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Proietto F, D'Agostino F, Bonsignore M, Del Core M, Sprovieri M, Galia A, Scialdone O. Electrochemical remediation of synthetic and real marine sediments contaminated by PAHs, Hg and As under low electric field values. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141009. [PMID: 38141680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
To date, remediation, protection, and restoration of contaminated sites is a global concern. The current technologies to restore sediments characterized by heterogeneous characteristics, several pollutants, fine grains, and low hydraulic permeability are poorly effective; hence their remediation is still challenging. A promising approach for the sediment's remediation could be the electrochemical route since it is a not-expensive, effective and noninvasive in situ technology. Electrochemical remediation (ER) is commonly studied under relatively high electric fields (E ≥ 1 V cm-1) and using costly processing fluids in a three compartments cell aiming to desorb and transport the contaminants into the processing fluids (secondary dangerous effluent). In this work, contaminated marine sediments were electrochemically treated focusing on the insertion of electrodes directly in the sediments and adopting, for the first time for real sediments, low E values (≤ 0.25 V cm-1) for 4-days period. It was observed that PAHs can be simultaneously transported and degraded in situ preventing the production of a secondary dangerous effluent and reducing the energy consumption. Firstly, clay marine sediments dragged from Capo Granitola Coast (Trapani, Italy) spiked with five PAHs congeners (5PAHs), Hg and As were used as a simplified model matrix and treated to simulate a real case study. A total PAHs removal efficiency of 57% was reached after 96 h of treatment under 0.05 V cm-1. Then, real polluted marine sediments from Augusta Bay (Syracuse) and Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay (Naples) in the southern Italy were treated as real contaminated sediments to be restored, to validate the proposed approach for real cases. A quite good removal efficiency of PAHs was reached after 96 h of electrochemical treatment coupled with a low energetic consumption due to the rather E values adopted. In addition, it was observed that this approach, under the adopted conditions, is unsuitable for the remediation of Hg and As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Proietto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy.
| | - Fabio D'Agostino
- Istituto per lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenilibità in Ambiente Marino (IAS-CNR), Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, TP, 91021, Italy
| | - Maria Bonsignore
- Istituto per lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenilibità in Ambiente Marino (IAS-CNR), Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, TP, 91021, Italy
| | - Marianna Del Core
- Istituto per lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenilibità in Ambiente Marino (IAS-CNR), Via del Mare 3, Torretta Granitola, TP, 91021, Italy
| | - Mario Sprovieri
- Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR - CNR), Venezia Consiglio Nazionale delle ricerche, Venezia (Tesa 104 - Arsenale, Castello 2737/F 30122), Italy
| | - Alessandro Galia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy
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Kumari A, Upadhyay V, Kumar S. A critical insight into occurrence and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their green remediation approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138579. [PMID: 37031842 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the last century, the tremendous growth in industrial activities particularly in the sectors of pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals and the reckless application of fertilizers and insecticides has raised the contamination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tremendously. For more than a decade, the main focus of environmental experts is to come up with management approaches for the clean-up of sites polluted with PAHs. These are ubiquitous in nature i.e., widely distributed in ecosystem ranging from soil, air and marine water. Most of the PAHs possess immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. Being highly soluble in lipids, they are readily absorbed into the mammalian gastro intestinal tract. They are widely distributed with marked tendency of getting localized into body fat in varied tissues. Several remediation technologies have been tested for the removal of these environmental contaminants, particularly bioremediation has turned out to be a hope as the safest and cost-effective option. Therefore, this review first discusses various sources of PAHs, their effect on human health and interactions of PAHs with soils and sediments. In this review, a holistic insight of current scenario of existing remediation technologies and how they can be improvised along with the hindrances in the path of these technologies are properly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Kumari
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vidisha Upadhyay
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India.
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Application of a Zero-Valent Iron/Cork as Permeable Reactive Barrier for In Situ Remediation of Phenanthrene in Soil. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes an eco-efficient treatment technology for removing phenanthrene (PHE) from kaolinite soil, incorporating a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) in an electrokinetic (EK) remediation system, which was made by modifying the granulated cork (GC) with Fe@Fe2O3, identified as EK/Fe@Fe2O3/GC. The novel product Fe@Fe2O3/GC was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and element mapping. EK tests were conducted to investigate the performance of the EK/Fe@Fe2O3/GC for removal of PHE from soil. The results showed that PHE was driven by the electro-osmotic flow toward the cathode and reacted with the EK/Fe@Fe2O3/GC. Further, the removal efficiency of PHE in the soil was higher in the presence of H2O2 due to the additional reactions achieved. The results were discussed in light of the existing literature.
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Basic principles and problems in decontamination of natural disperse systems. The electrokinetic treatment of soils. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 310:102798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Huang Q, Zhou M, Zhou J, Chu L, Cang L. Roles of oxidant, activator, and surfactant on enhanced electrokinetic remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88989-89001. [PMID: 35841503 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology can enhance the migration of reagents to soil and is especially suitable for in situ remediation of low permeability contaminated soil. Due to the long aging time and strong hydrophobicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from historically polluted soil, some enhanced reagents (oxidant, activator, and surfactant) were used to increase the mobility of PAHs, and remove and degrade PAHs in soil. However, under the electrical field, there are few reports on the roles and combined effect of oxidant, activator, and surfactant for remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. In the present study, sodium persulfate (PS, oxidant, 100 g L-1) or/and Tween 80 (TW80, surfactant, 50 g L-1) were added to the anolyte, and citric acid chelated iron(II) (CA-Fe(II), activator, 0.10 mol L-1) was added to catholyte to explore the roles and contribution of enhanced reagents and combined effect on PAHs removal in soil. A constant voltage of 20 V was applied and the total experiment duration was 10 days. The results showed that the removal rate of PAHs in each treatment was PS + CA-Fe(II) (21.3%) > PS + TW80 + CA-Fe(II) (19.9%) > PS (17.4%) > PS + TW80 (11.4%) > TW80 (8.1%) > CK (7.5%). The combination of PS and CA-Fe(II) had the highest removal efficiency of PAHs, and CA-Fe(II) in the catholyte could be transported toward anode via electromigration. The addition of TW80 reduced the electroosmotic flow and inhibited the transport of PS from anolyte to the soil, which decreased the removal of PAHs (from 17.4 to 11.4% with PS, from 21.3 to 19.9% with PS+CA-Fe(II)). The calculation of contribution rates showed that PS was the strongest enhancer (3.3~9.9%), followed by CA-Fe(II) (3.9~8.5%) (with PS), and the contribution of TW80 was small and even negative (-1.4~0.6%). The above results indicated that the combined application of oxidant and activator was conducive to the removal of PAHs, while the addition of surfactant reduced the EOF and the migration of oxidant and further reduced the PAHs removal efficiency. The present study will help to further understand the role of enhanced reagents (especially surfactant) during enhanced EK remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingzhu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longgang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Cang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Miri S, Davoodi SM, Robert T, Brar SK, Martel R, Rouissi T. Enzymatic biodegradation of highly p-xylene contaminated soil using cold-active enzymes: A soil column study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127099. [PMID: 34523486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic bioremediation is a sustainable and environment-friendly method for the clean-up of contaminated soil and water. In the present study, enzymatic bioremediation was designed using cold-active enzymes (psychrozymes) which catalyze oxidation steps of p-xylene biodegradation in highly contaminated soil (initial concentration of 13,000 mg/kg). The enzymes were obtained via co-culture of two psychrophilic Pseudomonas strains and characterized by kinetic studies and tandem LC-MS/MS. To mimic in situ application of enzyme mixture, bioremediation of p-xylene contaminated soil was carried out in soil column (140 mL) tests with the injection (3 pore volume) of different concentrations of enzyme cocktails (X, X/5, and X/10). Enzyme cocktail in X concentration contained about 10 U/mL of xylene monooxygenase (XMO) and 20 U/mL of catechol 2, 3 dioxygenases (C2,3D). X/5 and X/10 correspond to 5x and 10x dilution of enzyme cocktail respectively. The results showed that around 92-94% p-xylene removal was achieved in the treated soil column with enzyme concentration X, X/5 after second enzyme injection. While the p-xylene removal rate obtained by X/10 concentration of enzyme was less than 30% and near to untreated soil column (22.2%). The analysis of microbial diversity and biotoxicity assay (root elongation and seed germination) confirmed the advantage of using enzymes as a green and environmentally friendly approach for decontamination of pollutants with minimal or even positive effects on microbial community and also enrichment of soil after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Miri
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Seyyed Mohammadreza Davoodi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Thomas Robert
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Satinder Kaur Brar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, North York, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Richard Martel
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Tarek Rouissi
- INRS-ETE, Université du Québec, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
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Lin M, Li F, Cheng W, Rong X, Wang W. Facile preparation of a novel modified biochar-based supramolecular self-assembled g-C 3N 4 for enhanced visible light photocatalytic degradation of phenanthrene. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132620. [PMID: 34688717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of a novel and environmentally friendly photocatalytic composite for persistent pollutant removal, energy production and catalytic applications have attracted widespread interest. In this study, the new composite composed of KOH-modified biochar and g-C3N4 with different morphologies was successfully prepared with facile supramolecular self-assembly and thermal poly-condensation method. The characterization results of the as-prepared composites suggested that KOH-modified biochar had been well combined with g-C3N4 with different morphologies. These synthesized catalysts were used to degrade phenanthrene under visible light radiation. A-BC/g-C3N4-D performed best and removed 76.72% phenanthrene. Its first-order reaction rate constant was 0.355 h-1, which was 3.7 times higher than that of g-C3N4. A-BC/g-C3N4-D still exhibited a high photocatalytic activity after four cycles. Radical quenching results showed that superoxide radical (·O2-), hydroxyl radical (·OH) and hole (h+) could be used as active species in the redox reaction with phenanthrene. Based on the exploration results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), a possible reaction pathway of phenanthrene degradation was also proposed. This study provides a novel strategy for fabricating various high-performance photocatalysts and the removal of persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Lin
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 210418, China; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Fayun Li
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 210418, China; School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Wenyuan Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiangmin Rong
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 210418, China
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Recent Developments in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Organics-Polluted Soil Reclamation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil pollution has become a substantial environmental problem which is amplified by overpopulation in different regions. In this review, the state of the art regarding the use of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for soil remediation is presented. This review aims to provide an outline of recent technologies developed for the decontamination of polluted soils by using AOPs. Depending on the decontamination process, these techniques have been presented in three categories: the Fenton process, sulfate radicals process, and coupled processes. The review presents the achievements of, and includes some reflections on, the status of these emerging technologies, the mechanisms, and influential factors. At the present, more investigation and development actions are still desirable to bring them to real full-scale implementation.
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Li J, Chen W, Zhou W, Wang Y, Deng M, Zhou S. Synergistic degradation of pyrene by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA06 and Achromobacter sp. AC15 with sodium citrate as the co-metabolic carbon source. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1487-1498. [PMID: 32844301 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two pyrene-degrading strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA06 and Achromobacter sp. AC15 were co-incubated in equal proportions as a microbiological consortium and could enhance the degradation of pyrene. The enzymatic activities of the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) and 2,3-dioxygenase activities (C23O) were produced complementary expression by P. aeruginosa PA06 and Achromobacter sp. AC15, respectively. Meanwhile, results showed that pyrene degradation was sufficiently promoted in the presence of sodium citrate as a co-metabolic carbon source, likely a result of enhanced biomass and biosurfactant production. The optimized dosage and ideal initial pHs were 1.4 g L-1 and 5.5, respectively. We also analyzed the rate constant of pyrene degradation, cell growth, and enzyme activity. Results show that P. aeruginosa PA06 had a better effect than Achromobacter sp. AC15 in bacterial growth. However, the C23O or C12O activity produced by Achromobacter sp. AC15 continued at a similar or even faster than that of P. aeruginosa PA06. The mixed bacteria had a better effect than any single bacteria, suggesting the strains worked synergistically to enhance the degradation efficiency. In the co-metabolism system of 600 mg/L pyrene and 1.4 g/L sodium citrate, pyrene degradation reached 74.6%, was 1.57 times, 2.06 times, and 3.89 times that of the mix-culture strains, single PA06 and single AC15 without sodium citrate, respectively. Overall, these findings are valuable as a potential tool for the bioremediation of high-molecular-weight PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Chen
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, 1 Shanxi Road, Guiyang, 550001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Maocheng Deng
- School of Food and Biotechnology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, 510300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, 1 Shanxi Road, Guiyang, 550001, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, People's Republic of China.
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Davin M, Colinet G, Fauconnier ML. Targeting the right parameters in PAH remediation studies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116857. [PMID: 33711627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated land burdens the economy of many countries and must be dealt with. Researchers have published thousands of documents studying and developing soil and sediment remediation treatments. Amongst the targeted pollutants are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), described as a class of persistent organic compounds, potentially harmful to ecosystems and living organisms. The present paper reviews and discusses three scientific trends that are leading current PAH-contaminated soil/sediment remediation studies and management. First, the choice of compounds that are being studied and targeted in the scientific literature is discussed, and we suggest that the classical 16 US-EPA PAH compounds might no longer be sufficient to meet current environmental challenges. Second, we discuss the choice of experimental material in remediation studies. Using bibliometric measures, we show the lack of PAH remediation trials based on co-contaminated or aged-contaminated material. Finally, the systematic use of the recently validated bioavailability measurement protocol (ISO/TS 16751) in remediation trials is discussed, and we suggest it should be implemented as a tool to improve remediation processes and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Davin
- Soil-Water-Plant Exchanges, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium; Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Gilles Colinet
- Soil-Water-Plant Exchanges, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, 2 Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.
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Prakash AA, Prabhu NS, Rajasekar A, Parthipan P, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Govarthanan M. Bio-electrokinetic remediation of crude oil contaminated soil enhanced by bacterial biosurfactant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124061. [PMID: 33092887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluating the coupling between bioremediation (BIO) and electrokinetic (EK) remediation of crude oil hydrocarbon by using bio-electrokinetic (BIO-EK) technique. The application of bacterial biosurfactant (BS) may increase the remediation efficiency by increasing the solubility of organic materials. In this work, the potential biosurfactant producing marine bacteria were isolated and identified by 16S rDNA analysis namely Bacillus subtilis AS2, Bacillus licheniformis AS3 and Bacillus velezensis AS4. Biodegradation efficiency of crude oil was found as 88%, 92% and 97% for strain AS2, AS3 and AS4 respectively, with the optimum temperature of 37 °C and pH 7. FTIR confirm the BS belongs to lipopeptide in nature. GCMS reveals that three isolates degraded the lower to higher molecular weight of the crude oil (C8 to C28) effectively. Results showed that use of BS in electokinetic remediation enhance the biodegradation rate of crude oil contaminated soil about 92% than EK (60%) in 2 days operation. BS enhances the solubilization of hydrocarbon and it leads to the faster electromigration of hydrocarbon to the anodic compartment, which was confirmed by the presence of higher total organic content than the EK. This study proven that the BIO-EK combined with BS can be used to enhance in situ bioremediation of petroleum contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Arul Prakash
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Natarajan Srinivasa Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathidasan University, Palkalaiperur, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 024, India
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Punniyakotti Parthipan
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India; Electrochemical Energy Research Lab, Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Research Chair in Laser Diagnosis of Cancers, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak‑ro, Buk‑gu, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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12
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Adeola AO, Forbes PBC. Advances in water treatment technologies for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Existing concepts, emerging trends, and future prospects. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:343-359. [PMID: 32738166 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, environmental experts have focused on the development of several biological, chemical, physical, and thermal methods/technologies for remediation of PAH-polluted water. Some of the findings have been applied to field-scale treatment, while others have remained as prototypes and semi-pilot studies. Existing treatment options include extraction, chemical oxidation, bioremediation, photocatalytic degradation, and adsorption (employing adsorbents such as biomass derivatives, geosorbents, zeolites, mesoporous silica, polymers, nanocomposites, and graphene-based materials). Electrokinetic remediation, advanced phytoremediation, green nanoremediation, enhanced remediation using biocatalysts, and integrated approaches are still at the developmental stage and hold great potential. Water is an essential component of the ecosystem and highly susceptible to PAH contamination due to crude oil exploration and spillage, and improper municipal and industrial waste management, yet comprehensive reviews on PAH remediation are only available for contaminated soils, despite the several treatment methods developed for the remediation of PAH-polluted water. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and emerging methods/technologies, in order to bridge information gaps toward ensuring a green and sustainable remedial approach for PAH-contaminated aqueous systems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Comprehensive review of existing and emerging technologies for remediation of PAH-polluted water. Factors influencing efficiency of various methods, challenges and merits were discussed. Green nano-adsorbents, nano-oxidants and bio/phytoremediation are desirous for ecofriendly and economical PAH remediation. Adoption of an integrated approach for the efficient and sustainable remediation of PAH-contaminated water is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedapo O Adeola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Patricia B C Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Millán M, Bucio-Rodríguez PY, Lobato J, Fernández-Marchante CM, Roa-Morales G, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo MA. Strategies for powering electrokinetic soil remediation: A way to optimize performance of the environmental technology. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 267:110665. [PMID: 32421682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The electro-kinetic remediation of soils using different powering strategies has been studied, in order to clarify which is the best strategy to couple solar powering with this remediation technology, in a context of developing more sustainable electrochemical remediation technologies. Direct powering from photovoltaic panels (Case a), application of constant electric fields with the same average value of Case a (Case b) and application of constant specific power with the same average value of Case a (Case c) have been compared. Results show an outstanding influence of the powering strategy on the removal efficiency of clopyralid (model of herbicide used in this work). The direct use of solar power profiles obtained the lowest removal efficiencies, which contrasts with the higher expected sustainability of this powering strategy. Reversion of pollutant transport overnight and extreme electric field values at noon help to explain the lower efficiency of this strategy. Evaporation mechanisms are promoted by operating at extreme large electric fields. In addition, harsher conditions lead to a higher negative soil affectation in terms of regions affected by extreme pHs, water contents and/or conductivities and to lower specific pollutant removals. Therefore, maximum efficiencies were found for Case b (constant electric potential gradient) with a total removal over 110 g kWh-1 and only a slight affectation into the final soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Millán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo Jose Cela n 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Y Bucio-Rodríguez
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Joint Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CCIQS UAEM-UNAM), Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Campus UAEMéx "El Rosedal", Toluca, State of Mexico, 50200, Mexico
| | - J Lobato
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo Jose Cela n 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C M Fernández-Marchante
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo Jose Cela n 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - G Roa-Morales
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Joint Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CCIQS UAEM-UNAM), Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Campus UAEMéx "El Rosedal", Toluca, State of Mexico, 50200, Mexico
| | - C Barrera-Díaz
- Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Joint Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CCIQS UAEM-UNAM), Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Campus UAEMéx "El Rosedal", Toluca, State of Mexico, 50200, Mexico
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo Jose Cela n 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Raj D, Maiti SK. Sources, toxicity, and remediation of mercury: an essence review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:566. [PMID: 31418123 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a pollutant that poses a global threat, and it was listed as one of the ten leading 'chemicals of concern' by the World Health Organization in 2017. The review aims to summarize the sources of Hg, its combined effects on the ecosystem, and its remediation in the environment. The flow of Hg from coal to fly ash (FA), soil, and plants has become a serious concern. Hg chemically binds to sulphur-containing components in coal during coal formation. Coal combustion in thermal power plants is the major anthropogenic source of Hg in the environment. Hg is taken up by plant roots from contaminated soil and transferred to the stem and aerial parts. Through bioaccumulation in the plant system, Hg moves into the food chain, resulting in potential health and ecological risks. The world average Hg concentrations reported in coal and FA are 0.01-1 and 0.62 mg/kg, respectively. The mass of Hg accumulated globally in the soil is estimated to be 250-1000 Gg. Several techniques have been applied to remove or minimize elevated levels of Hg from FA, soil, and water (soil washing, selective catalytic reduction, wet flue gas desulphurization, stabilization, adsorption, thermal treatment, electro-remediation, and phytoremediation). Adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon nanotubes have been used for Hg removal. The application of phytoremediation techniques has been proven as a promising approach in the removal of Hg from contaminated soil. Plant species such as Brassica juncea are potential candidates for Hg removal from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Raj
- Ecological Restoration Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826 004, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Ecological Restoration Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826 004, India.
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15
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Benamar A, Tian Y, Portet-Koltalo F, Ammami MT, Giusti-Petrucciani N, Song Y, Boulangé-Lecomte C. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of multi-contaminated dredged sediments and induced effect on their toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:744-755. [PMID: 31071561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is often developed for metal decontamination but shows limitations for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) which are nonionic and involve low aqueous solubility. This paper reports many laboratory studies devoted to the investigations of EK efficiency on the mobility and the removal of metals, PAHs and PCBs from dredged sediments, using a mixture of chelating agent and surfactants. The results showed that increasing chelating agent concentration was favorable for both metal and PAH removal. Applying a periodic voltage gradient associated to a low concentration of additives provided the best removal of Zn, Cd and Pb and also the 16 priority PAHs. The tested fresh harbor sediment was highly resistant to metals and organics mobilization and transport because of an aged contamination, a high buffering capacity, a very low hydraulic permeability and a high organic matter content. However, experiments performed on a former sediment which was deposited many years ago provided better removal results, involving low organic matter and carbonates content. The efficiency of the EK process was also assessed by measuring the acute toxicity of the EK-treated sediment on the copepod Eurytemora affinis exposed to sediment elutriates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benamar
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
| | - Y Tian
- Normandie University, ULHN, LOMC UMR CNRS 6294, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
| | - F Portet-Koltalo
- Normandie University, URN, COBRA UMR CNRS 6014, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Evreux, France.
| | - M T Ammami
- CESI, Engineering School, Civil Engineering Department, Nanterre, Paris, France.
| | - N Giusti-Petrucciani
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
| | - Y Song
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - C Boulangé-Lecomte
- Normandie University, ULHN, SEBIO UMR-I 02, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, Le Havre, France.
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López-Vizcaíno R, dos Santos E, Yustres A, Rodrigo M, Navarro V, Martínez-Huitle C. Calcite buffer effects in electrokinetic remediation of clopyralid-polluted soils. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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17
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Wang Z, Wang W, Li Y, Yang Q. Co-metabolic degradation of naphthalene and pyrene by acclimated strain and competitive inhibition kinetics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:505-513. [PMID: 30909840 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1586033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A dominant strain named Ochrobactrum sp. was isolated from soils contaminated with coal tar. The batch experiments were carried out to study the co-metabolic degradation of pyrene by Ochrobactrum MB-2 with naphthalene as the main substrate and the effects of several significant parameters such as naphthalene concentration, pH and temperature on removal efficiency were explored. The results showed that Ochrobactrum MB-2 effectively degraded naphthalene and that the addition of naphthalene favored the degradation of pyrene. The maximum elimination efficiency of naphthalene (10 mg L-1) and pyrene (1 mg L-1) was achieved at pH 7 and 25 °C, and the corresponding values were 99 and 41%, respectively. A competitive inhibition model based on the Michaelis-Menten equation was used to characterize the inhibitory effect of pyrene on naphthalene degradation. The values of the half-saturation coefficient for naphthalene (KS) and dissociation constant of enzyme-inhibitor complex (KC) were determined to be 4.93 and 1.38 mg L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- a School of Water Resources and Environment , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resource & Environmental Engineering , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- a School of Water Resources and Environment , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resource & Environmental Engineering , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yalong Li
- a School of Water Resources and Environment , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resource & Environmental Engineering , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
| | - Qi Yang
- a School of Water Resources and Environment , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
- b Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resource & Environmental Engineering , China University of Geosciences , Beijing , China
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18
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Intensification of petroleum elimination in the presence of a surfactant using anodic electrochemical treatment with BDD anode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Méndez E, García J, Hernández G, Solís S, Prieto F, Pamukcu S, Bustos E. Study of electrochemical removal of phenanthrene in bentonite clay by physicochemical indicators. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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20
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Rodrigo S, Saez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of organochlorine herbicide from spiked soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:629-636. [PMID: 29870938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to describe the removal of clopyralid from clay soils using electrokinetically assisted soil flushing (EKSF) coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), consisting of beds of Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC). To do this, two strategies have been evaluated on bench-scale electroremediation facilities (175 dm3): electrokinetic adsorption barrier (EKAB) and reversible electrokinetic adsorption barrier (REKAB). Likewise, to clarify the contribution of the different mechanisms to remediation process results are compared to those obtained in a reference test (without applying an electric field) and to results obtained in the EKSF of soils polluted with compounds with different polarity and vapour pressure. Results show that during EKAB and REKAB tests, clopyralid is removed from the soil by adsorption in PRB, electrokinetic transport and, very less decisively, by evaporation. The application of polarity reversion attains a higher retention of clopyralid in the activated carbon-PRB and a better regulation of pH because of the neutralization of H+ and OH- generated in the electrolyte wells. After 30 days of operation, the removal of clopyralid by EKAB is 45% while it reaches 57% in the case of REKAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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21
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Saberi N, Aghababaei M, Ostovar M, Mehrnahad H. Simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and heavy metals from an artificial clayey soil by enhanced electrokinetic method. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 217:897-905. [PMID: 29665569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soil by a mixture of organic and non-organic pollutants due to various anthropogenic and natural causes is one of the most important issues in soil pollution. Generating a single layer of soil is a time-consuming process, and soil is a significant part of the environmental cycle; thus, protection and remediation of soil are of paramount importance. In this study, phenanthrene (PHE) as a representative for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) as heavy metal pollutants were used because of their synergistic effects and abundant presence in soil. Soils with three different organic matter levels (OM0, OM1, and OM2) were prepared, spiked with pollutants, placed in electrokinetic cells, and remediated for 15 days. To improve the remediation process and increase the efficacy of pollutant removal, pH control methods and extracting agents were used. Two non-ionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Brij 35, and one chelating agent, EDTA, were utilized for this purpose. A total of nine tests were performed. The soil was divided into five equal sections at the end of each test, and the pH and concentration of pollutants were analyzed. Results indicated that the highest removal percentage of PHE was accomplished by Brij 35 (61%) in OM0. Increasing organic matter resulted in decreasing PHE removal. In this regard, Tween 80 showed enhanced performance. The order of removal of heavy metals was zinc > nickel > lead, and zinc had the highest removal rate of 61%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Saberi
- Environmental Research Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Aghababaei
- School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Ostovar
- School of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Mehrnahad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
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22
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Lysenko LL, Shen AE, Rynda EF. Prevention of Groundwater Pollution by Using the Electroosmotic Flushing of Soil Systems. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x1802008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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López Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Asensio L, Saez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Navarro V. Enhanced electrokinetic remediation of polluted soils by anolyte pH conditioning. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:477-485. [PMID: 29454170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the treatment of a polluted soil, the pH has a strong impact on the development of different physicochemical processes as precipitation/dissolution, adsorption/desorption or ionic exchange. In addition, the pH determines the chemical speciation of the compounds present in the system and, consequently, it conditions the transport processes by which those compounds will move. This question has aroused great interest in the development of pH control technologies coupled to soil remediation processes. In electrokinetic remediation processes, pH has usually been controlled by catholyte pH conditioning with acid solutions, applied to cases of heavy metals pollution. However, this method is not effective with pollutants that can be dissociated in anionic species. In this context, this paper presents a study of the electrokinetic remediation of soils polluted with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a common polar pesticide, enhanced with an anolyte pH conditioning strategy. A numerical study is proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy. Several numerical tests have been carried out for NaOH solutions with different concentrations as pH conditioning fluid. The results show that the anolyte pH conditioning strategy makes it possible to control the pH of the soil and, consequently, the chemical speciation of pollutant species. Thus, it is possible to achieve an important flux of pesticide into the anolyte compartment (electro-migration of anionic species and diffusive transport of acid species). This way, it possible to maximise the pesticide accumulation in this compartment, allowing a much more effective removal of pollutants from the soil than without the anolyte pH conditioning strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López Vizcaíno
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
| | - A Yustres
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - L Asensio
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Navarro
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Institute of Technology, Campus Universitario s/n, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
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Ma F, Wu B, Zhang Q, Cui D, Liu Q, Peng C, Li F, Gu Q. An innovative method for the solidification/stabilization of PAHs-contaminated soil using sulfonated oil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 344:742-748. [PMID: 29156386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization/solidification (S/S) has been successfully employed in many superfund sites contaminated with organic materials. However, this method's long-term effectiveness has not been fully evaluated and the increase in soil volume following treatment is unfavorable to follow-up disposal. The present study developed a novel method for the S/S of PAHs-contaminated soil with the facilitation of sulfonated oil (SO). Adding SO significantly improved the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of Portland cement and activated carbon (PC-AC) treated soil samples, and the UCS values of the soil sample treated with 0.02% of SO were up to 2.3 times higher than without SO addition. When the soil was treated with PC-AC-SO, the PAHs leaching concentrations were 14%-25% of that in leachates of the control soil, and high molecular weight PAHs including benzo(a)pyrene were rarely leached. Freeze/thaw durability tests reveal that the leachability of PAHs was not influenced by freeze-thaw cycles. The UCS values of PC-AC-SO treated soil samples were 2.2-3.4 times greater than those of PC-AC treated soil samples after 12 freeze-thaw cycles. The PC-AC-SO treated soils resist disintegration better when compared to the PC-AC treated soils. The SEM micrographs reveal that the soils' compactness was significantly improved when treated with SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Deshan Cui
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingbing Liu
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Changsheng Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fasheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Qingbao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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25
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Yustres Á, López-Vizcaíno R, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M, Navarro V. Water transport in electrokinetic remediation of unsaturated kaolinite. Experimental and numerical study. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Dong CD, Tsai ML, Chen CW, Hung CM. Remediation and cytotoxicity study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated marine sediments using synthesized iron oxide-carbon composite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:5243-5253. [PMID: 28589280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study developed a new and cost-effective method for the remediation of marine sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized as the active component, supported on carbon black (CB), to form a composite catalyst (Fe3O4-CB) by using a wet chemical method. The oxidation of 16 PAH contaminants present in marine sediments significantly activated sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) to form sulfate free radicals (SO4-·); this was investigated in a slurry system. In addition, in vitro cytotoxic activity and oxidative stress studies were performed. The synthesized composite catalysts (Fe3O4-CB) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The efficiency of PAH removal was 39-63% for unactivated persulfate (PS) from an initial dose of 1.7 × 10-7-1.7 × 10-2 M. The removal of PAHs was evaluated using Fe3O4/PS, CB/PS, and Fe3O4/PS and found to be 75, 64, and 86%, respectively, at a temperature of 303 K, PS concentration of 1.7 × 10-5 M, and pH of 6.0. An MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the composite catalyst at five concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) on human hepatoma carcinoma (HepG2) cells for 24 h. This revealed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability. A dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay was performed to evaluate the generation of reactive oxygen species, which principally originated from the ferrous ions of the composite catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Tsai
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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27
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Minimizing the Health Risks from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils by Using Electric Field-Based Treatment for Soil Remediation. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present work addresses the assessment of human health risk from soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) due to crude oil pollution, with a particular focus on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group of carcinogenic and toxic substances. Given that the measured risk for human health exceeded the accepted level, the study considered an electrochemical remediation method. The laboratory-scale experiments were conducted by using an electric field-based treatment as a possible solution for the remediation of contaminated soil. After 20 days of treatment, while the voltage applied was 15 V (specific voltage of 1 V/cm), the hydrocarbon content was significantly reduced. The parameters measured to determine the overall remediation efficiency were pH, redox potential, ionic strength, soil characteristics, voltage gradient, and zeta potential. The remediation degree observed during the experiments was around 50% for TPHs and 46% for PAHs. The applied remediation method resulted in significant removal efficiency of the tested contaminants from the soil. Consequently, the human health risk assessment for the new degree of contaminants in the soil was achieved. This data demonstrated to what extent the application of the remediation applied technology ensured an acceptable risk under the same exposure conditions for the industrial workers.
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28
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Dong CD, Chen CW, Hung CM. Synthesis of magnetic biochar from bamboo biomass to activate persulfate for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:188-195. [PMID: 28892690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study developed a new and cost-effective method for the remediation of marine sediments contaminated with PAHs. Fe3O4 particles were synthesized as the active component, supported on bamboo biochar (BB) to form a composite catalyst (Fe3O4-BB). The effects of critical parameters, including the initial pH, sodium persulfate (PS) concentration, and dose of catalyst were investigated. The concentration of high-molecular-weight PAHs in sediments was much higher than that of low-molecular-weight PAHs; pyrene was an especially prominent marker of PAH contamination in sediments. Fe3O4-BB/PS exhibited a substantial improvement in PAH degradation efficiency (degradation rate: Fe3O4-BB/PS, 86%; PS, 14%) at a PS concentration of 1.7×10-5M, catalyst concentration of 3.33g/L, and pH of 3.0. The results of this study demonstrate that possible activation mechanisms include Fe2+-Fe3+ redox coupling and electron shuttling that mediates electron transfer of the BB oxygen functional groups, promoting the generation of SO4- in the Fe3O4-BB/PS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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López-Vizcaíno R, Yustres A, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M, Navarro V. Effect of polarity reversal on the enhanced electrokinetic remediation of 2,4-D-polluted soils: A numerical study. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shi R, Xu M, Liu A, Tian Y, Zhao Z. Characteristics of PAHs in farmland soil and rainfall runoff in Tianjin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:558. [PMID: 29032441 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall runoff can remove certain amounts of pollutants from contaminated farmland soil and result in a decline in water quality. However, the leaching behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with rainfall have been rarely reported due to wide variations in the soil compositions, rainfall conditions, and sources of soil PAHs in complex farmland ecosystems. In this paper, the levels, spatial distributions, and composition profiles of PAHs in 30 farmland soil samples and 49 rainfall-runoff samples from the Tianjin region in 2012 were studied to investigate their leaching behaviors caused by rainfall runoff. The contents of the Σ16PAHs ranged from 58.53 to 3137.90 μg/kg in the soil and 146.58 to 3636.59 μg/L in the runoff. In total, most of the soil sampling sites (23 of 30) were contaminated, and biomass and petroleum combustion were proposed as the main sources of the soil PAHs. Both the spatial distributions of the soil and the runoff PAHs show a decreasing trend moving away from the downtown, which suggested that the leaching behaviors of PAHs in a larger region during rainfall may be mainly affected by the compounds themselves. In addition, 4- and 5-ring PAHs are the dominant components in farmland soil and 3- and 4-ring PAHs dominate the runoff. Comparisons of the PAH pairs and enrichment ratios showed that acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and fluoranthene were more easily transferred into water systems from soil than benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and indeno[123-cd]pyrene, which indicated that PAHs with low molecular weight are preferentially dissolved due to their higher solubility compared to those with high molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongguang Shi
- Agro-Environment Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300091, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongshan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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Alegbeleye OO, Opeolu BO, Jackson VA. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Critical Review of Environmental Occurrence and Bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:758-783. [PMID: 28573478 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The degree of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination of environmental matrices has increased over the last several years due to increase in industrial activities. Interest has surrounded the occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for many decades because they pose a serious threat to the health of humans and ecosystems. The importance of the need for sustainable abatement strategies to alleviate contamination therefore cannot be overemphasised, as daily human activities continue to create pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and impact the natural environment. Globally, attempts have been made to design treatment schemes for the remediation and restoration of contaminated sites. Several techniques and technologies have been proposed and tested over time, the majority of which have significant limitations. This has necessitated research into environmentally friendly and cost-effective clean-up techniques. Bioremediation is an appealing option that has been extensively researched and adopted as it has been proven to be relatively cost-effective, environmentally friendly and is publicly accepted. In this review, the physicochemical properties of some priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the pathways and mechanisms through which they enter the soil, river systems, drinking water, groundwater and food are succinctly examined. Their effects on human health, other living organisms, the aquatic ecosystem, as well as soil microbiota are also elucidated. The persistence and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are discussed as well, as they are important factors that influence the rate, efficiency and overall success of remediation. Bioremediation (aerobic and anaerobic), use of biosurfactants and bioreactors, as well as the roles of biofilms in the biological treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadara Oluwaseun Alegbeleye
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Studies, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Beatrice Oluwatoyin Opeolu
- Extended Curriculum Programmes, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Vanessa Angela Jackson
- Department of Biotechnology and Consumer Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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Lima AT, Hofmann A, Reynolds D, Ptacek CJ, Van Cappellen P, Ottosen LM, Pamukcu S, Alshawabekh A, O'Carroll DM, Riis C, Cox E, Gent DB, Landis R, Wang J, Chowdhury AIA, Secord EL, Sanchez-Hachair A. Environmental Electrokinetics for a sustainable subsurface. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:122-133. [PMID: 28433930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Soil and groundwater are key components in the sustainable management of the subsurface environment. Source contamination is one of its main threats and is commonly addressed using established remediation techniques such as in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO), in-situ chemical reduction (ISCR; most notably using zero-valent iron [ZVI]), enhanced in-situ bioremediation (EISB), phytoremediation, soil-washing, pump-and-treat, soil vapour extraction (SVE), thermal treatment, and excavation and disposal. Decades of field applications have shown that these techniques can successfully treat or control contaminants in higher permeability subsurface materials such as sands, but achieve only limited success at sites where low permeability soils, such as silts and clays, prevail. Electrokinetics (EK), a soil remediation technique mostly recognized in in-situ treatment of low permeability soils, has, for the last decade, been combined with more conventional techniques and can significantly enhance the performance of several of these remediation technologies, including ISCO, ISCR, EISB and phytoremediation. Herein, we discuss the use of emerging EK techniques in tandem with conventional remediation techniques, to achieve improved remediation performance. Furthermore, we highlight new EK applications that may come to play a role in the sustainable treatment of the contaminated subsurface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Lima
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - A Hofmann
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - D Reynolds
- Geosyntec Consultants, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - C J Ptacek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - P Van Cappellen
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - L M Ottosen
- Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S Pamukcu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - A Alshawabekh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D M O'Carroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Connected Water Initiative, University of New South Wales, Manly Vale, NSW, 2093, Australia
| | - C Riis
- NIRAS, Sortemosevej 19, 3450 Alleroed, Denmark
| | - E Cox
- Geosyntec Consultants, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - D B Gent
- Environmental Laboratory, USACE Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS, USA
| | - R Landis
- RichLand Consulting, LLC, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - J Wang
- Geosyntec Consultants, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - A I A Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - E L Secord
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - A Sanchez-Hachair
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Barba S, Villaseñor J, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Effect of the polarity reversal frequency in the electrokinetic-biological remediation of oxyfluorfen polluted soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 177:120-127. [PMID: 28288422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the feasibility of the periodic polarity reversal strategy (PRS) in a combined electrokinetic-biological process for the remediation of clayey soil polluted with a herbicide. Five two-weeks duration electrobioremediation batch experiments were performed in a bench scale set-up using spiked clay soil polluted with oxyfluorfen (20 mg kg-1) under potentiostatic conditions applying an electric field between the electrodes of 1.0 V cm-1 (20.0 V) and using PRS with five frequencies (f) ranging from 0 to 6 d-1. Additionally, two complementary reference tests were done: single bioremediation and single electrokinetic. The microbial consortium used was obtained from an oil refinery wastewater treatment plant and acclimated to oxyfluorfen degradation. Main soil conditions (temperature, pH, moisture and conductivity) were correctly controlled using PRS. On the contrary, the electroosmotic flow clearly decreased as f increased. The uniform soil microbial distribution at the end of the experiments indicated that the microbial activity remained in every parts of the soil after two weeks when applying PRS. Despite the adapted microbial culture was capable of degrade 100% of oxyfluorfen in water, the remediation efficiency in soil in a reference test, without the application of electric current, was negligible. However, under the low voltage gradients and polarity reversal, removal efficiencies between 5% and 15% were obtained, and it suggested that oxyfluorfen had difficulties to interact with the microbial culture or nutrients and that PRS promoted transport of species, which caused a positive influence on remediation. An optimal f value was observed between 2 and 3 d-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barba
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José Villaseñor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Research Institute for Chemical and Environmental Technology (ITQUIMA), University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Castilla- La Mancha, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
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Souza F, Sáez C, Lanza M, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Removal of chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D from spiked soil using reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Castelo-Grande T, Augusto PA, Estévez AM, Barbosa D. Application of Ultrasound-Assisted Supercritical Extraction to Soil Remediation. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Castelo-Grande
- Universidade do Porto; Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE); Faculdade de Engenharia; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
- Universidad de Salamanca; APLICAMA Research Group; Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Plaza de los Caidos, 1-5 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Paulo A. Augusto
- Universidade do Porto; Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE); Faculdade de Engenharia; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
- Universidad de Salamanca; APLICAMA Research Group; Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Plaza de los Caidos, 1-5 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Angel M. Estévez
- Universidad de Salamanca; APLICAMA Research Group; Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Textil; Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Plaza de los Caidos, 1-5 37008 Salamanca Spain
| | - Domingos Barbosa
- Universidade do Porto; Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE); Faculdade de Engenharia; Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 4200-465 Porto Portugal
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Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Venkateswarlu K, Lee YB, Naidu R, Megharaj M. Remediation approaches for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soils: Technological constraints, emerging trends and future directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:944-968. [PMID: 27823779 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
For more than a decade, the primary focus of environmental experts has been to adopt risk-based management approaches to cleanup PAH polluted sites that pose potentially destructive ecological consequences. This focus had led to the development of several physical, chemical, thermal and biological technologies that are widely implementable. Established remedial options available for treating PAH contaminated soils are incineration, thermal conduction, solvent extraction/soil washing, chemical oxidation, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation, composting/biopiles and bioreactors. Integrating physico-chemical and biological technologies is also widely practiced for better cleanup of PAH contaminated soils. Electrokinetic remediation, vermiremediation and biocatalyst assisted remediation are still at the development stage. Though several treatment methods to remediate PAH polluted soils currently exist, a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies to date is necessary so that the right technology for field-level success is chosen. The objective of this review is to provide a critical overview in this respect, focusing only on the treatment options available for field soils and ignoring the spiked ones. The authors also propose the development of novel multifunctional green and sustainable systems like mixed cell culture system, biosurfactant flushing, transgenic approaches and nanoremediation in order to overcome the existing soil- contaminant- and microbial-associated technological limitations in tackling high molecular weight PAHs. The ultimate objective is to ensure the successful remediation of long-term PAH contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Kuppusamy
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia.
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur, 515055, India
| | - Yong Bok Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA5095, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), PO Box 486, Salisbury South, SA5106, Australia; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), Faculty of Science and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Vieira Dos Santos E, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA. Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of atrazine and oxyfluorfen from spiked soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:413-420. [PMID: 27773443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of reversible electrokinetic adsorption barrier (REKAB) technology to soils spiked with low-solubility pollutants. A permeable reactive barrier (PRB) of granular activated carbon (GAC) was placed between the anode and cathode of an electrokinetic (EK) soil remediation bench-scale setup with the aim of enhancing the removal of two low-solubility herbicides (atrazine and oxyfluorfen) using a surfactant solution (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as the flushing fluid. This innovative study focused on evaluating the interaction between the EK system and the GAC-PRB, attempting to obtain insights into the primary mechanisms involved. The obtained results highlighted the successful treatment of atrazine and oxyfluorfen in contaminated soils. The results obtained from the tests after 15days of treatment were compared with those obtained using the more conventional electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF) technology, and very important differences were observed. Although both technologies are efficient for removing the herbicides from soils, REKAB outperforms EKSF. After the 15-day treatment tests, only approximately 10% of atrazine and oxyfluorfen remained in the soil, and adsorption onto the GAC bed was an important removal mechanism (15-17% of herbicide retained). The evaporation loses in REKAB were lower than those obtained in EKSF (45-50% compared to 60-65%).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vieira Dos Santos
- School of Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario, 59078-970 Natal, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Shuona C, Hua Y, Jingjing C, Hui P, Zhi D. Physiology and bioprocess of single cell of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in bioremediation of co-existed benzo[a]pyrene and copper. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:9-17. [PMID: 27607928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals are generally present in mixtures in the e-waste dismantling areas, posing serious health risk to the local people. Bioremediation has been considered as a promising approach for PAHs and heavy metals removal. In this study, we applied flow cytometry to obtain a better understanding of membrane potential (MP), apoptosis and cell cycle of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia affected by combined pollutants of benzo[a]pyrene(BaP) and Cu(II). The results showed that BaP was the main factor damaging the cell membrane and influencing the MP. S. maltophilia could even protect against upsetting situation by encouraging early apoptosis, whereby compromised cells committed suicide, as a result, which, in turn, facilitated the metabolism of the bacteria with high-vitality. Furthermore, even if the bacterial cell division was blocked and stopped reproduction, a large number of key enzymes inside cells could still be used for degradation of BaP. The expression of protein related to the transport and metabolism of BaP, regulation of redox reactions and phosphorylation in bacterial cell during bioprocess were evident different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shuona
- College of Natural Resources and Environment of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yin Hua
- Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chang Jingjing
- College of Natural Resources and Environment of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Peng Hui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dang Zhi
- Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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López-Vizcaíno R, Risco C, Isidro J, Rodrigo S, Saez C, Cañizares P, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA. Scale-up of the electrokinetic fence technology for the removal of pesticides. Part II: Does size matter for removal of herbicides? CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:549-555. [PMID: 27692679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work reports results of the application of electrokinetic fence technology in a 32 m3 -prototype which contains soil polluted with 2,4-D and oxyfluorfen, focusing on the evaluation of the mechanisms that describe the removal of these two herbicides and comparing results to those obtained in smaller plants: a pilot-scale mockup (175 L) and a lab-scale soil column (1 L). Results show that electric heating of soil (coupled with the increase in the volatility) is the key to explain the removal of pollutants in the largest scale facility while electrokinetic transport processes are the primary mechanisms that explain the removal of herbicides in the lab-scale plant. 2-D and 3-D maps of the temperature and pollutant concentrations are used in the discussion of results trying to give light about the mechanisms and about how the size of the setup can lead to different conclusions, despite the same processes are occurring in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Vizcaíno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Risco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Isidro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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López-Vizcaíno R, Risco C, Isidro J, Rodrigo S, Saez C, Cañizares P, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA. Scale-up of the electrokinetic fence technology for the removal of pesticides. Part I: Some notes about the transport of inorganic species. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 166:540-548. [PMID: 27692680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the application electrokinetic fence technology to a soil polluted with herbicides in a large prototype containing 32 m3 of soil. It compares performance in this large facility with results previously obtained in a pilot-scale mockup (175 L) and with results obtained in a lab-scale soil column (1 L), all of them operated under the same driving force: an electric field of 1.0 V cm-1. Within this wide context, this work focuses on the effect on inorganic species contained in soil and describes the main processes occurring in the prototype facility, as well as the differences observed respect to the lower scale plants. Thus, despite the same processes can be described in the three plants, important differences are observed in the evolution of the current intensity, moisture and conductivity. They can be related to the less important electroosmotic fluxes in the larger facilities and to the very different distances between electrodes, which lead to very different distribution of species and even to a very different evolution of the resulting current intensity. 2-D maps of the main species at different relevant moments of the test are discussed and important information is drawn from them. Ions depletion from soil appears as a very important problem which should be prevented if the effect of natural bioremediation and/or phytoremediation on the removal or organics aims to be accounted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R López-Vizcaíno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Risco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Isidro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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41
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Aćimović DD, Karić SD, Nikolić ŽM, Brdarić TP, Tasić GS, Marčeta Kaninski MP, Nikolić VM. Electrochemical oxidation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in polluted concrete of the residential buildings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:393-399. [PMID: 27697377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and by the European Community as priority environmental pollutants. The removal of PAHs from soils, sediments and waste water has attracted attention of scientists and engineers for several decades. Electrochemical oxidation of PAH compounds in water, is receiving increasing attention, due to its convenience and simplicity. In this study we performed electrochemical oxidation of 16 EPA PAHs mixture in 10% NaCl aqueous solution in potentiostatic conditions, at voltage 1 V. Decrease of concentration of some individual PAHs, up to 70% referred to their starting concentration, after 60 min of electrolysis, was confirmed by UPLC/PDA analysis. In further work investigation was extrapolated to in situ removal of PAHs from concrete, as the medium where, to our knowledge, such way of PAH removal has not been investigated before. High concentrations of PAH contamination occurred in the concrete structure of the residential buildings in Belgrade in 2014. Application of DC voltage of 50 V between nickel and stainless steel electrodes packed in the concrete wall, moisturized with the 10% NaCl solution, led to considerable removal of the pollutants by oxidation process throughout the concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka D Aćimović
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slavko D Karić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Željka M Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tanja P Brdarić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gvozden S Tasić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica P Marčeta Kaninski
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vladimir M Nikolić
- University of Belgrade, Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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42
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Galeotti F, Crimaldi L, Maccari F, Zaccaria V, Fachini A, Volpi N. Selective treatment to reduce contamination of propolis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) still preserving its active polyphenol component and antioxidant activity. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1971-1980. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1269093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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43
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Hahladakis JN, Latsos A, Gidarakos E. Performance of electroremediation in real contaminated sediments using a big cell, periodic voltage and innovative surfactants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:376-385. [PMID: 27585269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on evaluating the electrokinetic (EK) treatment of real contaminated sediments with toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using a big laboratory EK cell, periodic voltage and recently tested non-ionic surfactants. The results indicated that the "day on-night off" application mode of voltage, in conjunction with the selected solubilising agents, favoured the overall EK process. Arsenic, nickel and chromium exhibited the highest removal percentages, obtaining 83%, 67% and 63%, respectively, while zinc and lead attained 54% and 41% at the maximum. Furthermore, in the experiments where the non-ionic surfactants were introduced in the electrolyte chambers, there was a major uniformly removal of PAHs from the entire sediment across the EK cell, indicating the high solubilisation capacity of the enhancing agents. Essentially, transport and in some cases removal of PAHs (particularly from sections adjacent to the electrolyte compartments) also occurred in the unenhanced EK run, mainly due their negative charge, their potential weak bonds to the soil matrix and to the periodic application of voltage. Maximum removal was obtained by the use of Nonidet P40 where app. 1/3 (ca. 6498μg out of 20145μg) of the total initial amount of PAHs were removed from the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Hahladakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, LS2 9JT, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Antonis Latsos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Evangelos Gidarakos
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Politechnioupolis, Chania 73100, Greece.
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44
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Liu W, Cai Z, Zhao X, Wang T, Li F, Zhao D. High-Capacity and Photoregenerable Composite Material for Efficient Adsorption and Degradation of Phenanthrene in Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11174-11183. [PMID: 27626301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel composite material, referred to as activated charcoal supported titanate nanotubes (TNTs@AC), for highly efficient adsorption and photodegradation of a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), phenanthrene. TNTs@AC was prepared through a one-step hydrothermal method, and is composed of an activated charcoal core and a shell of carbon-coated titanate nanotubes. TNTs@AC offered a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of 12.1 mg/g for phenanthrene (a model PAH), which is ∼11 times higher than the parent activated charcoal. Phenanthrene was rapidly concentrated onto TNTs@AC, and subsequently completely photodegraded under UV light within 2 h. The photoregenerated TNTs@AC can then be reused for another adsorption-photodegradation cycle without significant capacity or activity loss. TNTs@AC performed well over a wide range of pH, ionic strength, and dissolved organic matter. Mechanistically, the enhanced adsorption capacity is attributed to the formation of carbon-coated ink-bottle pores of the titanate nanotubes, which are conducive to capillary condensation; in addition, the modified microcarbon facilitates transfer of excited electrons, thereby inhibiting recombination of the electron-hole pairs, resulting in high photocatalytic activity. The combined high adsorption capacity, photocatalytic activity, and regenerability/reusability merit TNTs@AC a very attractive material for concentrating and degrading a host of micropollutants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Zhengqing Cai
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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45
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Fan G, Wang Y, Fang G, Zhu X, Zhou D. Review of chemical and electrokinetic remediation of PCBs contaminated soils and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:1140-1156. [PMID: 27711886 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00320f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are manmade organic compounds, and pollution due to PCBs has been a global environmental problem because of their persistence, long-range atmospheric transport and bioaccumulation. Many physical, chemical and biological technologies have been utilized to remediate PCBs contaminated soils and sediments, and there are some emerging new technologies and combined methods that may provide cost-effective alternatives to the existing remediation practice. This review provides a general overview on the recent developments in chemical treatment and electrokinetic remediation (EK) technologies related to PCBs remediation. In particular, four technologies including photocatalytic degradation of PCBs combined with soil washing, Fe-based reductive dechlorination, advanced oxidation process, and EK/integrated EK technology (e.g., EK coupled with chemical oxidation, nanotechnology and bioremediation) are reviewed in detail. We focus on the fundamental principles and governing factors of chemical technologies, and EK/integrated EK technologies. Comparative analysis of these technologies including their major advantages and disadvantages is summarized. The existing problems and future prospects of these technologies regarding PCBs remediation are further highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangping Fan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. and China Construction Power and Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Guodong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.
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46
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Sandu C, Popescu M, Rosales E, Bocos E, Pazos M, Lazar G, Sanromán MA. Electrokinetic-Fenton technology for the remediation of hydrocarbons historically polluted sites. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 156:347-356. [PMID: 27183337 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of the electrokinetic-Fenton technology coupled with surfactants in the treatment of real historically hydrocarbons polluted soils has been studied. The characterisation of these soils from Spain and Romania was performed and identified as diesel and diesel-motor oil spillages, respectively. Moreover, the ageing of the spillages produced by the soil contamination was estimated showing the historical pollution of the sites (around 11 and 20 years for Romanian and Spanish soils, respectively). An ex-situ electrochemical treatment was performed to evaluate the adequacy of surfactants for the degradation of the hydrocarbons present in the soils. It was found an enhancement in the solubilisation and removal of TPHs with percentages increasing from 25.7 to 81.8% by the presence of Tween 80 for Spanish soil and from 15.1% to 71.6% for Triton X100 in Romanian soil. Therefore, the viability of coupling enhanced electrokinetic and Fenton remediation was evaluated through a simulated in-situ treatment at laboratory scale. The results demonstrated that the addition of the selected surfactants improved the solubilisation of the hydrocarbons and influenced the electroosmotic flow with a slight decrease. The efficiency of the treatment increased for both considered soil samples and a significant degradation level of the hydrocarbons compounds was observed. Buffering of pH coupled with the addition of a complexing agent showed to be important in the treatment process, facilitating the conditions for the degradation reactions that take place into the soil matrix. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the selected techniques for remediation of the investigated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Sandu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Marius Popescu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - Emilio Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Elvira Bocos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Gabriel Lazar
- Faculty of Engineering, "Vasile Alecsandri" University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania
| | - M Angeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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47
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Risco C, Rubí-Juárez H, Rodrigo S, López-Vizcaíno R, Saez C, Cañizares P, Barrera-Díaz C, Navarro V, Rodrigo MA. Removal of oxyfluorfen from spiked soils using electrokinetic soil flushing with the surrounding arrangements of electrodes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 559:94-102. [PMID: 27058128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the results of a study in which the remediation of soil that undergoes an accidental discharge of oxyfluorfen is carried out by using electrokinetic soil flushing (EKSF). Two different electrode configurations were tested, consisting of several electrodes surrounding an electrode of different polarity (so-called 1A6C, one anode surrounded by six cathodes, and 1C6A, one cathode surrounded by six cathodes). A pilot plant scale was used (with a soil volume of 175dm(3)) to perform the studies. During the tests, different parameters were measured daily (flowrates, pH, electrical conductivity and herbicide concentration in different sampling positions). Furthermore, at the end of the test, a complete post-mortem analysis was carried out to obtain a 3-D map of the pollution, pH and electrical conductivity in the soil. The results demonstrate that electrode arrangement is a key factor for effective pollutant removal. In fact, the 1A6C configuration improves the removal rate by 41.3% versus the 27.0% obtained by the 1C6A configuration after a period of 35days. Finally, a bench mark comparison of this study of soil remediation polluted with 2,4-D allows for significant conclusions about the scale-up and full-scale application of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Risco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - H Rubí-Juárez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P., 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - R López-Vizcaíno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Barrera-Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P., 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - V Navarro
- Geoenvironmental Group, Civil Engineering School, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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49
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Lin M, Ning XA, An T, Zhang J, Chen C, Ke Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Sun J, Liu J. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in textile dyeing sludge with ultrasound and Fenton processes: Effect of system parameters and synergistic effect study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:7-16. [PMID: 26795704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To establish an efficient oxidation process for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in textile dyeing sludge, the effects of various operating parameters were optimized during the ultrasound process, Fenton process and the combined ultrasound-Fenton process. The results showed that the ultrasonic density of 1.80w/cm(3), both H2O2 and Fe(2+) dosages of 140mmol/L and pH 3 were favorable conditions for the degradation of PAHs. The degradation efficiency of high molecular weight PAHs was close to or even higher than that of light molecular weight PAHs. The highest degradation efficiencies of Σ16 PAHs were obtained within 30min in the order of: Fenton (83.5%) >ultrasound-Fenton (75.5%) >ultrasound (45.5%), then the efficiencies were decreased in the other of: ultrasound-Fenton (73.0%) >Fenton (70.3%) >ultrasound (41.4%) in 60min. The extra PAHs were released from the intracellular substances and the cavities of sludge due to the disruption of sludge during the oxidation process. Also, the degradation of PAHs could be inhibited by the other organic matter in the sludge. The combined ultrasound-Fenton process showed more efficient than both ultrasound process and Fenton process not only in the surface of sludge but also in the sludge interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xun-an Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Taicheng An
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changmin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaowei Ke
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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50
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Souza FL, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lanza MRV, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Performance of wind-powered soil electroremediation process for the removal of 2,4-D from soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 171:128-132. [PMID: 26861224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied a wind-powered electrokinetic soil flushing process for the removal of pesticides from soil. This approach aims to develop an eco-friendly electrochemical soil treatment technique and to face the in-situ treatment of polluted soils at remote locations. Herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is selected as a model pollutant for the soil treatment tests. The performance of the wind-powered process throughout a 15 days experiment is compared to the same remediation process powered by a conventional DC power supply. The wind-powered test covered many different wind conditions (from calm to near gale), being performed 20.7% under calm conditions and 17% under moderate or gentle breeze. According to the results obtained, the wind-powered soil treatment is feasible, obtaining a 53.9% removal of 2,4-D after 15 days treatment. Nevertheless, the remediation is more efficient if it is fed by a constant electric input (conventional DC power supply), reaching a 90.2% removal of 2,4-D with a much lower amount of charge supplied (49.2 A h kg(-1) and 4.33 A h kg(-1) for wind-powered and conventional) within the same operation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Souza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M R V Lanza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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