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Peng X, Yang T, Guo S, Zhou J, Chen G, Zhu Z, Tan J. Revealing chemical release from plastic debris in animals' digestive systems using nontarget and suspect screening and simulating digestive fluids. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123793. [PMID: 38513944 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Plastic debris in the environment are not only pollutants but may also be important sources of a variety of contaminants. This work simulated kinetics and potential of chemical leaching from plastic debris in animals' digestive systems by incubating polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cord particles in artificial digestive fluids combined with nontarget and suspect screening based on UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS. Impacts of particle size, aging, and digestive fluid were investigated to elucidate mechanisms of chemical leaching. Thousands of chemical features were screened in the leachates of PVC cord particles in the artificial digestive fluids, among which >60% were unknown. Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were the dominant identified CL1 compounds. Finer size and aging of the PVC particles and prolonged incubation time enhanced chemical release, resulting in greater numbers, higher levels, and more complexity in components of the released chemicals. The gastrointestinal fluid was more favorable for chemical leaching than the gastric fluid, with greater numbers and higher levels. Hundreds to thousands of chemical features were screened and filtered in the leachates of consumer plastic products, including food contact products (FCPs) in the artificial bird gastrointestinal fluid. In addition to BPA and DEHP, several novel bisphenol analogues were identified in the leachate of at least one FCP. The results revealed that once plastic debris are ingested by animals, hundreds to thousands of chemicals may be released into animals' digestive tracts in hours, posing potential synergistic risks of plastic debris and chemicals to plastic-ingesting animals. Future research should pay more attentions to identification, ecotoxicities, and environmental fate of vast amounts of unknown chemicals potentially released from plastics in order to gain full pictures of plastic pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangshi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zewen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Tan
- Guangzhou Quality Supervision and Testing Institute, Guangzhou, 510050, China
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2
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Veríssimo SN, Cunha SC, Fernandes JO, Casero M, Ramos JA, Norte AC, Paiva VH. Dynamics and effects of plastic contaminants' assimilation in gulls. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 196:106396. [PMID: 38341982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are persistent disrupters assimilated by organisms, yet little is known about their link to plastic ingestion and health effects. In an experiment, two groups of yellow-legged/lesser black-backed gulls (Larus michahellis/Larus fuscus) were fed plastics with BDE99 to assess leaching into brain, preen oil, liver and fat tissues and evaluate effects on health and stress parameters. Although most plastic was regurgitated, we observed a clear relation between plastic ingestion and chemical leaching. BDE99 exhibited higher levels in brain tissue of gulls from the plastic groups. Also, only values of cholinesterases measured in plasma were significantly reduced in the 'plastic' groups. Cholinesterase activity in the brain also tended to decrease, suggesting a negative effect in gulls' neurofunction. Results indicate that chemical leaching occurs, even when plastics stay in the stomach for a short period of time and showed that this can affect gulls' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Veríssimo
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara C Cunha
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José O Fernandes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Casero
- Wildlife Rehabilitation and Investigation Center (RIAS) - Associação ALDEIA, Ria Formosa Natural Park, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Norte
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vitor H Paiva
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre / ARNET - Aquatic Research Network, Department of Life Sciences, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Liu L, Du R, Niu L, Li P, Li ZH. A Latest Review on Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Aquatic Environment: The Comparative Impact of Size on Environmental Behavior and Toxic Effect. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:36. [PMID: 38353741 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Micro and nanoplastics (MNPs) have attracted growing global research attention due to their distinct environmental impacts, addressing escalating concerns. The diverse materials, sizes, and shapes of MNPs result in a range of environmental impacts. Size, a crucial characteristic of MNPs, influences their environmental behavior, affecting processes like migration, sedimentation, aggregation, and adsorption. Moreover, size modulates the biodistribution and toxicity of MNPs in aquatic organisms. This review delves into the comprehensive impacts of plastic size, with a primary focus on environmental behavior and toxic effects. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the ecological implications of MNP size, laying a foundation for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Renyan Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Linjing Niu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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4
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Zuo L, Li Y, Hou W, Wang F, Feng Y, Zhang Z. Leaching of triphenyl phosphate and tri-n-butyl phosphate from polystyrene microplastics: influence of plastic properties and simulated digestive fluids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:114659-114666. [PMID: 37821736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics have gained considerable attention as a growing environmental problem owing to their potential to serve as vectors for harmful chemicals. However, the leaching of these chemicals from microplastics is unclear. In this study, we investigated the leaching of two organophosphate flame retardants, triphenyl phosphate and tri-n-butyl phosphate, from polystyrene microplastics in simulated digestive fluids and water, and polypropylene microplastics were simultaneously used for comparison with polystyrene microplastics. The results indicated that the first-order kinetic model best explained the leaching process, suggesting that leaching was related to the release of organophosphate flame retardant molecules at the polymer surface. Additionally, the size and crystalline state of the microplastics had a significant effect on the leaching, whereas organophosphate flame retardant content had a minimal impact. Simulated digestive fluids facilitated the leaching to a different extent, and under these influencing conditions, leaching percentages from polystyrene microplastics did not exceed 0.51%. Therefore, leaching from PS microplastics may not be an important source of OPFRs in the environment. However, the release of organophosphate flame retardants can be considerably enhanced with the breakdown of polystyrene microplastics to polystyrene nanoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzi Zuo
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Waner Hou
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiping Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zongyao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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5
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Park J, Choi Y, Kim SD. Distribution and transformation of organophosphate esters in moving bed biofilm reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:6823-6834. [PMID: 36472682 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) uses plastic carriers, called biofilm carrier, to increase their treatment efficiency. Biofilm carrier is made up of plastic, containing the OPEs as flame retardants or plasticizers, so OPEs in biofilm carrier are possible to release from WWTPs to the river. This study investigated the effect of the MBBR process in WWTP on aquatic environments, focusing on OPEs. OPE eluted from the biofilm carrier by leaching test was tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), and the concentration of the effluent compared to the influent was increased in the WWTP of the MBBR process. 3609 mg/day of TCEP would be discharged into the water using the second-order model with rate constant [Formula: see text] = 0.000451 (ng L-1)-1 h-1, which is the most suitable for the leaching concentration of TCEP. It was identified that TCEP in biofilm carrier was transformed into oxidative dechlorinated compounds and oxidative compounds by microorganisms in the bioreactor. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that not only TCEP but also transformation products of TCEP emitted into the water from the MBBR process of WWTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Park
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeowool Choi
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Don Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Environmental Analysis, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Abafe OA, Harrad S, Abdallah MAE. Novel Insights into the Dermal Bioaccessibility and Human Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardant Additives in Microplastics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37450894 PMCID: PMC10373483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we optimized and applied an in vitro physiologically based extraction test to investigate the dermal bioaccessibility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), incorporated as additives in different types of microplastics (MPs), and assess human dermal exposure to these chemicals. The dermal bioaccessibility of PBDEs in polyethylene (PE) MPs was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in polypropylene (PP) MPs. Both log Kow and water solubility influenced the dermal bioaccessibility of PBDEs. For HBCDDs in polystyrene MPs, the dermally bioaccessible fractions were 1.8, 2.0, and 1.6% of the applied dose for α-, β-, and γ-HBCDDs, respectively. MP particle size and the presence of cosmetic formulations (antiperspirant, foundation, moisturizer and sunscreen) influenced the bioaccessibility of PBDEs and HBCDDs in MP matrices at varying degrees of significance. Human exposure to ∑PBDEs and ∑HBCDDs via dermal contact with MPs ranged from 0.02 to 22.2 and 0.01 to 231 ng (kg bw)-1 d-1 and from 0.02 to 6.27 and 0.2 to 65 ng (kg bw)-1 d-1 for adults and toddlers, respectively. Dermal exposure to PBDEs and HBCDDs in MPs is substantial, highlighting for the first time the significance of the dermal pathway as a major route of human exposure to additive chemicals in microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovokeroye A Abafe
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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7
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Liu X, Wang Z, Ren X, Chen X, Tao J, Guan Y, Yang X, Tang R, Yan G. pH-triggered dynamic erosive small molecule chlorambucil nano-prodrugs mediate robust oral chemotherapy. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100832. [PMID: 37583708 PMCID: PMC10423923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the dynamic erosive small molecule nano-prodrug is of great demand for oral chemotherapy, owing to its precise structure, high drug loading and improved oral bioavailability via overcoming various physiologic barriers in gastrointestinal tract, blood circulation and tumor tissues compared to other oral nanomedicines. Herein, this work highlights the successful development of pH-triggered dynamic erosive small molecule nano-prodrugs based on in vivo significant pH changes, which are synthesized via amide reaction between chlorambucil and star-shaped ortho esters. The precise nano-prodrugs exhibit extraordinarily high drug loading (68.16%), electric neutrality, strong hydrophobicity, and dynamic large-to-small size transition from gastrointestinal pH to tumoral pH. These favorable physicochemical properties can effectively facilitate gastrointestinal absorption, blood circulation stability, tumor accumulation, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity, therefore achieving high oral relative bioavailability (358.72%) and significant tumor growth inhibition while decreasing side effects. Thus, this work may open a new avenue for robust oral chemotherapy attractive for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaodie Ren
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xinyang Chen
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jinjin Tao
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuanhui Guan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Rupei Tang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guoqing Yan
- Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
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8
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Lu R, Zhang Y, Guo K, He Z, Yu W, Cao X, Zheng X, Mai B. Organophosphate flame retardants and plastics in soil from an abandoned e-waste recycling site: significant ecological risks derived from plastic debris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58933-58943. [PMID: 36997789 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of 9 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) was determined in plastic debris and soil samples separated from twenty soil samples collected from an abandoned e-waste recycling area. Tris-(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) were the main chemicals, with median concentrations of 124-1930 ng/g and 143-1170 ng/g in soil, and 712-803 ng/g and 600-953 ng/g in plastics, respectively. Plastics contributed less than 10% of the total OPFR mass in bulk soil samples. No apparent OPFR distribution trend was observed in different sizes of plastics and soil. The ecological risks of plastics and OPFRs were estimated by the species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) method, which resulted in lower predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) of TPhP and decabromodiphenyl ether 209 (BDE 209) than the standard values derived from limited toxicity tests. In addition, the PNEC of polyethene (PE) was lower than the plastic concentration in the soil of a previous study. TPhP and BDE 209 had high ecological risks with risk quotients (RQs) > 0.1, and RQ of TPhP was among the highest values in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eco-Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510611, China
| | - Kaiying Guo
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhaowei He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wanmei Yu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xingpei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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9
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Kerric A, Mazerolle MJ, Giroux JF, Verreault J. Halogenated flame retardant exposure pathways in urban-adapted gulls: Are atmospheric routes underestimated? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160526. [PMID: 36471522 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban-adapted gulls can be exposed to flame retardants while foraging in landfills where elevated concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) have frequently been measured in air. However, the contribution of atmospheric exposure has largely been overlooked compared to dietary exposure in birds and other wildlife. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of atmospheric exposure pathways relative to diet for PBDEs and other HFRs in ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) nesting in the densely populated Montreal area (QC, Canada). Miniature passive air samplers (PASs) were deployed on the back of wild-caught ring-billed gulls for ten days. Concentrations of PBDEs and other HFRs were determined in PASs carried by ring-billed gulls as well as their lungs, stomach content, liver, preen oil, and onto the surface of their feathers. We evaluated the atmospheric and dietary exposure routes for the most abundant HFRs in samples using a structural equation model implemented in a Bayesian framework. Results indicated that lung concentrations of BDE-28 increased with its levels in air determined using bird-borne PASs. No association was found between BDE-28 concentrations in lungs and liver, whereas BDE-209 concentrations in liver increased with those in lungs. Moreover, BDE-28 and -47 concentrations in liver increased with those on feather surface, while liver BDE-47 concentrations were also positively related with those in stomach content. These findings suggested that, in addition to dietary exposure, atmospheric exposure pathways through inhalation and co-ingestion during feather maintenance (preening) significantly contribute to the accumulation of PBDEs in liver of ring-billed gulls. Atmospheric exposure to HFRs should therefore be considered in future landfill-foraging wildlife species as a potential exposure route compared to the traditional dietary exposure pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Kerric
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marc J Mazerolle
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt (CEF), Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-François Giroux
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
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10
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Nono Almeida F, Leray C, Boutry J, Ter Halle A, Vittecoq M, Provencher JF, McCoy KD. Changes in plastic ingestion by yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) over the breeding season. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114483. [PMID: 36608475 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Gulls can be particularly vulnerable to ingesting plastics when using anthropogenic food sources, with potential consequences for survival and reproductive success. Although birds are known to switch foraging habitats over the breeding season to provide higher quality food for chick provisioning, it is unclear what this means regarding the ingestion of plastics. Here, we tested whether breeding gulls decrease the amount of plastic ingested during reproduction by collecting pellets from a series of monitored nests at a large yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) colony in southern France. We found at least one plastic item in 83.9 % of the analyzed pellets, with the most abundant plastic type being polyethylene-based sheet plastic. As predicted, we found a slight decrease in the number of plastic items in pellets at chick hatching. These results suggest that gulls, like other birds, may adjust foraging habits to provide more digestible, less risky, food to chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carole Leray
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Justine Boutry
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD, Centre IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandra Ter Halle
- IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Arles, France
| | - Jennifer F Provencher
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karen D McCoy
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier CNRS IRD, Centre IRD, Montpellier, France
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11
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Navarro A, Luzardo OP, Gómez M, Acosta-Dacal A, Martínez I, Felipe de la Rosa J, Macías-Montes A, Suárez-Pérez A, Herrera A. Microplastics ingestion and chemical pollutants in seabirds of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114434. [PMID: 36495613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution constitutes an environmental problem in the Canary Islands nowadays. Nevertheless, studies evaluating the impact of plastics on its avifauna are still scarce. Gastrointestinal tracts of 88 birds belonging to 14 species were studied for the presence of plastics. Moreover, their livers were analyzed for the determination of bromodiphenyl ethers (BDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Among Cory's shearwaters (n = 45), the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion was considerably high (88.89 %). This species had the highest mean value of items (7.22 ± 5.66) and most of them were compatible with lines derived from fishing gear. PCBs and PAHs were detected in all of the samples and OCPs in the great majority of them (98.86 %). Our results highlight the problems that plastic debris (mainly for seabirds) and organic pollutants pose to these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Navarro
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - Octavio Pérez Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - May Gómez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Andrea Acosta-Dacal
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Ico Martínez
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jorge Felipe de la Rosa
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ana Macías-Montes
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Herrera
- Marine Ecophysiology Group (EOMAR), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain
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12
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Zheng X, Wu X, Zheng Q, Mai BX, Qiu R. Transfer of Microplastics in Terrestrial and Aquatic Food Webs: The Impact of E-Waste Debris and Ecological Traits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 57:1300-1308. [PMID: 36577390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Factors affecting the trophic transfer of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems remain to be clarified. Here, we determined the abundances of MPs in multiple terrestrial and aquatic species, including insects, snails, crustaceans, fishes, snakes, birds, and voles, from an abandoned e-waste recycling site. Approximately 80% of MPs were within the size range 20-50 μm. In wildlife, the MP abundances per individual and per body weight were found to be positively and negatively correlated with body weight, respectively. Herein, terrestrial vertebrates, primarily birds, exhibited more complex compositions of polymer types than other organisms owing to the wide foraging areas and diverse food sources. However, according to the MPs modeled and the observed results in bird food chains, MPs do not appear to be preferentially retained in the bird gastrointestinal tract. The species-specific polymer types identified indicate the influences of habitat on MP pollution in organisms, which is further supported by significant correlations between the abundance of MPs and δ13C in the terrestrial food web (p < 0.05). In the analyzed bird species, the low MP abundance detected in birds compared with the amount of food ingested indicates that MPs constitute a negligible factor in the bioaccumulation of chemical pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou510640, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, China
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13
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Rani M, Sillanpää M, Shanker U. An updated review on environmental occurrence, scientific assessment and removal of brominated flame retardants by engineered nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115998. [PMID: 36001915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the extensive manufacturing and use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), they are known to be hazardous, bioaccumulative, and recalcitrant pollutants in various environmental matrices. BFRs make flame-resistant items for industrial purposes (textiles, electronics, and plastics equipment) that are disposed of in massive amounts and leak off in various environmental matrices. The consumption of plastic items has expanded tremendously during the COVID-19 pandemic which has resulted into the increasing load of solid waste on land and water. Some BFRs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDs), are no longer utilized or manufactured owing to their negative impacts, which promotes the utilization of new BFRs as alternatives. BFRs have been discovered worldwide in soil, sludge, water, and other contamination sources. Various approaches such as photocatalysis-based oxidation/reduction, adsorption, and heat treatment have been found to eradicate BFRs from the environment. Nanomaterials with unique properties are one of the most successful methodologies for removing BFRs via photocatalysis. These methods have been praised for being low-cost, quick, and highly efficient. Engineered nanoparticles degraded BFRs when exposed to light and either convert them into safer metabolites or completely mineralize. Scientific assessment of research taking place in this area during the past five years has been discussed. This review offers comprehensive details on environmental occurrence, toxicity, and removal of BFRs from various sources. Degradation pathways and different removal strategies related to data have also been presented. An attempt has also been made to highlight the research gaps prevailing in the current research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manviri Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India.
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, 2028, South Africa
| | - Uma Shanker
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
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14
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Do ATN, Ha Y, Kwon JH. Leaching of microplastic-associated additives in aquatic environments: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119258. [PMID: 35398401 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has attracted significant attention as an emerging global environmental problem. One of the most important issues with microplastics is the leaching of harmful additives. This review summarizes the recent advances in the understanding of the leaching phenomena in the context of the phase equilibrium between microplastics and water, and the release kinetics. Organic additives, which are widely used in plastic products, have been introduced because they have diverse physicochemical properties and mass fractions in plastics. Many theoretical and empirical models have been utilized in laboratory and field studies. However, the partition or distribution constant between microplastics and water (Kp) and the diffusivity of an additive in microplastics (D) are the two key properties explaining the leaching equilibrium and kinetics of hydrophobic organic additives. Because microplastics in aquatic environments undergo dynamic weathering, leaching of organic additives with high Kp and/or low D cannot be described by a leaching model that only considers microplastic and water phases with a fixed boundary. Surface modifications of microplastics as well as biofilms colonizing microplastic surfaces can alter the leaching equilibrium and kinetics and transform additives. Further studies on the release of hydrophobic organic additives and their transformation products under various conditions are required to extend our understanding of the environmental fate and transport of these additives in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh T Ngoc Do
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Ha
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Tolardo V, Magrì D, Fumagalli F, Cassano D, Athanassiou A, Fragouli D, Gioria S. In Vitro High-Throughput Toxicological Assessment of Nanoplastics. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12121947. [PMID: 35745286 PMCID: PMC9230863 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Sub-micrometer particles derived from the fragmentation of plastics in the environment can enter the food chain and reach humans, posing significant health risks. To date, there is a lack of adequate toxicological assessment of the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) in mammalian systems, particularly in humans. In this work, we evaluated the potential toxic effects of three different NPs in vitro: two NPs obtained by laser ablation (polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET1)) and one (PET2) produced by nanoprecipitation. The physicochemical characterization of the NPs showed a smaller size, a larger size distribution, and a higher degree of surface oxidation for the particles produced by laser ablation. Toxicological evaluation performed on human cell line models (HePG2 and Caco-2) showed a higher toxic effect for the particles synthesized by laser ablation, with PC more toxic than PET. Interestingly, on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a conventional intestinal barrier model, none of the NPs produced toxic effects. This work wants to contribute to increase knowledge on the potential risks posed by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tolardo
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (V.T.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Via All’ Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Magrì
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.M.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Francesco Fumagalli
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.M.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Domenico Cassano
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.M.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Athanassia Athanassiou
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (V.T.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Despina Fragouli
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; (V.T.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
| | - Sabrina Gioria
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy; (D.M.); (F.F.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dissolution from Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Long-Acting Implants: Effect of Model Active Ingredient Size and Shape. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061139. [PMID: 35745712 PMCID: PMC9231147 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent pharmaceutical applications, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can be mixed with a polymer material to yield a composite long-acting drug-delivery device. These devices boast higher patient compliance, localized drug delivery, and lower dosage concentrations, which can increase patient safety. As a laboratory-safe option, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was used as a drug surrogate to mimic the release kinetics of a low-solubility API. The release of CaCO3 from a poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA) polymer matrix was studied in ultra-high-purity water. The geometry of CaCO3, along with the manufacturing technique, was manipulated to study the implications on surrogate drug release. It was found that injection molding proved to yield higher burst release, due to higher pressures achievable during manufacturing. The extrusion process can affect the surface concentration of the pharmaceutical ingredient when extruded through a water bath, resulting in a lower initial burst concentration. Regarding CaCO3 geometry, the particle size was more critical than the surface area in terms of CaCO3 release. Larger particles showed a higher release rate, though they also displayed higher variability in release. These data can be used to engineer specific release profiles when designing composite formulations and manufacturing methods for pharmaceutical-drug-delivery applications.
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17
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Toxic Chemicals and Persistent Organic Pollutants Associated with Micro-and Nanoplastics Pollution. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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18
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Luo H, Liu C, He D, Xu J, Sun J, Li J, Pan X. Environmental behaviors of microplastics in aquatic systems: A systematic review on degradation, adsorption, toxicity and biofilm under aging conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126915. [PMID: 34461541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs, < 5 mm) in the environment have attracted worldwide attention due to their wide distribution and difficulty in handling. Aging processes such as UV irradiation, biodegradation, physical abrasion and chemical oxidation can affect the environmental behavior of MPs. This review article summarizes different aging processes of MPs and subsequent effects on the adsorption of pollutants, the leaching of additives, and the toxicity of MPs. In addition, the formation process of biofilm on the surface of MPs and the interactions between biofilm and aged MPs are revealed. MPs can accumulate different environmental pollutants (organic pollutants, heavy metals, microorganisms, etc.) through surface adsorption, pore filling and distribution. Moreover, the aging of MPs affects their adsorption performance toward these pollutants due to a series of changes in their specific surface area and oxygen-containing functional groups. The release of some toxic additives such as phthalates after aging can enhance the toxic effects of MPs. Aging also changes the shape and size of MPs, which can affect the eating habits of the organisms and further increase the potential toxicity of MPs. This article conducts a systematical analysis and summary of the environmental behavior and physicochemical properties of MPs as well as the changes due to MPs aging, which helps to better understand the impact of aging on MPs in the environment. Future research on MPs aging should reduce the knowledge gap between laboratory simulation and actual conditions and increase the environmental relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chenyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Dongqin He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Juan Xu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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19
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Sun B, Zeng EY. Leaching of PBDEs from microplastics under simulated gut conditions: Chemical diffusion and bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118318. [PMID: 34648835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considerable efforts on exposure assessment of microplastics (MPs) as an agent in transport of toxic contaminants have been performed in organisms. However, chemical diffusion of inherent hydrophobic organic contaminants from MPs under simulated gut conditions is poorly examined. The present study examined the transfer kinetics of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and polypropylene (PP) MPs under gut surfactants (sodium taurocholate) at two relevant body temperatures of marine organisms, and evaluated the importance of MP ingestion in bioaccumulation of PBDEs in lugworm by a biodynamic model. Diffusion coefficients of PBDEs range from 5.82 × 10-23 to 7.96 × 10-20 m2 s-1 in PS, 5.49 × 10-23 to 3.45 × 10-20 m2 s-1 in ABS, and 5.58 × 10-21 to 5.79 × 10-17 m2 s-1 in PP, with apparent activation energies in the range of 33-148 kJ mol-1. The biota-plastic accumulation factors of PBDEs leached from these plastics range from 1.44 × 10-8 to 7.15 × 10-5. Although ingestion of MPs with the common size (>0.5 mm) showed the negligible contribution to bioaccumulation of PBDEs in lugworm, their contribution in PBDEs transfer can be increased with gradual breakdown of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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20
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Wu JP, Feng WL, Tao L, Li X, Nie YT, Xu YC, Zeng YH, Luo XJ, Mai BX. Halogenated flame retardants in wild, prey-sized mud carp from an e-waste recycling site in South China, 2006-2016: Residue dynamics and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 291:118270. [PMID: 34601034 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The crude e-waste recycling has been regulated in China since the late 2000s; however, information on the recent levels and the ecological risks of e-waste derived contaminants such as halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in the e-waste sites are limited. We therefore examined the concentrations of several HFRs in wild, prey-sized mud carps collected from a typical e-waste site in 2006, 2011 and 2016, to understand the exposure dynamics and ecological risk of these chemicals. Several ecological and biological parameters including δ15N, δ13C, body size and lipid content of the fish were also examined, to ensure an overall uniformity of the sample set among the sampling years. Among the HFRs measured, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected at the highest concentrations (contributing >90% to ∑HFRs), followed by Dechlorane Plus (DPs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), and alternative brominated flame retardants (ABFRs). The fish concentrations of ∑PBDEs, ∑PBBs and ∑DPs significantly dropped by 65%, 57% and 53% from 2006 to 2011, and 12%, 74% and 51% from 2011 to 2016, respectively; likely reflecting the positive impact of the environmental regulations on crude e-waste recycling. The ∑ABFRs concentrations were also decreased by 80% from 2006 to 2011, but increased by 127% from 2011 to 2016; suggesting possible fresh input of these novel HFRs in recent years. In addition to the changes in the HFR concentrations, contaminant profiles in the fish were also changed, possibly due to environmental degradation of the HFRs. Despite our conservative method of risk assessment, we found that PBDEs posed an important risk both for the mud carp and for piscivorous wildlife that inhabit the e-waste site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Wen-Lu Feng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Lin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - You-Tian Nie
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Ya-Chun Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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21
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Achar JC, Na J, Im H, Jung J. Role of extracellular polymeric substances in leaching and bioconcentration of benzophenone-3 from microplastic fragments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125832. [PMID: 33887569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Adverse effects of microplastics (MPs) are exacerbated by plastic additives such as benzophenone-3 (BP-3). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of Chlorella vulgaris in leaching BP-3 additive (3.0 ± 0.2% wt/wt) from polyethylene MP fragments (99.8 ± 4.1 µm) and subsequent bioconcentration in Daphnia magna. BP-3 leaching in M4 medium was higher at pH 8 than at pH 6, because of the higher solubility of BP-3 (pKa=7.07) at pH 8. However, EPS reduced BP-3 leaching in M4 medium, possibly because of repulsive interactions between the negatively charged EPS and anionic BP-3. Thus, BP-3 leaching was greater at lower pH (6 >8) and EPS concentration (20 >50 mg L-1 as total organic carbon), which was well related to BP-3 sorption capacity of EPS. Although BP-3 uptake in D. magna was decreased at pH 8 by increasing EPS concentration, the bioconcentration of BP-3 in D. magna was increased, possibly because of reduced BP-3 elimination. These findings suggest the important role of EPS in the bioconcentration of anionic plastic additives, which should be further evaluated to understand the underlying toxicokinetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Collince Achar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joorim Na
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoon Im
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Wheeler KE, Chetwynd AJ, Fahy KM, Hong BS, Tochihuitl JA, Foster LA, Lynch I. Environmental dimensions of the protein corona. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:617-629. [PMID: 34117462 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of biomolecules to the surface of engineered nanomaterials, known as corona formation, defines their biological identity by altering their surface properties and transforming the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the particles. In the first decade since the term protein corona was coined, studies have focused primarily on biomedical applications and human toxicity. The relevance of the environmental dimensions of the protein corona is still emerging. Often referred to as the eco-corona, a biomolecular coating forms upon nanomaterials as they enter the environment and may include proteins, as well as a diverse array of other biomolecules such as metabolites from cellular activity and/or natural organic matter. Proteins remain central in studies of eco-coronas because of the ease of monitoring and structurally characterizing proteins, as well as their crucial role in receptor engagement and signalling. The proteins within the eco-corona are optimal targets to establish the biophysicochemical principles of corona formation and transformation, as well as downstream impacts on nanomaterial uptake, distribution and impacts on the environment. Moreover, proteins appear to impart a biological identity, leading to cellular or organismal recognition of nanomaterials, a unique characteristic compared with natural organic matter. We contrast insights into protein corona formation from clinical samples with those in environmentally relevant systems. Principles specific to the environment are also explored to gain insights into the dynamics of interaction with or replacement by other biomolecules, including changes during trophic transfer and ecotoxicity. With many challenges remaining, we also highlight key opportunities for method development and impactful systems on which to focus the next phase of eco-corona studies. By interrogating these environmental dimensions of the protein corona, we offer a perspective on how mechanistic insights into protein coronas in the environment can lead to more sustainable, environmentally safe nanomaterials, as well as enhancing the efficacy of nanomaterials used in remediation and in the agri-food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korin E Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew J Chetwynd
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kira M Fahy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Brian S Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Jose A Tochihuitl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Lilah A Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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23
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Zhang J, Wu X, Guo H, Zheng X, Mai B. Pollution of plastic debris and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in soil from an abandoned e-waste recycling site: Do plastics contribute to (HFRs) in soil? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124649. [PMID: 33261975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site may be a "hotspot" for pollution of plastic debris, which has not been well studied. Eighteen halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were measured in plastics and soil separated from twenty soil samples, respectively, from an abandoned e-waste recycling site. Abundances and concentrations of plastic debris ranged from 600 to 14,200 particles/kg and 0.24-153 mg/g, respectively, which were at the high end in literature. Blue, black, and red were main plastic colors, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was the main type of plastics. Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) 209 was the main chemical, with median concentrations of 6.22-40.6 μg/g in soil and 28.1-47.2 μg/g in plastics, respectively. Contributions of HFRs in plastics were less than 10% in total HFR masses in bulk soil samples. Exposure values to HFRs from plastics via soil ingestion and dermal contact with soil were generally two orders of magnitude lower than those from soil. The results indicate that plastics in soil have little contribution to total HFR burden in soil and human exposure risks to HFRs in this study. However, ecological risks of plastics to terrestrial wildlife in e-waste sites should be paid attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecong Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huiying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Shi Y, Liu P, Wu X, Shi H, Huang H, Wang H, Gao S. Insight into chain scission and release profiles from photodegradation of polycarbonate microplastics. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 195:116980. [PMID: 33684678 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A polycarbonate (BPA-PC) is a kind of widely used engineering plastics. However, excessive usage causes the production of plastic wastes, following property changes of polymers and high risks of released chemicals during outdoor weathering. In this study, we systematically investigated the photoaging behavior of PC microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environment and evaluated the potential risk of released intermediates. Light irradiation along with mechanical abrasion facilitated the fragmentation of PC MPs and stimulated photooxidative modification during 640 h of ultraviolet (UV) exposure. Continuous degradation of the polymer was accompanied with dramatic decline of molecular weight. Also, BPA was released from irradiated PC MPs with a trend of an initial rapid increase followed by a decrease versus the irradiation time, and the maximum concentration of dropped BPA was detected up to 652.80 ± 72.89 μg/g (43.39% and 56.61% respectively in particles and leachates). However, the releasing amount of BPA in the leachate merely occupied 2.7% of the total organic carbon (TOC) leached out, suggesting that a great number of unknown organic products were produced other than BPA. Liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) analysis showed that these organic compounds forming MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs DOM) were partly composed of 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) and methyparaben (MeP), which would also contribute to the estrogenic activity. The degradation pathway of PC MPs was elaborated with the photolysis process of PC dimer and BPA, and the remarkable photoaging of PC MPs was mainly dominated by the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). The findings of this study indicated that understanding the photoaging process of PC MPs was vital to evaluate their integral cumulative estrogenic activity in aquatic environment, and further highlighted the notable possible risks of plastic leachates to exposed biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hexinyue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China.
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Huang D, Tao J, Cheng M, Deng R, Chen S, Yin L, Li R. Microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment: Macroscopic transport and effects on creatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 407:124399. [PMID: 33191019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrial progress has brought us an important polymer material, i.e. plastic. Because of mass production and use, and improper management and disposal, plastic pollution has become one of the most pivotal environmental issues in the world today. However, the current researches on microplastics/nanoplastics are mainly focused on individual aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric environments, ignoring the fact that the natural environment is a whole. In this regard, the transport of microplastics/nanoplastics among the three environment compartments, including reciprocal contributions and inherent connections, and the impact of microplastics/nanoplastics on organisms living in multiple environments are research problems that we pay special attention to. Furthermore, this paper comprehensively reviews the transport and distribution of microplastics/nanoplastics in individual compartments and the toxicity of organisms, either alone or in combination with other pollutants. The properties of microplastics/nanoplastics, environment condition and the growth habit of organisms are critical to the transport, distribution and toxicity of microplastics/nanoplastics. These knowledge gaps need to be addressed urgently to improve cognition of the degree of plastic pollution and enhance our ability to deal with pollution. Meanwhile, it is hoped that the paper can provide a relatively complete theoretical knowledge system and multiple "leads" for future innovative ideas in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlian Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Jiaxi Tao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Rui Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Lingshi Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Ruijin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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26
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Huang W, Song B, Liang J, Niu Q, Zeng G, Shen M, Deng J, Luo Y, Wen X, Zhang Y. Microplastics and associated contaminants in the aquatic environment: A review on their ecotoxicological effects, trophic transfer, and potential impacts to human health. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124187. [PMID: 33153780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The microplastic pollution and related ecological impacts in the aquatic environment have attracted global attention over the past decade. Microplastics can be ingested by aquatic organisms from different trophic levels either directly or indirectly, and transferred along aquatic food chains, causing different impacts on life activities of aquatic organisms. In addition, microplastics can adsorb various environmental chemical contaminants and release toxic plastic additives, thereby serving as a sink and source of these associated chemical contaminants and potentially changing their toxicity, bioavailability, and fate. However, knowledge regarding the potential risks of microplastics and associated chemical contaminants (e.g., hydrophobic organic contaminants, heavy metals, plastic additives) on diverse organisms, especially top predators, remains to be explored. Herein, this review describes the effects of microplastics on typical aquatic organisms from different trophic levels, and systematically summarizes the combined effects of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic biota. Furthermore, we highlight the research progress on trophic transfer of microplastics and associated contaminants along aquatic food chain. Finally, potential human health concerns about microplastics via the food chain and dietary exposure are discussed. This work is expected to provide a meaningful perspective for better understanding the potential impacts of microplastics and associated contaminants on aquatic ecology and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qiuya Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yuan Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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27
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Chen Q, Santos MMD, Tanabe P, Harraka GT, Magnuson JT, McGruer V, Qiu W, Shi H, Snyder SA, Schlenk D. Bioassay guided analysis coupled with non-target chemical screening in polyethylene plastic shopping bag fragments after exposure to simulated gastric juice of Fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123421. [PMID: 32763709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fragments of polyethylene plastic bags were treated with simulated gastric juice of fish for 16 h. Following solid-phase extraction, methanol eluents caused acute toxicity to embryos and larvae of Japanese medaka. Chromatographic fractions (polar to more non-polar with numbers increasing) of the extract were evaluated for toxicity and estrogenic activity using medaka and an estrogen receptor (ER) cell-line. Fractions 6 and 9 had the highest estrogenic effects with relative hydrophobic chemicals. The vtg expression in fraction 6 was 22-fold higher than control, and the ER cellular response in fraction 9 was 8.5-fold higher than controls. Following non-target screening (NTS), several novel phthalates and phenols were identified in the above two fractions. Fractions 1 and 2 appeared to be primarily responsible for the acute toxicity observed with the whole extract. The hatching rate decreased to 36 % in fraction 2, and was not observed following exposure to fraction 1. NTS of these fractions indicated 635 and 808 entities, respectively, most without toxicity information. These results indicate plastic leachates from gastric juices of fish are complex mixtures of many compounds that can have acute reproductive and sublethal endocrine impacts in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Mauricius Marques Dos Santos
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, 637141, Singapore; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Gary T Harraka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Victoria McGruer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water- Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shane A Snyder
- Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-08, 637141, Singapore; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0011, USA
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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28
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Cheng H, Luo H, Hu Y, Tao S. Release kinetics as a key linkage between the occurrence of flame retardants in microplastics and their risk to the environment and ecosystem: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116253. [PMID: 32768659 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The widely occurring debris of plastic materials, particularly microplastics, can be an important source of flame retardants, which are one of the main groups of chemicals added in the production of plastics from polymers. This review provides an overview on the use of flame retardants in plastic manufacturing, the kinetics of their releases from microplastics, the factors affecting their releases, and the potential environmental and ecosystem risk of the released flame retardants. The releases of flame retardants from microplastics typically involve three major steps: internal diffusion, mass transfer across the plastic-medium boundary layer, and diffusion in the environmental medium, while the overall mass transfer rate is commonly controlled by diffusion within the plastic matrix. The overall release rates of additive flame retardants from microplastics, which are dependent on the particle's geometry, can often be described by the Fick's Law. The physicochemical properties of flame retardant and plastic matrix, and ambient temperature all affect the release rate, which can be predicted with empirical and semi-empirical models. Weathering of microplastics, which reduces their particle sizes and likely disrupts their polymeric structures, can greatly accelerate the releases of flame retardants. Flame retardants could also be released directly from the microplastics ingested by aquatic organisms and seabirds, with physical and chemical digestion in the bodies significantly enhancing their release rates. Limited by the extremely slow diffusion in plastic matrices, the fluxes of flame retardants released from microplastics are very low, and are unlikely to pose significant risk to the ecosystem in general. More research is needed to characterize the mechanical, chemical, and biological processes that degrade microplastics and accelerate the releases of flame retardants and to model their release kinetics from microplastics, while efforts should also be made to develop environmentally benign flame retardants to ultimately minimize their risk to the environment and ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefa Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hang Luo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and EvolutioSchool of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu Tao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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