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An L, Kong X, Jiang M, Li W, Lv Q, Hou X, Liu C, Su P, Ma J, Yang T. Photo-assisted natural chalcopyrite activated peracetic acid for efficient micropollutant degradation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121699. [PMID: 38713937 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The effective activation of natural chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) on peracetic acid (PAA) to remove organic micropollutants was studied under visible light irradiation. Results showed than an effective sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation (95.0 %) was achieved under visible light irradiation for 30 min at pH 7.0. Quenching experiments, electron spin resonance analysis, and LC/MS spectrum demonstrated that HO• and CH3C(O)OO• were the main reactive species for SMX degradation, accounting for 43.3 % and 56.7 % of the contributions, respectively. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the photoelectrons generated on CuFeS2 activated by visible light enhanced the Fe3+/Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu+ cycles on the surface, thereby activating PAA to generate HO•/CH3C(O)OO•. The removal rate of SMX decreased with the increase in wavelengths, due to the formation of low energy photons at longer wavelengths. Besides, the optimal pH for degradation of SMX by CuFeS2/PAA/Vis-LED process was neutral, which was attributed to the increasing easily activated anionic form of PAA during the increase in pH and the depletion of Fe species at alkaline conditions. Cl-, HCO3-, and HA slightly inhibited SMX degradation because of reactive species being quenched and/or shielding effect. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of different pollutants by CuFeS2/PAA/Vis-LED was also measured, and the removal efficiency was different owing to the selectivity of CH3C(O)OO•. Finally, the process exhibited good applicability in real waters. Overall, this study provides new insight into visible light-catalyzed activation of PAA and suggests on further exploration of the intrinsic activation mechanism of PAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqian An
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiujuan Kong
- Center of Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Maoju Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qixiao Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Hou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chenlong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peng Su
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China.
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2
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Rana G, Dhiman P, Kumar A, Chauhan A, Sharma G. Recent advances in photocatalytic removal of antiviral drugs by Z-scheme and S-scheme heterojunction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:40851-40872. [PMID: 38837030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The possible impact of antivirals on ecosystems and the emergence of antiviral resistance are the reasons for concern about their environmental release. Consequently, there has been a significant increase in curiosity regarding their presence in both organic and synthetic systems in recent years. The primary objective of this review is to address the void of information regarding the global presence of antiviral drugs in both wastewater and natural water sources. Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is an eco-friendly, cost-effective method that effectively addresses environmental degradation. The development of efficient photocatalysts remains a significant issue in accelerating the degradation of pollutants, especially when employing solar light. Thus, the development of Z-scheme and S-scheme semiconductor heterojunctions has emerged as a viable method to improve light absorption and enhance the redox capability of photocatalysts. The principles of Z-scheme and S-scheme are reviewed extensively. The degradation route and occurrence of antiviral are discussed briefly. Finally, a short preview of the degradation of antiviral using Z-scheme and S-scheme is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India.
| | - Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Ankush Chauhan
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, India
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3
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Jun BM, Nam SN, Jung B, Choi JS, Park CM, Choong CE, Jang M, Jho EH, Son A, Yoon Y. Photocatalytic and electrocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A in the presence of graphene/graphene oxide-based nanocatalysts: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141941. [PMID: 38588897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely recognized endocrine disrupting compound, has been discovered in drinking water sources/finished water and domestic wastewater influent/effluent. Numerous studies have shown photocatalytic and electrocatalytic oxidation to be very effective for the removal of BPA, particularly in the addition of graphene/graphene oxide (GO)-based nanocatalysts. Nevertheless, the photocatalytic and electrocatalytic degradation of BPA in aqueous solutions has not been reviewed. Therefore, this review gives a comprehensive understanding of BPA degradation during photo-/electro-catalytic activity in the presence of graphene/GO-based nanocatalysts. Herein, this review evaluated the main photo-/electro-catalytic degradation mechanisms and pathways for BPA removal under various water quality/chemistry conditions (pH, background ions, natural organic matter, promotors, and scavengers), the physicochemical characteristics of various graphene/GO-based nanocatalysts, and various operating conditions (voltage and current). Additionally, the reusability/stability of graphene/GO-based nanocatalysts, hybrid systems combined with ozone/ultrasonic/Fenton oxidation, and prospective research areas are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Moon Jun
- Radwaste Management Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 111 Daedeok-Daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Nam Nam
- Military Environmental Research Center, Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon, 495 Hoguk-ro, Gogyeong-myeon, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38900, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongyeon Jung
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Choe Earn Choong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hea Jho
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahjeong Son
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Wang W, Chen L, Ma H, Lu X, Ma H, Liu Z. Visible-Light-Driven Z-Type Pg-C 3N 4/Nitrogen Doped Biochar/BiVO 4 Photo-Catalysts for the Degradation of Norfloxacin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1634. [PMID: 38612148 PMCID: PMC11012328 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics cannot be effectively removed by traditional wastewater treatment processes, and have become widespread pollutants in various environments. In this study, a Z-type heterojunction photo-catalyst Pg-C3N4 (PCN)/Nitrogen doped biochar (N-Biochar)/BiVO4 (NCBN) for the degradation of norfloxacin (NOR) was prepared by the hydrothermal method. The specific surface area of the NCBN (42.88 m2/g) was further improved compared to BiVO4 (4.528 m2/g). The photo-catalytic performance of the catalyst was investigated, and the N-Biochar acted as a charge transfer channel to promote carrier separation and form Z-type heterojunctions. Moreover, the NCBN exhibited excellent performance (92.5%) in removing NOR, which maintained 70% degradation after four cycles. The main active substance of the NCBN was •O2-, and the possible degradation pathways are provided. This work will provide a theoretical basis for the construction of heterojunction photo-catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Huifang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xi Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhibao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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5
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Soni V, Sonu, Sudhaik A, Singh P, Thakur S, Ahamad T, Nguyen VH, Thi LAP, Quang HHP, Chaudhary V, Raizada P. Visible-light-driven photodegradation of methylene blue and doxycycline hydrochloride by waste-based S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst Bi 5O 7I/PCN/tea waste biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140694. [PMID: 37972865 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have reported a photocatalytic Bi5O7I, protonated g-C3N4 heterojunction with directional charge transfer channels provided by tea waste biochar to achieve effective e-/h+ pair isolation for the improved degradation of Methylene blue (MB) and Doxycycline hydrochloride (DCHCl). An S-scheme heterojunction was fabricated via the novel method that combined hydrothermal and ultrasonic dispersion, followed by an electrostatic self-assembly route. The as-fabricated Bi5O7I/protonated g-C3N4/Tea waste biochar heterojunction formed a strong contact at the interface, as supported by the electron microscopic results. As per the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation kinetics study, Bi5O7I/Tea waste biochar/protonated g-C3N4 (40 wt%) heterojunction showed a higher adsorption rate of 41.56% and 32% for MB and DCHCl within 30 min in the dark. Also, 92.02% MB and 90.21% DCHCl degradation rates in 60 and 90 min, respectively, are approximately 43 and 32 times higher than bare Bi5O7I and protonated g-C3N4 photocatalysts. The highest adsorption and degradation rate was achieved owing to the addition of Tea waste biochar and protonated g-C3N4 in a controlled ratio, and the sufficient interfacial contact between Bi5O7I and protonated g-C3N4 is for the improved isolation rate of e-/h+ pairs as evidenced by zeta potential values photoluminescence spectra as well as from scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, Bi5O7I/Tea waste biochar/protonated g-C3N4 (40 wt%) possessed high stability and recyclability after four consecutive cycles without much altering the degradation ability. Therefore, we believe that the as-fabricated Bi5O7I/Tea waste biochar/protonated g-C3N4 (40 wt%) provides new insight into the highly efficient S-scheme mechanisms significant for accelerating multicomponent photocatalytic redox reactions; while forming an effective visible light responsive candidate for treating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatika Soni
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Sonu
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Anita Sudhaik
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Lan-Anh Phan Thi
- VNU Key Laboratory of Analytical Technology for Environmental Quality and Food Safety Control (KLATEFOS), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development (CETASD), University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Huy Hoang Phan Quang
- Faculty of Biology and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade (HUIT), 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Physics Department, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India; SUMAM Laboratory (Sustainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab), New Delhi, 110072, India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India.
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6
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Li Y, Han Y, Li H, Niu X, Liu X, Zhang D, Fan H, Wang K. Study of bismuth metal organic skeleton composites with photocatalytic antibacterial activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:764-776. [PMID: 37748404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
A composite based on Ag and carbon quantum dot (CQDs) doped bismuth metal organic framework (CAU-17) was synthesized by a one-step thermal solvent in situ growth. The microstructure, chemical composition, morphology, photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and photocatalytic activity of the composite were characterized. The produced composite with its unique energy band structure, enhances the visible light absorption and effectively delays the recombination of the photogenerated carriers. On the other hand, the modification with CQDs increases the concentration and transport rate of photogenerated carriers mainly attributed to their superior electron transport capacity and light trapping ability. The photocatalytic antibacterial effect of CAU-17/Ag/CQDs against common Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) and drug-resistant bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), as well as its inhibition against HepG2 tumor cell were investigated. The results showed that CAU-17/Ag/CQDs exhibited a photocatalytic antibacterial effect with an inactivation rate as high as 99.9 %. At the low dose (0.2 mg/mL), CAU-17/Ag/CQDs indicated a significant inhibition against bacterial growth 20 min after visible light exposure, whereas at the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, CAU-17/Ag/CQDs completely killed all the tested bacteria. At the concentration of 0.8 mg/mL, the inhibition rate against HepG2 tumor cells reached 75 %. The excellent photocatalytic property of the as prepared composite contributed to the doping of Ag and CQDs, which fundamentally altered the morphology and energy band distribution. Such a composite can be developed into an effective photocatalytic disinfection system and applied to water purification systems, biofilm rejection, combating different antibiotic resistances, and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yujia Han
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiaohui Niu
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Deyi Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Haiyan Fan
- Chemistry Department, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Kunjie Wang
- School of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
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Lin JY, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Zhang YX, Du RZ, Li M, Tan Y, Feng XS. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environment: Recent updates on the occurrence, fate, hazards and removal technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166897. [PMID: 37683862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are extensively utilized pharmaceuticals worldwide. However, owing to the improper discharge and disposal practices, they have emerged as significant contaminants that are widely distributed in water, soils, and sewage sediments. This ubiquity poses a substantial threat to the ecosystem and human health. Consequently, it is imperative to develop rapid, cost-effective, efficient and reliable approaches for containing these substance in order to mitigate the deleterious impact of NSAIDs. This research provides a comprehensive review of the occurrence, fate, and hazards associated with NSAIDs in the general environment. Additionally, various removal technologies, including advanced oxidation processes, biodegradation, and adsorption, were systematically summarized. The study also presents a comparative analysis of the benefits and drawbacks of different removal technologies while interpreting challenges related to NSAIDs' removal and proposing strategies for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Rong-Zhu Du
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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8
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Zhao S, Wang X, Wang Q, Sumpradit T, Khan A, Zhou J, Salama ES, Li X, Qu J. Application of biochar in microbial fuel cells: Characteristic performances, electron-transfer mechanism, and environmental and economic assessments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115643. [PMID: 37944462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is a by-product of thermochemical conversion of biomass or other carbonaceous materials. Recently, it has garnered extensive attention for its high application potential in microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems owing to its high conductivity and low cost. However, the effects of biochar on MFC system performance have not been comprehensively reviewed, thereby necessitating the evaluation of the efficacy of biochar application in MFCs. In this review, biochar characteristics were outlined based on recent publications. Subsequently, various applications of biochar in the MFC systems and their probable processes were summarized. Finally, proposals for future applications of biochar in MFCs were explored along with its perspectives and an environmental evaluation in the context of a circular economy. The purpose of this review is to gain comprehensive insights into the application of biochar in the MFC systems, offering important viewpoints on the effective and steady utilization of biochar in MFCs for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Qiutong Wang
- College of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tawatchai Sumpradit
- Microbiolgy and Parasitology Department, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Aman Khan
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, 20-Attaturk Avenue, Sector G-5/1, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jia Zhou
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Tianshui South Road #222, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianhang Qu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Yang T, An L, Zeng G, Mai J, Li Y, Lian J, Zhang H, Li J, Cheng X, Jia J, Liu M, Ma J. Enhanced hydroxyl radical generation for micropollutant degradation in the In 2O 3/Vis-LED process through the addition of periodate. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120401. [PMID: 37536249 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Periodate (PI) as an oxidant has been extensively studied for organic foulants removal in advanced oxidation processes. Here PI was introduced into In2O3/Vis-LED process to enhance the formation of ·OH for promoting the degradation of organic foulants. Results showed that the addition of PI would significantly promote the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in the In2O3/Vis-LED process (from 9.26% to 100%), and ·OH was proved to be the dominant species in the system. Besides, the process exhibited non-selectivity in the removal of different organic foulants. Comparatively, various oxidants (e.g., peroxymonosulfate, peroxydisulfate, and hydrogen peroxide) did not markedly promote the removal of SMX in the In2O3/Vis-LED process. Electrochemical analyses demonstrated that PI could effectively receive photoelectrons, thus inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole (e-/h+) pairs. The holes then oxidized the adsorbed H2O to generate ·OH, and the PI converted to iodate at the same time. Additionally, the removal rate of SMX reduced from 100% to 17.2% as Vis-LED wavelengths increased from 440 to 560 nm, because of the low energy of photons produced at longer wavelengths. Notably, the species of PI do not affect its ability to accept electrons, resulting in the degradation efficiency of SMX irrespective of pH (4.0-10.0). The coexistence of inorganic cations and anions (such as Cl-, CO32-/HCO3-, SO42-, Ca2+, and Mg2+) also had an insignificant effect on SMX degradation. Furthermore, the process also showed excellent degradation potential in real water. The proposed strategy provides a new insight for visible light-catalyzed activation of PI and guidance to explore green catalytic processes for high-efficiency removal of various organic foulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China.
| | - Linqian An
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Ge Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Jiamin Mai
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Yuying Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China.
| | - Jinchuan Lian
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Haochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai 519087, P R China
| | - Xiaoxiang Cheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Minchao Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529020, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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10
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Liu Q, Ouyang W, Yang X, He Y, Wu Z, Ostrikov KK. Plasma-microbubble treatment and sustainable agriculture application of diclofenac-contaminated wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:138998. [PMID: 37211167 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The demand for efficient wastewater treatment is becoming increasingly urgent due to the rising threat of pharmaceutical residues in water. As a sustainable advanced oxidation process, cold plasma technology is a promising approach for water treatment. However, the adoption of the technology encounters several challenges, including the low treatment efficiency and the potentially unknown environmental impact. Here, microbubble generation was integrated with cold plasma system to enhance treatment of wastewater contaminated with diclofenac (DCF). The degradation efficiency depended on the discharge voltage, gas flow, initial concentration, and pH value. The best degradation efficiency was 90.9% after 45 min plasma-bubble treatment under the optimum process parameters. The hybrid plasma-bubble system exhibited strongly synergistic performance heralded by up to seven-times higher DCF removal rates than the two systems operated separately. The plasma-bubble treatment remains effective even after addition of SO42-, Cl-, CO32-, HCO3-, and humic acid (HA) as interfering background substances. The contributions of •O2-, O3, •OH, and H2O2 reactive species to the DCF degradation process were specified. The synergistic mechanisms for DCF degradation were deduced through the analysis of the degradation intermediates. Further, the plasma-bubble treated water was proven safe and effective to stimulate seed germination and plant growth for sustainable agriculture applications. Overall, these findings provide new insights and a feasible approach with a highly synergistic removal effect for the plasma-enhanced microbubble wastewater treatment, without generating secondary contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchong Ouyang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan He
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China; Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Centre for Clean Energy Technologies and Practices, and Centre for Waste Free World, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
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11
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Jiang T, Wang B, Gao B, Cheng N, Feng Q, Chen M, Wang S. Degradation of organic pollutants from water by biochar-assisted advanced oxidation processes: Mechanisms and applications. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130075. [PMID: 36209607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has shown large potential in environmental remediation because of its low cost, large specific surface area, porosity, and high conductivity. Biochar-assisted advanced oxidation processes (BC-AOPs) have recently attracted increasing attention to the remediation of organic pollutants from water. However, the effects of biochar properties on catalytic performance need to be further explored. There are still controversial and knowledge gaps in the reaction mechanisms of BC-AOPs, and regeneration methods of biochar catalysts are lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the latest research progress of BC-AOPs in the treatment of organic pollutants in water. In this review, first of all, the effects of biochar properties on catalytic activity are summarized. The biochar properties can be optimized by changing the feedstocks, preparation conditions, and modification methods. Secondly, the catalytic active sites and degradation mechanisms are explored in different BC-AOPs. Different influencing factors on the degradation process are analyzed. Then, the applications of BC-AOPs in environmental remediation and regeneration methods of different biochar catalysts are summarized. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of biochar catalysts in environmental remediation are put forward, and some suggestions for future development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment (Guizhou University), Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Ning Cheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Qianwei Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
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12
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Zhang X, Wu Z, Wu Y, Giwa AS, Huang S, Niu L. Visible-light-driven simultaneous decontamination of multi-antibiotics by facile synthesized BiOCl loaded food wastes biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120683. [PMID: 36400142 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental dissemination caused by widespread use of antibiotics has been regarded as a possible hazard to aquatic ecosystem and human health. The increasing misgivings make it imperative to develop a novel catalyst with remarkable visible-light-driven activity to remove antibiotics, especially for their simultaneous decontamination. Herein, C/BiOCl composites were successfully prepared by decorating BiOCl nanosheets on food wastes biochar (C) by a simple hydrolysis strategy. Not only the binary system of tetracycline antibiotics, but also the ternary mixture could be simultaneously photodegraded over 25% C/BiOCl within 15 min irradiation. The improved photocatalytic activities could be ascribed to the introduction of biochar, endowing increased surface area, enhanced separation of photo-generated charge carriers, and better light absorption. The as-prepared 25% C/BiOCl also demonstrated satisfactory stability and positive removal effect in actual water samples. The present work provides new insights into the development of biochar-based photocatalysts for simultaneous degradation of multiple antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, PR China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Lishan Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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Wu Y, Jin X, Liu H, Lv W, Liu G. Synergistic effects of boron nitride quantum dots and reduced ultrathin g-C3N4: dual-channel carrier transfer and band structure regulation boost the photodegradation of fluoroquinolone. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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14
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Niu L, Hu Y, Hu H, Zhang X, Wu Y, Giwa AS, Huang S. Kitchen-waste-derived biochar modified nanocomposites with improved photocatalytic performances for degrading organic contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114068. [PMID: 35973459 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Kitchen-waste-derived biochar (KBC) was produced by thermal treatment at 400 °C, and a series of KBC/BiOX (X = Br, Cl) photocatalysts were developed using ultrasonication and solvothermal treatment. The as-prepared photocatalysts were characterized by several tests and investigated by photocatalytic reactions towards methyl orange (MO) and tetracycline (TC). The best photocatalysts, 0.15KBC/BiOBr and 0.15KBC/BiOCl separately achieved complete MO photodegradation in 20 min and 35 min. Further study confirmed that 0.15KBC/BiOBr and 0.15KBC/BiOCl possessed excellent photocatalytic efficiency that was 17.9 and 14.8 times higher than BiOBr and BiOCl, respectively. In addition, 0.15KBC/BiOX showed higher activity removal of TC than pure BiOX in 60 min. Notably, 0.15KBC/BiOX maintained a reproducible high photocatalytic efficiency after five recycles. Estimated band gap energy for 0.15KBC/BiOBr (2.40 eV) and 0.15KBC/BiOCl (3.00 eV) was considerably lower than that of BiOBr (2.73 eV) and BiOCl (3.30 eV), indicating a delocalized state was created when forming electronic pathways on the interface. Besides, visible-light harvesting of photocatalysts got promoted by the modification of KBC. Active species trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests illustrated that photogenerated holes were the principal active species, while ∙OH was involved in the reaction. The successful synthesis of 0.15KBC/BiOX catalyst provided a new approach on simultaneously degrading organic contaminants in water and disposing of excessive kitchen waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yulu Hu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Heping Hu
- China Water Resources Pearl River Planning Surveying & Designing Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510610, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China.
| | - Yixiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - A S Giwa
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, PR China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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15
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Construction of CuBi2O4/BiOBr/Biochar Z-Scheme Heterojunction for Degradation of Gaseous Benzene Under Visible Light. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Zhang X, Wu Y, Giwa AS, Xiong J, Huang S, Niu L. Improving photocatalytic activity under visible light over a novel food wastes biochar-based BiOBr nanocomposite. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134152. [PMID: 35245591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (C) applied in synthesizing photocatalysts to eliminate water pollution has been intensively investigated. Herein we report the first use of biochar pyrolyzed from food wastes at 400 °C (400C) and 700 °C to construct C/BiOBr composites via a facile hydrolysis approach. Photocatalytic performances could be significantly improved by choosing the appropriate carbonization temperature and adjusting the content of C in C/BiOBr composites. The prepared 1%400C/BiOBr exhibited the best photodegradation capacity towards methylene orange (20 mg/L) and tetracycline (50 mg/L). A series of characterization results illustrated that smooth structure and surface properties (oxygen functional groups and persistent free radicals) of 400C played an important role in enhancing the photocatalytic activities. Mechanism exploration suggested that h+ and ˙O2- were the main active species thus contributing to photodegradation. This study provided a new insight into utilization of biochar derived from food wastes in photocatalysis and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yixiao Wu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | | | - Juxia Xiong
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Lishan Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
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17
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Motamedi M, Yerushalmi L, Haghighat F, Chen Z. Recent developments in photocatalysis of industrial effluents ։ A review and example of phenolic compounds degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133688. [PMID: 35074327 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial expansion and increased water consumption have created water scarcity concerns. Meanwhile, conventional wastewater purification methods have failed to degrade recalcitrant pollutants efficiently. The present review paper discusses the recent advances and challenges in photocatalytic processes applied for industrial effluents treatment, with respect to phenolic compounds degradation. Key operational parameters including the catalyst loading, light intensity, initial pollutants concentration, pH, and type and concentrations of oxidants are evaluated and discussed. Compared to the other examined controlling parameters, pH has the highest effect on the photo-oxidation of contaminants by means of the photocatalyst ionization degree and surface charge. Furthermore, major phenolic compounds derived from industrial sources are comprehensively presented and the applicability of photocatalytic processes and the barriers in practical applications, including high energy demand, technical challenges, photocatalyst stability, and recyclability have been explored. The importance of energy consumption and operational costs for realistic large-scale processes are also discussed. Finally, research gaps in this area and the suggested direction for improving degradation efficiencies in industrial applications are presented. In the light of these premises, selective degradation processes in real water matrices such as untreated sewage are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Motamedi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Laleh Yerushalmi
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Fariborz Haghighat
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, H3G 1M8, Canada.
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18
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Wang L, Li Q, Lu X, Tian Z, He S, Zhang J. A visible light driven 3D hierarchical CoTiO 3/BiOBr direct Z-scheme heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CoTiO3/BiOBr (CTBB) composite displays excellent photocatalytic activity because of the unique nanostructure induced efficient charge separation and transportation in interface of CoTiO3 and BiOBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Zhenfei Tian
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Shiwu He
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, P. R. China
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19
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Qiang C, Li N, Zuo S, Guo Z, Zhan W, Li Z, Ma J. Microwave-assisted synthesis of RuTe2/black TiO2 photocatalyst for enhanced diclofenac degradation: Performance, mechanistic investigation and intermediates analysis. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Dehdar A, Asgari G, Leili M, Madrakian T, Seid-Mohammadi A. Step-scheme BiVO 4/WO 3 heterojunction photocatalyst under visible LED light irradiation removing 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113338. [PMID: 34303937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) using a step-scheme BiVO4/WO3 heterostructure under visible LED light irradiation (Vis LED) from aqueous solutions was investigated. The photocatalyst was synthesized through the hydrothermal process and characterized physically and chemically via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunnauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques. The effects of the operational parameters i.e., solution pH, contact time, nanocomposite dosage, and initial 4-CP concentration were evaluated. Results indicated that BiVO4/WO3/Vis LED process has higher efficiency in 4-CP degradation than BiVO4/Vis LED, WO3/Vis LED, and BiVO4/WO3 systems. At BiVO4/WO3 concentration of 0.125 g/L, initial pH of 7, and initial 4-CP concentration of 25 mg/L, complete degradation of 4-CP (>97%) was achieved in reaction time of 60 min. The phenol, chlorobenzene, catechol, 4-chlorocatechol, 5-chloro-1,2,4-benzenetriol, hydroquinone, hydroxyhydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, o-benzoquinone, formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid were identified as the major intermediates of 4-CP degradation. In optimal condition, 67.5% and 88.5% of TOC and COD removal rates were obtained in 120 min contact time, respectively. The degradation of 4-CP was pseudo-first-order kinetics. Through the use of tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA) and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as radical scavengers, hydroxyl radicals and holes were identified as the main active species in photocatalytic degradation. Also, a tentative pathway for 4-CP degradation using the Vis LED/BiVO4/WO3 process was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehdar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghorban Asgari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center (SDHRC), Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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21
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Adhikari S, Mandal S, Kim DH. 1D/2D constructed Bi 2S 3/Bi 2O 2CO 3 direct Z-Scheme heterojunction: A versatile photocatalytic material for boosted photodegradation, photoreduction and photoelectrochemical detection of water-based contaminants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126263. [PMID: 34111747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, two-dimensional Bi2O2CO3 disk is synthesized, followed by the growth of Bi2S3 over Bi2O2CO3 via topotactic transformation by controlling the amount of thiourea under hydrothermal conditions. The synthesized composite catalyst is investigated for photocatalytic oxidation and reduction of tetracycline hydrochloride and hexavalent chromium under visible light irradiation. High interfacial contact between the Bi2O2CO3 disk0 and Bi2S3 fiber is confirmed via high-resolution microscopic imaging. Enhanced light absorption and increased charge carrier separation is observed after the formation of the Bi2S3/Bi2O2CO3 composite. The Bi2S3/Bi2O2CO3 composite grown using 1 mmol of thiourea shows approximately 98% degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride after 120 min and 99% Cr(VI) reduction after 90 min of photochemical reaction under visible light irradiation. The charge separation is due to the formed internal electric field at the interface, which upon light irradiation follows a z-scheme charge transfer hindering the recombination at the Bi2S3 and Bi2O2CO3 interface, thereby contributing efficiently to the photochemical process. In addition, the mechanism of the photochemical reaction for the degradation of pollutants is supported using quencher and probe experiments. Furthermore, photoelectrochemical detection of antibiotic in aqueous solution is conducted to understand the sensing feasibility of the synthesized system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Adhikari
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Catalyst Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandip Mandal
- School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, GIST, S6 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro (Oryong-dong), Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Heyoung Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Chen Y, Tian H, Zhu W, Zhang X, Li R, Chen C, Huang Y. l-Cysteine directing synthesis of BiOBr nanosheets for efficient cefazolin photodegradation: The pivotal role of thiol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125544. [PMID: 33676252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cefazolin (CFZ) is widely present in the wastewater treatment effluents and in receiving waters and has caused severe impacts to the ecosystem. CFZ degradation by photocatalysis has attracted increasing attention due to its eco-friendly features. Herein, we presented a green synthesis strategy for a highly active BiOBr photocatalyst for CFZ removal with L-cysteine as a directing agent, and the role of thiol in cysteine for facets control and morphology regulation was discussed. We found that the photoactivity of cysteine-induced BiOBr nanosheet was much higher than those prepared by using arginine and glycine as directing agent. Further experiments showed that the cysteine preferentially coordinated Bi3+ with thiol rather than carboxyl. The strong interactions of thiol group with the external surface of the BiOBr crystals stabilize the small crystals that have high surface energy without the cysteine. Such a chemical environment favors forming BiOBr crystalline with small size of high surface area and oriented growth in [110] direction, which facilitates the photogenerated electron-hole separation to achieve significantly promoted photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the cysteine-directed BiOBr nanosheets displayed good photoreactivity to more pollutants (i.e. rhodamine B, cefradine and cefoperazone sodium) and excellent reusability as verified via seven consecutive recycle experiments. The proper photocatalyst dosage (0.4 g/L), relatively acidic water environment (pH 3.4) and high temperature (35 °C) would be beneficial to CFZ photodegrdation by BiOBr. Also, the CFZ photodegradation mechanism and degradation pathway were also proposed by combining radical trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) test with LC-MS analysis in the photocatalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Biology & Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Hailin Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Wenxue Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China; College of Biology & Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiping Li
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China.
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Yingping Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China.
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Gao P, Yang Y, Yin Z, Kang F, Fan W, Sheng J, Feng L, Liu Y, Du Z, Zhang L. A critical review on bismuth oxyhalide based photocatalysis for pharmaceutical active compounds degradation: Modifications, reactive sites, and challenges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125186. [PMID: 33516110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), as a kind of widely used pharmaceutical drugs, has attracted much attention. The bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX)-based photocatalysis can remove PhACs efficiently due to its unique layered structure, optical and electronic properties. Nevertheless, the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the inherent instability of structure have limited its practical application. In order to solve these problems, recent modification studies tend to focus on facet control, elemental doping, bismuth-rich strategies, defect engineering and heterojunction. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the recent developments in multiply modified strategies for PhACs degradation. The synthesis methods, photocatalytic properties and the enhancement mechanism are elaborated. Besides, based on theoretical calculation, the reactive sites of typical PhACs attacked by different reactive oxygen species were also proposed. Subsequently, challenges and opportunities in applications are also featured which include factors, viz., dissolution of halogen ions, instability under visible light, applications of real water/wastewater, intermediates and byproducts toxicity analysis of BiOX-based photocatalysis. Finally, the perspectives of BiOX-based photocatalysis for PhACs photodegradation in actual water applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuning Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ze Yin
- Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization & Development of Water Recourse, Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Department of Water Resource and Environment, Hebei GEO University, No. 136 Huai'an Road, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, PR China
| | - Fengxin Kang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Waner Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jiayi Sheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ziwen Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-Remediation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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24
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Xin S, Ma B, Liu G, Ma X, Zhang C, Ma X, Gao M, Xin Y. Enhanced heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like degradation of tetracycline over CuFeO 2/biochar catalyst through accelerating electron transfer under visible light. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112093. [PMID: 33607559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The visible-light induced heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like (HPF-like) process is regarded as a promising technique for organic pollutants degradation due to its efficient utilization of solar energy and high H2O2 activation activity. This study prepared the CuFeO2/biochar catalysts via hydrothermal technique at no extra reductant and systematically investigated their band structure and photoelectric properties. The dispersed distribution of CuFeO2 particles in CuFeO2/biochar composites narrowed bandgap of CuFeO2 and promoted electron transport of CuFeO2. Compared with CuFeO2, the CuFeO2/biochar containing 1.0 g biochar in the preparation (CuFeO2/biochar-1.0) possessed higher carrier density and longer photoelectron lifetime, which is beneficial to higher catalytic performance. The apparent rate constant for tetracycline as target pollutant degradation by CuFeO2/biochar-1.0 was 2.0 times higher than that by CuFeO2. The acquired optimum conditions for tetracycline degradation were 220 mg L-1 CuFeO2/BC-1.0, 22 mM H2O2 and pH 6.4 using response surface methodology. The quenching experiments and ESR analysis revealed that OH was the predominant active species, and photoelectron and O2- were auxiliary species. The photoelectron could promote in-situ recycling of Cu2+ to Cu+ and Fe3+ to Fe2+, which significantly improved H2O2 activation by CuFeO2. The possible pathway of tetracycline was proposed according to intermediates identified by HPLC/MS. The toxicity analysis demonstrated that the overall toxicity of the identified intermediates was reduced in HPF-like system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Xin
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Bingrui Ma
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Guocheng Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yanjun Xin
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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25
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Song Y, Zhao C, Wang T, Kong Z, Zheng L, Ding H, Liu Y, Zheng H. Simultaneously promoted reactive manganese species and hydroxyl radical generation by electro-permanganate with low additive ozone. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116623. [PMID: 33207290 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel water treatment process combining electrolysis, permanganate and ozone was tested in the laboratory. The combination showed synergistic effects in degrading various organic contaminants (like diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, etc.). A small amount of O3 (1 mg L-1, 60 mL min-1) significantly improved the oxidation and mineralization ability of an electro-permanganate process by generating more reactive manganese species and hydroxyl radicals. The combination required less energy consumption than comparable processes. Mechanism experiments showed that the ·OH involved was mainly generated by cathode reduction, homogeneous manganese catalysis, and heterogeneous manganese catalysis of O3 decomposition. Reactive Mn species were generated by electro-reduction, ·OH oxidation or/and O3 activation. In situ generated Mn (Ⅳ)s plays a vital role in generating ·OH and reactive Mn species. ·OH generated by O3 catalysis could transfer colloid Mn (Ⅳ)s to free Mn (Ⅴ)aq and Mn (Ⅵ) aq. And both the ·OH and RMnS played the dominant role for DCF removal. Increasing permanganate dosage, O3 concentration, the current density, Cl-, or humic acid, and decreasing the pH all enhanced the degradation of diclofenac, but the presence of PO43- or HCO3- inhibited it. Supplementing electrolysis with permanganate and O3 might be a practical, sustainable, and economical technology for treating refractory organics in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Song
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Tuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Zheng Kong
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liushi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Haojie Ding
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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A highly selective photoelectrochemical chloramphenicol aptasensor based on AgBr/BiOBr heterojunction. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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27
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Pereira Lopes R, Astruc D. Biochar as a support for nanocatalysts and other reagents: Recent advances and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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28
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Yao L, Chen Z, Li J, Shi C. Creation of oxygen vacancies to activate lanthanum-doped bismuth titanate nanosheets for efficient synchronous photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) and methyl orange. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Recent Progress in Biochar-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: Synthesis, Mechanisms, and Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) is a carbon-rich material produced from pyrolysis of biomass. In addition to its low toxicity, environmental compatibility, and low cost, BC has the desired advantages of well-developed mesoporous structure and abundant surface functional groups. In recent years, BC-based photocatalysts (BCPs) have played a significant role in many environmental fields. In this paper, we highlight the current progress and several exciting results of BCPs by focusing on their synthesis, characterization, mechanisms, and applications in wastewater treatment. Details on various preparation methods include sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal, ultrasound, calcination, and in situ methods are summarized and discussed. The underlying mechanisms and the applications of BCPs for different semiconductors are reviewed. Furthermore, some future trends and potentials are outlined.
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