F, Fang G, Liu X, Wang P. Fractionation of phenolic compounds from hickory by-products using solid phase extraction-sonication: Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Food Chem 2024; 460:140633. [PMID: 39068807 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Hickory is an abundant source of phenolic compounds that exhibit a diverse range of bioactivities. In this study, phenolic compounds were extracted and purified from hickory green husk (HG), hickory nutshell (HN), and hickory seed coat (HS) using solid-phase extraction and ultrasonication (SPE-US). The effects of the SPE-US treatment on the structure and properties of the phenolic compounds were then investigated, including their composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity. The dominant phenolic substances in the different extracts after SPE-US treatment were: ellagic acid and trans ferulic acid (HS); ellagic acid and sinapic acid (HN); and rutin (HG). The HS-SPE-US1 extract exhibited the highest total polyphenol content (416 ± 11 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid content (47.51 ± 0.68 mg RE/g DW), Fe3+ reduction ability (74.2 ± 1.0 mmol Fe2+/g DW), radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavenging ability, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changling Wu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Bohui Ma
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China
| | | | - Zhiquan Lai
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shuaizheng Wang
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yuxin Qiu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Fenghua Wu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guanyu Fang
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; National Grain Industry (High-Quality Rice Storage in Temperate and Humid Region) Technology Innovation Center; Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Wu Y, Zhai S, Fang M, Zhang H, Chen Y. Evaluation of the growth performance, meat quality, and gut microbiota of broilers fed diets containing walnut green husk extract. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104176. [PMID: 39180783 PMCID: PMC11387355 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of walnut green husk extract (WGHe) on the growth performance, meat quality, antioxidative status, gut morphology, and microbiota diversity of broilers. A total of 216 one-day-old broilers were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 9 replicates (6 birds per replicate) as follows: 1) control group, basal diet; 2) antibiotic group, basal diet supplemented with enduracidin and colistin sulfate; 3) low-dose group, basal diet supplemented with 5.0 g/kg WGHe; and 4) high-dose group, basal diet supplemented with 10.0 g/kg WGHe. The results revealed that the percentage of abdominal fat decreased, and the ratio of the duodenal villus length to crypt depth (V/C), as well as the α-diversity of the ileal microbiota, increased with 10.0 g/kg WGHe supplementation (P < 0.05). The shear force of the breast muscle and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased, whereas the plasma peroxidase (POD) activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and jejunal villus length increased in response to WGHe supplementation (P < 0.05). Compared with the antibiotic diet, the addition of 5.0 g/kg WGHe resulted in a significant increase in the relative abundances of Candidatus Arthromitus, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, and Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the addition of 10.0 g/kg WGHe increased the relative abundances of Candidatus Arthromitus and Lachnoclostridium, whereas the relative abundance of unidentified Chloroplast decreased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 10.0 g/kg WGHe is advantageous for intestinal health, meat quality, and antioxidant status in broilers, suggesting its potential as a functional additive in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Shaohua Zhai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Meiyan Fang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Huiling Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830052, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830052, China.
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Poo CL, Lau MS, Nasir NLM, Nik Zainuddin NAS, Rahman MRAA, Mustapha Kamal SK, Awang N, Muhammad H. A Scoping Review on Hepatoprotective Mechanism of Herbal Preparations through Gut Microbiota Modulation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:11460-11502. [PMID: 39451562 PMCID: PMC11506797 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46100682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases cause millions of deaths globally. Current treatments are often limited in effectiveness and availability, driving the search for alternatives. Herbal preparations offer potential hepatoprotective properties. Disrupted gut microbiota is linked to liver disorders. This scoping review aims to explore the effects of herbal preparations on hepatoprotective mechanisms, particularly in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatic steatosis, with a focus on gut microbiota modulation. A systematic search was performed using predetermined keywords in four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science). A total of 55 studies were included for descriptive analysis, covering study characteristics such as disease model, dietary model, animal model, intervention details, comparators, and study outcomes. The findings of this review suggest that the hepatoprotective effects of herbal preparations are closely related to their interactions with the gut microbiota. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of herbal preparations are shown through their effects on the gut microbiota composition, intestinal barrier, and microbial metabolites, which resulted in decreased serum levels of liver enzymes and lipids, improved liver pathology, inhibition of hepatic fatty acid accumulation, suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress, reduced insulin resistance, and altered bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hussin Muhammad
- Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia; (C.L.P.); (M.S.L.); (N.L.M.N.); (N.A.S.N.Z.); (M.R.A.A.R.); (S.K.M.K.); (N.A.)
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Ge Y, Shi Y, Wei C, Uthamapriya RA, Wu Y, Cao L. The effects of quinoa bran dietary fiber on glucose and lipid metabolism and hepatic transcriptome in obese rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2692-2703. [PMID: 37994153 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a complex chronic metabolic disease, obesity not only affects the quality of human life but also increases the risk of various other diseases. Therefore, it is important to investigate the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of dietary interventions that counteract obesity. RESULTS In this study, we extracted soluble (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from quinoa bran using an enzymatic method and further investigated their effects on lipid metabolism and blood lipid levels in obese rats. Quinoa bran dietary fiber showed significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose level, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared to those in the model group of obese rats. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the IDF group, demonstrating that IDF improved liver injury more significantly than SDF, which was consistent with the analysis of liver tissue sections. IDF supplementation significantly improved the oxidation resistance of obese rats by decreasing malondialdehyde and increasing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels compared to the high-fat diet group levels. Transcriptome analysis showed that IDF caused hepatic changes in genes (Ehhadh, PPARα, FADS, CPT1, CPT2, SCD-1, Acadm, and CYP7A1) related to fatty acid degradation, and this result coincided with that of the gene expression validation result. CONCLUSION Overall, our research offers crucial data for the logical development of dietary fiber from quinoa bran with nutritional purposes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Ge
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chunhong Wei
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Rajavel Arumugam Uthamapriya
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjiao Wu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - LongKui Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Xia S, Yu H, Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Zhang J, Zhu J. A novel curdlan/methyl cellulose/walnut green husk polyphenol edible composite film for walnut packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129505. [PMID: 38232883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study, polyphenols were extracted from walnut green husk, an agricultural waste, and were incorporated into curdlan (CD) and methyl cellulose (MC) to create a novel edible composite film. For structural character, the film matrix was tightly bound primarily by non-covalent bonds and the addition of walnut green husk polyphenols (WGHP) significantly reduced the surface roughness of the composite film. For mechanical properties, the addition of WGHP improve the flexibility of films, and it significantly improved the barrier ability of ultraviolet rays and water-vapor. Furthermore, the incorporation of WGHP to the CD-MC film resulted in enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial effects, which effectively retards lipid oxidation in fried walnuts. Consequently, the fabricated CD-MC-WGHP composite film bears immense potential for use in food preservation applications, particularly in extending the shelf life of fried walnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyao Xia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajin Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Engineering Center for Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Zhang X, Chen J, Zhou S, Jiang Y, Wang Y, Li Y. The effect of flaxseed oil after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut barrier homeostasis. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113728. [PMID: 38129043 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed oil (FO) has been demonstrated its multiple beneficial effects in vivo due to high concentration of α-linolenic acid. The deterioration of FO can be triggered by high temperature heating during the deep frying process resulting in alteration of healthy properties. In this study, the effect of FO before and after deep frying on lipid metabolism and gut homeostasis of rats was investigated compared to deep-fried palm oil (DPO) treated group. Deep-fried flaxseed oil (DFO) treatment significantly enhanced the triglyceride accumulation in serum and liver tissues of rats. A greater increase of peroxides and proinflammatory cytokine levels was found in the serum of DFO treated rats compared to other groups. The histopathologic data indicated that DFO and DPO reduced the villus height of intestinal and colonic tissues and increased the inflammatory cell infiltration. The inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-6) were enhanced and the key markers of epithelia colonic tissues (occludin and MUC-2) were suppressed in rats with DFO interventions, which is in consistency with histopathologic results. In addition, FO could increase the number of beneficial bacteria while the relative abundance of obesity and inflammatory-related bacteria was promoted by DFO treatment, including Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Selenomonadales. In conclusion, DFO intake had a significant impact on the disruption of gut barrier homeostasis, potentially worsening the dysbiosis than DPO. The beneficial effects of FO in vivo could be significantly reduced by extreme deep frying, which suggests the need for moderate cooking edible oils such as FO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shengmin Zhou
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanrong Jiang
- Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., 118 Gaodong Road, Pudong New District, 200137, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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7
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Batista KS, Lima MDS, Francisco Alves A, Cavalcante HC, de Souza DM, de Oliveira GC, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Rodrigues JF, de Albuquerque Meireles BRL, de Magalhães Cordeiro AMT, Persuhn DC, de Souza Aquino J. Antioxidant potential of acerola by-product along the enterohepatic axis of rats fed a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113380. [PMID: 37803718 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC) by-product (ABP) has bioactive compounds that can provide antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects in vivo. In this study we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ABP on oxidative damage along the enterohepatic axis of rats fed a high-fat diet for 7 weeks. In addition, we analysed the phenolic compound profile in the enterohepatic axis, and the lipid accumulation in the liver, colon and liver tissue structure of high-fat diet-fed rats treated with fenofibrate drug (100 mg/kg) or ABP (400 mg/kg) via orogastric administration in the 4th to 7th weeks of the experiment. ABP had increased antioxidant potential in vitro and presented ascorbic acid (2022.06 μg/g), carotenoid (2.63 μg/g), and total phenolic compound (5366.44 μg/g) contents. The high-fat diet-fed rats that received ABP (compared to fenofibrate treatment) presented a non-significant reduction of 9.87% in guanine oxidation product, lower relative liver weight, degree of hepatic steatosis, and aspartate aminotransferase level in their blood. ABP also provided high-fat diet-fed rats: an increased amount of total phenolic compounds in caecal digesta (946.42 µg/g), faeces (3299.07 µg/g), colon (256.15 µg/g) and hepatic tissues (454.80 µg/g); higher total antioxidant capacity in plasma and colon; and lower lipid peroxidation in plasma, colonic and hepatic tissues. The results point to the potential antioxidant activity of ABP against oxidative damage along the enterohepatic axis caused by high-fat diet intake. The ABP had a greater protective effect on the healthy liver compared to fenofibrate treatment due to its bioactive compound content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Food Technology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of the Sertão de Pernambuco (IFSertão-PE), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Hassler Clementino Cavalcante
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Melo de Souza
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Costa de Oliveira
- Bromatology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Lydiane Tavares Toscano
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Training Studies Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Josuel Feitosa Rodrigues
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Darlene Camati Persuhn
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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Lan H, Wang H, Chen C, Hu W, Ai C, Chen L, Teng H. Flavonoids and gastrointestinal health: single molecule for multiple roles. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:10987-11005. [PMID: 37409462 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2230501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet can be considered as one of the pivotal factors in regulating gastrointestinal health, and polyphenols widely distributed in human daily diet. The polyphenols and their metabolites playing a series of beneficial effects in human gastrointestinal tract that can regulate of the gut microbiota, increase intestinal barrier function, repair gastrointestinal mucosa, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors and regulating immune function, and their absorption and biotransformation mainly depend on the activity of intestinal microflora. However, little is known about the two-way interaction between polyphenols and intestinal microbiota. The objective of this review is to highlight the structure optimization and effect of flavonoids on intestinal flora, and discusses the mechanisms of dietary flavonoids regulating intestinal flora. The multiple effects of single molecule of flavonoids, and inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites. Moreover, the protective effects of polyphenols on intestinal barrier function, and effects of interaction between plant polyphenols and macromolecules on gastrointestinal health. This review provided valuable insight that may be useful for better understanding the mechanism of the gastrointestinal health effects of polyphenols, and provide a scientific basis for their application as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Lan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chong Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenlu Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chao Ai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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9
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Jakobek L, Blesso C. Beneficial effects of phenolic compounds: native phenolic compounds vs metabolites and catabolites. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:9113-9131. [PMID: 37140183 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2208218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In the human body, the positive effects of phenolic compounds are increasingly observed through their presence in tissues and organs in their native form or in the form of metabolites or catabolites formed during digestion, microbial metabolism, and host biotransformation. The full extent of these effects is still unclear. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of beneficial effects of native phenolic compounds or their metabolites and catabolites focusing on their role in the health of the digestive system, including disorders of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts and liver. Studies are mostly connecting beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal and urinary tract to the whole food rich in phenolics, or to the amount of phenolic compounds/antioxidants in food. Indeed, the bioactivity of parent phenolic compounds should not be ignored due to their presence in the digestive tract, and the impact on the gut microbiota. However, the influence of their metabolites and catabolites might be more important for the liver and urinary tract. Distinguishing between the effects of parent phenolics vs metabolites and catabolites at the site of action are important for novel areas of food industry, nutrition and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija Jakobek
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christopher Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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10
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Xi M, Hou Y, Cai Y, Shen H, Ao J, Li M, Wang J, Luo A. Antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics of ethyl acetate polar fractions from walnut green husk. J Food Sci 2023; 88:1060-1074. [PMID: 36695779 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Walnut green husk (WGH) is rich in natural compounds and is valued as a potential source of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of petroleum ether polar fraction, dichloromethane polar fraction, ethyl acetate polar fraction (EAPF), and n-butanol polar fraction from WGH were analyzed. The results showed that EAPF exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (65.74 ± 1.01 mg rutin equivalents [RE]/g dry weight [DW]) and total phenol content (48.73 ± 1.09 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g DW), with the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical (•OH), and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate scavenging activity compared with other fractions. EAPF also showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus vegetative cells, with a diameter of inhibition zones of 33.5 and 37.6 mm, respectively, a minimum inhibitory concentration of 31.25 mg/ml and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 62.5 mg/ml, which inhibited the growth of both bacteria. Analysis of the antibacterial mechanism demonstrated that EAPF damaged the integrity of the cell membrane, increased the membrane permeability, and triggered the leakage of intracellular material. In addition, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem with mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 8 polyphenols and 14 flavonoids were mainly present in EAPF, such as chlorogenic acid (C16 H18 O9 ), gallic acid (C7 H6 O5 ), vanillic acid (C8 H8 O4 ), ferulic acid (C10 H10 O4 ), epicatechin (C15 H14 O6 ), catechin (C15 H14 O6 ), hesperetin (C16 H14 O6 ), naringenin (C15 H12 O5 ), hyperin (C21 H20 O12 ), luteolin (C15 H10 O6 ), and so on. Therefore, WGH had the potential to be developed as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial material. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Our work indicates that WGH contains abundant flavonoids and polyphenols compounds. Therefore, the plant byproducts like WGH may have a promising application as a source of antimicrobial and antioxidant additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yujie Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Heyu Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jingfang Ao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Anwei Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Lai KM, Chen SY, Wang GY, Shahidi F, Yen GC. Protective effect of rosmarinic acid-rich extract from Trichodesma khasianum Clarke against microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112344. [PMID: 36737936 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy of adipose tissues and dysbiosis are hallmarks of obesity. Although drugs are applied for obesity treatment, side effects limit their use. The anti-obesity capacity of rosmarinic acid (RA) has been documented. Trichodesma khasianum Clarke is an edible RA-rich plant grown in Taiwan. Our previous study found that an 80 % ethanol extract of T. khasianum Clarke leaves (80EETC) ameliorates gastric mucosal damage through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and microbiota modulation abilities. However, the anti-obesity effect of 80EETC remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the protective effects of low-dose 80EETC (125 mg/kg b.w., 80EETCL) or high-dose 80EETC (250 mg/kg b.w., 80EETCH) on obesity development through gut microbiota modulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6 mice. The results showed a high RA content (89.2 ± 7.4 mg/g) in 80EETC. 80EETC administration significantly decreased body weight, body fat ratio, serum lipid levels (TC, TG, and LDL-C), adipose tissue accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, supplementation with 80EETC reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enhanced the relative abundance of gut microbiota (p_Bacteroidetes, f_Lactobacillus, f_Muribaculaceae, f_Prevotellaceae, g_Lactobacillus, g_Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, g_Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013, and g_Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014), which negatively correlated with obesity-related factors such as body weight, energy intake, fat accumulation in adipose tissue, TC, TG, LDL, and MDA. In conclusion, RA-rich 80EETC had a protective effect against obesity development and it has potential in healthy food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Mei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, NL, Canada A1C 5S7
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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12
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Liu Y, Zhou X, Liu B, Gao Q, Sun C, Zhou Q, Zheng X, Liu B. Effects of high fat in the diet on growth, antioxidant, immunity and fat deposition of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:13-21. [PMID: 35995371 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential nutrients for organisms, and high-fat feeds for shrimp may cause oxidative stress. This study evaluated the effects of feeding high fat in the diet on the growth, antioxidant, immunity, and liver fat accumulation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae. Five groups with an initial body weight of 0.0084 ± 0.001 g were fed five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (47.01% crude protein and 18.40 kJ/g gross energy) containing 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16% (named L8, L10, L12, L14 and L16) lipid for 8 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of L8 group were significantly higher than those of L10, L12, L14 and L16 group (P < 0.05), and the feed coefficient (FCR) of L8 group was significantly lower than that of other groups (P < 0.05). With the increase of dietary fat level, the content of MDA and the activity of SOD increased significantly, and the activities of T-AOC and CAT decreased significantly (P < 0.05). H&E staining clearly revealed the occurrence of hepatocyte swelling, hepatocyte vacuolization and nucleus displacement to the peripheral cell vacuolization in the L16 group, and hepatic lipid accumulation was further observed in the L14 and L16 group by Oil red O staining. In addition, high-fat diet significantly upregulated the expression of Dorsal, Relish and IκBα mRNA, and also upregulated the expression of fat synthesis-related genes FAS, ACC, DGAT and fat transport-related gene FABP (P < 0.05), and significantly downregulated the expression of fat metabolism-related genes AMPK and CPT-1 (P < 0.05) compared to that of the L8 group. In conclusion, this study showed that feeding a high-fat diet could induce oxidative stress, inhibit growth performance, alter antioxidant capacity, cause hepatic fat deposition and affect the immune system of M. rosenbergii post-larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Xixun Zhou
- Yueyang Yumeikang Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Yueyang, 414100, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Qiang Gao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fishery, Huzhou, 313001, China.
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
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Sturgeon Chondroitin Sulfate Restores the Balance of Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer Bearing Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073723. [PMID: 35409083 PMCID: PMC9040715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a well-known bioactive substance with multiple biological functions, which can be extracted from animal cartilage or bone. Sturgeon, the largest soft bone animal with ~20% cartilage content, is a great candidate for CS production. Our recent study confirmed the role of sturgeon chondroitin sulfate (SCS) in reducing colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation. Here, we further studied the effect of SCS on modulating gut microbiome structure in colorectal cancer bearing mice. In this study, the transplanted tumor mice model was constructed to demonstrate that SCS can effectively halt the growth of transplanted colorectal tumor cells. Next, we showed that SCS significantly altered the gut microbiome, such as the abundance of Lactobacillales, Gastranaerophilales, Ruminiclostridiun_5 and Ruminiclostridiun_6. According to linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and abundance map analysis of the microbial metabolic pathways, the changes in microbial abundance led to an increase of certain metabolites (e.g., Phe, Tyr, and Gly). Fecal metabolome results demonstrated that SCS can significantly reduce the amount of certain amino acids such as Phe, Pro, Ala, Tyr and Leu presented in the feces, suggesting that SCS might inhibit colorectal cancer growth by modulating the gut microbiome and altering the production of certain amino acids. Our results revealed the therapeutic potential of SCS to facilitate treatment of colorectal cancer. This study provides insights into the development of novel food-derived therapies for colorectal cancer.
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