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Ye L, Huang J, Liang X, Guo W, Sun X, Shao C, He Y, Zhang J. Jiawei Taohe Chengqi Decoction attenuates CCl 4 induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting HSCs activation via TGF-β1/CUGBP1 and IFN-γ/Smad7 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155916. [PMID: 39094440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is an essential stage in the progression of different chronic liver conditions to cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a crucial role in the progression of HF. IFN- γ/Smad7 pathway can inhibit HSCs activation, while TGF-β1/CUGBP1 pathway can inhibit IFN-γ/Smad7 pathway transduction and promote HSCs activation. Thus, inhibiting the TGF-β1/CUGBP1 pathway and activating the IFN-γ/Smad7 pathway reverses HSCs activation and inhibits HF. Jiawei Taohe Chengqi Decoction (JTCD) was derived from the Taohe Chengqi Tang in the ancient Chinese medical text titled "Treatise on Febrile Diseases". We found several anti-HF components in JTCD including ginsenoside Rb1 and others, but the specific mechanism of anti-HF in JTCD is not clear. PURPOSE To elucidate the specific mechanism by which JTCD reverses HF by inhibiting the activation of HSCs, and to establish a scientific foundation for treating HF with Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). METHODS We constructed a CCl4-induced mice HF model in vivo and activated human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) with TGF-β1 in vitro, after which they were treated with JTCD and the corresponding inhibitors. We examined the expression of pivotal molecules in the two pathways mentioned above by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS JTCD attenuated liver injury and reduced serum ALT and AST levels in mice. In addition, JTCD attenuated CCl4-induced HF by decreasing the expression of α-SMA, COL1A1 and other markers of HSCs activation in mice liver tissue. Moreover, JTCD effectively suppressed the levels of TGF-β1, p-Smad3, p-p38MAPK, p-ATF2, and CUGBP1 in vivo and in vitro and upregulated the levels of IFN-γ, p-STAT1, and Smad7. Mechanically, after using the inhibitors of both pathways in vitro, we found that JTCD inhibited the activation of HSCs by restoring the balance of the TGF-β1/CUGBP1 and IFN-γ/Smad7 pathways. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that JTCD inhibited HSCs activation and reversed HF by inhibiting the TGF-β1/CUGBP1 signalling pathway and upregulating the IFN-γ/Smad7 signalling pathway. Moreover, we have identified specific links where JTCD interferes with both pathways to inhibit HSCs activation. JTCD is an effective candidate for the clinical treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmao Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiaofan Liang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wenqin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Chang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yi He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Lai W, Zhang J, Sun J, Min T, Bai Y, He J, Cao H, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Oxidative stress in alcoholic liver disease, focusing on proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134809. [PMID: 39154692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the important factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease. The production of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals is an important feature of alcohol metabolism in the liver and an important substance in liver injury. When large amounts of ROS are produced, the homeostasis of the liver REDOX system will be disrupted and liver injury will be caused. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, liver dysfunction. In addition, damaging factors produced by oxidative damage to liver tissue can induce the occurrence of inflammation, thereby aggravating the development of ALD. This article reviews the oxidative damage of alcohol on liver proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, and provides new insights and summaries of the oxidative stress process. We also discussed the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in alcoholic liver disease from different perspectives. Finally, the research status of antioxidant therapy in alcoholic liver disease was summarized, hoping to provide better help for learning and developing the understanding of alcoholic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwen Lai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianqi Min
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jincan He
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd, Science City, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Li Z, Hong Q, Guo Z, Liu X, Tan C, Feng Z, Li K. Construction and validation of a nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in middle-aged patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A SEER-based study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39480. [PMID: 39312373 PMCID: PMC11419510 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The aim of this study was to construct a nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in middle-aged patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical data were downloaded from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database for middle-aged patients diagnosed with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (AJCC stage III and IV) from 2000 to 2019. The patients were randomized in a 7:3 ratio into training cohort and validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed in the training cohort to screen for independent risk factors associated with cancer-specific survival for the construction of nomogram. The nomogram was examined and evaluated using the consistency index (C-index), area under the curve (AUC), and calibration plots. The clinical application value of the model was evaluated using decision curve analysis (DCA). A total of 3026 patients were selected, including 2244 in the training cohort and 962 in the validation cohort. Multivariate analysis revealed gender, marital status, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, tumor size, bone metastasis, lung metastasis, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy as independent risk factors, which were all included in the construction of the nomogram. In the training cohort, the AUC values were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.76-0.72), 0.78 (95% CI: 0.82-0.75), and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.86-0.78) at 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS, respectively. The calibration plots showed good consistency between the actual and predicted values. The DCA curves indicated that the nomogram model could more accurately predict CSS at 1-, 3-, and 5-year in middle-aged patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma compared with the AJCC staging system. Highly similar results to the training cohort were also observed in the validation cohort. In the risk stratification system, good differentiation was shown between the 2 groups, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that surgery could prolong patient survival. In this study, we developed a nomogram and risk stratification system for predicting CSS in middle-aged patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The prediction model has good predictive performance and can help clinicians in judging prognosis and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyong Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhidong Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengpeng Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hubei Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Böhmová A, Mikoška M, Syslová K, Šindelářová D, Hříbek P, Urbánek P, Setnička V. Untargeted metabolomics of blood plasma samples of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116263. [PMID: 38852296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. HCC is often diagnosed late because patients with early-stage cancer have no apparent symptoms. Therefore, it is desirable to find a reliable method for an early diagnosis based on the detection of metabolites - biomarkers, that can be detected in the early stages of the disease. Untargeted metabolomics is often used as a tool to find a suitable biomarker for several diseases. In this work, untargeted metabolomics was performed on blood plasma samples of HCC patients and compared with healthy individuals and patients with liver cirrhosis. A combination of liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry was used as an analytical method. More than a thousand peaks were detected in the blood plasma samples, from which mainly amino acids, carboxylic acids, lipids, and their derivatives were evaluated as potential biomarkers. The data obtained were statistically processed using the analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adéla Böhmová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Mikoška
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic.
| | - Dominika Šindelářová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hříbek
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, Prague 6 169 02, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, Hradec Králové 500 01, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Urbánek
- Military University Hospital Prague, Department of Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenské nemocnice 1200, Prague 6 169 02, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
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Elebo N, Mpinganjira MG, Baichan P, Devar J, Omoshoro-Jones J, Francis JM, Smith M, Nweke EE. The need for research targeting the link between occupational carcinogens and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in Africa: A systematic review. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102036. [PMID: 38878612 PMCID: PMC11225925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancers encompassing malignancies of the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and bile ducts pose a significant health burden in Africa. While the association of certain occupational carcinogens in cancer is well established globally, their potential role in HPB cancers remains understudied, especially in an African context. AIM This systematic review delves into the association between occupational carcinogens and HPB cancer in Africa. It examines the current state of research on occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, identifying key challenges and knowledge gaps. METHODS This systematic review examined publications (published between 01 January 2012 and 31 May 2023) that highlight occupational carcinogens and HBP cancers in Africa. The search was conducted on electronic databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Africa Wide Information. RESULT Due to the lack of information on the association between occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, as a result of the paucity of published studies, only four articles were included in this study. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the predominant cancer associated with the occupational carcinogen, aflatoxin. Agricultural workers, especially those involved in the production and processing of maize and peanuts, appear to be the most exposed to aflatoxin. CONCLUSION Despite the sample size limitations due to the paucity of research studies on occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, this study provides a reasonable tool for subsequent epidemiological studies. There is a need for more research on the association of occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, especially with the growing industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnenna Elebo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mafuno Grace Mpinganjira
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Pavan Baichan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - John Devar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Hepatopancreatobiliary unit, Department of Surgery, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jones Omoshoro-Jones
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Hepatopancreatobiliary unit, Department of Surgery, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joel Msafiri Francis
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Hepatopancreatobiliary unit, Department of Surgery, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ekene Emmanuel Nweke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, South Africa.
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Rivera-Esteban J, Muñoz-Martínez S, Higuera M, Sena E, Bermúdez-Ramos M, Bañares J, Martínez-Gomez M, Cusidó MS, Jiménez-Masip A, Francque SM, Tacke F, Minguez B, Pericàs JM. Phenotypes of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1774-1789.e8. [PMID: 38604295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops as a consequence of liver cirrhosis, but HCC epidemiology has evolved drastically in recent years. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, has emerged as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and a leading cause of HCC. A substantial proportion of MASLD-associated HCC (MASLD-HCC) also can develop in patients without cirrhosis. The specific pathways that trigger carcinogenesis in this context are not elucidated completely, and recommendations for HCC surveillance in MASLD patients are challenging. In the era of precision medicine, it is critical to understand the processes that define the profiles of patients at increased risk of HCC in the MASLD setting, including cardiometabolic risk factors and the molecular targets that could be tackled effectively. Ideally, defining categories that encompass key pathophysiological features, associated with tailored diagnostic and treatment strategies, should facilitate the identification of specific MASLD-HCC phenotypes. In this review, we discuss MASLD-HCC, including its epidemiology and health care burden, the mechanistic data promoting MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, and MASLD-HCC. Its natural history, prognosis, and treatment are addressed specifically, as the role of metabolic phenotypes of MASLD-HCC as a potential strategy for risk stratification. The challenges in identifying high-risk patients and screening strategies also are discussed, as well as the potential approaches for MASLD-HCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rivera-Esteban
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Martínez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Higuera
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sena
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Bermúdez-Ramos
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Liver Unit, Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Juan Bañares
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez-Gomez
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Serra Cusidó
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Jiménez-Masip
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sven M Francque
- Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium; InflaMed Centre of Excellence, Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Paediatrics, Translational Sciences in Inflammation and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Minguez
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Pericàs
- Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Campus Hospitalari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain.
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Albadawi H, Zhang Z, Keum H, Cevik E, Nagalo BM, Gunduz S, Kita H, Oklu R. Percutaneous Delivery of Oncogel for Targeted Liver Tumor Ablation and Controlled Release of Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406080. [PMID: 39148179 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Advanced-stage liver cancers are associated with poor prognosis and have limited treatment options, often leading the patient to hospice care. Percutaneous intratumoral injection of anticancer agents has emerged as a potential alternative to systemic therapy to overcome tumor barriers, increase bioavailability, potentiate immunotherapy, and avoid systemic toxicity, which advanced-stage cancer patients cannot tolerate. Here, an injectable OncoGel (OG) comprising of a nanocomposite hydrogel loaded with an ionic liquid (IL) is developed for achieving a predictable and uniform tumor ablation and long-term slow release of anticancer agents into the ablation zone. Rigorous mechanical, physiochemical, drug release, cytotoxicity experiments, and ex vivo human tissue testing identify an injectable version of the OG with bactericidal properties against highly resistant bacteria. Intratumoral injection of OG loaded with Nivolumab (Nivo) and doxorubicin (Dox) into highly malignant tumor models in mice, rats, and rabbits demonstrates enhanced survival and tumor regression associated with robust tissue ablation and drug distribution throughout the tumor. Mass cytometry and proteomic studies in a mouse model of colorectal cancer that often metastasizes to the liver indicate an enhanced anticancer immune response following the intratumoral injection of OG. OG may augment immunotherapy and potentially improve outcomes in liver cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Albadawi
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AR, 85259, USA
| | - Zefu Zhang
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AR, 85259, USA
| | - Hyeongseop Keum
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AR, 85259, USA
| | - Enes Cevik
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AR, 85259, USA
| | - Bolni M Nagalo
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Seyda Gunduz
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AR, 85259, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istinye University; Bahcesehir Liv Hospital, Istanbul, 34517, Turkey
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Immunology, Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology and the Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AR, 85259, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Laboratory for Patient Inspired Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 13400 East Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AR, 85259, USA
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Yin Y, Feng W, Chen J, Chen X, Wang G, Wang S, Xu X, Nie Y, Fan D, Wu K, Xia L. Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the progression, metastasis, and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:72. [PMID: 39085965 PMCID: PMC11292955 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with high incidence, recurrence, and metastasis rates. The emergence of immunotherapy has improved the treatment of advanced HCC, but problems such as drug resistance and immune-related adverse events still exist in clinical practice. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC restricts the efficacy of immunotherapy and is essential for HCC progression and metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms behind immunosuppressive TME to develop and apply immunotherapy. This review systematically summarizes the pathogenesis of HCC, the formation of the highly heterogeneous TME, and the mechanisms by which the immunosuppressive TME accelerates HCC progression and metastasis. We also review the status of HCC immunotherapy and further discuss the existing challenges and potential therapeutic strategies targeting immunosuppressive TME. We hope to inspire optimizing and innovating immunotherapeutic strategies by comprehensively understanding the structure and function of immunosuppressive TME in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weibo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xilang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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9
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Danpanichkul P, Chen VL, Chaiyakunapruk N, Auttapracha T, Kongarin S, Ng CH, Duangsonk K, Muthiah MD, Sukphutanan B, Sim B, Huang DQ, Seko Y, Lee BP, Takahashi H, Noureddin M, Lazarus JV, Díaz LA, Arab JP, Mellinger JL, Liangpunsakul S, Wijarnpreecha K. Socio-economic association of alcohol use disorder and cardiovascular and alcohol-associated liver disease from 2010 to 2019. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 60:340-349. [PMID: 38808961 DOI: 10.1111/apt.18095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Alcohol use leads to disabilities and deaths worldwide. It not only harms the liver but also causes alcohol use disorder (AUD) and heart disease. Additionally, alcohol consumption contributes to health disparities among different socio-economic groups. METHODS We estimated global and regional trends in the burden of AUD, liver disease, and cardiovascular disease from alcohol using the methodology of the Global Burden of Disease study. RESULTS In 2019, the highest disability-adjusted life years rate per 100,000 population was due to AUD (207.31 [95% Uncertainty interval (UI) 163.71-261.66]), followed by alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) (133.31 [95% UI 112.68-156.17]). The prevalence rate decreased for AUD (APC [annual percentage change] -0.38%) and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy (APC -1.85%) but increased for ALD (APC 0.44%) and liver cancer (APC 0.53%). Although the mortality rate for liver cancer from alcohol increased (APC 0.30%), mortality rates from other diseases decreased. Between 2010 and 2019, the burden of alcohol-associated complications increased in countries with low and low-middle sociodemographic index (SDI), contributing more significantly to the global burden. CONCLUSION The global burden of AUD, liver, and cardiovascular disease has been high and increasing over the past decade, particularly for liver complications. Lower SDI countries are contributing more to this global burden. There is a pressing need for effective strategies to address this escalating burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pojsakorn Danpanichkul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Immunology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Vincent L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- IDEAS Center, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | | | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kwanjit Duangsonk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mark D Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | | | - Benedix Sim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yuya Seko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Brian P Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mazen Noureddin
- Houston Research Institute and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York, New York, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Luis Antonio Díaz
- MASLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- The Global NASH Council, Washington, DC, USA
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Observatorio Multicéntrico de Enfermedades Gastrointestinales, OMEGA, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University & London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Leigh Mellinger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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10
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Unagolla JM, Das S, Flanagan R, Oehler M, Menon JU. Targeting chronic liver diseases: Molecular markers, drug delivery strategies and future perspectives. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124381. [PMID: 38917958 PMCID: PMC11246230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation, a pervasive global health issue, results in millions of annual deaths due to its progression from fibrosis to the more severe forms of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This insidious condition stems from diverse factors such as obesity, genetic conditions, alcohol abuse, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and toxic accumulation, manifesting as chronic liver diseases (CLDs) such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and autoimmune hepatitis. Late detection of CLDs necessitates effective treatments to inhibit and potentially reverse disease progression. However, current therapies exhibit limitations in consistency and safety. A potential breakthrough lies in nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies, offering targeted delivery to specific liver cell types, such as hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells. This review explores molecular targets for CLD treatment, ongoing clinical trials, recent advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and the future outlook of this research field. Early intervention is crucial for chronic liver disease. Having a comprehensive understanding of current treatments, molecular biomarkers and novel nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies can have enormous impact in guiding future strategies for the prevention and treatment of CLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janitha M Unagolla
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Subarna Das
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Riley Flanagan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Marin Oehler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jyothi U Menon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
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11
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Suddle A, Reeves H, Hubner R, Marshall A, Rowe I, Tiniakos D, Hubscher S, Callaway M, Sharma D, See TC, Hawkins M, Ford-Dunn S, Selemani S, Meyer T. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults. Gut 2024; 73:1235-1268. [PMID: 38627031 PMCID: PMC11287576 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Deaths from the majority of cancers are falling globally, but the incidence and mortality from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United Kingdom and in other Western countries. HCC is a highly fatal cancer, often diagnosed late, with an incidence to mortality ratio that approaches 1. Despite there being a number of treatment options, including those associated with good medium to long-term survival, 5-year survival from HCC in the UK remains below 20%. Sex, ethnicity and deprivation are important demographics for the incidence of, and/or survival from, HCC. These clinical practice guidelines will provide evidence-based advice for the assessment and management of patients with HCC. The clinical and scientific data underpinning the recommendations we make are summarised in detail. Much of the content will have broad relevance, but the treatment algorithms are based on therapies that are available in the UK and have regulatory approval for use in the National Health Service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Suddle
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Helen Reeves
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Hubner
- Department of Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ian Rowe
- University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stefan Hubscher
- Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Callaway
- Division of Diagnostics and Therapies, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Teik Choon See
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Hawkins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah Selemani
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tim Meyer
- Department of Oncology, University College, London, UK
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12
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Rycyk-Bojarzynska A, Kasztelan-Szczerbinska B, Cichoz-Lach H, Surdacka A, Rolinski J. Neutrophil PAD4 Expression and Its Pivotal Role in Assessment of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7597. [PMID: 39062840 PMCID: PMC11276781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a defense strategy in response to broad-spectrum infections and sterile triggers. NETs consist of a DNA scaffold decorated with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and enzymatically active proteases, including peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4). Susceptibility to infections and inflammatory dysregulation are hallmarks of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). Sixty-two patients with ALD were prospectively recruited, and they were followed for 90 days. Twenty-four healthy volunteers served as the control group. PAD4 concentrations were quantified using immunoenzymatic ELISAs. Correlation coefficients between PAD4 blood concentrations and markers of systemic inflammation; liver dysfunction severity scores; and ALD complications were calculated. The receiver operating curves (ROCs) and their areas under the curve (AUCs) were checked in order to assess the accuracy of PAD4 expression in predicting the degree of liver failure and the development of ALD complications. Systemic concentrations of PAD4 were significantly increased in the patients with ALD in comparison with controls. PAD4 levels correlated with the standard markers of inflammation and revealed a good predictive AUC (0.76) for survival in the whole ALD group. PAD4 seems to be an inflammatory mediator and may be potentially applied as a predictor of patient survival in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rycyk-Bojarzynska
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Halina Cichoz-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Surdacka
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Rolinski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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13
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Galasso L, Cerrito L, Maccauro V, Termite F, Mignini I, Esposto G, Borriello R, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Inflammatory Response in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Double-Edged Weapon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7191. [PMID: 39000296 PMCID: PMC11241080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent among primary liver tumors (90%) and one of the main causes of cancer-related death. It develops usually in a chronically inflamed environment, ranging from compensatory parenchymal regeneration to fibrosis and cirrhosis: carcinogenesis can potentially happen in each of these stages. Inflammation determined by chronic viral infection (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hepatitis delta viruses) represents an important risk factor for HCC etiology through both viral direct damage and immune-related mechanisms. The deregulation of the physiological liver immunological network determined by viral infection can lead to carcinogenesis. The recent introduction of immunotherapy as the gold-standard first-line treatment for HCC highlights the role of the immune system and inflammation as a double-edged weapon in both HCC carcinogenesis and treatment. In this review we highlight how the inflammation is the key for the hepatocarcinogenesis in viral, alcohol and metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Galasso
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Maccauro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Termite
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Mignini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Esposto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Borriello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Rome, 00168 Rome, Italy
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14
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Bartnik K, Krzyziński M, Bartczak T, Korzeniowski K, Lamparski K, Wróblewski T, Grąt M, Hołówko W, Mech K, Lisowska J, Januszewicz M, Biecek P. A novel radiomics approach for predicting TACE outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients using deep learning for multi-organ segmentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14779. [PMID: 38926517 PMCID: PMC11208561 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) represent the standard of therapy for non-operative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while prediction of long term treatment outcomes is a complex and multifactorial task. In this study, we present a novel machine learning approach utilizing radiomics features from multiple organ volumes of interest (VOIs) to predict TACE outcomes for 252 HCC patients. Unlike conventional radiomics models requiring laborious manual segmentation limited to tumoral regions, our approach captures information comprehensively across various VOIs using a fully automated, pretrained deep learning model applied to pre-TACE CT images. Evaluation of radiomics random survival forest models against clinical ones using Cox proportional hazard demonstrated comparable performance in predicting overall survival. However, radiomics outperformed clinical models in predicting progression-free survival. Explainable analysis highlighted the significance of non-tumoral VOI features, with their cumulative importance superior to features from the largest liver tumor. The proposed approach overcomes the limitations of manual VOI segmentation, requires no radiologist input and highlight the clinical relevance of features beyond tumor regions. Our findings suggest the potential of this radiomics models in predicting TACE outcomes, with possible implications for other clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartnik
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Krzyziński
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75 st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bartczak
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75 st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Korzeniowski
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lamparski
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Wróblewski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wacław Hołówko
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mech
- Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Lisowska
- Department of General, Gastroenterological and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Januszewicz
- Second Department of Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a st., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Biecek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75 st., Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Liu M, Zhu M, Huang Y, Wu J, Peng Z, Liang Y. Prognostic model and ceRNA network of m7G- and radiosensitivity-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29925. [PMID: 38707306 PMCID: PMC11068534 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies indicated that N7-methylguanosine (m7G)-associated genes are involved in radioresistance and prognosis of HCC. However, the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of m7G-and radiosensitivity-associated genes are still lacking. Methods The related statistics of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). M7G- and radiosensitivity-associated genes were screened and evaluated using correlation, differential, univariate, and multivariate analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm was used to establish a prognostic model. Prognostic efficacy, functional analysis, immune cell infiltration,and drug sensitivity of the prognostic model were assessed. The ceRNA network was predicted and evaluated through the StarBase database, correlation analysis, expression analysis, and survival analysis. Result METTL1, EIF3D, NCBP2, and WDR4 participated in prognosis model construction. The favorable prediction efficiency has been verified in both the training and verification sets. Different risk groups have differences in prognosis outcome, function analysis, immune cell infiltration, and drug sensitivity. NCBP2 can be used to predict the prognosis and has excellent potential in immunotherapy. A prognostic ceRNA network based on the NCBP2/miR-122-5p axis was established. Conclusion The prognosis model of m7G- and radiosensitivity-related genes is constructed, and widely used in clinical prognosis, immunotherapy, and drug therapy. NCBP2, as a hub gene, may be a prognostic biomarker for HCC and is related to immunotherapy. Establishing the NCBP2/miR-122-5p axis helps study the mechanism of ceRNA and provides new ideas for finding a new candidate biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaowen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Meiyan Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yingxiong Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510080, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
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16
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Kim SJ, Cummins KC, Tsung A. Immunotherapy as a Complement to Surgical Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1852. [PMID: 38791931 PMCID: PMC11120323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor in adults, and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. While surgical and ablative therapies remain the standard of care in early localized disease, late presentation with advanced stages of disease, impaired hepatic function, or local recurrence following surgical resection preclude operative management as the sole treatment modality in a subgroup of patients. As such, systemic therapies, namely immunotherapy, have become an integral part of the HCC treatment algorithm over the past decade. While agents, such as atezolizumab/bevacizumab, have well-established roles as first-line systemic therapy in intermediate- and advanced-stage HCC, the role of immunotherapy in disease amenable to surgical management continues to evolve. In this review, we will discuss the current evidence and aggregate impact of immunotherapy in the context of HCC amenable to surgical management, including its application in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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17
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Podéus H, Simonsson C, Nasr P, Ekstedt M, Kechagias S, Lundberg P, Lövfors W, Cedersund G. A physiologically-based digital twin for alcohol consumption-predicting real-life drinking responses and long-term plasma PEth. NPJ Digit Med 2024; 7:112. [PMID: 38702474 PMCID: PMC11068902 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-024-01089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide variety of preventable health complications and is a major risk factor for all-cause mortality in the age group 15-47 years. To reduce dangerous drinking behavior, eHealth applications have shown promise. A particularly interesting potential lies in the combination of eHealth apps with mathematical models. However, existing mathematical models do not consider real-life situations, such as combined intake of meals and beverages, and do not connect drinking to clinical markers, such as phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Herein, we present such a model which can simulate real-life situations and connect drinking to long-term markers. The new model can accurately describe both estimation data according to a χ2 -test (187.0 < Tχ2 = 226.4) and independent validation data (70.8 < Tχ2 = 93.5). The model can also be personalized using anthropometric data from a specific individual and can thus be used as a physiologically-based digital twin. This twin is also able to connect short-term consumption of alcohol to the long-term dynamics of PEth levels in the blood, a clinical biomarker of alcohol consumption. Here we illustrate how connecting short-term consumption to long-term markers allows for a new way to determine patient alcohol consumption from measured PEth levels. An additional use case of the twin could include the combined evaluation of patient-reported AUDIT forms and measured PEth levels. Finally, we integrated the new model into an eHealth application, which could help guide individual users or clinicians to help reduce dangerous drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Podéus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (IMT), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christian Simonsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (IMT), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medicine Imaging and Visualization Science (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Patrik Nasr
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- Center for Medicine Imaging and Visualization Science (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Center for Medicine Imaging and Visualization Science (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Physics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - William Lövfors
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (IMT), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences and Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Cedersund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (IMT), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- Center for Medicine Imaging and Visualization Science (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
- School of Medical Sciences and Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Basthi Mohan P, Lochan R, Shetty S. Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Indian J Surg Oncol 2024; 15:261-268. [PMID: 38817995 PMCID: PMC11133295 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer and a major contributor to the socioeconomic burden worldwide. The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is contributed by various etiological factors like virus infection, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to toxins, or metabolic disorders. Majority of patients are diagnosed with late-stage HCC, which restricts its management to only palliative care. HCC, if diagnosed early, increases the survival and quality of life. Currently available biomarker (alpha-fetoproteins) have several limitations, that impede the early diagnosis and staging of cancer. This warrants the continous search in pursuit of a novel biomarker. Several research works in diverse areas have contributed to the identification of various novel biomarkers that have shown multifaceted application in early disease diagnosis, which further aid in targeted and effective therapy that can prevent cancer progression. This improves the overall health status of the patient along with significant reduction in caretaker's burden. With the aid of novel technologies, several biomarkers have been investigated and validated in mutliple preliminary research works. Therefore in this review, we have outlined various novel biomarkers that showed promising outcomes in their trials and we have highlighted the developing areas that act as game changers in cancer diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Basthi Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
| | - Rajiv Lochan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
- Lead Consultant Surgeon - HPB and Liver transplantation Surgery, Manipal Hospital, Bengaluru, 560017 Karnataka India
| | - Shiran Shetty
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka India
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19
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Åberg F, Jiang ZG, Cortez-Pinto H, Männistö V. Alcohol-associated liver disease-Global epidemiology. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00852. [PMID: 38640041 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), as highlighted in this narrative review, is a major public health concern, increasingly impacting global disease burden and premature mortality. In 2019, ALD accounted for the loss of 11 million life-years worldwide. The rising number of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years attributed to ALD, particularly pronounced in the United States, are alarming. Projections suggest that the economic impact of ALD, as seen in the United States, could potentially double by 2040. ALD is increasingly prevalent among younger adults (20-45 y) and has become the leading cause of liver transplantation in both United States and Europe. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the existing trend was further amplified as high-risk drinking patterns coincided with a rise in hospital admissions for alcohol-associated hepatitis and increased ALD-related mortality. The prevalence of ALD is estimated at 3.5% in the general population, 26.0% among hazardous drinkers, and 55.1% among those with alcohol use disorders. Alarmingly, 5-year mortality rates for patients with ALD exceed 50%, with even higher rates in more advanced disease stages. Methodological challenges, such as underreporting, diagnostic difficulties, and variability in registry data quality, complicate the accurate assessment of the impact of ALD. Additionally, the contribution of alcohol to the progression of other liver diseases is often under acknowledged in health care registries, leading to a significant underestimation of its broader implications for liver health. Addressing the growing ALD concern requires robust public health initiatives, heightened awareness, refined diagnostic techniques, and comprehensive epidemiological studies. These measures are vital to tackle the increasing prevalence of ALD and mitigate its extensive impact on individuals and health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Åberg
- Transplantation and Liver Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Z Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Helena Cortez-Pinto
- Clínica Universitária de Gastrenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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20
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Auriol C, Raynal P, Cantisano N. Stigmatization of drinking patients with liver cancer: The role of socioeconomic status. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29105. [PMID: 38623242 PMCID: PMC11016613 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with liver cancer may face stigmatization due to cancer, alcohol consumption, or both. This study addresses gaps in the existing literature regarding stigmatization of alcohol-related liver cancer patients, particularly its connection with socioeconomic status (SES). The study explores whether the SES of a fictional character with alcohol addiction and liver cancer influences stigma levels reported by participants. Additionally, it investigates how participants' personal characteristics, such as alcohol consumption and healthcare professional status, impact stigmatization. This study aims to provide new insights regarding the role of stigmatization in liver cancer treatment and management, emphasizing in socioeconomic determinants. The method is based on three scenarios describing a woman character with alcohol abuse and liver cancer. The scenarios depicted a woman character with either low, medium or high SES. Each participant (N = 991) was randomly assigned to one of the three scenarios. After reading it, each participant answered questionnaires assessing negative attitudes towards the character. Four scales were used: "Negative attributions about people with health problems", "Causality of cancer", "Controllability of drinking" and "Reluctance to helping behavior". Data were analyzed using ANOVA and t-tests. The scenario describing a character with a low SES significantly received more "Negative attributions about people with health problems" than the character with medium or high SES. Participants having higher alcohol consumption themselves showed lower stigma scores for three out of four scales than participants with lower consumption. In addition, participants identified as health professionals had lower stigma scores regarding the scales "Negative attributions about people with health problems" and "Controllability of drinking", and higher scores for the subscale "Reluctance to helping behavior", compared with non-professionals. A character with low SES received more negative attributions than the one with higher SES. Participants' own alcohol consumption and professional status (being health professional or not), influenced their stigmatizing attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Auriol
- Laboratoire CERPPS, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Raynal
- Laboratoire CERPPS, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Cantisano
- Laboratoire CERPPS, Université de Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058, Toulouse, France
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21
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Fu Y, Maccioni L, Wang XW, Greten TF, Gao B. Alcohol-associated liver cancer. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00837. [PMID: 38607725 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Heavy alcohol intake induces a wide spectrum of liver diseases ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and HCC. Although alcohol consumption is a well-known risk factor for the development, morbidity, and mortality of HCC globally, alcohol-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (A-HCC) is poorly characterized compared to viral hepatitis-associated HCC. Most A-HCCs develop after alcohol-associated cirrhosis (AC), but the direct carcinogenesis from ethanol and its metabolites to A-HCC remains obscure. The differences between A-HCC and HCCs caused by other etiologies have not been well investigated in terms of clinical prognosis, genetic or epigenetic landscape, molecular mechanisms, and heterogeneity. Moreover, there is a huge gap between basic research and clinical practice due to the lack of preclinical models of A-HCC. In the current review, we discuss the pathogenesis, heterogeneity, preclinical approaches, epigenetic, and genetic profiles of A-HCC, and discuss the current insights into and the prospects for future research on A-HCC. The potential effect of alcohol on cholangiocarcinoma and liver metastasis is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojie Fu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Maccioni
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Liver Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim F Greten
- Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Gastrointestinal Malignancies Section, Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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22
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Stauffer WT, Bobardt M, Ure DR, Foster RT, Gallay P. Cyclophilin D knockout significantly prevents HCC development in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of diabetes-linked NASH. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301711. [PMID: 38573968 PMCID: PMC10994289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A family of Peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases), called Cyclophilins, localize to numerous intracellular and extracellular locations where they contribute to a variety of essential functions. We previously reported that non-immunosuppressive pan-cyclophilin inhibitor drugs like reconfilstat (CRV431) or NV556 decreased multiple aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice under two different non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse models. Both CRV431 and NV556 inhibit several cyclophilin isoforms, among which cyclophilin D (CypD) has not been previously investigated in this context. It is unknown whether it is necessary to simultaneously inhibit multiple cyclophilin family members to achieve therapeutic benefits or if loss-of-function of one is sufficient. Furthermore, narrowing down the isoform most responsible for a particular aspect of NAFLD/NASH, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), would allow for more precise future therapies. Features of human diabetes-linked NAFLD/NASH can be reliably replicated in mice by administering a single high dose of streptozotocin to disrupt pancreatic beta cells, in conjunction with a high sugar, high fat, high cholesterol western diet over the course of 30 weeks. Here we show that while both wild-type (WT) and Ppif-/- CypD KO mice develop multipe severe NASH disease features under this model, the formation of HCC nodules was significantly blunted only in the CypD KO mice. Furthermore, of differentially expressed transcripts in a qPCR panel of select HCC-related genes, nearly all were downregulated in the CypD KO background. Cyclophilin inhibition is a promising and novel avenue of treatment for diet-induced NAFLD/NASH. This study highlights the impact of CypD loss-of-function on the development of HCC, one of the most severe disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winston T. Stauffer
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bobardt
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daren R. Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Foster
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals, Edison, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Philippe Gallay
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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23
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Liu F, Peng Y, Qian H, Xiao MC, Ding CH, Zhang X, Xie WF. Abrogating K458 acetylation enhances hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α)-induced differentiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Dig Dis 2024; 25:255-265. [PMID: 38837552 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to assess the impact of acetylation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) on lysine 458 on the differentiation therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, Dil-acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) uptake, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity analysis were performed to assess the differentiation of HCC cells. HNF4α protein was detected by western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effects of HNF4α-K458 acetylation on HCC malignancy were evaluated in HCC cell lines, a Huh-7 xenograft mouse model, and an orthotopic model. The differential expression genes in Huh-7 xenograft tumors were screened by RNA-sequencing analysis. RESULTS K458R significantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of HNF4α on the malignancy of HCC cells, whereas K458Q reduced the inhibitory effects of HNF4α. Moreover, K458R promoted, while K458Q decreased, HNF4α-induced HCC cell differentiation. K458R stabilized HNF4α, while K458Q accelerated the degradation of HNF4α via the ubiquitin proteasome system. K458R also enhanced the ability of HNF4α to inhibit cell growth of HCC in the Huh-7 xenograft mouse model and the orthotopic model. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that inhibiting K458 acetylation enhanced the transcriptional activity of HNF4α without altering the transcriptome induced by HNF4α in HCC. CONCLUSION Our data revealed that inhibiting K458 acetylation of HNF4α might provide a more promising candidate for differential therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Chao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Hong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Kondili LA, Lazarus JV, Jepsen P, Murray F, Schattenberg JM, Korenjak M, Craxì L, Buti M. Inequities in primary liver cancer in Europe: The state of play. J Hepatol 2024; 80:645-660. [PMID: 38237866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Given the increasing burden of liver cancer in Europe, it is crucial to investigate how social determinants of health (SDoH) affect liver cancer risk factors and access to care in order to improve health outcomes equitably. This paper summarises the available evidence on the differential distribution of liver cancer risk factors, incidence, and health outcomes in the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom from an SDoH perspective. Vulnerable and marginalised populations have low socio-economic and educational levels and are the most affected by liver cancer risk factors. Reasons for this include varied access to hepatitis B virus vaccination and limited access to viral hepatitis B and C screening, harm reduction, and treatment. Additionally, alcohol-related liver disease remains highly prevalent among individuals with low education, insecure employment, economic instability, migrants, and deprived populations. Moreover, significant variation exists across Europe in the proportion of adults with steatotic liver disease, overweight/obesity, and diabetes, based on geographical area, gender, socio-economic and educational background, and density of ultra-processed food outlets. Inequities in cirrhosis mortality rates have been reported, with the highest death rates among individuals living in socio-economically disadvantaged areas and those with lower educational levels. Furthermore, insufficient healthcare access for key populations with primary liver cancer is influenced by complex healthcare systems, stigmatisation, discrimination, low education, language barriers, and fear of disclosure. These challenges contribute to inequities in liver cancer care pathways. Future studies are needed to explore the different SDoH-interlinked effects on liver cancer incidence and outcomes in European countries. The ultimate goal is to develop evidence-based multilevel public health interventions that reduce the SDoH impact in precipitating and perpetuating the disproportionate burden of liver cancer in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreta A Kondili
- National Centre for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy, UniCamillus International Medical University, Rome, Italy
| | - Jeffrey V Lazarus
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), New York, NY, USA; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Jepsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frank Murray
- Beaumont Private Clinic, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg and Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Lucia Craxì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Buti
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Yang X, Wang S, Sun C, Xia Y. Causal effect of porphyria biomarkers on alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma through Mendelian Randomization. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299536. [PMID: 38507434 PMCID: PMC10954128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE According to some cohort studies, an association exists between acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) and liver cancer. However, establishing a definitive causal relationship between porphyria and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging. Prexisting studies regarding porphyria biomarkers and alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma (AR-HCC) make possible an entry point. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal relationships between biomarkers of two types of porphyria, AIP and congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), and AR-HCC. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) and uroporphyrinogen-III synthase (UROS), along with outcome data on AR-HCC, were extracted from public genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The GWAS data were then used to explore the potential causal relationships via a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The effect estimates were calculated using the random-effect inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method. Additionally, the Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger test, and leave-one-out analysis were conducted to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the MR results. RESULTS Using the IVW method as the primary causal effects model in the MR analyses, we found that both PBGD (effect estimate = 1.51; 95% CI, from 1.08 to 2.11, p = 0.016) and UROS (effect estimate = 1.53; 95% CI, from 1.08 to 2.18, p = 0.018) have a significant causal effect on AR-HCC. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed a causal effect of both PBGD and UROS on AR-HCC, suggesting that both AIP and CEP have a causal association with AR-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuomin Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunhong Xia
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
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26
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Ricker AB, Baker EH, Strand MS, Kalabin A, Butano V, Wells A, Phillips M, Wang H, McKillop I, Iannitti G, Casingal J, Martinie JB, Vrochides D, Iannitti DA. Surgical microwave ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in 791 operations. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:379-388. [PMID: 38102029 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality and often arises in the setting of cirrhosis. The present series reviews outcomes following 791 operations. METHODS Retrospective review surgical MWA for HCC from March 2007 through December 2022 at a high-volume institution was performed using a prospective database. Primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS A total of 791 operations in 623 patients and 1156 HCC tumors were treated with surgical MWA. Median tumor size was 2 cm (range 0.25-10 cm) with an average of 1 tumor ablated per operation (range 1-7 tumors). Nearly 90 % of patients had cirrhosis with a median MELD score of 8 (IQR = 6-11). Mortality within 30 days occurred in 13 patients (1.6 %). Per tumor, the rate of incomplete ablation was 2.25 % and local recurrence was 2.95 %. Previous ablation and tumor size were risk factors for recurrence. One-year overall survival was 82.0 % with a median overall survival of 36.5 months (95 % CI 15.7-93.7) and median disease-free survival of 15.9 months (range 5.7-37.3 months). CONCLUSION Surgical MWA offers a low-morbidity approach for treatment of HCC, affording low rates of incomplete ablation and local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansley B Ricker
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Erin H Baker
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Matthew S Strand
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Aleksandr Kalabin
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Vincent Butano
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Wells
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Michael Phillips
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Huaping Wang
- Carolinas Center for Surgical Outcomes Science, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Iain McKillop
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Giuliana Iannitti
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Joel Casingal
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - John B Martinie
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Dionisios Vrochides
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - David A Iannitti
- Division of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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Chen Y, Tan X, Zhang W, Li Y, Deng X, Zeng J, Huang L, Ma X. Natural products targeting macroautophagy signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: Recent evidence and perspectives. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1623-1650. [PMID: 38302697 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), presently the second leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, continues to pose significant challenges in the realm of medical oncology, impacting both clinical drug selection and mechanistic research. Recent investigations have unveiled autophagy-related signaling as a promising avenue for HCC treatment. A growing body of research has highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy-modulating natural products in inhibiting HCC progression. In this context, we provide a concise overview of the fundamental autophagy mechanism and delineate the involvement of autophagic signaling pathways in HCC development. Additionally, we review pertinent studies demonstrating how natural products regulate autophagy to mitigate HCC. Our findings indicate that natural products exhibit cytotoxic effects through the induction of excessive autophagy, simultaneously impeding HCC cell proliferation by autophagy inhibition, thereby depriving HCC cells of essential energy. These effects have been associated with various signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Beclin-1, and ferroautophagy. These results underscore the considerable therapeutic potential of natural products in HCC treatment. However, it is important to note that the present study did not establish definitive thresholds for autophagy induction or inhibition by natural products. Further research in this domain is imperative to gain comprehensive insights into the dual role of autophagy, equipping us with a better understanding of this double-edged sword in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyue Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Li M, Sun J, Wang Y, Ma J, Hao X, Liu Y, Zhou C, Zhou H. Construction of a hepatocellular carcinoma high-risk population rating scale and independent predictors' assessment. Am J Med Sci 2024; 367:181-189. [PMID: 37989441 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing mortality and incidence, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a major public health problem. The early diagnosis of HCC can improve its prognosis. The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors related to HCC development and to establish a high-risk population rating scale. METHODS A total of 853 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were enrolled in this study, including 403 patients with HCC as the case group and others as the control group. Their demographic and clinical characteristics were compared and the independent risk factors for HCC were assessed. Then, the optimal cutoff levels of these factors were analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) method. A high-risk population rating scale was constructed based on the factors and then evaluated in the modeling population. RESULTS The factors that presented statistically significant differences between the two groups included age, smoking, alcohol abuse, body mass index, triglyceride, high‒density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, fasting plasma glucose, creatinine and uric acid. The ROC curve showed that the cutoff score for the HCC high risk population was 5 (AUC=0.74, P<0.001) and the Hosmer‒Lemeshow analysis showed that the fitting effect of this rating scale was good (P = 0.294). CONCLUSIONS The integration of these factors can contribute to a prognostic score for the risk of HCC development, which offered certain clinical practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Li
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Aging Mechanism Research and Transformation, Center for Healthy Aging, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital/First Clinical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Xiaotian Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Zhou
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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Schiavoni G, Messina B, Scalera S, Memeo L, Colarossi C, Mare M, Blandino G, Ciliberto G, Bon G, Maugeri-Saccà M. Role of Hippo pathway dysregulation from gastrointestinal premalignant lesions to cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:213. [PMID: 38424512 PMCID: PMC10903154 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First identified in Drosophila melanogaster, the Hippo pathway is considered a major regulatory cascade controlling tissue homeostasis and organ development. Hippo signaling components include kinases whose activity regulates YAP and TAZ final effectors. In response to upstream stimuli, YAP and TAZ control transcriptional programs involved in cell proliferation, cytoskeletal reorganization and stemness. MAIN TEXT While fine tuning of Hippo cascade components is essential for maintaining the balance between proliferative and non-proliferative signals, pathway signaling is frequently dysregulated in gastrointestinal cancers. Also, YAP/TAZ aberrant activation has been described in conditions characterized by chronic inflammation that precede cancer development, suggesting a role of Hippo effectors in triggering carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the architecture of the Hippo pathway and discuss the involvement of signaling cascade unbalances in premalignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, providing a focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The biology of premalignant Hippo signaling dysregulation needs further investigation in order to elucidate the evolutionary trajectories triggering cancer inititation and develop effective early therapeutic strategies targeting the Hippo/YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Schiavoni
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Messina
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Scalera
- SAFU Laboratory, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Pathology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Mare
- Medical Oncology Unit, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, Viagrande, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Translational Oncology Research Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Bon
- Cellular Network and Molecular Therapeutic Target Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maugeri-Saccà
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Division of Medical Oncology 2, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Zhang N, Zhu Y, Zhang X, Yang K, Yang X, An M, Tian C, Li J. Based on network pharmacology and experiments to explore the underlying mechanism of Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière for treating alcoholic hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116919. [PMID: 37453621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carrière (M. bealei) is a traditional medicine widely used by the Hmong community in Guizhou. It possesses diverse biological activities and shows promise in cancer treatment; however, contemporary pharmacological research in this area is lacking. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of M. bealei on alcoholic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We initially employed the LC-MS/MS method to identify the compounds present in M. bealei serum. Subsequently, its potential targets were predicted using public databases. Bioinformatics and network pharmacology approaches, such as univariate Cox regression and random forest (RF) algorithms, were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the prognosis of alcoholic HCC. Survival curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were conducted using alcoholic HCC-related data from TCGA and GEO to determine the diagnostic value of the identified DEGs. Molecular docking using the CDOCKER approach based on CHARMm was performed to validate the affinity between the predictive compounds and targets. Additionally, we evaluated the impact of M. bealei on cell proliferation, migration, and conducted western blot assays. RESULTS The LC-MS/MS approach identified 17 therapeutic components and predicted 483 component-related targets, of which 63 overlapped with alcoholic HCC targets and were considered potential therapeutic targets. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant associations between the 63 overlapping targets and alcoholic HCC progression. Through various approaches in the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software, we confirmed 9 hub genes (CDK1, CXCR4, DNMT1, ESR1, KIT, PDGFRB, SERPINE1, TOP2A, and TYMS) as core targets. TOP2A and CDK1 genes were identified as advantageous for diagnosing alcoholic HCC using univariate Cox regression, RF, survival curve, and ROC analysis. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated strong binding affinity between key bioactive components cyclamic acid, perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid, perfluorosulfonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, adenosine receptor antagonist (CGS 15943), and Prodigiosin and TOP2A and CDK1. In vitro experiments confirmed that M. bealei significantly suppressed cell proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, while downregulating TOP2A and CDK1 expression. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of M. bealei as a natural medicine for the treatment of alcoholic HCC. Six compounds (cyclamic acid, perfluoroalkylic carboxylic acids, perfluorosulfonic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, adenosine receptor antagonist (CGS 15943), and Prodigiosin) present in M. bealei serum may exhibit therapeutic effects against alcoholic HCC by downregulating CDK1 and TOP2A expression levels in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Kaiping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xia Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mingyu An
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Song XQ, Li RJ, Zhang S. Prediction of prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma based on immune-related score. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:310-319. [PMID: 37673742 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.08.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-related scores are currently used for prognostic evaluation and as an immunotherapy reference in various cancers. However, the relationship between immune-related score and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to explore the clinical application value of immune-related score for predicting HCC prognosis-related indicators including disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and to construct a clinical nomogram prediction model related to verification. METHODS This study included 284 HCC patients who were selected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and linked to the immune-related score downloaded from the public platform. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio, and a nomogram was constructed based on multivariate analysis results and clinical significance. The model was internally verified by bootstrap. The performance of the prediction model was evaluated using the C-index and calibration curves. RESULTS Patients were divided into three subgroups according to the immune-related score level. Compared with patients in the low immune-related score group, the DFS of patients in the medium and high immune-related score groups was significantly prolonged (HR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.32-0.87; HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.63, respectively). The OS of patients in the medium and high immune-related score groups was also significantly prolonged (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.95, p = 0.038; HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.58, p < 0.001, respectively). The C-indexes for predicting DFS and OS were 0.687 (95% CI: 0.665-0.700) and 0.743 (95% CI: 0.709-0.776), respectively. The calibration curves of 3-year and 5-year DFS and OS showed that the results predicted by the nomogram were in good agreement with the actual observations. CONCLUSIONS Moderate/high-grade immune-related score was significantly associated with better DFS and OS in HCC patients. In addition, a nomogram for prognosis estimation can help clinicians predict the survival status of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Qing Song
- General Surgery Department, Baoan Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shen Zhen University, Xixiang Street, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Rong-Jiang Li
- General Surgery Department, Baoan Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shen Zhen University, Xixiang Street, Bao 'an District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530000, PR China.
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Sukowati CH, El-Khobar K, Jasirwan COM, Kurniawan J, Gani RA. Stemness markers in hepatocellular carcinoma of Eastern vs. Western population: Etiology matters? Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101153. [PMID: 37734662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2023.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a high mortality rate. HCC development is associated with its underlying etiologies, mostly caused by infection of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and exposure to aflatoxins. These variables, together with human genetic susceptibility, contribute to HCC molecular heterogeneity, including at the cellular level. HCC initiation, tumor recurrence, and drug resistance rates have been attributed to the presence of liver cancer stem cells (CSC). This review summarizes available data regarding whether various HCC etiologies may be associated to the appearance of CSC biomarkers. It also described the genetic variations of tumoral tissues obtained from Western and Eastern populations, in particular to the oncogenic effect of HBV in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilia Hc Sukowati
- Liver Cancer Unit, Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, AREA Science Park campus Basovizza, SS14 km 163.5, Trieste 34149, Italy; Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), B.J. Habibie Building, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia.
| | - Korri El-Khobar
- Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), B.J. Habibie Building, Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Chyntia Olivia Maurine Jasirwan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Juferdy Kurniawan
- Hepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Rino Alvani Gani
- Hepatobiliary Division, Medical Staff Group of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia - Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jl. Pangeran Diponegoro No.71, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
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Jophlin LL, Singal AK, Bataller R, Wong RJ, Sauer BG, Terrault NA, Shah VH. ACG Clinical Guideline: Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:30-54. [PMID: 38174913 PMCID: PMC11040545 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is the most common cause of advanced hepatic disease and frequent indication for liver transplantation worldwide. With harmful alcohol use as the primary risk factor, increasing alcohol use over the past decade has resulted in rapid growth of the ALD-related healthcare burden. The spectrum of ALD ranges from early asymptomatic liver injury to advanced disease with decompensation and portal hypertension. Compared with those with other etiologies of liver disease, patients with ALD progress faster and more often present at an advanced stage. A unique phenotype of advanced disease is alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) presenting with rapid onset or worsening of jaundice, and acute on chronic liver failure in severe forms conveying a 1-month mortality risk of 20%-50%. The model for end stage disease score is the most accurate score to stratify AH severity (>20 defined as severe disease). Corticosteroids are currently the only available therapeutic with proven efficacy for patients with severe AH, providing survival benefit at 1 month in 50%-60% of patients. Abstinence of alcohol use, a crucial determinant of long-term outcomes, is challenging to achieve in ALD patients with concurrent alcohol use disorder (AUD). As patients with ALD are rarely treated for AUD, strategies are needed to overcome barriers to AUD treatment in patients with ALD and to promote a multidisciplinary integrated care model with hepatology, addiction medicine providers, and social workers to comprehensively manage the dual pathologies of liver disease and of AUD. Liver transplantation, a definitive treatment option in patients with advanced cirrhosis, should be considered in selected patients with AH, who are unresponsive to medical therapy and have a low risk of relapse to posttransplant alcohol use. Level of evidence and strength of recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations system. This guideline was developed under the American College of Gastroenterology Practice Parameters Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta L. Jophlin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville Health, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ashwani K. Singal
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Liver Unit, Department of Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert J. Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Bryan G. Sauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Norah A. Terrault
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Lei L, Yang J, Peng H, Huang R, Liang L, Liu R, Li J. The Prognostic Significance of the TEAD4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:6005-6013. [PMID: 38144438 PMCID: PMC10748864 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s440973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormal expression of genes causes tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, the aims of this study were to explore the transcription enhancer domain factor 4 (TEAD4) in patients with liver cancer and its relationship with prognosis. Methods HTSeq-FPKM data and corresponding clinical data of HCC patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Difference in TEAD4 expression between normal and tumor and the correlation with clinical characteristics were analyzed by the chi-squared test based on UALCAN. HepG2 cell lines were used to study the effect of TEAD4 on HCC cell lines. The expression and clinical significance of TEAD4 in HCC were detected in clinical cases. Results The transcription and post-transcription levels of TEAD4 were higher in HCC tumors than normal illustrated different expressed transcription of TEAD4 in gender, nodal metastasis status, tumor grades, and individual cancer stages. The high TEAD4 expression was significantly associated with tumor grades. The high expression of TEAD4 was significantly correlated to shorter 2-5 years overall survival. Inhibition of TEAD4 expression in HepG2 cells resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusion TEAD4 was identified as an independent prognostic factor, and inhibition of TEAD4 expression in HepG2 cells resulted in significantly decreased cell proliferation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Lei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lichun Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangfa Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, People’s Republic of China
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Aasarey R, Yadav K, Kashyap BK, Prabha S, Kumar P, Kumar A, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK. Role of Immunological Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Disease and Associated Pathways. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1801-1816. [PMID: 38093838 PMCID: PMC10714437 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the predominant causes of cancer-related mortality across the globe. It is attributed to obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and infection by the hepatitis virus. Early diagnosis of HCC is essential, and local treatments such as surgical excision and percutaneous ablation are effective. Palliative systemic therapy, primarily with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib, is used in advanced cases. However, the prognosis for advanced HCC remains poor. This Review additionally describes the pathophysiological mechanisms of HCC, which include aberrant molecular signaling, genomic instability, persistent inflammation, and the paradoxical position of the immune system in promoting and suppressing HCC. The paper concludes by discussing the growing body of research on the relationship between mitochondria and HCC, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the progression of HCC. This Review focuses on immunological interactions between different mechanisms of HCC progression, including obesity, viral infection, and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Aasarey
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute
of Medical Science, New Delhi-11029, India
| | - Kajal Yadav
- Department
of Biotechnology, All India Institute of
Medical Science, New Delhi-11029, India
| | - Brijendra Kumar Kashyap
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284128, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarit Prabha
- Department
of Biological Science and Engineering, Maulana
Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal-462003, Madhya Pradesh,India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Indian
Council of Medical Research, National Institute
of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), l-7, Sector-39, Noida-201301, National Capital Region, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department
of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Cheri-Manatu, Karmre, Kanke-835222, Ranchi, India
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Research
and Development Cell, Lovely Professional
University, Phagwara-144411, Punjab, India
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Carr BI, Rui F, Ince V, Yilmaz S, Zhao X, Feng Y, Li J. Comparison of patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Data from two hospitals from Turkey and China. PORTAL HYPERTENSION & CIRRHOSIS 2023; 2:165-170. [PMID: 38179146 PMCID: PMC10766430 DOI: 10.1002/poh2.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Aims There are many studies on the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but very little is known about the HCC features in different populations. The study aimed to compare characteristics in two cohorts of patients with HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma, from Turkey and China. Methods Data on patients with HBV-associated HCC diagnosed by imaging or liver biopsy were retrospectively collected from Shandong Provincial Hospital (n = 578) and Inonu University Hospital (n = 359) between January 2002 and December 2020, and the liver function and HCC characteristics were compared. Continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test and categorical variables were compared using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Results The patients in the Turkish cohort had significantly worse Child-Pugh scores (Child-Pugh A: 38.3% vs. 87.9%; Child-Pugh B: 40.3% vs. 11.1%; Child-Pugh A: 24.1% vs. 1.0%; p < 0.001) and significantly higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase (66.5 vs. 36.0; p < 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (47.5 vs. 33.0; p < 0.001), total bilirubin (20.8 vs. 17.9; p < 0.001), and lower albumin levels (32.0 vs. 40.0; p < 0.001) than patients in Chinese cohort. The tumor characteristics showed the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) score (BCLC 1: 5.1% vs. 71.8%; BCLC 2: 48.7% vs. 24.4%; BCLC 3: 24.4% vs. 3.8%; BCLC 4: 21.8% vs. 0; all p < 0.001), maximum tumor diameter (5.0 vs. 3.5; p < 0.001), alpha-fetoprotein values (27.7 vs. 13.2; p < 0.001), and percentage of patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (33% vs. 6.1%; p < 0.001) were all significantly worse in the Turkish cohort compared with Chinese cohort. Conclusions HBV-associated HCC from the Turkish cohort had worse liver function and more aggressive clinical characteristics than patients from the Chinese cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian I. Carr
- Liver Transplantation Institute, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fajuan Rui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Volkan Ince
- Liver Transplantation Institute, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sezai Yilmaz
- Liver Transplantation Institute, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Xinya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuemin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Qin X, Zhou L, Shen Y, Gu Y, Tang J, Qian J, Cui A, Chen M. CircularRNA Hsa_circ_0093335 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via sponging miR-338-5p. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:4080-4092. [PMID: 37837352 PMCID: PMC10746945 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs play an important role in the development of various malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the role of Hsa_circ_0093335 (circ0093335) in HCC has not yet been explored. To investigate the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of circ0093335 on HCC. Circ0093335 expression was detected in HCC cells and clinical specimens using qRT-PCR. The association between circ0093335 expression and HCC patients' clinical characteristics was determined using SPSS. The role of circ0093335 in HCC was estimated by overexpression and knockdown experiments in vitro and in vivo. qRT-PCR, nucleoplasma separation assay, FISH assay, RIP, dual luciferase reporter assay and rescue assay were used to validate the regulatory effect of circ0093335 on miR-338-5p. The study findings showed that circ0093335 was upregulated in HCC. High circ0093335 expression was linked with the tumour-node-metastasis stage and microvascular tumour invasion. circ0093335 is greatly involved in HCC cell proliferation, aggressive ability and mouse tumour growth, according to many in vitro and in vivo tests. Mechanistically, circ0093335 downregulated miR-338-5p expression by sponging, consequently promoting HCC progression. Our research indicated that circ0093335 might be a target for HCC therapy since it promotes tumour progression by acting as a miR-338-5p 'sponge'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Qin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lingyu Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yaojie Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuwei Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuashan HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Junwei Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - An Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Donati A, Henrion J, Regnier M, Deltenre P, Marot A. Abstinence is associated with better outcomes in patients with alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of an observational study. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2023; 47:102225. [PMID: 37838325 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2023.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may have reduced survival compared to those with HCC related to other causes. The impact of abstinence in alcohol-related HCC is unknown. We compared access to curative treatment and the prognosis of patients with HCC according to the cause of cirrhosis and evaluated the impact of abstinence on the prognosis of patients with alcohol-related HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data for patients with cirrhosis and HCC were prospectively collected in a single center. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with access to curative treatment. Multivariate Fine and Gray proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with 5-year survival after adjustment for lead-time bias. RESULTS Two hundred patients were included, 114 (57 %) with non-alcohol-related HCC and 86 (43 %) with alcohol-related HCC (35 abstainers, 51 consumers). During follow-up, 21 patients were transplanted and 156 died. The proportion of patients who had access to curative treatment was 65 % in abstainers, 44 % in consumers, and 57 % in patients with non-alcohol-related cirrhosis (p = 0.06). In multivariate analyses, abstinence was not associated with better access to curative treatment. After adjustment for lead-time bias, the 5-year cumulative incidence of overall death was significantly lower in abstainers than in consumers and in patients with non-alcohol-related cirrhosis (52 % vs. 78 % vs. 81 %, respectively, p = 0.04). In multivariate analyses, abstainers had lower risk of death than consumers (SHR: 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.28-0.80, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Abstinence improves the outcome of patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis once HCC has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Donati
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHU UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue G. Therasse, 1, Yvoir 5530, Belgium
| | - Jean Henrion
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hôpital de Jolimont, Haine-Saint-Paul, Belgium
| | - Maxime Regnier
- Scientific Support Unit (USS), CHU UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Pierre Deltenre
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHU UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue G. Therasse, 1, Yvoir 5530, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinique St Luc, Bouge, Belgium
| | - Astrid Marot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CHU UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue G. Therasse, 1, Yvoir 5530, Belgium.
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Balbinot P, Bottaro CL, Gandolfo N, Pellicano R, Testino G. Alcohol use disorder identification test renamed Glu-Glu Test in an area of north-west of Italy: preliminary descriptive results. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2023; 69:517-522. [PMID: 35904474 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first two causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are alcoholic and dysmetabolic. In the early stages alcohol related liver disease (ALD) is silent. For this reason, more efforts should be made to identify early individuals with hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption (AC). Alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) is a validated test. METHODS ASL3 (Ligurian Local Health Company 3) has included the AUDIT renamed Glu-Glu Test on its institutional website dedicated to citizens. The renaming was carried out to bring citizens closer to the test with greater ease, especially younger citizens. At the end of the compilation of the test, the calculator provides the citizen with his score: in relation to his possible risk band, provides him with the appropriate advice. In case of a score higher than 7, ultrasonography and elastography (2D-SWE) are proposed. RESULTS From December 15, 2021, to July 15, 2022, 270 asymptomatic subjects requested a medical examination autonomously, without the indication of a health worker. In 167 patients the score found hazardous AC, in 65 harmful AC and in 38 alcohol addiction. In case of hazardous AC, fibrosis grade 1-2 was evidenced in 16.7%, fibrosis grade 3 in 4.8% and fibrosis grade 4 in 3.6% of subjects. In case of harmful AC fibrosis grade 1-2 was evidenced in 37%, grade 3 in 9%, grade 4 in 6%. In this group an HCC nodule was diagnosed. In case of alcohol addiction, fibrosis grade 1-2 was evidenced in 73.6%, grade 3 in 10.5% and grade 4 in 10.5%. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary experience clearly tells us that it is possible to make an early diagnosis of fibrosis and HCC starting from the AC reported autonomously by citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Balbinot
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Center, ASL3 Liguria, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Mutual-Self-Help, Community Programs and Caregiver Training Center, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gianni Testino
- Unit of Addiction and Hepatology, Alcohological Regional Center, ASL3 Liguria, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Genoa, Italy
- Mutual-Self-Help, Community Programs and Caregiver Training Center, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
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Jouve M, Carpentier R, Kraiem S, Legrand N, Sobolewski C. MiRNAs in Alcohol-Related Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Step toward New Therapeutic Approaches? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5557. [PMID: 38067261 PMCID: PMC10705678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related Liver Disease (ALD) is the primary cause of chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in developed countries and thus represents a major public health concern. Unfortunately, few therapeutic options are available for ALD and HCC, except liver transplantation or tumor resection for HCC. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of these diseases is therefore of major importance to identify early biomarkers and to design efficient therapeutic options. Increasing evidence indicate that epigenetic alterations play a central role in the development of ALD and HCC. Among them, microRNA importantly contribute to the development of this disease by controlling the expression of several genes involved in hepatic metabolism, inflammation, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis at the post-transcriptional level. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about miRNAs' functions in the different stages of ALD and their role in the progression toward carcinogenesis. We highlight that each stage of ALD is associated with deregulated miRNAs involved in hepatic carcinogenesis, and thus represent HCC-priming miRNAs. By using in silico approaches, we have uncovered new miRNAs potentially involved in HCC. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Jouve
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Rodolphe Carpentier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sarra Kraiem
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Noémie Legrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
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Lee KI, Liang PC, Hsu PY, Jang TY, Wei YJ, Huang CI, Hsieh MY, Lin ZY, Yeh ML, Huang CF, Huang JF, Dai CY, Chuang WL, Yu ML. Unawareness of hepatitis B infection and lack of surveillance are associated with severity of hepatocellular carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:1145-1154. [PMID: 37658712 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Unawareness of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and lack of surveillance may serve as major barriers to HBV control and contributors to severe hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at presentation. This study evaluated the risk of HBV unawareness and its relationship with HCC severity. This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Taiwan. Patients with HBV-related HCC diagnosed from 2011 to 2021 were enrolled. The demographic, clinical, and HCC characteristics were collected and compared between patients with HBV unawareness and awareness with and without surveillance. Of 501 HBV-related HCC patients enrolled, 105 (21%) patients were unaware of HBV infection at the time of HCC diagnosis. Patients with HBV unawareness were significantly younger and had poorer liver function than those with HBV awareness. Patients with HBV unawareness also had a significantly higher rate of detectable HBV DNA and an advanced stage of HCC. Ninety-one (23%) of the HBV-aware patients did not receive regular surveillance. Patients with HBV unawareness and awareness without surveillance shared similar clinical characteristics with more severe HCC status. Further regression analysis demonstrated that HBV awareness with periodic surveillance was associated with early stage HCC. Meanwhile, we observed that there was no change in the proportion of HBV awareness over the past 10 years. Patients with surveillance also had better HCC survival than patients without surveillance or unawareness. HBV unawareness and lack of regular surveillance correlated with advanced HCC at presentation. Efforts to improve HBV education, disease awareness, and HCC surveillance are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Liang
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yau Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tyng-Yuan Jang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Wei
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bartel M, Hofmann V, Wang S, Mueller J, Sundermann TR, Mueller S. Confounders of Serum Phosphatidylethanol: Role of Red Blood Cell Turnover and Cirrhosis. Hepat Med 2023; 15:195-208. [PMID: 37933245 PMCID: PMC10625785 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s420732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) are considered specific direct biomarkers for detecting alcohol consumption. However, PEth, which is produced in red blood cells (RBC), varies considerably between patients for unknown reasons. We here studied various confounders of PEth elimination including fibrosis after alcohol withdrawal. Patients and Methods EtG, EtS and PEth together with routine laboratory and clinical parameters were studied in 100 Caucasian heavy drinkers prior and after alcohol detoxification. In addition, fibrosis stage and degree of steatosis were assessed by transient elastography (Fibroscan, Echosens, Paris). Results All three biomarkers were highly correlated (0.61-0.72) with initial serum alcohol levels, but only PEth correlated with daily alcohol consumption. After alcohol withdrawal, PEth significantly decreased within 6.1 days from 1708 to 810 ng/mL (half-life varied from 1.6 to 15.2 days). Both levels of serum alcohol but also EtG and EtS were higher in patients with liver cirrhosis as compared to patients without fibrosis despite comparable alcohol consumption suggesting a decreased alcohol elimination in patients with cirrhosis. PEth was also elevated in cirrhosis but not significantly. In contrast, PEth elimination rate was significantly higher in patients with enhanced RBC turnover and signs of alcohol-mediated hemolytic anemia with elevated ferritin, LDH and increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Conclusion We here demonstrate that alcohol elimination is decreased in patients with liver cirrhosis. In patients with cirrhosis, PEth levels are both affected in opposite directions by enhanced red blood cell turnover and elevated alcohol levels. Our data have important implications for the use and interpretation of PEth in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bartel
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Hofmann
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shijin Wang
- Center for Alcohol Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Johannes Mueller
- Center for Alcohol Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tom R Sundermann
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mueller
- Center for Alcohol Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Choi JY, Choi SH, Byun JH, Lee SJ, Kim SY, Won HJ, Shin YM. Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018 for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic liver cirrhosis and virus-related cirrhosis. Eur J Radiol 2023; 168:111139. [PMID: 37856941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.111139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) v2018 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤ 3.0 cm on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI according to the etiology of cirrhosis. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC) and 37 with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis (HCV) who underwent preoperative MRI and subsequent surgical resection or transplantation were included. For comparison groups, patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis (HBV) were included by 1:1 matching with HCV and ALC groups according to age, lesion size, and Child-Pugh classification. The imaging characteristics of background liver and focal lesions were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of LI-RADS was compared between HCV and HBV groups, and between ALC and HBV groups. RESULTS ALC group showed significantly higher frequency of hepatic steatosis (25.8 % vs. 6.1 %, p =.04) and lower frequency of nonperipheral washout on portal venous-phase in HCC (63.2 % vs. 97.1 %, p <.001) compared with HBV group. ALC group showed significantly lower sensitivity than HBV group (52.6 % vs. 88.6 %, p<.001). No significant differences in diagnostic performance were found between HCV and HBV groups. In ALC group, hepatobiliary-phase hypointensity provided significantly higher sensitivity (76.3 % vs. 52.6 %, p =.008). CONCLUSION The sensitivity of LI-RADS for diagnosing HCC ≤ 3.0 cm was significantly lower in the ALC group than in the HBV group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Byun
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Jung Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Won
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Moon Shin
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Diaz LA, Winder GS, Leggio L, Bajaj JS, Bataller R, Arab JP. New insights into the molecular basis of alcohol abstinence and relapse in alcohol-associated liver disease. Hepatology 2023:01515467-990000000-00605. [PMID: 37862466 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder remains a significant public health concern, affecting around 5% of adults worldwide. Novel pathways of damage have been described during the last years, providing insight into the mechanism of injury due to alcohol misuse beyond the direct effect of ethanol byproducts on the liver parenchyma and neurobehavioral mechanisms. Thus, the gut-liver-brain axis and immune system involvement could be therapeutic targets for alcohol use disorder. In particular, changes in gut microbiota composition and function, and bile acid homeostasis, have been shown with alcohol consumption and cessation. Alcohol can also directly disrupt intestinal and blood-brain barriers. Activation of the immune system can be triggered by intestinal barrier dysfunction and translocation of bacteria, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (such as lipopolysaccharide), cytokines, and damage-associated molecular patterns. These factors, in turn, promote liver and brain inflammation and the progression of liver fibrosis. Other involved mechanisms include oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and the release of extracellular vesicles and miRNA from hepatocytes. Potential therapeutic targets include gut microbiota (probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation), neuroinflammatory pathways, as well as neuroendocrine pathways, for example, the ghrelin system (ghrelin receptor blockade), incretin mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs), and the mineralocorticoid receptor system (spironolactone). In addition, support with psychological and behavioral treatments is essential to address the multiple dimensions of alcohol use disorder. In the future, a personalized approach considering these novel targets can contribute to significantly decreasing the alcohol-associated burden of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Diaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institutes of Health, NIDA and NIAAA, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Health Care System, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Jackson KG, Way GW, Zeng J, Lipp MK, Zhou H. The Dynamic Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1389-1399. [PMID: 37028592 PMCID: PMC10548273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major worldwide public health threat, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5 billion individuals with CLD in 2020. Chronic activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pathways is recognized as substantially contributing to the pathologic progression of CLD. The ER is an intracellular organelle that folds proteins into their correct three-dimensional shapes. ER-associated enzymes and chaperone proteins highly regulate this process. Perturbations in protein folding lead to misfolded or unfolded protein accumulation in the ER lumen, resulting in ER stress and concomitant activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The adaptive UPR is a set of signal transduction pathways evolved in mammalian cells that attempts to reestablish ER protein homeostasis by reducing protein load and increasing ER-associated degradation. However, maladaptive UPR responses in CLD occur due to prolonged UPR activation, leading to concomitant inflammation and cell death. This review assesses the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate ER stress and the UPR in the progression of various liver diseases and the potential pharmacologic and biological interventions that target the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Grayson W Way
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Marissa K Lipp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia.
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Leslie J, Hunter JE, Collins A, Rushton A, Russell LG, Ramon‐Gil E, Laszczewska M, McCain M, Zaki MYW, Knox A, Seow Y, Sabater L, Geh D, Perkins ND, Reeves HL, Tiniakos D, Mann DA, Oakley F. c-Rel-dependent Chk2 signaling regulates the DNA damage response limiting hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2023; 78:1050-1063. [PMID: 36089330 PMCID: PMC10521790 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The NF-κB transcription factor family subunit c-Rel is typically protumorigenic; however, it has recently been reported as a tumor suppressor. Here, we investigated the role of c-Rel in HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS Histological and transcriptional studies confirmed expression of c-Rel in human patients with HCC, but low c-Rel expression correlated with increased tumor cell proliferation and mutational burden and was associated with advanced disease. In vivo , global ( Rel-/- ) and epithelial specific ( RelAlb ) c-Rel knockout mice develop more tumors, with a higher proliferative rate and increased DNA damage, than wild-type (WT) controls 30 weeks after N-diethylnitrosamine injury. However, tumor burden was comparable when c-Rel was deleted in hepatocytes once tumors were established, suggesting c-Rel signaling is important for preventing HCC initiation after genotoxic injury, rather than for HCC progression. In vitro , Rel-/- hepatocytes were more susceptible to genotoxic injury than WT controls. ATM-CHK2 DNA damage response pathway proteins were suppressed in Rel-/- hepatocytes following genotoxic injury, suggesting that c-Rel is required for effective DNA repair. To determine if c-Rel inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to chemotherapy, by preventing repair of chemotherapy-induced DNA damage, thus increasing tumor cell death, we administered single or combination doxorubicin and IT-603 (c-Rel inhibitor) therapy in an orthotopic HCC model. Indeed, combination therapy was more efficacious than doxorubicin alone. CONCLUSION Hepatocyte c-Rel signaling limits genotoxic injury and subsequent HCC burden. Inhibiting c-Rel as an adjuvant therapy increased the effectiveness of DNA damaging agents and reduced HCC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Leslie
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Jill E. Hunter
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Amy Collins
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Amelia Rushton
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren G. Russell
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Erik Ramon‐Gil
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Maja Laszczewska
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Misti McCain
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Marco Y. W. Zaki
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Amber Knox
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Yixin Seow
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Sabater
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Geh
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
- Department of Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Neil D. Perkins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Helen L. Reeves
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
- Department of Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Dina Tiniakos
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
- Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Derek A. Mann
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Oakley
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, UK
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Testino G, Bottaro LC, Andorno E, Bandini F, Balbinot P, Beltramini S, Bottino S, Caltabellotta M, Caputo F, Caviglia E, Curone P, DI Biagio A, Gagliano C, Gandolfo N, Pestarino L, Rollero A, Romairone E, Sampietro L, Torre E, Zuccarelli S, Pellicano R. Hepatic encephalophathy: management and diagnostic therapeutic assistance path of Ligurian Local Health Company 3 (ASL3). Minerva Med 2023; 114:698-718. [PMID: 36952221 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.08408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalophathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome with a prevalence in the cirrhotic population ranging from 20 to 80%. HE is a cause of inappropriate hospitalization, caregiver burdening and increased social costs. There is need to create dedicated care pathways to better manage patients and support family caregivers. The data used for the preparation of this diagnostic therapeutic assistance path (DTAP) are based on a detailed analysis of the scientific literature published before June 30, 2022 (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). Furthermore, in the process of developing this work, we consulted in particular the guidelines/ position papers of International Society for Hepatic Encephalopathy and Nitrogen Metabolism (ISHEN), Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), Italian Society on Alcohol (Società Italiana di Alcologia [SIA]) and other relevant papers. DTAP was created based on the most recent recommendations of the international scientific literature. The present DTAP highlight the need for a multidisciplinary activity integrated with territorial medicine in close connection with caregivers. This guarantees improved therapeutic adherence, hospital readmission reduction, improved quality of life for patients and caregivers and a significant reduction in costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Testino
- Addiction and Hepatology Unit/Alcohological Regional Centre and Study Centre "Self Help, Community Program and Caregiver Training" ASL3, Genoa, Italy -
| | | | - Enzo Andorno
- Liver Transplantation Unit, San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Balbinot
- Addiction and Hepatology Unit/Alcohological Regional Centre and Study Centre "Self Help, Community Program and Caregiver Training" ASL3, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Caputo
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases (IBD) and Gastroenterological Manifestations of Rare Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Center for the Study and Treatment of Alcohol-Related Diseases, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Santissima Annunziata Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio DI Biagio
- Department of Health Sciences, Infectious Diseases Clinic, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Torre
- Unit of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology, ASL3 Liguria, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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48
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Banerjee P, Gaddam N, Chandler V, Chakraborty S. Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Damage and Remodeling of the Liver Vasculature. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1400-1414. [PMID: 37355037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
As an organ critically important for targeting and clearing viruses, bacteria, and other foreign material, the liver operates via immune-tolerant, anti-inflammatory mechanisms indispensable to the immune response. Stress and stress-induced factors disrupt the homeostatic balance in the liver, inflicting tissue damage, injury, and remodeling. These factors include oxidative stress (OS) induced by viral infections, environmental toxins, drugs, alcohol, and diet. A recurrent theme seen among stressors common to multiple liver diseases is the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species expression, and depletion of ATP. Inflammatory signaling additionally exacerbates the condition, generating a proinflammatory, immunosuppressive microenvironment and activation of apoptotic and necrotic mechanisms that disrupt the integrity of liver morphology. These pathways initiate signaling pathways that significantly contribute to the development of liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancers. In addition, hypoxia and OS directly enhance angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in chronic liver diseases. Late-stage consequences of these conditions often narrow the outcomes for liver transplantation or result in death. This review provides a detailed perspective on various stress-induced factors and the specific focus on role of OS in different liver diseases with special emphasis on different molecular mechanisms. It also highlights how resultant changes in the liver vasculature correlate with pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas.
| | - Niyanshi Gaddam
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Vanessa Chandler
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas.
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49
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1205821. [PMID: 37841267 PMCID: PMC10570533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Palash Mandal
- P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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50
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Aghara H, Chadha P, Zala D, Mandal P. Stress mechanism involved in the progression of alcoholic liver disease and the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles. Front Immunol 2023; 14. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1205821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) poses a significant threat to human health, with excessive alcohol intake disrupting the immunotolerant environment of the liver and initiating a cascade of pathological events. This progressive disease unfolds through fat deposition, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, activation of hepatic stellate cells, and eventual development of end-stage liver disease, known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). ALD is intricately intertwined with stress mechanisms such as oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis, culminating in increased inflammation. While the initial stages of ALD can be reversible with diligent care and abstinence, further progression necessitates alternative treatment approaches. Herbal medicines have shown promise, albeit limited by their poor water solubility and subsequent lack of extensive exploration. Consequently, researchers have embarked on a quest to overcome these challenges by delving into the potential of nanoparticle-mediated therapy. Nanoparticle-based treatments are being explored for liver diseases that share similar mechanisms with alcoholic liver disease. It underscores the potential of these innovative approaches to counteract the complex pathogenesis of ALD, providing new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Nevertheless, further investigations are imperative to fully unravel the therapeutic potential and unlock the promise of nanoparticle-mediated therapy specifically tailored for ALD treatment.
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