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Sun Y, Liu Y, Xu B, Ji Z, Xue Z, Yuan W, Ma H, Wang H. Application of combined granular media with opposite wettability for demulsification of oily wastewater by microchannel filter. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:136812. [PMID: 36243079 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oil-water separation with high efficiency and low energy consumption is a tremendous challenge in the green treatment of oily wastewater. In this paper, a novel filtration method with combined granular media for collaborative removal emulsified oil and suspended solids (SS) was proposed, followed by the exploration of demulsification feasibility and oil removal mechanism. The effect of the operation and structural parameters of the filter bed on oil separation performance was thoroughly investigated, and its feasibility for raw oily wastewater treatment was also explored. A remarkable demulsification performance was observed with the combined granular media filter, and a balance of separation efficiency and pressure drop in the emulsified oily wastewater filtration was also achieved subsequently. Effective oil droplet capture and coalescence were observed with a high speed camera system, and pore clogging could be avoided in combined media. The optimal parameters of the combined media filter (CMF) were concluded to be a combined media ratio of 1:1, a superficial velocity of 0.20 m min-1, and a bed porosity of 58.1%. The average oil and suspended solids concentrations in raw oily wastewater was decreased to 8.4 mg/L and 23.3 mg/L during the pilot-scale operation, which indicated that the novel filter composed of combined media had better performance in collaboratively removing oil and SS, even in the period of fluctuating influent parameters. It is believed that a novel and efficient oil removal method, especially including of emulsified oil removal was provided, which also shows great potential and value for the green treatment of industrial oily wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Bowen Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zongyi Ji
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhendong Xue
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hongpeng Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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A Review of Hybrid Process Development Based on Electrochemical and Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, increased human activity, industrialization, and urbanization result in the production of enormous quantities of wastewater. Generally, physicochemical and biological methods are employed to treat industrial effluent and wastewater and have demonstrated high efficacy in removing pollutants. However, some industrial effluent and wastewater contain contaminants that are extremely difficult to remove using standard physicochemical and biological processes. Previously, electrochemical and hybrid advanced oxidation processes (AOP) were considered a viable and promising alternative for achieving an adequate effluent treatment strategy in such instances. These processes rely on the production of hydroxyl radicals, which are highly reactive oxidants that efficiently break down contaminants found in wastewater and industrial effluent. This review focuses on the removal of contaminants from industrial effluents and wastewater through the integration of electrochemical and advanced oxidation techniques. These processes include electrooxidation, electrocoagulation/electroflocculation, electroflotation, photo-Fenton, ozone-photo-Fenton, sono-photo-Fenton, photo-electro-Fenton, ozone/electrocoagulation, sono-electrocoagulation, and peroxi/photo/electrocoagulation. The data acquired from over 150 published articles, most of which were laboratory experiments, demonstrated that the hybrid process is more effective in removing contaminants from industrial effluent and wastewater than standalone processes.
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Effect of additional Fe 2+ salt on electrocoagulation process for the degradation of methyl orange dye: An optimization and kinetic study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10176. [PMID: 36033268 PMCID: PMC9399484 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The wastewater generated from textile industries is highly colored and contains dyes including azo dyes, which are toxic to human and water-living organisms. The treatment of these azo dyes using conventional treatment techniques is challenging due to their recalcitrant properties. In the current study, the effect of additional Fe2+ on electrocoagulation (EC) using Fe electrodes has been studied for the removal of methyl orange (MO) azo dye. pH between 4-5 was found to be optimum for EC and treatment efficiency decreased with increasing dye concentrations. With the addition of Fe2+ salt, dye removal for a certain concentration was increased with the increase of current density and Fe2+ up to a certain limit and after that, the removal efficiency decreased. The COD, color and dye removals were 88.5%, 93.1% and 100%, respectively, for EC of 200 mg.L−1 dye solution using only 0.20 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ for 0.40 mA cm−2 current density, whereas for EC, the respective removal efficiencies were 76.7%, 63.4% and 82.4% for 32 min. The respective operating cost for EC was $768 kg−1 removed dye ($0.342 m−3), whereas, for EC with additional Fe2+ salt, it was $350 kg−1 removed dye ($0.189 m−3). The kinetic results revealed that the first-order kinetic model was fitted best for EC, whereas the second-order kinetic model was best fitted for Fe2+ added EC. For real textile wastewater, 57.6% COD removal was obtained for 0.15 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ added EC compared to 27.8% COD removal for EC for 32 min. Based on the study we can conclude that Fe2+ assisted EC can be used for effective treatment of textile wastewater containing toxic compounds like azo dyes. EC represents limiting treatment performance for higher contaminant concentrations. 0.20 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ salt enhances the EC treatment performance of MO dye to 100%. EC followed first-order kinetic model, whereas Fe2+ added EC followed second-order kinetic model. Operating cost was reduced to $0.327 m−3 from $0.598 m−3 for EC with additional Fe2+. 58% COD was removed for 0.15 mmol.L−1 Fe2+ added EC for real textile wastewater.
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Environmental and economic feasibility of the treatment of dairy industry wastewater by photo-Fenton and electrocoagulation process: Multicriteria optimization by desirability function. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Shokri A, Fard MS. A critical review in electrocoagulation technology applied for oil removal in industrial wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132355. [PMID: 34582927 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
EC process, which stands for Electrocoagulation, is considered a widespread wastewater remediation method that is investigated widely for an extensive variety of wastewater resources, based on its flexibility, easy setup, eco-friendly nature, and low footprint. The critical operative factors in the EC process and the crucial relation between EC and the typical chemical coagulation approach had been thoroughly evaluated because they are the main variables that govern the process of contaminant elimination. As a result, the EC process requires further investigations for scale-up simulations in the manufacturing scopes and optimization of operational parameters. Furthermore, the current paper studies the novel integrated separation methods with the combined EC process and also their limitations for improved wastewater remediation process for cleaner wastes, recycling processes, and water recovery. In this paper, the EC enhancement processes toward oil removal from wastewater have been reviewed which includes a concise representation of the source and features of oily wastewater. Additionally, the advanced remediation methods for oil-contained wastewater and the electrocoagulation process are presented. This review summarized the present utilization of electrocoagulation to eliminate oil from wastewater. Besides the process optimization and modeling investigations, the parameters that significantly affect the electrocoagulation remediation effectiveness are evaluated. Finally, the cutting-edge and sophisticated methods of electrocoagulation process for oil removal are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shokri
- Jundi-Shapur Research Institute, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sanavi Fard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran
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Fluorine-free and hydrophobic/oleophilic PMMA/PDMS electrospun nanofibrous membranes for gravity-driven removal of water from oil-rich emulsions. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Feng Q, Zhan Y, Yang W, Dong H, Sun A, Liu Y, Wen X, Chiao YH, Zhang S. Layer-by-layer construction of super-hydrophilic and self-healing polyvinylidene fluoride composite membrane for efficient oil/water emulsion separation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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8
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Effects of some ion-specific properties in the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shubair A, Al-Salih H, Sabouni R, Gomaa H, Hassanin S, Salem S, Zeno T, El Taher B, Zaka A. Photocatalytic demulsification of oil/water emulsions containing nonionic surfactant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13124-13132. [PMID: 33174172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Separation of oil-water (OW) emulsions is investigated using a photocatalytic demulsification approach. Experiments were conducted using two types of photocatalysts, namely, ZnO and TiO2. The emulsion samples were prepared with oil to water ratios of 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1 and using nonionic surfactant Tween 20 as an emulsifier. The demulsification efficiency was determined using a direct time varying phase separation measurement, while dynamic light scattering (DLS) and microscope imaging (MI) were used to determine the change in emulsion droplets size. The investigation results showed that all the emulsions were destabilized and separated within 30-90 min with demulsification efficiency that ranged from 38 to 90%. On the other hand, untreated control samples remained stable with no phase separation for more than 24 h. For most of the studied experimental conditions, TiO2 nanoparticles gave better demulsification results than ZnO. Modeling of the batch demulsification kinetics for both systems agreed satisfactorily with the experimental measurements. This could allow its further extension towards design of continuous processes for potential implementation in treatment of industrial oily wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Shubair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hilal Al-Salih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rana Sabouni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Hassan Gomaa
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Hassanin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Soha Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Talah Zeno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Bassam El Taher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Awais Zaka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 26666, Sharjah, UAE
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10
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Performance, Energy and Cost of Produced Water Treatment by Chemical and Electrochemical Coagulation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The separation performance, energy demand, and operating costs of electro-coagulation (EC) are compared to conventional chemical coagulation for oil–water separation using a simulated oil- and gas-produced water matrix. An iron-based chemical coagulant and sacrificial iron electrodes are evaluated. Effluent turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), and oil and grease (O&G) removal were determined for various coagulant concentrations and reaction times and current densities. Chemical coagulation produced superior turbidity removal when scaled by the total iron dose. At lower iron doses (<500 mg/L), chemical coagulation yielded better COD, turbidity, and O&G removal. However, chemical coagulation was unable to effectively remove contaminants to meet the offshore discharge limit of 29 ppm O&G. At higher iron doses, EC was more effective at removing COD and O&G. The energy consumption of EC was found to be much higher even when factoring in the energy of production, transporting, and mixing of chemical coagulants, but the overall cost of EC was approximately half the cost of chemical coagulation, and more effective at O&G removal.
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11
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Impact of flocculant addition in oil recovery from multiphasic fermentations. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Elhemmali A, Anwar S, Zhang Y, Shirokoff J. A comparison of oil-water separation by gravity and electrolysis separation process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1713812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaaeddin Elhemmali
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, Memorial University , St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Shams Anwar
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, Memorial University , St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, Memorial University , St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - John Shirokoff
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, Memorial University , St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Church J, Lundin JG, Diaz D, Mercado D, Willner MR, Lee WH, Paynter DM. Identification and characterization of bilgewater emulsions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:981-995. [PMID: 31326820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Literature on bilgewater focuses on empirically determined treatment methods and lacks specific information on emulsion characteristics. Therefore, this review discusses potential emulsion stabilization mechanisms that occur in bilgewater and evaluates common approaches to study their behavior. Current knowledge on emulsion formation, stabilization, and destabilization is outlined to provide researchers and bilgewater treatment operators with the knowledge needed to determine emulsion prevention and treatment strategies. Furthermore, a broad assessment of bilgewater emulsion characterization techniques, from general water quality analysis to advanced droplet stability characterization methods are discussed in detail. Lastly, a survey of typical bilgewater characteristics and information on standard synthetic bilgewater mixtures used in the testing of oil pollution abatement equipment are presented. Overall, the goal of this article is to provide a better understanding of physical and thermodynamic properties of emulsions to help improve bilgewater treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Church
- Wastewater Management Branch, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Lundin
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniela Diaz
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Dianne Mercado
- Burnette School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Marjorie R Willner
- Wastewater Management Branch, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Danielle M Paynter
- Wastewater Management Branch, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Azcarate SM, Langhoff LP, Camiña JM, Savio M. A green single-tube sample preparation method for wear metal determination in lubricating oil by microwave induced plasma with optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 195:573-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Zhan Y, He S, Wan X, Zhao S, Bai Y. Thermally and chemically stable poly(arylene ether nitrile)/halloysite nanotubes intercalated graphene oxide nanofibrous composite membranes for highly efficient oil/water emulsion separation in harsh environment. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Gobbi LCA, Nascimento IL, Muniz EP, Rocha SMS, Porto PSS. Electrocoagulation with polarity switch for fast oil removal from oil in water emulsions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:119-125. [PMID: 29482092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An electrocoagulation technique using a 3.5 L reactor, with aluminum electrodes in a monopolar arrangement with polarity switch at each 10 s was used to separate oil from synthetic oily water similar in oil concentration to produced water from offshore platforms. Up to 98% of oil removal was achieved after 20 min of processing. Processing time dependence of the oil removal and pH was measured and successfully adjusted to exponential models, indicating a pseudo first order behavior. Statistical analysis was used to prove that electrical conductivity and total solids depend significantly on the concentration of electrolyte (NaCl) in the medium. Oil removal depends mostly on the distance between the electrodes but is proportional to electrolyte concentration when initial pH is 8. Electrocoagulation with polarity switch maximizes the lifetime of the electrodes. The process reduced oil concentration to a value below that stipulated by law, proving it can be an efficient technology to minimize the offshore drilling impact in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena C A Gobbi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Energia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Izabela L Nascimento
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharias e Tecnologia, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Eduardo P Muniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Energia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
| | - Sandra M S Rocha
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Tecnologia Industrial, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Bairro Goiabeiras, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Paulo S S Porto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Energia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km. 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Engenharias e Tecnologia, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, Bairro Litorâneo, CEP 29932-540, São Mateus, ES, Brazil.
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Multi-Response Optimization in the Formulation of a Topical Cream from Natural Ingredients. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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18
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Jiang W, Chen M, Yang J, Deng Z, Liu Y, Bian J, Du S, Hou D. Dynamic experimental study of a new electrocoagulation apparatus with settlement scheme for the removal process in oilfield. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Liu Y, Jiang WM, Yang J, Li YX, Chen MC, Li JN. Experimental study on evaluation and optimization of tilt angle of parallel-plate electrodes using electrocoagulation device for oily water demulsification. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:142-149. [PMID: 28437739 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tilt angle of parallel-plate electrodes (APE) is very important as it improves the economy of diffusion controlled Electrocoagulation (EC) processes. This study aimed to evaluate and optimize APE of a self-made EC device including integrally rotary electrodes, at a fixed current density of 120 Am-2. The APEs investigated in this study were selected at 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and a special value (α(d)) which was defined as a special orientation of electrode when the upper end of anode and the lower end of cathode is in a line vertical to the bottom of reactor. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum APE for demulsification process using four evaluation indexes, as: oil removal efficiency in the center between electrodes; energy consumption and Al consumption, and besides, a novel universal evaluation index named as evenness index of oil removal efficiency employed to fully reflect distribution characteristics of demulsification efficiency. At a given plate spacing of 4 cm, the optimal APE was found to be α(d) because of its potential of enhancing the mass transfer process within whole EC reactor without addition, external mechanical stirring energy, and finally the four evaluation indexed are 97.07%, 0.11 g Al g-1 oil, 2.99 kwhkg-1 oil, 99.97% and 99.97%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Circle Sea Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Qingdao 266580, China; College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Wen-Ming Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Circle Sea Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Qingdao 266580, China; College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Circle Sea Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Qingdao 266580, China; College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yu-Xing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Circle Sea Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Qingdao 266580, China; College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ming-Can Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Circle Sea Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Qingdao 266580, China; College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jian-Na Li
- Thermal Energy Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Jiang W, Chen M, Yang J, Li J. Quantitative analysis on removal path of emulsified oil in the reactor of EC. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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An C, Huang G, Yao Y, Zhao S. Emerging usage of electrocoagulation technology for oil removal from wastewater: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:537-556. [PMID: 27865526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is a simple and efficient treatment method involving the electrodissolution of sacrificial anodes and formation of hydroxo-metal products as coagulants, while the simultaneous production of hydrogen at the cathode facilitates the pollutant removal by flotation. Oil is one of the most important hydrocarbon products in the modern world. It can cause environmental pollution during various stages of production, transportation, refining and use. Electrocoagulation treatment is particularly effective for destabilization of oil-in-water emulsions by neutralizing charges and bonding oil pollutants to generated flocs and hydrogen bubbles. The development of electrocoagulation technologies provided a promising alternative for oil removal from wastewater. This paper presents a review of emerging electrochemical technologies used for treating oil-containing wastewater. It includes a brief description of the oily wastewater origin and characteristics. The treatment processes developed so far for oily wastewater and the electrocoagulation mechanisms are also introduced. This paper summarizes the current applications of electrocoagulation for oil removal from wastewater. The factors that influence the electrocoagulation treatment efficiencies as well as the process optimization and modeling studies are discussed. The state-of-the-art and development trends of electrocoagulation process for oil removal are further introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjiang An
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada; Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Gordon Huang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada; Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Yao Yao
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Shan Zhao
- Institute for Energy, Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina S4S 0A2, Canada
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Abstract
AbstractThe conventional coagulation technique of textile wastewater treatments is plagued with the issue of low removal rate of pollutants and generation of a large quantity of sludge. Recently, electrocoagulation (EC) technique gained immense attention due to its efficiency. The technique involves dissolution of the sacrificial anodes to provide an active metal hydroxide as a strong coagulant that destabilizes and amasses particles and then removes them by precipitation or adsorption. EC process is influenced by operating parameters such as applied current density, electrodes material and configuration, type of electrical connection, pH and conductivity of the solution, and mixing state. Consequently, this work reviewed the major and minor reactions of EC process with operational parameters, design of EC cell, mass transfer studies and modeling, and industrial wastewater applications. The work also includes comparison of EC technique with conventional coagulation and combinations with other techniques. Special emphasis is on removal of pollutants from textile wastewater. Further, the electrical energy supplies and cost analysis are also discussed. Even though several publications have covered EC process recently, no review work has treated the systematic process design and how to minimize the effect of passivation layer deposited on the surface of the electrodes. EC process with rotating electrodes has been recommended to reduce this phenomenon. The effect of electrodes geometry is considered to enhance the conductivity of the cell and reduce energy consumption. The studies of ionic mass transfer were not implemented before special by limiting current method during the EC process. Moreover, no aforementioned studies used computational fluid dynamics modeling to present the mass transfer inside the EC reactor.
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Pachathu A, Ponnusamy K, Srinivasan SKVR. Packed bed column studies on the removal of emulsified oil from water using raw and modified bagasse and corn husk. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Ghasemi Naghdi F, Schenk PM. Dissolved air flotation and centrifugation as methods for oil recovery from ruptured microalgal cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:428-435. [PMID: 27393833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Solvent-free microalgal lipid recovery is highly desirable for safer, more sustainable and more economical microalgal oil production. Dispersed air flotation and centrifugation were evaluated for the ability to separate oil and debris from a slurry mixture of osmotically fractured Chaetoceros muelleri cells with and without utilizing collectors. Microalgal oil partially phase-separated as a top layer and partially formed an oil-in-water emulsion. Although collectors, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate enhanced selective flotation, by just adjusting the pH and cell concentration of the mixture, up to 78% of the lipids were recovered in the froth. Using centrifugation of fractured microalgal slurry resulted in removal of 60% cell debris and up to 68.5% of microalgal oil was present in the supernatant. Both methods, centrifugation and flotation provided options for separation of microalgal oil from C. muelleri slurry with similar fatty acid recoveries of 57% and 60%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Ghasemi Naghdi
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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25
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Vidal J, Villegas L, Peralta-Hernández JM, Salazar González R. Removal of Acid Black 194 dye from water by electrocoagulation with aluminum anode. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:289-296. [PMID: 26745322 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of an electrocoagulation process (EC) for the elimination of AB194 textile dye from synthetic and textile wastewater (effluent) contaminated with AB194 dye, was carried out using aluminum anodes at two different initial pH values. Tafel studies in the presence and absence of the dye were performed. The aluminum species formed during the electrolysis were quantified by atomic absorption, and the flocs formed in the process were analyzed by HPLC-MS. Complete removal of AB194 from 1.0 L of solution was achieved applying low densities current at initial pH values of 4.0 and 8.0. The removal of AB194 by EC was possible with a short electrolysis time, removing practically 100% of the total organic carbon content and chemical oxygen demand. The final result was completely discolored water lacking dye and organic matter. An effluent contaminated with 126 mg L(-1) AB194 dye from a Chilean textile industry was also treated by EC under optimized experimental conditions, yielding discolored water and considerably decreasing the presence of organic compounds (dye + dyeing additives), with very low concentrations of dissolved Al(3+). Analysis of flocs showed the presence of the original dye without changes in its chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Vidal
- a Department of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology , Santiago , Chile
| | - Loreto Villegas
- b Department of Environmental Sciences , Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Santiago, University of Santiago of Chile, USACH , Correo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Juan M Peralta-Hernández
- c University of Guanajuato, Division of Natural and Exact Sciences , Department of Chemistry , Guanajuato , México
| | - Ricardo Salazar González
- a Department of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, LEQMA, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology , Santiago , Chile
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Borsa MB, Jungblut R, Pérez-Herranz V, Müller IL, Bernardes AM, Bergmann CP. Electrochemical treatment of a graphitic forging lubricant effluent: The effect of chloride concentration and current density. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1086799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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da Costa Marques MR, de Souza PSA, Rigo MM, Cerqueira AA, de Paiva JL, Merçon F, Perez DV. Effects of untreated and treated oilfield-produced water on seed germination, seedling development, and biomass production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:15985-15993. [PMID: 26059762 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate possible toxic effects of oil and other contaminants from oilfield-produced water from oil exploration and production, on seed germination, and seedling development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In comparison, as treated by electroflocculation, oilfield-produced water, with lower oil and organic matter content, was also used. Electroflocculation treatment of oilfield-produced water achieved significant removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (94 %), oil and grease (O&G) (96 %), color (97 %), and turbidity (99 %). Different O&G, COD, and salt levels of untreated and treated oilfield-produced water did not influence germination process and seedling biomass production. Normal seedlings percentage and vigor tended to decrease more intensely in O&G and COD levels, higher than 337.5 mg L(-1) and 1321 mg O2 L(-1), respectively, using untreated oilfield-produced water. These results indicate that this industrial effluent must be treated, in order to not affect adversely seedling development. This way, electroflocculation treatment appears as an interesting alternative to removing oil and soluble organic matter in excess from oilfield-produced water improving sunflower's seedling development and providing a friendly environmental destination for this wastewater, reducing its potential to harm water resources, soil, and biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Regina da Costa Marques
- Environmental Technology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Sérgio Alves de Souza
- Environmental Technology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Machado Rigo
- Environmental Technology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Andrade Cerqueira
- Environmental Technology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Julieta L de Paiva
- Environmental Technology Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Merçon
- Department of Biochemical Process Technology, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Vidal Perez
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, 22460-000, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Mohsin M, Meribout M. Oil-water de-emulsification using ultrasonic technology. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 22:573-9. [PMID: 24935027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this paper an oil-water de-emulsification process within large tanks using ultrasonic technology is presented. As the device would operate in hazardous areas, it should not consume an excessive amount of electrical power. Hence, the paper investigates the suitable oil-water concentrations (10-90% concentrations in step of 10%) which would lead to the fastest separation while consuming the minimum amount of power. Extensive experiments which were conducted using a powerful 20kHz ultrasonic sensor were indicative with good repeatability that the emulsion layer with less water content (i.e. 10 to 40% water-cut) gets significantly faster separation. The experimental study was then validated through a set of finite element-based simulations for different ratios of oil water emulsions. This led to suggest a new feasible de-emulsifying device which consists of a one dimensional array of ultrasonic sensors which are vertically distributed to emit ultrasonic waves in horizontal direction and in a time multiplexed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin
- Electrical Engineering Department, Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mahmoud Meribout
- Electrical Engineering Department, Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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29
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Cerqueira AA, Souza PSA, Marques MRC. Effects of direct and alternating current on the treatment of oily water in an electroflocculation process. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20140313s00002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsion by using ceramic membrane: Taguchi experimental design approach. OPEN CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, a Taguchi experimental design methodology was used to determine the importance of process parameters influencing the ultrafiltration (UF) of oil-in-water emulsions. Four parameters including pH (5–11), oil concentration (φ) (0.5–3% (v/v)), temperature (T) (25–45°C) and trans-membrane pressure (TMP) (1–5 bar) were studied at three levels. The highest flux was used as optimization criterion. In order to reduce the number of experiments, a Taguchi method was applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the most significant parameters affecting the optimization criterion.Filtration experiments were performed in a cross-flow operation at a total recycle condition in a laboratory-scale plant. The ceramic UF membrane with a pore size of 50 nm was employed in a tubular module with an active area of 0,418 m2. We used water-soluble cutting oil mixed with water as a model oil-in-water emulsion. During the experiment, the drop size and zeta potential distributions were evaluated.The optimum conditions for UF providing the highest flux were found at TMP = 5 bar, pH = 7, and φ = 0.5 v/v%. The pH of emulsion had the highest impact on COD retention. The results of this study could be used as a guideline for operating UF systems with ceramic membranes at optimal conditions.
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31
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Sahu O, Mazumdar B, Chaudhari PK. Treatment of wastewater by electrocoagulation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2397-413. [PMID: 24243160 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The electrocoagulation (EC) process is an electrochemical means of introducing coagulants and removing suspended solids, colloidal material, and metals, as well as other dissolved solids from water and wastewaters. The EC process has been successfully employed in removing pollutants, pesticides, and radionuclides. This process also removes harmful microorganisms. More often during EC operation, direct current is applied and electrode plates are sacrificed (dissolved into solution). The dissolution causes an increased metal concentration in the solution that finally precipitates as oxide precipitates. Due to improved process design and material of construction, the EC process is being widely accepted over other physicochemical processes. Presently, this process has gained attention due to its ability to treat large volume and for its low cost. The aim of this study is to review the mechanism, affecting factors, process, and application of the electrocoagulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Raipur (C.G.), Raipur, India,
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32
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Kundu P, Mishra IM. Removal of emulsified oil from oily wastewater (oil-in-water emulsion) using packed bed of polymeric resin beads. Sep Purif Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Optimization methodology based on neural networks and genetic algorithms applied to electro-coagulation processes. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAn optimization methodology based on neural networks and genetic algorithms was developed and used to optimize a real world process — an electro-coagulation process involving three pollutants at different concentrations: kaolin (250–1000 mg L−1), Eriochrome Black T solutions (50–200 mg L−1), and oil/water emulsion (1500–4500 mg L−1). Feed-forward neural networks using heterogeneous combination of transfer functions were developed, leading to good results in the validation stage (relative error about 8%). The parameters of the process (concentration of pollutant, time, pH0, conductivity and current density) were optimized handling the genetic algorithm parameters, in order to obtain a maximum removal efficiency for each pollutant. Therefore, the optimization methodology combines neural networks as modeling tools with genetic algorithms as solving method. Validation of the optimization results using supplementary experimental data reveals errors under 11%.
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35
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Sangal VK, Mishra IM, Kushwaha JP. Electrocoagulation of Soluble Oil Wastewater: Parametric and Kinetic Study. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2012.719985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Cristóvão RO, Botelho CMS, Martins RJE, Boaventura RAR. Chemical and Biological Treatment of Fish Canning Wastewaters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7763/ijbbb.2012.v2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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38
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Yuan S, Tong M, Wu G. Destabilization of emulsions by natural minerals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:1882-1885. [PMID: 21784583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a novel method to destabilize emulsions and recycle oils, particularly for emulsified wastewater treatment. Natural minerals were used as demulsifying agents, two kinds of emulsions collected from medical and steel industry were treated. The addition of natural minerals, including artificial zeolite, natural zeolite, diatomite, bentonite and natural soil, could effectively destabilize both emulsions at pH 1 and 60 °C. Over 90% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be removed after treatment. Medical emulsion can be even destabilized by artificial zeolite at ambient temperature. The mechanism for emulsion destabilization by minerals was suggested as the decreased electrostatic repulsion at low pH, the enhanced gathering of oil microdroplets at elevated temperature, and the further decreased surface potential by the addition of minerals. Both flocculation and coalescence were enhanced by the addition of minerals at low pH and elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhu Yuan
- State Key Lab of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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39
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Maiti S, Mishra I, Bhattacharya S, Joshi J. Removal of oil from oil-in-water emulsion using a packed bed of commercial resin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Gutiérrez G, Lobo A, Benito JM, Coca J, Pazos C. Treatment of a waste oil-in-water emulsion from a copper-rolling process by ultrafiltration and vacuum evaporation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:1569-1574. [PMID: 21112152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A process is proposed for the treatment of a waste oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion generated in an industrial copper-rolling operation. The use of demulsifier agents improves the subsequent treatment by techniques such as ultrafiltration (UF) or evaporation. The effluent COD is reduced up to 50% when the O/W emulsion is treated by UF using a flat 30 nm TiO(2) ceramic membrane (ΔP = 0.1 MPa) and up to 70% when it is treated by vacuum evaporation, after an emulsion destabilization pretreatment in both cases. Increases in the UF permeate flux and in the evaporation rate are observed when a chemical demulsifier is used in the pretreatment step. A combined process consisting of destabilization/settling, UF, and vacuum evaporation can yield a very high-quality aqueous effluent that could be used for process cooling or emulsion reformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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41
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Purification of firefighting water containing a fluorinated surfactant by reverse osmosis coupled to electrocoagulation–filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Gao S, Du M, Tian J, Yang J, Yang J, Ma F, Nan J. Effects of chloride ions on electro-coagulation-flotation process with aluminum electrodes for algae removal. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 182:827-834. [PMID: 20667652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Electro-coagulation-flotation (ECF) is one of the most promising technologies that offers an attractive alternative to conventional coagulation and flotation. In this study, the effectiveness and mechanisms of algae removal by ECF process using aluminum electrodes was investigated in the presence of Cl(-) ions. The results showed that the addition of Cl(-) ions (1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 8.0 mM) had a promoting effect on the algae removal in terms of both the cell density and chlorophyll-a, which could be attributed to the following two reasons. Firstly, active chlorine could be generated in the ECF when Cl(-) ions were present. The electrochemically generated active chlorine was demonstrated to be effective for the inactivation of algae cells with the aid of the electric field in the ECF. Secondly, the Cl(-) ions in the algae solution could enhance the release of Al(3+) from the aluminum electrodes in the ECF. Through SEM-EDX analysis, pitting corrosion and alleviated formation of oxide film by Cl(-) ions were observed on the anode surface. When considering that Cl(-) ions are universally present in natural waters, the effects of Cl(-) on ECF process for algae removal are of great significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
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43
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Applicability of electrochemical methods to carwash wastewaters for reuse. Part 2: Electrocoagulation and anodic oxidation integrated process. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Li L, Ding L, Tu Z, Wan Y, Clausse D, Lanoisellé JL. Recovery of linseed oil dispersed within an oil-in-water emulsion using hydrophilic membrane by rotating disk filtration system. J Memb Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Trompette JL, Vergnes H. On the crucial influence of some supporting electrolytes during electrocoagulation in the presence of aluminum electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 163:1282-1288. [PMID: 18790563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The influence of some supporting electrolytes on aluminum electrode oxidation and pH variation during electrocoagulation of an unskimmed milk sample and a cutting oil emulsion has been investigated. Among the electrolytes studied, sulfate anions were found to be quite harmful both for electrical consumption and electrocoagulation efficiency. At the opposite, chloride and ammonium ions were particularly benefic respectively for aluminum corrosion and pH regulation, whereas sodium cations were observed to have a neutral role. The results indicate that electrocoagulation can be realized at low anodic potential even in the presence of sulfate ions when the [Cl(-)]/[SO(4)(2-)] ratio is around or greater than 1/10. The detrimental effect of sulfates on electrocoagulation efficiency can be thwarted by the use of the ammonium salt thanks to its related buffer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Trompette
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique UMR 5503, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France.
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46
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Gutiérrez G, Benito JM, Coca J, Pazos C. Vacuum Evaporation of Waste Oil-in-Water Emulsions from a Copper Metalworking Industry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Gutiérrez
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - José M. Benito
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - José Coca
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Carmen Pazos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain, and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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47
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Zhou YB, Chen L, Hu XM, Lu J. Modified Resin Coalescer for Oil-in-Water Emulsion Treatment: Effect of Operating Conditions on Oil Removal Performance. Ind Eng Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ie8012242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bo Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiao Meng Hu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, No. 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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48
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Tir M, Moulai-Mostefa N. Optimization of oil removal from oily wastewater by electrocoagulation using response surface method. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 158:107-115. [PMID: 18313208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation process with sacrificial aluminium anode was used to separate oil from oily wastewater emulsion. A preliminary experimental study was performed to evaluate the most accurate operating parameters, which are then used for the determination of oil removal efficiency. An experimental design using response surface method (RSM) was then applied and oil separation was estimated by measuring turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). An optimal region characterised with low values of turbidity and COD was found. As part of the optimized process, the main effects of the operational parameters were also investigated. The experimental results indicated that electrocoagulation was very efficient and able to achieve 99% turbidity and 90% chemical oxygen demand (COD) in less than 22 min and current density of 25 mA cm(-2). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high variance coefficient (R(2)) value of 0.998, thus ensuring a satisfactory adjustment of the second-order regression model with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Tir
- Laboratoire de synthèse pétrochimique, Faculté des Hydrocarbures et de la Chimie, Université M'hamed Bougara, Avenue de l'Indépendance, 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
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Gutiérrez G, Lobo A, Allende D, Cambiella A, Pazos C, Coca J, Benito JM. Influence of Coagulant Salt Addition on the Treatment of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions by Centrifugation, Ultrafiltration, and Vacuum Evaporation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390801973953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cañizares P, Martínez F, Jiménez C, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA. Coagulation and electrocoagulation of oil-in-water emulsions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 151:44-51. [PMID: 17583426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work the efficiencies of the chemical and the electrochemical break-up of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with hydrolyzing aluminium salts are compared. It has been obtained that the efficiency of the processes does not depend directly on the dosing technology, but on the total concentration of aluminium and pH. This latter parameter changes in a different way in the chemical and the electrochemical processes: the pH increases during the electrochemical experiments since the electrochemical system leads to the formation of aluminum hydroxide as a net final product, but it decreases in the conventional ones due to the acid properties of the aluminum salts added (AlCl3 or Al2(SO4)3). The break-up of the emulsions only takes place in the range of pHs between 5 and 9, and the amount of aluminium necessary to produce the destabilization of the emulsion is proportional to the oil concentration. Electrolytes containing chlorides improve COD removal as compared with those containing sulphate ions. Aluminium hydroxide precipitates were found to be the primary species present in solution in the conditions in which the breaking process is favoured. Consequently, the attachment of more than one droplet of oil at a time to a charged precipitate-particle (bridging flocculation) was proposed as the primary destabilization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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