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Xie X, Liao Y, Lin Z, Luo H, Wei G, Huang N, Li Y, Chen J, Su Z, Yu X, Chen L, Liu Y. Patchouli alcohol alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis via inhibiting mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane disruption-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112634. [PMID: 38971107 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) characterized by abnormal hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Previous studies have shown that Patchouli alcohol (PA), the primary component of Pogostemonis Herba, can alleviate digestive system diseases. However, its protection against MASH remains unclear. This study explored the protective effects and underlying mechanism of PA against high-fat diet-induced MASH in rats. Results showed that PA considerably reduced body weight, epididymal fat, and liver index and attenuated liver histological injury in MASH rats. PA alleviated hepatic injury by inhibiting steatosis and inflammation. These effects are associated with the improvement of SREBP-1c- and PPARα-mediated lipid metabolism and inhibition of the STING-signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory response. Moreover, PA-inhibited hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, reducing SREBP-1c and STING expressions and enhance PPARα expression. PA treatment had the strongest effect on the regulation of mitogen fusion protein 2 (Mfn2) in inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mfn2 is an important structural protein for binding ERs and mitochondria to form mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MASH-mediated disruption of MAMs was inhibited after PA treatment-induced Mfn2 activation. Therefore, the pharmacological effect of PA on MASH is mainly attributed to the inhibition of MAM disruption-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation. The findings of this study may have implications for MASH treatment that do not neglect the role of Mfn2-mediated MAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyi Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zixin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huijuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Guilan Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuting Yu
- Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China; Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; Dongguan Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Yong Q, Huang C, Chen B, An J, Zheng Y, Zhao L, Peng C, Liu F. Gentiopicroside improves NASH and liver fibrosis by suppressing TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:116952. [PMID: 38917754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis are progressive conditions associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatocyte pyroptosis and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Gentiopicroside (GPS) has emerged as a potential treatment for NASH, yet its underlying mechanism remains unclear. AIM To confirm that GPS can improve NASH and liver fibrosis by blocking the NLRP3 signaling pathway STUDY DESIGN: Initially, different animal models were used to study the effects and mechanisms of GPS on NASH and fibrosis. Subsequent in vitro experiments utilized co-cultures and other techniques to delve deeper into its mechanism, followed by validation of the findings in mouse liver tissues. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC), or methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diets to induce NASH and fibrosis. RAW264.7 cells and born marrow bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stimulated with LPS and ATP to induce inflammation, then co-cultured with primary hepatocytes and HSCs, treated with GPS, and its efficacy and mechanism were analyzed. RESULTS In vivo, GPS alleviated NASH and liver fibrosis by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway. In vitro, GPS attenuated inflammation induced by BMDMs by inhibiting TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling pathways, and Co-culture studies suggested that GPS reduced hepatocyte pyroptosis and HSC activation, which was also confirmed in liver tissues CONCLUSION: GPS improves NASH and liver fibrosis by inhibiting the TLR4 and NLRP3 signaling pathways. The specific mechanism may be related to the suppression of macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses, thereby reducing hepatocyte pyroptosis and HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Yong
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyuan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bonan Chen
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Cancer Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jinqi An
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyuan Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong Peng
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengbin Liu
- Baiyun Hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Lingnan Institute of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Zheng S, Li D, Shi Z, Yang Y, Li L, Chen P, A Bulimiti X, Li F. Development and validation of a nomogram for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Western Xinjiang, China. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:00042737-990000000-00370. [PMID: 38916218 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to establish a simple, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) screening model using readily available variables to identify high-risk individuals in Western Xinjiang, China. METHODS A total of 40 033 patients from the National Health Examination were divided into a training group (70%) and a validation group (30%). Univariate regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models optimized feature selection, while a multivariate logistic regression analysis constructed the prediction model. The model's performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and its clinical utility was assessed through decision curve analysis. RESULTS The nomogram assessed NAFLD risk based on factors such as sex, age, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, platelet count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.829 for men and 0.859 for women in the development group, and 0.817 for men and 0.865 for women in the validation group. The decision curve analysis confirmed the nomogram's clinical usefulness, with consistent findings in the validation set. CONCLUSION A user-friendly nomogram prediction model for NAFLD risk was successfully developed and validated for Western Xinjiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyin Zheng
- Xinjiang Second Medical College
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Gene Testing and Biomedical Information
| | - Di Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Gene Testing and Biomedical Information
- Department of Public Health, Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Xinjiang Digestive System Tumor Precision Medical Clinical Medical Research Center, Karamay
| | - Zhuoyue Shi
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi
| | | | | | | | - Fuye Li
- Department of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi
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Fan W, Bradford TM, Török NJ. Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease and diabetes: Matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and therapeutic implications. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024. [PMID: 38996214 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD) and steatohepatitis (MASH) are becoming the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the United States and worldwide due to the obesity and diabetes epidemics. It is estimated that by 2030 close to 100 million people might be affected and patients with type 2 diabetes are especially at high risk. Twenty to 30% of patients with MASLD can progress to MASH, which is characterized by steatosis, necroinflammation, hepatocyte ballooning, and in advanced cases, fibrosis progressing to cirrhosis. Clinically, it is recognized that disease progression in diabetic patients is accelerated and the role of various genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as cell-matrix interactions in fibrosis and stromal remodeling, have recently been recognized. While there has been great progress in drug development and clinical trials for MASLD/MASH, the complexity of these pathways highlights the need to improve diagnosis/early detection and develop more successful antifibrotic therapies that not only prevent but reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Palo Alto VA Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Toby M Bradford
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Natalie J Török
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Palo Alto VA Medical Center, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Matsumoto K, Ohsugi Y, Tayama C, Hayashi M, Kato Y, Ohashi M, Chiba M. Serum miR‑29 is increased in mice with early liver fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:285. [PMID: 38800048 PMCID: PMC11117116 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a fatty liver disease that is not caused by alcohol consumption and is characterized by fatty degeneration, inflammation and hepatocellular damage. Therefore, predicting future fibrosis is critical in the early stages of NASH to prevent disease progression. The present study examined histological changes in the liver as well as microRNA (miR/miRNA) expression changes in the liver and serum of NASH mice model to identify potential biomarker candidates that could predict early fibrosis. This study used 6-week-old C57BL/6NJcl male mice and fed the control with a standard solid diet (CE-2) for breeding and propagation and NASH groups with a high-fat diet [choline-deficient high-fat and 0.1% (w/v) methionine supplemented diet], respectively. Agilent Technologies miRNA microarray was used to investigate microRNA expression in the liver and serum. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of the livers of the NASH group mice during the second week of feeding revealed fatty degeneration, balloon-like degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration, confirming that the mice were in a state of NASH. The livers of the NASH group mice at 6 weeks of feeding showed fibrosis. Microarray analysis revealed that miRNAs were upregulated and 47 miRNAs were downregulated in the liver of the NASH group. Pathway analysis using OmicsNet predicted miR-29 to target collagen genes. Furthermore, miR-29 was downregulated in the livers of NASH-induced mice but upregulated in serum. These findings suggested that lower miR-29 expression in NASH-induced liver would increase collagen expression and fibrosis. Early liver fibrosis suggests that miR-29 leaks from the liver into the bloodstream, and elevated serum miR-29 levels may be a predictive biomarker for early liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Matsumoto
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yuhei Ohsugi
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Chisa Tayama
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Momone Hayashi
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ohashi
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
- Research Center for Biomedical Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Malandris K, Papandreou S, Vasilakou D, Kakotrichi P, Sarakapina A, Kalopitas G, Karagiannis T, Giouleme O, Bekiari E, Liakos A, Iatridi F, Paschos P, Sinakos E, Tsapas A. Efficacy of pharmacologic interventions on magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:1219-1229. [PMID: 38627972 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Several agents are under investigation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We assessed the comparative efficacy of pharmacologic interventions for patients with NAFLD focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. We included randomized controlled trials of more than 12 weeks of intervention that recruited patients with biopsy-confirmed or MRI-confirmed NAFLD and assessed the efficacy of interventions on liver fat content (LFC) and fibrosis by means of MRI. We performed random-effects frequentist network meta-analyses and assessed confidence in our estimates using the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) approach. RESULTS We included 47 trials (8583 patients). Versus placebo, thiazolidinediones were the most efficacious for the absolute change in LFC, followed by vitamin E, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) analogs, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with mean differences ranging from -7.46% (95% confidence interval [-11.0, -3.9]) to -4.36% (-7.2, -1.5). No differences between drug classes were evident. Patients receiving GLP-1 RAs or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RAs were more likely to achieve ≥30% relative reduction in LFC. Among agents, efruxifermin produced the largest reduction in LFC compared to placebo [-13.5% (-18.5, -8.5)], followed by pioglitazone, while being superior to most interventions. The effect of interventions on magnetic resonance elastography assessed fibrosis was small and insignificant. The confidence in our estimates was low to very low. CONCLUSIONS Several drug classes may reduce LFC in patients with NAFLD without a significant effect on fibrosis; nevertheless, trial duration was small, and confidence in the effect estimates was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Malandris
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stylianos Papandreou
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Vasilakou
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Kakotrichi
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Sarakapina
- First Medical Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Kalopitas
- First Medical Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Karagiannis
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Giouleme
- Second Propaedeutic Medical Department, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Bekiari
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aris Liakos
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fotini Iatridi
- First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Paschos
- First Medical Department, Papageorgiou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Sinakos
- Fourth Medical Department, Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Tsapas
- Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Harris Manchester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Atallah E, Trehiou S, Alquier-Bacquie V, Lasserre F, Arroyo J, Molette C, Remignon H. Development of hepatic steatosis in male and female mule ducks after respective force-feeding programs. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1392968. [PMID: 38974520 PMCID: PMC11224645 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1392968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Male and female mule ducks were subjected to a force-feeding diet to induce liver steatosis as it is generally done only with male ducks for the production of foie gras. The different biochemical measurements indicated that the course of hepatic steatosis development was present in both sexes and associated with a huge increase in liver weight mainly due to the synthesis and accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. In livers of male and female ducks, this lipid accumulation was associated with oxidative stress and hypoxia. However, certain specific modifications (kinetics of lipid droplet development and hepatic inflammation) indicate that female ducks may tolerate force-feeding less well, at least at the hepatic level. This is in contradiction with what is generally reported concerning hepatic steatosis induced by dietary disturbances in mammals but could be explained by the very specific conditions imposed by force-feeding. Despite this, force-feeding female ducks seems entirely feasible, provided that the final quality of the product is as good as that of the male ducks, which will remain to be demonstrated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Atallah
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabrina Trehiou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Alquier-Bacquie
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Lasserre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Hervé Remignon
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- INP-ENSAT, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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8
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Chen J, Jian L, Guo Y, Tang C, Huang Z, Gao J. Liver Cell Mitophagy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:729. [PMID: 38929168 PMCID: PMC11200567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects approximately one-third of the global population. MASLD and its advanced-stage liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are the leading causes of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Mitochondria are crucial organelles in liver cells for energy generation and the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells has been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of MASLD and liver fibrosis. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, removes and recycles impaired mitochondria. Although significant advances have been made in understanding mitophagy in liver diseases, adequate summaries concerning the contribution of liver cell mitophagy to MASLD and liver fibrosis are lacking. This review will clarify the mechanism of liver cell mitophagy in the development of MASLD and liver fibrosis, including in hepatocytes, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In addition, therapeutic strategies or compounds related to hepatic mitophagy are also summarized. In conclusion, mitophagy-related therapeutic strategies or compounds might be translational for the clinical treatment of MASLD and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linge Jian
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yangkun Guo
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyin Huang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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9
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De la Cruz-Color L, Dominguez-Rosales JA, Maldonado-González M, Ruíz-Madrigal B, Sánchez Muñoz MP, Zaragoza-Guerra VA, Espinoza-Padilla VH, Ruelas-Cinco EDC, Ramírez-Meza SM, Torres Baranda JR, González-Gutiérrez MDR, Hernandez Nazara ZH. Evidence That Peripheral Leptin Resistance in Omental Adipose Tissue and Liver Correlates with MASLD in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6420. [PMID: 38928125 PMCID: PMC11203746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptin regulates lipid metabolism, maximizing insulin sensitivity; however, peripheral leptin resistance is not fully understood, and its contribution to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of the leptin axis to MASLD in humans. Forty-three participants, mostly female (86.04%), who underwent cholecystectomy were biopsied. Of the participants, 24 were healthy controls, 8 had MASLD, and 11 had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Clinical and biochemical data and the gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), were determined from liver and adipose tissue. Higher serum leptin and LEPR levels in the omental adipose tissue (OAT) and liver with MASH were found. In the liver, LEPR was positively correlated with leptin expression in adipose tissue, and SOCS3 was correlated with SREBF1-SCD1. In OAT, SOCS3 was correlated with insulin resistance and transaminase enzymes (p < 0.05 for all. In conclusion, we evidenced the correlation between the peripheral leptin resistance axis in OAT-liver crosstalk and the complications of MASLD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia De la Cruz-Color
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Microbiana y Alimentaria, División de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ocotlán 47820, C.P., Mexico;
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Jose Alfredo Dominguez-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | - Montserrat Maldonado-González
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Bertha Ruíz-Madrigal
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - Martha P. Sánchez Muñoz
- Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I. Menchaca, Unidad de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico;
| | - Vianney Alejandrina Zaragoza-Guerra
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Victor H. Espinoza-Padilla
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
| | | | - Sandra M. Ramírez-Meza
- Coordinación de la Licenciatura en Nutrición, División de Estudios de la Salud Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca Km. 45.5, Ameca 46600, C.P., Mexico;
| | - José R. Torres Baranda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico; (M.M.-G.); (B.R.-M.); (J.R.T.B.)
| | - María del R. González-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, C.P., Mexico; (V.A.Z.-G.); (M.d.R.G.-G.)
| | - Zamira Helena Hernandez Nazara
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónicas Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, C.P., Mexico (V.H.E.-P.)
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10
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van Eekeren LE, Vadaq N, Vos WAJW, Blaauw MJT, Groenendijk AL, van Lunzen J, Stalenhoef JE, Berrevoets MAH, Verbon A, Weijers G, Netea MG, van der Ven AJAM, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB, Tjwa ETTL. Liver Steatosis is Prevalent in Lean People With HIV and Associated With Exposure to Antiretroviral Treatment-A Cross-sectional Study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae266. [PMID: 38868310 PMCID: PMC11167668 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Steatotic liver disease is suggested to have a higher prevalence and severity in people with HIV (PHIV), including in those with a normal body mass index (BMI). In this study, we used data from the 2000HIV cohort to (1) assess the prevalence of liver steatosis and fibrosis in lean versus overweight/obese PHIV and (2) assess associations in these subgroups between steatosis and fibrosis with traditional risk factors and HIV-specific characteristics. Methods The 2000HIV study cohort comprises 1895 virally suppressed PHIV that were included between 2019 and 2021 in 4 HIV treatment centers in the Netherlands. The majority (58.5%) underwent vibration-controlled transient elastography for the assessment of liver steatosis and fibrosis. The prevalence of steatosis (controlled attenuation parameter ≥263 dB/m) and fibrosis (liver stiffness measurement ≥7.0 kPa) was estimated. Multiple factors including HIV characteristics and antiretroviral drugs were tested in a logistic regression model for association with steatosis and fibrosis. Analyses were performed separately for lean (Asian descent: BMI < 23 kg/m2, other descent: BMI < 25 kg/m2) and overweight/obese (other BMI) participants. Results Of 1050 PHIV including 505 lean and 545 overweight/obese PHIV, liver steatosis was observed in 37.7% of the overall study population, 19.7% of lean, and 54% of overweight/obese PHIV, whereas fibrosis was observed in 9.0% of the overall study population, 5.9% of lean, and 12.0% of overweight/obese PHIV.All associations with fibrosis and most associations with steatosis concerned metabolic factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (overall population: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for steatosis: 2.3 [1.21-4.4], P = .011; aOR for fibrosis: 3.7 [1.82-7.53], P < .001). Furthermore, in lean PLHIV, liver steatosis was associated with CD4 and CD8 counts at enrollment, dual therapy, and history of treatment with raltegravir (aOR: 3.6 [1.53-8.47], P = .003), stavudine (aOR: 3.73 [1.69-8.2], P = .001), and indinavir (aOR: 3.86 [1.59-9.37], P = .003). These associations were not observed in overweight/obese PHIV. Conclusions Liver steatosis was highly prevalent, affecting approximately one-fifth of lean PHIV and half of overweight/obese PHIV. Fibrosis was observed in a minority. Both steatosis and fibrosis were associated with traditional metabolic risk factors. In addition, (prior) exposure to specific antiretroviral drugs was associated liver steatosis in lean, but not in overweight/obese PHIV. Implementing increased screening protocols could enhance the identification of steatotic liver disease in lean PHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E van Eekeren
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadira Vadaq
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc J T Blaauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Albert L Groenendijk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Lunzen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marvin A H Berrevoets
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Weijers
- Medical UltraSound Imaging Center (MUSIC), Division of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Metabolism and Immunology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Genetics, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eric T T L Tjwa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Ha J, Hong OK, Han K, Kwon HS. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young Korean adults. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 212:111584. [PMID: 38367650 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the impact of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in young Korean adults. METHODS Data were sourced from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort, comprising adults aged 20-39 who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012. Participants were grouped based on the presence of MAFLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), both individually and in combination. The categorizations included Neither-FLD, NAFLD-only, MAFLD-only, or Both-FLD. Incident diabetes was identified through claims data during the follow-up period. RESULTS Among 6,232,656 participants, 676,747 (10.8 %) had MAFLD. During a median follow-up of 9.5 years, 182,291 incident diabetes cases were identified. Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly higher diabetes risk in the MAFLD group compared to those in the Non-MAFLD group (HR = 6.148, 95 % CI, 6.084-6.212). Notably, diabetes incidence was highest in FLI ≥ 60 subgroup with BMI ≥ 23 and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS MAFLD is associated with a 6.1-fold increased diabetes risk in young adults, underscoring the urgent need for early intervention to mitigate this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchul Ha
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ajayi T, Moon G, Chen S, Pan S, Oseini A, Houchen C. Surging Liver Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis from 2000-2022: A National Database Study. South Med J 2024; 117:302-310. [PMID: 38830583 PMCID: PMC11160975 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to provide an up-to-date, large-scale overview of the trends and clinicodemographics for NASH LTs performed in the United States compared with all other LT indications between 2000 and 2022. We also examined the demographic factors that will predict future demand for NASH LT. METHODS Our analysis of NASH LT from the Organ Procurement & Transplantation Network database spanning 2000-2022 consisted primarily of descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing with corrections for multiple testing when necessary. Trend lines and linear correlations were also explored. RESULTS NASH LTs have experienced a remarkable surge, escalating from 0.12% of all LTs in 2000 to a substantial 14.7% in 2022, marking a 100-fold increase. Examining demographic trends, a significant proportion of NASH LTs recipients fall within the 50- to 64-year-old age group. Moreover, 52% of these recipients concurrently exhibit type 2 diabetes mellitus, a notably higher percentage than the 19% observed in all LT recipients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus emerges as a prominent risk factor for NASH progressing to end-stage liver disease. The phenomenon of repeat transplantation is noteworthy; although 6% of all LTs necessitate repeat procedures, this figure dramatically drops to 0.6% for NASH LTs. Ethnic disparities are apparent, with African Americans representing a mere 2% of NASH LT recipients, significantly lower than their representation in the overall population. Regionally, the East Coast has a higher proportion of NASH LT recipients compared with waitlist additions. This trend holds true across demographics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the need for increased resources, particularly for minority, uninsured, or noncitizen individuals requiring LT for NASH. This analysis provides valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of LTs in the context of NASH, shaping the trajectory of medical interventions in the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokunbo Ajayi
- Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Gina Moon
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Sixia Chen
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Steven Pan
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Abdul Oseini
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Section of Transplant, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Courtney Houchen
- Section of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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13
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Koda Y, Nagasaki Y. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis treated by poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(cysteine) block copolymer-based self-assembling antioxidant nanoparticles. J Control Release 2024; 370:367-378. [PMID: 38692439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), now known as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), involves oxidative stress caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Small-molecule antioxidants have not been approved for antioxidant chemotherapy because of severe adverse effects that collapse redox homeostasis, even in healthy tissues. To overcome these disadvantages, we have been developing poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(cysteine) (PEG-block-PCys)-based self-assembling polymer nanoparticles (NanoCyses), releasing Cys after in vivo degradation by endogenous enzymes, to obtain antioxidant effects without adverse effects. However, a comprehensive investigation of the effects of polymer design on therapeutic outcomes has not yet been conducted to develop our NanoCys system for antioxidant chemotherapy. In this study, we synthesized different poly(L-cysteine) (PCys) chains whose sulfanyl groups were protected by tert-butyl thiol (StBu) and butyryl (Bu) groups to change the reactivity of the side chains, affording NanoCys(SS) and NanoCys(Bu), respectively. To elucidate the importance of the polymer design, these NanoCyses were orally administered to MASH model mice as a model of oxidative stress-related diseases. Consequently, the acyl-protective NanoCys(Bu) significantly suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress compared to NanoCys(SS). Furthermore, we substantiated that shorter PCys were much better than longer PCys for therapeutic outcomes and the effects related to the liberation properties of Cys from these nanoparticles. Owing to its antioxidant functions, NanoCyses also significantly attenuated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in the MASH mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Koda
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Radiation, Isotope and Earth System Sciences (CRiES), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center (HBRCC), National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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14
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Ueda N, Mokuda S, Kawaoka T, Uchikawa S, Amioka K, Tsuge M, Asada K, Okada Y, Kobayashi Y, Ishikawa M, Arase T, Arihiro K, Oka S. Influence of dispersion slope on the diagnosis of liver fibrosis by the shear wave in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Hepatol Res 2024. [PMID: 38806293 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
AIM Shear wave (SW) elastography is used to evaluate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathophysiology. Increased elasticity due to fibrosis and increased viscosity due to necrosis and inflammation affect SW. Assessing fibrosis, the most prognostically relevant pathology, is critical. Viscosity is evaluated using the dispersion slope (DS); however, cut-off values that affect SW values are unclear. We compared the ultrasound imaging parameters (SW for viscoelasticity; DS for viscosity) with pathological findings. METHODS Patients (n = 159) who underwent liver biopsy and SW and DS assessments at our hospital were included. Fibrosis stage and inflammation grade cut-off values were calculated from SW, DS, and liver biopsy results using receiver operating characteristic curves. Cases in which liver biopsy results were inconsistent with SW results were used to determine the effect of viscosity on SW values. DS was examined in the Correct and Incorrect Diagnosis groups, which were categorized based on the concordance between SW and liver biopsy results. Dispersion slope cut-off values between the two groups were calculated. RESULTS Fibrosis stage cut-off values by SW (m/s) were: ≥F2, 1.62; ≥F3, 1.74; and F4, 1.97. Inflammation grade cut-off values by DS (m/s/kHz) were: ≥A1, 11.6; ≥A2, 14.5; and A3, 16.1. The Correct/Incorrect Diagnosis groups had 25/70 patients. The DS cut-off value for both groups was 13.2 m/s/kHz. CONCLUSIONS Shear wave and DS are useful for evaluating liver fibrosis and inflammation in MASLD. For DS > 13.2 m/s/kHz, SW may be affected by the increased viscosity owing to inflammation. In such patients, caution should be used when determining/interpreting values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Ueda
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sho Mokuda
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Amioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kana Asada
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuri Okada
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yui Kobayashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mai Ishikawa
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Arase
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koji Arihiro
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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15
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Liu J, Han X, Chen L, Mai L, Su X, Dong Y, Wang B, Zhang Q. The Association between Diet-Exercise Patterns and Cirrhosis: A Cross-Sectional Study from NHANES 2017-March 2020. Nutrients 2024; 16:1617. [PMID: 38892550 PMCID: PMC11174719 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis (LC) is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease worldwide. Nutrition may be an important component of primary prevention of chronic liver disease. Diet-exercise patterns frame the eating behaviors and exercise habits of people through statistical methods related to nutritional epidemiology, which can explore the relationship between living habits and diseases among diverse populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between diet-exercise patterns and cirrhosis, and provide guidance on preventive diets for liver patients. METHODS This study identified diet-exercise patterns via clustering analysis of principal components and assessed their association with cirrhosis through the population samples of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2017 to March 2020. RESULTS We identified two diet-exercise patterns that were named the "prudent pattern" (consumption of various staple foods, eggs, meat, fruits and vegetables; less sedentary) and the "dangerous pattern" (higher consumption of desserts, nuts, milk, meat, alcoholic beverages; recreational activities). The t-test demonstrated a significant relationship between patterns and multiple foods. The simple logistic regression test showed a lower risk of cirrhosis in those in the "prudent pattern" (OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.59-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Two diet-exercise patterns associated with cirrhosis were identified: "prudent pattern" and "dangerous pattern". The results of this study may be useful for suggesting preventive diets for people at risk of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiuju Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150088, China; (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.C.); (L.M.); (X.S.); (Y.D.); (B.W.)
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16
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Haxhi J, Vitale M, Mattia L, Giuliani C, Sacchetti M, Orlando G, Iacobini C, Menini S, Zanuso S, Nicolucci A, Balducci S, Pugliese G. Effect of sustained decreases in sedentary time and increases in physical activity on liver enzymes and indices in type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393859. [PMID: 38854689 PMCID: PMC11157683 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Current guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) recommend high volumes and/or intensities of physical activity (PA), the achievement of which generally requires participation in supervised exercise training programs that however are difficult to implement in routine clinical practice. Conversely, counselling interventions may be more suitable, but result in only modest increases in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA). This study assessed whether a counseling intervention for increasing PA and decreasing sedentary time (SED-time) is effective in improving NAFLD markers in people with type 2 diabetes. Methods Three-hundred physically inactive and sedentary patients were randomized 1:1 to receive one-month theoretical and practical counseling once-a-year (intervention group) or standard care (control group) for 3 years. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γGT) levels were measured and fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) were calculated. Total PA volume, light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), and SED-time were objectively measured by an accelerometer. Results Throughout the 3-year period, NAFLD markers did not change in the control group, whereas ALT, γGT, FLI, and HSI decreased in the intervention group, with significant between-group differences, despite modest MVPA increases, which however were associated with larger decrements in SED-time and reciprocal increments in LPA. Mean changes in NAFLD markers varied according to quartiles of (and correlated with) changes in MVPA (all markers) and SED-time, LPA, and PA volume (ALT, γGT, and HSI). Mean changes in MVPA or PA volume were independent predictors of changes in NAFLD markers. When included in the models, change in cardiorespiratory fitness and lower body muscle strength were independently associated with some NAFLD markers. Conclusion A behavior change involving all domains of PA lifestyle, even if insufficient to achieve the recommended MVPA target, may provide beneficial effects on NAFLD markers in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonida Haxhi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Metabolic Fitness Association, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Mattia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Orlando
- Department of Human Movement and Sport Sciences, University of Rome ‘Foro Italico’, Rome, Italy
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvano Zanuso
- Center for Applied Biological and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Performance and Sport, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Nicolucci
- Center for Outcomes Research and Clinical Epidemiology (CORESEARCH), Pescara, Italy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Epidemiology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Balducci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Metabolic Fitness Association, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- Diabetes Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Ishiyama S, Hayatsu M, Toriumi T, Tsuda H, Watanabe K, Kasai H, Kishigami S, Mochizuki K, Mikami Y. Assessing the combined impact of fatty liver-induced TGF-β1 and LPS-activated macrophages in fibrosis through a novel 3D serial section methodology. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11404. [PMID: 38762616 PMCID: PMC11102459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), caused by fat buildup, can lead to liver inflammation and damage. Elucidation of the spatial distribution of fibrotic tissue in the fatty liver in NASH can be immensely useful to understand its pathogenesis. Thus, we developed a novel serial section-3D (SS3D) technique that combines high-resolution image acquisition with 3D construction software, which enabled highly detailed analysis of the mouse liver and extraction and quantification of stained tissues. Moreover, we studied the underexplored mechanism of fibrosis progression in the fatty liver in NASH by subjecting the mice to a high-fat diet (HFD), followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. The HFD/LPS (+) group showed extensive fibrosis compared with control; additionally, the area of these fibrotic regions in the HFD/LPS (+) group was almost double that of control using our SS3D technique. LPS administration led to an increase in Tnfα and Il1β mRNA expression and the number of macrophages in the liver. On the other hand, transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgfβ1) mRNA increased in HFD group compared to that of control group without LPS-administration. In addition, COL1A1 levels increased in hepatic stellate cell (HSC)-like XL-2 cells when treated with recombinant TGF-β1, which attenuated with recombinant latency-associated protein (rLAP). This attenuation was rescued with LPS-activated macrophages. Therefore, we demonstrated that fatty liver produced "latent-form" of TGF-β1, which activated by macrophages via inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL1β, resulting in activation of HSCs leading to the production of COL1A1. Moreover, we established the effectiveness of our SS3D technique in creating 3D images of fibrotic tissue, which can be used to study other diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ishiyama
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayatsu
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Taku Toriumi
- Department of Anatomy, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tsuda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirotake Kasai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishigami
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
- Center for Advanced Assisted Reproductive Technologies, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mochizuki
- Department of Integrated Applied Life Science, Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Mikami
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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18
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Grøndal SM, Tutusaus A, Boix L, Reig M, Blø M, Hodneland L, Gausdal G, Jackson A, Garcia de Frutos P, Lorens JB, Morales A, Marí M. Dynamic changes in immune cell populations by AXL kinase targeting diminish liver inflammation and fibrosis in experimental MASH. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400553. [PMID: 38817615 PMCID: PMC11137289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a significant health concern with limited treatment options. AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the GAS6 ligand, promotes MASH through activation of hepatic stellate cells and inflammatory macrophages. This study identified cell subsets affected by MASH progression and the effect of AXL inhibition. Methods Mice were fed chow or different fat-enriched diets to induce MASH, and small molecule AXL kinase inhibition with bemcentinib was evaluated. Gene expression was measured by qPCR. Time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) used single cells from dissociated livers, acquired on the Fluidigm Helios, and cell populations were studied using machine learning. Results In mice fed different fat-enriched diets, liver steatosis alone was insufficient to elevate plasma soluble AXL (sAXL) levels. However, in conjunction with inflammation, sAXL increases, serving as an early indicator of steatohepatitis progression. Bemcentinib, an AXL inhibitor, effectively reduced proinflammatory responses in MASH models, even before fibrosis appearance. Utilizing CyTOF analysis, we detected a decreased population of Kupffer cells during MASH while promoting infiltration of monocytes/macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Bemcentinib partially restored Kupffer cells, reduced pDCs and GzmB- NK cells, and increased GzmB+CD8+ T cells and LSECs. Additionally, AXL inhibition enhanced a subtype of GzmB+CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells characterized by CX3CR1 expression. Furthermore, bemcentinib altered the transcriptomic landscape associated with MASH progression, particularly in TLR signaling and inflammatory response, exhibiting differential cytokine expression in the plasma, consistent with liver repair and decreased inflammation. Conclusion Our findings highlight sAXL as a biomarker for monitoring MASH progression and demonstrate that AXL targeting shifted liver macrophages and CD8+ T-cell subsets away from an inflammatory phenotype toward fibrotic resolution and organ healing, presenting a promising strategy for MASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sturla Magnus Grøndal
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Tutusaus
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Center (BCLC), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loreto Boix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Center (BCLC), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Reig
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Center (BCLC), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Pablo Garcia de Frutos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad Asociada (IMIM), Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - James Bradley Lorens
- Department of Biomedicine, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- BerGenBio ASA, Bergen, Norway
| | - Albert Morales
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Center (BCLC), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Marí
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Center (BCLC), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Barana L, Nelva A, Scivetti P, Costanzo M, Fanelli CG. Diagnosis of hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis in people with new-onset type 2 diabetes: a multidisciplinary approach. Endocrine 2024; 84:412-419. [PMID: 38347338 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Non-Alcoholic-Fatty-Liver-Disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries; closely linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), it is an additional cardiovascular risk factor. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD at T2DM onset. METHODS 122 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were enroled; NAFLD was diagnosed using ultrasound and fibrosis risk calculated with an FIB4-score. Intermediate and high-risk patients were referred to a hepatologist and underwent transient elastography (TE). RESULTS At T2DM diagnosis, 25% of patients were overweight, 47% were obese; ultrasound steatosis was present in 79% of patients; the average FIB-4 score was 1.4 (0.7). The NAFLD population was characterised by higher presence of obesity (60%, p 0.06); hypertension (56%, p 0.00); AST (26.3 (23.6) UI/L; p 0.00); ALT (49.3(41.0) UI/L p 0.00); FIB-4 score (1.6 (0.8); p 0.00). Among patients referred to a hepatologist, at TE, 65% had severe steatosis, 22% significant fibrosis and 25% advanced fibrosis. CONCLUSION This is the first proposal of a NAFLD screening model at T2DM diagnosis. The high prevalence of fibrosis found at the early stage T2DM confirms the compelling need for early management of NAFLD through cost-effective screening and long-term monitoring algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barana
- Diabetology and Endocrinology, Nuovo Ospdale degli Infermi di Biella, Ponderano, Biella, 13875, Italy.
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy.
| | - A Nelva
- Diabetology and Endocrinology, Nuovo Ospdale degli Infermi di Biella, Ponderano, Biella, 13875, Italy
| | - P Scivetti
- Internal Medicine, Nuovo Ospdale degli Infermi di Biella, Ponderano, Biella, 13875, Italy
| | - M Costanzo
- Internal Medicine, Nuovo Ospdale degli Infermi di Biella, Ponderano, Biella, 13875, Italy
| | - C G Fanelli
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, Perugia, 06129, Italy
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20
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Fu J, Zhang P, Sun Z, Lu G, Cao Q, Chen Y, Wu W, Zhang J, Zhuang C, Sheng C, Xu J, Lu Y, Wang P. A combined nanotherapeutic approach targeting farnesoid X receptor, ferroptosis, and fibrosis for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis treatment. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2228-2246. [PMID: 38799646 PMCID: PMC11121165 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist with favorable effects on fatty and glucose metabolism, has been considered the leading candidate drug for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) treatment. However, its limited effectiveness in resolving liver fibrosis and lipotoxicity-induced cell death remains a major drawback. Ferroptosis, a newly recognized form of cell death characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, is involved in the progression of NASH. Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile biological molecule that can degrade extracellular matrix. In this study, we developed a PEGylated thiolated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) loaded with OCA, as well as a ferroptosis inhibitor liproxsatin-1 and a NO donor S-nitrosothiol (ONL@MSN). Biochemical analyses, histology, multiplexed flow cytometry, bulk-tissue RNA sequencing, and fecal 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing were utilized to evaluate the effects of the combined nanoparticle (ONL@MSN) in a mouse NASH model. Compared with the OCA-loaded nanoparticles (O@MSN), ONL@MSN not only protected against hepatic steatosis but also greatly ameliorated fibrosis and ferroptosis. ONL@MSN also displayed enhanced therapeutic actions on the maintenance of intrahepatic macrophages/monocytes homeostasis, inhibition of immune response/lipid peroxidation, and correction of microbiota dysbiosis. These findings present a promising synergistic nanotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by simultaneously targeting FXR, ferroptosis, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Fu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qi Cao
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiting Chen
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ying Lu
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pei Wang
- The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Pharmaceutical Education, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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21
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Fischer AM, Lechea N, Coxson HO. This Is What Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Looks Like: Potential of a Multiparametric MRI Protocol. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:226-238. [PMID: 38806158 DOI: 10.1055/a-2334-8525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent condition with a broad spectrum defined by liver biopsy. This gold standard method evaluates three features: steatosis, activity (ballooning and lobular inflammation), and fibrosis, attributing them to certain grades or stages using a semiquantitative scoring system. However, liver biopsy is subject to numerous restrictions, creating an unmet need for a reliable and reproducible method for MASLD assessment, grading, and staging. Noninvasive imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), offer the potential to assess quantitative liver parameters. This review aims to provide an overview of the available MRI techniques for the three criteria evaluated individually by liver histology. Here, we discuss the possibility of combining multiple MRI parameters to replace liver biopsy with a holistic, multiparametric MRI protocol. In conclusion, the development and implementation of such an approach could significantly improve the diagnosis and management of MASLD, reducing the need for invasive procedures and paving the way for more personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M Fischer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Nazim Lechea
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Harvey O Coxson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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22
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Zhang F, Lo EKK, Chen J, Wang K, Felicianna, Ismaiah MJ, Leung HKM, Zhao D, Lee JCY, El-Nezami H. Probiotic Mixture Ameliorates a Diet-Induced MASLD/MASH Murine Model through the Regulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and the Gut Microbiome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8536-8549. [PMID: 38575146 PMCID: PMC11037262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent metabolic disease that has no effective treatment. Our proprietary probiotic mixture, Prohep, has been proven in a previous study to be helpful in reducing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vivo. However, its prospective benefits on the treatment of other liver diseases such as MASLD, which is one of the major risk factors in the development of HCC, are unclear. To investigate the potential of Prohep in modulating the development and progression of MASLD, we first explored the effect of Prohep supplementation via voluntary intake in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MASLD/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) murine model. Our results indicated that Prohep alleviated HFD-induced liver steatosis and reduced excessive hepatic lipid accumulation and improved the plasma lipid profile when compared with HFD-fed control mice through suppressing hepatic de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis gene expressions. In addition, Prohep was able to modulate the gut microbiome, modify the bile acid (BA) profile, and elevate fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels. Next, in a prolonged HFD-feeding MASLD/MASH model, we observed the effectiveness of Prohep in preventing the transition from MASLD to MASH via amelioration in hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Taken together, Prohep could ameliorate HFD-induced MASLD and control the MASLD-to-MASH progression in mice. Our findings provide distinctive insights into the development of novel microbial therapy for the management of MASLD and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfei Zhang
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Emily Kwun Kwan Lo
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Department
of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Leibniz
Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans
Knöll Institute-Microbiome Dynamics, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Ke Wang
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hong
Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Research
Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Felicianna
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Hoi Kit Matthew Leung
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Danyue Zhao
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong
Kong Polytechnic University, Hong
Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Research
Institute for Future Food, The Hong Kong
Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Hong
Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 000, S.A.R., China
- Institute
of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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23
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Raverdy V, Tavaglione F, Chatelain E, Caiazzo R, Saponaro C, Lassailly G, Verkindt H, Baud G, Marciniak C, Chetboun M, Oukhouya-Daoud N, Gnemmi V, Leteurtre E, Duhamel A, Philippe M, Marot G, Romeo S, Pattou F. Performance of non-invasive tests for liver fibrosis resolution after bariatric surgery. Metabolism 2024; 153:155790. [PMID: 38219973 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The value of non-invasive tests for monitoring the resolution of significant liver fibrosis after treatment is poorly investigated. We compared the performances of six non-invasive tests to predict the resolution of significant fibrosis after bariatric surgery. METHODS Participants were individuals with obesity submitted to needle liver biopsy at the time of bariatric surgery, and 12 and/or 60 months after surgery. We calculated the fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), Hepatic fibrosis score (HFS), Fibrotic NASH index (FNI), and Liver risk score (LRS) at each time point, and compared their performances for predicting significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2) and its resolution following surgery. RESULTS At baseline, 2436 patients had liver biopsy, including 261 (10.7 %) with significant fibrosis. Overall, 672 patients had pre- and post-operative biopsies (564 at M12 and 328 at M60). The fibrosis stage decreased at M12 and M60 (p < 0.001 vs M0). Resolution of significant fibrosis occurred in 58/121 (47.9 %) at M12 and 32/50 (64 %) at M60. The mean value of all tests decreased after surgery, except for FIB-4. Performances for predicting fibrosis resolution was higher at M60 than at M12 for all tests, and maximal at M60 for FNI and LRS: area under the curve 0.843 (95%CI 0.71-0.95) and 0.92 (95%CI 0.84-1.00); positive likelihood ratio 3.75 (95 % CI 1.33-10.59) and 4.58 (95 % CI 1.65-12.70), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results showed the value and limits of non-invasive tests for monitoring the evolution of liver fibrosis after an intervention. Following bariatric surgery, the best performances to predict the resolution of significant fibrosis were observed at M60 with tests combining liver and metabolic traits, namely FNI and LRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Raverdy
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Federica Tavaglione
- Operative Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Research Unit of Clinical Medicine and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Estelle Chatelain
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UAR 2014-PLBS, billille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Robert Caiazzo
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Chiara Saponaro
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Lassailly
- CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Inserm INFINITE-U1286, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Helene Verkindt
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gregory Baud
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Camille Marciniak
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mikael Chetboun
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Naima Oukhouya-Daoud
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Viviane Gnemmi
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leteurtre
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France; Department of Pathology, CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alain Duhamel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathurin Philippe
- CHU Lille, Univ. Lille, Inserm INFINITE-U1286, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillemette Marot
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France; Inria, MODAL: Models for Data Analysis and Learning, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - François Pattou
- Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France; European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, UMR 1190 Translational Research for Diabetes, Inserm, CHU Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France.
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24
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Zaid A, Ariel A. Harnessing anti-inflammatory pathways and macrophage nano delivery to treat inflammatory and fibrotic disorders. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115204. [PMID: 38342241 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Targeting specific organs and cell types using nanotechnology and sophisticated delivery methods has been at the forefront of applicative biomedical sciences lately. Macrophages are an appealing target for immunomodulation by nanodelivery as they are heavily involved in various aspects of many diseases and are highly plastic in their nature. Their continuum of functional "polarization" states has been a research focus for many years yielding a profound understanding of various aspects of these cells. The ability of monocyte-derived macrophages to metamorphose from pro-inflammatory to reparative and consequently to pro-resolving effectors has raised significant interest in its therapeutic potential. Here, we briefly survey macrophages' ontogeny and various polarization phenotypes, highlighting their function in the inflammation-resolution shift. We review their inducing mediators, signaling pathways, and biological programs with emphasis on the nucleic acid sensing-IFN-I axis. We also portray the polarization spectrum of macrophages and the characteristics of their transition between different subtypes. Finally, we highlighted different current drug delivery methods for targeting macrophages with emphasis on nanotargeting that might lead to breakthroughs in the treatment of wound healing, bone regeneration, autoimmune, and fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zaid
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel
| | - Amiram Ariel
- Department of Biology and Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 3498838 Israel.
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25
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Hubel E, Neuman A, Fishman S, Schaffer O, Erez N, Shrkihe BA, Shteingard Y, Gross T, Shibolet O, Varol C, Zvibel I. Sortilin in biliary epithelial cells promotes ductular reaction and fibrosis during cholestatic injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00087-7. [PMID: 38493927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cholestatic injuries are accompanied by a ductular reaction, initiated by proliferation and activation of biliary epithelial cells (BEC), leading to fibrosis. Sortilin (Sort1) facilitates IL-6 secretion and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signaling. This study investigated the interplay between sortilin, IL-6 and LIF in cholestatic injury-induced ductular reaction, morphogenesis of new ducts and fibrosis. Cholestatic injury was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in WT and Sort1-/- mice, with or without augmentation of IL-6 or LIF. Mice with BEC sortilin deletion (HgfapcreSort1fl/fl) and controls were subjected to BDL and 3,5-Diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-Dihydrocollidine diet (DDC)-induced cholestatic injury. Sort1-/- mice displayed reduced BEC proliferation and expression of BEC reactive markers. Administration of LIF or IL-6 restored BEC proliferation in Sort1-/- mice, without affecting BEC reactive or inflammatory markers. Sort1-/- mice also displayed impaired morphogenesis, which was corrected by LIF treatment. Similarly, HgfapcreSort1fl/f mice exhibited reduced BEC proliferation, but similar expression of reactive and inflammatory markers. Serum IL-6 and LIF levels were comparable, yet liver pSTAT3 was reduced, indicating that sortilin is essential for co-activation of LIFR/gp130 signaling in BEC, but not for IL-6 secretion. Notably, HgfapcreSortfl/fl mice displayed impaired morphogenesis and diminished fibrosis following BDL and DDC. In conclusion, sortilin-governed engagement of LIF signaling in BEC promotes ductular reaction and morphogenesis during cholestatic injury. Moreover, BEC sortilin is pivotal for the development of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Hubel
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Neuman
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Fishman
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Schaffer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Assaf Harofe Hospital, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Bander Abu Shrkihe
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Tamar Gross
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Oren Shibolet
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University.
| | - Isabel Zvibel
- The Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Lin G, Li W, Hong W, Zhu D, Hu H, Fu J, Gao Y, Chen S, Chai D, Zeng JZ. Spinosin inhibits activated hepatic stellate cell to attenuate liver fibrosis by targeting Nur77/ASK1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 966:176270. [PMID: 38096970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM Liver fibrosis remains a great challenge in the world. Spinosin (SPI), a natural flavonoid-C-glycoside, possesses various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory and anti-myocardial fibrosis effects. In this study, we investigate whether SPI can be a potential lead for the treatment of liver fibrosis and explore whether the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77, a negative regulator of liver fibrosis development, plays a critical role in SPI's action. METHODS A dual luciferase reporter system of α-SMA was established to evaluate the effect of SPI on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in LX2 and HSC-T6 cells. A mouse model of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis was used to test the efficacy of SPI against liver fibrosis. The expression levels of Nur77, inflammatory cytokines and collagen were determined by Western blotting and qPCR. Potential kinase pathways involved were also analyzed. The affinity of Nur77 with SPI was documented by fluorescence titration. RESULTS SPI can strongly suppress TGF-β1-mediated activation of both LX2 and HSC-T6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. SPI increases the expression of Nur77 and reduces TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation levels of ASK1 and p38 MAPK, which can be reversed by knocking out of Nur77. SPI strongly inhibits collagen deposition (COLA1) and reduces inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β), which is followed by improved liver function in the CCl4-induced mouse model. SPI can directly bind to R515 and R563 in the Nur77-LBD pocket with a Kd of 2.14 μM. CONCLUSION Spinosin is the major pharmacological active component of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa which has been frequently prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine. We demonstrate here for the first time that spinosin is a new therapeutic lead for treatment of liver fibrosis by targeting Nur77 and blocking the ASK1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weibin Li
- Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Ultrasonic Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenbin Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Desheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Hongyu Hu
- Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi, 321004, China
| | - Jiqiang Fu
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shuaijie Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Dajun Chai
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jin-Zhang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Andaloro S, Mancuso F, Miele L, Addolorato G, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Effect of Low-Dose Alcohol Consumption on Chronic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:613. [PMID: 38474740 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although alcohol is one of the most important etiologic agents in the development of chronic liver disease worldwide, also recognized as a promoter of carcinogenesis, several studies have shown a beneficial effect of moderate consumption in terms of reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Whether this benefit is also present in patients with liver disease due to other causes (viral, metabolic, and others) is still debated. Although there is no clear evidence emerging from guidelines and scientific literature, total abstention from drinking is usually prescribed in clinical practice. In this review, we highlight the results of the most recent evidence on this controversial topic, in order to understand the effect of mild alcohol use in this category of individuals. The quantification of alcohol intake, the composition of the tested populations, and the discrepancy between different works in relation to the outcomes represent important limitations emerging from the scientific literature. In patients with NAFLD, a beneficial effect is demonstrated only in a few works. Even if there is limited evidence in patients affected by chronic viral hepatitis, a clear deleterious effect of drinking in determining disease progression in a dose-dependent manner emerges. Poor data are available about more uncommon pathologies such as hemochromatosis. Overall, based on available data, it is not possible to establish a safe threshold for alcohol intake in patients with liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andaloro
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mancuso
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Department of Abdominal, Endocrine and Metabolic Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Addolorato
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Columbus-Gemelli Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Liver Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Minayoshi Y, Maeda H, Hamasaki K, Nagasaki T, Takano M, Fukuda R, Mizuta Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Mouse Type-I Interferon-Mannosylated Albumin Fusion Protein for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:260. [PMID: 38399475 PMCID: PMC10893114 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although a lot of effort has been put into creating drugs and combination therapies against chronic hepatitis, no effective treatment has been established. Type-I interferon is a promising therapeutic for chronic hepatitis due to its excellent anti-inflammatory effects through interferon receptors on hepatic macrophages. To develop a type-I IFN equipped with the ability to target hepatic macrophages through the macrophage mannose receptor, the present study designed a mouse type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein using site-specific mutagenesis and albumin fusion technology. This fusion protein exhibited the induction of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, IL-1Ra, and PD-1, in RAW264.7 cells, or hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice. As expected, such biological and hepatoprotective actions were significantly superior to those of human fusion proteins. Furthermore, the repeated administration of mouse fusion protein to carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice clearly suppressed the area of liver fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline contents, not only with a reduction in the levels of inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and fibrosis-related genes (TGF-β, Fibronectin, Snail, and Collagen 1α2), but also with a shift in the hepatic macrophage phenotype from inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein has the potential as a new therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Keisuke Hamasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Mei Takano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Ryo Fukuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Public Health and Welfare Bureau, 5-1-1 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0971, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Osaka Central Hospital, 3-3-30 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0001, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan;
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
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29
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Murata R, Watanabe H, Iwakiri R, Chikamatsu M, Satoh T, Noguchi I, Yasuda K, Nishinoiri A, Yoshitake T, Nosaki H, Maeda H, Maruyama T. Albumin-fused thioredoxin ameliorates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25485. [PMID: 38352801 PMCID: PMC10861950 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involves the simultaneous interaction of multiple factors such as lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response. Here, the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) fused to thioredoxin (Trx) on NASH was investigated. Trx is known to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. However, Trx is a low molecular weight protein and is rapidly eliminated from the blood. To overcome the low availability of Trx, HSA-Trx fusion protein was produced and evaluated the therapeutic effect on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NASH model mice. HSA-Trx administered before the formation of NASH pathology showed it to have a preventive effect. Specifically, HSA-Trx was found to prevent the pathological progression to NASH by suppressing lipid accumulation, liver injury markers, and liver fibrosis. When HSA-Trx was administered during the early stage of NASH there was a marked reduction in lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver, indicating that HSA-Trx ameliorates NASH pathology. The findings indicate that HSA-Trx influences multiple pathological factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, to elicit a therapeutic benefit. HSA-Trx also inhibited palmitic acid-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that HSA-Trx has potential as a therapeutic agent for NASH pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Murata
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Iwakiri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mayuko Chikamatsu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takao Satoh
- Kumamoto Industrial Research Institute, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Isamu Noguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kengo Yasuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishinoiri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takuma Yoshitake
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nosaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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30
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Hu J, Li S, Zhong X, Wei Y, Sun Q, Zhong L. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuate diet-induced obesity and NASH-related fibrosis in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25460. [PMID: 38356602 PMCID: PMC10864966 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma but has no available treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become increasingly prominent in cell therapy. Human umbilical cord MSCs (hUC-MSCs) are considered superior to other MSCs due to their strong immunomodulatory ability, ease of collection, low immune rejection, and no tumorigenicity. Though hUC-MSCs have received increasing attention in research, they have been rarely applied in any investigations or treatments of NASH and associated fibrosis. Therefore, this study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSCs in C57BL/6 mice with diet-induced NASH. At week 32, mice were randomized into two groups: phosphate-buffered saline and MSCs, which were injected into the tail vein. At week 40, glucose metabolism was evaluated using glucose and insulin tolerance tests. NASH-related indicators were examined using various biological methods. hUC-MSC administration alleviated obesity, glucose metabolism, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Liver RNA-seq showed that the expression of the acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) family members Acot1, Acot2, and Acot3 involved in fatty acid metabolism were altered. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) members Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14, which are involved in the peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, were significantly downregulated after hUC-MSC treatment. In conclusion, hUC-MSCs effectively reduced Western diet-induced obesity, NASH, and fibrosis in mice, partly by regulating lipid metabolism and the PPAR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yushuang Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qinjuan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China
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31
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Nogueira JP, Cusi K. Role of Insulin Resistance in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in People With Type 2 Diabetes: From Bench to Patient Care. Diabetes Spectr 2024; 37:20-28. [PMID: 38385099 PMCID: PMC10877218 DOI: 10.2337/dsi23-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is implicated in both the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression from steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma, which is known to be more common in people with type 2 diabetes. This article reviews the role of insulin resistance in the metabolic dysfunction observed in obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and hypertension and how it is a driver of the natural history of NAFLD by promoting glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. The authors also review the genetic and environmental factors that stimulate steatohepatitis and fibrosis progression and their relationship with cardiovascular disease and summarize guidelines supporting the treatment of NAFLD with diabetes medications that reduce insulin resistance, such as pioglitazone or glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Patricio Nogueira
- Universidad del Pacifico, Asunción, Paraguay
- Centro de Investigación en Endocrinología, Nutrición y Metabolismo, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Formosa, Formosa, Argentina
| | - Kenneth Cusi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Li N, Zhu C, Fu R, Ma X, Duan Z, Fan D. Ginsenoside Rg5 inhibits lipid accumulation and hepatocyte apoptosis via the Notch1 signaling pathway in NASH mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155287. [PMID: 38176268 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a prevalent chronic liver disease that lacks an FDA-approved treatment medicine. Despite the known antitumor and hypoglycemic properties of Ginsenoside Rg5, its effects and underlying mechanisms in the context of NASH remain largely unexplored. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the effect of Rg5 on NASH mice induced by a high-fat diet and CCl4. STUDY DESIGN In vivo experiments, a mouse NASH model was established by a HFHC diet plus intraperitoneal injection of low-dose CCl4. In vitro experiments, a cellular steatosis model was established using free fatty acids (FFA) induced HepG2 cells. In addition, a fibrogenesis model was established using HSC-LX2 cells. METHODS The effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 on lipid accumulation and oxidative damage were analyzed by ELISA kit, H&E staining, Oil Red O staining, flow cytometry and Western blot. The effects of Ginsenoside Rg5 on liver fibrosis were analyzed by Masson staining, Sirus Red staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The effect of Ginsenoside Rg5 on Notch1 signaling pathway in liver was studied by protein Oil Red staining, protein immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS In terms of lipid accumulation, Rg5 has the ability to regulate key proteins related to lipogenesis, thereby inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress. Additionally, Rg5 can reduce the occurrence of hepatocyte apoptosis by regulating the p53 protein. Moreover, after Rg5 intervention, the presence of fibrotic proteins (α-SMA, Collagen 1, TGF-β) in the liver is significantly suppressed, thus inhibiting liver fibrosis. Lastly, Rg5 leads to a decrease in the expression levels of Notch1 and its ligand Jagged-1 in the liver. CONCLUSION In summary, the regulatory effects of Rg5 on the Notch1 signaling pathway play a crucial role in modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and preventing hepatocyte apoptosis, thereby impeding the progression of NASH. These findings highlight the potential of Rg5 as a promising natural product for interventions targeting NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China; Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Lei Z, Yu J, Wu Y, Shen J, Lin S, Xue W, Mao C, Tang R, Sun H, Qi X, Wang X, Xu L, Wei C, Wang X, Chen H, Hao P, Yin W, Zhu J, Li Y, Wu Y, Liu S, Liang H, Chen X, Su C, Zhou S. CD1d protects against hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2024; 80:194-208. [PMID: 38438948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte apoptosis, a well-defined form of cell death in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered the primary cause of liver inflammation and fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in NASH remain largely unclear. We explored the anti-apoptotic effect of hepatocyte CD1d in NASH. METHODS Hepatocyte CD1d expression was analyzed in patients with NASH and mouse models. Hepatocyte-specific gene overexpression or knockdown and anti-CD1d crosslinking were used to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of hepatocyte CD1d on lipotoxicity-, Fas-, and concanavalin (ConA)-mediated liver injuries. A high-fat diet, a methionine-choline-deficient diet, a Fas agonist, and ConA were used to induce lipotoxic and/or apoptotic liver injuries. Palmitic acid was used to mimic lipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS We identified a dramatic decrease in CD1d expression in hepatocytes of patients with NASH and mouse models. Hepatocyte-specific CD1d overexpression and knockdown experiments collectively demonstrated that hepatocyte CD1d protected against hepatocyte apoptosis and alleviated hepatic inflammation and injuries in NASH mice. Furthermore, decreased JAK2-STAT3 signaling was observed in NASH patient livers. Mechanistically, anti-CD1d crosslinking on hepatocytes induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the CD1d cytoplasmic tail, leading to the recruitment and phosphorylation of JAK2. Phosphorylated JAK2 activated STAT3 and subsequently reduced apoptosis in hepatocytes, which was associated with an increase in anti-apoptotic effectors (Bcl-xL and Mcl-1) and a decrease in pro-apoptotic effectors (cleaved-caspase 3/7). Moreover, anti-CD1d crosslinking effectively protected against Fas- or ConA-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and liver injury in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered a previously unrecognized anti-apoptotic CD1d-JAK2-STAT3 axis in hepatocytes that conferred hepatoprotection and highlighted the potential of hepatocyte CD1d-directed therapy for liver injury and fibrosis in NASH, as well as in other liver diseases associated with hepatocyte apoptosis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Excessive and/or sustained hepatocyte apoptosis is critical in driving liver inflammation and injury. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remain largely unclear. Here, we found that CD1d expression in hepatocytes substantially decreases and negatively correlates with the severity of liver injury in patients with NASH. We further revealed a previously unrecognized anti-apoptotic CD1d-JAK2-STAT3 signaling axis in hepatocytes, which confers significant protection against liver injury in NASH and acute liver diseases. Thus, hepatocyte CD1d-targeted therapy could be a promising strategy to manipulate liver injury in both NASH and other hepatocyte apoptosis-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Lei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junyao Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shibo Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxu Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Hao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shouguo Liu
- Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chuan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Sha Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhong Y, Zhou L, Wang H, Lin S, Liu T, Kong X, Xiao G, Gao H. Kindlin-2 maintains liver homeostasis by regulating GSTP1-OPN-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105601. [PMID: 38159860 PMCID: PMC10831259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte plays a principal role in preserving integrity of the liver homeostasis. Our recent study demonstrated that Kindlin-2, a focal adhesion protein that activates integrins and regulates cell-extracellular matrix interactions, plays an important role in regulation of liver homeostasis by inhibiting inflammation pathway; however, the molecular mechanism of how Kindlin-2 KO activates inflammation is unknown. Here, we show that Kindlin-2 loss largely downregulates the antioxidant glutathione-S-transferase P1 in hepatocytes by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation via a mechanism involving protein-protein interaction. This causes overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species and excessive oxidative stress in hepatocytes. Kindlin-2 loss upregulates osteopontin in hepatocytes partially because of upregulation of reactive oxygen species and consequently stimulates overproduction of inflammatory cytokines and infiltration in liver. The molecular and histological deteriorations caused by Kindlin-2 deficiency are markedly reversed by systemic administration of an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine in mice. Taken together, Kindlin-2 plays a pivotal role in preserving integrity of liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixiong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiemin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xingxing Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Huanqing Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
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Hu YJ, Zhang X, Lv HM, Liu Y, Li SZ. Protein O-GlcNAcylation: The sweet hub in liver metabolic flexibility from a (patho)physiological perspective. Liver Int 2024; 44:293-315. [PMID: 38110988 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, reversible and atypical O-glycosylation that regulates various cellular physiological processes via conformation, stabilisation, localisation, chaperone interaction or activity of target proteins. The O-GlcNAcylation cycle is precisely controlled by collaboration between O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase. Uridine-diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine, the sole donor of O-GlcNAcylation produced by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, is controlled by the input of glucose, glutamine, acetyl coenzyme A and uridine triphosphate, making it a sensor of the fluctuation of molecules, making O-GlcNAcylation a pivotal nutrient sensor for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids and nucleotides. O-GlcNAcylation, particularly prevalent in liver, is the core hub for controlling systemic glucose homeostasis due to its nutritional sensitivity and precise spatiotemporal regulation of insulin signal transduction. The pathology of various liver diseases has highlighted hepatic metabolic disorder and dysfunction, and abnormal O-GlcNAcylation also plays a specific pathological role in these processes. Therefore, this review describes the unique features of O-GlcNAcylation and its dynamic homeostasis maintenance. Additionally, it explains the underlying nutritional sensitivity of O-GlcNAcylation and discusses its mechanism of spatiotemporal modulation of insulin signal transduction and liver metabolic homeostasis during the fasting and feeding cycle. This review emphasises the pathophysiological implications of O-GlcNAcylation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic fibrosis, and focuses on the adverse effects of hyper O-GlcNAcylation on liver cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hong-Ming Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Shi-Ze Li
- Key Laboratory of Bovine Disease Control in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs of the People's Republic of China, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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36
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Zhang L, Chen J, Yang X, Shen C, Huang J, Zhang D, Liu N, Liu C, Zhong Y, Chen Y, Tang K, Guo J, Cui T, Duan S, Li J, Huang S, Pan H, Zhang H, Tang X, Chang Y, Gao Y. Hepatic Zbtb18 (Zinc Finger and BTB Domain Containing 18) alleviates hepatic steatohepatitis via FXR (Farnesoid X Receptor). Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38263084 PMCID: PMC10806020 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A lasting imbalance between fatty acid synthesis and consumption leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), coupled with hepatitis and insulin resistance. Yet the details of the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we unraveled that the expression of the transcription factor Zbtb18 is markedly decreased in the livers of both patients and murine models of NAFLD. Hepatic Zbtb18 knockout promoted NAFLD features like impaired energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and induced insulin resistance. Conversely, hepatic Zbtb18 overexpression alleviated hepato-steatosis, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD) or in diabetic mice. Notably, in vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies revealed that Zbtb18 transcriptional activation of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) mediated FAO and Clathrin Heavy Chain (CLTC) protein hinders NLRP3 inflammasome activity. This key mechanism by which hepatocyte's Zbtb18 expression alleviates NAFLD and consequent liver fibrosis was further verified by FXR's deletion and forced expression in mice and cultured mouse primary hepatocytes (MPHs). Moreover, CLTC deletion significantly abrogated the hepatic Zbtb18 overexpression-driven inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activity in macrophages. Altogether, Zbtb18 transcriptionally activates the FXR-mediated FAO and CLTC expression, which inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome's activity alleviating inflammatory stress and insulin resistance, representing an attractive remedy for hepatic steatosis and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiabing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuangpeng Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Naihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yadi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huabing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolic Disease Research Center, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Disease, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Huang X, Zhang L, Luo W, Zeng Y, Li X, Yang N, Huang W, Ding BS. Endothelial anthrax toxin receptor 2 plays a protective role in liver fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1278968. [PMID: 38322497 PMCID: PMC10844529 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1278968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading cancers worldwide and is a potential consequence of fibrosis. Therefore, the identification of key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in liver fibrosis is an important goal for the development of new strategies to control liver-related diseases. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE136103 and GES181483) of clinical liver non-parenchymal cells were analyzed to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis. The proportion of endothelial subpopulations in cirrhotic livers was significantly higher than that in healthy livers. Gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the endothelial subgroups revealed that extracellular matrix (ECM)-related pathways were significantly enriched. Since anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) interacts with the ECM, the expression of ANTXR2 in the liver endothelium was analyzed. ANTXR2 expression in the liver endothelium of wild-type (WT) mice significantly decreased after a 4-time sequential injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to induce liver fibrosis. Next, conditional knockout mice selectively lacking Antxr2 in endothelial cells were generated. After endothelial-specific Antxr2 knockout mice were subjected to the CCl4 model, the degree of liver fibrosis in the knockout group was significantly more severe than that in the control group. In addition, ANTXR2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells promoted matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activation to degrade the ECM in vitro. Finally, endothelial-specific overexpression of Antxr2 alleviated the development of liver fibrosis following adeno-associated virus treatment. Collectively, these results suggested that endothelial ANTXR2 plays a protective role in liver fibrosis. This function of ANTXR2 may be achieved by promoting MMP2 activation to degrade the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bi-Sen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Imamori M, Hosooka T, Imi Y, Hosokawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Itoh Y, Ogawa W. Thrombospondin-1 promotes liver fibrosis by enhancing TGF-β action in hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149369. [PMID: 38091840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is thought to be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of various metabolic disorders including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASLD/MASH), but the mechanism underlying this contribution to MASLD/MASH has remained unknown. We previously showed that dysregulation of the PDK1-FoxO1 signaling axis in adipocytes plays a role in the development of MASLD/MASH by analysis of adipocyte-specific PDK1 knockout (A-PDK1KO) and adipocyte-specific PDK1/FoxO1 double-knockout (A-PDK1/FoxO1DKO) mice. We here focused on the role of the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) as a secreted factor whose expression in adipose tissue is increased in A-PDK1KO mice and normalized in A-PDK1/FoxO1DKO mice. Genetic ablation of TSP-1 markedly ameliorated liver fibrosis in A-PDK1KO mice fed a high-fat diet. With regard to the potential mechanism of this effect, TSP-1 augmented the expression of fibrosis-related genes induced by TGF-β in LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells. We also showed that TSP-1 expression and secretion were negatively regulated by insulin signaling via the PDK1-FoxO1 axis in cultured adipocytes. Our results thus indicate that TSP-1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis in MASH. Regulation of TSP-1 expression by PDK1-FoxO1 axis in adipocytes may provide a basis for targeted therapy of hepatic fibrosis in individuals with MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Imamori
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan; Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Imi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Division of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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Apostolo D, Ferreira LL, Vincenzi F, Vercellino N, Minisini R, Latini F, Ferrari B, Burlone ME, Pirisi M, Bellan M. From MASH to HCC: the role of Gas6/TAM receptors. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332818. [PMID: 38298195 PMCID: PMC10827955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the replacement term for what used to be called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It is characterized by inflammation and injury of the liver in the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and may eventually result in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common form of primary liver cancer. Several pathogenic mechanisms are involved in the transition from MASH to HCC, encompassing metabolic injury, inflammation, immune dysregulation and fibrosis. In this context, Gas6 (Growth Arrest-Specific 6) and TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK) receptors may play important roles. The Gas6/TAM family is involved in the modulation of inflammation, lipid metabolism, fibrosis, tumor progression and metastasis, processes which play an important role in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic liver diseases. In this review, we discuss MASH-associated HCC and the potential involvement of the Gas6/TAM system in disease development and progression. In addition, since therapeutic strategies for MASH and HCC are limited, we also speculate regarding possible future treatments involving the targeting of Gas6 or TAM receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Apostolo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luciana L Ferreira
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nicole Vercellino
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Rosalba Minisini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Federico Latini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Ferrari
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela E Burlone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Pirisi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità, Novara, Italy
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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40
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ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Bannuru RR, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Cusi K, Ekhlaspour L, Fleming TK, Hilliard ME, Johnson EL, Khunti K, Lingvay I, Matfin G, McCoy RG, Napoli N, Perry ML, Pilla SJ, Polsky S, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Segal AR, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Younossi ZM, Gabbay RA. 4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:S52-S76. [PMID: 38078591 PMCID: PMC10725809 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-s004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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Liu X, Fang Y, Qian C, Chen J, Luo W, Zuo W, Lin J, Xie L, Liang G, Huang L, Wang Y. CARD9 deficiency aggravated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through increasing inflammatory response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166893. [PMID: 37751783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is the leading cause of liver-related morbidity worldwide. Caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9), a myeloid cell-specific signaling protein, belongs to the CARD protein family. However, its role in NASH is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of CARD9 in the development of NASH. NASH models were established using CARD9-knockout and wild-type mice. They were either fed a methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet for 6 weeks or a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet for 16 weeks. Liver fibrosis model was also developed using CCl4. CARD9 deficiency accelerated steatohepatitis development in MCD or HFHC diet-fed mice, accompanied by an upregulation of fibrosis, adipogenesis, and proinflammatory genes. CARD9 deficiency was found to exacerbate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. In vitro studies demonstrated that CARD9 deficiency induced the expression of S100a8/a9 through Toll-like receptor in Kupffer cells treated with palmitate. This led to an increased expression of proinflammatory, fibrosis, and lipid metabolism-related genes in NASH progression. These results highlight the role of CARD9 in the development of NASH and provide new insights into the therapeutic strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chenchen Qian
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wu Luo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Wei Zuo
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China
| | - Jianjun Lin
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China
| | - Longteng Xie
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lijiang Huang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Joint Research Centre on Medicine, the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315700, China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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42
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Casari M, Siegl D, Deppermann C, Schuppan D. Macrophages and platelets in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1277808. [PMID: 38116017 PMCID: PMC10728659 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
During fibrosis, (myo)fibroblasts deposit large amounts of extracellular matrix proteins, thereby replacing healthy functional tissue. In liver fibrosis, this leads to the loss of hepatocyte function, portal hypertension, variceal bleeding, and increased susceptibility to infection. At an early stage, liver fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process, however, from the cirrhotic stage, there is significant progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Both liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and monocyte-derived macrophages are important drivers of fibrosis progression, but can also induce its regression once triggers of chronic inflammation are eliminated. In liver cancer, they are attracted to the tumor site to become tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) polarized towards a M2- anti-inflammatory/tumor-promoting phenotype. Besides their role in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets can also stimulate fibrosis and tumor development by secreting profibrogenic factors and regulating the innate immune response, e.g., by interacting with monocytes and macrophages. Here, we review recent literature on the role of macrophages and platelets and their interplay in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Casari
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Siegl
- Institute for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carsten Deppermann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immune Therapy Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Research Center for Immune Therapy Forschungszentrum für Immuntherapie (FZI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Qin MC, Li JJ, Zheng YT, Li YJ, Zhang YX, Ou RX, He WY, Zhao JM, Liu ST, Liu MH, Lin HY, Gao L. Naringin ameliorates liver fibrosis in zebrafish by modulating IDO1-mediated lipid metabolism and inflammatory infiltration. Food Funct 2023; 14:10347-10361. [PMID: 37930368 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03858k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis (LF) is an important reparative process in response to acute or chronic hepatic injury, which has the potential to advance towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Dietary naringin consumption contributes to protection against LF in animal studies, while the exact protective mechanism of naringin remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the potential protective effect of naringin against TAA-induced LF in zebrafish. In this study, we utilized zebrafish to create the LF model and investigate the therapeutic mechanism of naringin. Firstly, we evaluated the changes in hepatic fibrosis and lipid accumulation in the liver following naringin treatment with oil red O, Nile red, and Sirius red and immunohistochemistry. In addition, we employed an ROS probe to directly measure oxidative stress and monitor inflammatory cell migration in a zebrafish transgenic line. Morpholino was used in the knockdown of IDO1 in order to verify its vital role in LF. Our findings demonstrated that naringin exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic action in conjunction with a reversal in lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and suppression of macrophage infiltration and activation of hepatic stellate cells. Furthermore, the results showed that the antifibrotic effect of naringin was removed upon IDO1 knockdown, proving that naringin exerts a protective effect by regulating IDO1. Naringin demonstrates remarkable protective effects against LF, effectively counteracting inflammation and hepatic steatosis in zebrafish liver. These findings suggest that naringin may function as an effective IDO1 inhibitor, holding the potential for clinical translation as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chen Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Tao Zheng
- Emergency Department, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Jia Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rou-Xuan Ou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Yi He
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Tong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Ming-Hao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Hai-Yan Lin
- Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Lei Gao
- Emergency Department, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kholodenko IV, Yarygin KN. Hepatic Macrophages as Targets for the MSC-Based Cell Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3056. [PMID: 38002056 PMCID: PMC10669188 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious public health issue associated with the obesity pandemic. Obesity is the main risk factor for the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which progresses to NASH and then to end-stage liver disease. Currently, there are no specific pharmacotherapies of NAFLD/NASH approved by the FDA or other national regulatory bodies and the treatment includes lifestyle adjustment and medicines for improving lipid metabolism, enhancing sensitivity to insulin, balancing oxidation, and counteracting fibrosis. Accordingly, further basic research and development of new therapeutic approaches are greatly needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles prevent induced hepatocyte death in vitro and attenuate NASH symptoms in animal models of the disease. They interact with hepatocytes directly, but also target other liver cells, including Kupffer cells and macrophages recruited from the blood flow. This review provides an update on the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the key role of macrophages in the development of the disease. We examine in detail the mechanisms of the cross-talk between the MSCs and the macrophages, which are likely to be among the key targets of MSCs and their derivatives in the course of NAFLD/NASH cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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Kasahara N, Imi Y, Amano R, Shinohara M, Okada K, Hosokawa Y, Imamori M, Tomimoto C, Kunisawa J, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Ogawa W, Hosooka T. A gut microbial metabolite of linoleic acid ameliorates liver fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18983. [PMID: 37923895 PMCID: PMC10624680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug pioglitazone ameliorates insulin resistance by activating the transcription factor PPARγ. In addition to its blood glucose-lowering action, pioglitazone exerts pleiotropic effects including amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The mechanism by which pioglitazone achieves this latter effect has remained unclear, however. We here show that pioglitazone administration increases the amount of linoleic acid (LA) metabolites in adipose tissue of KK-Ay mice. These metabolites are produced by lactic acid bacteria in the gut, and pioglitazone also increased the fraction of Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota. Administration of the LA metabolite HYA (10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid) to C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet improved liver histology including steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Gene ontology analysis of RNA-sequencing data for the liver revealed that the top category for genes downregulated by HYA treatment was related to extracellular matrix, and the expression of individual genes related to fibrosis was confirmed to be attenuated by HYA treatment. Mechanistically, HYA suppressed TGF-β-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and fibrosis-related gene expression in human hepatic stellate cells (LX-2). Our results implicate LA metabolites in the mechanism by which pioglitazone ameliorates liver fibrosis, and they suggest that HYA is a potential therapeutic for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanaho Kasahara
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukiko Imi
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Reina Amano
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Future Medicine Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kumiko Okada
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yusei Hosokawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Makoto Imamori
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | | | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Wataru Ogawa
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosooka
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan.
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Bai J, Zhu L, Mi W, Gao Z, Ouyang M, Sheng W, Song L, Bao L, Ma Y, Xu Y. Multiscale integrative analyses unveil immune-related diagnostic signature for the progression of MASLD. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0298. [PMID: 37851406 PMCID: PMC10586828 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a chronic liver disease prevalent worldwide, with an increasing incidence associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. The progression of MASLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) poses a pressing health concern, highlighting the significance of accurately identifying MASLD and its progression to MASH as a primary challenge in the field. In this study, a systematic integration of 66 immune cell types was conducted. Comprehensive analyses were performed on bulk, single-cell RNA-Seq, and clinical data to investigate the immune cell types implicated in MASLD progression thoroughly. Multiple approaches, including immune infiltration, gene expression trend analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis, and 4 machine learning algorithms, were used to examine the dynamic changes in genes and immune cells during MASLD progression. C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 and dedicator of cytokinesis 8 have been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers for MASLD progression. Furthermore, cell communication analysis at the single-cell level revealed that the involvement of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 and dedicator of cytokinesis 8 in MASLD progression is mediated through their influence on T cells. Overall, our study identified vital immune cells and a 2-gene diagnostic signature for the progression of MASLD, providing a new perspective on the diagnosis and immune-related molecular mechanisms of MASLD. These findings have important implications for developing innovative diagnostic tools and therapies for MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lun Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanqi Mi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengzheng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Minyue Ouyang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wanlu Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lidao Bao
- Hohhot Mongolian Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuheng Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yingqi Xu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
- College of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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47
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Che Z, Zhou Z, Li SQ, Gao L, Xiao J, Wong NK. ROS/RNS as molecular signatures of chronic liver diseases. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:951-967. [PMID: 37704494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The liver can succumb to oxidant damage during the development of chronic liver diseases. Despite their physiological relevance to hepatic homeostasis, excessive reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production under pathological conditions is detrimental to all liver constituents. Chronic oxidative stress coupled to unresolved inflammation sets in motion the activation of profibrogenic hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and later pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. The liver antioxidant and repair systems, along with autophagic and ferroptotic machineries, are implicated in the onset and trajectory of disease development. In this review, we discuss the ROS/RNS-related mechanisms underlying liver fibrosis of distinct etiologies and highlight preclinical and clinical trials of antifibrotic therapies premised on remediating oxidative/nitrosative stress in hepatocytes or targeting HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Che
- Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Obesity and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen 518116, China; Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Si-Qi Li
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- Clinical Research Institute, Institute of Obesity and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Clinical Research of Liver Diseases, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266001, China.
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Clinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
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Terracciani F, Falcomatà A, Gallo P, Picardi A, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U. Prognostication in NAFLD: physiological bases, clinical indicators, and newer biomarkers. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:851-868. [PMID: 36472795 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming an epidemic in Western countries. Notably, while the majority of NAFLD patients will not evolve until advanced liver disease, a minority of them will progress towards liver-related events. Therefore, risk stratification and prognostication are emerging as fundamental in order to optimize human and economic resources for the care of these patients.Liver fibrosis has been clearly recognized as the main predictor of poor hepatic and extrahepatic outcomes. However, a prediction based only on the stage of fibrosis is near-sighted and static, as it does not capture the propensity of disease to further progress, the speed of progression and their changes over time. These determinants, which result from the interaction between genetic predisposition and acquired risk factors (obesity, diabetes, etc.), express themselves in disease activity, and can be synthesized by biomarkers of hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis.In this review, we present the currently available clinical tools for risk stratification and prognostication in NAFLD specifically with respect to the risk of progression towards hard hepatic outcomes, i.e., liver-related events and death. We also discuss about the genetic and acquired drivers of disease progression, together with the physiopathological bases of their come into action. Finally, we introduce the most promising biomarkers in the direction of repeatedly assessing disease activity over time, mainly in response to future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Terracciani
- Hepatology and Clinical Medicine Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Falcomatà
- Hepatology and Clinical Medicine Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Gallo
- Hepatology and Clinical Medicine Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Antonio Picardi
- Hepatology and Clinical Medicine Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abdelrahman BA, El-Khatib AS, Attia YM. Insights into the role of vitamin D in targeting the culprits of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2023; 332:122124. [PMID: 37742738 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) is a secosteroid hormone that is renowned for its crucial role in phospho-calcium homeostasis upon binding to the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). Over and above, the pleiotropic immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic roles VD plays in different disease settings started to surface in the past few decades. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence suggests a correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive inflammatory form non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) owing to the former's ingrained link with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Accordingly, a better understanding of the contribution of disrupted VDR signalling to NAFLD incidence and progression would provide further insights into its diagnosis, treatment modalities, and prognosis. This is especially significant as, hitherto, no drug for NAFLD has been approved. This review, therefore, sought to set forth the likely contribution of VDR signalling in NAFLD and how it might influence its multiple drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma A Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yasmeen M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhang YW, Hou LS, Xing JH, Zhang TR, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. Two-Membrane Hybrid Nanobiomimetic Delivery System for Targeted Autophagy Inhibition of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells To Synergistically Treat Liver Fibrosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37899504 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is one of the most common and highly prevalent chronic liver diseases caused by multiple pathogenic factors, and there is still no effective therapeutic drugs up to now. The activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) are the main executor in liver fibrosis, and the autophagy plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of aHSCs, which promotes the development of liver fibrosis. However, autophagy has the opposite effect on the different kinds of liver cells in the development of liver fibrosis, and the clinical treatment has been limited by the poor selectivity and inefficient drug delivery to aHSCs. Therefore, in this study, a liposome (Lip) and exosome (Exo) two-membrane hybrid nanobiomimetic delivery system HCQ@VA-Lip-Exo was designed, which was modified by vitamin A (VA) to target the aHSCs and carried the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). The experimental results in vitro and in vivo revealed that the constructed aHSC-targeted hybrid delivery system HCQ@VA-Lip-Exo combined with the benefits of HCQ and exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. HCQ@VA-Lip-Exo had good aHSC-targeted delivery ability, effective autophagy inhibition, and synergistical anti-liver fibrosis performance, thus reducing the production and deposition of the extracellular matrix to inhibit the liver fibrosis. This combined strategy provided a potential idea for the construction and clinical application of a two-membrane hybrid delivery system as an effective targeted therapy of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Shuang Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Hua Xing
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang-Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, People's Republic of China
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