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Cai Q, Xu M, Ma J, Zhang X, Yang G, Long L, Chen C, Wu J, Song C, Xiao Y. Improvement of cadmium immobilization in contaminated paddy soil by using ureolytic bacteria and rice straw. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162594. [PMID: 36870501 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil can be immobilized via microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP), but it poses a risk to the properties and eco-function of the soil. In this study, rice straw coupled with Sporosarcina pasteurii (S. pasteurii) was used to treat Cd-contaminated paddy soil with minimizing the detrimental effects of MICP. Results showed that the application of rice straw coupled with S. pasteurii reduced Cd bioavailability. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that Cd immobilization efficiency was increased in the rice straw coupled with S. pasteurii treatment via co-precipitating with CaCO3. Moreover, rice straw coupled with S. pasteurii enhanced soil fertility and ecological functions as reflected by the high amount of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AN) (14.9 %), available phosphorus (AP) (13.6 %), available potassium (AK) (60.0 %), catalase (9.95 %), dehydrogenase (736 %), and phosphatase (214 %). Further, the relative abundance of dominant phyla such as Proteobacteria and Firmicutes significantly increased when applying both rice straw coupled with S. pasteurii. The most significant environmental factors that affected the composition of the bacterial community were AP (41.2 %), phosphatase (34.2 %), and AK (8.60 %). In conclusion, using rice straw mixed with S. pasteurii is a promising application to treat Cd-contaminated paddy soil due to its positive effects on treating soil Cd as well as its ability to reduce the detrimental effects of the MICP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cai
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Xu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jing Ma
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lulu Long
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chun Song
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yinlong Xiao
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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2
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Yang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Lu T, Wang Z, Qiu G. Sustainable and reagent-free cathodic precipitation for high-efficiency removal of heavy metals from soil leachate. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121002. [PMID: 36608733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution of soils has become a serious environmental problem. Soil washing with degradable reagents is an effective remediation technique of heavy metal pollution, and the generated leachate must be appropriately treated before discharge. However, the existing methods usually have the problems of large consumption of regents, high cost, and secondary pollution. This study proposed a reagent-free electrochemical precipitation method to remove mixed heavy metal ions extracted from soils by citrate using inert electrodes (IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti anode and graphite cathode). The results showed that the low potential of cathode led to the electrodeposition of Cd; the local alkaline environment provided by electro-mediated water reduction caused the hydrolytic precipitation of Zn and Pb; and the precipitation of Fe washed out from Fe-rich soil resulted in the coprecipitation of As on cathode surface. These combined cathodic precipitation processes decreased the concentrations of toxic heavy metals by over 99.4% after 12 h of electrolysis at 26 mA cm-2. The electrodes exhibited high stability after multiple successive cycles of reuse. The concentrations of As, Zn, Pb and Cd in the leachate decreased to below the limits of industrial wastewater discharge in each cycle, and those in soils could be reduced by 53.8%, 58.8%, 25.5%, and 70.2% at the initial concentrations of 1549, 1016, 310 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively. The heavy metal removal rate increased with increasing current density in the range of 0-52 mA cm-2. This work provides an efficient and sustainable method for the remediation of site soils polluted by mixed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Feng SJ. The era of low-permeability sites remediation and corresponding technologies: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137264. [PMID: 36400189 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rational utilization of soil resources and remediation of contaminated soils are imperative due to the rapidly growing demand for clean soils. Currently, many in-situ remediation technologies are less suitable at low-permeability sites due to the limitations of soil permeability. This work defines a low-permeability site as a site with hydraulic conductivity less than 10-4 cm/s, and summarizes the migration characteristics of representative contaminants at low-permeability sites, and discusses the principles and practical applications of different technologies suitable for the remediation of low-permeability sites, including electrokinetic remediation technology, polymer flushing technology, fracturing technology, and in-situ thermal remediation technology. Enhanced and combined remediation technologies are further described because one remediation technology cannot remediate all contaminants. The prospects for the application of remediation technologies to low-permeability sites are also proposed. This work highlights the necessity of low-permeability sites remediation and the urgent need for new remediation technologies, with the hope to inspire future research on low-permeability sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shi-Jin Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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4
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Rajoria S, Vashishtha M, Sangal VK. Treatment of electroplating industry wastewater: a review on the various techniques. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:72196-72246. [PMID: 35084684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution by recalcitrant compounds is an increasingly important problem due to the continuous introduction of new chemicals into the environment. Choosing appropriate measures and developing successful strategies for eliminating hazardous wastewater contaminants from industrial processes is currently a primary goal. Electroplating industry wastewater involves highly toxic cyanide (CN), heavy metal ions, oils and greases, organic solvents, and the complicated composition of effluents and may also contain biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), SS, DS, TS, and turbidity. The availability of these metal ions in electroplating industry wastewater makes the water so toxic and corrosive. Because these heavy metals are harmful to living things, they must be removed to prevent them from being absorbed by plants, animals, and humans. As a result, exposure to electroplating wastewater can induce necrosis and nephritis in humans and lung cancer, digestive system cancer, anemia, hepatitis, and maxillary sinus cancer with prolonged exposure. For the safe discharge of electroplating industry effluents, appropriate wastewater treatment has to be provided. This article examines and assesses new approaches such as coagulation and flocculation, chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane filtration, adsorption, electrochemical treatment, and advanced oxidation process (AOP) for treating the electroplating industry wastewater. On the other hand, these physicochemical approaches have significant drawbacks, including a high initial investment and operating cost due to costly chemical reagents, the production of metal complexes sludge that needs additional treatment, and a long recovery process. At the same time, advanced techniques such as electrochemical treatment can remove various kinds of organic and inorganic contaminants such as BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The electrochemical treatment process has several advantages over traditional technologies, including complete removal of persistent organic pollutants, environmental friendliness, ease of integration with other conventional technologies, less sludge production, high separation, and shorter residence time. The effectiveness of the electrochemical treatment process depends on various parameters, including pH, electrode material, operation time, electrode gap, and current density. This review mainly emphasizes the removal of heavy metals and another pollutant such as CN from electroplating discharge. This paper will be helpful in the selection of efficient techniques for treatment based on the quantity and characteristics of the effluent produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Rajoria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manish Vashishtha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Vikas K Sangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.
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Figueiredo D, Ferreira A, Quelhas P, Schulze PSC, Gouveia L. Nannochloropsis oceanica harvested using electrocoagulation with alternative electrodes - An innovative approach on potential biomass applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126222. [PMID: 34715333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation is a promising technology to harvest microalgal biomass. However, the commonly used aluminum electrodes release undesired salts that decrease biomass value. In this study, alternative iron, zinc, and magnesium electrodes and operational parameters pH, time and current density were studied to harvest Nannochloropsis oceanica. For recovery efficiency and concentration factor the initial pH was most important using iron electrodes, while time and current density were more relevant using zinc and magnesium electrodes. Optimal parameters resulted in biomass recovery efficiencies > 95%, biomass was concentrated 2.8-7.2 times and contained 15.7-29.1% ashes. Elemental analysis revealed metal salts in harvested biomass resulting from electrode corrosion. Finally, ash contents could be reduced by 65% using EDTA as a chelating agent. The electrocoagulation harvested microalgal biomass enriched in essential metals may be a promising bioresource for agricultural growth inducers, or functional ingredients for feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Figueiredo
- GreenCoLab, Green Ocean Technologies and Products Collaborative Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Alice Ferreira
- LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Quelhas
- Allmicroalgae Natural Products S.A., R&D Department, Rua 25 de Abril 19, 2445-287 Pataias, Portugal
| | - Peter S C Schulze
- GreenCoLab, Green Ocean Technologies and Products Collaborative Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Luisa Gouveia
- GreenCoLab, Green Ocean Technologies and Products Collaborative Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; LNEG, National Laboratory of Energy and Geology I.P., Bioenergy and Biorefineries Unit, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar 22, 1649-038 Lisbon, Portugal.
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6
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Tong J, Zhu Z, He M, Zhou P, Jiang Y, Wang Z. Electrochemical degradation kinetics of cleaning wastewater containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vidu R, Matei E, Predescu AM, Alhalaili B, Pantilimon C, Tarcea C, Predescu C. Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewaters: A Challenge from Current Treatment Methods to Nanotechnology Applications. TOXICS 2020; 8:E101. [PMID: 33182698 PMCID: PMC7711730 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Removing heavy metals from wastewaters is a challenging process that requires constant attention and monitoring, as heavy metals are major wastewater pollutants that are not biodegradable and thus accumulate in the ecosystem. In addition, the persistent nature, toxicity and accumulation of heavy metal ions in the human body have become the driving force for searching new and more efficient water treatment technologies to reduce the concentration of heavy metal in waters. Because the conventional techniques will not be able to keep up with the growing demand for lower heavy metals levels in drinking water and wastewaters, it is becoming increasingly challenging to implement technologically advanced alternative water treatments. Nanotechnology offers a number of advantages compared to other methods. Nanomaterials are more efficient in terms of cost and volume, and many process mechanisms are better and faster at nanoscale. Although nanomaterials have already proved themselves in water technology, there are specific challenges related to their stability, toxicity and recovery, which led to innovations to counteract them. Taking into account the multidisciplinary research of water treatment for the removal of heavy metals, the present review provides an updated report on the main technologies and materials used for the removal of heavy metals with an emphasis on nanoscale materials and processes involved in the heavy metals removal and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Vidu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest,060042 Bucharest, Romania or (R.V.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (C.P.)
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ecaterina Matei
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest,060042 Bucharest, Romania or (R.V.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Andra Mihaela Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest,060042 Bucharest, Romania or (R.V.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Badriyah Alhalaili
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Program, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City 13109, Kuwait;
| | - Cristian Pantilimon
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest,060042 Bucharest, Romania or (R.V.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Claudia Tarcea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest,060042 Bucharest, Romania or (R.V.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristian Predescu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest,060042 Bucharest, Romania or (R.V.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (C.P.)
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8
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Ke X, Zhang FJ, Zhou Y, Zhang HJ, Guo GL, Tian Y. Removal of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu in smelter soil by citric acid leaching. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126690. [PMID: 32387903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing has been verified as a feasible technology for source reduction for contaminated soil with heavy metals. We conducted batch and column leaching experiments to investigate the removal of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn from smelter soil by citric acid. The removal efficiency of heavy metals by batch leaching reached a maximum (89.1% Cd, 26.8% Pb, 41.7% Zn, 14.2% Cu) at a concentration of 0.1 M and a pH of 5. Citric acid also removed 91.3%, 11.1%, 39.2% and 11.1% of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu respectively after column leaching. Citric acid mainly removed exchangeable, carbonate bound and oxide bound Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn fractions. Vertical distributions of Cd, Cu and Zn similarly increased with increasing soil depth. Chestnut shells were applied to the recovery of citric acid from the waste eluent, which removed 84.4%, 97.5%, 74.6%, 70.3% of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu, respectively, due to chestnut shell chelation. Fresh and regenerated citric acid was used in batch leaching of heavy metal-contaminated soil, and they showed similar ability to extract heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ke
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
| | - Fei Jie Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China; Technical Centre For, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 100012, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
| | - Hai Jun Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
| | - Guan Lin Guo
- Technical Centre For, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, 100012, Beijing, China.
| | - Yu Tian
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and College of Energy and Environmental, Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136, Shen Yang, China
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Kullappan M, Chaudhury MK. Extraction of Organic-Free Water from Detergent Stabilized Emulsion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cheng H, Huang L, Ma P, Shi Y. Ecological Risk and Restoration Measures Relating to Heavy Metal Pollution in Industrial and Mining Wastelands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3985. [PMID: 31635357 PMCID: PMC6843931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16203985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we applied an integrated approach to an ecological risk evaluation of heavy metal pollution in industrial and mining wastelands in Yangxin County, China. A total of 72 sampling sites were designated in the study area. The results show that the potential ecological risk levels of Hg and Cd are higher, and the coefficient of variation of mercury levels is large. Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, and As are all at low potential ecological risk. The land types with relatively high ecological risks are alum and coal mines. In the soil of alum mines, the risk due to mercury is higher, while in coal mine soil, the risk due to cadmium is relatively higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangxin Cheng
- School of Arts and Communication, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Pengtu Ma
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430000, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Wuhan Zondygreen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, China.
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Delil AD, Köleli N. Investigation of a combined continuous flow system for the removal of Pb and Cd from heavily contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:181-187. [PMID: 31078032 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined continuous flow system was designed to remove Pb and Cd from heavily contaminated mine tailing soils. 0.05 M Na2EDTA was used as a chelating agent to remove Pb and Cd from polluted soil, taken from the vicinity of Kayseri ÇİNKUR, Turkey. The initial concentrations of Pb and Cd were 16381 ± 643 and 34347 ± 1310 mg kg-1, respectively. The electrochemical treatment process was applied to the waste washing solution, which emerged after being extracted from soil column and contained Pb and Cd. Metal ions were transformed to the metallic form by applying the electrochemical treatment process to the washing solution, containing Pb2+ and Cd2+. At the end of the leaching experiment, which was done with a 50 g soil sample in the soil column system, Pb and Cd removal efficiencies from soil were 59.72% and 58.01%, respectively. Then, the soil column solution was subjected to electrolysis through a 48 h period at 10 V. The electrochemical removal efficiency of ions, which moved from column to solution, was 84.46% for Pb and 59.21% for Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydeniz D Delil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mersin University, Çiftlikköy Campus, Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Nurcan Köleli
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Zhao Z, Liu Z, Wang H, Dong W, Wang W. Sequential application of Fenton and ozone-based oxidation process for the abatement of Ni-EDTA containing nickel plating effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:238-245. [PMID: 29571144 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of Ni-EDTA in industrial nickel plating effluents was investigated by integrated application of Fenton and ozone-based oxidation processes. Determination of integrated sequence found that Fenton oxidation presented higher apparent kinetic rate constant of Ni-EDTA oxidation and capacity for contamination load than ozone-based oxidation process, the latter, however, was favorable to guarantee the further mineralization of organic substances, especially at a low concentration. Serial-connection mode of two oxidation processes was appraised, Fenton effluent after treated by hydroxide precipitation and filtration negatively affected the overall performance of the sequential system, as evidenced by the removal efficiencies of Ni2+ and TOC dropping from 99.8% to 98.7%, and from 74.8% to 66.6%, respectively. As a comparison, O3/Fe2+ oxidation process was proved to be more effective than other processes (e.g. O3-Fe2+, O3/H2O2/Fe2+, O3/H2O2-Fe2+), and the final effluent Ni2+ concentration could satisfied the discharge standard (<0.1 mg L-1, China) under the optimal conditions (H2O2 dosage of 1.0 mL L-1, Fe2+: H2O2 mole ratio of 1.46, and reaction time of 10 min for Fenton reaction, initial influent pH of 3.0, O3 dosage of 252 mg L-1, Fe2+ of 150 mg L-1, and reaction time of 30 min for O3/Fe2+ oxidation). Furthermore, pilot-scale test was carried out to study the practical treatability towards the real nickel plating effluent, revealing the effective removal of some other co-existence contaminations. And Fenton reaction has contributed most, with the percentage ranging from 72.41% to 93.76%. The economic cost advantage made it a promising alternative to the continuous Fenton oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- School of Hehai, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, PR China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Zekun Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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Zhao Z, Dong W, Wang H, Chen G, Tang J, Wu Y. Simultaneous decomplexation in blended Cu(II)/Ni(II)-EDTA systems by electro-Fenton process using iron sacrificing electrodes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 350:128-135. [PMID: 29466779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This research explored the application of electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) technique for the simultaneous decomplexation in blended Cu(II)/Ni(II)-EDTA systems by using iron sacrificing electrodes. Standard discharge (0.3 mg L-1 for Cu and 0.1 mg L-1 for Ni in China) could be achieved after 30 min reaction under the optimum conditions (i.e. initial solution pH of 2.0, H2O2 dosage of 6 mL L-1 h-1, current density of 20 mA/cm2, inter-electrode distance of 2 cm, and sulfate electrolyte concentration of 2000 mg L-1). The distinct differences in apparent kinetic rate constants (kapp) and intermediate removal efficiencies corresponding to mere and blended systems indicated the mutual promotion effect toward the decomplexation between Cu(II) and Ni(II). Massive accumulation of Fe(Ⅲ) favored the further removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) by metal ion substitution. Species distribution results demonstrated that the decomplexation of metal-EDTA in E-Fenton process was mainly contributed to the combination of various reactions, including Fenton reaction together with the anodic oxidation, electro-coagulation (E-coagulation) and electrodeposition. Unlike hypophosphite and citrate, the presence of chlorine ion displayed favorable effects on the removal efficiencies of Cu(II) and Ni(II) at low dosage, but facilitated the ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal only at high dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenyi Dong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guanhan Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junyi Tang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Nariyan E, Sillanpää M, Wolkersdorfer C. Uranium removal from Pyhäsalmi/Finland mine water by batch electrocoagulation and optimization with the response surface methodology. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Al-Qodah Z, Al-Shannag M. Heavy metal ions removal from wastewater using electrocoagulation processes: A comprehensive review. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1373677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Al-Qodah
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Al-Shannag
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Garcia-Segura S, Eiband MMS, de Melo JV, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrocoagulation and advanced electrocoagulation processes: A general review about the fundamentals, emerging applications and its association with other technologies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Li L, Huang Z, Fan X, Zhang Z, Dou R, Wen S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Hu Y. Preparation and Characterization of a Pd modified Ti/SnO 2 -Sb anode and its electrochemical degradation of Ni-EDTA. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Cao Y, Zhang S, Wang G, Huang Q, Li T, Xu X. Removal of Pb, Zn, and Cd from contaminated soil by new washing agent from plant material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8525-8533. [PMID: 28191616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8542-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing is an effective approach to remove soil heavy metals, and the washing agent is generally regarded as one of the primary factors in the process, but there is still a lack of efficient and eco-friendly agents for this technique. Here, we showed that four plant washing agents-from water extracts of Coriaria nepalensis (CN), Clematis brevicaudata (CB), Pistacia weinmannifolia (PW), and Ricinus communis (RC)-could be feasible agents for the removal of soil lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd). The metal removal efficiencies of the agents increased with their concentrations from 20 to 80 g L-1, decreased with the increasing solution pH, and presented different trends with the reaction time increasing. CN among the four agents had the highest removal efficiencies of soil Pb (62.02%) and Zn (29.18%) but owned the relatively low Cd removal efficiencies (21.59%). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the abilities of plant washing agents for the removal of soil heavy metals may result from bioactive substances with specific functional groups such as -COOH, -NH2, and -OH. Our study provided CN as the best washing agents for the remediation of contaminated soil by heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Cao
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Qinling Huang
- Sichuan Dadishanchuan Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd, Jinniu, 610000, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
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Ye X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Dou R, Wen S, Li L, Chen Y, Hu Y. Treatment of Ni-EDTA containing wastewater by electrocoagulation using iron scraps packed-bed anode. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:304-313. [PMID: 27592320 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The unique electrocoagulator proposed in this study is highly efficient at removing Ni-EDTA, providing a potential remediation option for wastewater containing lower concentrations of Ni-EDTA (Ni ≤ 10 mg L-1). In the electrocoagulation (EC) system, cylindrical graphite was used as a cathode, and a packed-bed formed from iron scraps was used as an anode. The results showed that the removal of Ni-EDTA increased with the application of current and favoured acidic conditions. We also found that the iron scrap packed-bed anode was superior in its treatment ability and specific energy consumption (SECS) compared with the iron rod anode. In addition, the packed density and temperature had a large influence on the energy consumption (ECS). Over 94.3% of Ni and 95.8% of TOC were removed when conducting the EC treatment at an applied current of 0.5 A, initial pH of 3, air-purged rate 0.2 L min-1, anode packed density of 400 kg m-3 temperature of 313 K and time of 30 min. SEM analysis of the iron scraps indicated that the specific area of the anode increased after the EC. The XRD analysis of flocs produced during EC revealed that hematite (α-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) were the main by-products under aerobic and anoxic conditions, respectively. A kinetic study demonstrated that the removal of Ni-EDTA followed a first-order model with the current parameters. Moreover, the removal efficiency of real wastewater was essentially consistent with that of synthetic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Junya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Rongni Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Shulong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lianghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - YongYou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecological Remediation for Industrial Agglomeration Area, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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20
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Xu X, Yao P, Li T, Wang G, Gong G, Li Y, Deng O. Effects of surfactants on low-molecular-weight organic acids to wash soil zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4629-4638. [PMID: 26527338 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil washing is an effective approach to the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil. In this study, the effects of the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) on oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid used to remove zinc from contaminated soils were investigated. The Zn removal efficiencies of all washing solutions showed a logarithmic increase with acid concentrations from 0.5 to 10.0 g/L, while they decreased as pH increased from 4 to 9. Increasing the reaction time enhanced the effects of surfactants on Zn removal efficiencies by the acids during washing and significantly (P < 0.05) improved the removal under some mixed cases. Oxalic acid suffered antagonistic effects from the three surfactants and seriously damaged soil nutrients during the removal of soil Zn. Notably, the three surfactants caused synergistic effects on tartaric and citric acid during washing, with NPAM leading to an increase in Zn removal by 5.0 g/L citric acid of 10.60 % (P < 0.05) within 2 h. NPAM also alleviated the loss of cation exchange capacity of washed soils and obviously improved soil nitrogen concentrations. Overall, combining citric acid with NPAM offers a promising approach to the removal of zinc from contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yao
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ouping Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang J, Jiang J, Li D, Li T, Li K, Tian S. Removal of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil by different washing methods: the influence of reagents and ultrasound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:20084-20091. [PMID: 26300361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pb and Zn contamination in agricultural soils has become an important issue for human health and the environment. Washing is an effective method for remediating polluted soil. Here, we compare several washing materials and methods in the treatment of Pb- and Zn-polluted farmland soil. We examined four washing reagents, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, Na2EDTA, and tartaric acid, all of which independently removed Zn at rates >65 %. Combining washing reagents markedly enhanced heavy metal removal, by using Na2EDTA and either tartaric acid or lactate in sequence: Pb and Zn removal rates improved to 84.1 and 82.1 % for Na2EDTA-tartaric acid; and to 88.3 and 89.9 % for Na2EDTA-lactate, respectively. Additionally, combining ultrasound with conventional washing methods markedly improved washing efficiency, by shortening washing duration by 96 %. We achieved similar removal rates using ultrasound for 10 min, compared with traditional mechanical vibration alone for 4 h. We concluded that treating Pb- and Zn-contaminated soil with appropriate washing reagents under optimal conditions can greatly enhance the remediation of polluted farmland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Management and Environment Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Dean Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tianran Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kaimin Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sicong Tian
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Bazrafshan E, Mohammadi L, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Mahvi AH. Heavy metals removal from aqueous environments by electrocoagulation process- a systematic review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2015; 13:74. [PMID: 26512324 PMCID: PMC4624377 DOI: 10.1186/s40201-015-0233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution has become a more serious environmental problem in the last several decades as a result releasing toxic materials into the environment. Various techniques such as physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical processes were used for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents. The commonly used conventional biological treatments processes are not only time consuming but also need large operational area. Accordingly, it seems that these methods are not cost-effective for effluent containing toxic elements. Advanced oxidation techniques result in high treatment cost and are generally used to obtain high purity grade water. The chemical coagulation technique is slow and generates large amount of sludge. Electrocoagulation is an electrochemical technique with many applications. This process has recently attracted attention as a potential technique for treating industrial wastewater due to its versatility and environmental compatibility. This process has been applied for the treatment of many kinds of wastewater such as landfill leachate, restaurant, carwash, slaughterhouse, textile, laundry, tannery, petroleum refinery wastewater and for removal of bacteria, arsenic, fluoride, pesticides and heavy metals from aqueous environments. The objective of the present manuscript is to review the potential of electrocoagulation process for the treatment of domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents, especially removal of heavy metals from aqueous environments. About 100 published studies (1977-2016) are reviewed in this paper. It is evident from the literature survey articles that electrocoagulation are the most frequently studied for the treatment of heavy metal wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edris Bazrafshan
- />Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- />Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- />Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- />National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Gatsios E, Hahladakis JN, Gidarakos E. Optimization of electrocoagulation (EC) process for the purification of a real industrial wastewater from toxic metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 154:117-127. [PMID: 25721979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the efficiency evaluation of electrocoagulation (EC) in removing toxic metals from a real industrial wastewater, collected from Aspropyrgos, Athens, Greece was investigated. Manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) at respective concentrations of 5 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L were present in the wastewater (pH=6), originated from the wastes produced by EBO-PYRKAL munitions industry and Hellenic Petroleum Elefsis Refineries. The effect of operational parameters such as electrode combination and distance, applied current, initial pH and initial metal concentration, was studied. The results indicated that Cu and Zn were totally removed in all experiments, while Mn exhibited equally high removal percentages (approximately 90%). Decreasing the initial pH and increasing the distance between electrodes, resulted in a negative effect on the efficiency and energy consumption of the process. On the other hand, increasing the applied current, favored metal removal but resulted in a power consumption increase. Different initial concentrations did not affect metal removal efficiency. The optimal results, regarding both cost and EC efficiency, were obtained with a combination of iron electrodes, at 2 cm distance, at initial current of 0.1 A and pH=6. After 90 min of treatment, maximum removal percentages obtained were 89% for Mn, 100% for Cu and 100% for Zn, at an energy consumption of 2.55 kWh/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Gatsios
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
| | - John N Hahladakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
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24
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Gatsios E, Hahladakis JN, Gidarakos E. Optimization of electrocoagulation (EC) process for the purification of a real industrial wastewater from toxic metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 218:129-138. [PMID: 25721979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the efficiency evaluation of electrocoagulation (EC) in removing toxic metals from a real industrial wastewater, collected from Aspropyrgos, Athens, Greece was investigated. Manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) at respective concentrations of 5 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L were present in the wastewater (pH=6), originated from the wastes produced by EBO-PYRKAL munitions industry and Hellenic Petroleum Elefsis Refineries. The effect of operational parameters such as electrode combination and distance, applied current, initial pH and initial metal concentration, was studied. The results indicated that Cu and Zn were totally removed in all experiments, while Mn exhibited equally high removal percentages (approximately 90%). Decreasing the initial pH and increasing the distance between electrodes, resulted in a negative effect on the efficiency and energy consumption of the process. On the other hand, increasing the applied current, favored metal removal but resulted in a power consumption increase. Different initial concentrations did not affect metal removal efficiency. The optimal results, regarding both cost and EC efficiency, were obtained with a combination of iron electrodes, at 2 cm distance, at initial current of 0.1 A and pH=6. After 90 min of treatment, maximum removal percentages obtained were 89% for Mn, 100% for Cu and 100% for Zn, at an energy consumption of 2.55 kWh/m(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Gatsios
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
| | - John N Hahladakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
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25
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Jagati VS, Srivastava VC, Prasad B. Multi-Response Optimization of Parameters for the Electrocoagulation Treatment of Electroplating Wash-Water using Aluminum Electrodes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.954672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Yang JS, Hwang JM, Baek K, Kwon MJ. Soil Washing and Effluent Treatment for Contaminated Soil with Toxic Metals. KOREAN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.9713/kcer.2013.51.6.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Khandegar V, Saroha AK. Electrocoagulation for the treatment of textile industry effluent--a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 128:949-63. [PMID: 23892280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Various techniques such as physical, chemical, biological, advanced oxidation and electrochemical are used for the treatment of industrial effluent. The commonly used conventional biological treatment processes are time consuming, need large operational area and are not effective for effluent containing toxic elements. Advanced oxidation techniques result in high treatment cost and are generally used to obtain high purity grade water. The chemical coagulation technique is slow and generates large amount of sludge. Electrocoagulation has recently attracted attention as a potential technique for treating industrial effluent due to its versatility and environmental compatibility. This technique uses direct current source between metal electrodes immersed in the effluent, which causes the dissolution of electrode plates into the effluent. The metal ions, at an appropriate pH, can form wide range of coagulated species and metal hydroxides that destabilize and aggregate particles or precipitate and adsorb the dissolved contaminants. Therefore, the objective of the present manuscript is to review the potential of electrocoagulation for the treatment of industrial effluents, mainly removal of dyes from textile effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Khandegar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India
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28
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Kuokkanen V, Kuokkanen T, Rämö J, Lassi U. Recent Applications of Electrocoagulation in Treatment of Water and Wastewater—A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/gsc.2013.32013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Durante C, Cuscov M, Isse AA, Sandonà G, Gennaro A. Advanced oxidation processes coupled with electrocoagulation for the exhaustive abatement of Cr-EDTA. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:2122-2130. [PMID: 21255817 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using Cr-EDTA as a model system, a two-step method has been investigated for the abatement of persistent chromium complexes in water. The treatment consists of an oxidative decomposition of the organic ligands by means of ozonization or electrochemical oxidation at a boron doped diamond (BDD) electrode, followed by removal of the metal via electrochemical coagulation. In the designed synthetic waste, EDTA has been used both as a chelating agent and as a mimic of the organic content of a typical wastewater provided by a purification leather plant. A crucial point evaluated is the influence of the oxidative pretreatment on the chemical modification of the synthetic waste and hence on the electrocoagulation efficacy. Because of the great stability of Cr complexes, such as Cr-EDTA, the classical coagulation methods, based on ligand exchange between Cr(III) and Fe(II) or Fe(III), are ineffective toward Cr abatement in the presence of organic substances. On the contrary, when advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), such as ozonization or electrooxidation at a BDD anode are applied in series with electrocoagulation (EC), complete abatement of the recalcitrant Cr fraction can be achieved. ECs have been carried out by using Fe sacrificial anodes, with alternating polarization and complete Cr abatement (over 99%) has been obtained with modest charge consumption. It has been found that Cr(III) is first oxidized to Cr(VI) in the AOP preceding EC. Then, during EC, Cr(VI) is mainly reduced back to Cr(III) by electrogenerated Fe(II). Thus, Cr is mainly eliminated as Cr(III). However, a small fraction of Cr(VI) goes with the precipitate as confirmed by XPS analysis of the sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Durante
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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