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Modification of Natural Peat for Removal of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solutions. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at estimating peat adsorption properties for copper ion removal from aqueous solutions during peat modification. Two peat modifications have been studied using batch tests and quantitatively reproduced with instrumental analysis by using spectrometric, potentiometric, and thermodynamic modeling methods. The first variation—mechanical activation—was carried out in a planetary mill; for the second one—mechanochemical activation—dry sodium percarbonate (Na2CO3∙1.5H2O2) was added. The adsorption of copper ions was studied in the concentration range from 10–150 mg/L with an interaction time from 0.25–12 h. Both modifications led to significant changes in the interaction energy in the adsorption layer; thus, the acceptor properties of macromolecules were enhanced from natural peat to mechanically activated peat and mechanochemically activated peat. FTIR spectra, specific surface area characteristics, and sorption experiments show the predominantly chemical nature of copper sorption. Maximum adsorption capacity was determined to be 24.1, 42.1, and 16.0 mg/g for natural peat, mechanically activated peat, and mechanochemically activated peat, respectively. The example of peat mechanochemically oxidized with Na2CO3∙1.5H2O2 shows that the improvement in the physicochemical properties (CBET and specific surface area) plays a smaller role in the sorption capacity in relation to copper ions than the presence of phenolic and carboxyl groups, the content of which decreases during oxidation.
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Niculau EDS, Alves PB, Nogueira PCDL, Romão LPC, Cunha GDC, Blank AF, Silva ADC. Chemical Profile and Use of the Peat as an Adsorbent for Extraction of Volatile Compounds from Leaves of Geranium ( Pelargonium graveolens L' Herit). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214923. [PMID: 33114417 PMCID: PMC7662363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from leaves of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’ Herit) were extracted by dynamic headspace using Porapak Q (HSD-P) as adsorbent and peat, a novel adsorbent in the extraction of plant volatiles, analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography–flame ionization (GC/FID), and the results were compared with those obtained by hydrodistillation (HD). The yield volatiles changed with the extraction method. HD was more efficient for extracting linalool (11.19%) and citronellyl formate (9.41%). Citronellol (28.06%), geraniol (38.26%) and 6,9-guaiadiene (9.55%) and geranyl tiglate (8.21%) were the major components identified by dynamic headspace using peat (HSD-T), while citronellol (16.88%), geraniol (13.63%), 6,9-guaiadiene (16.98%) and citronellyl formate (6.95%) were identified by dynamic headspace using Porapak Q (HSD-P). Furthermore, this work showed, for the first time, that in natura peat is useful to extract VOCs from leaves of geranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edenilson dos Santos Niculau
- Curso de Química, Centro de Ciências Integradas, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Av. Paraguai, s/n–esquina com Rua Uxiramas, Araguaína 77824-838, TO, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (P.B.A.); (P.C.d.L.N.); (L.P.C.R.); (G.d.C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-63-3416-5681
| | - Péricles Barreto Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (P.B.A.); (P.C.d.L.N.); (L.P.C.R.); (G.d.C.C.)
| | - Paulo Cesar de Lima Nogueira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (P.B.A.); (P.C.d.L.N.); (L.P.C.R.); (G.d.C.C.)
| | - Luciane Pimenta Cruz Romão
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (P.B.A.); (P.C.d.L.N.); (L.P.C.R.); (G.d.C.C.)
| | - Graziele da Costa Cunha
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, SE, Brazil; (P.B.A.); (P.C.d.L.N.); (L.P.C.R.); (G.d.C.C.)
| | - Arie Fitzgerald Blank
- Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (A.F.B.); (A.d.C.S.)
| | - Anderson de Carvalho Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil; (A.F.B.); (A.d.C.S.)
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Heiderscheidt E, Postila H, Leiviskä T. Removal of metals from wastewaters by mineral and biomass-based sorbents applied in continuous-flow continuous stirred tank reactors followed by sedimentation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:135079. [PMID: 31706088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the performance of mineral and biomass-based sorbents for metal removal under laboratory conditions, but few pilot-scale tests have been performed on possible water purification systems in which these sorbents can be used. This study addressed this issue by evaluating the suitability of selected sorbents for use in continuous-flow continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) followed by sedimentation in laboratory and in situ pilot-scale experiments. Acid (HCl)-modified peat (M-Peat), a commercially available mineral sorbent containing mainly magnesium (Mg) carbonates, Mg oxides and Mg silicates (Mineral-P) and a calcium-rich ground granular blast furnace slag (by-product of stainless steel production (Slag) were tested for treatment of metallurgical industry wastewater (laboratory, pilot). Overall, higher metal removal was achieved from samples with higher initial metal concentrations. M-Peat achieved good removal of Zn (50-70%) and Ni (30-50%) in laboratory and pilot experiments. However, the poor settling characteristics of M-Peat can restrict its application in systems where sedimentation is the solid-liquid separation process applied. Mineral-P showed good performance in removing 65-85% of Zn present in the water and it performed similarly in laboratory and pilot tests. However, low concentrations of As and Ni leached from Mineral-P in all tests. Slag achieved good performance in treatment of the industrial wastewater, removing 65-80% of Zn and 60-80% of Pb during pilot tests. However, low concentrations of Cr and Cu were leached from Slag in a few tests. As a by-product of the same (metallurgical) industry, ground granular blast furnace slag is an excellent candidate for reducing Zn concentrations from industrial wastewater flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisangela Heiderscheidt
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heini Postila
- Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- Chemical Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
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Abstract
Peat, a loose and porous material, contains rich organic matter and can be used as an adsorbent. In this study, it is chemically modified by adding sulfuric acid under different conditions, with the aim of producing a modified peat with optimized Cr(VI) adsorption capability. The modified peat exhibited a higher adsorption efficiency than the natural peat throughout the adsorption experiments. The adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions correlates with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. In addition, the Langmuir model indicated a maximum loading capacity approximately of 105.4 mg/g, which is a markedly high value compared to some other reported adsorbents. The present study performed single factor experiments and the results indicated that higher temperature conditions result in better adsorption capability, whilst an increase in the pH played a contrary role. According to the orthogonal tests, the pH had the greatest impact on adsorption. The obtained results indicated that sulfonated peat can be effectively applied in removing Cr (VI).
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Fluoranthene Biodegradation by Serratia sp. AC-11 Immobilized into Chitosan Beads. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 188:1168-1184. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-02980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Assessment of various treatment methods and reagents for cleanup and conditioning of sphagnum peat moss as sorbents in removal of malachite green as a cationic organic dye probe from water. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-018-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Li Y, Meas A, Shan S, Yang R, Gai X, Wang H, Tsend N. Hydrochars from bamboo sawdust through acid assisted and two-stage hydrothermal carbonization for removal of two organics from aqueous solution. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 261:257-264. [PMID: 29673994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of bamboo hydrochars were prepared through acid-assisted and two-stage hydrothermal carbonization, characterized and evaluated for the adsorption of Congo red and 2-naphthol in aqueous solutions. The hydrochars have rough surfaces with BET surface areas of 6.77-57.74 m2/g and oxygen-rich functional groups. The additives in feed water revealed critical influences on the physical-chemical and adsorption properties of the hydrochars. The hydrochars can adsorb the two organics effectively, the highest adsorption capacities for Congo red and 2-naphthol are 90.51 and 72.93 mg/g, respectively, at 0.1 mg/mL and 298 K. The adsorption of the two organics on the selected hydrochars is a spontaneous and mainly physical adsorption process. 95% and 92% of the adsorption equilibrium could be accomplished in one hour for Congo red and 2-naphthol on the selected hydrochars, respectively. This study provides references for the production and application of hydrochars as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Arun Meas
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China; Department of Agroindustry, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Processing, Mean Chey University, Serei Saophoan 01252, Banteay Meanchey, Cambodia
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ruiqin Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xikun Gai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongpeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nyamkhand Tsend
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
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Gogoi H, Leiviskä T, Heiderscheidt E, Postila H, Tanskanen J. Removal of metals from industrial wastewater and urban runoff by mineral and bio-based sorbents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 209:316-327. [PMID: 29306841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study was performed to evaluate chemically modified biosorbents, hydrochloric acid treated peat (HCl-P) and citric acid treated sawdust (Citric acid-SD) for their metal removal capacity from dilute industrial wastewater and urban runoff and compare their efficiency with that of commercially available mineral sorbents (AQM PalPower M10 and AQM PalPower T5M5 magnetite). Batch and column experiments were conducted using real water samples to assess the sorbents' metal sorption capacity. AQM PalPower M10 (consisting mainly of magnesium, iron and silicon oxides) exhibited excellent Zn removal from both industrial wastewater and spiked runoff water samples even at low dosages (0.1 g/L and 0.05 g/L, respectively). The high degree of Zn removal was associated with the release of hydroxyl ions from the sorbent and subsequent precipitation of zinc hydroxide. The biosorbents removed Ni and Cr better than AQM PalPower M10 from industrial wastewater and performed well in removing Cr and Cu from spiked runoff water, although at higher dosages (0.3-0.75 g/L). The main mechanism of sorption by biosorbents was ion exchange. The sorbents required a short contact time to reach equilibrium (15-30 min) in both tested water samples. AQM PalPower T5M5 magnetite was the worst performing sorbent, leaching Zn into both industrial and runoff water and Ni into runoff water. Column tests revealed that both HCl-P and AQM PalPower M10 were able to remove metals, although some leaching was witnessed, especially As from AQM PalPower M10. The low hydraulic conductivity observed for HCl-P may restrict the possibilities of using such small particle size peat material in a filter-type passive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Gogoi
- Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Elisangela Heiderscheidt
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Heini Postila
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Juha Tanskanen
- Chemical Process Engineering, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Cruz DRS, Santos BTJ, Cunha GC, Romão LPC. Green synthesis of a magnetic hybrid adsorbent (CoFe 2O 4/NOM): Removal of chromium from industrial effluent and evaluation of the catalytic potential of recovered chromium ions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 334:76-85. [PMID: 28402897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the removal of chromium ions from industrial effluent using a hybrid magnetic adsorbent, CoFe2O4/NOM, synthesized using water rich in natural organic matter. The hybrid obtained at ambient temperature (HbAmb) was calcined at 200, 400, and 800°C for 2h, and formation of the cobalt ferrite phase was confirmed by XRD, which indicated the presence of NOM in the structure of the material. Removal tests showed that HbAmb provided efficient removal of chromium at the natural pH of the effluent, while the other materials were effective at pH 6. Evaluation of the kinetics showed excellent performance of the process, with 70-87% removal in 20min, which provided a high degree of flexibility. The hybrid showed high removal during five reuse cycles, ranging from 96% in the first cycle to 82% in the final. The matrices containing the saturated adsorbent (HbAmb_Sat) and recovered chromium ions (CrD) showed high performance in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, with conversion rates of 99.9% in short periods of time, as well as excellent potential for reuse in three cycles. The results demonstrated that the production of a technological material and its use for remediation could be achieved in an ecologically sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane R S Cruz
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Bruna T J Santos
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Graziele C Cunha
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Luciane P C Romão
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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Araújo BR, Romão LPC, Doumer ME, Mangrich AS. Evaluation of the interactions between chitosan and humics in media for the controlled release of nitrogen fertilizer. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 190:122-131. [PMID: 28040588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the interactions of peat, humic acids, and humin with urea dispersed in chitosan, in systems intended for the controlled release of urea. Spheres of chitosan with humic material and urea intentionally added to the media were prepared and characterized by means of elemental analysis (CHN), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The spheres possessed functional groups related to humic substances that interacted with the chitosan, and the presence of urea in the media was also confirmed after it has been added. Release experiments demonstrated that the samples released urea in a controlled manner that was dependent on pH, increasing in the order: pH 2.5 < pH 4.0 < pH 9.0. In soil experiments, the degree of release of urea (α) increased over time, with values of 0.44 for chitosan-humic acids-urea (CHAU), 0.48 for chitosan-peat-urea (CPTU), and 0.67 for chitosan-humin-urea (CHMU) obtained in the first day of the experiment. The release of urea did not exceed 70% after 7 days. The results demonstrated the potential of using peat, humic acids, and humin, in combination with chitosan, in order to manufacture controlled release urea fertilizers and contribute to reducing adverse environmental and economic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno R Araújo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Luciane P C Romão
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Marta E Doumer
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Antonio S Mangrich
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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de Oliveira LK, Melo CDA, Fraceto LF, Friese K, Rosa AH. Interaction of arsenic species with tropical river aquatic humic substances enriched with aluminum and iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:6205-6216. [PMID: 26606934 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mobility and bioavailability of arsenic (As) are strongly controlled by adsorption/precipitation processes involving metal oxides. However, the organic matter present in the environment, in combination with these oxides, can also play an important role in the cycle of arsenic. This work concerns the interaction between As and two samples of aquatic humic substances (AHS) from tropical rivers. The AHS were extracted as proposed by IHSS, and were characterized by (13)C NMR. The experiments were conducted with the AHS in natura and enriched with metal cations, with different concentrations of As, and complexation capacity was evaluated at three different pH levels (5.0, 7.0, and 9.0). The AHS samples showed similar chemical compositions. The results suggested that there was no interaction between As(III) and AHS in natura or enriched with Al. Low concentrations of As(V) were bound to AHS in natura. For As(III), the complexation capacity of the AHS enriched with Fe was approximately 48 μmol per g of C, while the values for As(V) were in the range 69-80 μmol per grams of C. Fluorescence spectra showed that changes in Eh affected the complexation reactions of As(V) species with AHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Karla de Oliveira
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Environmental Engineering, UNESP, Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Camila de Almeida Melo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, UNESP, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Araraquara, 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, UNESP, Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto
- Department of Environmental Engineering, UNESP, Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kurt Friese
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Bruckstrasse 3a, 39114, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - André Henrique Rosa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, UNESP, Av. Três de Março, 511, Sorocaba, 18087-180, São Paulo, Brazil
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Oliveira LKD, Molina EF, Moura ALA, de Faria EH, Ciuffi KJ. Synthesis, Characterization, and Environmental Applications of Hybrid Materials Based on Humic Acid Obtained by the Sol-Gel Route. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1478-1485. [PMID: 26700414 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Humic acids (HAs) are ubiquitous macromolecules in the environment. Due to their high contents of oxygenated functional groups, they can interact with contaminants present in the natural environment and therefore influence the behavior of pollutants. However, a pH of 2 or lower is required to maintain HAs in the solid form. To increase the stability of HAs and their capacity to bind to contaminants, this work proposes the development of new hybrid materials based on alkoxysilanes and HAs for environmental applications such as dye adsorption. Three different materials with new functional groups were prepared by employing the following alkoxysilanes: tetraethyl orthosilicate, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and N-[3-(trimethoxylsilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine. The final materials were denoted HWA, HOA, and HTA, respectively, and they were characterized by elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFT), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and N2 gas-volumetric adsorption. The point of zero charge (pzc) and stability of these materials were also determined. Their selectivity was evaluated in adsorption experiments performed with two different charged dyes in aqueous medium, namely anionic rose bengal (RB) and cationic methylene blue (MB). The elemental, DRIFT, SAXS, SEM, and textural analyses confirmed the presence of a combination of the features of HAs and alkoxysilanes. The pzc results showed that the new materials displayed different characteristics and affinities. All the materials were stable in aqueous solution up to pH 10. For MB, the percentage removal values obtained by using HWA, HOA, and HTA were 98, 85, and 67%, respectively. As for RB, the percentage removal values were 19, 18, and 44% for HWA, HOA, and HTA, respectively. These hybrid materials have potential use as adsorbents for the removal of cationic or anionic species and could be viable alternatives to remove various substances present as contaminants in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Ferreira Molina
- Universidade de Franca , Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo Brazil
| | - André L A Moura
- Universidade de Franca , Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Katia Jorge Ciuffi
- Universidade de Franca , Av. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, 14404-600 Franca, São Paulo Brazil
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Santos OS, Mendonça AGR, Santos JCC, Silva APB, Costa SSL, Oliveira LC, Carmo JB, Botero WG. The use of sugar and alcohol industry waste in the adsorption of potentially toxic metals. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 37:279-291. [PMID: 26230635 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1068380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One of the waste products of the industrial process of the sugar and alcohol agribusiness is filter cake (FC). This waste product has high levels of organic matter, mainly proteins and lipids, and is rich in calcium, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorous. In this work we characterized samples of FC from sugar and alcohol industries located in sugarcane-producing regions in Brazil and assessed the adsorption of potentially toxic metals (Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Ni(II) and Cr(III)) by this waste in mono- and multi-elemental systems, seeking to use FC as an adsorbent in contaminated environments. The characterization of FCs showed significant differences between the samples and the adsorption studies showed retention of over 90% of potentially toxic metals. In a competitive environment (multi-metallic solution), the FC was effective in adsorbing all metals except lead, but less effective compared to the mono-metallic solution. These results show the potential for use of this residue as an adsorbent in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oseas Silva Santos
- a Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology , PPGQB/UFAL at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) , Maceió , Brazil
| | - André Gustavo Ribeiro Mendonça
- a Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology , PPGQB/UFAL at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) , Maceió , Brazil
| | - Josué Carinhanha Caldas Santos
- a Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology , PPGQB/UFAL at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) , Maceió , Brazil
| | - Amanda Paulina Bezerra Silva
- a Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology , PPGQB/UFAL at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) , Maceió , Brazil
| | - Silvanio Silverio Lopes Costa
- b Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Center of Exact Sciences and Technology , Federal University of Sergipe (UFS) , São Cristovão-SE 49100-000 , Brazil
| | - Luciana Camargo Oliveira
- c Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring , PPGBMA at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , Sorocaba , Brazil
| | - Janaina Braga Carmo
- c Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Environmental Monitoring , PPGBMA at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , Sorocaba , Brazil
| | - Wander Gustavo Botero
- a Post-Graduate Program in Chemistry and Biotechnology , PPGQB/UFAL at the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) , Maceió , Brazil
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Abu-Zurayk RA, Al Bakain RZ, Hamadneh I, Al-Dujaili AH. Adsorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by surfactant-modified diatomaceous earth: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Jabasingh SA, Lalith D, Garre P. Sorption of chromium(VI) from electroplating effluent onto chitin immobilized Mucor racemosus sorbent (CIMRS) impregnated in rotating disk contactor blades. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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de Oliveira LK, Melo CA, Goveia D, Lobo FA, Armienta Hernández MA, Fraceto LF, Rosa AH. Adsorption/desorption of arsenic by tropical peat: influence of organic matter, iron and aluminium. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:149-59. [PMID: 25413109 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.939999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to investigate the interaction of arsenic species (As(III) and As(V)) with tropical peat. Peat samples collected in Brazil were characterized using elemental analysis and 13C NMR. Adsorption experiments were performed using different concentrations of As with peat in natura and enriched with Fe or Al, at three different pH levels. Peat samples, in natura or enriched with metals, were analysed before and after adsorption processes using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption kinetics was evaluated, and the data were fitted using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results showed that interaction between As and peat was dependent on the levels of organic matter (OM) and the metals (Fe and Al). As(III) was not adsorbed by in natura peat or Al-enriched peat, although small amounts of As(III) were adsorbed by Fe-enriched peat. Adsorption of As(V) by the different peat samples ranged from 21.3 to 52.7 μg g(-1). The best fit to the results was obtained using the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption of As(V) could be described by the Freundlich isotherm model. The results showed that Fe-enriched peat was most effective in immobilizing As(V). FTIR analysis revealed the formation of ternary complexes involving As(V) and peat enriched with metals, suggesting that As(V) was associated with Al or Fe-OM complexes by metal bridging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lílian Karla de Oliveira
- a Institute of Chemistry , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , Rua Prof. Francisco Degni 55, Araraquara SP 18087-180 , Brazil
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17
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A Study on the Removal of Cr(VI) Ions by Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Stems Dehydrated with Sulfuric Acid. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-014-1266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Removal of Astrazone Blue from aqueous solutions onto brown peat. Equilibrium and kinetics studies. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Araújo BR, Reis JOM, Rezende EIP, Mangrich AS, Wisniewski A, Dick DP, Romão LPC. Application of termite nest for adsorption of Cr(VI). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 129:216-223. [PMID: 23954388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work proposes the use of tree termite nest as an adsorbent for the reduction/removal of Cr(VI) present in aqueous solution. In laboratory experiments, adsorption of Cr(VI) was sensitive to pH in the range investigated (2-5), with maximum adsorption capacity achieved at pH 2 (3.70 ± 0.04 mg g(-1), representing 93.2% removal of Cr). The termite nest was characterized by off-line pyrolysis GC/MS (py-GC/MS), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Pyrolysis of the adsorbent produced a complex mixture of aromatic compounds, including the guaiacyl and syringilic derivatives that are characteristic of lignocellulosic materials. Infrared spectroscopy revealed deprotonation of the carboxylic acid group of the biomass with increasing pH, which was associated with a decrease in the capacity for adsorption of Cr(VI). The EPR g-factor for the termite nest samples varied between 2.0037 and 2.0038, indicating the presence of organic free radicals that were responsible for the redox reaction. A second line with g-factor values of 1.9790, only observed for the samples after contact with Cr(VI) solutions at different pH values, was assigned to Cr(III)-Cr(III) exchange coupled pairs, which explained the capacity of the adsorbent to retain a large portion of the Cr(III) ions produced after reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Fixed-bed column experiments showed that the termite nest had a maximum adsorption capacity of 18.60 mg Cr g(-1), an adsorption efficiency varying between 60.8 and 97.4%, and a desorption efficiency varying between 54.5 and 91.4%, for three successive cycles. The adsorbent presented excellent performance in the removal of chromium under acidic conditions, with the advantage that it could be regenerated and reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Araújo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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20
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Ouadjenia-Marouf F, Marouf R, Schott J, Yahiaoui A. Removal of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solution by dam silt. ARAB J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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21
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Biosorption of Cr(III) and Pb(II) by Schoenoplectus californicus and Insights into the Binding Mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/851602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biosorption and desorption of chromium and lead on shoots biomass of Schoenoplectus californicus were investigated by performing batch sorption tests in different conditions of pH, biosorbent dose, and initial concentration in simple and binary solutions. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were employed to describe sorption equilibrium. Filters and biomass were characterized before and after treatments by environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometry. The optimal conditions for biosorption were found to be pH 5 for both metals. The contact time to reach pseudoequilibrium changed as a function of pH and the metal studied. The highest optimisation of biosorbent dose was 5 g L−1 at pH 7 and 15 g L−1 at pH 5 for both metals. The most effective extracting agents for lead and chromium proved to be HNO3 and NaOH, respectively. The recovery of lead was greater than of chromium because the Cr(III) sorption mechanisms involve a stronger binding energy than the mechanisms for Pb(II), such as in intern sphere complexes. Both metals accounted for a high % removal (>90%) under the best sorption conditions. The use of Schoenoplectus californicus proved to be an efficient and economical alternative for the treatment of effluents contaminated with lead and chromium.
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22
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Sepulveda LA, Santana CC. Effect of solution temperature, pH and ionic strength on dye adsorption onto Magellanic peat. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:967-977. [PMID: 23837348 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.724251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to study the effect of the solution temperature, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of the Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and Acid Black 1 (AB1) dyes in Magellanic peat. The peat used was physically characterized as fibrous, of low decomposition level, without the presence of crystalline material and with a highly porous morphology. The functional groups with major concentration in the surface adsorbent were the carboxylics and phenolics, with values of 0.91 and 0.47 mmol/g, respectively. The results of the batch assays showed that the adsorption of the AB1 dye was strongly dependent of electrical charge density on the surface, contrary to what occurred to the BB3 dye, because the interactions between the dyes and carboxylic groups of the peat could be either electrostatic or non-electrostatic. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips isotherm models were fitted to the experimental data; among them, the Sips model presented the best adjustment quality. The maximum adsorption capacities for BB3 and AB1 dyes were 33.1 and 33.7 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption of BB3 dye onto Magellan peat has an exothermic behaviour, obtaining an adsorption enthalpy of -3.44 kJ/mol. Contrarily the adsorption of AB1 has an adsorption enthalpy of 56.76 kJ/mol.
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23
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Chakravarty R, Khan MMR, Das AR, Guha AK. Biosorptive removal of chromium by husk ofLathyrus sativus: Evaluation of the binding mechanism, kinetic and equilibrium study. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Chakravarty
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata; India
| | - Md. Motiar R. Khan
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata; India
| | - Akhil R. Das
- Polymer Science Unit; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata; India
| | - Arun K. Guha
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; Kolkata; India
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24
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Gagrai MK, Das C, Golder AK. Non-ideal metal binding model for Cr(III) sorption usingSpirulina platensisbiomass: Experimental and theoretical approach. CAN J CHEM ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Gagrai
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati Assam 781 039 India
| | - Chandan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati Assam 781 039 India
| | - Animes Kumar Golder
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Guwahati Assam 781 039 India
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25
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Cunha GC, Romão LPC, Santos MC, Costa AS, Alexandre MR. A green strategy for desorption of trihalomethanes adsorbed by humin and reuse of the fixed bed column. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 209-210:9-17. [PMID: 22321857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a thermal desorption method for the removal of trihalomethanes (THM) adsorbed by humin, followed by multiple recycling of the fixed bed column in order to avoid excessive consumption of materials and reduce operating costs. The results obtained for adsorption on a fixed bed column confirmed the effectiveness of humin as an adsorbent, extracting between 45.9% and 90.1% of the total THM (TTHM). In none of the tests was the column fully saturated after 10h. Experiments involving thermal desorption were used to evaluate the potential of the technique for column regeneration. The adsorptive capacity of the humin bed increased significantly (p<0.05) between the first and fifth desorption cycle, by 18.9%, 18.1%, 24.2%, 20.2% and 24.2% for CHBr(3), CHBr(2)Cl, CHBrCl(2), CHCl(3) and TTHM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
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26
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Costa AS, Romão LPC, Araújo BR, Lucas SCO, Maciel STA, Wisniewski A, Alexandre MR. Environmental strategies to remove volatile aromatic fractions (BTEX) from petroleum industry wastewater using biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 105:31-39. [PMID: 22178487 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the potentials of peat and angico hardwood sawdust to remove BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and isomers of xylene) from the produced water discharged into aquatic systems during petroleum extraction. Peat and angico sawdust samples were pyrolyzed at 500°C, and found to contain n-alkenes, n-alkanes and pentacyclic triterpenes (peat), and 4-methoxyphenol, 1,4-dimethoxyphenol and 1,3,4-trimethoxyphenol (angico sawdust). In batch experiments, the removal capacities using peat were 32.4%, 50.0%, 63.0%, 67.8%, and 61.8% for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylenes and o-xylene, respectively. This compared with removal capacities using angico sawdust of 20.2%, 36.4%, 52.8%, 57.8%, and 53.7% for these compounds respectively, demonstrating the superior performance of the peat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Costa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
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27
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Santosa SJ, Sudiono S, Siswanta D, Kunarti ES, Dewi SR. Mechanism of the Removal of AuCl−4 Ions from Aqueous Solution by Means of Peat Soil Humin. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.29.8.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Juari Santosa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos Bls. 21, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Sudiono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos Bls. 21, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Siswanta
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos Bls. 21, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eko Sri Kunarti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos Bls. 21, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shinta Rosalia Dewi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos Bls. 21, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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28
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Silva E, Vaz L, Veit M, Fagundes-Klen M, Cossich E, Tavares C, Cardozo-Filho L, Guirardello R. Biosorption of Chromium(III) and Copper(II) Ions onto Marine Alga Sargassum sp. in a Fixed-bed Column. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.28.5.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Campus Toledo, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jardin La Salle, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR - Brazil
| | - L.G.L. Vaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Campus Toledo, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jardin La Salle, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR - Brazil
| | - M.T. Veit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Campus Toledo, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jardin La Salle, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR - Brazil
| | - M.R. Fagundes-Klen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Campus Toledo, Rua da Faculdade 645, Jardin La Salle, CEP 85903-000, Toledo, PR - Brazil
| | - E.S. Cossich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-9001, Maringá, PR - Brazil
| | - C.R.G. Tavares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-9001, Maringá, PR - Brazil
| | - L. Cardozo-Filho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-9001, Maringá, PR - Brazil
| | - R. Guirardello
- Department of Chemical Processes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Albert Einstein 500, 13083970, Campinas, SP, Brazil, Caixa-Postal: 6066
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29
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Anwar J, Shafique U, Salman M, Anwar S, Anzano JM. Removal of chromium (III) by using coal as adsorbent. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 171:797-801. [PMID: 19592161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of Cr(III) by two different coal varieties from Lakhra and Thar coalfields (Pakistan) have been studied in batch mode. The effect of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time and agitation speed on the adsorption of Cr(III) by both the coals were investigated. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 40-50 min. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were used to elucidate the observed sorption phenomena. The maximum Cr(III) removal was 2.61 mg of Cr(III) per gram of LC (Lakhra coal) and 2.55 mg of Cr(III) per gram of TC (Thar coal) as evaluated from Langmuir isotherm. The heat of sorption was in the range 3.75-3.87 kJ/mol as evaluated from Temkin isotherm. Best results were obtained at pH>5. It is proposed that low rank coals of Pakistan can be used for removal of toxic metals like Cr(III) from industrial effluents/waste waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Anwar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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