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Liu Y, Zhou H, Wang J, Liu S, Xie GJ, Liu BF, Xing D. Regulatory Mechanisms of Quorum Sensing System of Bacteria in Response to Chlorine and Ozone Disinfection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38937254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Waterborne pathogens invariably present considerable threats to public health. The quorum sensing (QS) system is instrumental in coordinating bacterial growth and metabolisms. However, the responses and regulatory mechanisms of bacteria to various disinfection technologies through quorum sensing are still unclear. This study examines the inactivation effect of chlorination and ozonation on biofilms and planktonic cells of QS signaling-deficient mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell counting and viability assessment revealed that the combined disinfection of chlorine and ozone was the most effective for inactivating planktonic P. aeruginosa within 10 min of exposure. Additionally, microfluidic chip culture demonstrated that the secretion of quinolone signals escalated biofilms' disinfection resistance. Disinfection exposure significantly altered the gene expression of wild-type strains and QS signaling-deficient mutants. Moreover, the QS system triggered multilayered gene expression programs as a responsive protection to disinfectant exposure, including oxidative stress, ribosome synthesis, and the nutrient absorption of bacteria. These insights broaden our understanding of bacterial QS in response to disinfection, promising potential strategies toward efficient disinfection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Bing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
| | - Defeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, P. R. China
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Liang Z, Lu K, Xu C, Huang X, Zhang X. Systematic investigation and modeling prediction of virus inactivation by ozone in wastewater: Decoupling the matrix effects. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121685. [PMID: 38728774 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Water disinfection is undoubtedly regarded as a critical step in ensuring the water safety for human consumption, and ozone is widely used as a highly effective disinfectant for the control of pathogenic microorganisms in water. Although the diminished ozone efficiencies in complex water matrices have been widely reported, the specific extent to which individual components of matrix act on the virus inactivation by ozone remains unclear, and effective methodologies to predict the comprehensive effects of various factors are needed. In this study, the decoupled impact of the intricate water matrix on the ozone inactivation of viruses was systematically investigated and assessed from a simulative perspective. The concept of "equivalent ozone depletion rate constant" (k') was introduced to quantify the influence of different species, and a kinetic model was developed based on the k' values for simulating the ozone inactivation processes in complex matrix. The mechanisms through which diverse species influenced the ozone inactivation effectiveness were identified: 1) competition effects (k' = 105∼107 M-1s-1), including organic matters and reductive ions (SO32-, NO2-, and I-), which were the most influential species inhibiting the virus inactivation; 2) shielding effects (k' = 103∼104 M-1s-1), including Ca2+, Mg2+, and kaolin; 3) insignificant effects (k' = 0∼1 M-1s-1), including Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and Br-; 4) promotion effects (k' = ∼-103 M-1s-1), including CO32- and HCO3-. Prediction of ozone disinfection efficiency and evaluation of species contribution under complex aquatic matrices were successfully realized utilizing the model. The systematic understanding and methodologies developed in this research provide a reliable framework for predicting ozone inactivation efficiency under complex matrix, and a potential tool for accurate disinfectant dosage determination and interfering factors control in actual wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Kechao Lu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China.
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Morosavljević I, Kozak D, Kosor T, Morosavljević J, Ferlič L, Gubeljak N. The Effects of Ozone Sterilization on the Chemical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Biocompatible PMMA. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:472. [PMID: 38675283 PMCID: PMC11051857 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Since ozone is highly corrosive, it can substantially affect the mechanical and chemical properties of the materials; consequently, it could affect the applicability of those materials in medical applications. The effect of ozone sterilization on the chemical and mechanical properties of additively manufactured specimens of biocompatible poly(methyl-methacrylate) was observed. FDM 3D-printed specimens of biocompatible PMMA in groups of five were exposed to high concentrations of ozone generated by corona discharge for different durations and at different ozone concentrations inside an enclosed chamber with embedded and calibrated ozone, temperature, and humidity sensors. A novel approach using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and spark-discharge optical emission spectrometry (SD-OES) was used to determine an eventual change in the chemical composition of specimens. Mechanical properties were determined by testing the tensile strength and Young's modulus. A calibrated digital microscope was used to observe the eventual degradation of material on the surface of the specimens. SD-OES and LIF analysis results do not show any detectable sterilization-caused chemical degradation, and no substantial difference in mechanical properties was detected. There was no detectable surface degradation observed under the digital microscope. The results obtained suggest that ozone sterilization appears to be a suitable technique for sterilizing PMMA medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Morosavljević
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Slavonski Brod, University of Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia; (D.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Dražan Kozak
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Slavonski Brod, University of Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia; (D.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Tihomir Kosor
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Janko Morosavljević
- Mechanical Engineering Faculty in Slavonski Brod, University of Slavonski Brod, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia; (D.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Luka Ferlič
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.F.); (N.G.)
| | - Nenad Gubeljak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (L.F.); (N.G.)
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Choudhury B, Lednicky JA, Loeb JC, Portugal S, Roy S. Inactivation of SARS CoV-2 on porous and nonporous surfaces by compact portable plasma reactor. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1325336. [PMID: 38486867 PMCID: PMC10937532 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1325336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the inactivation of SARS CoV-2 and its surrogate-Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), on representative porous (KN95 mask material) and nonporous materials (aluminum and polycarbonate) using a Compact Portable Plasma Reactor (CPPR). The CPPR is a compact (48 cm3), lightweight, portable and scalable device that forms Dielectric Barrier Discharge which generates ozone using surrounding atmosphere as input gas, eliminating the need of source gas tanks. Iterative CPPR exposure time experiments were performed on inoculated material samples in 3 operating volumes. Minimum CPPR exposure times of 5-15 min resulted in 4-5 log reduction of SARS CoV-2 and its surrogate on representative material samples. Ozone concentration and CPPR energy requirements for virus inactivation are documented. Difference in disinfection requirements in porous and non-porous material samples is discussed along with initial scaling studies using the CPPR in 3 operating volumes. The results of this feasibility study, along with existing literature on ozone and CPPR decontamination, show the potential of the CPPR as a powerful technology to reduce fomite transmission of enveloped respiratory virus-induced infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The CPPR can overcome limitations of high temperatures, long exposure times, bulky equipment, and toxic residuals related to conventional decontamination technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Choudhury
- SurfPlasma, Inc., Gainesville, FL, United States
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John A. Lednicky
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julia C. Loeb
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Sherlie Portugal
- SurfPlasma, Inc., Gainesville, FL, United States
- School of Electrical Engineering, Technological University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Subrata Roy
- SurfPlasma, Inc., Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Frizziero L, Donnici G, Venditti G, Freddi M. Design of an innovative sanitation system for bike-sharing service. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26595. [PMID: 38420367 PMCID: PMC10900996 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of a novel sanitization device specifically designed for helmets used in bike share services is presented in this scientific work. The system uses ozone, a powerful oxidizing agent, to completely remove dust and bacteria from the helmet surface. Throughout the development process, special attention has been paid to the dual initial goals of efficacy in removing dirt and batteries, as well as ease of use related to the device's safety. In fact, today's sharing services are rarely capable of providing adequate disinfection of the tools, which is especially troubling given the most recent years of pandemic caused by Covid-19. The invention of the ozone-based sanitization device addresses the growing concern about hygiene and safety in bike share services. Furthermore, due to its portability and ease of use, the device is a cost-effective and viable solution for use in a variety of settings. A significant contribution to the advancement of sanitization technology and public health is expected with this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Frizziero
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giampiero Donnici
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Venditti
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Freddi
- Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, viale Risorgimento 2, 40136, Bologna, Italy
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Azuma T, Usui M, Hayashi T. Inactivation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in hospital wastewater by ozone-based advanced water treatment processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167432. [PMID: 37777130 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continue on a global scale. The impacts of wastewater on the environment and human health have been identified, and understanding the environmental impacts of hospital wastewater and exploring appropriate forms of treatment are major societal challenges. In the present research, we evaluated the efficacy of ozone (O3)-based advanced wastewater treatment systems (O3, O3/H2O2, O3/UV, and O3/UV/H2O2) for the treatment of antimicrobials, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB), and antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRGs) in wastewater from medical facilities. Our results indicated that the O3-based advanced wastewater treatment inactivated multiple antimicrobials (>99.9%) and AMRB after 10-30 min of treatment. Additionally, AMRGs were effectively removed (1.4-6.6 log10) during hospital wastewater treatment. The inactivation and/or removal performances of these pollutants through the O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2 treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) better than those in the O3 and O3/H2O2 treatments. Altered taxonomic diversity of microorganisms based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing following the O3-based treatment showed that advanced wastewater treatments not only removed viable bacteria but also removed genes constituting microorganisms in the wastewater. Consequently, the objective of this study was to apply advanced wastewater treatments to treat wastewater, mitigate environmental pollution, and alleviate potential threats to environmental and human health associated with AMR. Our findings will contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of advanced wastewater treatment systems through on-site application, not only in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) but also in medical facilities. Moreover, our results will help reduce the discharge of AMRB and AMRGs into rivers and maintain the safety of aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Azuma
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Masaru Usui
- Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan; Faculty of Human Development, Department of Food and Nutrition Management Studies, Soai University, 4-4-1 Nankonaka, Osaka Suminoeku, Osaka 559-0033, Japan
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Hiep NT, Nguyen MK, Nhut HT, Hung NTQ, Manh NC, Lin C, Chang SW, Um MJ, Nguyen DD. A review on sterilization methods of environmental decontamination to prevent the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 virus): A new challenge towards eco-friendly solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166021. [PMID: 37543323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic is currently wreaking havoc on the planet. SARS-CoV-2, the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, is the current term for this outbreak. Reports about this novel coronavirus have been presented since the pandemic's breakout, and they have demonstrated that it transmits rapidly from person to person, primarily by droplets in the air. Findings have illustrated that SARS-CoV-2 can survive on surfaces from hours to days. Therefore, it is essential to find practical solutions to reduce the virus's impact on human health and the environment. This work evaluated common sterilization methods that can decontaminate the environment and items. The goal is that healthcare facilities, disease prevention organizations, and local communities can overcome the new challenge of finding eco-friendly solutions. Further, a foundation of information encompassing various sterilization procedures and highlighting their limits to choose the most appropriate method to stop disease-causing viruses in the new context has been presented. The findings of this crucial investigation contribute to gaining insight into the comprehensive sterilization approaches against the coronavirus for human health protection and sustainable environmental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Trung Hiep
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development, Ho Chi Minh University of Natural Resources and Environment, 236B Le Van Sy, Ward 1, Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Huynh Tan Nhut
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Tri Quang Hung
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Cong Manh
- Department of Aquatic and Atmospheric Environment Research, Research Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - Myoung Jin Um
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, South Korea; Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Viet Nam.
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Qiu G, Zhang X, deMello AJ, Yao M, Cao J, Wang J. On-site airborne pathogen detection for infection risk mitigation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8531-8579. [PMID: 37882143 PMCID: PMC10712221 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Human-infecting pathogens that transmit through the air pose a significant threat to public health. As a prominent instance, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in an unprecedented manner over the past few years. Despite the dissipating pandemic gloom, the lessons we have learned in dealing with pathogen-laden aerosols should be thoroughly reviewed because the airborne transmission risk may have been grossly underestimated. From a bioanalytical chemistry perspective, on-site airborne pathogen detection can be an effective non-pharmaceutic intervention (NPI) strategy, with on-site airborne pathogen detection and early-stage infection risk evaluation reducing the spread of disease and enabling life-saving decisions to be made. In light of this, we summarize the recent advances in highly efficient pathogen-laden aerosol sampling approaches, bioanalytical sensing technologies, and the prospects for airborne pathogen exposure measurement and evidence-based transmission interventions. We also discuss open challenges facing general bioaerosols detection, such as handling complex aerosol samples, improving sensitivity for airborne pathogen quantification, and establishing a risk assessment system with high spatiotemporal resolution for mitigating airborne transmission risks. This review provides a multidisciplinary outlook for future opportunities to improve the on-site airborne pathogen detection techniques, thereby enhancing the preparedness for more on-site bioaerosols measurement scenarios, such as monitoring high-risk pathogens on airplanes, weaponized pathogen aerosols, influenza variants at the workplace, and pollutant correlated with sick building syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg1, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maosheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
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Ouyang L, Wang N, Irudayaraj J, Majima T. Virus on surfaces: Chemical mechanism, influence factors, disinfection strategies, and implications for virus repelling surface design. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 320:103006. [PMID: 37778249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
While SARS-CoV-2 is generally under control, the question of variants and infections still persists. Fundamental information on how the virus interacts with inanimate surfaces commonly found in our daily life and when in contact with the skin will be helpful in developing strategies to inhibit the spread of the virus. Here in, a critically important review of current understanding of the interaction between virus and surface is summarized from chemistry point-of-view. The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theories to model virus attachments on surfaces are introduced, along with the interaction type and strength, and quantification of each component. The virus survival and transfer are affected by a combination of biological, physical, and chemical parameters, as well as environmental parameters. The surface properties for virus and virus survival on typical surfaces such as metals, plastics, and glass are summarized. Attention is also paid to the transfer of virus to/from surfaces and skin. Typical virus disinfection strategies utilizing heat, light, chemicals, and ozone are discussed together with their disinfection mechanism. In the last section, design principles for virus repelling surface chemistry such as surperhydrophobic or surperhydrophilic surfaces are also introduced, to demonstrate how the integration of surface property control and advanced material fabrication can lead to the development of functional surfaces for mitigating the effect of viral infection upon contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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10
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Yao M, Niu Y, Liu S, Liu Y, Kan H, Wang S, Ji JS, Zhao B. Mortality Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to Ozone in China: 2019 vs 2050. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:10985-10997. [PMID: 37466930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to a combination of lifestyle risk factors, the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been increasing in China, affecting an estimated 330 million people. Environmental risk factors can exacerbate these risks or independently contribute to CVD. Ozone is an overlooked and invisible risk factor, and it plays a significant role in the development of CVD. Our study provides a novel quantification of the ozone-attributable CVD mortality burden based on daily maximum 8-h average ozone concentration during May to October (6mDMA8) in Chinese adults in 2050, projected under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 585 and 126, and using the updated WHO air quality guideline level. The study also considers the contributions made by changes in ozone exposure, population aging, population size, and baseline death rates of CVD between 2019 and 2050. While adopting a sustainable and green pathway (SSP 126) can reduce the projected magnitude of premature CVD deaths to 359,200 in 2050, it may not be sufficient to reduce the CVD mortality burden significantly. Therefore, it is crucial to implement strategies for stricter ozone control and reducing the baseline death rate of CVD to mitigate the impacts of ozone on Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Yao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuchang Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuxiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Kakaei K, Padervand M, Akinay Y, Dawi E, Ashames A, Saleem L, Wang C. A critical mini-review on challenge of gaseous O 3 toward removal of viral bioaerosols from indoor air based on collision theory. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84918-84932. [PMID: 37380862 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, a pandemic of acute respiratory syndrome diseases, led to significant social, economic, psychological, and public health impacts. It was not only uncontrolled but caused serious problems at the outbreak time. Physical contact and airborne transmission are the main routes of transmission for bioaerosols such as SARS-CoV-2. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO), surfaces should be disinfected with chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, and quaternary compounds, while wearing masks, maintaining social distance, and ventilating are strongly recommended to protect against viral aerosols. Ozone generators have gained much attention for purifying public places and workplaces' atmosphere, from airborne bioaerosols, with specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Despite the scientific concern, some bioaerosols, such as SARS-CoV-2, are not inactivated by ozone under its standard tolerable concentrations for human. Previous reports did not consider the ratio of surface area to volume, relative humidity, temperature, product of time in concentration, and half-life time simultaneously. Furthermore, the use of high doses of exposure can seriously threaten human health and safety since ozone is shown to have a high half-life at ambient conditions (several hours at 55% of relative humidity). Herein, making use of the reports on ozone physicochemical behavior in multiphase environments alongside the collision theory principles, we demonstrate that ozone is ineffective against a typical bioaerosol, SARS-CoV-2, at nonharmful concentrations for human beings in air. Ozone half-life and its durability in indoor air, as major concerns, are also highlighted in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Kakaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Mohsen Padervand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Yuksel Akinay
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Elmuez Dawi
- Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Akram Ashames
- Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research Centre, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lama Saleem
- Biomolecular Science, Earth and Life Science, Amsterdam University, De Boelelaan 1105/1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
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12
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Liu F, Rittmann B, Kuthari S, Zhang W. Viral inactivation using microwave-enhanced membrane filtration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131966. [PMID: 37399721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses (e.g., Enteroviruses, Noroviruses, Rotaviruses, and Adenovirus) present in wastewater, even at low concentrations, can cause serious waterborne diseases. Improving water treatment to enhance viral removal is of paramount significance, especially given the COVID-19 pandemic. This study incorporated microwave-enabled catalysis into membrane filtration and evaluated viral removal using a model bacteriophage (MS2) as a surrogate. Microwave irradiation effectively penetrated the PTFE membrane module and enabled surface oxidation reactions on the membrane-coated catalysts (i.e., BiFeO3), which thus elicited strong germicidal effects via local heating and radical formation as reported previously. A log removal of 2.6 was achieved for MS2 within a contact time as low as 20 s using 125-W microwave irradiation with the initial MS2 concentration of 105 PFU∙mL-1. By contrast, almost no inactivation could be achieved without microwave irradiation. COMSOL simulation indicates that the catalyst surface could be heated up to 305 oC with 125-W microwave irradiation for 20 s and also analyzed microwave penetration into catalyst or water film layers. This research provides new insights to the antiviral mechanisms of this microwave-enabled catalytic membrane filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Liu
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd., Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bruce Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Saachi Kuthari
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd., Newark, NJ, USA; Millburn High School, Short Hills, NJ, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd., Newark, NJ, USA.
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13
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Costa LRDC, Féris LA. Use of ozonation technology to combat viruses and bacteria in aquatic environments: problems and application perspectives for SARS-CoV-2. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:2490-2502. [PMID: 35078388 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2034981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global health threat with a large number of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Person-to-person transmission through respiratory droplets and contact with aerosol-infected surfaces are the main ways in which the virus spreads. However, according to the updated literature, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has also been detected in aqueous matrices, with the main route of transmission being feces and masks from patients diagnosed with the disease. Given the emergence of public health and environmental protection from the presence of lethal viruses and bacteria, this review article aims to report the major challenges associated with the application of ozonation in water contaminated with viruses and bacteria, in order to clarify whether these communities can survive or infect after the disinfection process and if it is efficient. Available data suggest that ozonation is able to increase the inactivation effect of microorganisms by about 50% in the logarithmic range, reducing infectivity. In addition, the evidence-based knowledge reported in this article is useful to support water and sanitation safety planning and to protect human health from exposure to cited contaminants through water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Amaral Féris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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14
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Gómez-Castillo MA, Rivera Romero C, Reátegui-Ochoa K, Mamani Zapana E, Silva-Jaimes M. Ozone Efficacy for the Disinfection of Ambulances Used to Transport Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peru. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20105776. [PMID: 37239505 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the disinfection efficacy of an ozone generator prototype in ambulances used to transport patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This research consisted of three stages: in vitro tests using microbial indicators, such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella phage, which were experimentally inoculated onto polystyrene crystal surfaces within a 23 m3 enclosure. They were then exposed to ozone at a 25 ppm concentration using the ozone generator (Tecnofood SAC) portable prototype, and the decimal reduction time (D) was estimated for each indicator. The second stage involved the experimental inoculation of the same microbial indicators on a variety of surfaces inside conventional ambulances. The third stage consisted of exploratory field testing in ambulances used to transport patients with suspected COVID-19. During the second and third stages, samples were collected by swabbing different surfaces before and after 25 ppm ozonisation for 30 min. Results suggested that ozone was most effective on Candida albicans (D = 2.65 min), followed by Escherichia coli (D = 3.14 min), Salmonella phage (D = 5.01 min) and Staphylococcus aureus (D = 5.40 min). Up to 5% of the microbes survived following ozonisation of conventional ambulances. Of the 126 surface samples collected from ambulances transporting patients with COVID-19, 7 were positive (5.6%) for SARS-related coronavirus as determined on reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Ozone exposure from the ozone generator prototype inside ambulances at a concentration of 25 ppm for 30 min can eliminate gram positive and negative bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alejandro Gómez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
| | | | - Kevin Reátegui-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
| | | | - Marcial Silva-Jaimes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru
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15
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Ogut E, Armagan K. Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Medical Ozone Therapy on Covid-19: A Review Study. OZONE: SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 45:213-231. [DOI: 10.1080/01919512.2022.2065242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, 34715, Turkey
| | - Kutay Armagan
- Medical Faculty Student, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Ogut E, Armagan K. Evaluation of the Potential Impact of Medical Ozone Therapy on Covid-19: A Review Study. OZONE: SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 45:213-231. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2022.2065242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eren Ogut
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, 34715, Turkey
| | - Kutay Armagan
- Medical Faculty Student, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Cai Y, Zhao Y, Yadav AK, Ji B, Kang P, Wei T. Ozone based inactivation and disinfection in the pandemic time and beyond: Taking forward what has been learned and best practice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160711. [PMID: 36496014 PMCID: PMC9727960 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale global COVID-19 has a profound impact on human society. Timely and effectively blocking the virus spread is the key to controlling the pandemic growth. Ozone-based inactivation and disinfection techniques have been shown to effectively kill SARS-CoV-2 in water, aerosols and on solid surface. However, the lack of an unified information and discussion on ozone-based inactivation and disinfection in current and previous pandemics and the absence of consensus on the main mechanisms by which ozone-based inactivation of pandemic causing viruses have hindered the possibility of establishing a common basis for identifying best practices in the utilization of ozone technology. This article reviews the research status of ozone (O3) disinfection on pandemic viruses (especially SARS-CoV-2). Taking sterilization kinetics as the starting point while followed by distinguishing the pandemic viruses by enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, this review focuses on analyzing the scope of application of the sterilization model and the influencing factors from the experimental studies and data induction. It is expected that the review could provide an useful reference for the safe and effective O3 utilization of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China.
| | - Asheesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Peiying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Ting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, PR China; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Liu A, Zhao Y, Cai Y, Kang P, Huang Y, Li M, Yang A. Towards Effective, Sustainable Solution for Hospital Wastewater Treatment to Cope with the Post-Pandemic Era. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2854. [PMID: 36833551 PMCID: PMC9957062 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread across the globe since the end of 2019, posing significant challenges for global medical facilities and human health. Treatment of hospital wastewater is vitally important under this special circumstance. However, there is a shortage of studies on the sustainable wastewater treatment processes utilized by hospitals. Based on a review of the research trends regarding hospital wastewater treatment in the past three years of the COVID-19 outbreak, this review overviews the existing hospital wastewater treatment processes. It is clear that activated sludge processes (ASPs) and the use of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are the major and effective treatment techniques applied to hospital wastewater. Advanced technology (such as Fenton oxidation, electrocoagulation, etc.) has also achieved good results, but the use of such technology remains small scale for the moment and poses some side effects, including increased cost. More interestingly, this review reveals the increased use of constructed wetlands (CWs) as an eco-solution for hospital wastewater treatment and then focuses in slightly more detail on examining the roles and mechanisms of CWs' components with respect to purifying hospital wastewater and compares their removal efficiency with other treatment processes. It is believed that a multi-stage CW system with various intensifications or CWs incorporated with other treatment processes constitute an effective, sustainable solution for hospital wastewater treatment in order to cope with the post-pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yamei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Peiying Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Yulong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
| | - Anran Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
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19
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Ishiwata S, Hibino T, Sakashita T, Nishioka M, Inoue T, Kotake T. Applicability of on-site disinfection of personal protective equipment by ozone gas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13360. [PMID: 36776915 PMCID: PMC9894677 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
On-site disinfection techniques are beneficial during a pandemic when there is a marked shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), as experienced during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Ozone gas has been considered an alternative on-site disinfectant during a pandemic because it has antimicrobial activities, can be produced from air by electricity without the need for storage, and can be easily deactivated after use. However, ozone gas might become distributed at the lower layer because it has a larger molecular weight than air. This study aimed to reveal the applicability of ozone gas for the on-site disinfection of PPE. The lockers meant for changing dresses were used as ozone gas exposure boxes, and the distribution of ozone was assayed. Considering that the determined ozone levels were not consistent in the types of ozone analysers, we studied the chemical and biological activities of ozone, which were evenly detected in the locker. The gown in the locker was also uniformly exposed to ozone. Results showed that ozone gas could be used for the on-site disinfection of PPE in a closed box, such as a locker. This finding is valuable during a pandemic when PPE is in short supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Ishiwata
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taishi Hibino
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan,Department of Pharmacy, Sakai City Medical Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoe Sakashita
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manami Nishioka
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Inoue
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kotake
- Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan,Corresponding author. Division of Medical Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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20
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Ma R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Ji Z. The Relationship between the Transmission of Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains and Air Quality: A Case Study in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031943. [PMID: 36767307 PMCID: PMC9916065 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global public health concern for almost three years, and the transmission characteristics vary among different virus variants. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 infection caused by the original strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, it is unclear whether individuals might be more susceptible to COVID-19 due to exposure to air pollutants, with the SARS-CoV-2 mutating faster and faster. This study aimed to explore the relationship between air pollutants and COVID-19 infection caused by three major SARS-CoV-2 strains (the original strain, Delta variant, and Omicron variant) in China. A generalized additive model was applied to investigate the associations of COVID-19 infection with six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3). A positive correlation might be indicated between air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, and NO2) and confirmed cases of COVID-19 caused by different SARS-CoV-2 strains. It also suggested that the mutant variants appear to be more closely associated with air pollutants than the original strain. This study could provide valuable insight into control strategies that limit the concentration of air pollutants at lower levels and would better control the spread of COVID-19 even as the virus continues to mutate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ma
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yeyue Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Yini Zhang
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Xi Li
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zheng Ji
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Centre of Shaanxi Province for Pollutants Exposure and Eco-Environmental Health, Xi’an 710119, China
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21
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Dehghani S, SeyedAlinaghi S, Karimi A, Afroughi F, Abshenas S, Azad K, Tantuoyir MM, Mohammadi P, Ghavam SM, Mojdeganlou H, Dadras O, Nazarian N, Vahedi F, Barzegary A, Mehraeen E. Evaluating the effects of air disinfectants in decontamination of COVID-19 aerosols. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1042. [PMID: 36644313 PMCID: PMC9831143 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Airborne transmission is the most crucial mode of COVID-19 transmission. Therefore, disinfecting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosols float can have important implications in limiting COVID-19 transmission. Herein, we aimed to review the studies that utilized various disinfectants to decontaminate and inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 aerosols. Methods This study was a review that studied related articles published between December 1, 2019 and August 23, 2022. We searched the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, on August 23, 2021. The studies were downloaded into the EndNote software, duplicates were removed, and then the studies were screened based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The screening process involved two steps; first, the studies were screened based on their title and abstract and then their full texts. The included studies were used for the qualitative analysis. Results From 664 retrieved records, only 31 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final qualitative analysis. Various materials like Ozone, H2O2, alcohol, and TiO2 and methods like heating and using Ultraviolet were described in these studies to disinfect places contaminated by COVID-19. It appeared that the efficacy of these disinfectants varies considerably depending on the situation, time, and ultimately their mode of application. Conclusion Following reliable protocols in combination with the proper selection of disinfectant agents for each purpose would serve to achieve desired elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Dehghani
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amirali Karimi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Afroughi
- Pars HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,School of medicineIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shayan Abshenas
- School of medicineKashan University of Medical SciencesKashanIran
| | - Kimia Azad
- School of medicineIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
| | - Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Biomedical Engineering UnitUniversity of Ghana Medical Center (UGMC)AccraGhana
| | - Parsa Mohammadi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ghavam
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hengameh Mojdeganlou
- Department of PathologyThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Omid Dadras
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High Risk BehaviorsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran,Department of Global Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
| | | | - Farzin Vahedi
- School of medicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Esmaeil Mehraeen
- Department of Health Information TechnologyKhalkhal University of Medical SciencesKhalkhalIran
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22
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Westover C, Rahmatulloev S, Danko D, Afshin EE, O’Hara NB, Ounit R, Bezdan D, Mason CE. Ozone Disinfection for Elimination of Bacteria and Degradation of SARS-CoV2 RNA for Medical Environments. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:85. [PMID: 36672826 PMCID: PMC9858956 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria and viruses in medical environments can lead to treatment complications and hospital-acquired infections. Current disinfection protocols do not address hard-to-access areas or may be beyond line-of-sight treatment, such as with ultraviolet radiation. The COVID-19 pandemic further underscores the demand for reliable and effective disinfection methods to sterilize a wide array of surfaces and to keep up with the supply of personal protective equipment (PPE). We tested the efficacy of Sani Sport ozone devices to treat hospital equipment and surfaces for killing Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Deinococcus radiodurans by assessing Colony Forming Units (CFUs) after 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h of ozone treatment. Further gene expression analysis was conducted on live E. coli K12 immediately post treatment to understand the oxidative damage stress response transcriptome profile. Ozone treatment was also used to degrade synthetic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA as assessed by qPCR CT values. We observed significant and rapid killing of medically relevant and environmental bacteria across four surfaces (blankets, catheter, remotes, and syringes) within 30 min, and up to a 99% reduction in viable bacteria at the end of 2 h treatment cycles. RNA-seq analysis of E. coli K12 revealed 447 differentially expressed genes in response to ozone treatment and an enrichment for oxidative stress response and related pathways. RNA degradation of synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA was seen an hour into ozone treatment as compared to non-treated controls, and a non-replicative form of the virus was shown to have significant RNA degradation at 30 min. These results show the strong promise of ozone treatment of surfaces for reducing the risk of hospital-acquired infections and as a method for degradation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Westover
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Savlatjon Rahmatulloev
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Danko
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
| | - Evan E. Afshin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The World Quant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Niamh B. O’Hara
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
| | - Rachid Ounit
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniela Bezdan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Yuri GmbH, 88074 Meckenbeuren, Germany
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Jacobs Technion-Cornell Institute, Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA
- The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Preparation of nano/microcapsules of ozonated olive oil in chitosan matrix and analysis of physicochemical and microbiological properties of the obtained films. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2022.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Castro GB, Bernegossi AC, Sousa BJDO, De Lima E Silva MR, Silva FRD, Freitas BLS, Ogura AP, Corbi JJ. Global occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in environmental aquatic matrices and its implications for sanitation and vulnerabilities in Brazil and developing countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2160-2199. [PMID: 34310248 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1949437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper includes a systematic review of the SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in environmental aquatic matrices and a critical sanitation analysis. We discussed the interconnection of sanitation services (wastewater, water supply, solid waste, and stormwater drainage) functioning as an important network for controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in waters. We collected 98 studies containing data of the SARS-CoV-2 occurrence in aquatic matrices around the world, of which 40% were from developing countries. Alongside a significant number of people infected by the virus, developing countries face socioeconomic deficiencies and insufficient public investment in infrastructure. Therefore, our study focused on highlighting solutions to provide sanitation in developing countries, considering the virus control in waters by disinfection techniques and sanitary measures, including alternatives for the vulnerable communities. The need for multilateral efforts to improve the universal coverage of sanitation services demands urgent attention in a pandemic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleyson B Castro
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline C Bernegossi
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno José de O Sousa
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R Da Silva
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Luíza S Freitas
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Allan P Ogura
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- PPG-SEA and CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano J Corbi
- Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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25
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Henriques TM, Rito B, Proença DN, Morais PV. Application of an Ultrasonic Nebulizer Closet in the Disinfection of Textiles and Footwear. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10472. [PMID: 36078188 PMCID: PMC9518335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of disinfection processes in health safety. Textiles and footwear have been identified as vectors for spreading infections. Therefore, their disinfection can be crucial to controlling pathogens' dissemination. The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial disinfectant aerosolized by an ultrasonic nebulizer closet as an effective method for disinfecting textiles and footwear. The disinfection was evaluated in three steps: suspension tests; nebulization in a 0.08 m3 closet; nebulization in the upscaled 0.58 m3 closet. The disinfection process of textiles and footwear was followed by the use of bacteriophages, bacterial spores, and bacterial cells. The disinfection in the 0.58 m3 closet was efficient for textiles (4 log reduction) when bacteriophage Lambda, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis were used. The footwear disinfection was achieved (4 log reduction) in the 0.08 m3 closet for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Disinfection in an ultrasonic nebulization closet has advantages such as being quick, not wetting, being efficient on porous surfaces, and is performed at room temperature. Ultrasonic nebulization disinfection in a closet proves to be useful in clothing and footwear stores to prevent pathogen transmission by the items' widespread handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago M. Henriques
- UCCCB—University of Coimbra Bacteria Culture Collection, Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- IATV—Instituto do Ambiente Tecnologia e Vida, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Rito
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo N. Proença
- UCCCB—University of Coimbra Bacteria Culture Collection, Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula V. Morais
- UCCCB—University of Coimbra Bacteria Culture Collection, Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Mortazavi M, Bains A, Afsah-Hejri L, Ehsani R, LiWang PJ. SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus persists on the surface of multiple produce but can be inactivated with gaseous ozone. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10280. [PMID: 35991981 PMCID: PMC9376980 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the immense societal and economic impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused, limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important priorities at this time. The global interconnectedness of the food industry makes it one of the biggest concerns for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. Although fomites are currently considered a low-risk route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, new variants of the virus can potentially alter the transmission dynamics. In this study, we compared the survival rate of pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 on plastic with some commonly used food samples (i.e., apple, strawberry, grapes, tomato, cucumber, lettuce, parsley, Brazil nut, almond, cashew, and hazelnut). The porosity level and the chemical composition of different food products affect the virus's stability and infectivity. Our results showed that tomato, cucumber, and apple offer a higher survival rate for the pseudotyped viruses. Next, we explored the effectiveness of ozone in deactivating the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus on the surface of tomato, cucumber, and apple. We found that the virus was effectively inactivated after being exposed to 15 ppm of ozone for 1 h under ambient conditions. SEM imaging revealed that while ozone exposure altered the wax layer on the surface of produce, it did not seem to damage the cells and their biological structures. The results of our study indicate that ozonated air can likely provide a convenient method of effectively disinfecting bulk food shipments that may harbour the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Mortazavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Arjan Bains
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Leili Afsah-Hejri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Reza Ehsani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Patricia J LiWang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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27
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Torres-Mata LB, García-Pérez O, Rodríguez-Esparragón F, Blanco A, Villar J, Ruiz-Apodaca F, Martín-Barrasa JL, González-Martín JM, Serrano-Aguilar P, Piñero JE, Córdoba-Lanús E, Lorenzo-Morales J, Clavo B. Ozone Eliminates SARS-CoV-2 from Difficult-to-Clean Office Supplies and Clinical Equipment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148672. [PMID: 35886529 PMCID: PMC9321385 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to cause profound health, economic, and social problems worldwide. The management and disinfection of materials used daily in health centers and common working environments have prompted concerns about the control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection risk. Ozone is a powerful oxidizing agent that has been widely used in disinfection processes for decades. The aim of this study was to assess the optimal conditions of ozone treatment for the elimination of heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 from office supplies (personal computer monitors, keyboards, and computer mice) and clinical equipment (continuous positive airway pressure tubes and personal protective equipment) that are difficult to clean. (2) Methods: The office supplies and clinical equipment were contaminated in an area of 1 cm2 with 1 × 104 viral units of a heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 strain, then treated with ozone using two different ozone devices: a specifically designed ozonation chamber (for low–medium ozone concentrations over large volumes) and a clinical ozone generator (for high ozone concentrations over small volumes). SARS-CoV-2 gene detection was carried out using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (3) Results: At high ozone concentrations over small surfaces, the ozone eliminated SARS-CoV-2 RNA in short time periods—i.e., 10 min (at 4000 ppm) or less. The optimum ozone concentration over large volumes was 90 ppm for 120 min in ambient conditions (24 °C and 60–75% relative humidity). (4) Conclusions: This study showed that the appropriate ozone concentration and exposure time eliminated heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the surfaces of different widely used clinical and office supplies, decreasing their risk of transmission, and improving their reutilization. Ozone may provide an additional tool to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B. Torres-Mata
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.B.T.-M.); (F.R.-E.); (J.V.); (J.L.M.-B.); (J.M.G.-M.)
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- BioPharm Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Department, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Omar García-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (O.G.-P.); (J.E.P.); (E.C.-L.)
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Dermatología y Psiquiatría, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Red Cooperativa de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-Esparragón
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.B.T.-M.); (F.R.-E.); (J.V.); (J.L.M.-B.); (J.M.G.-M.)
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (O.G.-P.); (J.E.P.); (E.C.-L.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angeles Blanco
- Chemical Engineering & Materials Department, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jesús Villar
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.B.T.-M.); (F.R.-E.); (J.V.); (J.L.M.-B.); (J.M.G.-M.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | | | - José L. Martín-Barrasa
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.B.T.-M.); (F.R.-E.); (J.V.); (J.L.M.-B.); (J.M.G.-M.)
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Aquaculture and Wild Species Health, Infectious Diseases, Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Spain
| | - Jesús M. González-Martín
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.B.T.-M.); (F.R.-E.); (J.V.); (J.L.M.-B.); (J.M.G.-M.)
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (O.G.-P.); (J.E.P.); (E.C.-L.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Serrano-Aguilar
- Red de Investigación en Cronicidad, Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud (RICAPPS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Servicio de Evaluación y Planificación del Servicio Canario de Salud (SESCS), 38109 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Red de Agencias de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias y Prestaciones del Sistema Nacional de Salud (RedETS), 28071 Madrid, Spain
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (O.G.-P.); (J.E.P.); (E.C.-L.)
- Red Cooperativa de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (O.G.-P.); (J.E.P.); (E.C.-L.)
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Dermatología y Psiquiatría, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Red Cooperativa de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (O.G.-P.); (J.E.P.); (E.C.-L.)
- Red Cooperativa de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (B.C.)
| | - Bernardino Clavo
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (L.B.T.-M.); (F.R.-E.); (J.V.); (J.L.M.-B.); (J.M.G.-M.)
- Fundación Canaria del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias (FIISC), 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- BioPharm Group, Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (O.G.-P.); (J.E.P.); (E.C.-L.)
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Pain Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Radiation Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, 35019 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.L.-M.); (B.C.)
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28
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Epelle EI, Emmerson A, Nekrasova M, Macfarlane A, Cusack M, Burns A, Mackay W, Yaseen M. Microbial Inactivation: Gaseous or Aqueous Ozonation? Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:9600-9610. [PMID: 35855724 PMCID: PMC9284554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
For decades, ozone
has been known to have antimicrobial properties
when dissolved or generated in water and when utilized in its gaseous
form on different substrates. This property (the ability to be used
in air and water) makes it versatile and applicable to different industries.
Although the medium of ozonation depends on the specific process requirements,
some industries have the inherent flexibility of medium selection.
Thus, it is important to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy in both
media at similar concentrations, an endeavor hardly reported in the
literature. This study provides insights into ozone’s efficacy
in air and water using two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli NTCC1290 and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa NCTC10332), two Gram-positive bacteria
(Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Streptococcus mutans), and two fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus). For gaseous ozonation, we utilized a custom-made ozone chamber
(equipped with ultraviolet lamps), whereas an electrolysis oxygen
radical generator was applied for ozone generation in water. During
gaseous ozonation, the contaminated substrates (fabric swatches inoculated
with bacterial and fungal suspensions) were suspended in the chamber,
whereas the swatches were immersed in ozonated water for aqueous ozone
treatment. The stability of ozone nanobubbles and their resulting
impact on the aqueous disinfection efficiency were studied via dynamic
light scattering measurements. It was observed that ozone is more
effective in air than in water on all tested organisms except Staphylococcus aureus. The presented findings allow
for the adjustment of the treatment conditions (exposure time and
concentration) for optimal decontamination, particularly when a certain
medium is preferred for ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel I Epelle
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, U.K.,ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, U.K
| | - Amy Emmerson
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, U.K
| | - Marija Nekrasova
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, U.K
| | - Andrew Macfarlane
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, U.K
| | - Michael Cusack
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, U.K
| | - Anthony Burns
- ACS Clothing, 6 Dovecote Road Central Point Logistics Park ML1 4GP, U.K
| | - William Mackay
- School of Health & Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, U.K
| | - Mohammed Yaseen
- School of Computing, Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, U.K
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29
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Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Convectively Assembled Colloidal Crystals. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070480. [PMID: 35884283 PMCID: PMC9312794 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, selective and portable virus detection is in high demand globally. However, differentiating non-infectious viral particles from intact/infectious viruses is still a rarely satisfied sensing requirement. Using the negative space within monolayers of polystyrene (PS) spheres deposited directly on gold electrodes, we fabricated tuneable nanochannels decorated with target-selective bioreceptors that facilitate the size-selective detection of intact viruses. Detection occurred through selective nanochannel blockage of diffusion of a redox probe, [Fe(CN)6]3/4−, allowing a quantifiable change in the oxidation current before and after analyte binding to the bioreceptor immobilised on the spheres. Our model system involved partial surface passivation of the mono-assembled PS spheres, by silica glancing angle deposition, to confine bioreceptor immobilisation specifically to the channels and improve particle detection sensitivity. Virus detection was first optimised and modelled with biotinylated gold nanoparticles, recognised by streptavidin immobilised on the PS layer, reaching a low limit of detection of 37 particles/mL. Intact, label-free virus detection was demonstrated using MS2 bacteriophage (~23–28 nm), a marker of microbiological contamination, showing an excellent limit of detection of ~1.0 pfu/mL. Tuneable nanochannel geometries constructed directly on sensing electrodes offer label-free, sensitive, and cost-efficient point-of-care biosensing platforms that could be applied for a wide range of viruses.
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30
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Rangel K, Cabral FO, Lechuga GC, Carvalho JPRS, Villas-Bôas MHS, Midlej V, De-Simone SG. Potent Activity of a High Concentration of Chemical Ozone against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2022; 27:3998. [PMID: 35807244 PMCID: PMC9268618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant public health problem worldwide, favoring multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The SARS-CoV-2 infection was negatively associated with the increase in antimicrobial resistance, and the ESKAPE group had the most significant impact on HAIs. The study evaluated the bactericidal effect of a high concentration of O3 gas on some reference and ESKAPE bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS Four standard strains and four clinical or environmental MDR strains were exposed to elevated ozone doses at different concentrations and times. Bacterial inactivation (growth and cultivability) was investigated using colony counts and resazurin as metabolic indicators. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. RESULTS The culture exposure to a high level of O3 inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains tested with a statistically significant reduction in colony count compared to the control group. The cell viability of S. aureus (MRSA) (99.6%) and P. aeruginosa (XDR) (29.2%) was reduced considerably, and SEM showed damage to bacteria after O3 treatment Conclusion: The impact of HAIs can be easily dampened by the widespread use of ozone in ICUs. This product usually degrades into molecular oxygen and has a low toxicity compared to other sanitization products. However, high doses of ozone were able to interfere with the growth of all strains studied, evidencing that ozone-based decontamination approaches may represent the future of hospital cleaning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyne Rangel
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Fellipe O. Cabral
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.O.C.); (M.H.S.V.-B.)
| | - Guilherme C. Lechuga
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - João P. R. S. Carvalho
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
| | - Maria H. S. Villas-Bôas
- Microbiology Department, National Institute for Quality Control in Health (INCQS), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.O.C.); (M.H.S.V.-B.)
| | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Ultrastructure, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
| | - Salvatore G. De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Neglected Population Diseases (INCT-IDPN), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (G.C.L.); (J.P.R.S.C.)
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, Brazil
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Kumar A, Hasija V, Sudhaik A, Raizada P, Nguyen VH, Le QV, Singh P, Nguyen DC, Thakur S, Hussain CM. The practicality and prospects for disinfection control by photocatalysis during and post-pandemic: A critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112814. [PMID: 35090874 PMCID: PMC8789448 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of global health implications from the COVID-19 pandemic necessitates the innovation and large-scale application of disinfection technologies for contaminated surfaces, air, and wastewater as the significant transmission media of disease. To date, primarily recommended disinfection practices are energy exhausting, chemical driven, and cause severe impact on the environment. The research on advanced oxidation processes has been recognized as promising strategies for disinfection purposes. In particular, semiconductor-based photocatalysis is an effective renewable solar-driven technology that relies on the reactive oxidative species, mainly hydroxyl (•OH) and superoxide (•O2-) radicals, for rupturing the capsid shell of the virus and loss of pathogenicity. However, the limited understanding of critical aspects such as viral photo-inactivation mechanism, rapid virus mutagenicity, and virus viability for a prolonged time restricts the large-scale application of photocatalytic disinfection technology. In this work, fundamentals of photocatalysis disinfection phenomena are addressed with a reviewed remark on the reported literature of semiconductor photocatalysts efficacies against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, to validate the photocatalysis process on an industrial scale, we provide updated data on available commercial modalities for an effective virus photo-inactivation process. An elaborative discussion on the long-term challenges and sustainable solutions is suggested to fill in the existing knowledge gaps. We anticipate this review will ignite interest among researchers to pave the way to the photocatalysis process for disinfecting virus-contaminated environments and surfaces for current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Vasudha Hasija
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Anita Sudhaik
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India.
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India.
| | - D C Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, Danang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, N J, 07102, USA.
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Caggiano G, Lopuzzo M, Spagnuolo V, Diella G, Triggiano F, D’Ambrosio M, Trerotoli P, Marcotrigiano V, Barbuti G, Sorrenti GT, Magarelli P, Sorrenti DP, Napoli C, Montagna MT. Investigations on the Efficacy of Ozone as an Environmental Sanitizer in Large Supermarkets. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050608. [PMID: 35631128 PMCID: PMC9147425 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the importance of the microbial contamination of air and surfaces has increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of bacteria and fungi in the air and on surfaces within some critical areas of large supermarkets with and without an ozonation system. Surveys were conducted in four supermarkets belonging to the same commercial chain of an Apulian city in June 2021, of which two (A and B) were equipped with an ozonation system, and two (C and D) did not have any air-diffused remediation treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the total bacterial count (TBC) and total fungal count (TFC) in the air between A/B and C/D supermarkets (p = 0.0042 and p = 0.0002, respectively). Regarding surfaces, a statistically significant difference in TBC emerged between A/B and C/D supermarkets (p = 0.0101). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the effect of ozone on commercial structures in Italy. Future investigations, supported by a multidisciplinary approach, will make it possible to deepen the knowledge on this method of sanitation, in light of any other epidemic/pandemic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caggiano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)-80-5478-475
| | - Marco Lopuzzo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (V.S.); (F.T.); (M.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Valentina Spagnuolo
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (V.S.); (F.T.); (M.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (V.S.); (F.T.); (M.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Marilena D’Ambrosio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (V.S.); (F.T.); (M.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Marcotrigiano
- Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Local Health Unit BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy; (V.M.); (G.T.S.); (P.M.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Giovanna Barbuti
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.L.); (V.S.); (F.T.); (M.D.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanni Trifone Sorrenti
- Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Local Health Unit BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy; (V.M.); (G.T.S.); (P.M.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Pantaleo Magarelli
- Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Local Health Unit BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy; (V.M.); (G.T.S.); (P.M.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Domenico Pio Sorrenti
- Department of Prevention, Food Hygiene and Nutrition Service, Local Health Unit BT, Barletta-Andria-Trani, 76125 Trani, Italy; (V.M.); (G.T.S.); (P.M.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Montagna
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Hygiene Section, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.D.); (P.T.); (M.T.M.)
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Inactivating SARS-CoV-2 Surrogates on Surfaces Using Engineered Water Nanostructures Incorporated with Nature Derived Antimicrobials. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101735. [PMID: 35630957 PMCID: PMC9146109 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The continuing cases of COVID-19 due to emerging strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus underscore the urgent need to develop effective antiviral technologies. A crucial aspect of reducing transmission of the virus is through environmental disinfection. To this end, a nanotechnology-based antimicrobial platform utilizing engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) was utilized to challenge the human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), a surrogate of SARS-CoV-2, on surfaces. The EWNS were synthesized using electrospray and ionization of aqueous solutions of antimicrobials, had a size in the nanoscale, and contained both antimicrobial agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Various EWNS were synthesized using single active ingredients (AI) as well as their combinations. The results of EWNS treatment indicate that EWNS produced with a cocktail of hydrogen peroxide, citric acid, lysozyme, nisin, and triethylene glycol was able to inactivate 3.8 logs of HCoV-229E, in 30 s of treatment. The delivered dose of antimicrobials to the surface was measured to be in pico to nanograms. These results indicate the efficacy of EWNS technology as a nano-carrier for delivering a minuscule dose while inactivating HCoV-229E, making this an attractive technology against SARS-CoV-2.
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Yap TF, Hsu JC, Liu Z, Rayavara K, Tat V, Tseng CTK, Preston DJ. Efficacy and self-similarity of SARS-CoV-2 thermal decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:127709. [PMID: 35086724 PMCID: PMC8572375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dry heat decontamination has been shown to effectively inactivate viruses without compromising the integrity of delicate personal protective equipment (PPE), allowing safe reuse and helping to alleviate shortages of PPE that have arisen due to COVID-19. Unfortunately, current thermal decontamination guidelines rely on empirical data which are often sparse, limited to a specific virus, and unable to provide fundamental insight into the underlying inactivation reaction. In this work, we experimentally quantified dry heat decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 on disposable masks and validated a model that treats the inactivation reaction as thermal degradation of macromolecules. Furthermore, upon nondimensionalization, all of the experimental data collapse onto a unified curve, revealing that the thermally driven decontamination process exhibits self-similar behavior. Our results show that heating surgical masks to 70 °C for 5 min inactivates over 99.9% of SARS-CoV-2. We also characterized the chemical and physical properties of disposable masks after heat treatment and did not observe degradation. The model presented in this work enables extrapolation of results beyond specific temperatures to provide guidelines for safe PPE decontamination. The modeling framework and self-similar behavior are expected to extend to most viruses-including yet-unencountered novel viruses-while accounting for a range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Faye Yap
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jason C Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Kempaiah Rayavara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vivian Tat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Chien-Te K Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Center for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Daniel J Preston
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Kumar A, Soni V, Singh P, Parwaz Khan AA, Nazim M, Mohapatra S, Saini V, Raizada P, Hussain CM, Shaban M, Marwani HM, Asiri AM. Green aspects of photocatalysts during corona pandemic: a promising role for the deactivation of COVID-19 virus. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13609-13627. [PMID: 35530385 PMCID: PMC9073611 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08981a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of a facile, eco-friendly, and effective methodology is the need of the hour for efficient curing of the COVID-19 virus in air, water, and many food products. Recently, semiconductor-based photocatalytic methodologies have provided promising, green, and sustainable approaches to battle against viral activation via the oxidative capabilities of various photocatalysts with excellent performance under moderate conditions and negligible by-products generation as well. Considering this, recent advances in photocatalysis for combating the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are inclusively highlighted. Starting from the origin to the introduction of the coronavirus, the significant potential of photocatalysis against viral prevention and -disinfection is discussed thoroughly. Various photocatalytic material-based systems including metal-oxides, metal-free and advanced 2D materials (MXenes, MOFs and COFs) are systematically examined to understand the mechanistic insights of virus-disinfection in the human body to fight against COVID-19 disease. Also, a roadmap toward sustainable solutions for ongoing COVID-19 contagion is also presented. Finally, the challenges in this field and future perspectives are comprehensively discussed involving the bottlenecks of current photocatalytic systems along with potential recommendations to deal with upcoming pandemic situations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinandan Kumar
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Vatika Soni
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nazim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology 61 Daehak-ro Gumi-si Gyeongbuk-do 39177 Republic of Korea
| | - Satyabrata Mohapatra
- University School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Dwarka New Delhi 110078 India
| | - Vipin Saini
- Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College Kumarhatti Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University Solan Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | | | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Relationship between Meteorological and Air Quality Parameters and COVID-19 in Casablanca Region, Morocco. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094989. [PMID: 35564384 PMCID: PMC9100265 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between meteorological parameters, air quality and daily COVID-19 transmission in Morocco. We collected daily data of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Casablanca region, as well as meteorological parameters (average temperature, wind, relative humidity, precipitation, duration of insolation) and air quality parameters (CO, NO2, 03, SO2, PM10) during the period of 2 March 2020, to 31 December 2020. The General Additive Model (GAM) was used to assess the impact of these parameters on daily cases of COVID-19. A total of 172,746 confirmed cases were reported in the study period. Positive associations were observed between COVID-19 and wind above 20 m/s and humidity above 80%. However, temperatures above 25° were negatively associated with daily cases of COVID-19. PM10 and O3 had a positive effect on the increase in the number of daily confirmed COVID-19 cases, while precipitation had a borderline effect below 25 mm and a negative effect above this value. The findings in this study suggest that significant associations exist between meteorological factors, air quality pollution (PM10) and the transmission of COVID-19. Our findings may help public health authorities better control the spread of COVID-19.
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Tizaoui C, Stanton R, Statkute E, Rubina A, Lester-Card E, Lewis A, Holliman P, Worsley D. Ozone for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation on surfaces and in liquid cell culture media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128251. [PMID: 35032958 PMCID: PMC8744407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, by ozone using virus grown in cell culture media either dried on surfaces (plastic, glass, stainless steel, copper, and coupons of ambulance seat and floor) or suspended in liquid. Treatment in liquid reduced SARS-CoV-2 at a rate of 0.92 ± 0.11 log10-reduction per ozone CT dose(mg min/L); where CT is ozone concentration times exposure time. On surface, the synergistic effect of CT and relative humidity (RH) was key to virus inactivation; the rate varied from 0.01 to 0.27 log10-reduction per ozone CT value(g min/m3) as RH varied from 17% to 70%. Depletion of ozone by competitive reactions with the medium constituents, mass transfer limiting the penetration of ozone to the bulk of the medium, and occlusion of the virus in dried matrix were postulated as potential mechanisms that reduce ozone efficacy. RH70% was found plausible since it provided the highest disinfection rate while being below the critical RH that promotes mould growth in buildings. In conclusion, through careful choice of (CT, RH), gaseous ozone is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and our results are of significance to a growing field where ozone is applied to control the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chedly Tizaoui
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard Stanton
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Evelina Statkute
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Anzelika Rubina
- Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Lester-Card
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Lewis
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Holliman
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Dave Worsley
- College of Engineering, Bay Campus, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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Soni V, Khosla A, Singh P, Nguyen VH, Le QV, Selvasembian R, Hussain CM, Thakur S, Raizada P. Current perspective in metal oxide based photocatalysts for virus disinfection: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 308:114617. [PMID: 35121465 PMCID: PMC8803534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology holds huge potential for the prevention of various viral outbreaks that have increased at a disquieting rate over the past decades. Metal oxide nanomaterials with oxidative capability are the effective materials that provide platforms as well as tools for the well understanding of the mechanism, its detection, and treatment of various viral diseases like measles, influenza, herpes, ebola, current COVID-19 etc. In this inclusive review, we survey various previous research articles on different notable photoactive transition metal oxides that possess enough potential to act as antiviral agents for the deactivation of harmful viruses. We investigated and highlighted the plausible photocatalytic oxidative mechanism of photoactive transition metal oxides in degrading viral coatings, genomic RNA using suitable free radical generation. The key finding of the present review article including the discovery of a vision on the suitable photocatalytic transition metal oxides that have been proven to be excellent against harmful viruses and consequently combatting deadly CoV-2 in the environment. This review intends to provide conclusive remarks and a realistic outlook on other advanced photocatalytic metal oxides as a potential solution in battling other similar upcoming pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vatika Soni
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Atul Khosla
- School of Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, HP, India, 173229
| | - Pardeep Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Quyet Van Le
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | | | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, N J, 07102, USA
| | - Sourbh Thakur
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Pankaj Raizada
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India.
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Huang M, Hasan MK, Rathore K, Hil Baky MA, Lassalle J, Kraus J, Burnette M, Campbell C, Wang K, Jemison H, Pillai S, Pharr M, Staack D. Plasma generated ozone and reactive oxygen species for point of use PPE decontamination system. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262818. [PMID: 35213564 PMCID: PMC8880944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) method for decontamination of PPE (N95 respirators and gowns) using a surface DBD source to meet the increased need of PPE due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A system is presented consisting of a mobile trailer (35 m3) along with several Dielectric barrier discharge sources installed for generating a plasma ROS level to achieve viral decontamination. The plasma ROS treated respirators were evaluated at the CDC NPPTL, and additional PPE specimens and material functionality testing were performed at Texas A&M. The effects of decontamination on the performance of respirators were tested using a modified version of the NIOSH Standard Test Procedure TEB-APR-STP-0059 to determine particulate filtration efficiency. The treated Prestige Ameritech and BYD brand N95 respirators show filtration efficiencies greater than 95% and maintain their integrity. The overall mechanical and functionality tests for plasma ROS treated PPE show no significant variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kavita Rathore
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Md Abdullah Hil Baky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Lassalle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jamie Kraus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matthew Burnette
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher Campbell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kunpeng Wang
- LTEOIL LLC, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Suresh Pillai
- Center for Electron Beam Food Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Matt Pharr
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Staack
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Veronesi G, De Matteis S, Calori G, Pepe N, Ferrario MM. Long-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 incidence: a prospective study of residents in the city of Varese, Northern Italy. Occup Environ Med 2022; 79:192-199. [PMID: 35012995 PMCID: PMC8764713 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between long-term exposure to airborne pollutants and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 up to March 2021 in a prospective study of residents in Varese city. METHODS Citizens of Varese aged ≥18 years as of 31 December 2019 were linked by residential address to 2018 average annual exposure to outdoor concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, NO and ozone modelled using the Flexible Air quality Regional Model (FARM) chemical transport model. Citizens were further linked to regional datasets for COVID-19 case ascertainment (positive nasopharyngeal swab specimens) and to define age, sex, living in a residential care home, population density and comorbidities. We estimated rate ratios and additional numbers of cases per 1 µg/m3 increase in air pollutants from single- and bi-pollutant Poisson regression models. RESULTS The 62 848 residents generated 4408 cases. Yearly average PM2.5 exposure was 12.5 µg/m3. Age, living in a residential care home, history of stroke and medications for diabetes, hypertension and obstructive airway diseases were independently associated with COVID-19. In single-pollutant multivariate models, PM2.5 was associated with a 5.1% increase in the rate of COVID-19 (95% CI 2.7% to 7.5%), corresponding to 294 additional cases per 100 000 person-years. The association was confirmed in bi-pollutant models; excluding subjects in residential care homes; and further adjusting for area-based indicators of socioeconomic level and use of public transportation. Similar findings were observed for PM10, NO2 and NO. Ozone was associated with a 2% decrease in disease rate, the association being reversed in bi-pollutant models. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to low levels of air pollutants, especially PM2.5, increased the incidence of COVID-19. The causality warrants confirmation in future studies; meanwhile, government efforts to further reduce air pollution should continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Sara De Matteis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Marco M Ferrario
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Sanito RC, You SJ, Wang YF. Degradation of contaminants in plasma technology: An overview. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127390. [PMID: 34879580 PMCID: PMC8500698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The information of plasma technologies applications for environmental clean-up on treating and degrading metals, metalloids, dyes, biomass, antibiotics, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bacteria, virus and fungi is compiled and organized in the review article. Different reactor configurations of plasma technology have been applied for reactive species generation, responsible for the pollutants removal, hydrogen and methane production and microorganism inactivation. Therefore, in this review article, the reactive species from discharge plasma are presented here to provide the insight into the environmental applications. The combinations of plasma technology with flux agent and photocatalytic are also given in this review paper associated with the setup of the plasma system on the removal process of metals, VOCs, and microorganisms. Furthermore, the potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inactivation via plasma technology is also described in this review paper. Detailed information of plasma parameter configuration is given to support the influence of the critical process in the plasma system to deal with contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynard Christianson Sanito
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Jie You
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Fen Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200 Chung Pei Road, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC.
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Marín-García D, Bienvenido-Huertas D, Moyano J, Oliveira MJ. In-situ disinfection of wastes generated in dwellings by utilizing ozone for their safe incorporation into the recycling chain. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 139:60-69. [PMID: 34942557 PMCID: PMC9759263 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has certainly changed behaviour patterns in many aspects of life, such as the management of solid wastes inside residential spaces. The goal of this research work is to study an ozone generator device as a disinfection and sterilization tool for these wastes in dwellings themselves, thus re-establishing the selective collection to take them back to the recycling chain. In addition, an approach to the risk verification is made. The methodology is based on an experimentation with a device designed to be as cheap as possible. A room like a bedroom is used as a test bed to apply the device, but with no people inside the room to avoid risks. The results show that the device is feasible, concluding that risks are acceptable if its use is correct and appropriate equipment is available to be applied and controlled, all without prejudice of the rigorous control by the competent authorities that approve its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marín-García
- Department of Graphical Expression and Building Engineering, Higher Technical School of Building Engineering, University of Seville. 4A Reina Mercedes Avenue, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - David Bienvenido-Huertas
- Department of Building Construction II, Higher Technical School of Building Engineering, University of Seville. 4A Reina Mercedes Avenue, Seville 41012, Spain and Department of Building Construction, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Moyano
- Department of Graphical Expression and Building Engineering, Higher Technical School of Building Engineering, University of Seville. 4A Reina Mercedes Avenue, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Miguel José Oliveira
- Institute of Engineering, University of Algarve, Campus da Penha, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Nicolò MS, Rizzo MG, Palermo N, Gugliandolo C, Cuzzocrea S, Guglielmino SPP. Evaluation of Betacoronavirus OC43 and SARS-CoV-2 Elimination by Zefero Air Sanitizer Device in a Novel Laboratory Recirculation System. Pathogens 2022; 11:221. [PMID: 35215162 PMCID: PMC8877762 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoor air sanitizers contrast airborne diseases and particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The commercial air sanitizer Zefero (Cf7 S.r.l., San Giovanni La Punta, Italy) works alternatively using a set of integrated disinfecting technologies (namely Photocatalysis/UV mode) or by generating ozone (Ozone mode). Here we evaluated the virucidal efficacy of Zefero setup modes against human Betacoronavirus OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we designed a laboratory test system in which each virus, as aerosol, was treated with Photocatalysis/UV or Ozone mode and returned into a recirculation plexiglass chamber. Aerosol samples were collected after different times of exposure, corresponding to different volumes of air treated. The viral RNA concentration was determined by qRT-PCR. In Photocatalysis/UV mode, viral RNA of OC43 or SARS-CoV-2 was not detected after 120 or 90 min treatment, respectively, whereas in Ozone mode, viruses were eliminated after 30 or 45 min, respectively. Our results indicated that the integrated technologies used in the air sanitizer Zefero are effective in eliminating both viruses. As a reliable experimental system, the recirculation chamber developed in this study represents a suitable apparatus for effectively comparing the disinfection capacity of different air sanitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Salvatore P. P. Guglielmino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno D’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.S.N.); (M.G.R.); (N.P.); (C.G.); (S.C.)
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44
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Yasugi M, Komura Y, Ishigami Y. Mechanisms underlying inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by nano-sized electrostatic atomized water particles. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 24:99. [PMID: 35573750 PMCID: PMC9091134 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-022-05485-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a serious global issue. To prevent viral transmission, it is important to disinfect contaminated environmental surfaces and aerosols. We previously demonstrated that nano-sized electrostatic atomized water particles (NEAWPs) inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we focused on the underlying mechanisms. Morphological observation by transmission electron microscopy revealed that compared with NEAWPs-untreated virus, the shapes of particles corresponding to the size of SARS-CoV-2 particles were distorted significantly when exposed to NEAWPs. The amounts of viral RNA and protein in NEAWPs-treated SARS-CoV-2 showed a significantly greater decline than those in viruses unexposed to NEAWPs. Furthermore, much less NEAWPs-treated SARS-CoV-2 than NEAWPs-untreated virus bound to host cells. These results strongly suggest that NEAWPs damage the viral envelope, as well as viral protein and RNA, thereby impairing the ability of the virus to bind to host cells. Reactive oxygen species in NEAWPs may be involved in the inactivating effects on SARS-CoV-2. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11051-022-05485-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Yasugi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
- Present Address: Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-58 Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531 Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka Japan
- Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Komura
- Panasonic Corporation, Living Appliances and Solutions Company, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan
| | - Yohei Ishigami
- Panasonic Corporation, Living Appliances and Solutions Company, Kusatsu, Shiga Japan
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45
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Xu L, Taylor JE, Kaiser J. Short-term air pollution exposure and COVID-19 infection in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118369. [PMID: 34740737 PMCID: PMC8561119 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Sars-CoV-2 disease (known as COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency. Researchers have been unveiling the transmission mechanisms and disclosing possible contributing factors. Studies have theorized plausible linkage mechanisms between air pollution exposure and COVID-19 infection and have divided the air pollution exposure into two types: long-term exposure and short-term exposure. However, present studies on impacts of short-term exposure have not reached a conclusive result and are mostly focusing on Asian and European countries. In this study, we conduct a nationwide analysis to examine the association between short-term air pollution exposure and COVID-19 infection in the United States. Daily confirmed cases, air pollution information, and meteorological factors at the county level were collected between March 1st and June 30th, 2020. A total of 806 (out of 3143) counties were included in this study, with 554 counties for PM2.5 and 670 counties for ozone (O3), which account for around 2.1 million cumulative confirmed cases, i.e., about 80% of all confirmed cases in the U.S. over the study period. A generalized additive model was applied to investigate the relationship between short-term exposure to PM2.5/O3 and COVID-19 confirmed cases. The statistically significant results indicate that, with every 10 μg/m3 increase in mean pollutant concentration, the number of daily confirmed cases increases by 9.41% (CI: 8.77%-10.04%) for PM2.5 and by 2.42% (CI: 1.56%-3.28%) for O3. The relative risks associated with short-term PM2.5 exposure remain positive after isolating the impacts of long-term exposure. The results of this study suggest that short-term exposure to air pollution, especially to PM2.5, may contribute to the spread and course of the pandemic. This finding has important implications for policymakers and the public to take preventive measures such as staying at home on polluted days while improving ventilation indoors to lower the probability of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| | - John E Taylor
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States.
| | - Jennifer Kaiser
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States; School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 790 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
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Liang Z, Xu X, Cao R, Wan Q, Xu H, Wang J, Lin Y, Huang T, Wen G. Synergistic effect of ozone and chlorine on inactivating fungal spores: Influencing factors and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126610. [PMID: 34271445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective control of fungal contamination in water is vital to provide healthy and safe drinking water for human beings. Although ozone was highly effective in inactivating fungi in water, it was limited by a lack of continuous disinfection ability in water supply system. In present study, the inactivation of fungal spores by combining ozone and chlorine was investigated. The synergistic effects of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma harzianum spores reached 0.47- and 0.55-log within 10 min, respectively. The inactivation efficiency and the synergistic effect would be affected by disinfectant concentration, pH, and temperature. The combined inactivation caused more violent oxidative stimulation and more severe damage to the fungal spores than the individual inactivation based on the flow cytometry analysis and the scanning electron microscopy observation. The synergistic effect during the combined inactivation process was attributed to the generation of hydroxyl radicals by the reaction between ozone and chlorine and the promotion of chlorine penetration by the destruction of cell wall by ozone. The combined inactivation efficiency in natural water samples was reduced by 26.4-43.8% compared with that in PBS. The results of this study provided an efficient and feasible disinfection method for the control of fungi in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Liang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiangqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Ruihua Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Qiqi Wan
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Huining Xu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Yingzi Lin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, PR China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
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Seidi F, Deng C, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Huang Y, Li C, Xiao H. Functionalized Masks: Powerful Materials against COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102453. [PMID: 34319644 PMCID: PMC8420174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 revealed the vulnerability of commercially available face masks. Without having antibacterial/antiviral activities, the current masks act only as filtering materials of the aerosols containing microorganisms. Meanwhile, in surgical masks, the viral and bacterial filtration highly depends on the electrostatic charges of masks. These electrostatic charges disappear after 8 h, which leads to a significant decline in filtration efficiency. Therefore, to enhance the masks' protection performance, fabrication of innovative masks with more advanced functions is in urgent demand. This review summarizes the various functionalizing agents which can endow four important functions in the masks including i) boosting the antimicrobial and self-disinfectant characteristics via incorporating metal nanoparticles or photosensitizers, ii) increasing the self-cleaning by inserting superhydrophobic materials such as graphenes and alkyl silanes, iii) creating photo/electrothermal properties by forming graphene and metal thin films within the masks, and iv) incorporating triboelectric nanogenerators among the friction layers of masks to stabilize the electrostatic charges and facilitating the recharging of masks. The strategies for creating these properties toward the functionalized masks are discussed in detail. The effectiveness and limitation of each method in generating the desired properties are well-explained along with addressing the prospects for the future development of masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Chao Deng
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Yajie Zhong
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Yang Huang
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and MaterialsNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada
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Falcó I, Randazzo W, Sánchez G, Vilarroig J, Climent J, Chiva S, Chica A, Navarro-Laboulais J. Experimental and CFD evaluation of ozone efficacy against coronavirus and enteric virus contamination on public transport surfaces. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:106217. [PMID: 34422551 PMCID: PMC8367738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The limited information about the routes of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within the ongoing pandemic scenario mobilized the administration, industry and academy to develop sanitation and disinfection systems for public and private spaces. Ozone has been proposed as an effective disinfection method against enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, including viruses with similar morphology to SARS-CoV-2. Due to this efficacy, numerous gaseous and aqueous phase ozone applications have emerged potentially to inhibit virus persistence in aerosols, surfaces, and water. In this work, a numerical model, a RANS CFD model for ozone dispersion inside tram and underground coach has been developed including the chemical self-decomposition and surface reactions of the ozone. The CFD model has been developed for a real tram coach of 28.6 × 2.4 × 2.2 m (L × W × H) using 1.76 million nodes and the Menter's shear stress transport turbulence model. The model predicts the O3 concentration needed to meet disinfection criteria and the fluid dynamics inside the public transport coach. The effectiveness of the system has been validated with laboratory and field tests in real full-scale coach using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and murine norovirus (MNV-1) as SARS-CoV-2 and human norovirus surrogates, respectively. Lab-scale experiments on plastic surfaces demonstrated O3 disinfection (100 ppm, 95% RH, 25 min) inactivate > 99.8% MNV-1 and PEDV. Additionally, field tests in real full-scale coach demostrate the efficacy of the system as > 98.6% of infectious MNV-1 and > 96.3% PEDV were inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Falcó
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Walter Randazzo
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Sánchez
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Vilarroig
- Hydrodynamic and Environmental Services, Av. del Mar, 53, 12003 Castellón, Spain
| | - Javier Climent
- Hydrodynamic and Environmental Services, Av. del Mar, 53, 12003 Castellón, Spain
| | - Sergio Chiva
- Universitat Jaume I, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Construction, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - A Chica
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avd. de Los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Navarro-Laboulais
- Department of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Takeda Y, Jamsransuren D, Makita Y, Kaneko A, Matsuda S, Ogawa H, Oh H. Inactivation Activities of Ozonated Water, Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Ethanol against SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2021; 26:5465. [PMID: 34576934 PMCID: PMC8471879 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the SARS-CoV-2-inactivation activity and virucidal mechanisms of ozonated water (OW) with those of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and 70% ethanol (EtOH). SARS-CoV-2-inactivation activity was evaluated in a virus solution containing 1%, 20% or 40% fetal bovine serum (FBS) with OW, SAEW or EtOH at a virus-to-test solution ratio of 1:9, 1:19 or 1:99 for a reaction time of 20 s. EtOH showed the strongest virucidal activity, followed by SAEW and OW. Even though EtOH potently inactivated the virus despite the 40% FBS concentration, virus inactivation by OW and SAEW decreased in proportion to the increase in FBS concentration. Nevertheless, OW and SAEW showed potent virucidal activity with 40% FBS at a virus-to-test solution ratio of 1:99. Real-time PCR targeting the viral genome revealed that cycle threshold values in the OW and SAEW groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, suggesting that OW and SAEW disrupted the viral genome. Western blotting analysis targeting the recombinant viral spike protein S1 subunit showed a change in the specific band into a ladder upon treatment with OW and SAEW. OW and SAEW may cause conformational changes in the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Takeda
- Research Center for Global Agromedicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.); (H.O.)
| | - Dulamjav Jamsransuren
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.); (H.O.)
| | - Yoshimasa Makita
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha Hanazono Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan;
| | - Akihiro Kaneko
- Department of Oral Surgery, Ikegami General Hospital, 6-1-19 Ikegami Ootaku, Tokyo 146-8531, Japan;
| | - Sachiko Matsuda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.); (H.O.)
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, 2-11 Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (D.J.); (S.M.); (H.O.)
| | - Hourei Oh
- Center of Innovation in Dental Education, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha Hanazono Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
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Franke G, Knobling B, Brill FH, Becker B, Klupp EM, Belmar Campos C, Pfefferle S, Lütgehetmann M, Knobloch JK. An automated room disinfection system using ozone is highly active against surrogates for SARS-CoV-2. J Hosp Infect 2021; 112:108-113. [PMID: 33864891 PMCID: PMC8046700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of coronaviruses on surfaces in the patient environment is a potential source of indirect transmission. Manual cleaning and disinfection measures do not always achieve sufficient removal of surface contamination. This increases the importance of automated solutions in the context of final disinfection of rooms in the hospital setting. Ozone is a highly effective disinfectant which, combined with high humidity, is an effective agent against respiratory viruses. Current devices allow continuous nebulization for high room humidity as well as ozone production without any consumables. AIM In the following study, the effectiveness of a fully automatic room decontamination system based on ozone was tested against bacteriophage Φ6 (phi 6) and bovine coronavirus L9, as surrogate viruses for the pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. METHODS For this purpose, various surfaces (ceramic tile, stainless steel surface and furniture board) were soiled with the surrogate viruses and placed at two different levels in a gas-tight test room. After using the automatic decontamination device according to the manufacturer's instructions, the surrogate viruses were recovered from the surfaces and examined by quantitative cultures. Then, reduction factors were calculated. FINDINGS The ozone-based room decontamination device achieved virucidal efficacy (reduction factor >4 log10) against both surrogate organisms regardless of the different surfaces and positions confirming a high activity under the used conditions. CONCLUSION Ozone is highly active against SARS-CoV-2 surrogate organisms. Further investigations are necessary for a safe application and efficacy in practice as well as integration into routine processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Franke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Knobling
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F H Brill
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - B Becker
- Dr. Brill + Partner GmbH Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - E M Klupp
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Belmar Campos
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Pfefferle
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Lütgehetmann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J K Knobloch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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