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Wang M, Wang X, Huang K, Han B, Li R, Shen Y, Zhuang Z, Wang Z, Wang L, Zhou Y, Jing T. Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals among Elderly in Wuhan, China: Prioritizing Risks Using EPA's ToxCast Database. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10001-10014. [PMID: 38788169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
In line with the "healthy aging" principle, we aim to assess the exposure map and health risks of environmental chemicals in the elderly. Blood samples from 918 elderly individuals in Wuhan, China, were analyzed using the combined gas/liquid-mass spectrometry technology to detect levels of 118 environmental chemicals. Cluster analysis identified exposure profiles, while risk indexes and bioanalytical equivalence percentages were calculated using EPA's ToxCast database. The detection rates for 87 compounds exceeded 70%. DEHP, DiBP, naphthalene, phenanthrene, DnBP, pyrene, anthracene, permethrin, fluoranthene, and PFOS showed the highest concentrations. Fat-soluble pollutants varied across lifestyles. In cluster 2, which was characterized by higher concentrations of fat-soluble substances, the proportion of smokers or drinkers was higher than that of nonsmokers or nondrinkers. Pesticides emerged as the most active environmental chemicals in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma antagonist, thyroid hormone receptor (TR) antagonist, TR agonist, and androgen receptor (AR) agonist activity assays. Additionally, PAEs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons played significant roles as active contaminants for the corresponding targets of AR antagonists and estrogen receptor alpha. We proposed a list of priority pollutants linked to endocrine-disrupting toxic effects in the elderly, which may provide the groundwork for further research into environmental etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ruifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhijia Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yikai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Yi W, Shi J, Wang L, Wang D, Wang Y, Song J, Xin L, Jiang F. Maternal PFOS exposure in mice induces hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in adult female offspring: Involvement of microbiome-gut-liver axis and autophagy. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134177. [PMID: 38565010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) are the persistent organic pollutants. In the present study, 0, 0.3, or 3-mg/kg PFOS were administered to pregnant mice from GD 11 to GD 18. The histopathology of liver and intestine, serum and hepatic lipid levels, lipid metabolism related genes, and gut microbiota were examined in adult female offspring. The results suggested that maternal PFOS exposure increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and induced F4/80+ macrophage infiltration in adult female offspring, in addition to the elevation of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels in low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. Furthermore, maternal exposure to PFOS increased serum triglyceride (TG) and hepatic total cholesterol (TC) levels, which was associated with the alteration of the process of fatty acid transport and β-oxidation, TG synthesis and transport, cholesterol synthesis and excretion in the liver. The AMPK/mTOR/autophagy signaling was also inhibited in the liver of adult female offspring. Moreover, changes in gut microbiota were also related to lipid metabolism, especially for the Desulfovibrio, Ligilactobacillus, Enterorhabdus, HT002 and Peptococcaceae_unclassified. Additionally, maternal exposure to PFOS decreased mRNA expressions of the tight junction protein and AB+ goblet cells in the colon, while increasing the overproduction of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and F4/80+ macrophage infiltration. Collectively, maternal PFOS exposure induced liver lipid accumulation and inflammation, which strongly correlated with the disruption of the gut-liver axis and autophagy in adult female offspring, highlighting the persistent adverse effects in offspring exposed to PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junwen Shi
- Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxuan Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Song
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Xin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Tang C, Gómez Ramos MJ, Heffernan A, Kaserzon S, Rauert C, Lin CY, Mueller JF, Wang X. Evaluation and identification of chemical migrants leached from baby food pouch packaging. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139758. [PMID: 37567267 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Multilayer plastic pouch (MLPP) has an estimated 9% annual increase of market growth. However, the migrants it can introduce to food has not yet been systematically studied. A total of 79 MLPPs for baby food were purchased from major retail outlets in Australia. The methodology for testing chemical migration followed the design of previous studies using four types of selected simulants according to the European Committee Regulation No. 10/2011 method. Four bisphenols and five phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) were detected, including the ones known for endocrine disrupting effect in human. Three intentionally added and 23 non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) were tentatively identified through a suspect screening procedure. Out of the 23 NIAS, neopentyl glycol - phthalic acid - 1,6-hexanediol - phthalic acid oligomer was identified for the first time with MLPP. A further two NIAS were detected for the first time in baby food related products. For 40% of the pouches where adipic acid - diethylene glycol was detected, the estimated exposure from consuming one pouch of food per day may exceed the threshold of toxicological concern established based on the Cramer classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - María José Gómez Ramos
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Department of Physics and Chemistry, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, University of Almería, Carr. Sacramento, S/n, 04120, La Cañada, Almería, Spain.
| | - Amy Heffernan
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cassandra Rauert
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Chun-Yin Lin
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Xianyu Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Minderoo Centre - Plastics and Human Health, University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
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Vitku J, Horackova L, Kolatorova L, Duskova M, Skodova T, Simkova M. Derivatized versus non-derivatized LC-MS/MS techniques for the analysis of estrogens and estrogen-like endocrine disruptors in human plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115083. [PMID: 37269613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols, parabens, alkylphenols and triclosan are anthropogenic substances with a phenolic group that have been introduced to the environment in recent decades. As they possess hormone-like effects, they have been termed endocrine disruptors (EDs), and can interfere with steroid pathways in organisms. To evaluate the potential impact of EDs on steroid biosynthesis and metabolism, sensitive and robust methods enabling the concurrent measurement of EDs and steroids in plasma are needed. Of crucial importance is the analysis of unconjugated EDs, which possess biological activity. The aim of the study was to develop and validate LC-MS/MS methods with and without a derivatization step for the analysis of unconjugated steroids (estrone-E1, estradiol-E2, estriol-E3, aldosterone-ALDO) and different groups of EDs (bisphenols, parabens, nonylphenol-NP and triclosan-TCS), and compare these methods on a set of 24 human plasma samples using Passing-Bablok regression analysis. Both methods were validated according to FDA and EMA guidelines. The method with dansyl chloride derivatization allowed 17 compounds to be measured: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), bisphenols (bisphenol A-BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ, BPP), parabens (methylparaben-MP, ethylparaben-EP, propylparaben-PP, butylparaben-BP, benzylparaben-BenzylP), TCS and NP, with lower limits of quantification (LLOQs) between 4 and 125 pg/mL. The method without derivatization enabled 15 compounds to be analyzed: estrogens (E1, E2, E3), ALDO, bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF, BPAP, BPZ), parabens (MP, EP, PP, BP, BenzylP) with LLOQs between 2 and 63 pg/mL, and NP and BPP in semiquantitative mode. Adding 6 mM ammonium fluoride post column into mobile phases in the method without derivatization achieved similar or even better LLOQs than the method with the derivatization step. The uniqueness of the methods lies in the simultaneous determination of different classes of unconjugated (bioactive) fraction of EDs together with selected steroids (estrogens + ALDO in the method without derivatization), which provides a useful tool for evaluating the relationships between EDs and steroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vitku
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - L Horackova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kolatorova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Duskova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Skodova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Simkova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Department of Steroids and Proteofactors, Narodni 8, 116 94 Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Department of Natural Compounds, Prague, Czech Republic
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Di Bella G, Porretti M, Cafarelli M, Litrenta F, Potortì AG, Turco VL, Albergamo A, Xhilari M, Faggio C. Screening of phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers and bisphenols in Sicilian women's blood. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104166. [PMID: 37268242 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The plastic accumulation and its degradation into microplastics is an environmental issue not only for their ubiquity, but also for the release of intrinsic chemicals, such as phthalates (PAEs), non-phthalate plasticizers (NPPs), and bisphenols (BPs), which may reach body organs and tissues, and act as endocrine disruptors. Monitoring plastic additives in biological matrices, such as blood, may help in deriving relationships between human exposure and health outcomes. In this work, the profile of PAEs, NPPs and BPs was determined in Sicilian women's blood with different ages (20-60 years) and interpreted by chemometrics. PAEs (DiBP and DEPH), NPPs (DEHT and DEHA), BPA and BPS were at higher frequencies and greater levels in women's blood and varied in relation to age. According to statistical analysis, younger females' blood had higher contents of plasticizers than older women, probably due to a more frequent use of higher quantities of plastic products in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Di Bella
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Miriam Porretti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Mirea Cafarelli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Litrenta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Giorgia Potortì
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Lo Turco
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences of the University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Hu W, Zhang MY, Liu LY, Zhang ZF, Guo Y. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) crossing the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier: Their occurrence in human cerebrospinal fluid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130003. [PMID: 36179624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Data remain scarce regarding the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the human brain for better understanding the cerebral disorders. In this study, we measured the concentrations and profiles of 26 traditional and emerging PFASs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is a preferred matrix to monitor pollutants in the human brain. Our results indicated perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and n-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid were the most frequently detected congeners (detection frequency >90%). As the predominant congeners, PFOA and PFOS contributed 27.7% and 14.5% of the total amount of PFASs (ΣPFASs), with respective mean concentration of 221 and 115 pg mL-1. In addition, the concentrations of ΣPFASs in CSF of males were generally higher than those of females, which may be related to the different half-lives of PFASs in different sexes. Interestingly, the concentrations of ΣPFASs and several individual congeners (e.g., perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid, PFHxS and PFOS) increased with age. The highest concentration of ΣPFASs was found in the elderly compared with other age groups, which may be due to the decreased CSF output as age increased. Our data are valuable for further studies regarding the toxic effects of PFASs on the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ming-Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Kowalczyk M, Piwowarski JP, Wardaszka A, Średnicka P, Wójcicki M, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Application of In Vitro Models for Studying the Mechanisms Underlying the Obesogenic Action of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) as Food Contaminants-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021083. [PMID: 36674599 PMCID: PMC9866663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to the group of environmental contaminants, which can adversely affect human health. A growing body of evidence supports that chronic exposure to EDCs can contribute to a rapid increase in obesity among adults and children, especially in wealthy industrialized countries with a high production of widely used industrial chemicals such as plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), parabens, flame retardants, and pesticides. The main source of human exposure to obesogenic EDCs is through diet, particularly with the consumption of contaminated food such as meat, fish, fruit, vegetables, milk, and dairy products. EDCs can promote obesity by stimulating adipo- and lipogenesis of target cells such as adipocytes and hepatocytes, disrupting glucose metabolism and insulin secretion, and impacting hormonal appetite/satiety regulation. In vitro models still play an essential role in investigating potential environmental obesogens. The review aimed to provide information on currently available two-dimensional (2D) in vitro animal and human cell models applied for studying the mechanisms of obesogenic action of various industrial chemicals such as food contaminants. The advantages and limitations of in vitro models representing the crucial endocrine tissue (adipose tissue) and organs (liver and pancreas) involved in the etiology of obesity and metabolic diseases, which are applied to evaluate the effects of obesogenic EDCs and their disruption activity, were thoroughly and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub P. Piwowarski
- Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.P.P.); (E.J.-K.)
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Xie MY, Sun XF, Wu CC, Huang GL, Wang P, Lin ZY, Liu YW, Liu LY, Zeng EY. Glioma is associated with exposure to legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129819. [PMID: 36084455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Data on the occurrences of legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in glioma are scarce. It remains unclear if PFASs exposure is related to the prevalence of glioma. A total of 137 glioma and 40 non-glioma brain tissue samples from patients recruited from the Nanfang Hospital, South China were analyzed for 17 PFAS compounds. Perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate were frequently detected (> 60 %) in glioma. The total concentrations (range; median) of 17 PFASs in glioma (0.20-140; 3.1 ng g-1) were slightly higher than those in non-glioma (0.35-32; 2.2 ng g-1), but without statistical significance. The PFAS concentrations in males were statistically higher (p < 0.05) than those in females. Elevated glioma grades were associated with higher concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and FOSA. Positive correlations were observed between PFAS concentrations (especially for PFOA) and Ki-67 or P53 expression, pathological molecular markers of glioma. Our findings suggested that exposure to PFASs might increase the probability to develop glioma. This is the first case study demonstrating associations between PFASs exposure and brain cancer. More evidences and potential pathogenic mechanisms warranted further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yi Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Research Center of Low Carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chen-Chou Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Guang-Long Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Po Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ya-Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China; The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang-Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Research Center of Low Carbon Economy for Guangzhou Region, Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science in Guangdong Province of Community of Life for Man and Nature, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216402. [PMID: 36362630 PMCID: PMC9655480 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL−1. The method was linear in the range of 0.25−20.0 ng mL−1 with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL−1. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL−1, and 2.25 ng mL−1, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function.
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10
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Li Z, Lin Z, Ji S, Lai KP, Wan HT, Wong CKC, Li L. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid exposure altered hypothalamic metabolism and disturbed male fecundity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156881. [PMID: 35753445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have examined the effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on disruption of the blood-testis barrier and spermatogenesis. Sertoli and Leydig cells were perturbed, resulting in a decrease in testosterone levels and sperm counts. However, the effects of PFOS on male fecundity are not limited to the testes. In this study, we demonstrated that oral PFOS exposure (1 μg/g BW and 5 μg/g BW) decreased the function of the Luteinizing hormone (LH)/Luteinizing hormone receptor (LHr) and decreased epididymal sperm motility. Consistently, testicular transcriptome analysis revealed that PFOS altered the expression of a cluster of genes associated with sperm motility and steroidogenesis. In mice exposed to PFOS, c-Fos immunostaining showed activation of the lateral septal nucleus (LS), paraventricular thalamus (PVT), locus coeruleus (LC), which are known to be related to anxiety-like behaviors. Metabolomic analyses of the hypothalamus revealed that exposure to PFOS perturbed the translation of proteins, as well as the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Altogether, the activation of brain nuclei, shift of hypothalamic metabolome, and reduction of LH/LHr circuit resulted from PFOS exposure suggested the toxicant's systematic effects on male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ziyi Lin
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Shuqin Ji
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Keng-Po Lai
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 530022, China
| | - Hin-Ting Wan
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.
| | - Lei Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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11
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Kou J, Li X, Zhang M, Wang L, Hu L, Liu X, Mei S, Xu G. Accumulative levels, temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants in the blood of Chinese adults. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 311:119980. [PMID: 35985432 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China has been in a rapid development period in recent decades, the mass production and use of chemical industrial products and pesticides have resulted in a large amount of pollutants in the environment. These pollutants enter the human body through environmental exposure and dietary intake, causing adverse health effects. Although many of them have been banned and restricted in the production and use in China, these pollutants still remain in the human body due to their high persistence and strong bioaccumulation. In this review, we aim to reveal the accumulation levels and profiles, as well as the temporal and spatial distribution of common chemical pollutants including chlorinated paraffins (CPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), new halogenated flame retardants (NHFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalic acid esters, perfluorinated compounds, bisphenols, organophosphorus pesticides and pyrethroid insecticides in the blood (including whole blood, serum and plasma) of Chinese adults by extracting 93 related studies published from 1990 to 2021. Results have shown that CPs, OCPs and PAHs were the main pollutants in China, the levels of short-chain chlorinated paraffin, p,p'-DDE and phenanthrene in blood even reached 11,060.58, 740.41 and 498.28 ng/g lipid respectively. Under the strict control of pollutants in China, the levels of most pollutants have been on a downward trend except for perfluoro octanoate and perfluoro nonanoate. Besides, OPFRs, NHFRs and PAHs may have a potential upward trend, requiring further research and observation. As for spatial distribution, East China (Bohai Bay and Yangtze River Delta) and South China (Pearl River Delta) were the major polluted regions due to their fast development of industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Mingye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Limei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Liqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
| | - Surong Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, China
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12
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The selected epigenetic effects of phthalates: DBP, BBP and their metabolites: MBP, MBzP on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (In Vitro). Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105369. [PMID: 35487445 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are classified as non-genotoxic carcinogens. These compounds do not cause direct DNA damage but may induce indirect DNA lesions leading to cancer development. In the presented paper we have studied the effect of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and their metabolites, such as mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) on selected epigenetic parameters in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells were incubated with tested phthalates at 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 μg/mL for 24 h. Next, global DNA methylation, methylation in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes (P16, TP53) and proto-oncogenes (BCL2, CCND1) were assessed as well as the expression profile of the indicated genes was analysed. The obtained results have revealed significant reduction of global DNA methylation level in PBMCs exposed to BBP, MBP and MBzP. Phthalates changed methylation pattern of the tested genes, decreased expression of P16 and TP53 genes and increased the expression of BCL2 and CCND1. In conclusion, our results have shown that the examined phthalates disturbed the processes of methylation and expression of tumor suppressor genes (P16, TP53) and protooncogenes (BCL2, CCND1) in human PBMCs.
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13
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Li Z, Mao W, Yao L, Zhao N, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Jin H. First report on occurrence of bisphenol A isomers in human serum and whole blood. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127549. [PMID: 34736192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the worldwide presence of bisphenol A (BPA) and its toxic effects on human health. BPA may exist as several structural isomers, which are byproducts in industrial BPA production. However, nearly nothing is known about the occurrence of BPA isomers in human blood and the partitioning of BPA metabolites between human serum and whole blood. In this study, BPA, BPA-sulfate (BPA-S), and BPA-glucuronide (BPA-G) were quantified in 144 pairs of serum and whole blood samples from Chinese participants. BPA was detected in 115 serum and 121 whole blood samples, with mean concentrations of 0.53 and 0.88 ng/mL, respectively. A structural isomer of BPA, tentatively termed B1-BPA, was identified for the first time, and measurable in 53% and 57% of serum (<LOD-1.9 ng/mL) and whole blood (<LOD-1.4 ng/mL) samples, respectively. BPA-S was the predominant BPA metabolite (mean 2.3 and 1.4 ng/mL, respectively), significantly higher (p < 0.01) than BPA-G (1.3 and 0.64 ng/mL) in both serum and whole blood. The calculated partitioning coefficients between serum and whole blood were the highest for B1-BPA (mean ± SD, 1.8 ± 0.25), followed by BPA-S (1.6 ± 0.36), BPA-G (1.4 ± 0.37), and BPA (1.3 ± 0.39), indicating their preferential enrichment in the serum fraction. Overall, this study first identifies a BPA isomer, which has not been previously reported in any environmental or human samples. Measuring BPA isomers in human serum and whole blood is critical for accurate human BPA exposure risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenming Li
- College of Chemical and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Weili Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, PR China
| | - Lei Yao
- CAS Testing Technical Services Jiaxing Co., Jiaxing 314000, PR China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
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14
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Raja GL, Subhashree KD, Kantayya KE. In utero exposure to endocrine disruptors and developmental neurotoxicity: Implications for behavioural and neurological disorders in adult life. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111829. [PMID: 34358505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a class of environmental toxicants that interfere with the endocrine system, resulting in developmental malformations, reproductive disorders, and alterations to immune and nervous system function. The emergence of screening studies identifying these chemicals in fetal developmental matrices such as maternal blood, placenta and amniotic fluid has steered research focus towards elucidation of in utero effects of exposure to these chemicals, as their capacity to cross the placenta and reach the fetus was established. The presence of EDCs, a majority of which are estrogen mimics, in the fetal environment during early development could potentially affect neurodevelopment, with implications for behavioural and neurological disorders in adult life. This review summarizes studies in animal models and human cohorts that aim to elucidate mechanisms of action of EDCs in the context of neurodevelopment and disease risk in adult life. This is a significant area of study as early brain development is heavily mediated by estrogen and could be particularly sensitive to EDC exposure. A network analysis presented using genes summarized in this review, further show a significant association with disorders such as major depressive disorder, alcoholic disorder, psychotic disorders and autism spectrum disorder. Functional outcomes such as alterations in memory, behaviour, cognition, learning memory, feeding behaviour and regulation of ion transport are also highlighted. Interactions between genes, receptors and signaling pathways like NMDA glutamate receptor activity, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor activity, Ras-activated Ca2+ influx and Grin2A interactions, provide further potential mechanisms of action of EDCs in mediating brain function. Taken together with the growing pool of human and animal studies, this review summarizes current status of EDC neurotoxicity research, limitations and future directions of study for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glancis Luzeena Raja
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA.
| | - K Divya Subhashree
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 603203, India
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15
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Su H, Yuan P, Lei H, Zhang L, Deng D, Zhang L, Chen X. Long-term chronic exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate induces obesity via disruption of host lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132414. [PMID: 34600010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous epidemiological findings have shown that di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), one of industrial plasticizers with endocrine-disrupting properties, positively contributes to high incidence of obesity. However, potential pathogenesis of dietary DEHP exposure-induced obesity remains largely unknown. METHODS Chronic DEHP exposure at different doses (0.05 and 5 mg/kg body weight) to mice had been continuously lasted for 14 weeks through the diet. A combination of targeted quantitative metabolomics (LC/GC-MS) with global 1H NMR-based metabolic profiling to explore the effects of dietary DEHP exposure with different doses on host lipid metabolism of mice. Metagenomics (16S rRNA gene sequencing) was also employed to examine the alterations of gut microbiota composition in the cecal contents of mice after dietary DEHP exposure. RESULTS Dietary exposure to DEHP at both doses induced weight gain and hepatic lipogenesis of mice by promoting the uptake of fatty acids and disrupting phospholipids and choline metabolism. Dietary DEHP exposure altered the gut microbiota community with disruption of intestinal morphology and reduction of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio in the cecal contents of mice. Furthermore, DEHP exposure activated gut microbiota fermentation process producing excess short chain fatty acids of mice. CONCLUSION These findings provide systematic evidence that long-term chronic DEHP exposure induces obesity through disruption of host lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice, which not only confirm the epidemiological results, but also expand our understanding of metabolic diseases caused by environmental pollutants exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henghai Su
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Peihong Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Dazhi Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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16
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Wan HT, Cheung LY, Chan TF, Li M, Lai KP, Wong CKC. Characterization of PFOS toxicity on in-vivo and ex-vivo mouse pancreatic islets. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117857. [PMID: 34330010 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considerable human data have shown that the exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) correlates to the risk of metabolic diseases, however the underlying effects are not clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impacts of PFOS treatment, using in-vivo, ex-vivo and in-vitro approaches, on pancreatic β-cell functions. Mice were oral-gavage with 1 and 5 μg PFOS/g body weight/day for 21 days. The animals showed a significant increase in liver triglycerides, accompanied by a reduction of triglycerides in blood sera and glycogen in livers and muscles. Histological examination of pancreases showed no noticeable changes in the size and number of islets from the control and treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry showed a reduction of staining intensities of insulin and the transcriptional factors (Pdx-1, islet-1) in islets of pancreatic sections from PFOS-treated groups, but no changes in the intensity of Glut2 and glucagon were noted. Transcriptomic study of isolated pancreatic islets treated ex vivo with 1 μM and 10 μM PFOS for 24 h, underlined perturbations of the insulin signaling pathways. Western blot analysis of ex-vivo PFOS-treated islets revealed a significant reduction in the expression levels of the insulin receptor, the IGF1 receptor-β, Pdk1-Akt-mTOR pathways, and Pdx-1. Using the mouse β-cells (Min-6) treated with 1 μM and 10 μM PFOS for 24 h, Western blot analysis consistently showed the PFOS-treatment inhibited Akt-pathway and reduced cellular insulin contents. Moreover, functional studies revealed the inhibitory effects of PFOS on glucose-stimulated insulin-secretion (GSIS) and the rate of ATP production. Our data support the perturbing effects of PFOS on animal metabolism and demonstrate the underlying molecular targets to impair β-cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Ting Wan
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lok Yi Cheung
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ting Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Marco Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hong Kong Bioinformatics Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
| | - Chris Kong Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Liu Y, Lin N, Dai C, Xu J, Zhang Y, Xu M, Wang F, Li Y, Chen D. Occurrence and distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human livers with liver cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 202:111775. [PMID: 34333008 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are anthropogenic compounds that are widely accumulated in human tissues, and the liver is considered a primary target organ for PFASs exposure. The occurrence and distribution of 21 PFASs in liver tissues with tumors (n = 55) and without tumors (n = 55) are investigated in this study. Eleven perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and five perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) were detected at high frequencies (45.5%-100 %), while the detection frequencies of five perfluoroalkyl phosphate (PFPAs) were relatively lower (≤29.1 %). PFSAs and PFCAs accounted for up to 82.5%-92.7 % of the total PFASs. Although it was not found to be statistically significant, the concentrations of the total PFASs were slightly higher in the tumor liver samples (mean 64.3, range 5.70-303 ng/g) than those in the non-tumor liver samples (mean 62.7, range 4.08-240 ng/g).The perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), and perfluorobutanesulphonate (PFBS) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the tumor and non-tumor liver samples, and the different distribution levels of these three PFASs may have been a consequence of oxidative stress. The total concentrations of PFASs in the three age groups were in the decreasing order of middle-aged people (45-60) > old people (>60) > young people (<45). The PFASs in females were generally lower than in males, which may have been related to women's special excretion methods (such as childbirth and breastfeeding). The results should be valuable for further mechanistic studies regarding the toxic effects of PFASs in human livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Cao Dai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jianliang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingxing Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Da Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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18
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Wang D, Zhao H, Fei X, Synder SA, Fang M, Liu M. A comprehensive review on the analytical method, occurrence, transformation and toxicity of a reactive pollutant: BADGE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106701. [PMID: 34146765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)-based epoxy resin is one of the most widely used epoxy resins with an annual production amount of several million tons. Compared with all other legacy or emerging organic compounds, BADGE is special due to its toxicity and high reactivity in the environment. More and more studies are available on its analytical methods, occurrence, transformation and toxicity. Here, we provided a comprehensive review of the current BADGE-related studies, with focus on its production, application, available analytical methods, occurrences in the environment and human specimen, abiotic and biotic transformation, as well as the in vitro and in vivo toxicities. The available data show that BADGE and its derivatives are ubiquitous environmental chemicals and often well detected in human specimens. For their analysis, a water-free sample pretreatment should be considered to avoid hydrolysis. Additionally, their complex reactions with endogenous metabolites are areas of great interest. To date, the monitoring and further understanding of their transport and fate in the environment are still quite lacking, comparing with its analogues bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). In terms of toxicity, the summary of its current studies and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast toxicity database suggests BADGE might be an endocrine disruptor, though more detailed evidence is still needed to confirm this hypothesis in in vivo animal models. Future study of BADGE should focus on its metabolic transformation, reaction with protein and validation of its role as an endocrine disruptor. We believe that the elucidation of BADGEs can greatly enhance our understandings of those reactive compounds in the environment and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Haoduo Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Xunchang Fei
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Shane Allen Synder
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Mingliang Fang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Min Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
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19
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Chen Z, Xie J, Li Q, Hu K, Yang Z, Yu H, Liu Y. Human CYP enzyme-activated clastogenicity of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (a flame retardant) in mammalian cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117527. [PMID: 34380225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) is a common flame retardant and environmental pollutant, exposing humans with endocrinal disrupting potentials. Its mutagenicity, especially following metabolism, remains unclear. In this study, molecular docking analysis indicated that EHDPP was a potential substrate for several human CYP enzymes except for CYP1A1. Among V79-derived cell lines genetically engineered for the expression of each CYP, EHDPP (6 h exposure/18 h recovery) did not induce micronuclei in the V79 or V79-derived cells expressing human CYP1A1, however, it was positive in V79-derived cell lines expressing human CYP2E1, 3A4, and 2B6. In a human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line, EHDPP (48 h exposure) moderately induced micronuclei, which was blocked by 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT, 60 μM, inhibitor of CYPs); pretreating HepG2 cells with bisphenol AF, another organic pollutant as inducer of CYPs (0.1 μM for 16 h), significantly potentiated micronuclei formation by EHDPP, threshold being decreased from 10 to 1.25 μM. This effect was blocked by ABT, drastically reduced by ketoconazole (inhibiting CYP3A expression/activity), and moderately inhibited by trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (selective CYP2E1 inhibitor). Immunofluorescent centromere protein B staining indicated that EHDPP-induced micronuclei in V79-derived cell lines expressing human CYP2E1 and 3A4 were predominantly centromere-negative, and that in HepG2 cells pretreated with bisphenol AF (for inducing multiple CYPs) were purely centromere-negative. In bisphenol AF-pretreated HepG2 cells EHDPP potently induced DNA breaks, as indicated by the comet assay and Western blot analysis of γ-H2AX. In conclusion, our study suggests that EHDPP is potently clastogenic, following activation by several human CYP enzymes, CYP3A4 being a major one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiayi Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Dietetics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 N. Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zongying Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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20
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Yu H, Song M, Hu K, Wang Y, Fan R, Yang Z, Glatt H, Braeuning A, Liu Y. Influence of Bisphenol Compounds at Nanomolar Concentrations on Chromosome Damage Induced by Metabolically Activated Carcinogens in HepG2 Cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10001-10011. [PMID: 34241998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol (BP) compounds are endocrine-disrupting organic pollutants. BPs may increase the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts of nuclear receptors (NRs) regulating the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Their impact on the genotoxicity of metabolically activated carcinogens, however, remains unknown. In this study, effects of the bisphenols A, F, S, and AF on the expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the pregnane X receptor (PXR), the constitutive androstane receptor, and individual xenobiotic-metabolizing CYP enzymes in a human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line were investigated, along with in silico binding studies of BPs to each receptor. The results indicated that each BP at 1 to 100 nM concentrations increased the mRNA transcripts and protein levels of AhR, PXR, CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2E1, and 3A4. The predicted affinities of the BPs for binding AhR were comparable to those of potent agonists. Pretreatment of HepG2 cells with each BP potentiated the induction of micronuclei by benzo[a]pyrene, aflatoxin B1, benzene, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; this effect was abolished/reduced by inhibitors of NRs and/or CYPs. Our study suggests that BPs at human exposure levels may aggravate chromosome damage by several impactful carcinogens in human cells by inducing relevant CYP enzymes, mostly via NR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meiqi Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yujian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruifang Fan
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zongying Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal D-14558, Germany
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin D-10589, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin D-10589, Germany
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China
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21
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Omoike OE, Pack RP, Mamudu HM, Liu Y, Wang L. A cross-sectional study of the association between perfluorinated chemical exposure and cancers related to deregulation of estrogen receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110329. [PMID: 33068574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental exposures acting through different mechanisms have been linked with a number of cancers. Perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFCs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals affecting estrogen homeostasis. OBJECTIVES We examined the association between PFCs and a group of estrogen related cancers and explored if increased non-occupational exposure was associated with increased odds of developing these cancers. We also explored which of these chemical exposures was more correlated with each cancer. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we selected participants ≥ 20 years of age. Our outcome variable was presence or absence of breast, prostate, ovarian and uterine cancer (yes/no); our exposure variables were serum PFCs. Logistic regression models were used in investigating the association between PFCs and cancer types and between quartiles of PFCs exposure concentrations and presence or absence of cancer while adjusting for covariates. Discriminant analysis was used to assess the correlation between individual PFCs compounds and individual cancer types. RESULTS PFCs were associated with increased odds of ovarian cancer; PFOA: 1.02(1.01, 1.02), PFOS: 1.01 (1.012, 1.013), PFHS 1.031 (1.030, 1.033), PFDE: 1.29(1.27, 1.30) and increased odds of breast cancer; PFOA: 1.089(1.089, 1.09), PFOS: 1.011(1.011, 1.011), PFNA: 1.031(1.030, 1.033), PFHS: 1.02 (1.02, 1.02), PFDE: 1.19(1.18, 1.19). PFCs were not associated with increased odds of prostate or uterine cancers. Comparing the odds in quartile 4 to quartile 1 for ovarian cancer, PFOA: 1.77(1.75,1.79), PFOS: 2.25(2.22, 2.28), PFHS: 1.86(1.84, 1.88), PFDE: 2.11(2.09, 2.14). For breast cancer, PFOA: 2.30(2.28, 2.31), PFOS: 1.47(1.46, 1.48), PFNA: 1.04(1.03, 1.05), PFHS:7.07(6.97,7.17), PFDE: 1.38(1.37, 1.39). PFOA was more correlated with breast cancer (0.7) and PFHS was more correlated with ovarian cancer (0.9). DISCUSSION PFCs were associated with increased odds of ovarian and breast cancers with a positive dose-response relationship. PFOA was more correlated with breast cancer and PFHS more with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogbebor Enaholo Omoike
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Robert P Pack
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Hadii M Mamudu
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Baylor University, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, USA
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22
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Deng P, Tan M, Zhou W, Chen C, Xi Y, Gao P, Ma Q, Liang Y, Chen M, Tian L, Xie J, Liu M, Luo Y, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang L, Zeng Y, Pi H, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Bisphenol A promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by driving miR-381-3p-PTTG1-dependent cell cycle progression. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129221. [PMID: 33352510 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume industrial chemical that facilitates the development of breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanism associated with BPA-induced breast cancer cell proliferation and migration remains elusive. In our study, we exposed MCF-7 cells to different concentrations of BPA (0.1, 1 and 10 μM) for 24, 48, or 72 h. We found that BPA exposure significantly promoted MCF-7 cell proliferation and migration but not invasion. To elucidate the mechanisms, the differentially expressed genes between the BPA and control groups were investigated with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database through GEO2R. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and pathway action network analyses demonstrated the important role of the cell cycle pathway in the effects of BPA exposure on MCF-7 cells. Importantly, analysis with the cytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape software coupled with analysis of enriched genes in the cell cycle pathway identified PTTG1 and CDC20 (two hub genes) as key targets associated with BPA-induced MCF-7 cell proliferation and migration. Interestingly, BPA significantly increased the protein expression levels of PTTG1 but not CDC20. Knockdown of PTTG1 inhibited the BPA-induced increase in proliferation and maintained cell cycle progression. In addition, we confirmed that the increased expression of PTTG1 upon BPA exposure was caused by miR-381-3p inhibition. Moreover, we verified that miR-381-3p expression was low and inversely correlated with PTTG1 expression in breast cancer tissues. Together, these findings demonstrate that BPA promotes high PTTG1 expression and alters the cell cycle to enhance MCF-7 cell proliferation by inhibiting miR-381-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miduo Tan
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU (Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City), Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Surgery Department of Galactophore, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College CSU (Central Hospital of Zhuzhou City), Zhuzhou, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, and Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinlong Ma
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yidan Liang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youlong Zeng
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health (Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation Protection, Ministry of Education), Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, and Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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23
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Tsen CM, Liu JH, Yang DP, Chao HR, Chen JL, Chou WC, Ho YC, Chuang CY. Study on the correlation of bisphenol A exposure, pro-inflammatory gene expression, and C-reactive protein with potential cardiovascular disease symptoms in young adults. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-12805-0. [PMID: 33625709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer used in the manufacture of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. It was found that higher urinary BPA levels are more likely to be associated with coronary artery disease (CVD). In recent years, the increasing incidence of CVD among young people is observed, which may be related with inflammation rather than the traditional triple-H risk factors. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, and can induce oxidative stress and chronic inflammation since its estrogenic effect. Inflammatory responses could come from the stimulation of IκB kinases (IKKs) by estrogen receptors (ERs). Therefore, this study investigated the association of BPA exposure with the gene expression of pro-inflammatory response (ERs and IKKs), an inflammation biomarker of CVD (C-reactive protein, CRP), and physiologic index potency of CVD development symptoms in young adults. This study divided BPA exposure levels into high and low groups based on the median plasma BPA level (4.34 ng/mL), and found that the high BPA group obviously had higher BMI, blood pressure, plasma CRP levels, and gene expression of ERβ and IKKβ. BMI and gene expression of IKKβ were also positively correlated with plasma CRP secretion. Furthermore, the study subjects with potential CVD development symptoms had the increased levels of BPA (OR 2.10, 95% CI 0.83-5.39), CRP (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.03-10.6) and IKKβ (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.51-15.6). These results indicated that exposure to BPA is potentially associated with expression of pro-inflammatory genes related to CRP secretion, which may promote the risk of CVD development symptoms in young adults. This study highlighted the possible connection between BPA exposure and CVD development but the mechanism between them needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ming Tsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Residue Control Division, Agricultural Chemicals and Toxic Substances Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Larng Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, College of Health Science, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Yi-Chen Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
- Service System Technology Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2 Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
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24
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Gao C, He H, Qiu W, Zheng Y, Chen Y, Hu S, Zhao X. Oxidative Stress, Endocrine Disturbance, and Immune Interference in Humans Showed Relationships to Serum Bisphenol Concentrations in a Dense Industrial Area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1953-1963. [PMID: 33496180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) analogues, used in a range of products due to health concerns regarding BPA, have emerged as ubiquitous environmental contaminants worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the levels of nine bisphenols (BPs) and eight biomarkers (malondialdehyde, MDA; 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG; estradiol, E2; follicle-stimulating hormone, FSH; luteinizing hormone, LH; complement compound 3, C3; immunoglobulin M, IgM and c-reaction protein, CRP) in human serum (n = 353) to explore their potential relationships. The detection rates (DRs) of eight BPs in serum samples taken from people working in a dense industrial area of Shenzhen (Guangdong Province, China) were over 72% except for bisphenol B (BPB) (DR = 27.5%). The mean concentrations of BPA, bisphenol P (BPP), BPB, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol FL (BPFL), 4,4'-dihydroxy-benzophenone (DHBP), bisphenol AF (BPAF), 4,4'-thiodiphenol (TDP) and bisphenol S (BPS) were 42.062, 2.083, 0.765, 0.578, 0.423, 0.402, 0.191, 0.120, and 0.071 ng/mL, respectively. BPA and BPFL were significantly correlated with the level of oxidative stress indices MDA and 8-OHdG; BPAF, BPB, and DHBP were strongly correlated with the level of endocrine disturbance indices E2, FSH, and LH; and BPF, DHBP, and BPAF were apparently related to the level of immune interference indices C3 and IgM. This study also suggests multiple impacts (oxidative stress, endocrine disturbance, and immune interference) mediated by BPs contaminants in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the correlations among these nine serum BPs and oxidative stress and endocrine and immune system indices in human serum samples collected from dense industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzi Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Haihong He
- Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Shenzhen Municipal Engineering Lab of Environmental IoT Technologies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shiyao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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25
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Sicińska P, Mokra K, Wozniak K, Michałowicz J, Bukowska B. Genotoxic risk assessment and mechanism of DNA damage induced by phthalates and their metabolites in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1658. [PMID: 33462290 PMCID: PMC7814068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human genome is persistently exposed to damage caused by xenobiotics, therefore the assessment of genotoxicity of substances having a direct contact with humans is of importance. Phthalates are commonly used in industrial applications. Widespread exposure to phthalates has been evidenced by their presence in human body fluids. We have assessed the genotoxic potential of selected phthalates and mechanism of their action in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Studied cells were incubated with di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and their metabolites: mono-n-butylphthalate (MBP), mono-benzylphthalate (MBzP) in the concentrations range of 0.1-10 µg/mL for 24 h. Analyzed compounds induced DNA single and double strand-breaks (DBP and BBP ≥ 0.5 µg/mL, MBP and MBzP ≥ 1 µg/mL) and more strongly oxidized purines than pyrimidines. None of the compounds examined was capable of creating adducts with DNA. All studied phthalates caused an increase of total ROS level, while hydroxyl radical was generated mostly by DBP and BBP. PBMCs exposed to DBP and BBP could not completely repair DNA strand-breaks during 120 min of postincubation, in opposite to damage caused by their metabolites, MBP and MBzP. We have concluded that parent phthalates: DBP and BBP caused more pronounced DNA damage compared to their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sicińska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Mokra
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wozniak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaromir Michałowicz
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska Str. 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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26
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Zhu X, Hu M, Ji H, Huang T, Ge RS, Wang Y. Exposure to di-n-octyl phthalate during puberty induces hypergonadotropic hypogonadism caused by Leydig cell hyperplasia but reduced steroidogenic function in male rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111432. [PMID: 33075588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to phthalates ubiquitously, which may threaten health. However, whether di-n-octyl phthalate can prevent pubertal sexual maturity is still elusive. In this study, male Sprague Dawley rats (age 35 days) were treated daily by gavage with 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg/kg body weight of di-n-octyl phthalate from day 35 to day 49 after birth. Di-n-octyl phthalate significantly reduced serum testosterone levels at doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg, but increased serum luteinizing hormone levels of 1000 mg/kg and decreased testosterone/luteinizing hormone ratio at ≥10 mg/kg, without affecting serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Di-n-octyl phthalate significantly induced Leydig cell hyperplasia (increased number of CYP11A1-positive Leydig cells) at 100 and 1000 mg/kg. Di-n-octyl phthalate down-regulates the gene expression of Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1 and Insl3 in individual Leydig cells. Di-n-octyl phthalate can also reduce the number of sperm in the epididymis. Di-n-octyl phthalate increased phosphorylated AKT1/AKT2 without affecting their total proteins, but increased the total protein and phosphorylated protein of ERK1/2 and GSK-3β. Primary immature Leydig cells isolated from 35-day-old rats were treated with 0-50 μM di-n-octyl phthalate for 3 h. This phthalate inhibited androgen production under basal, LH-stimulated, and cAMP-stimulated conditions by 5 and 50 μM in vitro via down-regulating Cyp11a1 expression but up-regulating Srd5a1 expression in vitro. In conclusion, di-n-octyl phthalate induces hypergonadotropic hypogonadism caused by Leydig cell hyperplasia but reduced steroidogenic function and prevents sperm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Miner Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Haosen Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Tongliang Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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Wan HT, Wong AYM, Feng S, Wong CKC. Effects of In Utero Exposure to Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Placental Functions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:16050-16061. [PMID: 33258594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a metabolic-disrupting chemical. There is a strong association between maternal and cord blood PFOS concentrations, affecting metabolism in early life. However, the underlying effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, using the maternal-fetal model, we investigated the impact of gestational PFOS exposure on the placental structure and nutrient transport. Pregnant mice were oral gavaged with PFOS (1 or 3 μg PFOS/g body weight) from gestational day (GD) 4.5 until GD 17.5. Our data showed a significant reduction in fetal body weight at high dose exposure. There were no noticeable changes in placental weights and the relative areas of junctional and labyrinth zones among the control and exposed groups. However, a placental nutrient transport assay showed a significant reduction in maternal-fetal transport of the glucose and amino acid analogues. Western blot analysis showed a significant decrease in the expression levels of placental SNAT4 upon PFOS exposure. Moreover, in the high-dose exposed group, placenta and fetal livers were found to have significantly higher corticosterone levels, a negative regulator of fetal growth. The perturbation in the placental transport function and corticosterone levels accounted for the PFOS-induced reduction of fetal body weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin Ting Wan
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aman Yi-Man Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shi Feng
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chris Kong-Chu Wong
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chen H, Chen K, Qiu X, Xu H, Mao G, Zhao T, Feng W, Okeke ES, Wu X, Yang L. The reproductive toxicity and potential mechanisms of combined exposure to dibutyl phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate in male zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127238. [PMID: 32563064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) are phthalate compounds frequently detected in the environment. Despite increasing awareness of their toxicity in human and animals, the male reproductive toxicity of their combined exposure remains elusive. The purposes of this study were to investigate whether combined exposure to DBP and DiBP could induce male reproductive toxicity, and to explore the potential toxicological mechanisms. Adult male zebrafish were exposed to DBP (11, 113 and 1133 μg L-1), DiBP (10, 103 and 1038 μg L-1) and their mixtures (Mix) (11 + 10, 113 + 103, 1133 + 1038 μg L-1) for 30 days, and their effects on plasma hormone secretion, testis histology and transcriptomics were examined. Highest concentrations of Mix exposure caused greater imbalance ratio of T/E2 and more severe structural damage to testis than single exposure. These effects were consistent with the testis transcriptome analysis for which 4570 genes were differentially expressed in Mix exposure, while 2795 and 1613 genes were differentially expressed in DBP and DiBP, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that both single and combined exposure of DBP and DiBP could affect cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The difference was that combined exposure could also affect steroid hormone synthesis, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, retinol metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathways. These results demonstrated that combined exposure to DBP and DiBP could disrupt spermatogenesis and elicit male reproductive toxicity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of the Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Ceccatelli S, Cravedi J, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, Knutsen HK, Rose M, Roudot A, Van Loveren H, Vollmer G, Mackay K, Riolo F, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06223. [PMID: 32994824 PMCID: PMC7507523 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and 'other children' showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. 'Fish meat', 'Fruit and fruit products' and 'Eggs and egg products' contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to long-term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI, which is of concern.
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Structure-Dependent Effects of Phthalates on Intercellular and Intracellular Communication in Liver Oval Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176069. [PMID: 32842520 PMCID: PMC7504421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to phthalates released from plastics, cosmetics, or food on a daily basis. Phthalates have low acute liver toxicity, but their chronic exposures could induce molecular and cellular effects linked to adverse health outcomes, such as liver tumor promotion or chronic liver diseases. The alternation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and MAPK-Erk1/2 pathways in liver progenitor or oval cells can disrupt liver tissue homeostatic mechanisms and affect the development and severity of these adverse outcomes. Our study with 20 different phthalates revealed their structurally dependent effects on liver GJIC and MAPK-Erk1/2 signaling in rat liver WB-F344 cell line with characteristics of liver oval cells. The phthalates with a medium-length side chain (3–6 C) were the most potent dysregulators of GJIC and activators of MAPK-Erk1/2. The effects occurred rapidly, suggesting the activation of non-genomic (non-transcriptional) mechanisms directly by the parental compounds. Short-chain phthalates (1–2 C) did not dysregulate GJIC even after longer exposures and did not activate MAPK-Erk1/2. Longer chain (≥7 C) phthalates, such as DEHP or DINP, moderately activated MAPK-Erk1/2, but inhibited GJIC only after prolonged exposures (>12 h), suggesting that GJIC dysregulation occurs via genomic mechanisms, or (bio)transformation. Overall, medium-chain phthalates rapidly affected the key tissue homeostatic mechanisms in the liver oval cell population via non-genomic pathways, which might contribute to the development of chronic liver toxicity and diseases.
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Chen Q, Zhou C, Shi W, Wang X, Xia P, Song M, Liu J, Zhu H, Zhang X, Wei S, Yu H. Mechanistic in silico modeling of bisphenols to predict estrogen and glucocorticoid disrupting potentials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138854. [PMID: 32570315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can act as agonists, antagonists or mixed agonists/antagonists toward estrogen receptor α (ERα) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in a tissue- and cell-specific manner. However, the activation/inhibition mechanism by which structurally different chemicals induce various types of disruption remain ambiguous. This unrevealed theory limited the in silico modeling of EDCs and the prioritization of potential EDCs for experimental testing. As a kind of chemical widely used in manufacture, bisphenols (BPs) have attracted great attentions on their potential endocrine disrupting effects. BPs used in this study exhibited pure agonistic, pure antagonistic or mixed agonistic/antagonistic activities toward ERα and/or GR. According to the mechanistic modeling, the pure agonistic and pure antagonistic activities were attributed to a single type of protein conformation induced by BPs-ERα and/or BPs-GR interactions, whereas the mixed agonistic/antagonistic activities were attributed to multiple conformations that concomitantly exist. After interacting with BPs, the active conformation recruits coactivator to induce agonistic activity and the blocked conformation inhibits coactivator to induce antagonistic activity, whereas the concomitantly-existing multiple conformations (active, blocked and competing conformations) recruit coactivator, recruit corepressor and/or inhibit coactivator to dually induce the agonistic and antagonistic activities. Therefore, the in silico modeling in this study can not only predict ERα and GR disrupting activities but also, especially, identify the potential mechanisms. This mechanistic study breaks the current bottleneck of computational toxicology and can be widely used to prioritize potential estrogen/glucocorticoid disruptor for experimental testing in both pre-clinic and clinic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyong Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
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Liu B, Zhang R, Zhang H, Yu Y, Yao D, Yin S. Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Acids (PFAAs) in Human Serum, Hair and Nails in Guangdong Province, China: Implications for Exploring the Ideal Bio-Indicator. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:184-194. [PMID: 32494886 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) has led to increasing public concern. In this study, we present a comprehensive measurement of total fluorine (TF), extractable organic fluorine (EOF), identified organic fluorine (IOF, total concentration of identified PFAAs quantified as fluorine) and 11 target PFAAs in human serum (n = 60), hair (n = 49) and nails (n = 39) collected from non-occupation exposed volunteers in 10 cities of Guangdong Province, China. The results indicated that EOF was the major form of fluorine in serum, accounting for 70-80% of TF. The levels of IOF contributed less than 10% of EOF. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was found to be the dominant PFAA with mean concentration of 23 ng·mL-1 in serum, 35 ng·g-1 in hair and 33 ng·g-1 in nail, respectively. Short-chain PFAAs (C ≤ 10) were the predominant PFAAs in three matrices. Levels of PFOS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) and perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) in males are significantly higher than those in females (p < 0.01). Significant positive correlations were observed between nail and serum for PFOS (p < 0.01), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (p < 0.05) and PFHxS (p < 0.01), suggesting that human nails, a noninvasive sample, are a promising bio-indicator for PFAA risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Liu
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | | | - Hong Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Dan Yao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shaoqiang Yin
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Human Erythrocytes Exposed to Phthalates and Their Metabolites Alter Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Hemoglobin Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124480. [PMID: 32599721 PMCID: PMC7350025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates used as plasticizers have become a part of human life because of their important role in various industries. Human exposure to these compounds is unavoidable, and therefore their mechanisms of toxicity should be investigated. Due to their structure and function, human erythrocytes are increasingly used as a cell model for testing the in vitro toxicity of various xenobiotics. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to assess the effect of selected phthalates on methemoglobin (metHb), reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydroxyl radical levels, as well as the activity of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), in human erythrocytes. Erythrocytes were incubated with di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and their metabolites, i.e., mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 100 µg/mL for 6 or 24 h. This study shows that the analyzed phthalates disturbed the redox balance in human erythrocytes. DBP and BBP, at much lower concentrations than their metabolites, caused a statistically significant increase of metHb and ROS, including hydroxyl radical levels, and changed the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The studied phthalates disturbed the redox balance in human erythrocytes, which may contribute to the accelerated removal of these cells from the circulation.
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Batista-Silva H, Dambrós BF, Rodrigues K, Cesconetto PA, Zamoner A, Sousa de Moura KR, Gomes Castro AJ, Van Der Kraak G, Mena Barreto Silva FR. Acute exposure to bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate disrupts calcium homeostasis, energy metabolism and induces oxidative stress in the testis of Danio rerio. Biochimie 2020; 175:23-33. [PMID: 32417457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (BEHP) negatively affects testicular functions in different animal species, disturbing reproductive physiology and male fertility. The present study investigated the in vitro acute effect of BEHP on the mechanism of action of ionic calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and energy metabolism. In addition, the effect of BEHP on oxidative stress was studied in vitro and in vivo in the testis of Danio rerio (D. rerio). Testes were treated in vitro for 30 min with 1 μM BEHP for 45Ca2+ influx measurements. Testes were also incubated with 1 μM BEHP for 1 h (in vitro) or 12 h (in vivo) for the measurements of lactate content, 14C-deoxy-d-glucose uptake, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity, total reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation. In addition, the effect of BEHP (1 μM) on GGT, glutamic oxaloacetic transferase (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transferase (GPT) activity in the liver was evaluated after in vivo treatment for 12 h. BEHP disturbs the Ca2+ balance in the testis when given acutely in vitro. BEHP stimulated Ca2+ influx occurs through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (L-VDCC), transitory receptor potential vaniloid (TRPV1) channels, reverse-mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) activation and inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). BEHP affected energy metabolism in the testis by decreasing the lactate content and LDH activity. In vitro and in vivo acute effects of BEHP promoted oxidative stress by increasing ROS production, lipid peroxidation and GGT activity in the testis. Additionally, BEHP caused liver damage by increasing GPT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemily Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Betina Fernanda Dambrós
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Keyla Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Acordi Cesconetto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ariane Zamoner
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Allisson Jhonatan Gomes Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glen Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fátima Regina Mena Barreto Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Dutta S, Haggerty DK, Rappolee DA, Ruden DM. Phthalate Exposure and Long-Term Epigenomic Consequences: A Review. Front Genet 2020; 11:405. [PMID: 32435260 PMCID: PMC7218126 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are esters of phthalic acid which are used in cosmetics and other daily personal care products. They are also used in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics to increase durability and plasticity. Phthalates are not present in plastics by covalent bonds and thus can easily leach into the environment and enter the human body by dermal absorption, ingestion, or inhalation. Several in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that phthalates can act as endocrine disruptors and cause moderate reproductive and developmental toxicities. Furthermore, phthalates can pass through the placental barrier and affect the developing fetus. Thus, phthalates have ubiquitous presence in food and environment with potential adverse health effects in humans. This review focusses on studies conducted in the field of toxicogenomics of phthalates and discusses possible transgenerational and multigenerational effects caused by phthalate exposure during any point of the life-cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Dutta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Diana K Haggerty
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Daniel A Rappolee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Reproductive Stress, Inc., Grosse Pointe Farms, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Pan Y, Deng M, Li J, Du B, Lan S, Liang X, Zeng L. Occurrence and Maternal Transfer of Multiple Bisphenols, Including an Emerging Derivative with Unexpectedly High Concentrations, in the Human Maternal-Fetal-Placental Unit. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3476-3486. [PMID: 32092248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a set of 15 bisphenols (BPs) and one emerging derivative (4-hydroxyphenyl 4-isoprooxyphenylsulfone, BPSIP) were analyzed in 60 pairs of maternal plasma, cord plasma, and placenta samples from pregnant women in South China. A total of 4 of the 15 target BPs, i.e., BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and bisphenol E (BPE), were frequently detected in the three human biological matrixes. The derivative BPSIP was identified in all maternal plasma samples at unexpectedly high levels, second only to BPA. The concentrations of bisphenols in maternal plasma were slightly higher than in cord plasma for BPA, BPS, and BPE but much higher for BPSIP and much lower for BPAF, indicating that the five frequently detected bisphenols have different placental transfer behaviors. The placental transfer efficiencies (PTEs) of BPA, BPS, and BPE were similar, which were significantly higher than the PTE of BPSIP. The PTE of BPAF was much higher than other BPs, indicating its strong maternal transfer and high fetal accumulation. The PTEs of bisphenols were structure-dependent, and passive diffusion was suggested as the potential mechanism of placental transfer. Significant concentration correlations of the five major bisphenols between maternal plasma and cord plasma were observed (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, significant associations of BPAF concentrations in maternal/cord plasma with some maternal characteristics and adverse birth outcomes were also identified (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Man Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Juan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Bibai Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Shenyu Lan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Xinxin Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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37
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Chen S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Hu Y, Gu C, Wen Y, Gu A, Zhang J, Wang Y. SREBP2-STARD4 is involved in synthesis of cholesteryl ester stimulated by mono-butyl phthalate in MLTC-1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:377-384. [PMID: 31705742 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sterol is synthesized from cholesterol which is from the hydrolysis of stored cholesteryl esters. The process of maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is regulated by SREBP2-STARD4. Lots of researches demonstrated that male steroidogenesis could be interfered by di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) or monobutyl phthalate (MBP). However, mechanisms of MBP exposure in this process have not been uncovered clearly. The objectiveof this study was to explore roles of SREBP2 and STARD4 in cholesteryl estersynthesis stimulated by MBP in mouse Leydig tumor cells (MLTC-1). MLTC-1 exposedto 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 M MBP showed that levels of cholestery ester were increased significantly at 10-7 M MBP. Besides, cholesteryl ester synthesis stimulated by MBP was down-regulate when STARD4 or SREBP2 were inhibited. Activity of SREBP2 binding to the promoter of STARD4 was increased after MBP exposure. This study suggests that MBP can increase cholesteryl ester synthesis through SREBP2-STARD4 signal pathway in MLTC-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenxi Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingshu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Safety Assessment and Research Center for Drug, Pesticide and Veterinary Drug of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Calafat AM, Kato K, Hubbard K, Jia T, Botelho JC, Wong LY. Legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the U.S. general population: Paired serum-urine data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:105048. [PMID: 31376596 PMCID: PMC7879379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Concerns are heightened from detecting environmentally persistent man-made per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water systems around the world. Many PFAS, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), remain in the human body for years. Since 1999-2000, assessment of exposure to PFOS, PFOA, and other select PFAS in the U.S. general population has relied on measuring PFAS serum concentrations in participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Manufacturers have replaced select chemistries ("legacy" PFAS) with PFAS with shorter biological half-lives (e.g., GenX, perfluorobutanoate [PFBA]) which may efficiently eliminate in urine. However, knowledge regarding exposure to these compounds is limited. We analyzed 2682 urine samples for 17 legacy and alternative PFAS in 2013-2014 NHANES participants ≥6 years of age. Concentrations of some of these PFAS, measured previously in paired serum samples from the same NHANES participants, suggested universal exposure to PFOS and PFOA, and infrequent or no exposure to two short-chain PFAS, perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluoroheptanoate. Yet, in urine, PFAS were seldom detected; the frequency of not having detectable concentrations of any of the 17 PFAS was 67.5%. Only two were detected in >1.5% of the population: PFBA (13.3%) and perfluorohexanoate (PFHxA, 22.6%); the 90th percentile urine concentrations were 0.1 μg/L (PFBA), and 0.3 μg/L (PFHxA). These results suggest that exposures to short-chain PFAS are infrequent or at levels below those that would result in detectable concentrations in urine. As such, these findings do not support biomonitoring of short-chain PFAS or fluorinated alternatives in the general population using urine, and highlight the importance of selecting the adequate biomonitoring matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Kayoko Kato
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kendra Hubbard
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tao Jia
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julianne Cook Botelho
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lee-Yang Wong
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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39
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Jergensen T, Cusmano D, Roy NM. Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) induces craniofacial defects during embryonic development in zebrafish. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:995-1002. [PMID: 31463621 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Di-butyl phthalate (DBP) is commonly added to make plastics softer and more pliable and is found in a variety of consumer and industrial products. Alarmingly high levels of DBP have been detected in water and sediment as DBP leaches from products. These levels are concerning and have led the Environmental Protection Agency to label DBP as a priority environmental pollutant and the European Commission to label DBP as a priority substance. Given the ubiquitous presence of DBP globally and continuous exposure to DBP, studies on the developmental toxicity of DBP are needed. The endocrine disrupting effects of DBP are well documented, but developmental toxicity of DBP during critical developmental time windows is understudied. Here, we investigate the developmental effects of DBP exposure during early development. We find defects in craniofacial development including a decrease in overall cranial size in DBP treated embryos, but the intraocular distance was increased compared to controls. Further investigation of jawbone development demonstrated loss of and disorganization of cartilage development. Defects in vascular innervation and neuronal patterning were also noted. Here we conclude that exposure to DBP during crucial time windows of embryonic development is toxic to craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Jergensen
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Danielle Cusmano
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Nicole M Roy
- Department of Biology, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Ave, Fairfield, CT, 06825, USA.
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40
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González N, Cunha SC, Monteiro C, Fernandes JO, Marquès M, Domingo JL, Nadal M. Quantification of eight bisphenol analogues in blood and urine samples of workers in a hazardous waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108576. [PMID: 31299620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins. In recent years, producers have started replacing BPA by other chemical analogues, such as bisphenol -S (BPS) and -F (BPF), all of them under the label "BPA-free". However, despite bisphenol (BP) analogues have a very similar structure, their endocrine-disrupting properties could differ from those of BPA. Unfortunately, information regarding human exposure to BP analogues is very limited, not only as single substances, but also as chemical mixtures. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of 8 BP analogues (A, S, F, B, AF, Z, E, and AP) in biological samples from a controlled cohort of workers in a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) located in Constantí (Catalonia, Spain). Firstly, a chemical method to analyze a mixture of those 8 analogues in total blood and urine was optimized, being samples quantified by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, a biomonitoring study was performed by collecting samples of total blood and urine of 29 people working in the HWI. Among the 8 BP analogues assessed, BPA presented the highest levels in both biological samples, with mean total (free + conjugated) BPA concentrations of 0.58 and 0.86 μg/L in blood and urine, respectively. Free vs. total BPA levels presented a mean percentage of 79% in blood and 19% in urine. Beyond BPA, traces of BPB were also found in a single sample of blood. Furthermore, none of the remaining BP analogues was detected in blood or urine. Despite BPA has been regulated, it is still very present in the environment, being human exposure to this chemical still an issue of concern for the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus González
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Monteiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Montse Marquès
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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41
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Zhou X, Wu H, Huang X, Hang F, Luo H. Development a simple and rapid HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS method for determination of short- and medium- chain chlorinated paraffins in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Di-n-butyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, and their metabolites exhibit different apoptotic potential in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110750. [PMID: 31390533 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are one of the main cell models used in studies concerning the exposure of humans (in vitro) to various chemical substances. Changes in PBMCs may reflect the general reaction of the organism regarding the effect of xenobiotics. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) and their metabolites: mono-n-butylphthalate (MBP), mono-benzylphthalate (MBzP) upon the induction of apoptosis in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. PBMCs were incubated with the studied compounds at concentrations from 1 to 100 μg/mL for 12 h and/or 24 h. In order to clarify the mechanism of phthalates-induced programmed cell death, the changes in the calcium ions (Ca2+) level, alterations in the transmembrane mitochondrial potential (ΔѰm) and caspase-8, -9, -3 activity as well as externalization of phosphatidylserine have been determined. An increased Ca2+ level and a reduction of the ΔѰm were observed in PBMCs incubated with all of the studied compounds, and particularly with DBP and BBP. Phthalates caused an increase of caspases activity. The most pronounced increase was observed for caspase -9. The most pronounced pro-apoptotic changes were caused by DBP followed by BBP and then by their metabolites.
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Zhang F, Zhang J, Shi N, Li T. Growth‐promoting effects of low‐level butyl benzyl phthalate exposure on human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1181-1191. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and HealthTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control Jinan 250014 Shandong China
| | - Nian Shi
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and HealthTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Health Toxicology, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental and HealthTongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei China
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Williams GP, Darbre PD. Low-dose environmental endocrine disruptors, increase aromatase activity, estradiol biosynthesis and cell proliferation in human breast cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:55-64. [PMID: 30817981 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenolic endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) have long been suspected of increasing human breast cancer risk, via aromatase up-regulation; however, the metabolic effects upon aromatase in human breast cells exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of phenolic compounds, have not been addressed. OBJECTIVES To examine the mechanistic responses of aromatase CYP19A1 mRNA, aromatase activity, estradiol biosynthesis and cellular proliferation, in three human breast cell lines, exposed to seven phenolic compounds, at environmentally relevant concentrations. METHODS MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells, and HMF3A breast fibroblasts were treated with specific concentrations of p,p'-DDT, methoxychlor, benzophenone-2, bisphenol A, bisphenol S, 4-phenylphenol and n-butylparaben, with and without the presence of aromatase inhibitors and estrogen receptor inhibitors. RESULTS All test EDCs up-regulated aromatase mRNA, increased aromatase activity, significantly increased the aromatase-induced biosynthesis of the breast carcinogen 17β-estradiol, and increased ERα-positive breast cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Inadvertent exposures to 'phenolic' EDCs, increase estradiol biosynthesis, and estrogen-sensitive breast cancer proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme P Williams
- Molecular and Cellular Medicine Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6UB, United Kingdom.
| | - Philippa D Darbre
- Molecular and Cellular Medicine Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6UB, United Kingdom
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45
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He J, Zeng X, Lan S, Lo IMC. Reusable magnetic Ag/Fe, N-TiO 2/Fe 3O 4@SiO 2 composite for simultaneous photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli and degradation of bisphenol A in sewage under visible light. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:869-878. [PMID: 30458422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven and magnetic photocatalyst Ag/Fe,N-TiO2/Fe3O4@SiO2 (AgFeNTFS) was synthesized through a multi-step method. AgFeNTFS was tested for the photocatalytic disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) under visible light irradiation, separately and simultaneously. The results showed that a 6.3-log reduction in cell density of E. coli was achieved and BPA (2 mg/L) was completely removed by AgFeNTFS in the separated photocatalytic processes within 120 min. In the simultaneous process, the photocatalytic disinfection of E. coli was not influenced in the presence of BPA, but the efficiency of BPA degradation was dropped by 10%. This was likely due to the competition for the same dominant reactive species of O2- and H2O2 between E. coli and BPA in the simultaneous process, as evidenced by the scavenger study and the interactions between the pollutants and AgFeNTFS. Moreover, the simultaneous photocatalytic activity of E. coli disinfection and BPA degradation by AgFeNTFS was investigated in the sewage obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant. The photocatalysis treated sewage could meet with the local disinfection discharge standard with a 3-log reduction of E. coli after 90 min, and a complete removal of BPA was achieved simultaneously after 360 min. Moreover, AgFeNTFS showed high magnetic separation efficiency and had a good reusability over three cycles for the simultaneous photocatalytic disinfection and degradation of BPA in both synthetic water and sewage. This study provides insights on the application of a reusable magnetic photocatalyst for simultaneous disinfection and degradation of BPA in sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhua He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangkang Zeng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shenyu Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Pande P, Fleck SC, Twaddle NC, Churchwell MI, Doerge DR, Teeguarden JG. Comparative estrogenicity of endogenous, environmental and dietary estrogens in pregnant women II: Total estrogenicity calculations accounting for competitive protein and receptor binding and potency. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 125:341-353. [PMID: 30553876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the biological significance of human-relevant exposures to environmental estrogens involves assessing the individual and total estrogenicity of endogenous and exogenous estrogens found in serum, for example from biomonitoring studies. We developed a method for this assessment by integrating approaches for (i) measuring total hormone concentrations by mass spectrometry (Fleck et al., 2018), (ii) calculating hormone bioavailable concentrations in serum and, (iii) solving multiple equilibria between estrogenic ligands and receptors, and (iv) quantitatively describing key elements of estrogen potency. The approach was applied to endogenous (E1, E2, E3, E4), environmental (BPA), and dietary Genistein (GEN), Daidzein (DDZ) estrogens measured in the serum of thirty pregnant women. Fractional receptor occupancy (FRO) based estrogenicity was dominated by E1, E2 and E3 (ER-α, 94.4-99.2% (median: 97.3%), ER-β, 82.7-97.7% (median: 92.8%), as was the total response (TR), which included ligand specific differences in recruitment of co-activator proteins (RCA). The median FRO for BPA was at least five orders of magnitude lower than E1, E2 and E3, and three orders of magnitude lower than the fetal derived E4 and GEN and DDZ. BPA contributed less than 1/1000th of the normal daily variability in total serum estrogenicity in this cohort of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Pande
- Health Effects and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
| | - Stefanie C Fleck
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Nathan C Twaddle
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Mona I Churchwell
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Daniel R Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA.
| | - Justin G Teeguarden
- Health Effects and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 93771, USA.
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Bodin L, Cravedi JP, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, van Loveren H, Gergelova P, Mackay K, Levorato S, van Manen M, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05194. [PMID: 32625773 PMCID: PMC7009575 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
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Bornehag CG, Lindh C, Reichenberg A, Wikström S, Unenge Hallerback M, Evans SF, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Nguyen RHN, Bush NR, Swan SH. Association of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure With Language Development in Early Childhood. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:1169-1176. [PMID: 30383084 PMCID: PMC6583016 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.3115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Prenatal exposure to phthalates has been associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes, but little is known about the association with language development. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of prenatal phthalate exposure with language development in children in 2 population-based pregnancy cohort studies. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data for this study were obtained from the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal Mother and Child, Asthma and Allergy (SELMA) study conducted in prenatal clinics throughout Värmland county in Sweden and The Infant Development and the Environment Study (TIDES) conducted in 4 academic centers in the United States. Participants recruited into both studies were women in their first trimester of pregnancy who had literacy in Swedish (SELMA) or English or Spanish (TIDES). This study included mothers and their children from both the SELMA study (n = 963) and TIDES (n = 370) who had complete data on prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite levels, language delay, and modeled covariables. For SELMA, the data were collected from November 1, 2007, to June 30, 2013, and data analysis was conducted from November 1, 2016, to June 30, 2018. For TIDES, data collection began January 1, 2010, and ended March 29, 2016, and data analysis was performed from September 15, 2016, to June 30, 2018. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mothers completed a language development questionnaire that asked the number of words their children could understand or use at a median of 30 months of age (SELMA) and 37 months of age (TIDES). The responses were categorized as fewer than 25, 25 to 50, and more than 50 words, with 50 words or fewer classified as language delay. RESULTS In the SELMA study, 963 mothers, 455 (47.2%) girls, and 508 (52.8%) boys were included. In TIDES, 370 mothers, 185 (50.0%) girls, and 185 (50.0%) boys were included in this analysis. The prevalence of language delay was 10.0% in both SELMA (96 reported) and TIDES (37 reported), with higher rates of delay in boys than girls (SELMA: 69 [13.5%] vs 27 [6.0%]; TIDES: 23 [12.4%] vs 14 [7.6%]). In crude analyses, the metabolite levels of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate were statistically significantly associated with language delay in both cohorts. In adjusted analyses, a doubling of prenatal exposure of dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate metabolites increased the odds ratio (OR) for language delay by approximately 25% to 40%, with statistically significant results in the SELMA study (dibutyl phthalate OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.03-1.63; P = .03]; butyl benzyl phthalate OR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.07-1.49; P = .003]). A doubling of prenatal monoethyl phthalate exposure was associated with an approximately 15% increase in the OR for language delay in the SELMA study (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.31; P = .05), but no such association was found in TIDES (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.79-1.23). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In findings from this study, prenatal exposure to dibutyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate was statistically significantly associated with language delay in children in both the SELMA study and TIDES. These findings, along with the prevalence of prenatal exposure to phthalates, the importance of language development, and the inconsistent results from a 2017 Danish study, suggest that the association of phthalates with language delay may warrant further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Department of Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden, ,Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Sverre Wikström
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University School of Medical Sciences, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah F. Evans
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Bodin L, Cravedi JP, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, van Loveren H, Gergelova P, Mackay K, Levorato S, van Manen M, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food. EFSA J 2018. [PMID: 32625773 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194">10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194','32625773', '10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.034')">Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194" />
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
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Priyam A, Singh PP, Gehlout S. Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Engineered Nanomaterials in the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:704. [PMID: 30542324 PMCID: PMC6277880 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has enabled the development of innovative technologies and products for several industrial sectors. Their unique physicochemical and size-dependent properties make the engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) superior for devising solutions for various research and development sectors, which are otherwise unachievable by their bulk forms. However, the remarkable advantages mediated by ENMs and their applications have also raised concerns regarding their possible toxicological impacts on human health. The actual issue stems from the absence of systematic data on ENM exposure-mediated health hazards. In this direction, a comprehensive exploration on the health-related consequences, especially with respect to endocrine disruption-related metabolic disorders, is largely lacking. The reasons for the rapid increase in diabetes and obesity in the modern world remain largely unclear, and epidemiological studies indicate that the increased presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment may influence the incidence of metabolic diseases. Functional similarities, such as mimicking natural hormonal actions, have been observed between the endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and ENMs, which supports the view that different types of NMs may be capable of altering the physiological activity of the endocrine system. Disruption of the endocrine system leads to hormonal imbalance, which may influence the development and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Evidence from many in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, suggests that ENMs generally exert deleterious effects on the molecular/hormonal pathways and the organ systems involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM. However, the available data from several such studies are not congruent, especially because of discrepancies in study design, and therefore need to be carefully examined before drawing meaningful inferences. In this review, we discuss the outcomes of ENM exposure in correlation with the development of T2DM. In particular, the review focuses on the following sub-topics: (1) an overview of the sources of human exposure to NMs, (2) systems involved in the uptake of ENMs into human body, (3) endocrine disrupting engineered nanomaterials (EDENMs) and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of T2DM, (4) evidence of the role of EDENMs in the pathogenesis of T2DM from in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies, and (5) conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pushplata Prasad Singh
- TERI Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
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