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Gu W, Bai J, Chen J. Application of thermally treated sludge residues on an e-waste contaminated soil: effects on PTE bioavailability, soil physicochemical and biological properties, and L. perenne growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21962-21972. [PMID: 38400963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
In the context of sustainable development, potentially toxic element (PTE) contamination of soil and large-scale disposal of sludge are two major environmental issues that need to be addressed urgently. It is of great significance to develop efficient and green technologies to solve these problems simultaneously. This study investigated the effects of a 5% addition of thermally treated sludge residues (fermentation and pyrolysis residues) in synergy with L. perenne on soil organic matter, mineral nutrients, PTE speciation, and PTE uptake and transport by L. perenne in an e-waste-contaminated soil through pot experiments. The results showed that the thermally treated sludge residues significantly increased soil electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium contents. New PTE-containing crystalline phases were detected, and dissolved humic substances were found. Sludge fermentation residue significantly increased dissolved organic matter content, whereas sludge pyrolysis residue showed no significant effect. The combination of thermally treated sludge residues and L. perenne increased the residual fractions of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. The thermally treated sludge residues promoted L. perenne growth, increasing fresh weight, plant height, and phosphorus and potassium uptake. The uptake of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd by L. perenne was significantly reduced. This approach has the potential for applications in the ecological restoration of e-waste-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Jianfeng Bai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Capuana M, Michelozzi M, Colzi I, Menicucci F, Cencetti G, Gonnelli C. In vitro and in vivo copper-treated Myrtus communis L.: terpene profiles and evidence for potential cultivation on metal-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33101-33112. [PMID: 36474036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The intensive application of agro-chemicals, and in particular of copper (Cu)-based compounds, causes increasing pollution of agricultural land, with serious risks for human health. Aromatic plants used for purposes other than food, can be considered for the exploitation and/or remediation of metal-polluted substrates, since contamination of the essential oils by these metals was not significant. Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) is a Mediterranean evergreen shrub whose essential oil has many commercial applications. In this work, the effect of an excess of Cu in respect to control conditions was assessed on M. communis growth and foliar terpene composition. Metal accumulation in roots and shoots was also evaluated for the possible use of this species in phytoremediation. The amount of Cu applied in our experiments minimally affected the terpene profiles of in vitro grown plants, whereas no variations were detected in in vivo plants. The presence of the metal in the soil did not significantly impair plant growth, thus allowing its cultivation on polluted substrates. On the other hand, the amount of Cu in the plant was not enough to result in a significant reduction of Cu levels in the soil. Therefore, myrtle plants proved to be good candidates for the re-vegetation of Cu-contaminated lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Capuana
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Felicia Menicucci
- Institute for the Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cencetti
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
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Capuana M, Bianchi E, Cencetti G, Colzi I, Gonnelli C. Extracting cadmium in the presence of salt: a study on three poplar clones under controlled conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:1040-1051. [PMID: 32829429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the cadmium phytoextraction potential of three Populus alba L. clones cultivated in the presence of increasing sodium chloride concentrations. Plantlets of a commercial and two autochthonous poplar clones were grown in perlite with nutrient solution enriched in CdSO4 (50 and 100 μM) and NaCl (25 and 50 mM), administered either alone or in combination. The three clones showed significant variation not only in cadmium and salt tolerance, accumulation and content, but also in the effect of the interaction between the two elements on these parameters. The toxic effect of Cd and salt excess on plants was mutually exacerbated by the presence of both. Even though the outcome of the joint treatment was always a decrease in shoot Cd or Na accumulation, the three clones showed variation in the extent of such reduction. Evaluating the total element content per plant shoot, the fast-growing commercial clone displayed the highest phytoextraction potential for Cd and Na, either alone or in mixture. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the Cd response in presence of salt can vary in the different clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Capuana
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Bianchi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cencetti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
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Visconti D, Fiorentino N, Caporale AG, Stinca A, Adamo P, Motti R, Fagnano M. Analysis of native vegetation for detailed characterization of a soil contaminated by tannery waste. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 252:1599-1608. [PMID: 31279978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The risks for human health and the ecosystem due to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were investigated in a farmland classified as potentially contaminated by Cr and Zn by analysing native vegetation and relative rhizo-soils. Rhizo-soils of different plant species were found to be enriched by Cr and Zn as well as by elements omitted from official environmental characterization, namely Cd, As and Pb. The ecological risk index (ERI) had a mean value of 510, indicating high to "very high" risk in different habitats. ERI above the very high risk threshold characterized the rhizo-soils of Lolium perenne, Erigeron sumatrensis, Oloptum thomasii and Amaranthus retroflexus. Two of these plant species (E. sumatrensis and A. retroflexus) are exotic in Italy and accumulated Cd in the shoots above the EU threshold for forage, suggesting a potential risk of Cd transfer to the food chain. Hence, this element was found to contribute most to the ERI. Cynodon dactylon was recognized as the most suitable plant species for the phytostabilization of the contaminated site, as it showed the highest bioavailable Cd accumulation in roots coupled with the highest frequency and soil-cover capacity during spring-summer, when the risk of soil resuspension is generally more intense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Visconti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Fiorentino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio G Caporale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Stinca
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Motti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Fagnano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Naples, Italy
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Papini A, Luti S, Colzi I, Mazzoli L, Giorni E, Pazzagli L, Gonnelli C. Alternative responses to fungal attack on a metalliferous soil: Phytohormone levels and structural changes in Silene paradoxa L. growing under copper stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 286:37-48. [PMID: 31300140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a non-metallicolous and a metallicolous population of S. paradoxa were exposed to copper excess and fungal elicitation, and investigated for phytohormone production and cytological alterations. Under the stress applied separately and in combination, S. paradoxa plants varied phytohormone concentration in a population-specific way, suggesting a different signalling in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli according to the environment of origin. Generally, the stress responses consisted in increased levels of salicylic acid, auxin, and gibberellin in the non-metallicolous population, and of jasmonic and abscisic acid in the metallicolous one. Interestingly, the metallicolous population increased the level of such phytohormones following exposure to the fungal elicitor only in the presence of copper. This alternative hormonal signalling could derive from the incompatibility between the ordinary ROS-mediated response to pathogens and the acquired mechanisms that prevent oxidative stress in the population from the metal-rich soil. Furthermore, stress-induced autophagic phenomena were more evident in the non-metallicolous plants than in the metallicolous ones, suggesting that the adaptation to the metalliferous environment has also affected autophagy intensity and signalling in response to copper excess and fungal elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Mazzoli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Giorni
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Università di Firenze, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
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Antoniadis V, Shaheen SM, Levizou E, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Vithanage M, Ok YS, Bolan N, Rinklebe J. A critical prospective analysis of the potential toxicity of trace element regulation limits in soils worldwide: Are they protective concerning health risk assessment? - A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 127:819-847. [PMID: 31051325 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) may have toxic effects to plants and humans; thus, countries and organizations impose maximum allowable regulation limits of their concentrations in soils. Usually such limits are placed in different categories according to soil use, soil properties or based on both attributes. However, some countries have regulation limits irrespective of differentiation in soil properties. In this review, we aimed at collecting TE regulation limits in soils from major countries and organizations around the globe, and critiquing them by assessing potential human health risks in the case of soils attaining the maximum allowable values. We explored the soil-to-human pathway and differentiated among three major exposures from TEs, i.e., residential, industrial and agricultural. We observed the existence of problems concerning TE regulation limits, among which the fact that limits across countries do not regulate the same TEs, not even a minimum number of TEs. This indicates that countries do not seem to agree on which regulation limits of TEs pose a high risk. Also, these regulation limits do not take into account TE mobility to neighbouring environment interphases such as plant, especially edible, and water matrices. Moreover, limits for same TEs are vastly diverse across countries; this indicates that those countries have conflicting information concerning TE-related health risks. Subsequently, we addressed this problem of diversity by quantifying resultant risks; we did that by calculating human health risk indices, taking into consideration the cases in which the highest allowable TE limits are attained in soil. Arsenic limits were found to generate a relatively high hazard quotient (HQi, accounting for human intake over the maximum allowable oral reference dose for that same TE), indicating that its risk tends to be underestimated. Other TE limits, such as those of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn typically result in low HQi, meaning that limits in their cases are rather overprotective. Our approach reveals the need of reducing diversity in regulation limits by drafting soil legislations of worldwide validity, since risks are common across countries. We suggest that new directions should strategically tend to (a) reduce limits of TEs with underestimated contribution to health risk (such as As), (b) cautiously increase limits of TEs that currently cause minor health risks, (c) quantify TE risks associated with uptake to edible plants and potable water, and (d) consider multi-element contamination cases, where risks are cumulatively enhanced due to TE synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Efi Levizou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Greece
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science & Korea Biochar Research Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Franzaring J, Ancora S, Paoli L, Fongoh AH, Büttner P, Fangmeier A, Schlosser S, Monaci F. Phytotoxicity of polymetallic mine wastes from southern Tuscany and Saxony. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:505-513. [PMID: 30015197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Restoration potential of mine wastes or approaches to improve soil conditions and to ameliorate phytotoxicity on these sites may be simulated in standardized greenhouse experiments. Plants can be cultivated side by side on materials from different origins in dilution series with defined admixtures of certain aggregates. Mine wastes used in the present study originated from Fenice Capanne (FC, Tuscany, Italy) and Altenberg (ALT, Saxony, Germany). Tailings of the Italian site contain high concentrations of lead, zinc, arsenic and sulphur while tin, wolfram, molybdenum and lithium are highly elevated in the German mine waste. We tested growth responses of five crop species and analyzed concentrations of various metals and nutrients in the shoot to evaluate the toxicity of the FC mine waste and found oilseed rape being the most and corn the least resistant crop. Interestingly, oilseed rape accumulated seven times higher levels of lead than corn without showing adverse effects on productivity. In a subsequent comparison of FC and ALT mine waste, we cultivated different species of buckwheat (Fagopyrum spec.), a fast growing genus that evolved in mountain areas and that has been shown to be tolerant to low pH and high concentrations of metals. We found that the FC mine waste was more toxic than the ALT substrate in F. tataricum and F. esculentum. However, lower admixtures of FC material (10%) resulted in stronger growth reductions than higher proportions (25%) of the mine waste which was primarily related to the slightly lower pH and higher availability of essential metals due to the admixture of sand. These results confirm the importance of managing the soil chemical and physical characteristics of wastelands and call for the development of assisted reclamation to prepare sites for regular biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Franzaring
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology (320), August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - S Ancora
- University of Siena, Dept. of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - L Paoli
- University of Siena, Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - A H Fongoh
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology (320), August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Büttner
- Helmholtz Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Halsbrücker Str. 34, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - A Fangmeier
- University of Hohenheim, Institute for Landscape and Plant Ecology (320), August-von-Hartmann-Str. 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Schlosser
- Core Facility Hohenheim (CFH), Emil Wolff Str. 12, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Monaci
- University of Siena, Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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Bibbiani S, Colzi I, Taiti C, Guidi Nissim W, Papini A, Mancuso S, Gonnelli C. Smelling the metal: Volatile organic compound emission under Zn excess in the mint Tetradenia riparia. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 271:1-8. [PMID: 29650146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the effect of Zn excess on growth, metal accumulation and photosynthetic changes in Tetradenia riparia, in relation to possible variations in the composition of the plant volatilome. Experiments were carried out in hydroponics exposing plants to a range of Zn concentrations. Zinc excess negatively affected plant growth in a dose-dependent manner. The metal was accumulated proportionally to its concentration in the medium and preferentially allocated to roots. All the photosynthetic parameters and the concentration of some photosynthetic pigments were negatively affected by Zn, whereas the level of leaf total soluble sugars remained unchanged. Twenty-three different VOCs were identified in the plant volatilome. Each compound was emitted at a different level and intensity of emission was manifold increased by the presence of Zn in the growth medium. The Zn-induced compounds could represent both an adaptive response (f.i. methanol, acetylene, C6-aldehydes, isoprene, terpenes) and a damage by-product (f.i. propanal, acetaldehyde, alkyl fragments) of the metal presence in the culture medium. Given that the Zn-mediated induction of those VOCs, considered protective, occurred even under a Zn-limited photosynthetic capacity, our work supports the hypothesis of an active role of such molecules in an adaptive plant response to trace metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Bibbiani
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Taiti
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences - Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121 Florence, Italy.
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9
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Colzi I, Lastrucci L, Rangoni M, Coppi A, Gonnelli C. Using Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. to remove heavy metals from contaminated water: Better dead or alive? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:320-328. [PMID: 29502017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential of the invasive macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum to remove heavy metals. The elements tested were Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn, in single-metal trials, and experiments were performed with both the living and dead biomass of the plant. In respect of metal removal by living plants, the element that was removed the most was Zn, though Cd showed the highest concentration in plant shoots. The metal negative effect on plant growth was, therefore, more important than the level of metal concentration in plant tissue in determining the removal percentages. All the metals were mostly accumulated in the roots, where a considerable fraction of the element was simply adsorbed to root cell wall, except in the case of Cr. In shoots, the fraction of the adsorbed metal was extremely low in respect to roots, thereby implying a lower apoplastic binding capacity. As regards a possible use of the dead biomass for metal removal, we proposed the generation of a hybrid biosorbent enclosing the dried and grounded plant biomass in cotton bags to improve its handling and its adsorption capacity, in view of a valid alternative to reduce the problems of packed beds. Cadmium-and especially Zn-were the elements removed most efficiently with respect to the other metals. On comparing the removal percentages of the living biomass and the hybrid biosorbent, our data deposed in favour of the use of M. aquaticum as dead biomass for a possible application of this invasive macrophyte in the biological treatment of metal-contaminated water. Our findings may be beneficial to metal removal application accompanying wetland management, devising a possible use of M. aquaticum waste material after its removal from the invaded habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lastrucci
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, Florence, Italy.
| | - Mattia Rangoni
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, Florence, Italy
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10
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Capuana M, Colzi I, Buccianti A, Coppi A, Palm E, Del Bubba M, Gonnelli C. Paradoxical effects of density on measurement of copper tolerance in Silene paradoxa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1331-1339. [PMID: 29086177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated if the assessment of tolerance to trace metals can depend on plant density in the experimental design. A non-metallicolous and a metallicolous populations of Silene paradoxa were hydroponically cultivated at increasing density and in both the absence (-Cu conditions) and excess of copper (+Cu conditions). In -Cu conditions, the metallicolous population showed a lower susceptibility to plant density in comparison to the non-metallicolous one, explained by a higher capacity of the metallicolous population to exploit resources. In +Cu conditions, an alleviating effect of increasing density was found in roots. Such effect was present to a greater extent in the non-metallicolous population, thus making the populations equally copper-tolerant at the highest density used. In shoots, an additive effect of increasing plant density to copper toxicity was reported. Its higher intensity in the metallicolous population reverted the copper tolerance relationship at the highest plant densities used. In both populations, a density-induced decrease in root copper accumulation was observed, thus concurring to the reported mitigation in +Cu conditions. Our work revealed the importance of density studies on the optimization of eco-toxicological bioassays and of metal tolerance assessment and it can be considered the first example of an alleviating effect of increasing plant number on copper stress in a metallophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Capuana
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Polo Scientifico, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Buccianti
- Department of Earth Science, Università di Firenze, via La Pira 4, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy
| | - Emily Palm
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, Università di Firenze, via delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy.
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11
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Selvi F, Carrari E, Colzi I, Coppi A, Gonnelli C. Responses of serpentine plants to pine invasion: Vegetation diversity and nickel accumulation in species with contrasting adaptive strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:72-80. [PMID: 28376429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of non-native trees is one of the major threats to ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. Stands of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) introduced decades ago represent a threat to the specialized plant communities of serpentine outcrops in Italy. This study investigates the effects of such invasions at the community and species level, based on vegetation sampling in three selected sites with comparable environmental conditions. Pine cover caused a decrease of α-diversity by lowering the species evenness of the community, though species richness was not negatively affected. Compositional changes between the two habitats were significant but not clearly associated with a decrease in taxonomic distinctness in the pine stands. As many as nine indicator species were found in the open vegetation, along with the obligate endemics Odontarrhena bertolonii and Armeria denticulata. Both of them declined in the pine stands. Here, an increase in the phytoavailable nickel fraction was associated with a decrease in total nickel concentration in the soil, via mobilization of the metal caused by lowering of pH induced by the conifer litter. The nickel-hyperaccumulator O. bertolonii was able to maintain high metal concentrations in the shoots despite a decrease in root concentration, resulting in a higher shoot/root ratio in the pine stands (~20). Conversely, shoot/root ratio in the non-accumulator Plantago holosteum was <1 and not affected by the conifer, as well as its abundance in this anthropogenic habitat. Contrasting responses of the two species were likely due to their different sensitivity to modified light and soil conditions, whereas stability of shoot nickel-concentration in O. bertolonii did not support increased predation by natural enemies as one of the causes for its decline under the conifer. Progressive thinning of these stands is advocated to limit soil nickel mobilization and to restore a unique ecosystem with its endemic metallophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Selvi
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente (DISPAA), Laboratorio di Botanica Ambientale ed Applicata, P.le delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Elisa Carrari
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell'Ambiente (DISPAA), Laboratorio di Botanica Ambientale ed Applicata, P.le delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Laboratorio di Ecologia e Fisiologia Vegetale, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Laboratorio di Ecologia e Fisiologia Vegetale, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Biologia, Laboratorio di Ecologia e Fisiologia Vegetale, Via Micheli 1, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
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12
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Yuan Y, Yu S, Bañuelos GS, He Y. Accumulation of Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn by plants in tanning sludge storage sites: opportunities for contamination bioindication and phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22477-22487. [PMID: 27552994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7469-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tanning sludge enriched with high concentrations of Cr and other metals has adverse effects on the environment. Plants growing in the metalliferous soils may have the ability to cope with high metal concentrations. This study focuses on potentials of using native plants for bioindication and/or phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated sites. In the study, we characterized plants and soils from six tanning sludge storage sites. Soil in these sites exhibited toxic levels of Cr (averaged 16,492 mg kg-1) and other metals (e.g., 48.3 mg Cu kg-1, 2370 mg Zn kg-1, 44.9 mg Pb kg-1, and 0.59 mg Cd kg-1). Different metal tolerance and accumulation patterns were observed among the sampled plant species. Phragmites australis, Zephyranthes candida, Cynodon dactylon, and Alternanthera philoxeroides accumulated moderate-high concentrations of Cr and other metals, which could make them good bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. High Cr and other metal concentrations (e.g., Cd and Pb) were found in Chenopodium rubrum (372 mg Cr kg-1), Aster subulatus (310 mg Cr kg-1), and Brassica chinensis (300 mg Cr kg-1), being considered as metal accumulators. In addition, Nerium indicum and Z. candida were able to tolerate high concentrations of Cr and other metals, and they may be used as preferable pioneer species to grow or use for restoration in Cr-contaminated sites. This study can be useful for establishing guidelines to select the most suitable plant species to revegetate and remediate metals in tanning sludge-contaminated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Yuan
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 301021, China.
| | - Shen Yu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 301021, China
| | - G S Bañuelos
- Water Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA, 93648-9757, USA
| | - Yunfeng He
- College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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13
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Taiti C, Giorni E, Colzi I, Pignattelli S, Bazihizina N, Buccianti A, Luti S, Pazzagli L, Mancuso S, Gonnelli C. Under fungal attack on a metalliferous soil: ROS or not ROS? Insights from Silene paradoxa L. growing under copper stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:282-292. [PMID: 26799504 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how the adaptation to metalliferous environments can influence the plant response to biotic stress. In a metallicolous and a non-metallicolous population of Silene paradoxa the induction of oxidative stress and the production of callose and volatiles were evaluated in the presence of copper and of the PAMP fungal protein cerato-platanin, separately and in combination. Our results showed incompatibility between the ordinary ROS-mediated response to fungal attack and the acquired mechanisms of preventing oxidative stress in the tolerant population. A similar situation was also demonstrated by the sensitive population growing in the presence of copper but, in this case, with a lack of certain responses, such as callose production. In addition, in terms of the joint behaviour of emitted volatiles, multivariate statistics showed that not only did the populations respond differently to the presence of copper or biotic stress, but also that the biotic and abiotic stresses interacted in different ways in the two populations. Our results demonstrated that the same incompatibility of hyperaccumulators in ROS-mediated biotic stress signals also seemed to be exhibited by the excluder metallophyte, but without the advantage of being able to rely on the elemental defence for plant protection from natural enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosimo Taiti
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, Università di Firenze, via delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Giorni
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sara Pignattelli
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Nadia Bazihizina
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, Università di Firenze, via delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Antonella Buccianti
- Department of Earth Science, Università di Firenze, via La Pira 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Simone Luti
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Università di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Luigia Pazzagli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Università di Firenze, viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Stefano Mancuso
- Department of Agri-Food and Environmental Science, Università di Firenze, via delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Cristina Gonnelli
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Firenze, Italy.
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14
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García-Gómez C, Esteban E, Sánchez-Pardo B, Fernández MD. Assessing the ecotoxicological effects of long-term contaminated mine soils on plants and earthworms: relevance of soil (total and available) and body concentrations. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1195-209. [PMID: 24875255 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The interactions and relevance of the soil (total and available) concentrations, accumulation, and acute toxicity of several essential and non-essential trace elements were investigated to determine their importance in environmental soil assessment. Three plant species (T. aestivum, R. sativum, and V. sativa) and E. fetida were simultaneously exposed for 21 days to long-term contaminated soils collected from the surroundings of an abandoned pyrite mine. The soils presented different levels of As and metals, mainly Zn and Cu, and were tested at different soil concentrations [12.5, 25, 50, and 100% of contaminated soil/soil (w/w)] to increase the range of total and available soil concentrations necessary for the study. The total concentrations in the soils (of both As and metals) were better predictors of earthworm uptake than were the available concentrations. In plants, the accumulation of metals was related to the available concentrations of Zn and Cu, which could indicate that plants and earthworms accumulate elements from different pools of soil contaminants. Moreover, Zn and Cu, which are essential elements, showed controlled uptake at low concentrations. The external metal concentrations predicted earthworm mortality, whereas in plants, the effects on growth were correlated to the As and metal contents in the plants. In general, the bioaccumulation factors were lower at higher exposure levels, which implies the existence of auto-regulation in the uptake of both essential and non-essential elements by plants and earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción García-Gómez
- Environment Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Ctra. A Coruña, km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Colzi I, Rocchi S, Rangoni M, Del Bubba M, Gonnelli C. Specificity of metal tolerance and use of excluder metallophytes for the phytostabilization of metal polluted soils: the case of Silene paradoxa L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:10960-10969. [PMID: 24888612 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work was planned for providing useful information about the use of excluder metallophytes for phytostabilization of soils contaminated also with elements scarcely represented in the metalliferous environment of origin. To this aim, we investigated tolerance and accumulation of several different elements in a metallicolous and a nonmetallicolous population of Silene paradoxa through a hydroponic experiment. S. paradoxa metallicolous population showed increased tolerance not only to all the metals highly represented in the environment of origin but also to some of those scarcely present. Therefore, our results deposed in favor of the occurrence of the co-tolerance phenomenon in S. paradoxa for some elements. Metal accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoots and lower in the metallicolous population than in the nonmetallicolous one, thus showing tolerance mechanisms to be based largely on metal exclusion. Anyway, the relative contribution of avoidance and of internal tolerance to metal tolerance was shown to be element-dependent. Present data revealed that metallicolous plants can effectively posses metal co-tolerances, which deserve to be investigated; as such, plants can actually represent a precious and exploitable tool also for the phytostabilization of soils contaminated with elements underrepresented in the environment of their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, Università di Firenze, via Micheli 1, 50121, Florence, Italy,
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16
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Zhang X, Gao B, Xia H. Effect of cadmium on growth, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition and metal accumulation of bana grass and vetiver grass. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 106:102-108. [PMID: 24836884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the differential effects of Cd contamination on the growth, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition and Cd accumulation of bana grass (Pennisetum americanum × Pennisetum purpureum) and vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides). Bana grass accumulated 48-453 and 25-208 mg kg(-1) in plant roots and shoots, respectively, at 15-100 mg kg(-1) soil Cd concentration, while vetiver grass accumulated 167-396 and 0.13-9.0 mg kg(-1). These results indicated that bana grass was a Cd accumulator while vetiver grass was a Cd excluder. The ratio of root to shoot biomass was significantly increased in vetiver grass, while it was unchanged in bana grass by Cd pollution. This suggests that excluders may allocate more energy to roots than shoots under Cd pollution compared to un-contaminated condition, while accumulators may allocate equal proportions of energy to roots and shoots. For bana grass, soil Cd pollution significantly decreased the concentration of Fe and Mn in roots as well as the translocation factors of Zn and K. For vetiver grass, soil Cd pollution significantly decreased the concentration of Fe in roots and had no influence on the translocation factors of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mg, K and Ca. Soil Cd pollution showed no significant effect on chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates in either of the grasses. The water content and leaf transpiration rate were significantly increased by Cd pollution in bana grass, while they were unchanged in vetiver grass. The results indicated that the energy allocation and mineral nutrition characteristics may aid in screening suitable plant species for phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Zhang
- Institute of Ecology, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Bo Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Hanping Xia
- Institute of Ecology, South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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