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Liu Z, Sun H, Li Y, Bao Q, Huang Y. Metabolic regulation mechanism of melatonin for reducing cadmium accumulation and improving quality in rice. Food Chem 2024; 455:139857. [PMID: 38823141 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin acts as a potential regulator of cadmium (Cd) tolerance in rice. However, its practical value in rice production remains unclear. To validate the hypothesis that melatonin affects Cd accumulation and rice quality, a series of experiments were conducted. The results showed that exogenous melatonin application was associated with reduced Cd accumulation (23-43%) in brown rice. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that exogenous melatonin affected the rice protein secondary structure and starch short-range structure. Metabolomics based on LC-MS/MS revealed that exogenous melatonin altered the brown rice metabolic profile, decreased fatty acid metabolite content, but increased amino acid metabolite, citric acid, melatonin biosynthetic metabolite, and plant hormone contents. These findings indicate that exogenous melatonin can effectively reduced Cd accumulation and improve rice quality through metabolic network regulation, serving as an effective treatment for rice cultivated in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Liu
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicology and Pollution Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicology and Pollution Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiongli Bao
- Innovation Team of Heavy Metal Ecotoxicology and Pollution Remediation, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Yizong Huang
- School of Energy and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, China.
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2
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Ozavize SF, Qiu CW, Wu F. Astaxanthin induces plant tolerance against cadmium by reducing cadmium uptake and enhancing carotenoid metabolism for antioxidant defense in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108622. [PMID: 38677187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination poses a significant threat to global food security and the environment. Astaxanthin (AX), a potent biological antioxidant belonging to the carotenoid group, has been demonstrated to confer tolerance against diverse abiotic stresses in plants. This study investigated the potential of AX in mitigating Cd-induced damage in wheat seedlings. Morpho-physiological, ultrastructural, and biochemical analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of AX on Cd-exposed wheat seedlings. Illumina-based gene expression profiling was employed to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of AX. The addition of 100 μM AX alleviated Cd toxicity by enhancing various parameters: growth, photosynthesis, carotenoid content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), while reducing Cd accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels. RNA sequencing analysis revealed differentially expressed genes associated with Cd uptake and carotenoid metabolism, such as zinc/iron permease (ZIP), heavy metal-associated protein (HMA), 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3-beta-HSD), and thiolase. These findings suggest that AX enhances Cd tolerance in wheat seedlings by promoting the expression of detoxification and photosynthesis-related genes. This research offers valuable insights into the potential use of AX to address Cd contamination in agricultural systems, highlighting the significance of antioxidant supplementation in plant stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleiman Fatimoh Ozavize
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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3
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Zhang M, Gao JY, Dong SC, Chang MH, Zhu JX, Guo DL, Guo CH, Bi YD. Alfalfa MsbHLH115 confers tolerance to cadmium stress through activating the iron deficiency response in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1358673. [PMID: 38410731 PMCID: PMC10894947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1358673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution severely affects plant growth and development, posing risks to human health throughout the food chain. Improved iron (Fe) nutrients could mitigate Cd toxicity in plants, but the regulatory network involving Cd and Fe interplay remains unresolved. Here, a transcription factor gene of alfalfa, MsbHLH115 was verified to respond to iron deficiency and Cd stress. Overexpression of MsbHLH115 enhanced tolerance to Cd stress, showing better growth and less ROS accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Overexpression of MsbHLH115 significantly enhanced Fe and Zn accumulation and did not affect Cd, Mn, and Cu concentration in Arabidopsis. Further investigations revealed that MsbHLH115 up-regulated iron homeostasis regulation genes, ROS-related genes, and metal chelation and detoxification genes, contributing to attenuating Cd toxicity. Y1H, EMSA, and LUC assays confirmed the physical interaction between MsbHLH115 and E-box, which is present in the promoter regions of most of the above-mentioned iron homeostasis regulatory genes. The transient expression experiment showed that MsbHLH115 interacted with MsbHLH121pro. The results suggest that MsbHLH115 may directly regulate the iron-deficiency response system and indirectly regulate the metal detoxification response mechanism, thereby enhancing plant Cd tolerance. In summary, enhancing iron accumulation through transcription factor regulation holds promise for improving plant tolerance to Cd toxicity, and MsbHLH115 is a potential candidate for addressing Cd toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Yun Gao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Chen Dong
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng-Han Chang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Zhu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Dong-Lin Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Hong Guo
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Genetics and Genetic Breeding, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying-Dong Bi
- Institute of Crops Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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4
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Ahmad M, Ahmed S, Yasin NA, Wahid A, Sardar R. Exogenous application of glutathione enhanced growth, nutritional orchestration and physiochemical characteristics of Brassica oleracea L. under lead stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1103-1116. [PMID: 37829699 PMCID: PMC10564701 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle to agricultural production and yield quality is heavy metal contamination of the soil and water, which leads to lower productivity and quality of crops. The situation has significantly worsened as a result of the growing population and subsequent rise in food consumption. The growth of nutrient-rich plants is hampered by lead (Pb) toxicity in the soil. Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli) is a prominent vegetable crop in the Brassicaceae family subjected to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses that dramatically lower crop yields. Seed priming is a novel, practicable, and cost-effective method that can improve various abiotic stress tolerances. Many plant metabolic activities depend on the antioxidant enzyme glutathione (GSH), which also chelates heavy metals. Keeping in view the stress mitigation potential of GSH, current research work was designed to inspect the beneficial role of seed priming with GSH on the growth, morphological and gas exchange attributes of broccoli seedlings under Pb stress. For this purpose, broccoli seeds were primed with 25, 50, and 75 µM L-1 GSH. Plant growth and photosynthetic activity were adversely affected by Pb stress. Furthermore, Pb stress enhanced proline levels along with reduced protein and phenol content. The application of GSH improved growth traits, total soluble proteins, chlorophyll content, mineral content, and gas exchange parameters. The involvement of GSH in reducing Pb concentrations was demonstrated by an improved metal tolerance index and lower Pb levels in broccoli plants. The results of the current study suggest that GSH can be used as a strategy to increase broccoli tolerance to Pb by enhancing nutrient uptake, growth and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ahmad
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakil Ahmed
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Sardar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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5
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Liang A, Ma C, Xiao J, Hao Y, Li H, Guo Y, Cao Y, Jia W, Han L, Chen G, Tan Q, White JC, Xing B. Micro/nanoscale bone char alleviates cadmium toxicity and boosts rice growth via positively altering the rhizosphere and endophytic microbial community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131491. [PMID: 37121038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
This present study investigated pork bone-derived biochar as a promising amendment to reduce Cd accumulation and alleviate Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice. Micro/nanoscale bone char (MNBC) pyrolyzed at 400 °C and 600 °C was synthesized and characterized before use. The application rates for MNBCs were set at 5 and 25 g·kg-1 and the Cd exposure concentration was 15 mg·kg-1. MNBCs increased rice biomass by 15.3-26.0% as compared to the Cd-alone treatment. Both types of MNBCs decreased the bioavailable Cd content by 27.4-54.8%; additionally, the acid-soluble Cd fraction decreased by 10.0-12.3% relative to the Cd alone treatment. MNBC significantly reduced the cell wall Cd content by 50.4-80.2% relative to the Cd-alone treatment. TEM images confirm the toxicity of Cd to rice cells and that MNBCs alleviated Cd-induced damage to the chloroplast ultrastructure. Importantly, the addition of MNBCs decreased the abundance of heavy metal tolerant bacteria, Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi, by 29.6-41.1% in the rhizosphere but had less impact on the endophytic microbial community. Overall, our findings demonstrate the significant potential of MNBC as both a soil amendment for heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation and for crop nutrition in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States; The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States.
| | - Jiang Xiao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Yi Hao
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yaozu Guo
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Weili Jia
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lanfang Han
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guangcai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400, China
| | - Qian Tan
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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Niu L, Li C, Wang W, Zhang J, Scali M, Li W, Liu H, Tai F, Hu X, Wu X. Cadmium tolerance and hyperaccumulation in plants - A proteomic perspective of phytoremediation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114882. [PMID: 37037105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental pollutant and poses a risk of transfer into the food chain through contaminated plants. Mechanisms underlying Cd tolerance and hyperaccumulation in plants are not fully understood. Proteomics-based approaches facilitate an in-depth understanding of plant responses to Cd stress at the systemic level by identifying Cd-inducible differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). In this review, we summarize studies related to proteomic changes associated with Cd-tolerance mechanisms in Cd-tolerant crops and Cd-hyperaccumulating plants, especially the similarities and differences across plant species. The enhanced DAPs identified through proteomic studies can be potential targets for developing Cd-hyperaccumulators to remediate Cd-contaminated environments and Cd-tolerant crops with low Cd content in the edible organs. This is of great significance for ensuring the food security of an exponentially growing global population. Finally, we discuss the methodological drawbacks in current proteomic studies and propose that better protocols and advanced techniques should be utilized to further strengthen the reliability and applicability of future Cd-stress-related studies in plants. This review provides insights into the improvement of phytoremediation efficiency and an in-depth study of the molecular mechanisms of Cd enrichment in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Monica Scali
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuju Tai
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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7
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Ghouri F, Shahid MJ, Liu J, Lai M, Sun L, Wu J, Liu X, Ali S, Shahid MQ. Polyploidy and zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviated Cd toxicity in rice by modulating oxidative stress and expression levels of sucrose and metal-transporter genes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130991. [PMID: 36860085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Cd toxicity causes severe perturbations to the plant's growth and development. Here, polyploid and diploid rice lines were treated with zinc-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and Cd, and physiological, cytological and molecular changes were observed. The Cd toxicity significantly reduced plant's growth attributes (such as shoot length, biological yield, dry matter, and chlorophyll contents, which decreased by 19%, 18%, 16%, 19% in polyploid and 35%, 43%, 45% and 43% in diploid rice, respectively), and disturbed the sugar level through the production of electrolytes, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. The application of ZnO-NPs significantly alleviated the Cd toxicity in both lines by improving the antioxidant enzymes activities and physiochemical attributes. Semi-thin sections and transmission electron microscope revealed more and different types of abnormalities in diploid rice compared to polyploid rice under Cd stress. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis identified several differentially expressed genes between polyploid and diploid rice, especially metal and sucrose transporter genes. The GO, COG, and KEGG analyses revealed ploidy-specific pathways associated with plant growth and development. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs application to both rice lines significantly improved plant growth and decreased Cd accumulation in plants. We inferred that polyploid rice is more resistant to Cd stress than diploid rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ghouri
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Munazzam Jawad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jingwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mingyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lixia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jinwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Huang YY, Shen C, Fu HL, Xin JL, He CT, Yang ZY. Proteomic and Biochemical Evidence Involving Root Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Modification, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, and Glutathione Metabolism in Cultivar-Dependent Cd Accumulation of Water Spinach ( Ipomoea aquatica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2784-2794. [PMID: 36727512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis and biochemical tests were employed to investigate the critical biological processes responsible for the different cadmium (Cd) accumulations between two water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) cultivars, QLQ and T308. QLQ, with lower shoot Cd accumulation and translocation factor than T308, possessed higher expression of cell wall biosynthesis and modification proteins in roots, together with higher lignin and pectin contents, higher pectin methylesterase activity, and lower pectin methylation. The results demonstrated that QLQ could more effectively restrict root-to-shoot Cd translocation by compartmentalizing more Cd in root cell walls. In contrast, T308 showed higher expression of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and heavy metal transporter proteins, accompanied by higher GSH content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, which accelerated Cd uptake and translocation in T308. These findings revealed several critical biological processes responsible for cultivar-dependent Cd accumulation in water spinach, which are important for elucidating Cd accumulation and transport mechanisms in different cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Shen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Liang Xin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
- School of Agriculture, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, People's Republic of China
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Al-Masri MS, Arabi MIE, Al-Daoude A, Khalily H, Amin Y, Shoaib A, Al-Khateeb Y, Al-Masri W, Khalill I, Aboud O. Comparison of transfers for natural radionuclides (238U, 234Th, 226Ra, 210Pb & 210Po) from five different soils to four different barley genotypes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Liu D, Gao Z, Li J, Yao Q, Tan W, Xing W, Lu Z. Effects of cadmium stress on the morphology, physiology, cellular ultrastructure, and BvHIPP24 gene expression of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:455-465. [PMID: 35771710 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2090496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism of the response of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) to cadmium (Cd) stress, this study investigated changes in the phenotype, physiological indexes, and subcellular structure of B. vulgaris under Cd treatment and the transcriptional pattern of the BvHIPP24 gene (a heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein involved in heavy metal detoxification). The plant height and shoot and root growth of B. vulgaris seedlings were inhibited to some extent under 0.5 and 1 mM Cd, with gradually wilting and yellowing of leaves and dark brown roots. When the Cd concentration was increased, malondialdehyde content and the activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase increased differentially. qPCR indicated that the expression of BvHIPP24 was induced by different concentrations of Cd. Although transmission electron microscopy revealed damage to nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, B. vulgaris exhibited strong adaptability to 0.5 mM Cd according to a comprehensive analysis using the membership function. The results showed that B. vulgaris may reduce cell damage and improve its Cd tolerance by regulating functional gene expression and antioxidant enzymes. This study increases our understanding of the Cd-tolerance mechanism of B. vulgaris and provides insights into the use of B. vulgaris in Cd bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Liu
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo Gao
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Yao
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenbo Tan
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Wang Xing
- National Beet Medium-Term Gene Bank, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenqiang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Lin K, Williams DV, Zeng M, Ahmed IM, Dai H, Cao F, Wu F. Identification of low grain cadmium accumulation genotypes and its physiological mechanism in maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20721-20730. [PMID: 34741735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination poses adverse impacts on crop yield and quality. Maize is a widely cultivated cereal throughout the world. In this study, field and hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the genotypic difference in Cd accumulation and tolerance in maize. There were significant genotypic differences in grain Cd concentrations among 95 genotypes. From these 95 genotypes, L42 which showed a higher grain Cd concentration and L63 which showed a lower grain Cd concentration was selected for further study. Under Cd stress, L63 showed much less reduction in plant growth than L42 compared with the control. Seedlings of L63 recorded higher Cd concentration in roots, but lower in shoots L42, indicating that the low grain Cd concentration in L63 is mainly due to the low rate of transportation of Cd from roots to shoots. Most Cd accumulated in epidermis and xylem vessels of L63, while the green fluorescent was found across almost the entire cross-section of root in L42. Obvious ultrastructural damage was observed in L42 under Cd stress, especially in mesophyll cells, while L63 was less affected. These findings could contribute to developing low Cd accumulation and high tolerance maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaina Lin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Darron V Williams
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Huaxin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment & Tobacco Leaf Quality, CNTC, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zeshan A, Abdullah M, Adil MF, Wei D, Noman M, Ahmed T, Sehar S, Ouyang Y, Shamsi IH. Improvement of morpho-physiological, ultrastructural and nutritional profiles in wheat seedlings through astaxanthin nanoparticles alleviating the cadmium toxicity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:126511. [PMID: 34246522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal accumulation in arable lands and water bodies has become one of the serious global issues among multitude of food security challenges. In particular, cadmium (Cd) concentration has been increasing substantially in the environment that negatively affects the growth and yield of important agricultural crops, especially wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). No doubt, nanotechnology is a revolutionary science but the comprehension of nanoparticle-plants interaction and its potential alleviatory role against metal stress is still elusive. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of astaxanthin nanoparticles (AstNPs) in Cd stress amelioration and their interaction with wheat under Cd-spiked conditions. The AstNPs fabrication was confirmed through ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, where the particles showed characteristic peak at 423 nm. However, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses confirmed the presence of stabilized spherical-shaped nanocrystals of AstNPs within the size range of 12.03-30.37 nm. The hydroponic application of AstNPs (100 mg L-1) to Cd-affected wheat plants increased shoot height (59%), shoot dry weight (31%), nitrogen concentration (42%), and phosphorus concentration (26%) as compared to non-treated Cd affected seedlings. Moreover, AstNPs-treated plants showed reduction in acropetal Cd translocation (29%) in contrast to plants treated with Cd only. Under Cd-spiked conditions, AstNPs-treated plants displayed an improved nutrient profile (P, N, K+ and Ca2+) with a relative decrease in Na+ content in comparison with non-treated plants. Interestingly, it was found that AstNPs restricted the translocation of Cd to aerial plant parts by negatively regulating Cd transporter genes (TaHMA2 and TaHMA3), and relieved plants from oxidative burst by activating antioxidant machinery via triggering expressions of TaSOD and TaPOD genes. Consequently, it was observed that the application of AstNPs helped in maintaining the nutrient acquisition and ionic homeostasis in Cd-affected wheat plants, which subsequently improved the physiochemical profiles of plants under Cd-stress. This study suggests that AstNPs plausibly serve as stress stabilizers for plants under heavy metal-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zeshan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Dongming Wei
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Younan Ouyang
- China National Rice Research Institute (CNRRI), Fuyang 311400, PR China
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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13
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Nizar M, Shaukat K, Zahra N, Hafeez MB, Raza A, Samad A, Ali Q, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM. Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid and Hydrogen Peroxide Ameliorate Cadmium Stress in Milk Thistle by Enhancing Morpho-Physiological Attributes Grown at Two Different Altitudes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:809183. [PMID: 35154205 PMCID: PMC8830505 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.809183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd+2) is a potential and widespread toxic environmental pollutant, mainly derived from a rapid industrial process that has inhibitory effects on growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of various plant species, including medicinal plants such as Silybum marianum L. Gaertn commonly known as milk thistle. Plant signaling molecules, when applied exogenously, help to enhance/activate endogenous biosynthesis of potentially important signaling molecules and antioxidants that boost tolerance against various abiotic stresses, e.g., heavy metal stress. The present study documented the protective role of salicylic acid (SA;0.25 μM) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 10 μM) priming, foliar spray, and combinational treatments in reducing Cd+2 toxicity (500 μM) in milk thistle grown at two diverse ecological zones of Balochistan Province of Pakistan i.e., Quetta (Qta) and Turbat (Tbt). The morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of milk thistle were significantly affected by Cd+2 toxicity; however, priming and foliar spray of SA and H2O2 significantly improved the growth attributes (root/shoot length, leaf area, and root/shoot fresh and dry weight), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, b, and carotenoids) and secondary metabolites (Anthocyanin, Soluble phenolics, and Tannins) at both altitudes by suppressing the negative impact of Cd+2. However, the oxidative damage parameters, i.e., MDA and H2O2, decreased astonishingly under the treatment of signaling molecules, thereby protecting membrane integrity under Cd+2 stress. The morphological variations were profound at the low altitude (Tbt) as compared to the high altitude (Qta). Interestingly, the physiological and biochemical attributes at both altitudes improved under SA and H2O2 treatments, thus hampered the toxic effect of Cd+2. These signaling compounds enhanced tolerance of plants under heavy metal stress conditions with the consideration of altitudinal, and ambient temperature variations remain to be the key concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mereen Nizar
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kanval Shaukat
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Zahra
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yu Y, Shi K, Li X, Luo X, Wang M, Li L, Wang G, Li M. Reducing cadmium in rice using metallothionein surface-engineered bacteria WH16-1-MT. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111801. [PMID: 34339701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains poses a health risk for humans. In this study, a bacterium, Alishewanella sp. WH16-1-MT, was engineered to express metallothionein on the cell surface. Compared with the parental WH16-1 strain, Cd2+ adsorption efficiency of WH16-1-MT in medium was increased from 1.2 to 2.6 mg/kg dry weight. The WH16-1-MT strain was then incubated with rice in moderately Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Compared with WH16-1, inoculation with WH16-1-MT increased plant height, panicle length and thousand-kernel weight, and decreased the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione and the activity of peroxidase. Compared with WH16-1, WH16-1-MT inoculation significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd in brown rice, husks, roots and shoots by 44.0 %, 45.5 %, 36.1 % and 47.2 %, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with WH16-1-MT reduced the bioavailability of Cd in soil, with the total Cd proportion in oxidizable and residual states increased from 29 % to 32 %. Microbiome analysis demonstrated that the addition of WH16-1-MT did not significantly alter the original bacterial abundance and community structure in soil. These results indicate that WH16-1-MT can be used as a novel microbial treatment approach to reduce Cd in rice grown in moderately Cd-contaminated paddy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Kaixiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xuexue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Xiong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Mingshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
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15
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Su L, Xie Y, He Z, Zhang J, Tang Y, Zhou X. Network response of two cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivars to Cadmium stress as revealed by transcriptome analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112473. [PMID: 34224970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination severely threatens human health. Therefore, screening and breeding low-Cd absorption cultivars of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is essential to restrict human Cd intake. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to perform a comparative transcriptome analysis of the leaves of two cherry tomato cultivars with different Cd contents under different Cd stress (0, 10, and 50 μM), for the purpose of exploring the differences in the transcriptional responses to Cd stress between the two cultivars. Our results revealed that the Cd content in the leaves of HLZ (Hanluzhe; a low-Cd accumulation cultivar) was significantly lower than that in the leaves of LFC (Lvfeicui; a high-Cd accumulation cultivar). Transcriptome analysis showed that the different expression genes (DEGs) were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction, antioxidant enzymes, cell wall biosynthesis, and metal transportation. In the LFC leaves, DEGs in the IAA signal transduction and antioxidant enzymes exhibited higher transcription levels. However, the DEGs in the ETH signal transduction demonstrated a lower transcription level compared to that of HLZ. Over-expressed genes in the pectin biosynthesis and pectin methylesterase (PME) of the LFC leaves might result in the trapping of Cd by increased levels of low-methylated pectin around the cell wall. Furthermore, Cd transporter genes, such as HMA5, NRAMP6, CAX3, ABCC3, and PDR1, were up-regulated in the HLZ leaves, indicating that the HLZ cultivar comprised an active Cd transport capacity from apoplast to vacuolar. This may contribute to the low Cd concentration observed in the HLZ leaves. Overall, our study provides a molecular basis for tomato screening and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Su
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yongdong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China; Institute for Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqun He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoting Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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16
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Wang K, Yu H, Zhang X, Ye D, Huang H, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Li T. A transcriptomic view of cadmium retention in roots of cadmium-safe rice line (Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126379. [PMID: 34329031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms controlling cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice will benefit the development of strategies to minimize Cd accumulation in grains. A Cd-safe rice line designated D62B accumulated less than 0.2 mg Cd kg-1 in brown rice due to its strong capacity for Cd retention in roots. Here transcriptomic was used to clarify the underlying mechanisms of Cd response in roots of D62B compared with a high Cd-accumulating line (Wujin4B). There were 777, 1058 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in D62B and Wujin4B, respectively, when exposed to Cd. The functions of DEGs were clearly line-specific. Cell wall biosynthesis responded more intensively to Cd stress in D62B, facilitating Cd restriction. Meanwhile, more glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins synthesized in D62B with the upregulation of sulphur and GSH metabolism. Besides, membrane proteins played critical roles in Cd response in D62B, whereas 18 terms involved in regulation were enriched in Wujin4B. Exogenous GSH further induced the expression of genes related to GSH metabolism and cell wall biosynthesis, leading to the retention of more Cd. Great responsiveness of cell wall biosynthesis and GSH metabolism could be considered the most important specific mechanisms for Cd retention in the roots of Cd-safe rice line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keji Wang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Daihua Ye
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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17
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Song T, Das D, Hu Q, Yang F, Zhang J. Alternate wetting and drying irrigation and phosphorus rates affect grain yield and quality and heavy metal accumulation in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141862. [PMID: 32889281 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation was reported to increase rice root activity and element bioavailability, which results in enhanced heavy metal (HM) absorption and this HM ends up in rice grains. HM uptake was also affected by the levels of phosphorus (P) fertilizer application. HMs enter food chain via consumption of rice grains and cause health problems. In this study, we compared the differences in grain yield, grain quality, water use efficiency (WUE), partial factor productivity of applied P (PFPp), HM contents in different tissues and transfer coefficient (TC) of HMs under a combination of treatments involving two irrigation regimes (continuous flooding (CF) and AWD irrigation) and three P fertilizer application levels (0.4 g P2O5/kg soil, HP; 0.2 g P2O5/kg soil, MP; 0 g P2O5/kg soil, LP). Compared to CF, AWD irrigation increased grain yield (without reducing grain quality), decreased irrigation water use and the number of irrigation events needed and improved WUE and PFPp at all three P fertilizer application levels, while the accumulation of HMs in grains increased when more P was applied. This accumulation of HMs in grains thus requires immediate attention to the level of P fertilizer application and its optimization in water-saving AWD irrigation to minimize grain HM content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Debatosh Das
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qijuan Hu
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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18
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Qiu CW, Zhang C, Wang NH, Mao W, Wu F. Strigolactone GR24 improves cadmium tolerance by regulating cadmium uptake, nitric oxide signaling and antioxidant metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 273:116486. [PMID: 33484996 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) in the food chain poses a serious hazard to human health. Therefore, a greenhouse hydroponic experiment was conducted to examine the potential of exogenously strigolactone GR24 in lessening Cd toxicity and to investigate its physiological mechanisms in the two barley genotypes, W6nk2 (Cd-sensitive) and Zhenong8 (Cd-tolerant). Exogenous application of 1 μM GR24 (strigol analogue) reduced the suppression of growth caused by 10 μM Cd, lowered plant Cd contents, increased the contents of other nutrient elements, protected chlorophyll, sustained photosynthesis, and markedly reduced Cd-induced H2O2 and malondialdehyde accumulation in barley. Furthermore, exogenous GR24 markedly increased NO contents and nitric oxide synthase activity in the Cd-sensitive genotype, W6nk2, effectively alleviating the Cd-induced repression of the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, increasing reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) pools and activities of AsA-GSH cycle including ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and monodehydroascorbate reductase. The findings of the present study indicate that GR24 could be a candidate for Cd detoxification by decreasing Cd contents, balancing nutrient elements, and protecting barley plants from toxic oxidation via indirectly eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS), consequently contributing to reducing the potential risk of Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nian-Hong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weihua Mao
- Bio-Macromolecules Analysis Lab, Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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19
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Huang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Fang B, YangJin T, Zou J, Chen Y, Su N, Cui J. Enhanced vacuole compartmentalization of cadmium in root cells contributes to glutathione-induced reduction of cadmium translocation from roots to shoots in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111616. [PMID: 33396136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that exogenous glutathione (GSH) decreased cadmium (Cd) concentration in shoots and alleviated the growth inhibition in pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) under Cd stress. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown how GSH decreases Cd accumulation in edible parts of pakchoi. This experiment mainly explored the mechanisms of GSH-induced reduction of Cd accumulation in shoot of pakchoi. The results showed that compared with sole Cd treatment, Cd + GSH treatment remarkably increased the expression of BcIRT1 and BcIRT2, and further enhanced the concentrations of Cd and Fe in root. By contrast, GSH application declined the concentration of Cd in the xylem sap. However, these results were not caused by xylem loading process because the expression of BcHMA2 and BcHMA4 had not significant difference between sole Cd treatment and Cd + GSH treatment. In addition, exogenous GSH significantly enhanced the expression of BcPCS1 and promoted the synthesis of PC2, PC3 and PC4 under Cd stress. At the same time, exogenous GSH also significantly improved the expression of BcABCC1 and BcABCC2 in the roots of seedling under Cd stress, suggesting that more PCs-Cd complexes may be sequestrated into vacuoles by ABCC1 and ABCC2 transporters. The results showed that exogenous GSH could up-regulate the expression of BcIRT1/2 to increase the Cd accumulation in root, and the improvement of PCs contents and the expression of BcABCC1/2 enhanced the compartmentalization of Cd in root vacuole of pakchoi under Cd stress. To sum up, exogenous GSH reduce the concentration of free Cd2+ in the cytoplast of root cells and then dropped the loading of Cd into the xylem, which eventually given rise to the reduction of Cd accumulation in edible portion of pakchoi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Derui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tsering YangJin
- College of Plant Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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20
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Modulation of Key Physio-Biochemical and Ultrastructural Attributes after Synergistic Application of Zinc and Silicon on Rice under Cadmium Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010087. [PMID: 33406626 PMCID: PMC7824249 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive industrialization and the usage of pesticides plague the farming soils with heavy metals, reducing the quality of arable land. Assessing phytoavailability of cadmium (Cd) from growth medium to plant system is crucial and necessitates precise and timely monitoring of Cd to ensure food safety. Zinc (Zn) and silicon (Si) have singularly demonstrated the potential to ameliorate Cd toxicity and are important for agricultural production, human health, and environment in general. However, Zn-Si interaction on Cd toxicity alleviation, their effects and underlying mechanisms are still fragmentarily understood. Seven treatments were devised besides control to evaluate the single and combined effects of Zn and Si on the physio-biochemical attributes and ultrastructural fingerprints of Cd-treated rice genotypes, i.e., Cd tolerant “Xiushui-110” and Cd sensitive “HIPJ-1”. Supplementation of both Zn and Si promoted plant biomass, photosynthetic parameters, ionic balance, and improved chloroplast ultrastructure with minimized Cd uptake and malondialdehyde (MDA) content due to the activation of antioxidant enzymes in Cd stressed plants. The combined effects of 10 μM Zn and 15 μM Si on 15 μM Cd displayed a greater reduction in Cd uptake and root-leaf MDA content, while enhancing photosynthetic activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and root-leaf ultrastructure particularly in HIPJ-1, whilst Xiushui-110 had an overall higher leaf catalase (CAT) activity and a higher root length and shoot height was observed in both genotypes compared to the Cd 15 µM treatment. Alone and combined Zn and Si alleviation treatments reduced Cd translocation from the root to the stem for HIPJ-1 but not for Xiushui-110. Our results confer that Zn and Si singularly and in combination are highly effective in reducing tissue Cd content in both genotypes, the mechanism behind which could be the dilution effect of Cd due to improved biomass and competitive nature of Zn and Si, culminating in Cd toxicity alleviation. This study could open new avenues for characterizing interactive effects of simultaneously augmented nutrients in crops and provide a bench mark for crop scientists and farmers to improve Cd tolerance in rice.
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Exogenous Glutathione Alleviation of Cd Toxicity in Italian Ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum) by Modulation of the Cd Absorption, Subcellular Distribution, and Chemical Form. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218143. [PMID: 33158133 PMCID: PMC7663564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular fractions and the chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) reflect its level of toxicity to plants; however, these effects of exogenous glutathione (GSH) are poorly understood. We exposed two Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cultivars (IdyII and Harukaze) to 50 µM Cd or 200 µM GSH to investigate the effect of GSH on the Cd uptake, subcellular compartments, and chemical forms. Cd significantly inhibited the plant growth, while GSH supplementation decreased this inhibition. The application of GSH significantly improved the Cd concentration in the roots but reduced that in the shoots and decreased the Cd translocation from root to shoot. The Cd concentration of the root in the cell wall was increased while the concentration in the soluble fraction was decreased when supplied with GSH. The inorganic form (80% ethanol for Cd extraction) in the roots was significantly reduced when treated with GSH. The Cd form extracted by 2% acetic acid (HAC) with low toxicity and immobility were greatly increased. In leaves, the application GSH decreased in any form of Cd form extracted. In conclusion, exogenous GSH decreased the translocation of Cd and alleviated Italian ryegrass Cd toxicity by accumulating more Cd in the root cell wall and immobilizing more Cd in lower toxicity fractions.
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Yang JS, Dai Y, Liu Y, Duan S, Li YY, Hu R, Zhou Z, Shi Y, Liu H, Wang S. Reduced cadmium accumulation in tobacco by sodium chloride priming. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37410-37418. [PMID: 32399872 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution threatens agricultural security worldwide. This study tested the efficacy of priming chemicals to decrease Cd uptake by tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum). After initial screening from nine different chemicals (NaCl, Cd(CH3COO)2, Cd(NO3)2, CdCl2, KHNO3, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), ß-aminobutyric acid (BABA), and glutathione (GSH)), NaCl and PEG-6000 were further investigated because of their low risks to plant growth and efficiency to Cd reduction. Priming procedures (concentrations) were optimized for both chemicals and the best one (100 mM NaCl) was used to test both soil and hydroponic media. The results showed 31.3% lower Cd concentrations in shoots after priming with 100 mM NaCl. Phenotype parameters of the plants were also measured and showed no significant impacts of the priming procedures on the shoot biomass and the uptakes of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), nor the photosynthetic capacity (net photosynthesis rate (Pn) and chlorophyll concentration (SPAD)). Histological observations of the roots showed a significant increase of the stele diameter after NaCl priming and a subsequent negative correlation between shoot Cd concentration and stele diameter was found after NaCl priming at different levels. This study confirmed 100 mM NaCl as an efficient priming treatment to decrease Cd uptake and the coarsening of the root stele was identified as a potential explanation for the observed decrease of Cd in tobacco shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shuo Yang
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
- Central-South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, 628 Furong Road, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanjiao Dai
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Science, 892 Yuanda Road, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Central-South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, 628 Furong Road, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Duan
- Central-South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, 628 Furong Road, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Central-South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, 628 Furong Road, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Risheng Hu
- Central-South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, 628 Furong Road, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Central-South Agricultural Experiment Station of China Tobacco, 628 Furong Road, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwei Liu
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Institute of Tobacco Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 11 Keyuanjingsi Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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Adil MF, Sehar S, Chen G, Chen ZH, Jilani G, Chaudhry AN, Shamsi IH. Cadmium-zinc cross-talk delineates toxicity tolerance in rice via differential genes expression and physiological / ultrastructural adjustments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110076. [PMID: 31838231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological and molecular response of crop genotypes could be useful in eco-toxicological evaluation with cadmium (Cd) and could be a strategy to solve heavy metal contamination in agriculture. This study corroborates unique patterns of Cd accumulation and molecular mechanisms adopted by plants to acquire Cd tolerance and counteractive effects of zinc (Zn) against Cd toxicity. Two rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes (Heizhan 43 and Yinni 801) differing in cadmium tolerance and its accumulation in plant tissues were investigated hydroponically using two Cd levels [Cd10 (10 μM L-1) and Cd15 (15 μM L-1)] and two Zn levels [Zn25 (25 μM L-2) and Zn50 (50 μM L-1)] and their combinations. Cadmium toxicity rendered substantial reduction in plant height, biomass, chlorophyll contents and photosynthesis as compared to the control plants after 15 days of treatment. Supplementation of Zn evidently ameliorated Cd toxicity by minimizing the reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic attributes (Pn, gs, Ci, and Tr). Comparatively, lower accumulation of Cd in Yinni 801 under combined treatments revealed a preferential uptake of Zn in this genotype. A cross-talk among Cd, Zn, Fe, Ca and K correlated with fluctuating gs, Ci and Tr. Both genotypes also differed in morphological alterations of cell membrane, chloroplasts and appearance of enlarged plastoglobuli along with distorted mitochondria. An increased ascorbate peroxidase activity in roots of Yinni 801 presented a defensive strategy. Relative expression of Cd and Zn ion transporter genes also confirmed the genotypic background of phenotypic divergence. The OsLCT1 and OsHMA2 expression was significant in Heizhan 43, indicating possible translocation of Cd from shoot to grains contrary to Yinni 801, which accumulated Cd in shoot and showed stunted growth. Zn supplementation promises tolerance to Cd in Yinni 801 by differential expression of putative genes for Cd translocation with minimum ultrastructural modifications by maintaining physiological functions in contrast to Heizhan 43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shafaque Sehar
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Nawaz Chaudhry
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Xiang D, Liao S, Tu S, Zhu D, Xie T, Wang G. Surfactants Enhanced Soil Arsenic Phytoextraction Efficiency by Pteris vittata L. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:259-264. [PMID: 31893300 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil arsenic (As) pollution has become a global problem. It is urgent to improve the phytoextraction efficiency of soil As. This study found chemical activators (Span 80/SDS and GSH/Span 80/SDS) that can significantly improve the availability of As and the phytoextraction efficiency of As by Pteris vittata L. in As-contaminated soil. Compared with the control, in the soil screening experiment, Span 80/SDS and GSH/Span 80/SDS significantly increased available As in soil by 73.4% and 81.4%, respectively. And in the soil pot experiment, the Span 80/SDS and GSH/Span 80/SDS significantly increased the As concentration in the pinnae of Pteris vittata L. by 53.4% and 41.2%, respectively, and the total As amount extraction by Pteris vittata L. increased significantly by 31.7% and 94.2%, respectively. The results suggest that adding Span 80/SDS and GSH/Span 80/SDS to As-contaminated soil can be considered as an effectively method to improve the efficiency of phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Xiang
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shuijiao Liao
- College of Basic Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Duanwei Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Gejiao Wang
- Department of State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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25
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Cao F, Dai H, Hao PF, Wu F. Silicon regulates the expression of vacuolar H +-pyrophosphatase 1 and decreases cadmium accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124907. [PMID: 31550592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the mechanism of Cd accumulation in crops is imperative for minimizing soil-to-plant transfer of Cd to improve safe food production. Hydroponic experiments were performed examining Cd accumulation, growth performance and protein characteristics of two rice genotypes, Xiushui817 and Zheda821, with low and high grain Cd accumulation, respectively, under Cd stress and in the presence of Si. Xiushui817 had lower root-to-shoot Cd translocation and was more sensitive to Cd stress than Zheda821. Si reduced the shoot Cd content in both genotypes but more efficacy in Zheda821. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-based proteomic analysis identified 25 proteins associated with low grain Cd accumulation, including vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase 1 (OVP1) that was up-regulated after Si addition in Zheda821. The sequence comparison of OVP1 showed one nucleotide difference in Xiushui817 relative to Zheda821 resulting in one amino acid. Overexpression of OVP1 reduced shoot Cd concentration and improved the growth of rice compared with WT under both control and Cd treatment. The results highlight the significant roles of OVP1 in both Cd accumulation and the Si-induced Cd reduction in rice. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of low Cd accumulation and Si-induced decrease in Cd accumulation in rice. OVP1 could be used for transgenic overexpression in rice or other cereals for safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Huaxin Dai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eco-environment & Tobacco Leaf Quality, CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Peng-Fei Hao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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26
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Huang Y, Zhu Z, Wu X, Liu Z, Zou J, Chen Y, Su N, Cui J. Lower cadmium accumulation and higher antioxidative capacity in edible parts of Brassica campestris L. seedlings applied with glutathione under cadmium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:13235-13245. [PMID: 30900120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is involved in not only plant developmental processes but also plant responses to abiotic stresses. A hydroponic experiment was performed to explore the protective roles of exogenous GSH in mitigating cadmium (Cd) stress in Brassica campestris L. seedlings by analyzing the morphological and physiological parameters. Results showed that Cd caused severe growth inhibition and Cd accumulation. However, application of GSH significantly mitigated toxic symptoms induced by Cd, including the improvement of the photosynthesis-, plant growth-, and root morphology-related parameters in seedlings under Cd stress. These responses were associated with a striking increase in activities of representative antioxidative enzymes and contents of corresponding non-enzymatic antioxidants. In vivo imaging of O2.- and H2O2, and the detection of lipid peroxidation further demonstrated that increased ability by GSH for Brassica campestris L. seedlings to endure Cd stress was consistent with a striking elevation of ratios of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid (AsA/DHA). Additionally, GSH application increased Cd retained in roots, thus significantly decreased its translocation from root to shoot, ultimately decreased Cd accumulation in shoots. Taken together, our results proved evidence for GSH in ameliorating Cd toxicity via reducing Cd accumulation in shoots and increasing oxidation resistance. Accordingly, application of GSH could be a high-efficiency and promising strategy to decrease Cd concentration in edible parts of Brassica campestris L. in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zili Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwen Zou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yahua Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Yan YY, Yang B, Lan XY, Li XY, Xu FL. Cadmium accumulation capacity and resistance strategies of a cadmium-hypertolerant fern - Microsorum fortunei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1209-1223. [PMID: 30308892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microsorum fortunei (M. fortunei), a close relative to the cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulator Microsorum pteropus, is an epiphytic Polypodiaceae fern with strong antioxidant activity. The Cd-accumulation capacities and Cd-resistance mechanisms of M. fortunei were analyzed in this study by measuring metal contents (Cd, Fe, Mg, Ca, Zn, Mn, K and Na) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, qN, qP, Y(II), Y(NPQ) and Y(NO)) and by performing an RNA-sequencing analysis. M. fortunei could accumulate up to 2249.10 μg/g DW Cd in roots under a 15-day 1000 μmol/L Cd treatment, with little Cd translocated into the leaves (maximum 138.26 μg/g DW). The M. fortunei leaves could maintain their normal physiological functions with no phytosynthesis damage and few changes in metal contents or differentially expressed genes. M. fortunei roots showed a decrease in Zn concentration, with potential Cd-tolerance mechanisms such as heavy metal transporters, vesicle trafficking and fusion proteins, antioxidant systems, and primary metabolites like plant hormones, revealed by differentially expressed functional genes. In conclusion, M. fortunei may serve as a potential cadmium-hypertolerant fern that sequesters and detoxifies most cadmium in the roots, with a minimum root-to-shoot Cd translocation to guarantee the physiological functions in the more vulnerable leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Yan
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bin Yang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yu Lan
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Li
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fu-Liu Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban & Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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28
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Ahmed IM, Nadira UA, Qiu CW, Cao F, Zhang G, Holford P, Wu F. Tolerance to Drought, Low pH and Al Combined Stress in Tibetan Wild Barley Is Associated with Improvement of ATPase and Modulation of Antioxidant Defense System. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113553. [PMID: 30423885 PMCID: PMC6274725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity and drought are two major constraints on plant growth in acidic soils, negatively affecting crop performance and yield. Genotypic differences in the effects of Al/low pH and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) induced drought stress, applied either individually or in combination, were studied in Tibetan wild (XZ5, drought-tolerant; XZ29, Al-tolerant) and cultivated barley (Al-tolerant Dayton; drought-tolerant Tadmor). Tibetan wild barley XZ5 and XZ29 had significantly higher H+-ATPase, Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase, and Na+K+-ATPase activities at pH 4.0+Al+PEG than Dayton and Tadmor. Moreover, XZ5 and XZ29 possessed increased levels in reduced ascorbate and glutathione under these conditions, and antioxidant enzyme activities were largely stimulated by exposure to pH 4.0+PEG, pH 4.0+Al, and pH 4.0+Al+PEG, compared to a control and to Dayton and Tadmor. The activity of methylglyoxal (MG) was negatively correlated with increased levels of glyoxalase (Gly) I and Gly II in wild barley. Microscopic imaging of each genotype revealed DNA damage and obvious ultrastructural alterations in leaf cells treated with drought or Al alone, and combined pH 4.0+Al+PEG stress; however, XZ29 and XZ5 were less affected than Dayton and Tadmor. Collectively, the authors findings indicated that the higher tolerance of the wild barley to combined pH 4.0+Al+PEG stress is associated with improved ATPase activities, increased glyoxalase activities, reduced MG, and lower reactive oxygen species levels (like O2− and H2O2) due to increased antioxidant enzyme activities. These results offer a broad comprehension of the mechanisms implicated in barley’s tolerance to the combined stress of Al/low pH and drought, and may provide novel insights into the potential utilization of genetic resources, thereby facilitating the development of barley varieties tolerant to drought and Al/low pH stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh.
| | - Umme Aktari Nadira
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Li M, Hao P, Cao F. Glutathione-induced alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Zea mays. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 119:240-249. [PMID: 28917143 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is known to alleviate cadmium (Cd) stress in many plant species. However, the comprehensive mechanisms responsible for this effect in maize are still need more investigation. Here, a combination of physiological and molecular approaches was utilized in GSH-Cd treated maize seedlings, which revealed that GSH reversed the adverse effects of Cd, as reflected by plant growth, plant hormones, vacuole, stoma development, gene expression, etc. Plant growth, root cell viability, photosynthetic capacity, redox equilibrium, and cell ultrastructure recovery following GSH treatment, coupled with the strong up-regulation of Cd tolerance-related genes (e.g., phytochelatin synthetase-like protein, MYB and WRKY transcription factors, and CYP450), demonstrated the efficient activation of cellular defense against Cd toxicity. The addition of GSH significantly elevated GSH/GSSG ratio and the activity of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in both shoots and roots and markedly reduced Cd concentration in shoots. Ethylene emission rate and abscisic acid (ABA) content were significantly reduced after GSH application in the presence of Cd, except ABA content in leaves. These findings highlighted the significance of GSH in alleviating Cd-stress in maize and indicate a promising strategy for safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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30
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Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Anee TI, Fujita M. Glutathione in plants: biosynthesis and physiological role in environmental stress tolerance. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:249-268. [PMID: 28461715 PMCID: PMC5391355 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH; γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is a small intracellular thiol molecule which is considered as a strong non-enzymatic antioxidant. Glutathione regulates multiple metabolic functions; for example, it protects membranes by maintaining the reduced state of both α-tocopherol and zeaxanthin, it prevents the oxidative denaturation of proteins under stress conditions by protecting their thiol groups, and it serves as a substrate for both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. By acting as a precursor of phytochelatins, GSH helps in the chelating of toxic metals/metalloids which are then transported and sequestered in the vacuole. The glyoxalase pathway (consisting of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes) for detoxification of methylglyoxal, a cytotoxic molecule, also requires GSH in the first reaction step. For these reasons, much attention has recently been directed to elucidation of the role of this molecule in conferring tolerance to abiotic stress. Recently, this molecule has drawn much attention because of its interaction with other signaling molecules and phytohormones. In this review, we have discussed the recent progress in GSH biosynthesis, metabolism and its role in abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Taufika Islam Anee
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795 Japan
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Lin L, Chen F, Cai Y, Chen ZH, Cao F. Genotypic differences in cadmium transport in developing barley grains. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7009-7015. [PMID: 28092001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genotypic differences in cadmium (Cd) transport in developing grains of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were investigated using detached ears cultured in a nutrient solution containing 0.5 and 5 μM Cd. Cd concentration in each part of the ear in W6nk2 (a low-grain-Cd-accumulation genotype) was much less than in Zhenong8 (a high accumulator) with 0.5 μM Cd treatment. However, Cd concentration in W6nk2 grains increased with an increase in external Cd level and was similar to Zhenong8 with 5 μM Cd treatment. Awn removal, a high relative humidity (RH, 90%) and addition of sucrose markedly decreased grain Cd concentration in Zhenong8 but less affected Cd transport to grain in W6nk2. Stem girdling reduced Cd transport to developing grains with 5 μM Cd treatment, especially for W6nk2, whereas no effect was found in either genotype with low Cd treatment. Our results suggested that higher grain Cd in Zhenong8 is closely related to a larger capacity for xylem transport and is connected with Cd translocation in xylem and phloem sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Fenghua Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Forestry, Zhejiang, 315500, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Mahakham W, Theerakulpisut P, Maensiri S, Phumying S, Sarmah AK. Environmentally benign synthesis of phytochemicals-capped gold nanoparticles as nanopriming agent for promoting maize seed germination. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 573:1089-1102. [PMID: 27639594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Application of nanotechnology in agriculture is moving towards to improve the cultivation and growth of crop plants. The present study is the first attempt to propose a simple, yet cost-effective and ecofriendly synthesis of phytochemicals-capped GNPs using rhizome extract of galanga plant at room temperature. The synthesized GNPs were characterized by various characterization techniques. To promote the green nanotechnology applications in agriculture, GNPs solution at environmentally realistic dose (5 to 15ppm) as nanopriming agent was used to activate the germination and early seedling growth of maize aged seeds. Priming with 5ppm GNPs showed the best effects on promoting emergence percentage (83%) compared to unprimed control (43%) and hydroprimed groups (56%). Seed priming at both 5 and 10ppm GNPs also enhanced seedling vigor index by 3 times over the control. Priming with GNPs at 10ppm was found to enhance the best physiological and biochemical properties of maize seedlings. Internalization studies by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) strongly supported that GNPs can internalize into seeds. However, ICP-OES analysis revealed that GNPs were not present in both shoot and root parts, suggesting that nanopriming approach minimizes the Au translocation from seeds into plant vegetative organs. Phytosynthesized GNPs were found to be less toxic than chemically synthesized GNPs. This is the first report showing phytochemicals-capped GNPs as a promising nanopriming agent for activating the germination of naturally aged seeds of crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuttipong Mahakham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Piyada Theerakulpisut
- Salt-tolerant Rice Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Santi Maensiri
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Santi Phumying
- School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Sun H, Dai H, Wang X, Wang G. Physiological and proteomic analysis of selenium-mediated tolerance to Cd stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:114-26. [PMID: 27434422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium can mitigate cadmium toxicity in plants. However, the mechanism of this alleviation has not been fully understood. In the present study, the role of Se in inducing tolerance to Cd stress in cucumber was elucidated. Results showed that Se significantly alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition, reduced Cd concentration, increased SPAD value and improved photosynthetic performance. Through proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with mass spectrometry, 26 protein spots were identified, which were significantly influenced by Cd stress and/or Se application. Among these proteins, the abundance of 21 spots (10 in leaves and 11 in roots) were repressed in Cd-treated and up-accumulated or no-changed in Cd+Se-treated cucumber. These altered proteins were involved in the response to stress, metabolism, photosynthesis and storage, they were including glutathione S-transferase F8, heat shock protein STI-like, peroxidase, ascorbate oxidase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 2, NiR, Rieske type ion sulfur subunit and PsbP domain-containing protein 6. Furthermore, we identified five proteins with an increase in relative abundance after Cd treatment, they were involved in the functional groups active in response to stress and transport. The present study provided novel insights into Se-mediated tolerance of cucumber seedlings against Cd toxicity at the proteome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sun
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China.
| | - Huaxin Dai
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Institute of Shanxi Soil and Water Conservation, Taiyuan 030045, PR China
| | - Guohui Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, PR China
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Bukhari SAH, Wang R, Wang W, Ahmed IM, Zheng W, Cao F. Genotype-dependent effect of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide on chromium-induced changes in ultrastructure and physicochemical traits in tobacco seedlings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18229-38. [PMID: 27272770 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse hydroponic experiments were carried out using three different heavy metal accumulation tobacco genotypes to evaluate how different genotypes responded to chromium (Cr) toxicity in the presence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR; a biologically active brassinosteroid). The results showed that Cr stress caused a marked reduction in plant biomass, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence, and photosynthesis parameters but induced malondialdehyde accumulation and ultrastructure damage, with 2010-38 (L) less affected. Foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide (0.1 μM) on Cr-stressed plants greatly alleviated Cr-induced inhibition of growth and photosynthesis, oxidative stress and ultrastructure damage, decreased Cr accumulation in different parts of leaves and roots, with the exception of the upper and lower of leaves of genotype L, and maintained ion homeostasis. Regarding genotypes, L was more tolerant than M and H, as it absorbed less Cr and also performed better in all of the studied parameters. These findings suggest a potential role for 24-epibrassinolide in Cr stress alleviation and the utilization of elite genetic resources in future breeding programs to develop low Cr accumulation genotypes. These results advocate a positive role for 24-epibrassinolide in reducing pollutant residues from health point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Runfeng Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weite Zheng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Adrees M, Rizvi H, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Hannan F, Qayyum MF, Hafeez F, Ok YS. Cadmium stress in rice: toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:17859-79. [PMID: 26996904 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the main pollutants in paddy fields, and its accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and subsequent transfer to food chain is a global environmental issue. This paper reviews the toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and management of Cd in a rice paddy. Cadmium toxicity decreases seed germination, growth, mineral nutrients, photosynthesis, and grain yield. It also causes oxidative stress and genotoxicity in rice. Plant response to Cd toxicity varies with cultivars, growth condition, and duration of Cd exposure. Under Cd stress, stimulation of antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, ion homeostasis, and over production of signaling molecules are important tolerance mechanisms in rice. Several strategies have been proposed for the management of Cd-contaminated paddy soils. One such approach is the exogenous application of hormones, osmolytes, and signaling molecules. Moreover, Cd uptake and toxicity in rice can be decreased by proper application of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, zinc, iron, and selenium in Cd-contaminated soils. In addition, several inorganic (liming and silicon) and organic (compost and biochar) amendments have been applied in the soils to reduce Cd stress in rice. Selection of low Cd-accumulating rice cultivars, crop rotation, water management, and exogenous application of microbes could be a reasonable approach to alleviate Cd toxicity in rice. To draw a sound conclusion, long-term field trials are still required, including risks and benefit analysis for various management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adrees
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Rizvi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Hafeez
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Centre & Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
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36
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Daud MK, Mei L, Azizullah A, Dawood M, Ali I, Mahmood Q, Ullah W, Jamil M, Zhu SJ. Leaf-based physiological, metabolic, and ultrastructural changes in cultivated cotton cultivars under cadmium stress mediated by glutathione. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:15551-64. [PMID: 27126868 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is present in the world over especially in the industrialized parts of the world. To reduce Cd accumulation in various crops especially food crops, alleviating agents such as reduced glutathione (GSH) can be applied, which are capable either to exclude or to sequester Cd contamination. This study investigated the leaf-based spatial distribution of physiological, metabolic, and microstructural changes in two cotton cultivars (Coker 312 and TM-1) under GSH-mediated Cd stress using single levels of Cd (50 μM) and GSH (50 μM) both separately and in mix along with control. Results showed that GSH revived the morphology and physiology of both cotton cultivars alone or in mix with Cd. Cd uptake was enhanced in all segments of leaf and whole leaf upon the addition of GSH. GSH alleviated Cd-induced reduction in the photosynthetic pigment compositions and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Mean data of biomarkers (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium (TTC), total soluble protein (TSP), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) revealed the adverse effects of Cd stress on leaf segments of both cultivars, which were revived by GSH. The oxidative metabolism induced by Cd stress was profoundly influenced by exogenous GSH application. The microstructural alterations were mainly confined to chloroplastic regions of leaves under Cd-stressed conditions, which were greatly revived upon the GSH addition. As a whole, Cd stress greatly affected TM-1 as compared to Coker 312. These results suggest a positive role of GSH in alleviating Cd-mediated changes in different leaf sections of cotton cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Daud
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Lei Mei
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Dawood
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ali
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - S J Zhu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Mustafa G, Komatsu S. Toxicity of heavy metals and metal-containing nanoparticles on plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:932-44. [PMID: 26940747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants are under the continual threat of changing climatic conditions that are associated with various types of abiotic stresses. In particular, heavy metal contamination is a major environmental concern that restricts plant growth. Plants absorb heavy metals along with essential elements from the soil and have evolved different strategies to cope with the accumulation of heavy metals. The use of proteomic techniques is an effective approach to investigate and identify the biological mechanisms and pathways affected by heavy metals and metal-containing nanoparticles. The present review focuses on recent advances and summarizes the results from proteomic studies aimed at understanding the response mechanisms of plants under heavy metal and metal-containing nanoparticle stress. Transport of heavy metal ions is regulated through the cell wall and plasma membrane and then sequestered in the vacuole. In addition, the role of different metal chelators involved in the detoxification and sequestration of heavy metals is critically reviewed, and changes in protein profiles of plants exposed to metal-containing nanoparticles are discussed in detail. Finally, strategies for gaining new insights into plant tolerance mechanisms to heavy metal and metal-containing nanoparticle stress are presented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Mustafa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; National Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8518, Japan.
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38
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Blackmore T, Thomas I, McMahon R, Powell W, Hegarty M. Genetic-geographic correlation revealed across a broad European ecotypic sample of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) using array-based SNP genotyping. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2015; 128:1917-1932. [PMID: 26093611 PMCID: PMC4572065 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Publically available SNP array increases the marker density for genotyping of forage crop, Lolium perenne. Applied to 90 European ecotypes composed of 716 individuals identifies a significant genetic-geographic correlation. Grassland ecosystems are ubiquitous across temperate and tropical regions, totalling 37% of the terrestrial land cover of the planet, and thus represent a global resource for understanding local adaptations to environment. However, genomic resources for grass species (outside cereals) are relatively poor. The advent of next-generation DNA sequencing and high-density SNP genotyping platforms enables the development of dense marker assays for population genetics analyses and genome-wide association studies. A high-density SNP marker resource (Illumina Infinium assay) for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was created and validated in a broad ecotype collection of 716 individuals sampled from 90 sites across Europe. Genetic diversity within and between populations was assessed. A strong correlation of geographic origin to genetic structure was found using principal component analysis, with significant correlation to longitude and latitude (P < 0.001). The potential of this array as a resource for studies of germplasm diversity and identifying traits underpinning adaptive variation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blackmore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK.
| | - I Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK
| | - R McMahon
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK
| | - W Powell
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK
| | - M Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK.
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Van Bockhaven J, Steppe K, Bauweraerts I, Kikuchi S, Asano T, Höfte M, De Vleesschauwer D. Primary metabolism plays a central role in moulding silicon-inducible brown spot resistance in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015; 16:811-24. [PMID: 25583155 PMCID: PMC6638399 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, a multitude of studies have shown the ability of silicon (Si) to protect various plants against a range of microbial pathogens exhibiting different lifestyles and infection strategies. Despite this relative wealth of knowledge, an understanding of the action mechanism of Si is still in its infancy, which hinders its widespread application for agricultural purposes. In an attempt to further elucidate the molecular underpinnings of Si-induced disease resistance, we studied the transcriptome of control and Si-treated rice plants infected with the necrotrophic brown spot fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus. Analysis of brown spot-infected control plants suggested that C. miyabeanus represses plant photosynthetic processes and nitrate reduction in order to trigger premature senescence and cause disease. In Si-treated plants, however, these pathogen-induced metabolic alterations are strongly impaired, suggesting that Si alleviates stress imposed by the pathogen. Interestingly, Si also significantly increased photorespiration rates in brown spot-infected plants. Although photorespiration is often considered as a wasteful process, recent studies have indicated that this metabolic bypass also enhances resistance during abiotic stress and pathogen attack by protecting the plant's photosynthetic machinery. In view of these findings, our results favour a scenario in which Si enhances brown spot resistance by counteracting C. miyabeanus-induced senescence and cell death via increased photorespiration. Moreover, our results shed light onto the mechanistic basis of Si-induced disease control and support the view that, in addition to activating plant immune responses, Si can also reduce disease severity by interfering with pathogen virulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Bockhaven
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ingvar Bauweraerts
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shoshi Kikuchi
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asano
- Plant Genome Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David De Vleesschauwer
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Chen GK, Li XB, He HZ, Li HS, Zhang ZM. Varietal differences in the growth of rice seedlings exposed to perchlorate and their antioxidative defense mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:1926-1933. [PMID: 25898795 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate perchlorate (ClO4 (-) ) phytotoxicity in different rice varieties. Considerable variations were observed when 24 rice varieties were treated with ClO4 (-) . The shoot height, root length, and biomass of most varieties were significantly reduced by ClO4 (-) . The roots were more sensitive than the shoots. Hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated primarily 4 groups: ClO4 (-) -sensitive, medium ClO4 (-) -sensitive, medium ClO4 (-) tolerant, and ClO4 (-) -tolerant. Gannuoxiang (a ClO4 (-) -tolerant variety) and IR65598-112-2 (a ClO4 (-) -sensitive variety) were chosen to explore their antioxidant response when exposed to 0.2 mmol/L, 2.0 mmol/L, and 4.0 mmol/L ClO4 (-) . The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased in the shoots and roots of gannuoxiang with increasing doses of ClO4 (-) , but both of them decreased at higher concentrations of ClO4 (-) in IR65598-112-2. The addition of ClO4 (-) led to a significant increase in peroxidase activities for both of the varieties, whereas the increase was more pronounced in gannuoxiang than in IR65598-112-2. No significant difference was found in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in gannuoxiang, whereas the addition of ClO4 (-) increased the MDA level significantly in IR65598-112-2. The results indicated that gannuoxiang has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes than IR65598-112-2 to cope with oxidative damage caused by ClO4 (-) stress, which may be the main cause of its high tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Kui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Zhi He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Shou Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, South China Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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41
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Wang N, Zhao J, He X, Sun H, Zhang G, Wu F. Comparative proteomic analysis of drought tolerance in the two contrasting Tibetan wild genotypes and cultivated genotype. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:432. [PMID: 26044796 PMCID: PMC4456048 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is one of major abiotic stresses constraining crop productivity worldwide. To adapt to drought stress, plants have evolved sophisticated defence mechanisms. Wild barley germplasm is a treasure trove of useful genes and offers rich sources of genetic variation for crop improvement. In this study, a proteome analysis was performed to identify the genetic resources and to understand the mechanisms of drought tolerance in plants that could result in high levels of tolerance to drought stress. RESULTS A greenhouse pot experiment was performed to compare proteomic characteristics of two contrasting Tibetan wild barley genotypes (drought-tolerant XZ5 and drought-sensitive XZ54) and cv. ZAU3, in response to drought stress at soil moisture content 10% (SMC10) and 4% (SMC4) and subsequently 2 days (R1) and 5 days (R2) of recovery. More than 1700 protein spots were identified that are involved in each gel, wherein 132, 92, 86, 242 spots in XZ5 and 261, 137, 156, 187 in XZ54 from SMC10, SMC4, R1 and R2 samples were differentially expressed by drought over the control, respectively. Thirty-eight drought-tolerance-associated proteins were identified using mass spectrometry and data bank analysis. These proteins were categorized mainly into photosynthesis, stress response, metabolic process, energy and amino-acid biosynthesis. Among them, 6 protein spots were exclusively expressed or up-regulated under drought stress in XZ5 but not in XZ54, including melanoma-associated antigen p97, type I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein b, glutathione S-transferase 1, ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase large chain. Moreover, type I chlorophyll a/b-binding protein b was specifically expressed in XZ5 (Spots A4, B1 and C3) but not in both of XZ54 and ZAU3. These proteins may play crucial roles in drought-tolerance in XZ5. Coding Sequences (CDS) of rbcL and Trx-M genes from XZ5, XZ54 and ZAU3 were cloned and sequenced. CDS length of rbcL and Trx-M was 1401 bp (the partial-length CDS region) and 528 bp (full-length CDS region), respectively, encoding 467 and 176 amino acids. Comparison of gene sequences among XZ5, XZ54 and ZAU3 revealed 5 and 2 SNPs for rbcL and Trx-M, respectively, with two 2 SNPs of missense mutation in the both genes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the significance of specific-proteins associated with drought tolerance, and verified the potential value of Tibetan wild barley in improving drought tolerance of barley as well as other cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbo Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Liu W, Shang S, Feng X, Zhang G, Wu F. Modulation of exogenous selenium in cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative metabolism, cadmium uptake, and photosynthetic performance in the 2 tobacco genotypes differing in cadmium tolerance. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:92-9. [PMID: 25263007 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic experiments were conducted using cadmium (Cd)-sensitive (cv Guiyan 1) and Cd-tolerant (Yunyan 2) tobacco cultivars to evaluate cultivar differences in response to Cd toxicity in the presence of selenium (Se). The results showed that addition of 3 µM Se in 50 µM Cd solution markedly reduced Cd accumulation in plants, alleviated Cd-induced growth inhibition, and increased nitrogen and chlorophyll contents as well as photosynthetic performance (i.e., net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate). External Se dramatically depressed Cd-induced O2 (•-) , H2 O2 , and malondialdehyde accumulation, especially in the sensitive cultivar. Selenium significantly elevated Cd-depressed activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione-peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the both cultivars after 7-d treatments. Meanwhile, Se counteracted Cd-induced alterations in certain nutrient elements; for example, it significantly increased Zn and Ca concentrations and reduced Mg concentration in both cultivars. Furthermore, Se significantly elevated Cd-depressed H(+) -K(+) -adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), Na(+) -K(+) -ATPase, and Ca(2+) -Mg(2+) -ATPase activities. The beneficial effect of Se under Cd stress may be related mainly to the increased ATPase activity and reduced Cd uptake and reactive oxygen species accumulation, thus reducing the negative consequences of oxidative stress caused by Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Liu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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A novel method for the simultaneous analysis of seven biothiols in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 976-977:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Xie L, He X, Shang S, Zheng W, Liu W, Zhang G, Wu F. Comparative proteomic analysis of two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) genotypes differing in Cd tolerance. Biometals 2014; 27:1277-89. [PMID: 25173101 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-014-9789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco can easily accumulate cadmium (Cd) in leaves and thus poses a potential threat to human health. Cd-stress-hydroponic-experiments were performed, and the proteomic and transcriptional features of two contrasting tobacco genotypes Yun-yan2 (Cd-tolerant) and Guiyan1 (Cd-sensitive) were compared. We identified 18 Cd-tolerance-associated proteins in leaves, using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, whose expression were significantly induced in Yunyan2 leaves but down-regulated/unchanged in Guiyan1, or unchanged in Yunyan2 but down-regulated in Guiyan1 under 50 µM Cd stress. They are including epoxide hydrolase, enoyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase, NPALDP1, chlorophyll a-b binding protein 25, heat shock protein 70 and 14-3-3 proteins. They categorized as 8 groups of their functions: metabolism, photosynthesis, stress response, signal transduction, protein synthesis, protein processing, transport and cell structure. Furthermore, the expression patterns of three Cd-responsive proteins were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Our findings provide an insight into proteomic basis for Cd-detoxification in tobacco which offers molecular resource for Cd-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Xie
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Dupae J, Bohler S, Noben JP, Carpentier S, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Problems inherent to a meta-analysis of proteomics data: a case study on the plants' response to Cd in different cultivation conditions. J Proteomics 2014; 108:30-54. [PMID: 24821411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This meta-analysis focuses on plant-proteome responses to cadmium (Cd) stress. Initially, some general topics related to a proteomics meta-analysis are discussed: (1) obstacles encountered during data analysis, (2) a consensus in proteomic research, (3) validation and good reporting practices for protein identification and (4) guidelines for statistical analysis of differentially abundant proteins. In a second part, the Cd responses in leaves and roots obtained from a proteomics meta-analysis are discussed in (1) a time comparison (short versus long term exposure), and (2) a culture comparison (hydroponics versus soil cultivation). Data of the meta-analysis confirmed the existence of an initial alarm phase upon Cd exposure. Whereas no metabolic equilibrium is established in hydroponically exposed plants, an equilibrium seems to be manifested in roots of plants grown in Cd-contaminated soil after long term exposure. In leaves, the carbohydrate metabolism is primarily affected independent of the exposure time and the cultivation method. In addition, a metabolic shift from CO2-fixation towards respiration is manifested, independent of the cultivation system. Finally, some ideas for the improvement of proteomics setups and for comparisons between studies are discussed. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This meta-analysis focuses on the plant responses to Cd stress in leaves and roots at the proteome level. This meta-analysis points out the encountered obstacles when performing a proteomics meta-analysis related to inherent technologies, but also related to experimental setups. Furthermore, the question is addressed whether an extrapolation of results obtained in hydroponic cultivation towards soil-grown plants is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joke Dupae
- Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan - Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sacha Bohler
- Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan - Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Institute, Hasselt University, Agoralaan - Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Sebastien Carpentier
- Afdeling Plantenbiotechniek, Catholic University Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42 - bus 2455, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan - Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Environmental Biology, Hasselt University, Agoralaan - Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Dai H, Zhao J, Ahmed IM, Cao F, Chen ZH, Zhang G, Li C, Wu F. Differences in physiological features associated with aluminum tolerance in Tibetan wild and cultivated barleys. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 75:36-44. [PMID: 24361508 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant production in acid soils. Wild barley germplasm is a treasure trove of useful genes and offers rich sources of genetic variation for crop improvement. Al-stress-hydroponic-experiments were performed, and the physiochemical characteristic of two contrasting Tibetan wild barley genotypes (Al-resistant XZ16 and Al-sensitive XZ61) and Al-resistant cv. Dayton were compared. Ultrastructure of chloroplasts and root cells in XZ16 was less injured than that in Dayton and XZ61. Moreover, XZ16 secreted significantly more malate besides citrate and exhibited less Al uptake and distribution than both of XZ61 and Dayton in response to Al stress, simultaneously maintained higher H⁺-, Ca²⁺Mg²⁺- and total-ATPase activities over XZ61. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide reduced citrate secretion from XZ16, but not from Dayton. In Tibetan wild barley, our findings highlight the significant correlations between Al tolerance, ATPase activity and citrate secretion, providing some insights into the physiological basis for Al-detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Dai
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Campus, University of Western Sydney, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Agriculture, Government of Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth WA6151, Australia.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Kim ST, Kim SG, Agrawal GK, Kikuchi S, Rakwal R. Rice proteomics: a model system for crop improvement and food security. Proteomics 2014; 14:593-610. [PMID: 24323464 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rice proteomics has progressed at a tremendous pace since the year 2000, and that has resulted in establishing and understanding the proteomes of tissues, organs, and organelles under both normal and abnormal (adverse) environmental conditions. Established proteomes have also helped in re-annotating the rice genome and revealing the new role of previously known proteins. The progress of rice proteomics had recognized it as the corner/stepping stone for at least cereal crops. Rice proteomics remains a model system for crops as per its exemplary proteomics research. Proteomics-based discoveries in rice are likely to be translated in improving crop plants and vice versa against ever-changing environmental factors. This review comprehensively covers rice proteomics studies from August 2010 to July 2013, with major focus on rice responses to diverse abiotic (drought, salt, oxidative, temperature, nutrient, hormone, metal ions, UV radiation, and ozone) as well as various biotic stresses, especially rice-pathogen interactions. The differentially regulated proteins in response to various abiotic stresses in different tissues have also been summarized, indicating key metabolic and regulatory pathways. We envision a significant role of rice proteomics in addressing the global ground level problem of food security, to meet the demands of the human population which is expected to reach six to nine billion by 2040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, South Korea
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Sebastian A, Prasad MNV. Photosynthesis mediated decrease in cadmium translocation protect shoot growth of Oryza sativa seedlings up on ammonium phosphate-sulfur fertilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:986-97. [PMID: 23852466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1948-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stress responses in seedlings of two Indian rice cultivars, MTU 7029 and MO 16 were investigated under ammonium-based fertilizer amendment. Cd translocation was reduced by fertilizer treatment. An increase in the production of organic acids as well as nitrogenous compounds and maintenance of nutrient status were implicated for decrease in Cd translocation which in turn promoted shoot growth. Fertilizer treatment increased photosynthetic pigments and activity of antioxidant enzymes that ensured steady photosynthetic rate during Cd stress. MO 16 showed Cd exclusion characteristics when compared with MTU 7029. Photosynthesis performance of MO 16 was not affected by Cd treatments. These findings suggest that photosynthesis influenced decrease in Cd translocation enhanced shoot growth of seedlings during ammonium phosphate-sulfur fertilizer supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abin Sebastian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Sun H, Cao F, Wang N, Zhang M, Mosaddek Ahmed I, Zhang G, Wu F. Differences in grain ultrastructure, phytochemical and proteomic profiles between the two contrasting grain Cd-accumulation barley genotypes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79158. [PMID: 24260165 PMCID: PMC3832469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal grain physio-chemical and proteomic differences between two barley genotypes, Zhenong8 and W6nk2 of high- and low- grain-Cd-accumulation, grain profiles of ultrastructure, amino acid and proteins were compared. Results showed that W6nk2 possesses significantly lower protein content, with hordein depicting the greatest genotypic difference, compared with Zhenong8, and lower amino acid contents with especially lower proportion of Glu, Tyr, Phe and Pro. Both scanning and transmission electron microscopy observation declared that the size of A-type starch molecule in W6nk2 was considerably larger than that of Zhenong8. Grains of Zhenong8 exhibited more protein-rich deposits around starch granules, with some A-type granules having surface pits. Seventeen proteins were identified in grains, using 2-DE coupled with mass spectrometry, with higher expression in Zhenong8 than that in W6nk2; including z-type serpin, serpin-Z7 and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor CM, carbohydrate metabolism, protein synthesis and signal transduction related proteins. Twelve proteins were less expressed in Zhenong8 than that in W6nk2; including barley trypsin inhibitor chloroform/methanol-soluble protein (BTI-CMe2.1, BTI-CMe2.2), trypsin inhibitor, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), pericentrin, dynein heavy chain and some antiviral related proteins. The data extend our understanding of mechanisms underlying Cd accumulation/tolerance and provides possible utilization of elite genetic resources in developing low-grain-Cd barley cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sun
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, P.R. China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Nanbo Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Adrangi S, Faramarzi MA. From bacteria to human: a journey into the world of chitinases. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1786-95. [PMID: 24095741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases, the enzymes responsible for the biological degradation of chitin, are found in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to higher plants and animals. They participate in numerous physiological processes such as nutrition, parasitism, morphogenesis and immunity. Many organisms, in addition to chitinases, produce inactive chitinase-like lectins that despite lacking enzymatic activity are involved in several regulatory functions. Most known chitinases belong to families 18 and 19 of glycosyl hydrolases, however a few chitinases that belong to families 23 and 48 have also been identified in recent years. In this review, different aspects of chitinases and chi-lectins from bacteria, fungi, insects, plants and mammals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Adrangi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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