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Pierpaoli M, Jakóbczyk P, Ficek M, Dec B, Ryl J, Rutkowski B, Lewkowicz A, Bogdanowicz R. Tailoring Defects in B, N-Codoped Carbon Nanowalls for Direct Electrochemical Oxidation of Glyphosate and its Metabolites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38967626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Tailoring the defects in graphene and its related carbon allotropes has great potential to exploit their enhanced electrochemical properties for energy applications, environmental remediation, and sensing. Vertical graphene, also known as carbon nanowalls (CNWs), exhibits a large surface area, enhanced charge transfer capability, and high defect density, making it suitable for a wide range of emerging applications. However, precise control and tuning of the defect size, position, and density remain challenging; moreover, due to their characteristic labyrinthine morphology, conventional characterization techniques and widely accepted quality indicators fail or need to be reformulated. This study primarily focuses on examining the impact of boron heterodoping and argon plasma treatment on CNW structures, uncovering complex interplays between specific defect-induced three-dimensional nanostructures and electrochemical performance. Moreover, the study introduces the use of defect-rich CNWs as a label-free electrode for directly oxidizing glyphosate (GLY), a common herbicide, and its metabolites (sarcosine and aminomethylphosphonic acid) for the first time. Crucially, we discovered that the presence of specific boron bonds (BC and BN), coupled with the absence of Lewis-base functional groups such as pyridinic-N, is essential for the oxidation of these analytes. Notably, the D+D* second-order combinational Raman modes at ≈2570 cm-1 emerged as a reliable indicator of the analytes' affinity. Contrary to expectations, the electrochemically active surface area and the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups played a secondary role. Argon-plasma post-treatment was found to adversely affect both the morphology and surface chemistry of CNWs, leading to an increase in sp3-hybridized carbon, the introduction of oxygen, and alterations in the types of nitrogen functional groups. Simulations support that certain defects are functional for GLY rather than AMPA. Sarcosine oxidation is the least affected by defect type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Paweł Jakóbczyk
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Dec
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Bogdan Rutkowski
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Aneta Lewkowicz
- Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
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Sun J, Yu TT, Mirabediny M, Lee M, Jones A, O'Carroll DM, Manefield MJ, Kumar PV, Pickford R, Ramadhan ZR, Bhattacharyya SK, Åkermark B, Das B, Kumar N. Soluble metal porphyrins - Zero-valent zinc system for effective reductive defluorination of branched per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121803. [PMID: 38795548 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Nano zero-valent metals (nZVMs) have been extensively utilized for decades in the reductive remediation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds, owing to their robust reducing capabilities, simple application, and cost-effectiveness. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of information regarding the efficient reductive defluorination of linear or branched per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) using nZVMs as reductants, largely due to the absence of appropriate catalysts. In this work, various soluble porphyrin ligands [[meso‑tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrinato]cobalt(III)]Cl·7H2O (CoTCPP), [[meso‑tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato]cobalt(III)]·9H2O (CoTPPS), and [[meso‑tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrinato]cobalt(II)](I)4·4H2O (CoTMpyP) have been explored for defluorination of PFASs in the presence of the nZn0 as reductant. Among these, the cationic CoTMpyP showed best defluorination efficiencies for br-perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (94%), br-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (89%), and 3,7-Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (60%) after 1 day at 70 °C. The defluorination rate constant of this system (CoTMpyP-nZn0) is 88-164 times higher than the VB12-nZn0 system for the investigated br-PFASs. The CoTMpyP-nZn0 also performed effectively at room temperature (55% for br-PFOS, 55% for br-PFOA and 25% for 3,7-PFDA after 1day), demonstrating the great potential of in-situ application. The effect of various solubilizing substituents, electron transfer flow and corresponding PFASs defluorination pathways in the CoTMpyP-nZn0 system were investigated by both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. SYNOPSIS: Due to the unavailability of active catalysts, available information on reductive remediation of PFAS by zero-valent metals (ZVMs) is still inadequate. This study explores the effective defluorination of various branched PFASs using soluble porphyrin-ZVM systems and offers a systematic approach for designing the next generation of catalysts for PFAS remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tsz Tin Yu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maryam Mirabediny
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew Lee
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Adele Jones
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Denis M O'Carroll
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Michael J Manefield
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Zeno Rizqi Ramadhan
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Saroj Kumar Bhattacharyya
- Solid State and Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052 Australia
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biswanath Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Miserli K, Boti V, Konstantinou I. Analysis of perfluorinated compounds in sewage sludge and hydrochar by UHPLC LTQ/Orbitrap MS and removal assessment during hydrothermal carbonization treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172650. [PMID: 38649038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants have been recognized as important sinks for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) because of their ineffectiveness in removing them reflecting both water and sewage sludge discharge routes. Hydrothermal treatment represents an alternative technology for treating sludge to recover energy and other valuable products. In this study, 15 PFAS were determined in sludge and hydrochar substrates using sonication-solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using LC-Orbitrap-High Resolution-MS/MS. The method was fully validated, exhibiting very good linearity, recoveries in the range of 48 to 126 %, low detection and quantification limits with expanded uncertainty and precision below 32 % and 21.9 %, respectively. The method was applied to sludge samples from the WWTP of Ioannina city (Greece), as well as to hydrothermally treated samples under various conditions. The most abundant PFAS were PFHxA (0.5-38.3 ng g-1) and PFOS (4.4-22.1 ng g-1). Finally, the hydrothermally treated sludge samples spiked with PFAS presented removal efficiencies for total PFAS of 86.9 %, 91.8 % and 95.7 % at three spiking levels namely 10, 50 and 200 ng g-1, respectively. Results indicated that PFCAs were almost completely removed, except for PFOA, while the concentrations of PFSAs increased in the produced hydrochar with the formation of several intermediates, as detected by HR-LC-MS/MS. The results of this study demonstrate the effect of hydrothermal treatment to the fate of PFAS in sewage sludge and contribute for further studies on design and scale up of hydrothermal carbonization technology as a management option for safer disposal of municipal wastewater sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasiliki Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research and Innovation Center, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Ioannis Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, University Research and Innovation Center, University of Ioannina, 45110, Greece.
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Shi L, Leng C, Zhou Y, Yuan Y, Liu L, Li F, Wang H. A review of electrooxidation systems treatment of poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): electrooxidation degradation mechanisms and electrode materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42593-42613. [PMID: 38900403 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of polyfluoroalkyls and perfluoroalkyls (PFAS) represents a significant challenge, and various treatment techniques have been employed with considerable success to eliminate PFAS from water, with the ultimate goal of ensuring safe disposal of wastewater. This paper first describes the most promising electrochemical oxidation (EO) technology and then analyses its basic principles. In addition, this paper reviews and discusses the current state of research and development in the field of electrode materials and electrochemical reactors. Furthermore, the influence of electrode materials and electrolyte types on the deterioration process is also investigated. The importance of electrode materials in ethylene oxide has been widely recognised, and therefore, the focus of current research is mainly on the development of innovative electrode materials, the design of superior electrode structures, and the improvement of efficient electrode preparation methods. In order to improve the degradation efficiency of PFOS in electrochemical systems, it is essential to study the oxidation mechanism of PFOS in the presence of ethylene oxide. Furthermore, the factors influencing the efficacy of PFAS treatment, including current density, energy consumption, initial concentration, and other parameters, are clearly delineated. In conclusion, this study offers a comprehensive overview of the potential for integrating EO technology with other water treatment technologies. The continuous development of electrode materials and the integration of other water treatment processes present a promising future for the widespread application of ethylene oxide technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunpeng Leng
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuping Li
- Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemical Water Pollution Control Technology in Tangshan City, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
- College of Civil and Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China.
- Hebei Industrial Technology Institute of Mine Ecological Remediation, Tangshan, 063000, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Trzcinski AP, Harada KH. Comparison of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) removal in a combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172184. [PMID: 38575007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on three of the most studied PFAS molecules, namely perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). They were compared in terms of their adsorption capacity onto graphite intercalated compound (GIC), a low surface area, highly conductive and cheap adsorbent. The adsorption on GIC followed a pseudo second order kinetics and the maximum adsorption capacity using Langmuir was 53.9 μg/g for PFOS, 22.3 μg/g for PFOA and 0.985 μg/g for PFBS due to electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interactions. GIC was added into an electrochemical oxidation reactor and >100 μg/L PFOS was found to be fully degraded (<10 ng/L) leaving degradation by-products such as PFHpS, PFHxS, PFPeS, PFBS, PFOA, PFHxA and PFBA below 100 ng/L after 5 cycles of adsorption onto GIC for 20 min followed by regeneration at 28 mA/cm2 for 10 min. PFBS was completely removed due to degradation by aqueous electrons on GIC flakes. Up to 98 % PFOA was removed by the process after 3 cycles of adsorption onto GIC for 20 min followed by regeneration at 25 mA/cm2 for 10 min. When PFBS was spiked individually, only 17 % was removed due to poor adsorption on GIC. There was a drop of 3-40 % by treating PFOS, PFOA and smaller sulfonates in a real water matrix under the same electrochemical conditions (20 mA/cm2), but PFOS and PFOA removal percentage were 95 and 68 % after 20 min at 20 mA/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine P Trzcinski
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kouji H Harada
- Department of health and environmental sciences, Graduate school of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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6
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Ali MA, Thapa U, Antle J, Tanim EUH, Aguilar JM, Bradley IM, Aga DS, Aich N. Influence of water chemistry and operating parameters on PFOS/PFOA removal using rGO-nZVI nanohybrid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133912. [PMID: 38447366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Graphene and zero-valent-iron based nanohybrid (rGO-nZVI NH) with oxidant H2O2 can remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) through adsorption-degradation in a controlled aquatic environment. In this study, we evaluated how and to what extent different environmental and operational parameters, such as initial PFAS concentration, H2O2 dose, pH, ionic strength, and natural organic matter (NOM), influenced the removal of PFOS and PFOA by rGO-nZVI. With the increase in initial PFAS concentration (from 0.4 to 50 ppm), pH (3 to 9), ionic strength (0 to 100 mM), and NOM (0 to 10 ppm), PFOS removal reduced by 20%, 30%, 2%, and 6%, respectively, while PFOA removal reduced by 54%, 76%, 11%, and 33% respectively. In contrast, PFOS and PFOA removal increased by 10% and 41%, respectively, with the increase in H2O2 (from 0 to 1 mM). Overall, the effect of changes in environmental and operational parameters was more pronounced for PFOA than PFOS. Mechanistically, •OH radical generation and availability showed a profound effect on PFOA removal. Also, the electrostatic interaction between rGO-nZVI NH and deprotonated PFAS compounds was another key factor for removal. Most importantly, our study confirms that rGO-nZVI in the presence of H2O2 can degrade both PFOS and PFOA to some extent by identifying the important by-products such as acetate, formate, and fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Ali
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Utsav Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Jonathan Antle
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Ehsan Ul Hoque Tanim
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - John Michael Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Ian M Bradley
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
| | - Nirupam Aich
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States.
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7
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Bowden JA, Townsend TG, Solo-Gabriele HM. Evaluation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in landfill liquids from Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Wisconsin. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141719. [PMID: 38513956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PER: and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been measured in aqueous components within landfills. To date, the majority of these studies have been conducted in Florida. This current study aimed to evaluate PFAS concentrations in aqueous components (leachate, gas condensate, stormwater, and groundwater) from four landfills located outside of Florida, in Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Wisconsin (2 landfills). The Pennsylvania landfill also provided the opportunity to assess a leachate treatment system. Sample analyses were consistent across studies including the measurements of 26 PFAS and physical-chemical parameters. For the four target landfills, average PFAS concentrations were 6,900, 22,000, 280, and 260 ng L-1 in the leachate, gas condensate, stormwater, and groundwater, respectively. These results were not significantly different than those observed for landfills in Florida except for the significantly higher PFAS concentrations in gas condensate compared to leachate. For on-site treatment at the Pennsylvania landfill, results suggest that the membrane biological bioreactor (MBBR) system performed similarly as aeration-based leachate treatment systems at Florida landfills resulting in no significant decreases in ∑26PFAS. Overall, results suggest a general consistency across US regions in PFAS concentrations within different landfill liquid types, with the few differences observed likely influenced by landfill design and local climate. Results confirm that leachate exposed to open air (e.g., in trenches or in treatment systems) have lower proportions of perfluoroalkyl acid precursors relative to leachate collected in enclosed pipe systems. Results also confirm that landfills without bottom liner systems may have relatively higher PFAS levels in adjacent groundwater and that landfills in wetter climates tend to have higher PFAS concentrations in leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Chen
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Hekai Zhang
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, United States
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, United States.
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8
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Trzcinski AP, Harada K. Combined adsorption and electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using graphite intercalated compound. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:19946-19960. [PMID: 38367112 PMCID: PMC10927886 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a bioaccumulative synthetic chemical containing strong C-F bonds and is one of the most common per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detected in the environment. Graphite intercalated compound (GIC) flakes were used to adsorb and degrade PFOA through electrochemical oxidation. The adsorption followed the Langmuir model with a loading capacity of 2.6 µg PFOA g-1 GIC and a second-order kinetics (3.354 g µg-1 min-1). 99.4% of PFOA was removed by the process with a half-life of 15 min. When PFOA molecules broke down, they released various by-products, such as short-chain perfluoro carboxylic acids like PFHpA, PFHxA, and PFBA. This breakdown indicates the cleavage of the perfluorocarbon chain and the release of CF2 units, suggesting a transformation or degradation of the original compound into these smaller acids. Shorter-chain perfluorinated compounds had slower degradation rates compared to longer-chain ones. Combining these two methods (adsorption and in situ electrochemical oxidation) was found to be advantageous because adsorption can initially concentrate the PFOA molecules, making it easier for the electrochemical process to target and degrade them. The electrochemical process can potentially break down or transform the PFAS compounds into less harmful substances through oxidation or other reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine P Trzcinski
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Queensland, 4350, Australia.
| | - Kouji Harada
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Szopińska M, Prasuła P, Baran P, Kaczmarzyk I, Pierpaoli M, Nawała J, Szala M, Fudała-Książek S, Kamieńska-Duda A, Dettlaff A. Efficient removal of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from industrial/military wastewater using anodic oxidation on boron-doped diamond electrodes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4802. [PMID: 38413693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55573-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
With growing public concern about water quality particular focus should be placed on organic micropollutants, which are harmful to the environment and people. Hence, the objective of this research is to enhance the security and resilience of water resources by developing an efficient system for reclaiming industrial/military wastewater and protecting recipients from the toxic and cancerogenic explosive compound-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), which has been widely distributed in the environment. This research used an anodic oxidation (AO) process on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode for the TNT removal from artificial and real-life matrices: marine water and treated wastewater. During experiments, TNT concentrations were significantly decreased, reaching the anodic degradation efficiency of above 92% within two hours and > 99.9% after six hours of environmental sample treatment. The presented results show the great potential of AO performed on BDD anodes for full-scale application in the industry and military sectors for TNT removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Prasuła
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220, Zielonka, Poland
| | - Piotr Baran
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220, Zielonka, Poland
| | - Iwona Kaczmarzyk
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Nawała
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Szala
- Military University of Technology, S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudała-Książek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Kamieńska-Duda
- Military Institute of Armament Technology, Wyszyńskiego 7, 05-220, Zielonka, Poland
| | - Anna Dettlaff
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Str., 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland.
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10
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Chen H, Xu H, Zhong C, Liu M, Yang L, He J, Sun Y, Zhao C, Wang D. Treatment of landfill leachate by coagulation: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169294. [PMID: 38110093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a seriously polluted and hazardous liquid, which contains a high concentration of refractory organics, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals, inorganic salts, and various suspended solids. The favorable disposal of landfill leachate has always been a hot and challenging issue in wastewater treatment. As one of the best available technologies for landfill leachate disposal, coagulation has been studied extensively. However, there is an absence of a systematic review regarding coagulation in landfill leachate treatment. In this paper, a review focusing on the characteristics, mechanisms, and application of coagulation in landfill leachate treatment was provided. Different coagulants and factors influencing the coagulation effect were synthetically summarized. The performance of coagulation coupled with other processes and their complementary advantages were elucidated. Additionally, the economic analysis conducted in this study suggests the cost-effectiveness of the coagulation process. Based on previous studies, challenges and perspectives met by landfill leachate coagulation treatment were also put forward. Overall, this review will provide a reference for the coagulation treatment of landfill leachate and promote the development of efficient and eco-friendly leachate treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongni Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials and Carbon Neutralization, School of Materials and Environment, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiaojie He
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Yu H, Zhang P, Chen H, Yao Y, Zhao L, Zhao M, Zhu L, Sun H. Porous polypyrrole with a vesicle-like structure for efficient removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water: Crucial role of porosity and morphology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132748. [PMID: 37839383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a vesicle-like and porous polypyrrole (pPPy) was fabricated by in suit self-template method to efficiently capture per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and the important role of porosity and morphology in PFAS removal was explored. Compared to solid PPy (sPPy), the porosity and vesicle-like morphology of pPPy endowed it with excellent properties such as large specific surface area (108.9 m2/g vs. 22.3 m2/g), suitable pore sizes (17.4 nm), dispersity, and high hydrophilicity, which facilitated mass transfer and enhanced PFAS sorption performance. The estimated sorption capacities of pPPy for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) were 509 mg/g and 532 mg/g, respectively, which were ∼2 times higher than sPPy. Furthermore, pPPy demonstrated PFAS removal of ≥ 90% across a wide pH range (3-9) and varying humic acid concentrations (0-50 mg/L). In actual water matrices, pPPy efficiently removed 12 short-chain (C-F number: 3-6) and long-chain PFASs (>90% removal for major PFASs), outperforming sPPy by ∼1.2-2.5 times. Notably, the enlarged porosity and regular morphology of pPPy significantly enhanced the removal of short-chain PFASs by ∼2 times. The spent pPPy could be regenerated and reused over 5 times. This research provides valuable insights for designing efficient PFAS sorbents by emphasizing control over porosity and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Leicheng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Maoshen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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12
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Uwayezu JN, Ren Z, Sonnenschein S, Leiviskä T, Lejon T, van Hees P, Karlsson P, Kumpiene J, Carabante I. Combination of separation and degradation methods after PFAS soil washing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168137. [PMID: 37890625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study evaluated a three-stage treatment to remediate PFAS-contaminated soil. The treatment consisted of soil washing, foam fractionation (FF), and electrochemical oxidation (EO). The possibility of replacing the third stage, i.e., EO, with an adsorption process was also assessed. The contamination in the studied soils was dominated by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), with a concentration of 760 and 19 μg kg-1 in soil I and in soil II, accounting for 97 % and 70 % of all detected per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Before applying a pilot treatment of soil, soil washing was performed on a laboratory scale, to evaluate the effect of soil particle size, initial pH and a liquid-to-soil ratio (L/S) on the leachability of PFAS. A pilot washing system generated soil leachate that was subsequently treated using FF and EO (or adsorption) and then reused for soil washing. The results indicated that the leaching of PFAS occurred easier in 0.063-1 mm particles than in the soil particles having a size below 0.063 mm. Both alkaline conditions and a continual replacement of the leaching solution increased the leachability of PFAS. The analysis using one-way ANOVA showed no statistical difference in means of PFOS washed out in laboratory and pilot scales. This allowed estimating twenty washing cycles using 120 L water to reach 95 % PFOS removal in 60 kg soil. The aeration process removed 95-99 % PFOS in every washing cycle. The EO and adsorption processes achieved similar results removing up to 97 % PFOS in concentrated soil leachate. The current study demonstrated a multi-stage treatment as an effective and cost-efficient method to permanently clean up PFAS-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Noel Uwayezu
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Zhongfei Ren
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sarah Sonnenschein
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tore Lejon
- Department of Chemistry, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
| | | | | | - Jurate Kumpiene
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ivan Carabante
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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13
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Wilsey MK, Taseska T, Meng Z, Yu W, Müller AM. Advanced electrocatalytic redox processes for environmental remediation of halogenated organic water pollutants. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11895-11922. [PMID: 37740361 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03176d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are widespread, and decades of heavy use have resulted in global bioaccumulation and contamination of the environment, including water sources. Here, we introduce the most common halogenated organic water pollutants, their classification by type of halogen (fluorine, chlorine, or bromine), important policies and regulations, main applications, and environmental and human health risks. Remediation techniques are outlined with particular emphasis on carbon-halogen bond strengths. Aqueous advanced redox processes are discussed, highlighting mechanistic details, including electrochemical oxidations and reductions of the water-oxygen system, and thermodynamic potentials, protonation states, and lifetimes of radicals and reactive oxygen species in aqueous electrolytes at different pH conditions. The state of the art of aqueous advanced redox processes for brominated, chlorinated, and fluorinated organic compounds is presented, along with reported mechanisms for aqueous destruction of select PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). Future research directions for aqueous electrocatalytic destruction of organohalogens are identified, emphasizing the crucial need for developing a quantitative mechanistic understanding of degradation pathways, the improvement of analytical detection methods for organohalogens and transient species during advanced redox processes, and the development of new catalysts and processes that are globally scalable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine K Wilsey
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Teona Taseska
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
| | - Wanqing Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Astrid M Müller
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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14
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Ozaki N, KarimiDermani B, Razmi E, Kasmuri N. Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environments and their removal by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138666. [PMID: 37068615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), one of the main categories of emerging contaminants, are a family of fluorinated organic compounds of anthropogenic origin. PFAS can endanger the environment and human health because of their wide application in industries, long-term persistence, unique properties, and bioaccumulation potential. This study sought to explain the accumulation of different PFAS in water bodies. In aquatic environments, PFAS concentrations range extensively from <0.03 (groundwater; Melbourne, Australia) to 51,000 ng/L (Groundwater, Sweden). Additionally, bioaccumulation of PFAS in fish and water biota has been stated to range from 0.2 (Burbot, Lake Vättern, Sweden) to 13,900 ng/g (Bluegill samples, U.S.). Recently, studies have focused on PFAS removal from aqueous solutions; one promising technique is advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including microwaves, ultrasound, ozonation, photocatalysis, UV, electrochemical oxidation, the Fenton process, and hydrogen peroxide-based and sulfate radical-based systems. The removal efficiency of PFAS ranges from 3% (for MW) to 100% for UV/sulfate radical as a hybrid reactor. Therefore, a hybrid reactor can be used to efficiently degrade and remove PFAS. Developing novel, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable AOPs for PFAS degradation in water treatment systems is a critical area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Noriatsu Ozaki
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Bahareh KarimiDermani
- Department of Geological Sciences, Hydrogeology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Elham Razmi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norhafezah Kasmuri
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Liang J, Guo L, Xiang B, Wang X, Tang J, Liu Y. Research Updates on the Mechanism and Influencing Factors of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water Environments. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114489. [PMID: 37298966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid is ubiquitous in water bodies and is detrimental to the health of organisms. Effectively removing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant, has been a hot topic around the world. With traditional physical, chemical, and biological methods, it is difficult to effectively and completely remove PFOA, the costs are high, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution. There are difficulties in applying some technologies. Therefore, more efficient and green degradation technologies have been sought. Photochemical degradation has been shown to be a low-cost, efficient, and sustainable technique for PFOA removal from water. Photocatalytic degradation technology offers great potential and prospects for the efficient degradation of PFOA. Most studies on PFOA have been conducted under ideal laboratory conditions at concentrations that are higher than those detected in real wastewater. This paper summarizes the research status of the photo-oxidative degradation of PFOA, and it summarizes the mechanism and kinetics of PFOA degradation in different systems, as well as the influence of key factors on the photo-oxidative degradation and defluoridation process, such as system pH, photocatalyst concentration, etc. PFOA photodegradation technology's existing problems and future work directions are also presented. This review provides a useful reference for future research on PFOA pollution control technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Microbial Research Institute of Liaoning Province, Chaoyang 122000, China
| | - Biao Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Xueyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Jiaxi Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, 47 Zhonghua Road, Xihe District, Fuxin 123000, China
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16
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Najafinejad MS, Chianese S, Fenti A, Iovino P, Musmarra D. Application of Electrochemical Oxidation for Water and Wastewater Treatment: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104208. [PMID: 37241948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the discharge of various emerging pollutants, chemicals, and dyes in water and wastewater has represented one of the prominent human problems. Since water pollution is directly related to human health, highly resistant and emerging compounds in aquatic environments will pose many potential risks to the health of all living beings. Therefore, water pollution is a very acute problem that has constantly increased in recent years with the expansion of various industries. Consequently, choosing efficient and innovative wastewater treatment methods to remove contaminants is crucial. Among advanced oxidation processes, electrochemical oxidation (EO) is the most common and effective method for removing persistent pollutants from municipal and industrial wastewater. However, despite the great progress in using EO to treat real wastewater, there are still many gaps. This is due to the lack of comprehensive information on the operating parameters which affect the process and its operating costs. In this paper, among various scientific articles, the impact of operational parameters on the EO performances, a comparison between different electrochemical reactor configurations, and a report on general mechanisms of electrochemical oxidation of organic pollutants have been reported. Moreover, an evaluation of cost analysis and energy consumption requirements have also been discussed. Finally, the combination process between EO and photocatalysis (PC), called photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), has been discussed and reviewed briefly. This article shows that there is a direct relationship between important operating parameters with the amount of costs and the final removal efficiency of emerging pollutants. Optimal operating conditions can be achieved by paying special attention to reactor design, which can lead to higher efficiency and more efficient treatment. The rapid development of EO for removing emerging pollutants from impacted water and its combination with other green methods can result in more efficient approaches to face the pressing water pollution challenge. PEC proved to be a promising pollutants degradation technology, in which renewable energy sources can be adopted as a primer to perform an environmentally friendly water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simeone Chianese
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Angelo Fenti
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Iovino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Dino Musmarra
- Department of Engineering, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
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17
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Lu J, Lu H, Liang D, Feng S, Li Y, Li J. A review of the occurrence, transformation, and removal technologies for the remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138824. [PMID: 37164196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that pose significant environmental and human health risks. The presence of PFAS in landfill leachate is becoming an increasingly concerning issue. This article presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge and research gaps in monitoring and removing PFAS from landfill leachate. The focus is on evaluating the effectiveness and sustainability of existing removal technologies, and identifying areas where further research is needed. To achieve this goal, the paper examines the existing technologies for monitoring and treating PFAS in landfill leachate. The review emphasizes the importance of sample preparation techniques and quality assurance/quality control measures in ensuring accurate and reliable results. Then, this paper reviewed the existing technologies for removal and remediation of PFAS in landfill leachates, such as adsorption, membrane filtration, photocatalytic oxidation, electrocatalysis, biodegradation, and constructed wetlands. Additionally, the paper summarizes the factors that exhibit the performance of various treatment technologies: reaction time, experimental conditions, and removal rates. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the potential application of different remediation technologies (i.e., adsorption, membrane filtration, photocatalytic oxidation, electrocatalysis, biodegradation, and constructed wetlands, etc.) in treating landfill leachate containing PFAS and its precursors, such as fluorotelomeres like FTOH and FTSs. The review highlights the importance of considering economic, technical, and environmental factors when selecting control measures. Overall, this article aims to provide guidance for promoting environmental protection and sustainable development in the context of PFAS contamination in landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, 061100, China.
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Dongzhe Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - SanSan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yao Li
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, 061100, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- College of Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Cangzhou, 061100, China
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18
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Yakamercan E, Bhatt P, Aygun A, Adesope AW, Simsek H. Comprehensive understanding of electrochemical treatment systems combined with biological processes for wastewater remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 330:121680. [PMID: 37149253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of toxic pollutants in wastewater discharge can affect the environment negatively due to presence of the organic and inorganic contaminants. The application of the electrochemical process in wastewater treatment is promising, specifically in treating these harmful pollutants from the aquatic environment. This review focused on recent applications of the electrochemical process for the remediation of such harmful pollutants from aquatic environments. Furthermore, the process conditions that affect the electrochemical process performance are evaluated, and the appropriate treatment processes are suggested according to the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants. Electrocoagulation, electrooxidation, and electro-Fenton applications in wastewater have shown effective performance with high removal rates. The disadvantages of these processes are the formation of toxic intermediate metabolites, high energy consumption, and sludge generation. To overcome such disadvantages combined ecotechnologies can be applied in large-scale wastewater pollutants removal. The combination of electrochemical and biological treatment has gained importance, increased removal performance remarkably, and decreased operational costs. The critical discussion with depth information in this review could be beneficial for wastewater treatment plant operators throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yakamercan
- Department Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Ahmet Aygun
- Department Environmental Engineering Department, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkiye
| | - Adedolapo W Adesope
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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19
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Smith SJ, Lauria M, Ahrens L, McCleaf P, Hollman P, Bjälkefur Seroka S, Hamers T, Arp HPH, Wiberg K. Electrochemical Oxidation for Treatment of PFAS in Contaminated Water and Fractionated Foam-A Pilot-Scale Study. ACS ES&T WATER 2023; 3:1201-1211. [PMID: 37090120 PMCID: PMC10111409 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent synthetic contaminants that are present globally in water and are exceptionally difficult to remove during conventional water treatment processes. Here, we demonstrate a practical treatment train that combines foam fractionation to concentrate PFAS from groundwater and landfill leachate, followed by an electrochemical oxidation (EO) step to degrade the PFAS. The study combined an up-scaled experimental approach with thorough characterization strategies, including target analysis, PFAS sum parameters, and toxicity testing. Additionally, the EO kinetics were successfully reproduced by a newly developed coupled numerical model. The mean total PFAS degradation over the designed treatment train reached 50%, with long- and short-chain PFAS degrading up to 86 and 31%, respectively. The treatment resulted in a decrease in the toxic potency of the water, as assessed by transthyretin binding and bacterial bioluminescence bioassays. Moreover, the extractable organofluorine concentration of the water decreased by up to 44%. Together, these findings provide an improved understanding of a promising and practical approach for on-site remediation of PFAS-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J. Smith
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Melanie Lauria
- Department
of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius Väg 8, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip McCleaf
- Uppsala
Water and Waste AB, P.O. Box 1444, SE-751 44 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Timo Hamers
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Peter H. Arp
- Norwegian
Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box
3930, Ullevål Stadion, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Karin Wiberg
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Mirabediny M, Sun J, Yu TT, Åkermark B, Das B, Kumar N. Effective PFAS degradation by electrochemical oxidation methods-recent progress and requirement. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138109. [PMID: 36787844 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in water is of global concern due to their high stability and toxicity even at very low concentrations. There are several technologies for the remediation of PFASs, but most of them are inadequate either due to limited effectiveness, high cost, or production of a large amount of sludge. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) technology shows great potential for large-scale application in the degradation of PFASs due to its simple procedure, low loading of chemicals, and least amount of waste. Here, we have reviewed the recent progress in EO methods for PFAS degradation, focusing on the last 10 years, to explore an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally benign remediation technology. The effects of important parameters (e.g., anode material, current density, solution pH, electrolyte, plate distance, and electrical connector type) are summarized and evaluated. Also, the energy consumption, the consequence of different PFASs functional groups, and water matrices are discussed to provide an insight that is pivotal for developing new EO materials and technologies. The proposed degradation pathways of shorter-chain PFAS by-products during EO of PFAS are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirabediny
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Tsz Tin Yu
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biswanath Das
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, 2052, Australia.
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21
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Luo Y, Khoshyan A, Al Amin M, Nolan A, Robinson F, Fenstermacher J, Niu J, Megharaj M, Naidu R, Fang C. Ultrasound-enhanced Magnéli phase Ti 4O 7 anodic oxidation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) towards remediation of aqueous film forming foams (AFFF). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160836. [PMID: 36521599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) remediation is still a challenge. In this study, we propose a hybrid system that combines electrochemical treatment with ultrasound irradiation, aiming for an enhanced degradation of PFAS. Equipped with a titanium suboxide (Ti4O7) anode, the electrochemical cell is able to remove perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) effectively. Under the optimal conditions (50 mA/cm2 current density, 0.15 M Na2SO4 supporting electrolyte, and stainless steel/Ti4O7/stainless steel electrode configuration with a gap of ∼10 mm), the electrochemical process achieves ∼100 % PFOA removal and 43 % defluorination after 6 h. Applying ultrasound irradiation (130 kHz) alone offers a limited PFOA removal, with 33 % PFOA removal and 5.5 % defluorination. When the electrochemical process is combined with ultrasound irradiation, we observe a significant improvement in the remediation performance, with ∼100 % PFOA removal and 63.5 % defluorination, higher than the sum of 48.5 % (43 % achieved by the electrochemical process, plus 5.5 % by the ultrasound irradiation), implying synergistic removal/oxidation effects. The hybrid system also consistently shows the synergistic defluorination during degradation of other PFAS and the PFAS constituents in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF). We attribute the synergistic effect to an activated/cleaned electrode surface, improved mass transfer, and enhanced production of radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Luo
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ashkan Khoshyan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Md Al Amin
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Annette Nolan
- Ramboll Australia, The Junction, NSW 2291, Australia
| | | | | | - Junfeng Niu
- Suzhou institute of North China Electric Power University, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Mallavarapu Megharaj
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Cheng Fang
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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22
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Sivagami K, Sharma P, Karim AV, Mohanakrishna G, Karthika S, Divyapriya G, Saravanathamizhan R, Kumar AN. Electrochemical-based approaches for the treatment of forever chemicals: Removal of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160440. [PMID: 36436638 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical based approaches for the treatment of recalcitrant water borne pollutants are known to exhibit superior function in terms of efficiency and rate of treatment. Considering the stability of Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are designated as forever chemicals, which generating from various industrial activities. PFAS are contaminating the environment in small concentrations, yet exhibit severe environmental and health impacts. Electro-oxidation (EO) is a recent development that treats PFAS, in which different reactive species generates at anode due to oxidative reaction and reductive reactions at the cathode. Compared to water and wastewater treatment methods those being implemented, electrochemical approaches demonstrate superior function against PFAS. EO completely mineralizes (almost 100 %) non-biodegradable organic matter and eliminate some of the inorganic species, which proven as a robust and versatile technology. Electrode materials, electrolyte concentration pH and the current density applying for electrochemical processes determine the treatment efficiency. EO along with electrocoagulation (EC) treats PFAS along with other pollutants from variety of industries showed highest degradation of 7.69 mmol/g of PFAS. Integrated approach with other processes was found to exhibit improved efficiency in treating PFAS using several electrodes boron-doped diamond (BDD), zinc, titanium and lead based with efficiency the range of 64 to 97 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sivagami
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India.
| | - Pranshu Sharma
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Ansaf V Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunda Mohanakrishna
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubli 580031, India.
| | - S Karthika
- Industrial Ecology Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - G Divyapriya
- Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholar, Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Saravanathamizhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C. College of Technology, Anna University, India
| | - A Naresh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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23
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Bose R, Spulber S, Ceccatelli S. The Threat Posed by Environmental Contaminants on Neurodevelopment: What Can We Learn from Neural Stem Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054338. [PMID: 36901772 PMCID: PMC10002364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemicals may pose a greater risk to vulnerable groups, including pregnant women, fetuses, and children, that may lead to diseases linked to the toxicants' target organs. Among chemical contaminants, methylmercury (MeHg), present in aquatic food, is one of the most harmful to the developing nervous system depending on time and level of exposure. Moreover, certain man-made PFAS, such as PFOS and PFOA, used in commercial and industrial products including liquid repellants for paper, packaging, textile, leather, and carpets, are developmental neurotoxicants. There is vast knowledge about the detrimental neurotoxic effects induced by high levels of exposure to these chemicals. Less is known about the consequences that low-level exposures may have on neurodevelopment, although an increasing number of studies link neurotoxic chemical exposures to neurodevelopmental disorders. Still, the mechanisms of toxicity are not identified. Here we review in vitro mechanistic studies using neural stem cells (NSCs) from rodents and humans to dissect the cellular and molecular processes changed by exposure to environmentally relevant levels of MeHg or PFOS/PFOA. All studies show that even low concentrations dysregulate critical neurodevelopmental steps supporting the idea that neurotoxic chemicals may play a role in the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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24
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Marquínez-Marquínez AN, Loor-Molina NS, Quiroz-Fernández LS, Maddela NR, Luque R, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. Recent advances in the remediation of perfluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated contaminated sites. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115152. [PMID: 36572331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are compounds used since 1940 in various formulations in the industrial and consumer sectors due to their high chemical and thermal stability. In recent years, PFASs have caused global concern due to their presence in different water and soil matrices, which threatens the environment and human health. These compounds have been reported to be linked to the development of serious human diseases, including but not limited to cancer. For this reason, PFASs have been considered as persistent organic compounds (COPs) and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Therefore, this work aims to present the advances in remediation of PFASs-contaminated soil and water by addressing the current literature. The performance and characteristics of each technique were addressed deeply in this work. The reviewed literature found that PFASs elimination studies in soil and water were carried out at a laboratory and pilot-scale in some cases. It was found that ball milling, chemical oxidation and thermal desorption are the most efficient techniques for the removal of PFASs in soils, however, phyto-microbial remediation is under study, which claims to be a promising technique. For the remediation of PFASs-contaminated water, the processes of electrocoagulation, membrane filtration, ozofractionation, catalysis, oxidation reactions - reduction, thermolysis and destructive treatments with plasma have presented the best results. It is noteworthy that hybrid treatments have also proved to be efficient techniques in the removal of these contaminants from soil and water matrices. Therefore, the improvisation and implication of existing techniques on a field-scale are greatly warranted to corroborate the yields obtained on a pilot- and laboratory-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Noe Marquínez-Marquínez
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
| | - Nikolt Stephanie Loor-Molina
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
| | | | - Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130105, Ecuador.
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Cordoba, Spain; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
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25
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Li Z, Luo ZM, Huang Y, Wang JW, Ouyang G. Recent trends in degradation strategies of PFOA/PFOS substitutes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137653. [PMID: 36581124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global elimination and restriction of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), respectively, have urged manufacturers to shift production to their substitutes which still pose threat to the environment with their bioaccumulation, toxicity and migration issues. In this context, efficient technologies and systematic mechanistic studies on the degradation of PFOA/PFOS substitutes are highly desirable. In this review, we summarize the progress in degrading PFOA/PFOS substitutes, including four kinds of mainstream methods. The pros and cons of the present technologies are analyzed, which renders the discussion of future prospects on rational optimizations. Additional discussion is made on the differences in the degradation of various kinds of substitutes, which is compared to the PFOA/PFOS and derives designing principles for more degradable F-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizi Li
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhi-Mei Luo
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yanjun Huang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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26
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Szopińska M, Ryl J, Pierpaoli M. Closing the loop: Upcycling secondary waste materials into nanoarchitectured carbon composites for the electrochemical degradation of pharmaceuticals. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137631. [PMID: 36565758 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated the application of electrochemical oxidation as a safer and cleaner technology for minimizing the impact of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters, simultaneously mediated by upcycled secondary waste materials (SWMs)-derived electrodes, to further reduce their environmental impact. The modularity, scalability, ease of operation and reliability make electrochemical oxidation an ideal process for the destruction of emerging persistent pollutants; however, their full-scale application is hindered by energy efficiency and the potential release of toxic by-products. Thus, the answer to these issues can be found in the design of tailored multifunctional electrode material. For the first time, SWMs derived from combustion and industrial processes have been employed with the simultaneous dual function of functional fillers, in a polyacrylonitrile fibrous matrix, and as a catalyst for the growth of carbon nanofeatures over the fiber surface, to increase the surface area and charge transfer. Next, the tailored composites were employed as anodes for the electrochemical oxidation of acetaminophen, both in phosphate buffer and in a real wastewater sample. The results suggest that SWMs can substitute costly engineered fillers in carbon-based electrodes and that the absence of reaction by-products (monitored by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS), together with the low energy consumption, make the tailored fibrous composite electrodes good candidates for the development of safer and cleaner technologies with reduced environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Division of Electrochemistry and Surface Physical Chemistry, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, 11/12 Narutowicza St., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
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27
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Zhang M, Zhao X, Zhao D, Soong TY, Tian S. Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Landfills: Occurrence, Transformation and Treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 155:162-178. [PMID: 36379166 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Landfills have served as the final repository for > 50 % municipal solid wastes in the United States. Because of their widespread uses and persistence in the environment, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (>4000 on the global market) are ubiquitously present in everyday consumer, commercial and industrial products, and have been widely detected in both closed (tens ng/L) and active (thousands to ten thousands ng/L) landfills due to disposal of PFAS-containing materials. Along with the decomposition of wastes in-place, PFAS can be transformed and released from the wastes into leachate and landfill gas. Consequently, it is critical to understand the occurrence and transformation of PFAS in landfills and the effectiveness of landfills, as a disposal alternative, for long-term containment of PFAS. This article presents a state-of-the-art review on the occurrence and transformation of PFAS in landfills, and possible effect of PFAS on the integrity of modern liner systems. Based on the data published from 10 countries (250 + landfills), C4-C7 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids were found predominant in the untreated landfill leachate and neutral PFAS, primarily fluorotelomer alcohols, in landfill air. The effectiveness and limitations of the conventional leachate treatment technologies and emerging technologies were also evaluated to address PFAS released into the leachate. Among conventional technologies, reverse osmosis (RO) may achieve a high removal efficiency of 90-100 % based on full-scale data, which, however, is vulnerable to the organic fouling and requires additional disposal of the concentrate. Implications of these knowledge on PFAS management at landfills are discussed and major knowledge gaps are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 34705 W 12 Mile Rd Suite 230, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, USA.
| | - Xianda Zhao
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 34705 W 12 Mile Rd Suite 230, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, USA
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
| | - Te-Yang Soong
- CTI and Associates, Inc., 34705 W 12 Mile Rd Suite 230, Farmington Hills, MI 48331, USA
| | - Shuting Tian
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn AL 36849, USA; Institute of Environmental Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
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28
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Removal of perfluorinated compounds at environmentally relevant concentrations on non-equivalent dual sites regulated by single-atom-strengthened biochar. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Bowden JA, Tolaymat TM, Townsend TG, Solo-Gabriele HM. Concentrations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances before and after full-scale landfill leachate treatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 153:110-120. [PMID: 36084369 PMCID: PMC10463282 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many consumer and industrial products, industrial wastes and dewatered sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are disposed of in landfills at the end of their usage, with PFAS in these products leached into landfill leachates. On-site leachate treatment is one possible method to reduce PFAS in leachates. Many landfills are equipped with on-site leachate treatment systems, but few full-scale facilities have been systematically evaluated for PFAS concentration changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate a cross-section of full-scale on-site landfill treatment systems to measure changes in PFAS concentrations. Leachate samples were collected before and after treatment from 15 facilities and were evaluated for 26 PFAS, including 11 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), 7 perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), and 8 perfluoroalkyl acid precursors (PFAA-precursors). Transformation of precursors was evaluated by the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay. Results showed no obvious reductions in total measured PFAS (∑26PFAS) for on-site treatment systems including ponds, aeration tanks, powdered activated carbon (PAC), and sand filtration. Among evaluated on-site treatment systems, only systems fitted with reverse osmosis (RO) showed significant reductions (98-99 %) of ∑26PFAS in the permeate. Results from the TOP assay showed that untargeted PFAA-precursors converted into targeted short-chain PFCAs increasing ∑26PFAS in oxidized samples by 30 %, on average. Overall, results of this study confirm the efficacy of RO systems and suggest the presence of additional precursors beyond those measured in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Chen
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Hekai Zhang
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Yalan Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - John A Bowden
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Thabet M Tolaymat
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, United States
| | - Timothy G Townsend
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Helena M Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
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30
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Chen Z, Wang X, Feng H, Chen S, Niu J, Di G, Kujawski D, Crittenden JC. Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid: Mechanisms and Process Optimization with Kinetic Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14409-14417. [PMID: 36173643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are promising technologies for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) degradation, but the mechanisms and preferred pathways for PFOA mineralization remain unknown. Herein, we proposed a plausible primary pathway for electrochemical PFOA mineralization using density functional theory (DFT) simulations and experiments. We neglected the unique effects of the anode surface and treated anodes as electron sinks only to acquire a general pathway. This was the essential first step toward fully revealing the primary pathway applicable to all anodes. Systematically exploring the roles of valence band holes (h+), hydroxyl radicals (HO•), and H2O, we found that h+, whose contribution was previously underestimated, dominated PFOA mineralization. Notably, the primary pathway did not generate short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), which were previously thought to be the main degradation intermediates, but generated other polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) that were rapidly degraded upon formation. Also, we developed a simplified kinetic model, which considered all of the main processes (mass transfer with electromigration included, surface adsorption/desorption, and oxidation on the anode surface), to simulate PFOA degradation in EAOPs. Our model can predict PFOA concentration profiles under various current densities, initial PFOA concentrations, and flow velocities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefang Chen
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, United States
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Hualiang Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Guanglan Di
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, P. R. China
| | - David Kujawski
- Refinery Water Engineering & Associates, Hydrocarbon Processing Water & Waste Technology, Inc., 15634 Wallisville Road, Houston, Texas 77042, United States
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30308, United States
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31
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de Freitas Araújo KC, Vieira dos Santos E, Pierpaoli M, Ficek M, Santos JEL, Martínez-Huitle CA, Bogdanowicz R. Diamondized carbon nanoarchitectures as electrocatalytic material for sulfate-based oxidizing species electrogeneration. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Wilk BK, Szopińska M, Sobaszek M, Pierpaoli M, Błaszczyk A, Luczkiewicz A, Fudala-Ksiazek S. Electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate using boron-doped diamond anodes: pollution degradation rate, energy efficiency and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:65625-65641. [PMID: 35501433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19915-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO), due to high efficiency and small carbon footprint, is regarded as an attractive option for on-site treatment of highly contaminated wastewater. This work shows the effectiveness of EO using three boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) in sustainable management of landfill leachate (LL). The effect of the applied current density (25-100 mA cm-2) and boron doping concentration (B/C ratio: 500 ppm, 10,000 ppm and 15,000 ppm) on the performance of EO was investigated. It was found that, of the electrodes used, the one most effective at COD, BOD20 and ammonia removal (97.1%, 98.8% and 62%, respectively) was the electrode with the lowest boron doping. Then, to better elucidate the ecological role of LLs, before and after EO, cultivation of faecal bacteria and microscopic analysis of total (prokaryotic) cell number, together with ecotoxicity assay (Daphnia magna, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia salina) were combined for the two better-performing electrodes. The EO process was very effective at bacterial cell inactivation using each of the two anodes, even within 2 h of contact time. In a complex matrix of LLs, this is probably a combined effect of electrogenerated oxidants (hydroxyl radicals, active chlorine and sulphate radicals), which may penetrate into the bacterial cells and/or react with cellular components. The toxicity of EO-treated LLs proved to be lower than that of raw ones. Since toxicity drops with increased boron doping, it is believed that appropriate electrolysis parameters can diminish the toxicity effect without compromising the nutrient-removal and disinfection capability, although salinity of LLs and related multistep-oxidation pathways needs to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krystyna Wilk
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Szopińska
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Sobaszek
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Mattia Pierpaoli
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Aneta Luczkiewicz
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Fudala-Ksiazek
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
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Li C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Huang Q. Electrochemical oxidation combined with UV irradiation for synergistic removal of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129091. [PMID: 35569375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of electrochemical degradation on Magnéli phase Ti4O7 anode combined with UV irradiation on the removal of PFOS was systematically evaluated in the present study. A synergistic effect of electrolysis and UV irradiation rather than a simple additive effect for PFOS degradation was demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. The short wavelength irradiation within 400 nm is the main contribution to enhance the electrochemical degradation of PFOS, while the initial pH of the solution has little effect on the PFOS degradation. The increase of current density accelerates the removal of PFOS either by electrolysis treatment or the joint process. The time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation indicates that the synergistic effect of the electrolysis and UV irradiation is most likely due to the involvement of the excited PFOS induced under UV irradiation in the electrochemical reaction. This study provides the first mechanistic explanation for the electrochemical degradation of PFOS enhanced by UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China; College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | - Yaye Wang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States
| | - Zunyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Qingguo Huang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223, United States.
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Yang C, Shang S, Li XY. Oxygen-vacancy-enriched substrate-less SnO x/La-Sb anode for high-performance electrocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics in wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129212. [PMID: 35739734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic oxidation is a promising technology for treating toxic organic pollutants in water and wastewater, but conventional Ti-based anodes often exhibit a short service life and low efficiency in application. Oxygen vacancy (OV)-based defect engineering is an effective activation method for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity of electrodes. Herein, the controllable formation of OV on the surface of a freestanding SnO2-Sb anode was achieved by the quantitative doping of La3+ into the SnO2 crystal structure of the anode for high-performance electrochemical wastewater treatment. The resultant SnOx/La-Sb anode degraded nearly 100% moxifloxacin (MOX, 10 mg L-1) in 30 min, with a low energy consumption of 0.09 kWh m-3. The SnOx/La-Sb anode with an OV density of 1.09% had the highest degradation rate constant (0.226 min-1), 8 times higher than that of the SnO2-Sb anode and 16 times higher than that of the state-of-the-art boron-doped diamond anode. La3+ doping-induced OV activated the anode surface for electrochemical reactions by boosting the interfacial electron transfer and •OH generation (103% increase). The novel 3D permeable SnOx/La-Sb anode also exhibited remarkable stability (predicted service life of 59 years) and high-rate performance (>98%) in a continuous flow-through treatment system (<1 min through the anode).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Shang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
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Dickman RA, Aga DS. A review of recent studies on toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129120. [PMID: 35643010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fate, effects, and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), an anthropogenic class of chemicals used in industrial and commercial production, are topics of great interest in recent research and news cycles. This interest stems from the ubiquity of PFAS in the global environment as well as their significant toxicological effects in humans and wildlife. Research on toxicity, sequestration, removal, and degradation of PFAS has grown rapidly, leading to a flood of valuable knowledge that can get swamped out in the perpetual rise in the number of publications. Selected papers from the Journal of Hazardous Materials between January 2018 and May 2022 on the toxicity, sequestration, and degradation of PFAS are reviewed in this article and made available as open-access publications for one year, in order to facilitate the distribution of critical knowledge surrounding PFAS. This review discusses routes of toxicity as observed in mammalian and cellular models, and the observed human health effects in exposed communities. Studies that evaluate of toxicity through in-silico approaches are highlighted in this paper. Removal of PFAS through modified carbon sorbents, nanoparticles, and anion exchange materials are discussed while comparing treatment efficiencies for different classes of PFAS. Finally, various biotic and abiotic degradation techniques, and the pathways and mechanisms involved are reviewed to provide a better understanding on the removal efficiencies and cost effectiveness of existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Dickman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, United States.
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Jin Y, Chen Z, Chen X, Huang P, Chen X, Ding R, Liu J, Chen R. The drinking water disinfection performances and mechanisms of UVA-LEDs promoted by electrolysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129099. [PMID: 35650736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the UVA (Ultraviolet A) drinking water disinfection was promoted by electrolysis. The influences of the UVA, electrolysis current, bubbling and temperature were investigated. The disinfection mechanisms and bacterial reactivation had been studied. The results revealed that the treatment time needed to reach the DL (detection limit, about 5.4 log removal) was shortened from 180 to 80 min by the electrolysis. The total electricity consumption decreased from about 126-57.0 kJ/L. Compared with increasing the UVA irradiation, increasing the electrolysis current in a certain range was more preferred to improve the disinfection rate. Oxygen bubbling or higher temperature could enhance the E. coli inactivation. The quenching experiment and EPR (Electron paramagnetic resonance) detection confirmed that ROSs (1O2, ·O2- and ·OH) played important roles for the disinfection. Compared with the treatment with UVA alone, the cell membrane damage was more severe by the promoting method. In addition to the dramatically reduced enzyme activity, the synergistic process degraded most of the bacterial genomic DNA, and the bacteria were completely killed. Therefore, hybrid with electrolysis is a better way for the application of the UVA-LED disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Xiongjian Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Peiwen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianxi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Riyao Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou 350007, China.
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37
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Griffin EK, Aristizabal-Henao J, Timshina A, Ditz HL, Camacho CG, da Silva BF, Coker ES, Deliz Quiñones KY, Aufmuth J, Bowden JA. Assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Indian River Lagoon and Atlantic coast of Brevard County, FL, reveals distinct spatial clusters. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134478. [PMID: 35367496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a class of highly stable and extensively manufactured anthropogenic chemicals that have been linked to a variety of adverse health effects in humans and wildlife. These compounds are ubiquitously distributed in the environment and have been measured in aquatic systems globally. However, there are limited data on longitudinal comprehensive assessments of PFAS profiles within sensitive aquatic ecosystems. Surface water samples were collected from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) and the Atlantic coast within Brevard County (BC), FL in December of 2019 (n = 57) and again from corresponding locations in February of 2021 (n = 40). Samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) to determine the occurrence, concentration, and distribution of 92 PFAS. No significant difference in total PFAS concentrations were identified between samples collected in 2019 (87 ng/L) and those collected in 2021 (77 ng/L). However, comparisons of PFAS among four natural sub-regions within Brevard County revealed site- and regional-specific differences. The Banana River exhibited the greatest concentration of total PFAS, followed by the southern Indian River, the northern Indian River, and then the Atlantic coast. Six distinct PFAS profiles were identified with the novel application of multivariate statistical cluster analysis, which may be useful for identifying potential sources of PFAS. Elevated total PFAS and unique compound mixtures identified in the Banana River are most likely a result of industrial discharge and extensive historical use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF). The environmental persistence of PFAS threatens key ecosystem services and the ecological homeostasis of the Indian River Lagoon - the most biologically diverse estuary in North America. Brevard County offers a unique model site that may be used to investigate potential exposure and health implications for wildlife and adjacent coastal communities, which could be extrapolated to better understand and manage other critical coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Griffin
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
| | | | - Alina Timshina
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
| | - Heather L Ditz
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
| | - Camden G Camacho
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States.
| | - Bianca F da Silva
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
| | - Eric S Coker
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
| | - Katherine Y Deliz Quiñones
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
| | - Joe Aufmuth
- George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
| | - John A Bowden
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, 32611.
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38
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Üner NB, Baldaguez Medina P, Dinari JL, Su X, Sankaran RM. Rate, Efficiency, and Mechanisms of Electrochemical Perfluorooctanoic Acid Degradation with Boron-Doped Diamond and Plasma Electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8975-8986. [PMID: 35838411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of per- or polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) has received increasing attention because of their extreme stability, our increasing awareness of their toxicity at even low levels, and scientific challenges for traditional treatment methods such as separation by activated carbon or destruction by advanced oxidation processes. Here, we performed a direct and systematic comparison of two electrified approaches that have recently shown promise for effective degradation of PFAS: plasma and conventional electrochemical degradation. We tailored a reactor configuration where one of the electrodes could be a plasma or a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode and operated both electrodes galvanostatically by continuous direct current. We show that while both methods achieved near-complete degradation of PFAS, the plasma was only effective as the cathode, whereas the BDD was only effective as the anode. Compared to the BDD, plasma required more than an order of magnitude higher voltage but lower current to achieve similar degradation efficiency with more rapid degradation kinetics. All these factors considered, it was noted that plasma or BDD degradation resulted in similar energy efficiencies. The BDD electrode exhibited zero-order kinetics, and thus, PFAS degradation using the conventional electrochemical method was kinetically controlled. On the contrary, analysis using a film model indicated that the plasma degradation kinetics of PFAS using plasma were mass-transfer-controlled because of the fast reaction kinetics. With the help of a simple quantitative model that incorporates mass transport, interfacial reaction, and surface accumulation, we propose that the degradation reaction kinetically follows an Eley-Rideal-type mechanism for the plasma electrode, and an intrinsic rate constant of 2.89 × 108 m4 mol-1 s-1 was obtained accordingly. The investigation shows that to realize the true kinetic potential of plasma degradation for water treatment, mass transfer to the interface must be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necip B Üner
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, United States
- Chemical Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Paola Baldaguez Medina
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, United States
| | - Jasmine L Dinari
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, United States
| | - R Mohan Sankaran
- Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, Illinois, United States
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Sun C, Yu M, Li Y, Niu B, Qin F, Yan N, Xu Y, Zheng Y. MoS2 nanoflowers decorated natural fiber-derived hollow carbon microtubes for boosting perfluorooctanoic acid degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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40
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Hwang JH, Li Sip YY, Kim KT, Han G, Rodriguez KL, Fox DW, Afrin S, Burnstine-Townley A, Zhai L, Lee WH. Nanoparticle-embedded hydrogel synthesized electrodes for electrochemical oxidation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134001. [PMID: 35181416 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sliver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded on poly (acrylic acid) (PAA)/poly (allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) hydrogel fibers for improved electrochemical oxidation (EO) of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) removal. The NPs-loaded PAA/PAHs shows the better charge transport compared to the ceramic nanofiber membranes (CNM) electrodes. At 10 mA cm-2 of current density, the Ag-PAA/PAH electrodes showed a faster removal of PFAS compared to the Ag-CNM electrode probably due to large surface area-volume ratio and high porosity from the hydrogel. Among NPs-loaded PAA/PAH electrodes, the Ag/Au-PAA/PAH electrodes showed the highest removal of PFOA (72%) and PFOS (91%) in 2 h with the maximum removal rate of PFOA (0.0046 min-1) and PFOS (0.0093 min-1). The rapid PFOS removal is possibly due to the high activity of electron transfer with a higher redox potential of SO4•- than •OH. The highly stable F- generation was obtained from each electrode during reproducibility (n = 3). The net energy consumption from Ag/Au-PAA/PAH electrode was 164.9 kWh m-3 for 72% PFOA removal and 90 kWh m-3 for 91% PFOS removal, respectively. The developed Au-PAA/PAH electrodes were applied to lake water samples and showed acceptable PFOS removal (65%) with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 10.2% (n = 3) at 10 mA cm-2 of current density. Overall, the NP-embedded hydrogel nanofibers were proven to be a promising sustainable catalyst for the electrochemical PFAS oxidation in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Yuen Yee Li Sip
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Keug Tae Kim
- Department of Environmental & Energy Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17 Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18323, South Korea
| | - Gaehee Han
- Water Quality Research Center, Waterworks Headquarters of Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu, 42423, South Korea
| | - Kelsey L Rodriguez
- Department of Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - David W Fox
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Sajia Afrin
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Alex Burnstine-Townley
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Lei Zhai
- NanoScience Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Woo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Civil, Environmental, And Construction Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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Berg C, Crone B, Gullett B, Higuchi M, Krause MJ, Lemieux PM, Martin T, Shields EP, Struble E, Thoma E, Whitehill A. Developing innovative treatment technologies for PFAS-containing wastes. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:540-555. [PMID: 34905459 PMCID: PMC9316338 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.2000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The release of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into the environment is a major concern for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). To complement its ongoing research efforts addressing PFAS contamination, the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD) commissioned the PFAS Innovative Treatment Team (PITT) to provide new perspectives on treatment and disposal of high priority PFAS-containing wastes. During its six-month tenure, the team was charged with identifying and developing promising solutions to destroy PFAS. The PITT examined emerging technologies for PFAS waste treatment and selected four technologies for further investigation. These technologies included mechanochemical treatment, electrochemical oxidation, gasification and pyrolysis, and supercritical water oxidation. This paper highlights these four technologies and discusses their prospects and the development needed before potentially becoming available solutions to address PFAS-contaminated waste.Implications: This paper examines four novel, non-combustion technologies or applications for the treatment of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) wastes. These technologies are introduced to the reader along with their current state of development and areas for further development. This information will be useful for developers, policy makers, and facility managers that are facing increasing issues with disposal of PFAS wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Berg
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Crone
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Gullett
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Higuchi
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Max J. Krause
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul M. Lemieux
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd Martin
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin P. Shields
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ed Struble
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eben Thoma
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew Whitehill
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Xie J, Zhang C, David Waite T. Integrated flow anodic oxidation and ultrafiltration system for continuous defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). WATER RESEARCH 2022; 216:118319. [PMID: 35339051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While flow anodic oxidation systems can efficiently generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and significantly enhance direct electron transfer (DET) processes that result in the oxidation of target contaminants via the charge percolating network of flow anode particles, challenges remain in constructing a flow anodic oxidation system that can be operated continuously with stable performance. Here we incorporate an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane module into the flow anodic oxidation system and achieve the continuous defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) for 12 days with high efficiency (94.1%) and reasonable energy consumption (38.1 Wh mg-1) compared to other advanced oxidation processes by using a mixture of conducting TixO2x-1 and Pd/CNT particles as the flow anode. The results indicate that DET, ·OH mediated oxidation and adsorption processes play critical roles in the degradation of PFOA during the flow anodic oxidation processes. The synergistic effect of the TixO2x-1 and Pd/CNT particles enhances the defluorination efficiency by 3.2 times at 4.5 V vs Ag/AgCl compared to the control experiment (no flow anode particles present) and promotes the release of F- into solution while other intermediate products remain adsorbed to the surface of the Pd/CNT particles. Although the Pd/CNT particles were oxidized after the long-term operation, no obvious Pd ion leakage into solution was observed. Results of this study support the feasibility of continuous operation of a flow anode/UF system with stable performance and pave the way for the translation of this advanced oxidation technology to practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Xie
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P R China.
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Niu Y, Yang Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Wang H, Wu S, Xu R. Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid from wastewater using coating electrode: efficiency, the anode characteristics and degradation mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Liu X, Zhu C, Yin J, Li J, Zhang Z, Li J, Shui F, You Z, Shi Z, Li B, Bu XH, Nafady A, Ma S. Installation of synergistic binding sites onto porous organic polymers for efficient removal of perfluorooctanoic acid. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2132. [PMID: 35440580 PMCID: PMC9019033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a strategy to construct highly efficient perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) adsorbents by installing synergistic electrostatic/hydrophobic sites onto porous organic polymers (POPs). The constructed model material of PAF-1-NDMB (NDMB = N,N-dimethyl-butylamine) demonstrates an exceptionally high PFOA uptake capacity over 2000 mg g-1, which is 14.8 times enhancement compared with its parent material of PAF-1. And it is 32.0 and 24.1 times higher than benchmark materials of DFB-CDP (β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)-based polymer network) and activated carbon under the same conditions. Furthermore, PAF-1-NDMB exhibits the highest k2 value of 24,000 g mg-1 h-1 among all reported PFOA sorbents. And it can remove 99.99% PFOA from 1000 ppb to <70 ppt within 2 min, which is lower than the advisory level of Environmental Protection Agency of United States. This work thus not only provides a generic approach for constructing PFOA adsorbents, but also develops POPs as a platform for PFOA capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Changjia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jinli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Feng Shui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Baiyan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China.
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas 1508W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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Wang L, Liu Y, Pang D, Song H, Zhang S. Simultaneous electrochemical degradation of tetracycline and metronidazole through a high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption advanced oxidation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133469. [PMID: 34973244 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing complexity of water environment pollution, it is becoming ever more practical to study the simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants in water. Electrochemical advanced oxidation technology is considered to be one of the most promising green approaches for the degradation of organic pollutants. Herein, Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies (VO) self-doped TiO2-x nanotube array electrodes are employed to investigate the simultaneous degradation and an energy consumption assessment for the effective removal of the antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and metronidazole (MNZ). The electrocatalytic performance of the nanotube arrays prepared at different reduction times is significantly different. The electrochemical reduction of TiO2 nanotube arrays for 10 min presents the best degradation performance for TC and MNZ. When a mixed solution of TC and MNZ is simultaneously degraded, the removal rate of TC (50 mg L-1) and MNZ (50 mg L-1) within 3 h reaches 100%, while the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate is 79.1%. The energy consumption is significantly reduced compared to the degradation of a single substance. Simultaneously, the current utilization rate of the electrochemical degradation system is also significantly improved, with a specific energy consumption of only 85.78 kWh kg-1 and an average current efficiency that can reach 20.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Di Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Haiou Song
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, PR China
| | - Shupeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
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Novel Fluorinated Nitrogen-Rich Porous Organic Polymer for Efficient Removal of Perfluorooctanoic Acid from Water. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mobility, durability, and widespread use of perfluorinated and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), bring about serious contamination of many ground and surface waters. In this study, fluorine and amine-functionalized porous organic polymer (POP-4F) was designed and successfully synthesized as an adsorbent for PFOA removal in water. The characterization results showed that the synthesized material had an amorphous microporous structure, and the BET surface area was up to 479 m2 g−1. Its versatile adsorption property was evaluated by batch adsorption experiments using PFOA as a probe. The experiments show that the polymer was able to remove 98% of the PFOA in 5 min from water and then desorb within 3 min in methanol ([PFOA]0 = 1 mg L−1; [POP-4F] = 200 mg L−1). Specifically, the adsorption capacity of POP-4F is up to 107 mg g−1, according to the Langmuir fit. The rapid adsorption and desorption of PFOA by POP-4F offers the possibility of economical, environmentally friendly, and efficient treatment of real wastewater.
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Pauletto PS, Bandosz TJ. Activated carbon versus metal-organic frameworks: A review of their PFAS adsorption performance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 425:127810. [PMID: 34872038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of fluorinated aliphatic compounds considered as emerging persistent pollutants. Owing to their adverse effects on human health and environment, efficient methods of their removal from various complex matrices need to be developed. This review focuses on recent results addressing the adsorption of PFAS on activated carbons (AC) and metal-organic frameworks (MOF). While the former are well-established adsorbents used in water treatment, the latter are relatively new and still not applied at a large scale. Nevertheless, they attract research interests owing to their developed porosity and versatile surface chemistry. While AC provide high volumes of pores and hydrophobic surfaces to strongly attract fluorinated chains, MOF supply sites for acid-base complexation and a variety of specific interactions. The modifications of AC are focused on the introduction of basicity to attract PFAS anions via electrostatic/chemical interactions, and those of MOF - on structural defects to increase the pore sizes. Based on the comparison of the performance and specifically adsorption forces provided by these two groups of materials, activated carbons were pointed out as worthy of further research efforts. This is because their surface, especially that in large pores, where dispersive forces are week and where extensive pore space might be utilized to adsorb more PFAS, can be further chemically modified and these modifications might be informed by the mechanisms of PFAS adsorption, which are specific for MOF. This review emphasizes the effects of these modifications on the adsorption mechanism and brings the critical assessment of the advantages/disadvantages of both groups as PFAS adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Pauletto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States; Chemical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 1000, Roraima Avenue, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Teresa J Bandosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of the City University of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, United States.
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Suresh Babu D, Mol JMC, Buijnsters JG. Experimental insights into anodic oxidation of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX) on boron-doped diamond anodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132417. [PMID: 34606896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GenX is the trade name of the ammonium salt of hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) and is used as a replacement for the banned perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). However, recent studies have found GenX to be more toxic than PFOA. This work deals with the electrochemical degradation of HFPO-DA using boron-doped diamond anodes. For the first time, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of sulfate concentration and other operating parameters on HFPO-DA degradation. Results demonstrated that sulfate radicals were ineffective in HFPO-DA degradation due to steric hindrance by -CF3 branch. Direct electron transfer was found as the rate-determining step. By comparing degradation of HFPO-DA with that of PFOA, it was observed that the steric hindrance by -CF3 branch in HFPO-DA decreased the rate of electron transfer from the carboxyl head group even though its defluorination rate was faster. Conclusively, a degradation pathway is proposed in which HFPO-DA mineralizes to CO2 and F- via formation of three intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Suresh Babu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes M C Mol
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Josephus G Buijnsters
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Research Group of Micro and Nano Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
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Lei X, Yao L, Lian Q, Zhang X, Wang T, Holmes W, Ding G, Gang DD, Zappi ME. Enhanced adsorption of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) onto low oxygen content ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC): Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126810. [PMID: 34365231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pollution of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water bodies has been a serious threat to environment and human health. Ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) with different oxygen contents were prepared and first used for adsorbing PFOA from aqueous solutions. The OMC-900 with a lower oxygen content has a higher PFOA adsorption capacity than the oxygen-rich OMC-700. OMCs require a much shorter time to reach the adsorption equilibrium comparing with other adsorbents reported in literature. The mesopores play an important role in this rapid adsorption kinetics. The pseudo-second-order model better fitted the kinetic data. The multilayers adsorption was proposed for the adsorption of PFOA onto OMCs since the Freundlich isotherm model fits the experimental data well. The micelle or hemi-micelle structures may be formed during the adsorption. Various background salts showed a positive effect on PFOA adsorption due to the salting-out and divalent bridge effects. The humic acid can lead to a discernible reduction in PFOA adsorption by competing for adsorption sites on OMCs. The hydrophobic interaction and electrostatic interaction adsorption mechanisms were proposed and verified by the adsorption data. The high adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics of the OMC make it a potential adsorbent for PFOA removal in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Lei
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ecological Security, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Nanyang Normal University, 1638 Wolong Rd, Nanyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Qiyu Lian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Beijing International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water Pollution Control Techniques for Antibiotics and Resistance genes, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Tiejun Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Nanyang Vocational College of Agriculture, Nanyang 473000, PR China
| | - William Holmes
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
| | - Guoyu Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiatong University, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Daniel Dianchen Gang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA.
| | - Mark E Zappi
- Center for Environmental Technology, The Energy Institute of Louisiana, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, P. O. Box 43597, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
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50
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Pisharody L, Gopinath A, Malhotra M, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS. Occurrence of organic micropollutants in municipal landfill leachate and its effective treatment by advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132216. [PMID: 34517234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Landfilling is the most prominently adopted disposal technique for managing municipal solid waste across the globe. However, the main drawback associated with this method is the generation of leachate from the landfill site. Leachate, a highly concentrated liquid consisting of both organic and inorganic components arises environmental issues as it contaminates the nearby aquifers. Landfill leachate treatment by conventional methods is not preferred as the treatment methods are not much effective to remove these pollutants. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on both hydroxyl and sulfate radicals could be a promising method to remove the micropollutants completely or convert them to non-toxic compounds. The current review focuses on the occurrence of micropollutants in landfill leachate, their detection methods and removal from landfill leachate using AOPs. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products occur in the range of 10-1 to more than 100 μg L-1 whereas phthalates were found below the detectable limit to 384 μg L-1, pesticides in the order of 10-1 μg L-1 and polyaromatic hydrocarbons occur in concentration from 10-2 to 114.7 μg L-1. Solid-phase extraction is the most preferred method for extracting micropollutants from leachate and liquid chromatography (LC) - mass spectrophotometer (MS) for detecting the micropollutants. Limited studies have been focused on AOPs as a potential method for the degradation of micropollutants in landfill leachate. The potential of Fenton based techniques, electrochemical AOPs and ozonation are investigated for the removal of micropollutants from leachate whereas the applicability of photocatalysis for the removal of a wide variety of micropollutants from leachate needs in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Pisharody
- The Zuckerberg Institute of Water Research, Ben-Gurion University, Israel
| | - Ashitha Gopinath
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milan Malhotra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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