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Xu Q, Zhang T, Niu Y, Mukherjee S, Abou-Elwafa SF, Nguyen NSH, Al Aboud NM, Wang Y, Pu M, Zhang Y, Tran HT, Almazroui M, Hooda PS, Bolan NS, Rinklebe J, Shaheen SM. A comprehensive review on agricultural waste utilization through sustainable conversion techniques, with a focus on the additives effect on the fate of phosphorus and toxic elements during composting process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173567. [PMID: 38848918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The increasing trend of using agricultural wastes follows the concept of "waste to wealth" and is closely related to the themes of sustainable development goals (SDGs). Carbon-neutral technologies for waste management have not been critically reviewed yet. This paper reviews the technological trend of agricultural waste utilization, including composting, thermal conversion, and anaerobic digestion. Specifically, the effects of exogenous additives on the contents, fractionation, and fate of phosphorus (P) and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) during the composting process have been comprehensively reviewed in this article. The composting process can transform biomass-P and additive-born P into plant available forms. PTEs can be passivated during the composting process. Biochar can accelerate the passivation of PTEs in the composting process through different physiochemical interactions such as surface adsorption, precipitation, and cation exchange reactions. The addition of exogenous calcium, magnesium and phosphate in the compost can reduce the mobility of PTEs such as copper, cadmium, and zinc. Based on critical analysis, this paper recommends an eco-innovative perspective for the improvement and practical application of composting technology for the utilization of agricultural biowastes to meet the circular economy approach and achieve the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yingqi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- School of Agriculture Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Salah F Abou-Elwafa
- Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ngoc Son Hai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Thai Nguyen 23000, Viet Nam
| | - Nora M Al Aboud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yukai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingjun Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huu Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Mansour Almazroui
- Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research, Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Peter S Hooda
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University London, UK
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
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Qiu J, Fernandes de Souza M, Wang X, Chafik Y, Morabito D, Ronsse F, Ok YS, Meers E. Dynamic performance of combined biochar from co-pyrolysis of pig manure with invasive weed: Effect of natural aging on Pb and As mobilization in polluted mining soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173424. [PMID: 38782284 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to the natural biochar aging, the improvement of soil quality and immobilization of soil pollutants achieved by biochar may change; understanding the dynamic evolution of the in situ performance of biochar in these roles is essential to discuss the long-term sustainability of biochar remediation. Therefore, in this study, combined biochar from co-pyrolysis of pig manure and invasive Japanese knotweed - P1J1, as well as pure pig manure - PM - and pure Japanese knotweed - JK - derived biochar were applied to investigate their remediation performance in a high As- and Pb-polluted soil with prolonged incubation periods (up to 360 days). Biochar application, especially P1J1 and PM, initially promoted soil pH, dissolved organic carbon, and EC, but the improvements were not constant through time. The JK-treated soil exhibited the highest increase of soil organic matter (OM), followed by P1J1 and then PM, and OM did not change with aging. Biochar, especially P1J1, was a comprehensive nutrient source of Ca, K, Mg, and P to improve soil fertility. However, while soluble cationic Ca, K, and Mg increased with time, anionic P decreased over time, indicating that continuous P availability might not be guaranteed with the aging process. The total microorganism content declined with time; adding biochars slowed down this tendency, which was more remarkable at the later incubation stage. Biochar significantly impeded soil Pb mobility but mobilized soil As, especially in PM- and P1J1-treated soils. However, mobilized As gradually re-fixed in the long run; meanwhile, the excellent Pb immobilization achieved by biochars was slightly reduced with time. The findings of this study offer fresh insights into the alterations in metal(loid)s mobility over an extended duration, suggesting that the potential mobilization risk of As is reduced while Pb mobility slightly increases over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Future Energy Center, School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University, 722 23 Västerås, Sweden
| | - Yassine Chafik
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Domenico Morabito
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ghandali MV, Safarzadeh S, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Zeinali S. Heavy metals immobilization and bioavailability in multi-metal contaminated soil under ryegrass cultivation as affected by ZnO and MnO 2 nanoparticle-modified biochar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10684. [PMID: 38724636 PMCID: PMC11082237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals (HMs) has become a global problem for agriculture and the environment. In this study, the effects of pristine biochar and biochar modified with manganese dioxide (BC@MnO2) and zinc oxide (BC@ZnO) nanoparticles on the immobilization and bioavailability of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Ni in soil under ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivation were investigated. The results of SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD showed that ZnO and MnO2 nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto biochar. The results showed that BC, BC@MnO2 and BC@ZnO treatments significantly increased shoots and roots dry weight of ryegrass compared to the control. The maximum dry weight of root and shoot (1.365 g pot-1 and 4.163 g pot-1, respectively) was reached at 1% BC@MnO2. The HMs uptake by ryegrass roots and shoots decreased significantly after addition of amendments. The lowest Pb, Cd, Zn and Ni uptake in the plant shoot (13.176, 24.92, 32.407, and 53.88 µg pot-1, respectively) was obtained in the 1% BC@MnO2 treatment. Modified biochar was more successful in reducing HMs uptake by ryegrass and improving plant growth than pristine biochar and can therefore be used as an efficient and cost effective amendment for the remediation of HMs contaminated soils. The lowest HMs translocation (TF) and bioconcentration factors were related to the 1% BC@MnO2 treatment. Therefore, BC@MnO2 was the most successful treatment for HMs immobilization in soil. Also, a comparison of the TF values of plant showed that ryegrass had a good ability to accumulate all studied HMs in its roots, and it is a suitable plant for HMs phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedigheh Safarzadeh
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Li Z, Yu D, Wang X, Liu X, Xu Z, Wang Y. A novel strategy of tannery sludge disposal - converting into biochar and reusing for Cr(VI) removal from tannery wastewater. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 138:637-649. [PMID: 38135427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Tannery sludge with high chromium content has been identified as hazardous solid waste due to its potential toxic effects. The safety disposal and valorization of the tannery sludge remains a challenge. In this study, the chromium stabilization mechanism was systematically investigated during chromium-rich tannery sludge was converted to biochar and the removal performance of the sludge biochar (SBC) for Cr(VI) from tannery wastewater was also investigated. The results showed that increase in pyrolysis temperature was conductive to the stabilization of Cr and significant reduction of the proportion of Cr(VI) in SBC. It was confirmed that the stabilization of chromium mainly was attributed to the embedding of chromium in the C matrix and the transformation of the chromium-containing substances from the amorphous Cr(OH)3 to the crystalline state, such as (FeMg)Cr2O5. The biochar presented high adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) at low pH and the maximal theoretical adsorption capacity of SBC produced at 800°C can reach 352 mg Cr(VI)/g, the process of which can be well expressed by Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo second order model. The electrostatic effect and reduction reaction were dominantly responsible for the Cr(VI) adsorption by SBC800. Overall, this study provided a novel strategy for the harmless disposal and resource utilization for the solid waste containing chromium in leather industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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5
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Wang H, Lv Y, Bao J, Chen Y, Zhu L. Petroleum-contaminated soil bioremediation and microbial community succession induced by application of co-pyrolysis biochar amendment: An investigation of performances and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133600. [PMID: 38316070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to remediate petroleum-contaminated soil using co-pyrolysis biochar derived from rice husk and cellulose. Rice husk and cellulose were mixed in various weight ratios (0:1, 1:0, 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) and pyrolyzed under 500 °C. These biochar variants were labeled as R0C1, R1C0, R1C1, R1C3 and R3C1, respectively. Notably, the specific surface area and carbon content of the co- pyrolysis biochar increased, potentially promoting the growth and colonization of soil microorganisms. On the 60th day, the microbial control group achieved a 46.69% removal of pollutants, while the addition of R0C1, R1C0, R1C3, R1C1 and R3C1 resulted in removals of 70.56%, 67.01%, 67.62%, 68.74% and 67.30%, respectively. In contrast, the highest efficiency observed in the abiotic treatment group was only 24.12%. This suggested that the removal of petroleum pollutants was an outcome of the collaborative influence of co-pyrolysis biochar and soil microorganisms. Furthermore, the abundance of Proteobacteria, renowned for its petroleum degradation capability, obviously increased in the treatment group with the addition of co-pyrolysis biochar. This demonstrated that co-pyrolysis biochar could notably stimulate the growth of functionally associated microorganisms. This research confirmed the promising application of co-pyrolysis biochar in the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Wang
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yuanfei Lv
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Bao
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Yiyun Chen
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
| | - Liandong Zhu
- School of Resources & Environmental Science, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, PR China.
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6
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Xu W, Xie X, Li Q, Yang X, Ren J, Shi Y, Liu D, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J. Biochar co-pyrolyzed from peanut shells and maize straw improved soil biochemical properties, rice yield, and reduced cadmium mobilization and accumulation by rice: Biogeochemical investigations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133486. [PMID: 38244456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Biochar is an eco-friendly amendment for the remediation of soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd). However, little attention has been paid to the influence and underlying mechanisms of the co-pyrolyzed biochar on the bioavailability and uptake of Cd in paddy soils. The current study explored the effects of biochar co-pyrolyzed from peanut shells (P) and maize straw (M) at different mixing ratios (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 0:1, 2:1 and 3:1, w/w), on the bacterial community and Cd fractionation in paddy soil, and its uptake by rice plant. Biochar addition, particularly P1M3 (P/M 1:3), significantly elevated soil pH and cation exchange capacity, transferred the mobile Cd to the residual fraction, and reduced Cd availability in the rhizosphere soil. P1M3 application decreased the concentration of Cd in different rice tissues (root, stem, leaf, and grain) by 30.0%- 49.4%, compared to the control. Also, P1M3 enhanced the microbial diversity indices and relative abundance of iron-oxidizing bacteria in the rhizosphere soil. Moreover, P1M3 was more effective in promoting the formation of iron plaque, increasing the Cd sequestration by iron plaque than other treatments. Consequently, the highest yield and lowest Cd accumulation in rice were observed following P1M3 application. This study revealed the feasibility of applying P1M3 for facilitating paddy soils contaminated with Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Xiaocui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Renmin Road 58, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jiajia Ren
- Agriculture and Rural of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 323500, China
| | - Yanping Shi
- Agriculture and Rural of Jiaxing, Jiaxing 323500, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
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Wilson K, Iqbal J, Obaid Abdalla Obaid Hableel A, Naji Khalaf Beyaha Alzaabi Z, Nazzal Y. Camel Dung-Derived Biochar for the Removal of Copper(II) and Chromium(III) Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Adsorption and Kinetics Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11500-11509. [PMID: 38497018 PMCID: PMC10938451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study explores an innovative approach to tackle the critical issue of heavy metal ion contamination in aqueous solutions through the utilization of camel dung-derived biochar. In the context of global environmental concerns and the adverse impacts of heavy metal pollution on ecosystems and human health, the investigation focuses on copper(II) and chromium(III) ions, which are among the most pervasive pollutants originating from industrial activities. The research revealed that camel dung-derived biochar exhibits exceptional potential for the removal of copper(II) and chromium(III) ions, with removal efficiencies of more than 90% and adsorption capacities of 23.20 and 23.36 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption processes followed second-order kinetics, and the data fitted both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The underlying mechanisms governing this adsorption phenomenon seem to be grounded in complexation reactions, cation exchange, and cation-π interactions, underscoring the multifaceted nature of the interactions between the biochar and heavy metal ions. This research not only advances our understanding of sustainable materials for water purification but also harnesses the underutilized potential of camel dung as a valuable resource for environmental remediation, offering a promising avenue for addressing global water pollution challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenesha Wilson
- College of Natural and Health
Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jibran Iqbal
- College of Natural and Health
Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | | | - Yousef Nazzal
- College of Natural and Health
Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Qiu J, Fernandes de Souza M, Edayilam N, Yang Y, Ok YS, Ronsse F, Morabito D, Meers E. Metal behavior and soil quality changes induced by the application of tailor-made combined biochar: An investigation at pore water scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165552. [PMID: 37454836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The remediation performance of biochar varies based on the biomass used for its production. Further innovation involves developing tailor-made biochar by combining different raw materials to compensate for the limitations of pure biochar. Therefore, tailor-made combined biochar produced from the co-pyrolysis of pig manure and invasive Japanese knotweed (P1J1), as well as biochars produced from these feedstocks separately, i.e., pure pig manure (PM) and pure Japanese knotweed (JK), were applied to Pb and As contaminated soil to evaluate the biochar-induced changes on soil properties, microbial activity, DOM, and metal and metalloids solubility at the soil pore water scale. Biochar application reduced soluble Pb, whereas enhanced the As mobility; the increased soil pH after biochar addition played a fundamental role in reducing the Pb solubility, as revealed by their significant negative correlation (r = -0.990, p < 0.01). In contrast, the release of dissolved P strongly influenced As mobilization (r = 0.949, p < 0.01), especially in P-rich PM and P1J1 treatments, while JK showed a marginal effect in mobilizing As. Soils treated with PM, P1J1, and JK mainly increased Gram-negative bacteria by 56 %, 52 %, and 50 %, respectively, compared to the control. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis identified three components in pore water DOM, C1 (long wavelength humic-like), C2 (short wavelength humic-like), and C3 (protein-like), which were dominant respectively in the P1J1, JK, and PM-added soil. A principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that the PM and P1J1 had similar performance and were more associated with releasing P and Mg and specific DOM components (C1 and C3). Meanwhile, P1J1 supplemented soil OM/OC and K, similar to JK. The results of this study suggest that combined biochar P1J1 can comprehensively enhance soil quality, embodying the advantages of pure PM and JK biochar while overcoming their shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nimisha Edayilam
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yongyuan Yang
- LIWET, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel De Goedelaan 5, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Domenico Morabito
- INRA USC1328, LBLGC EA 1207, University of Orleans, Rue de Chartres, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ahmed W, Mehmood S, Mahmood M, Ali S, Núñez-Delgado A, Li W. Simultaneous immobilization of lead and arsenic and improved phosphorus availability in contaminated soil using biochar composite modified with hydroxyapatite and oxidation: Findings from a pot experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116640. [PMID: 37453505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Multi-metals/metalloids contaminated soil has received extensive attention because of their adverse health effects on the safety of the food chain and environmental health. In order to provide additional insight and aid in mitigating environmental risks, a pot experiment was directed to assess the impacts of biochars derived from rice straw (BC), and modified biochars i-e., hydroxyapatite modified (HAP-BC) and oxidized biochars (Ox-BC) on the redistribution, phytoavailability and bioavailability of phosphorus (P), lead (Pb), and Arsenic (As), as well as their effects on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in a Lead (Pb)/Arsenic (As) contaminated soil. The results showed that HAP-BC increased the soil total and available P, compared with raw biochar and control treatment. HAP-BC improved soil properties by elevating soil pH and electric conductivity (EC). The Hedley fractionation scheme revealed that HAP-BC enhanced the labile and moderately labile P species in soil. Both HAP-BC and Ox-BC assisted in the P build-up in plant roots and shoots. The BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction data for Pb and As in soil showed the pronounced effects of HAP-BC towards the transformation of labile Pb and As forms into more stable species. Compared with control, HAP-BC significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased the DTPA-extractable Pb and As by 55% and 28%, respectively, subsequently, resulting in reduced Pb and As plant uptakes. HAP-BC application increased the plant fresh and dry root/shoot biomass by 239%, 72%, 222% and 190%, respectively. The Pb/As immobilization by HAP-BC was mainly driven by precipitation, ion exchange and surface complexation mechanisms in soil. In general, HAP-BC application indicated a great capability to be employed as an effective alternative soil amendment for improving P acquisition in soil, simultaneously immobilizing Pb and As in the soil-plant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Centerfor Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Centerfor Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Mohsin Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Centerfor Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Sehrish Ali
- National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Weidong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Centerfor Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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10
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Xu Y, Qi F, Yan Y, Sun W, Bai T, Lu N, Luo H, Liu C, Yuan B, Sheng Z, Liu T. The interaction of different chlorine-based additives with swine manure during pyrolysis: Effects on biochar properties and heavy metal volatilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:52-61. [PMID: 37406504 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor properties and high concentrations of heavy metals are still major concerns of successful application of animal manure-derived biochar into the environment. This work thus proposed to add chlorine-based additives (Cl-additives, i.e., CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, NaCl, and PVC, 50 g Cl/ kg) to improve biochar properties and enhance heavy metal volatilization during swine manure pyrolysis. The results showed that the addition of CaCl2 could improve the retention of carbon (C) by up to 13.1% during pyrolysis, whereas other Cl-additives had little effect on it. Moreover, CaCl2 could enhance the aromaticity of biochar, as indicated by lower H/C ratio than raw biochar. Pretreatment with CaCl2, MgCl2 and PVC reduced phosphorus (P) solubility but increased its bioavailability via the formation of chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl). The CaCl2 was more effective for enhancing the volatilization efficiency of heavy metals than other Cl-additives, except for Pb that tended to react with the generated Ca5(PO4)3Cl to form more stable and less volatile Pb5(PO4)3Cl. However, high pyrolysis temperature (900℃) was essential for CaCl2 to simultaneously decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals. Our results indicated that co-pyrolysis of swine manure with CaCl2 is a promising strategy to increase C retention, P bioavailability, and volatilization of heavy metals, and, at higher temperature, reduce the bioavailability of biochar-born heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008, China; Global Centre for Environmental Research, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Tianxia Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Hong Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Biao Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Zhenhuan Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
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11
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Li Z, Yu D, Liu X, Wang Y. The Fate of Heavy Metals and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Pyrolysis Coupling with Acid Washing Treatment for Sewage Sludge. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050447. [PMID: 37235261 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is an emerging and effective means for sludge disposal. Biochar derived from sludge has broad application prospects, however, is limited by heavy metals. In this study, the fate of heavy metals (HMs) in pyrolysis coupling with acid washing treatment for sewage sludge was comprehensively investigated for the first time. Most of the HMs redistributed in the pyrolyzed residues (biochar) after pyrolysis, and the enrichment order of the HMs was: Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr. Compared with various washing agents, phosphoric acid presented a superior washing effect on most heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Cr) in biochars derived at low pyrolysis temperature and Ni in biochars derived at high pyrolysis temperature. The optimal washing conditions for heavy metals (including Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni) removal by H3PO4 were obtained by batch washing experiments and the response surface methodology (RSM). The total maximum HM removal efficiency was 95.05% under the optimal washing specifications by H3PO4 (acid concentration of 2.47 mol/L, L/S of 9.85 mL/g, and a washing temperature of 71.18 °C). Kinetic results indicated that the washing process of heavy metals in sludge and biochars was controlled by a mixture of diffusion and surface chemical reactions. After phosphoric acid washing, the leaching concentrations of HMs in the solid residue were further reduced compared with that of biochar, which were below the USEPA limit value (5 mg/L). The solid residue after pyrolysis coupling with acid washing resulted in a low environmental risk for resource utilization (the values of the potential ecological risk index were lower than 20). This work provides an environmentally friendly alternative of pyrolysis coupling with acid washing treatment for sewage sludge from the viewpoint of the utilization of solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Ningbo (Beilun) Zhongke Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center, Ningbo 315000, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
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12
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Tan S, Zhou G, Yang Q, Ge S, Liu J, Cheng YW, Yek PNY, Wan Mahari WA, Kong SH, Chang JS, Sonne C, Chong WWF, Lam SS. Utilization of current pyrolysis technology to convert biomass and manure waste into biochar for soil remediation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:160990. [PMID: 36539095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional disposal of animal manures and lignocellulosic biomass is restricted by its inefficiency and sluggishness. To advance the carbon management and greenhouse gas mitigation, this review scrutinizes the effect of pyrolysis in promoting the sustainable biomass and manure disposal as well as stimulating the biochar industry development. This review has examined the advancement of pyrolysis of animal manure (AM) and lignocellulosic biomass (LB) in terms of efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and operability. In particular, the applicability of pyrolysis biochar in enhancing the crops yields via soil remediation is highlighted. Through pyrolysis, the heavy metals of animal manures are fixated in the biochar, thereby both soil contamination via leaching and heavy metal uptake by crops are minimized. Pyrolysis biochar is potentially use in soil remediation for agronomic and environmental co-benefits. Fast pyrolysis assures high bio-oil yield and revenue with better return on investment whereas slow pyrolysis has low revenue despite its minimum investment cost because of relatively low selling price of biochar. For future commercialization, both continuous reactors and catalysis can be integrated to pyrolysis to ameliorate the efficiency and economic value of pyrolysis biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Shengbo Ge
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Junang Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Yoke Wang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Computing, Manipal International University, 71800 Putra Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, Create Tower, #15-02, 138602 Singapore, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Nai Yuh Yek
- Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sieng Huat Kong
- Centre on Technological Readiness and Innovation in Business Technopreneurship (CONTRIBUTE), University of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Center for Nanotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - William Woei Fong Chong
- Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Automotive Development Centre (ADC), Institute for Vehicle Systems and Engineering (IVeSE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia; University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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13
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Qiu J, Fernandes de Souza M, Robles-Aguilar AA, Ghysels S, Ok YS, Ronsse F, Meers E. Improving biochar properties by co-pyrolysis of pig manure with bio-invasive weed for use as the soil amendment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137229. [PMID: 36372342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, pyrolysis has grown into a mature technology with added value for producing soil improvers. Further innovations of this technology lie in developing tailor-made products from specific feedstocks (or mixtures thereof) in combination with adjusted mixing ratio-temperature regimes. In this context, co-pyrolysis of pig manure (PM) and the invasive plant Japanese knotweed (JK) at different mixture ratios (w/w) of 3:1 (P3J1), 1:1 (P1J1), and 1:3 (P1J3) and varying temperatures (400-700 °C) was studied to address the low carbon properties and heavy metals (HMs) risks of manure-derive biochars and beneficially ameliorate the bio-invasion situation by creating value from the plant biomass. Co-pyrolysis of PM with JK increased by nearly 1.5 folds the fixed carbon contents in the combined feedstock biochars obtained at 600 °C compared with PM-derived biochar alone, and all combined feedstock biochars met the requirements for soil improvement and carbon sequestration. The total HMs in PM biochars were significantly reduced by adding JK. The combined feedstock biochar P1J1 generated at 600 °C was the most effective in transforming Cu and Zn into more stable forms, accordingly reducing the associated environmental risk of heavy metal leaching from the biochar. In addition, the accumulation of macronutrients can be an added benefit of the co-pyrolysis process, and P1J1-600 was also the biochar that retained the most nutrients (P, Ca, Mg, and K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana A Robles-Aguilar
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stef Ghysels
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Meng J, Zhang H, Cui Z, Guo H, Mašek O, Sarkar B, Wang H, Bolan N, Shan S. Comparative study on the characteristics and environmental risk of potentially toxic elements in biochar obtained via pyrolysis of swine manure at lab and pilot scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153941. [PMID: 35189204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is considered as a promising method to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in animal manures. However, comparative study on characteristics and environmental risk of PTEs in biochar obtained by pyrolysis of animal manure at different reactors are lacking. In this study, swine manure was pyrolyzed at 300-600 °C in a lab-scale or pilot-scale reactor with the aim to investigate their effects on characteristics and environmental risk of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in swine manure biochar. Results showed that biochars produced from pilot scale had lower pH and carbon (C) content but higher oxygen (O) content than those from lab scale. Biochars from pilot scale had higher total PTEs (except Cd) concentrations and releasable PTEs (except Pb) but lower CaCl2-extractable PTEs and phytotoxicity germination index (GI) to radish seedings than those from lab scale. Chemical speciation analysis indicated that PTEs in biochar produced from pilot-scale fast pyrolysis at 400 °C had higher percentage of more stable fraction (F5 fraction) and lower potential ecological risk index (RI) than those from lab-scale slow pyrolysis. These findings demonstrated that bioavailability and potential ecological risk of PTE in swine manure biochar were greatly decrease in the pilot-scale pyrolysis reactor and the optimum temperature was 400 °C considering the lowest potential ecological risk index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Henglei Zhang
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhonghua Cui
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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15
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Wang X, Wei-Chung Chang V, Li Z, Song Y, Li C, Wang Y. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and food waste digestate to synergistically improve biochar characteristics and heavy metals immobilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 141:231-239. [PMID: 35149479 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food waste digestate (FWD) is a desirable additive in sewage sludge (SS)-based biochar preparation owing to its high contents of intrinsic inorganic minerals and lignocellulosic compounds. In this study, we investigated the co-pyrolysis of SS with FWD at different mixing ratios (4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3, and 0:4; SS:FWD w/w) at 550 °C to synergistically improve the biochar characteristics and immobilize the heavy metals in the SS. The results showed that co-pyrolysis of SS with FWD greatly increased the aromaticity and pH (by 13.22-26.56%) of the blended biochar, and significantly reduced the contents of total and bioavailable heavy metals. The addition of FWD effectively enhanced the conversion of heavy metals from less stable fractions to more stable forms, but led to the transformation of Cr from the residual fraction (F4) to the oxidizable fraction (F3) when the FWD:SS ratio was ≥ 3:1. Overall, the formation of co-crystal compounds, stable kaolinite, and metal oxides together with the enhancement of biochar characteristics during co-pyrolysis significantly reduced the heavy metal-associated ecological risk (potential ecological risk index lower than 15.51) and phytotoxicity (germination index higher than 139.41%) of the blended biochar. These findings suggest that high levels of mineral components in FWD greatly immobilize more heavy metals in biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Civil Engineering, 23 College Walk, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victor Wei-Chung Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, 23 College Walk, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yang Song
- Resources and Environmental Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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16
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Yek PNY, Wan Mahari WA, Kong SH, Foong SY, Peng W, Ting H, Liew RK, Xia C, Sonne C, Tabatabaei M, Almomani F, Aghbashlo M, Lam SS. Pilot-scale co-processing of lignocellulosic biomass, algae, shellfish waste via thermochemical approach: Recent progress and future directions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126687. [PMID: 35007740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermal co-processing of lignocellulosic and aquatic biomass, such as algae and shellfish waste, has shown synergistic effects in producing value-added energy products with higher process efficiency than the traditional method, highlighting the importance of scaling up to pilot-scale operations. This article discusses the design and operation of pilot-scale reactors for torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification, as well as the key parameters of co-processing biomass into targeted and improved quality products for use as fuel, agricultural application, and environmental remediation. Techno-economic analysis reveals that end product selling price, market dynamics, government policies, and biomass cost are crucial factors influencing the sustainability of thermal co-processing as a feasible approach to utilize the biomass. Because of its simplicity, pyrolysis allows greater energy recovery, while gasification has the highest net present value (profitability). Integration of liquefaction, hydrothermal, and fermentation pre-treatment technology has the potential to increase energy efficiency while reducing process residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nai Yuh Yek
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development, University College of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wan Adibah Wan Mahari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sieng Huat Kong
- School of Foundation Studies, University College of Technology Sarawak, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Shin Ying Foong
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China
| | - Hiram Ting
- Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, UCSI University Kuching Campus, Lot 2976, Block 7, Muara Tebas Land District, Sejingkat, 93450 Kuching,Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Jalan Macalister, Georgetown 10400, Pulau Pinang
| | - Changlei Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, PR China; Anhui Juke Graphene Technology Co., Ltd., Bozhou, Anhui 233600, PR China
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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Liu M, Almatrafi E, Zhang Y, Xu P, Song B, Zhou C, Zeng G, Zhu Y. A critical review of biochar-based materials for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated environment: Applications and practical evaluations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150531. [PMID: 34844313 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of heavy metals (HMs) in the environment has aroused a global concern. The valid remediation of HM contaminated environment is a highly significant issue. As alternative to carbon materials, biochar has been vastly documented for the remediation of HM contaminated environment. However, there are some possible imperfections to meet the actual remediation tasks as the finite properties of raw biochar, and the remediation process is complex and unexpectedly. This review focuses on the progress made on environmental HM remediation by biochar-based materials within the past six years. The property analysis and key modifications of biochar are summarized inspired by their applicability or necessity for HM decontamination, and the environmental remediation as well as the implicated mechanisms are thoroughly elaborated from multiple pivotal sides. The evaluations of practical application associated with biochar amendment are also presented. Finally, some pertinent improvements and research directions are proposed. To our knowledge, this article is the first time to make a systematic summary on the reliability and practicability of biochar-based materials for environmental HM remediation, and critically pointed out the existing issues to facilitate the judicious design of biochar-based materials and understanding the research trends. It is also aims to provide reference for subsequent research and propel the practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eydhah Almatrafi
- Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering-Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Chen X, Du Z, Guo T, Wu J, Wang B, Wei Z, Jia L, Kang K. Effects of heavy metals stress on chicken manures composting via the perspective of microbial community feedback. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118624. [PMID: 34864104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution was the main risk during livestock manures composting, in which microorganisms played a vital role. However, response strategies of microbial community to heavy metals stress (HMS) remained largely unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to reveal the ecological adaptation and counter-effect of bacterial community under HMS during chicken manures composting, and evaluating environmental implications of HMS on composting. The degradation of organic matters (more than 6.4%) and carbohydrate (more than 19.8%) were enhanced under intense HMS, suggesting that microorganisms could quickly adapt to the HMS to ensure smooth composting. Meanwhile, HMS increased keystone nodes and strengthened significant positive correlation relationships between genera (p < 0.05), indicating that bacteria resisted HMS through cooperating during composting. In addition, different bacterial groups performed various functions to cope with HMS. Specific bacterial groups responded to HMS, and certain groups regulated bacterial networks. Therefore, bacterial community had the extraordinary potential to deal with HMS and guarantee chicken manures composting even in the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhuang Du
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tong Guo
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Liming Jia
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Monitoring Centre, Harbin, 150056, China
| | - Kejia Kang
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin, 150056, China
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19
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Biochar-Assisted Phytostabilization for Potentially Toxic Element Immobilization. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In response to the growing threat to the quality of the soil environment, new technologies are being developed to protect and remediate contaminated sites. A new approach, namely, assisted phytostabilization, has been used in areas contaminated with high levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), using various soil additives. This paper determined the effectiveness of biochar-assisted phytostabilization using Dactylis glomerata L. of soil contaminated with high concentrations of the selected PTEs (in mg/kg soil): Cu (780 ± 144), Cd (25.9 ± 2.5), Pb (13,540 ± 669) and Zn (8433 ± 1376). The content of the selected PTEs in the roots and above-ground parts of the tested grass, and in the soil, was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The addition of biochar to the contaminated soil led to an increase in plant biomass and caused an increase in soil pH values. Concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn were higher in the roots than in the above-ground parts of Dactylis glomerata L. The application of biochar significantly reduced the total content of PTEs in the soil after finishing the phytostabilization experiment, as well as reducing the content of bioavailable forms extracted from the soil using CaCl2 solution, which was clearly visible with respect to Cd and Pb. It is concluded that the use of biochar in supporting the processes of assisted phytostabilization of soils contaminated with PTEs is justified.
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20
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Liu J, Yang X, Liu H, Jia X, Bao Y. Mixed biochar obtained by the co-pyrolysis of shrimp shell with corn straw: Co-pyrolysis characteristics and its adsorption capability. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131116. [PMID: 34118622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The co-pyrolysis characteristics of shrimp shell (SS) with corn straw (CS) were investigated by comprehensive characterization to reveal the synergistic effects and further discuss the adsorption capability. TGA results showed that pyrolysis behavior and reactivity were improved with the increase of heating rate and doping ratio of CS. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and distributed activation energy model (DAEM) indicated that co-pyrolysis can effectively reduce energy consumption and promote the decomposition of CaCO3. TG-FTIR and Py-GC/MS analysis indicated that the release of CH4, CO2, CO and NH3 at the doping ratio of 25% CS (75SS+25CS) was higher than that at other doping ratios, and the relative proportions of N-heterocyclics and oxygenates were lower, which was conducive to the development of pore structure for mixed biochar and effectively alleviated the pollution during co-pyrolysis process. The structure of mixed biochar was improved, confirmed by the characterizations of BET, SEM, FTIR and XRD. The mixed biochar prepared at 800 °C (75SS+25CS800) exhibited optimal porosity, aromatization and the most thorough CaCO3 decomposition. Batch adsorption experiment showed that the removal rate of 50 mg/L Cu(II) by 75SS+25CS800 was close to 100% under the dosage of 1 g/L and pH = 3-6. The adsorption process was well described by Langmuir, pseudo-second-order and Webber-Morris model, illustrating diffusion monolayer chemisorption was the main adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) on 75SS+25CS800. The maximum adsorption capacity of 75SS+25CS800 for Cu(II) was 79.77 mg/g at 35 °C. In short, this study provided a reference in optimizing the preparation process and improving the adsorption performance of mixed biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Honghao Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Xuping Jia
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
| | - Yongchao Bao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China.
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21
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Li Y, Yu H, Liu L, Yu H. Application of co-pyrolysis biochar for the adsorption and immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126655. [PMID: 34329082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has been considered as a serious threat to the environment and human in the past decades due to its toxic and unbiodegradable properties. Recently, extensive studies have been carried out on the removal of heavy metals, and various adsorption materials have been successfully developed. Among, biochar is a promising option because of its advantages of various biomass sources, abundant microporous channels and surface functional groups, as well as its attractive economic feasibility. However, the application of pristine biochar is limited by its low adsorption capacity and nonregenerative property. Co-pyrolysis biochar, produced from the pyrolysis of biomass with the addition of another biomass or non-biomass precursor, is potential in overcoming the limitation of pristine biochar and achieving superior performance for heavy metal adsorption and immobilization. Therefore, this article summarizes the recent advances in development and applications of co-pyrolysis biochar for adsorption and immobilization of various heavy metals in contaminated environmental substrates. In details, the production, characteristics and advantages of co-pyrolysis biochar are initially presented. Subsequently, the adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of different heavy metals (including Hg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Cr, As, etc.) in flue gas and wastewater by co-pyrolysis biochar are reviewed, as well as factors influencing their adsorption capacities. Meanwhile, the immobilization of heavy metals in both biochar itself and contaminated soils by co-pyrolysis biochar is discussed. Finally, the limitations of current studies and future prospects are proposed. It aims at providing a guideline for the exploitation and application of cost-effective and environmental-friendly co-pyrolysis biochar in the decontamination of environmental substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanling Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Han Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lina Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Hongbing Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Engineering Centre for Cleaner Technology of Iron-steel Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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22
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Du H, Zhong Z, Zhang B, Zhao D, Lai X, Wang N, Li J. Comparative study on intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modified kaolin for heavy metals immobilization during high-organic solid waste pyrolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130714. [PMID: 33964742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the new municipal solid waste classification policy implemented in China, attention on achieving the waste-to-energy disposal of "dry waste" has been growing. Pyrolysis conversion of organic waste into value-added chemicals is a promising method to treat solid waste. However, after removing the non-combustible components of "dry waste", the obtained high-organic solid waste (HSW) contains various heavy metals, which requires urgent attention during thermochemical conversion. To mitigate heavy metals risk, kaolin was employed as additive during HSW pyrolysis, and intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modifications were performed on the kaolin to further immobilize and stabilize heavy metals in the derived chars. The characterization results illustrated that the interlayer spacing, pore volume and diameter of kaolin were expanded after intercalation-exfoliation modification, providing more opportunities for the adsorption of metals. The thermal activation method favored the transformation of kaolin into metakaolin via dehydroxylation to enhance its nonhexacoordinated Al proportion and chemisorption. During 450-650 °C, kaolin exhibited an effective solid enrichment performance for targeting heavy metals, and the intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modification further enhanced the adsorption capacity of the kaolin for Cd, Cr, Pb and Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, respectively. Compared with Cu and Zn, additives demonstrated better stabilization effects for Cd, Pb, and Cr, transforming more bioavailable fractions to the residual speciation. Overall, a higher pyrolytic temperature (650 °C) and the addition of effective additives could simultaneously increase the residual fraction and decrease the bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in HSW-derived chars, reducing the potential ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Du
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Deqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, PR China
| | - Xudong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Ningbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Jiefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
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23
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Li C, Xie S, Wang Y, Jiang R, Wang X, Lv N, Pan X, Cai G, Yu G, Wang Y. Multi-functional biochar preparation and heavy metal immobilization by co-pyrolysis of livestock feces and biomass waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 134:241-250. [PMID: 34454190 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomass waste is a desirable additive in livestock feces biochar preparation due to its easy access, better moisture adjustment, and abundant organic content. In the present study, co-pyrolysis of livestock feces (PM: pig manure, CM: chicken manure) and biomass wastes (WC: wood chips, BS: bamboo sawdust, RH: rice husk, and CH: chaff) with different blending ratios was conducted at 600 °C to investigate the biochar characteristic and Cu/Zn immobilization performances. The results showed that WC and BS have more significant effect on the increase in fixed carbon content and heating value and the decrease in ash content of biochar. The biochar with lower pH and electrical conductivity is obtained from co-pyrolysis of manure with RH and CH. Compared with CM-based biochar, PM-based biochar presented better potential as fuel and soil remediation considering the higher heating value and lower aromatic H/C ratio. Specially, the residual fractions of Cu and Zn in PM biochar increased from 73.09% and 65.54% to 90.68% and 72.31% after 10 wt% BS addition and those in CM biochar increased from 81.07% and 73.57% to 88.87% and 84.11% after 10 wt% WC addition, which induced the lowest environmental risk of biochar. This work provided a strategy and direction for targeted enhancement in biochar characteristics with selective biomass addition during manure pyrolysis, which is beneficial to the local treatment and utilization of farm wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Chemical and Biochemical, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Shengyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruqing Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Nan Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaofang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guanjing Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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24
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Chen X, Ma R, Luo J, Huang W, Fang L, Sun S, Lin J. Co-microwave pyrolysis of electroplating sludge and municipal sewage sludge to synergistically improve the immobilization of high-concentration heavy metals and an analysis of the mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:126099. [PMID: 34229391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To improve the harmless treatment of high-concentration heavy metals (HMs) in electroplating sludge (ES), this study tried to combine the microwave pyrolysis technology and the addition of municipal sewage sludge (MS) to synergistically improve the immobilization of high-concentration HMs in ES. The results showed that the immobilization rate of HMs was less than 75% in ES pyrolysis biochar. Notably, the immobilization rate of HMs up to 98.00% in co-pyrolysis biochar. Finally, it was found by various characterizations that the organic carbon and inorganic minerals in MS played an important role in the immobilization of HMs through physical and chemical effects. HMs reacted with inorganic minerals to form HMs crystalline minerals (e.g., CuCl, Cu2NiSnS4, and NiSi2, ZnS) to realize the immobilization of HMs. The addition of organic carbon was conducive to the formation of biochar with higher carbon crystallinity (ID/IG = 0.96) and larger specific surface area (52.50 m2 g-1), thereby enhancing the physical adsorption to HMs. Meanwhile, the complexation reaction between HMs and functional groups such as -OH, Si-O-Si could also further improve the immobilization of HMs. Therefore, this study provided a technical and theoretical basis for the harmless disposal of waste containing multiple HMs with high-concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Juan Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Wentao Huang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lin Fang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shichang Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, No. 3688, Nanhai Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Water Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, China.
| | - Junhao Lin
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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25
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Wang X, Chang VWC, Li Z, Chen Z, Wang Y. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and organic fractions of municipal solid waste: Synergistic effects on biochar properties and the environmental risk of heavy metals. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125200. [PMID: 33517061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of heavy metal-free biomass into the sewage sludge (SS) pyrolysis can effectively improve the biochar properties and reduce the bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals (HMs) in blended biochar. Herein, this study aimed to understand the biochar properties and associated environmental risks of HMs, by comparing the residual contents from the co-pyrolysis of SS with various organic fractions of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) at 550 °C and pyrolysis alone at different temperatures between 350 and 750 °C. The results indicated that, compared with SS pyrolysis alone, co-pyrolysis of SS with various OFMSW (except PVC) lead to lower biochar yields but with higher pH values (increased between 21.80% and 31.70%) and carbon contents (raised between 33.45% and 48.22%) in blended biochars, and the chemical speciation analysis suggested that co-pyrolysis further promoted the HMs transformation into more stable forms which significantly reduce the associated environmental risk of HMs in the blended biochars (the values of RI lower than 55.80). The addition of PVC, however, impeded biochar properties and compromised HMs immobilization during SS pyrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Department of Civil Engineering, 23 College Walk, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Victor Wei-Chung Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, 23 College Walk, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zhiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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26
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Xu Y, Qu W, Sun B, Peng K, Zhang X, Xu J, Gao F, Yan Y, Bai T. Effects of added calcium-based additives on swine manure derived biochar characteristics and heavy metals immobilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 123:69-79. [PMID: 33571831 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although pyrolysis is a promising way for treating animal manure, the application is restricted with some limitations of biochar. To improve the quality of biochar derived from swine manure and enhance the immobilization of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in it, swine manure was mixed with four types of Ca-based additives (CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, and Ca(H2PO4)2) prior to pyrolysis at 300-700 °C. The thermogravimetric characteristics of swine manure were obviously influenced The addition of CaO, CaCO3, and Ca(OH)2 during the whole decomposition process. Furthermore, with the addition of CaO and Ca(OH)2, the emission of CO2 and CO was substantially decreased at 200-500 °C, whereas the formation of CO, H2, CO2, and CH4 was drastically increased at 600-800 °C. The biochar produced with CaO addition had the highest pH, surface area and carbon content. Moreover, by addition of Ca-based additives, except for Ca(H2PO4)2, the transformation of labile Cu and Zn to the stable fraction was promoted, and the leachability and environmental risk of them were simultaneously reduced. In contrast, CaO and Ca(OH)2 were more favorable for the immobilization of Cu and Zn than CaCO3. Our study indicated that the catalytic pyrolysis using CaO was an effective and valuable method of animal manure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Hydrogeology Group at the Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Baoyi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Kai Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xingzhou Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Fan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Tianxia Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
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Yuan C, Gao B, Peng Y, Gao X, Fan B, Chen Q. A meta-analysis of heavy metal bioavailability response to biochar aging: Importance of soil and biochar properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144058. [PMID: 33288251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely applied to remediate the heavy metal-polluted soils, whereas biochar aging can induce the changes of the biochar physic-chemical properties. Afterwards, the bioavailability of heavy metals (BHM) will vary in soils which likely increase the unstable fractions of heavy metals and the following environmental risks. To explore the biochar aging effects on the BHM changes in responses to the variation of experimental conditions and biochar properties, a meta-analysis for the literatures published before May 2020 was conducted. A sum of 257 independent observations from 22 published papers was obtained. The results from the analysis of boosted regression tree showed that the soil pH was the most important factor influencing the BHM changes in biochar amended soil, followed by soil texture, aging time and biochar pyrolysis temperature. The results of this review showed that the BHM was decreased by 16.9%, 28.7% and 6.4% in weakly acid soil (pH 6.00-6.99), coarse- and medium-textured soils, respectively, but increased by 149% and 121% in the alkaline (pH > 8.00) and fine-textured soils. The BHM declined in the soils amended with biochar pyrolyzed at relative high temperature (> 500 °C), and increased during aging in soils amended with biochar pyrolyzed at relatively low temperature (401-500 °C). In terms of diverse immobilized heavy metals, only bioavailable Zn in soil decreased after aging. However, there was no significant changes in Cd, Cu and Pb's bioavalability. Besides, the BHM was decreased by 18.6% within the short-term (less than one year) biochar aging, while showed inverse trend during the longer aging processes. Besides, the application of lignin-enriched biochar may counteract the positive effects of the biochar aging on BHM. Our works may promote the interpretation of the interference factors on the BHM changes and filled the research gaps on biochar aging process in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Baolin Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yutao Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Li C, Xie S, You F, Zhu X, Li J, Xu X, Yu G, Wang Y, Angelidaki I. Heavy metal stabilization and improved biochar generation via pyrolysis of hydrothermally treated sewage sludge with antibiotic mycelial residue. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:152-161. [PMID: 33065336 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermally treated sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C with antibiotic mycelial residue addition ratios of 0, 10, 25, and 50 wt%. The results showed that co-pyrolysis could obviously improve biochar properties. Specifically, adding antibiotic mycelial residue increased the aromaticity and raised the higher heating value of the biochar, which indicates its better potential as fuel. The enrichment in functional groups improved the surface properties of biochar, indicating its better applicability. Additionally, the heavy metal concentrations in biochar were diluted by adding antibiotic mycelial residue, which led to lower toxic inputs to the environment. Moreover, heavy metals were transformed to more stable fractions after co-pyrolysis. A higher pyrolysis temperature and greater antibiotic mycelial residue amounts led to better immobilization of heavy metals, thus preventing their leaching to the environment. This work proposes a promising technique for the synergetic treatment of sewage sludge and antibiotic mycelial residue for improved biochar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Shengyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Futian You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinhai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Zhang J, Jin J, Wang M, Naidu R, Liu Y, Man YB, Liang X, Wong MH, Christie P, Zhang Y, Song C, Shan S. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice husk/ bamboo sawdust for biochar with high aromaticity and low metal mobility. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110034. [PMID: 32827522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blending waste biomass for co-pyrolysis is generally regarded as a promising method for reduced-volume, value-added, and hazard-free treatment of sewage sludge. Hence, a comparison was made of the co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with rice husk and with bamboo sawdust (1:1, w/w) at 400 and 700 °C and the properties and behaviors of selected metals in the corresponding biochars. Biochar produced by co-pyrolysis with both biomass wastes had larger (5 × 5 rectangle) aromatic clusters than did the sewage sludge biochar (4 × 4 rectangle) using the rectangle-like model on the basis of biochar molar H/C ratio, indicating increased aromaticity of the co-pyrolyzed biochars. Moreover, the molar O/C ratio of the sewage sludge-bamboo biochar was much lower than that of the sewage sludge-husk biochar, especially after pyrolysis at 700 °C (0.02 vs 0.27), suggesting greater recalcitrance to ageing. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with husk invariably resulted in a higher percentage of metals studied in the residual fraction than co-pyrolysis with sawdust at the same temperature, leading to a lower risk index (14.2) because of the maximum metal encapsulation in the sewage sludge-husk biochar at 700 °C. Overall, co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge with husk provided higher metal immobilization but apparently lower biochar stability than co-pyrolysis with sawdust. These results provide an alternatively practical strategy for the safe disposal of sewage sludge and biomass wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Ecological Treatment of Waste Biomass, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China; School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Junwei Jin
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; Institute of Environmental Protection, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, 77 Puyang Road, Zhuji, Zhejiang, 311800, China.
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of Environment (CRC CARE), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Yu Bon Man
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinqiang Liang
- Institute of Environmental Protection, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Ecological Treatment of Waste Biomass, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Chengfang Song
- School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Lin'an District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Recycling and Ecological Treatment of Waste Biomass, School of Environment and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310023, China
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Ma J, Chen Y, Antoniadis V, Wang K, Huang Y, Tian H. Assessment of heavy metal(loid)s contamination risk and grain nutritional quality in organic waste-amended soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 399:123095. [PMID: 32534402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies that evaluate the human health risk of heavy metal(loid)s pollution have not been widely performed for organic waste-amended soils on the Loess Plateau of China. With this respect, we conducted a 3-year field trial to estimate the heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil and maize, the resultant nutritional quality of maize grains and the health risk under treatments of conventional fertilizer (CF), traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) and sheep manure (SM). We found that protein, amino acids and lysine in maize grains were increased by 12.3, 11.3 and 5.88 % under TCMR treatments relative to SM application, respectively. Meanwhile, this treatment reduced the levels of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in soil and maize grains. All fertilization regimens resulted in greater health risks for children, with HI values ranging from 1.06 to 1.52 and CR levels for Cr and As being ﹥1.0 × 10-4, especially higher in SM treatments. This presented the beneficial effect of TCMR than SM. The further investigated of toxic metal(loid)s level in SM and its application risks, based on meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, indicated Cd, Hg and Pb were the most cautionary heavy metal(loid)s and contamination risk were greater on the southwest regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Kaibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yizong Huang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hanwen Tian
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Wu J, Zhu L, Zhang X, Wei Z, Liu Y, He P. Selective pressures of heavy metals on microbial community determine microbial functional roles during composting: Sensitive, resistant and actor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122858. [PMID: 32473324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HM) pollution exerts an effect on microbial community composition and structure during composting, the way how microbial community responses to HM pressure is remain poorly understood though. The aim of this study was to explore functional roles of microorganisms based on selective pressures of HM (Cu, Zn and Cd). The results of microbial resistance showed that the toxicity of metals to microorganisms were Cu > Zn > Cd during composting. Cu and Zn were more toxic for microorganisms during composting when compared with Cd. However, microorganisms had a longer lag period to grow under Zn stress through microbial tolerance determination. In addition, the microbial catalase activity generally decreased and protease activity generally increased, thus microorganisms became more adaptable to HM stress during composting. The experimental results confirmed the existence of sensitive, resistant and actor microorganisms during beef cattle and chicken manures composting. Ultimately, the resistant, sensitive and actor microorganisms at genus level were distinguished under HM pressure based on the network analysis and structural equation models, including 85 resistant microorganisms, 5 sensitive microorganisms and 6 actor microorganisms. This would be helpful to understand the microbial succession process under HM stress and identify functional strains of HM remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Chen
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Junqiu Wu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Longji Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin 150056, China
| | - Pingping He
- Heilongjiang Province Environmental Science Research Institute, Harbin 150056, China
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32
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Yang S, Wen Q, Chen Z. Impacts of Cu and Zn on the performance, microbial community dynamics and resistance genes variations during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123554. [PMID: 32460007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) and intI1 were investigated during mesophilic (mAD) and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (tAD) of swine manure with presence of Cu and Zn. Results showed that metal reduced the lag phase time. Cu showed stronger inhibition than Zn on archaea community and metals inhibited the growth of acetoclastic methanogens during mAD. Although total concentration of metals increased after AD, they were transformed into stable state. The abundance of qnrS, sul1, sul2 and drfA7 increased 1.2-5.7 times after mAD, while reduced after tAD, showed that tAD was effective in ARGs removal. Structural equation model analysis suggested that intI1 had the most standardized direct effects on ARGs variation in mAD (R = 0.85, p < 0.01), while the co-occurrence of MRGs with ARGs showed significantly positive influences on ARGs variation in tAD (R = 0.82, p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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33
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Li C, Xie S, Wang Y, Pan X, Yu G, Zhang Y. Simultaneous heavy metal immobilization and antibiotics removal during synergetic treatment of sewage sludge and pig manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30323-30332. [PMID: 32458305 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The safe handling of heavy metals and antibiotics during waste disposal has attracted wide attention. In the present study, hydrothermally treated sewage sludge was used for co-pyrolysis with different concentration ratios of pig manure at 600 °C for heavy metal immobilization and antibiotic removal. Heavy metals (except Cd) were mainly retained in the biochar samples due to a high degree of decomposition characteristic of organic matter. Pyrolysis significantly immobilized the heavy metals via converting unstable F1 + F2 + F3 fractions (acid-soluble fraction + reducible fraction + oxidizable fraction) to stable F4 fraction (residual fraction), and more pig manure addition led to improved immobilization performance. After co-pyrolysis, the potential environmental risk of feedstocks reduced significantly and the addition of 50 wt.% of pig manure gave a minimum potential ecological risk index of 10.36 with a low risk of contamination. In addition, six types of antibiotics in feedstocks were decomposed completely during pyrolysis. The co-pyrolysis process showed numerous advantages in the synthetic treatment of sewage sludge and pig manure by reducing the heavy metal toxicity and antibiotic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Shengyu Xie
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Xiaofang Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Cheng S, Chen T, Xu W, Huang J, Jiang S, Yan B. Application Research of Biochar for the Remediation of Soil Heavy Metals Contamination: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3167. [PMID: 32664440 PMCID: PMC7397277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil contamination by heavy metals threatens the quality of agricultural products and human health, so it is necessary to choose certain economic and effective remediation techniques to control the continuous deterioration of land quality. This paper is intended to present an overview on the application of biochar as an addition to the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil, in terms of its preparation technologies and performance characteristics, remediation mechanisms and effects, and impacts on heavy metal bioavailability. Biochar is a carbon-neutral or carbon-negative product produced by the thermochemical transformation of plant- and animal-based biomass. Biochar shows numerous advantages in increasing soil pH value and organic carbon content, improving soil water-holding capacity, reducing the available fraction of heavy metals, increasing agricultural crop yield and inhibiting the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals. Different conditions, such as biomass type, pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and residence time are the pivotal factors governing the performance characteristics of biochar. Affected by the pH value and dissolved organic carbon and ash content of biochar, the interaction mechanisms between biochar and heavy metals mainly includes complexation, reduction, cation exchange, electrostatic attraction and precipitation. Finally, the potential risks of in-situ remediation strategy of biochar are expounded upon, which provides the directions for future research to ensure the safe production and sustainable utilization of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Cheng
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (B.Y.)
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (B.Y.)
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Dongjiang Environmental Company Limited, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Jian Huang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (B.Y.)
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaojun Jiang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (B.Y.)
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo Yan
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (S.C.); (J.H.); (S.J.); (B.Y.)
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
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35
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Liu Q, Sheng Y, Wang W, Li C, Zhao G. Remediation and its biological responses of Cd contaminated sediments using biochar and minerals with nanoscale zero-valent iron loading. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136650. [PMID: 32019026 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Remediation of Cd pollution in sediments is crucial for the safety of aquatic environments and human health. In this study, four effective, common, and low-cost remediation materials (zeolite, sepiolite, red mud (RM), and biochar (BC)) loaded with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and themselves were employed to immobilize Cd in sediments. The effects of different materials on sediment properties, immobilization effectiveness, bacterial communities, enzyme activities, and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were investigated. Results showed that sediment properties were significantly changed by the addition of immobilization materials (P < 0.05). The geochemical fraction analysis showed that the labile Cd was partially transformed to the stable fraction after immobilization, with an 11-47% decrease in the acid-soluble fraction and a 50-1000% increase in the residual fraction. The Cd immobilization effectiveness peaked at the nZVI/RM and nZVI/BC treatments, and the Cd toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leachabilities decreased by 42% and 44%, respectively. The modified materials were more effective for immobilizing Cd than the raw materials owing to the presence of nZVI, and the Cd TCLP leachabilities with the modified materials decreased by 15%-22% compared with the raw material treatments. Immobilization-driven reduction of bioavailable Cd enhanced the richness and diversity of bacterial communities and enzyme activities. Moreover, the immobilization treatment promoted the Fe(III)-reducing process by increasing the Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (e.g. Geobacteraceae, Bacillus, and Clostridium), which are conducive to Cd immobilization. Additionally, the DOM composition presented more autogenetic characteristics in treated groups. BC (nZVI/BC) can be selected as the priority material for Cd immobilization in sediments due to higher immobilization effectiveness and lower adverse effects on sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunqun Liu
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Sheng
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Research Center for Coastal Environment Engineering Technology of Shandong Province, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Yang YQ, Cui MH, Ren YG, Guo JC, Zheng ZY, Liu H. Towards Understanding the Mechanism of Heavy Metals Immobilization in Biochar Derived from Co-pyrolysis of Sawdust and Sewage Sludge. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:489-496. [PMID: 32047949 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biochar was prepared by mixing sewage sludge with sawdust via a co-pyrolysis with different mixture ratios and temperatures. The results showed that the sawdust addition resulted in a lower yield of biochar with higher C content. The total concentrations of Pb and Cd in biochar were reduced. Besides, pyrolysis can transform the potentially toxic Pb and Cd to stable fractions. However the sawdust addition had slight influence on the chemical forms of Pb and Cd in the biochar. The biochar with 50% sawdust at 600°C exhibited a remarkable reduction of the leachable metal concentrations. The possible transformation mechanisms of Pb and Cd were inferred as the formation of aluminum and silicon-containing minerals. These results provide insights into the influence of sawdust addition on the characteristics of biochar and the possible Pb and Cd immobilization mechanisms during co-pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Hua Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Gang Ren
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang P, Zhang X, Li Y, Han L. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on chemical speciation, leaching ability, and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochar derived from cow manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 302:122850. [PMID: 32007849 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the chemical speciation, leaching ability, and environmental risk of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in cow manure biochar (CMBC) pyrolyzed at various temperatures. The total content, chemical speciation, and leaching ability of the heavy metals were determined through microwave digestion, modified BCR three-step sequential extraction procedure, and leaching solution systems (TCLP, distilled water, and SPLP). The risk assessment code, Muller geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index, and germination index were used to evaluate the environmental safety and ecotoxicity of heavy metals. Significant differences were observed in the physicochemical properties of CMBCs. The heavy metal contents in CMBCs were higher than those in CM. The bioavailable fraction of heavy metals was transformed into a relatively stable fraction with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Furthermore, the potential risks and ecotoxicity of biochar were reduced, thus improving environmental safety. The study results provide important data for biochar applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lujia Han
- Laboratory of Biomass and Bioprocessing Engineering, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Box 191, Beijing 100083, China.
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Shen X, Zeng J, Zhang D, Wang F, Li Y, Yi W. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics, chemical speciation and environmental risk of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn in biochars derived from pig manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135283. [PMID: 31822406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive analysis of environmental risk for heavy metals in pig manure was essential for optimization of pyrolysis conditions and scientific utilization of pig manure biochars as soil amendment. However, in previous studies, the selected pyrolysis temperature points were limited and temperature interval was large, it's was difficult to accurately verify the effect of pyrolysis temperature on chemical speciation and environmental risk of heavy metals. Therefore, in this study, pig manure was pyrolyzed at 300-700 °C with a small interval of 50 °C to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and environmental risk of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn in pig manure biochar. Results indicated that the characteristics of biochars (>500 °C) were relatively stable. The biochar obtained at 700 °C exhibited the largest surface area (8.28 m2 g-1) and pore volume (25.17 m3 kg-1), secondly is the biochar derived at 500 °C. The total percentages of exchangeable and acid fraction and reducible fraction decreased from 16.98% to 9.43% for Cr, 85.60% to 65.55% for Mn, 57.26% to 10.61% for Cu, 37.90% to 13.78% for Zn, respectively, suggesting that exchangeable and acid fraction and reducible fraction of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn in pig manure were transformed into oxidizable and residual fractions after pyrolysis. The leaching rates, risk assessment code and potential ecological risk index values significantly decreased after pyrolysis and presented lower value at 500 and 700 °C. Biochars derived at 300-700 °C conditions posed no phytotoxicity with germination index >80%. Correlation analyses revealed that larger surface area, pore volume and pH values of biochars may help to immobilize heavy metals and reduce bioavailability. These findings demonstrated that bioavailability and toxicity of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn in pig manure biochar were greatly reduced after pyrolysis and the optimum temperature was 500 °C considering energy cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Shen
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Jianfei Zeng
- Institution of Environment and Sustainable Development in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Deli Zhang
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Weiming Yi
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China.
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