1
|
Sun F, Li H, Sun D, Fu S, Gu L, Shao X, Wang Q, Dong X, Duan B, Xing F, Wu J, Xiao M, Zhao F, Han JDJ, Liu Q, Fan X, Li C, Wang C, Shi T. Single-cell omics: experimental workflow, data analyses and applications. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024:10.1007/s11427-023-2561-0. [PMID: 39060615 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cells are the fundamental units of biological systems and exhibit unique development trajectories and molecular features. Our exploration of how the genomes orchestrate the formation and maintenance of each cell, and control the cellular phenotypes of various organismsis, is both captivating and intricate. Since the inception of the first single-cell RNA technology, technologies related to single-cell sequencing have experienced rapid advancements in recent years. These technologies have expanded horizontally to include single-cell genome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome, while vertically, they have progressed to integrate multiple omics data and incorporate additional information such as spatial scRNA-seq and CRISPR screening. Single-cell omics represent a groundbreaking advancement in the biomedical field, offering profound insights into the understanding of complex diseases, including cancers. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in single-cell omics technologies, with a specific focus on the methodology section. This overview aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate methods for single-cell sequencing and related data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Haoyan Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Shaliu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Center for Single-cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin Shao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314103, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Center for Single-cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Feiyang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Minmin Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City), Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB), Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China.
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China.
- Research Institute of Intelligent Computing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314103, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Chen Li
- Center for Single-cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration (Tongji University), Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department, Tongji Hospital, Bioinformatics Department, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200082, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Stem Cells, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Wuhu Hospital of East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City), Wuhu, 241000, China.
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taibo A, Martínez Campayo N, Paradela S, Fonseca E. A Life-Threatening Infection in Patients with Erythroderma: Psoas Abscess. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024:S0001-7310(24)00508-8. [PMID: 38885902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Taibo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of A Coruña, España.
| | | | - S Paradela
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of A Coruña, España
| | - E Fonseca
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of A Coruña, España
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng Z, Vadivel CK, Gluud M, Namini MRJ, Yan L, Ahmad S, Hansen MB, Coquet J, Mustelin T, Koralov SB, Bonefeld CM, Woetmann A, Geisler C, Guenova E, Kamstrup MR, Litman T, Gjerdrum LMR, Buus TB, Ødum N. Keratinocytes Present Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins and Promote Malignant and Nonmalignant T Cell Proliferation in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00377-4. [PMID: 38762064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is characterized by malignant T cells proliferating in a unique tumor microenvironment dominated by keratinocytes (KCs). Skin colonization and infection by Staphylococcus aureus are a common cause of morbidity and are suspected of fueling disease activity. In this study, we show that expression of HLA-DRs, high-affinity receptors for staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), by KCs correlates with IFN-γ expression in the tumor microenvironment. Importantly, IFN-γ induces HLA-DR, SE binding, and SE presentation by KCs to malignant T cells from patients with Sézary syndrome and malignant and nonmalignant T-cell lines derived from patients with Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides. Likewise, preincubation of KCs with supernatant from patient-derived SE-producing S aureus triggers proliferation in malignant T cells and cytokine release (including IL-2), when cultured with nonmalignant T cells. This is inhibited by pretreatment with engineered bacteriophage S aureus-specific endolysins. Furthermore, alteration in the HLA-DR-binding sites of SE type A and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Jak3 and IL-2Rγ block induction of malignant T-cell proliferation. In conclusion, we show that upon exposure to patient-derived S aureus and SE, KCs stimulate IL-2Rγ/Jak3-dependent proliferation of malignant and nonmalignant T cells in an environment with nonmalignant T cells. These findings suggest that KCs in the tumor microenvironment play a key role in S aureus-mediated disease activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Zeng
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chella Krishna Vadivel
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin R J Namini
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lang Yan
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sana Ahmad
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Bagge Hansen
- Blood Bank, Department of Clinical Immunology, State University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Coquet
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charlotte Menne Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- University Hospital Lausanne (CHUV), Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria R Kamstrup
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise-Mette R Gjerdrum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Terkild B Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rafic E, Ma C, Shih BB, Miller H, Yuste R, Palomero T, Etchenique R. RuBi-Ruxolitinib: A Photoreleasable Antitumor JAK Inhibitor. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13317-13325. [PMID: 38700457 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and biological testing of ruthenium-bipyridine ruxolitinib (RuBiRuxo), a photoreleasable form of ruxolitinib, a JAK inhibitor used as an antitumoral agent in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). This novel caged compound is synthesized efficiently, is stable in aqueous solution at room temperature, and is photoreleased rapidly by visible light. Irradiation of RuBiRuxo reduces cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in a light- and time-dependent manner in a CTCL cell line. This effect is specific and is mediated by a decreased phosphorylation of STAT proteins. Our results demonstrate the potential of ruthenium-based photocompounds and light-based therapeutic approaches for the potential treatment of cutaneous lymphomas and other pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Rafic
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Cindy Ma
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Bobby B Shih
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Hannah Miller
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Teresa Palomero
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Roberto Etchenique
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, INQUIMAE, CONICET, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gordon ER, Fahmy LM, Trager MH, Adeuyan O, Lapolla BA, Schreidah CM, Geskin LJ. From Molecules to Microbes: Tracing Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Pathogenesis through Malignant Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00262-8. [PMID: 38703171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The etiology of CTCL is a subject of extensive investigation. Researchers have explored links between CTCL and environmental chemical exposures, such as aromatic hydrocarbons (eg, pesticides and benzene), as well as infectious factors, including various viruses (eg, human T-lymphotropic virus [HTLV]-I and HTLV-II) and bacteria (eg, Staphylococcus aureus). There has been growing emphasis on the role of malignant inflammation in CTCL development. In this review, we synthesize studies of environmental and infectious exposures, along with research on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and the involvement of pathogens in disease etiology, providing insight into the pathogenesis of CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Gordon
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lauren M Fahmy
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan H Trager
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Oluwaseyi Adeuyan
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brigit A Lapolla
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Celine M Schreidah
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Larisa J Geskin
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo Y, de Gruijl FR, Vermeer MH, Tensen CP. "Next top" mouse models advancing CTCL research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1372881. [PMID: 38665428 PMCID: PMC11044687 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1372881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review systematically describes the application of in vivo mouse models in studying cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), a complex hematological neoplasm. It highlights the diverse research approaches essential for understanding CTCL's intricate pathogenesis and evaluating potential treatments. The review categorizes various mouse models, including xenograft, syngeneic transplantation, and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), emphasizing their contributions to understanding tumor-host interactions, gene functions, and studies on drug efficacy in CTCL. It acknowledges the limitations of these models, particularly in fully replicating human immune responses and early stages of CTCL. The review also highlights novel developments focusing on the potential of skin-targeted GEMMs in studying natural skin lymphoma progression and interactions with the immune system from onset. In conclusion, a balanced understanding of these models' strengths and weaknesses are essential for accelerating the deciphering of CTCL pathogenesis and developing treatment methods. The GEMMs engineered to target specifically skin-homing CD4+ T cells can be the next top mouse models that pave the way for exploring the effects of CTCL-related genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cornelis P. Tensen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Olszewska B, Zaryczańska A, Nowicki RJ, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M. Rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects got lost in the shuffle. Primary cutaneous lymphomas following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1325478. [PMID: 38660418 PMCID: PMC11041019 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1325478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 vaccines are generally safe and effective; however, they are associated with various vaccine-induced cutaneous side effects. Several reported cases of primary cutaneous lymphomas (CLs) following the COVID-19 vaccination have raised concerns about a possible association. This systematic review aims to investigate and elucidate the potential link between CLs and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, EBSCO and Scopus from January 01, 2019, to March 01, 2023, and analyzed studies based on determined eligibility criteria. The systematic review was performed based on the PRISMA protocol. Results A total of 12 articles (encompassing 24 patients) were included in this analysis. The majority of CLs were indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) (66,7%; 16/24), with Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) being the most common type (33,3%; 8/24). Most patients (79,2%; 19/24) developed lesions after receiving the COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines, and predominantly after the first immunization dose (54,2%; 13/24). The presented CLs cases exhibited a tendency to exacerbate following subsequent COVID-19 vaccinations. Nevertheless, CLs were characterized by a favorable course, leading to remission in most cases. Conclusion The available literature suggests an association between the occurrence and exacerbation of CLs with immune stimulation following COVID-19 vaccination. We hypothesize that post-vaccine CLs result from an interplay between cytokines and disrupted signaling pathways triggered by vaccine components, concurrently playing a pivotal role in the pathomechanism of CLs. However, establishing a definitive causal relationship between these events is currently challenging, primarily due to the relatively low rate of reported post-vaccine CLs. Nonetheless, these cases should not be disregarded, and patients with a history of lymphoproliferative disorders require post-COVID-19 vaccination monitoring to control the disease's course.Systematic review registrationwww.researchregistry.com, identifier [1723].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berenika Olszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dey S, Vieyra-Garcia PA, Joshi AA, Trajanoski S, Wolf P. Modulation of the skin microbiome in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma delays tumour growth and increases survival in the murine EL4 model. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1255859. [PMID: 38646524 PMCID: PMC11026597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1255859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders of skin-homing T cells causing chronic inflammation. These disorders cause impairment of the immune environment, which leads to severe infections and/or sepsis due to dysbiosis. In this study, we elucidated the host-microbial interaction in CTCL that occurs during the phototherapeutic treatment regime and determined whether modulation of the skin microbiota could beneficially affect the course of CTCL. EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells were intradermally grafted on the back of C57BL/6 mice. Animals were treated with conventional therapeutics such as psoralen + UVA (PUVA) or UVB in the presence or absence of topical antibiotic treatment (neomycin, bacitracin, and polymyxin B sulphate) as an adjuvant. Microbial colonisation of the skin was assessed to correlate with disease severity and tumour growth. Triple antibiotic treatment significantly delayed tumour occurrence (p = 0.026), which prolonged the survival of the mice (p = 0.033). Allocation to phototherapeutic agents PUVA, UVB, or none of these, along with antibiotic intervention, reduced the tumour growth significantly (p = 0.0327, p ≤ 0.0001, p ≤ 0.0001 respectively). The beta diversity indices calculated using the Bray-Curtis model showed that the microbial population significantly differed after antibiotic treatment (p = 0.001). Upon modulating the skin microbiome by antibiotic treatment, we saw an increase in commensal Clostridium species, e.g., Lachnospiraceae sp. (p = 0.0008), Ruminococcaceae sp. (p = 0.0001)., Blautia sp. (p = 0.007) and a significant reduction in facultative pathogens Corynebacterium sp. (p = 0.0009), Pelomonas sp. (p = 0.0306), Streptococcus sp. (p ≥ 0.0001), Pseudomonas sp. (p = 0.0358), and Cutibacterium sp. (p = 0.0237). Intriguingly, we observed a significant decrease in Staphylococcus aureus frequency (p = 0.0001) but an increase in the overall detection frequency of the Staphylococcus genus, indicating that antibiotic treatment helped regain the microbial balance and increased the number of non-pathogenic Staphylococcus populations. These study findings show that modulating microbiota by topical antibiotic treatment helps to restore microbial balance by diminishing the numbers of pathogenic microbes, which, in turn, reduces chronic inflammation, delays tumour growth, and increases survival rates in our CTCL model. These findings support the rationale to modulate the microbial milieu during the disease course of CTCL and indicate its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Microbiota/drug effects
- Mice
- Skin/microbiology
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/immunology
- Skin/drug effects
- Skin Neoplasms/microbiology
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/microbiology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saptaswa Dey
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Aaroh Anand Joshi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Slave Trajanoski
- Core Facility Computational Bioanalytics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gumina ME, Hooper MJ, Zhou XA, Koralov SB. Role of Antigenic Stimulation in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:755-763. [PMID: 38149950 PMCID: PMC10960716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) involves a clonal expansion of malignant cells accumulating in the skin, a primary barrier site. CTCL has long been hypothesized to be caused or perpetuated by chronic antigen stimulation due to unknown exposures. These antigenic triggers, defined as any element that may cause activation of malignant T cells through TCR signaling, have been hypothesized to range from chemicals to microbes. This review covers current evidence supporting chemical and microbial stimuli that may act as antigenic triggers of CTCL and summarizes novel areas of investigation, in which the potential antigenicity of the exposure is still unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Gumina
- Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Madeline J Hooper
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaolong A Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodríguez Baeza D, Bejarano Antonio L, González de Arriba M, Picó-Monllor JA, Cañueto J, Navarro-Lopez V. Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma and Microbiota: Etiopathogenesis and Potential New Therapeutic Targets. Dermatol Res Pract 2024; 2024:9919225. [PMID: 38435536 PMCID: PMC10904680 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9919225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To review the scientific literature related to human microbiota and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Methodology. An exploratory and systematic review of the articles retrieved from the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Scopus, published in the last 10 years with the following descriptors: "lymphoma, T-cell, cutaneous," "microbiota," "Mycosis Fungoides," "Sézary Syndrome," "lymphoma, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell," "Lymphomatoid Papulosis" and "Microbiota," "microbiota," "Microbial Community," and "Microbial Communities." Results Of the 87 references retrieved, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected. Most studies linking cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and the microbiota focus on the cutaneous microbiome, with Staphylococcus aureus being the main related agent. Skin colonization by this bacterium could be involved in the hyperactivation of the STAT3 inflammatory pathway and in the overproduction of IL-17, both of which are widely related to the development of more aggressive and advanced forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. We also found evidence of a possible relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the development of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, observing a decrease in taxonomic variability and an increase in certain genera such as Prevotella in the intestinal microbiome of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The possible etiopathogenic mechanism underlying this relationship could be explained by an increase in systemic cytokine release, promoting the hyperactivation of STAT3 at the skin level. Conclusion There appears to be a relationship between cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and the cutaneous and intestinal microbiome, as well as a possible pathophysiological pathway involved. The possible modulation of the cutaneous and intestinal microbiome or the action on the signaling inflammatory pathway, using pharmacological tools such as JAK inhibitors or IL-17 inhibitors in the latter case, could open the possibility for future therapeutic studies for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rodríguez Baeza
- Dermatology Service, Rio Hortega University Hospital, Calle Dulzaina, 2, Valladolid 47012, Spain
- MiBioPath Research Group, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, Murcia 30107, Spain
| | - Lía Bejarano Antonio
- Dermatology Service, Salamanca University Hospital, Paseo de la Transición Española, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Marta González de Arriba
- Dermatology Service, Salamanca University Hospital, Paseo de la Transición Española, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - José Antonio Picó-Monllor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Ctra. Alicante-Valencia N 332, 03550 Sant Joan Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Cañueto
- Dermatology Service, Salamanca University Hospital, Paseo de la Transición Española, Salamanca 37007, Spain
- IBSAL, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, P.º de San Vicente, 182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Vicente Navarro-Lopez
- MiBioPath Research Group, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, Murcia 30107, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Unit, Vinalopó University Hospital, c/Tonico Sansano Mora, 14, Elche 03293, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen WQ, Chrisman LP, Enriquez GL, Hooper MJ, Griffin TL, Ahmad M, Rahman S, Green SJ, Seed PC, Guitart J, Burns MB, Zhou XA. Gut microbiota analyses of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma patients undergoing narrowband ultraviolet B therapy reveal alterations associated with disease treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1280205. [PMID: 38274799 PMCID: PMC10808320 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a close relationship between cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and its microbiome. CTCL disease progression is associated with gut dysbiosis and alterations in bacterial taxa parallel those observed in immunologically similar atopic dermatitis. Moreover, the microbial profile of lesional skin may predict response to narrowband ultraviolet B (nbUVB), a common skin-directed therapy. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome, an immunologically vital niche, and nbUVB remains unexplored in CTCL. Herein, we performed 16S rRNA sequencing and PICRUSt2 predictive metagenomics on DNA extracted from stool swabs of 13 CTCL patients treated with nbUVB, 8 non-treated patients, and 13 healthy controls. Disease response was assessed with modified Severity Weighted Assessment Tool (mSWAT); of nbUVB-treated patients, 6 improved (decreased mSWAT), 2 remained stable, and 5 worsened (increased mSWAT). Protective commensal bacteria including Lactobacillaceae and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were significantly less abundant in CTCL patients compared to controls. With treatment, the CTCL gut microbiome exhibited decreased phylogenetic diversity and lower relative abundance of pro-inflammatory Sutterellaceae. Sutterellaceae was also significantly more abundant in patients who worsened, and Eggerthellaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae trended higher in patients who improved. Finally, PICRUSt2 functional predictions based on shifts in abundance of bacterial sequences repeatedly identified alterations in inositol degradation, which plays a key role in host immunomodulation, including inositol phospholipid signaling relevant to T-cell survival and proliferation. Our results bolster the paradigm of gut dysbiosis in CTCL and its functional implications in disease pathogenesis, and further delineate bacterial taxa associated with nbUVB response and with nbUVB treatment itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Q. Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lauren P. Chrisman
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gail L. Enriquez
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madeline J. Hooper
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Teresa L. Griffin
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Merjaan Ahmad
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sophia Rahman
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stefan J. Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Patrick C. Seed
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michael B. Burns
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaolong A. Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yadav M, Uikey BN, Rathore SS, Gupta P, Kashyap D, Kumar C, Shukla D, Vijayamahantesh, Chandel AS, Ahirwar B, Singh AK, Suman SS, Priyadarshi A, Amit A. Role of cytokine in malignant T-cell metabolism and subsequent alternation in T-cell tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1235711. [PMID: 37746258 PMCID: PMC10513393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1235711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and T-cell-derived lymphomas are very complex due to many functional sub-types and functional elasticity of T-cells. As with other tumors, tissues specific factors are crucial in the development of T-cell lymphomas. In addition to neoplastic cells, T- cell lymphomas consist of a tumor micro-environment composed of normal cells and stroma. Numerous studies established the qualitative and quantitative differences between the tumor microenvironment and normal cell surroundings. Interaction between the various component of the tumor microenvironment is crucial since tumor cells can change the microenvironment and vice versa. In normal T-cell development, T-cells must respond to various stimulants deferentially and during these courses of adaptation. T-cells undergo various metabolic alterations. From the stage of quiescence to attention of fully active form T-cells undergoes various stage in terms of metabolic activity. Predominantly quiescent T-cells have ATP-generating metabolism while during the proliferative stage, their metabolism tilted towards the growth-promoting pathways. In addition to this, a functionally different subset of T-cells requires to activate the different metabolic pathways, and consequently, this regulation of the metabolic pathway control activation and function of T-cells. So, it is obvious that dynamic, and well-regulated metabolic pathways are important for the normal functioning of T-cells and their interaction with the microenvironment. There are various cell signaling mechanisms of metabolism are involved in this regulation and more and more studies have suggested the involvement of additional signaling in the development of the overall metabolic phenotype of T cells. These important signaling mediators include cytokines and hormones. The impact and role of these mediators especially the cytokines on the interplay between T-cell metabolism and the interaction of T-cells with their micro-environments in the context of T-cells lymphomas are discussed in this review article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Yadav
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Blessi N. Uikey
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Diksha Kashyap
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Chanchal Kumar
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Vijayamahantesh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Arvind Singh Chandel
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Japan
| | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | | | - Shashi Shekhar Suman
- Department of Zoology, Udayana Charya (UR) College, Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, India
| | - Amit Priyadarshi
- Department of Zoology, Veer Kunwar Singh University, Arrah, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Forensic Science, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pallesen EMH, Gluud M, Vadivel CK, Buus TB, de Rooij B, Zeng Z, Ahmad S, Willerslev-Olsen A, Röhrig C, Kamstrup MR, Bay L, Lindahl L, Krejsgaard T, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM, Iversen L, Woetmann A, Koralov SB, Bjarnsholt T, Frieling J, Schmelcher M, Ødum N. Endolysin Inhibits Skin Colonization by Patient-Derived Staphylococcus Aureus and Malignant T-Cell Activation in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1757-1768.e3. [PMID: 36889662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is suspected to fuel disease activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. In this study, we investigate the effect of a recombinant, antibacterial protein, endolysin (XZ.700), on S. aureus skin colonization and malignant T-cell activation. We show that endolysin strongly inhibits the proliferation of S. aureus isolated from cutaneous T-cell lymphoma skin and significantly decreases S. aureus bacterial cell counts in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, ex vivo colonization of both healthy and lesional skin by S. aureus is profoundly inhibited by endolysin. Moreover, endolysin inhibits the patient-derived S. aureus induction of IFNγ and the IFNγ-inducible chemokine CXCL10 in healthy skin. Whereas patient-derived S. aureus stimulates activation and proliferation of malignant T cells in vitro through an indirect mechanism involving nonmalignant T cells, endolysin strongly inhibits the effects of S. aureus on activation (reduced CD25 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation) and proliferation (reduced Ki-67) of malignant T cells and cell lines in the presence of nonmalignant T cells. Taken together, we provide evidence that endolysin XZ.700 inhibits skin colonization, chemokine expression, and proliferation of pathogenic S. aureus and blocks their potential tumor-promoting effects on malignant T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil M H Pallesen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chella Krishna Vadivel
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terkild B Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bob de Rooij
- Micreos Human Health B.V., Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ziao Zeng
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sana Ahmad
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Maria R Kamstrup
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Bay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rizzetto G, Gambini D, Maurizi A, Molinelli E, De Simoni E, Pallotta F, Brescini L, Cirioni O, Offidani A, Simonetti O, Giacometti A. The sources of antimicrobial peptides against Gram-positives and Gramnegatives: our research experience. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2023; 31:306-322. [PMID: 37701381 PMCID: PMC10495054 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria is becoming increasingly prevalent. For this reason, the search for new molecules that can overcome current resistance and also recover antibiotics that are no longer effective is becoming increasingly urgent. Our research group at the 'Polytechnic University of Marche' managed to study the effectiveness of certain antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We decided to review our experience with AMPs by classifying them according to their origin and evaluating their effect on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. AMPs can derive from mammals, amphibians, microorganisms, and insects. In conclusion, our research experience shows that the richest source of AMPs are amphibians. However, the studies done are mainly in vitro or in animal models, requiring further human studies to assess the efficacy and safety of these molecules. AMPs may be a new therapeutic option for infections sustained by multi-resistant micro-organisms and for overcoming the mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics currently used. In particular, combining AMPs with antibiotics, including those with limited antimicrobial activity due to antimicrobial resistance, has often shown a synergistic effect, increasing or restoring their efficacy. The possibility of using manageable and relatively safe antibiotics again is crucial, considering the widespread increase in bacterial resistance in hospitals and the community. Despite a plethora of research on AMPs and their application as potential treatment on infectious diseases, this area needs further exploration. There is evidence that the characteristics of AMPs can seriously improve through structural chemical modifications and different delivery systems to become alternatives drugs to conventional antibiotics. The aim is to provide an overview of the possible sources from which AMPs are extracted, evaluating their action exclusively on Gram-positive and negative bacteria. This is to determine, based on our experience, which might be the most promising sources of AMPs for future research as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Rizzetto
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daisy Gambini
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Maurizi
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Edoardo De Simoni
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotta
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lefebvre MN, Borcherding N, Reis RJ, Mou E, Liu V, Jabbari A. Molecular techniques drive cutting edge advancements in management of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1228563. [PMID: 37654486 PMCID: PMC10465366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1228563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous 5T cell lymphoma (CTCL), characterized by malignant T cells infiltrating the skin with potential for dissemination, remains a challenging disease to diagnose and treat due to disease heterogeneity, treatment resistance, and lack of effective and standardized diagnostic and prognostic clinical tools. Currently, diagnosis of CTCL practically relies on clinical presentation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. These methods are collectively fraught with limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Fortunately, recent advances in flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction, high throughput sequencing, and other molecular techniques have shown promise in improving diagnosis and treatment of CTCL. Examples of these advances include T cell receptor clonotyping via sequencing to detect CTCL earlier in the disease course and single-cell RNA sequencing to identify gene expression patterns that commonly drive CTCL pathogenesis. Experience with these techniques has afforded novel insights which may translate into enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell N. Lefebvre
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ryan J. Reis
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Eric Mou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Vincent Liu
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ali Jabbari
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hooper MJ, Veon FL, Enriquez GL, Nguyen M, Grimes CB, LeWitt TM, Pang Y, Case S, Choi J, Guitart J, Burns MB, Zhou XA. Retrospective analysis of sepsis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma reveals significantly greater risk in Black patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:329-337. [PMID: 36265823 PMCID: PMC9839541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization among patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). OBJECTIVE To characterize the demographic, clinical, and microbial attributes distinguishing patients with CTCL sepsis from other patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) sepsis and patients with CTCL in general. METHODS Two-part retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center from 2001-2019 involving patients with CTCL (n = 97) and non-CTCL NHL (n = 88) admitted with sepsis, and a same-institution CTCL patient database (n = 1094). Overall survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS Patients with CTCL sepsis were more likely to be older, Black, experience more sepsis episodes, die or be readmitted within 30 days of an inpatient sepsis episode, and develop Gram-positive bacteremia than patients with non-CTCL NHL sepsis. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most frequently speciated organisms in CTCL (26%) and non-CTCL NHL (14%), respectively. No between-group differences were identified regarding sex, presence of central line, chemotherapy use, or disease stage. Compared with general patients with CTCL, patients with sepsis were Black and exhibited advanced-stage disease, higher body surface area involvement, and higher lactate dehydrogenase levels. LIMITATIONS Single institution, retrospective nature may limit generalizability. CONCLUSION Awareness of CTCL-specific risk factors is crucial for guiding sepsis prevention and improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Hooper
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Francesca L Veon
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gail L Enriquez
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Morgan Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cameron B Grimes
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tessa M LeWitt
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yanzhen Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Slaton Case
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael B Burns
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaolong A Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Malignant T cells induce skin barrier defects through cytokine-mediated JAK/STAT signaling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2023; 141:180-193. [PMID: 36122387 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022016690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a devastating lymphoid malignancy characterized by the accumulation of malignant T cells in the dermis and epidermis. Skin lesions cause serious symptoms that hamper quality of life and are entry sites for bacterial infection, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in advanced diseases. The mechanism driving the pathological processes that compromise the skin barrier remains unknown. Here, we report increased transepidermal water loss and compromised expression of the skin barrier proteins filaggrin and filaggrin-2 in areas adjacent to TOX-positive T cells in CTCL skin lesions. Malignant T cells secrete mediators (including cytokines such as interleukin 13 [IL-13], IL-22, and oncostatin M) that activate STAT3 signaling and downregulate filaggrin and filaggrin-2 expression in human keratinocytes and reconstructed human epithelium. Consequently, the repression of filaggrins can be counteracted by a cocktail of antibodies targeting these cytokines/receptors, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of JAK1/STAT3, and JAK1 inhibitors. Notably, we show that treatment with a clinically approved JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, increases filaggrin expression in lesional skin from patients with mycosis fungoides. Taken together, these findings indicate that malignant T cells secrete cytokines that induce skin barrier defects via a JAK1/STAT3-dependent mechanism. As clinical grade JAK inhibitors largely abrogate the negative effect of malignant T cells on skin barrier proteins, our findings suggest that such inhibitors provide novel treatment options for patients with CTCL with advanced disease and a compromised skin barrier.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sorger H, Dey S, Vieyra‐Garcia PA, Pölöske D, Teufelberger AR, de Araujo ED, Sedighi A, Graf R, Spiegl B, Lazzeri I, Braun T, Garces de los Fayos Alonso I, Schlederer M, Timelthaler G, Kodajova P, Pirker C, Surbek M, Machtinger M, Graier T, Perchthaler I, Pan Y, Fink‐Puches R, Cerroni L, Ober J, Otte M, Albrecht JD, Tin G, Abdeldayem A, Manaswiyoungkul P, Olaoye OO, Metzelder ML, Orlova A, Berger W, Wobser M, Nicolay JP, André F, Nguyen VA, Neubauer HA, Fleck R, Merkel O, Herling M, Heitzer E, Gunning PT, Kenner L, Moriggl R, Wolf P. Blocking STAT3/5 through direct or upstream kinase targeting in leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15200. [PMID: 36341492 PMCID: PMC9727928 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (L-CTCL) are lymphoproliferative disorders of skin-homing mature T-cells causing severe symptoms and high mortality through chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and serious infections. Despite numerous genomic sequencing efforts, recurrent driver mutations have not been identified, but chromosomal losses and gains are frequent and dominant. We integrated genomic landscape analyses with innovative pharmacologic interference studies to identify key vulnerable nodes in L-CTCL. We detected copy number gains of loci containing the STAT3/5 oncogenes in 74% (n = 17/23) of L-CTCL, which correlated with the increased clonal T-cell count in the blood. Dual inhibition of STAT3/5 using small-molecule degraders and multi-kinase blockers abolished L-CTCL cell growth in vitro and ex vivo, whereby PAK kinase inhibition was specifically selective for L-CTCL patient cells carrying STAT3/5 gains. Importantly, the PAK inhibitor FRAx597 demonstrated encouraging anti-leukemic activity in vivo by inhibiting tumor growth and disease dissemination in intradermally xenografted mice. We conclude that STAT3/5 and PAK kinase interaction represents a new therapeutic node to be further explored in L-CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sorger
- Unit of Functional Cancer Genomics, Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Vienna General HospitalMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Saptaswa Dey
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Department of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Daniel Pölöske
- Unit of Functional Cancer Genomics, Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | | | - Elvin D de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Abootaleb Sedighi
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Ricarda Graf
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Bio‐Medicine, Institute of Human GeneticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Benjamin Spiegl
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Bio‐Medicine, Institute of Human GeneticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Isaac Lazzeri
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Bio‐Medicine, Institute of Human GeneticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Till Braun
- Department of Medicine ICIO‐ABCD, CECAD and CMMC Cologne UniversityCologneGermany
| | - Ines Garces de los Fayos Alonso
- Department of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Petra Kodajova
- Unit of Laboratory Animal PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christine Pirker
- Centre for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marta Surbek
- Unit of Functional Cancer Genomics, Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Michael Machtinger
- Unit of Functional Cancer Genomics, Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Graier
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Yi Pan
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Regina Fink‐Puches
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Lorenzo Cerroni
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Jennifer Ober
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Center for Medical Research (ZMF)Medical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Moritz Otte
- Department of Medicine ICIO‐ABCD, CECAD and CMMC Cologne UniversityCologneGermany
| | - Jana D Albrecht
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Gary Tin
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Ayah Abdeldayem
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Pimyupa Manaswiyoungkul
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Olasunkanmi O Olaoye
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Martin L Metzelder
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Vienna General HospitalMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Unit of Functional Cancer Genomics, Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Walter Berger
- Centre for Cancer ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marion Wobser
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital WuerzburgWuerzburgGermany
| | - Jan P Nicolay
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital MannheimMannheimGermany
| | - Fiona André
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology InnsbruckMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Van Anh Nguyen
- University Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology InnsbruckMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Unit of Functional Cancer Genomics, Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | | | - Olaf Merkel
- Department of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Marco Herling
- Department of Medicine ICIO‐ABCD, CECAD and CMMC Cologne UniversityCologneGermany
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy, and HemostaseologyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular Bio‐Medicine, Institute of Human GeneticsMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Patrick T Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical SciencesUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Janpix, a Centessa CompanyLondonUK
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of PathologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal PathologyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaViennaAustria
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL‐AM), Division of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- CBmed GmbH Center for Biomarker Research in MedicineGrazAustria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Unit of Functional Cancer Genomics, Institute of Animal Breeding and GeneticsUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- BioTechMed GrazGrazAustria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Steinhoff M, Alam M, Ahmad A, Uddin S, Buddenkotte J. Targeting oncogenic transcription factors in skin malignancies: An update on cancer stemness and therapeutic outcomes. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:98-116. [PMID: 36372325 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body and prone to various diseases, including cancer; thus, provides the first line of defense against exogenous biological and non-biological agents. Skin cancer, a complex and heterogenic process, with steep incidence rate often metastasizes due to poor understanding of the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and clinical challenges. Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates that deregulation of transcription factors (TFs) due to genetic, epigenetic and signaling distortions plays essential role in the development of cutaneous malignancies and therapeutic challenges including cancer stemness features and reprogramming. This review highlights the recent developments exploring underlying mechanisms how deregulated TFs (e.g., NF-κB, AP-1, STAT etc.,) orchestrates cutaneous onco-pathogenesis, reprogramming, stemness and poor clinical outcomes. Along this line, bioactive drugs, and their derivatives from natural and or synthetic origin has gained attention due to their multitargeting potential, potentially safer and effective therapeutic outcome for human malignancies. We also discussed therapeutic importance of targeting aberrantly expressed TFs in skin cancers with bioactive natural products and or synthetic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Majid Alam
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joerg Buddenkotte
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Molecular pathogenesis of Cutaneous T cell Lymphoma: Role of chemokines, cytokines, and dysregulated signaling pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:382-399. [PMID: 34906723 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative neoplasms that exhibit a wide spectrum of immune-phenotypical, clinical, and histopathological features. The biology of CTCL is complex and remains elusive. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has evolved our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms, including genetic aberrations and epigenetic abnormalities that shape the mutational landscape of CTCL and represent one of the important pro-tumorigenic principles in CTCL initiation and progression. Still, identification of the major pathophysiological pathways including genetic and epigenetic components that mediate malignant clonal T cell expansion has not been achieved. This is of prime importance given the role of malignant T cell clones in fostering T helper 2 (Th2)-bias tumor microenvironment and fueling progressive immune dysregulation and tumor cell growth in CTCL patients, manifested by the secretion of Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines. Alterations in malignant cytokine and chemokine expression patterns orchestrate the inflammatory milieu and influence the migration dynamics of malignant clonal T cells. Here, we highlight recent insights about the molecular mechanisms of CTCL pathogenesis, emphasizing the role of cytokines, chemokines, and associated downstream signaling networks in driving immune defects, malignant transformation, and disease progression. In-depth characterization of the CTCL immunophenotype and tumoral microenvironment offers a facile opportunity to expand the therapeutic armamentarium of CTCL, an intractable malignant skin disease with poor prognosis and in dire need of curative treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
21
|
Kołkowski K, Jolanta Gleń, Berenika Olszewska, Monika Zabłotna, Nowicki RJ, Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło. Interleukin-17 Genes Polymorphisms are Significantly Associated with Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma Susceptibility. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00777. [DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment has an important effect on the progression of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Using PCR with sequence-specific primers, this study analysed single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the interleukin-17 genes of 150 patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. GG homozygote rs8193036 A/G of interleukin-17A gene occurred less commonly in the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma group; however, patients with this single-nucleotide polymorphism experience significantly intense pruritus. Conversely, the rs2397084 AG heterozygote of interleukin-17F is more common in the lymphoma population. In addition, there were significant differences in the frequencies of interleukin-17 genotypes when comparing early (Ia to IIa) and advanced stages (IIb, III and IV) of this neoplasms. A similar result has been shown in comparison between Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides. The current data may serve as a possible explanation for the increased bacterial infection rates in the course of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, especially caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In summary, specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms occur with different frequencies between cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and healthy patients. Moreover, genetic predisposition of several interleukin-17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms may be a factor causing impaired immune defence in cutaneous lymphomas.
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiao X, Li K, Geng M, Li K, Liang W, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Gao H, Wei X, Yang J. Activated T cells are the cellular source of IL-22 that enhances proliferation and survival of lymphocytes in Nile tilapia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:216-227. [PMID: 35934242 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a pleiotropic cytokine mainly secreted by CD4+ T cells, interleukin (IL)-22 plays an important role in immune regulation and infection elimination. Despite IL-22 homologues have been identified in non-mammal, whether and how IL-22 participates in the adaptive immune response of early vertebrates have not been fully addressed. In this study, we identified an evolutionarily conserved IL-22 from Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (defined as OnIL-22), proved by its properties regarding sequence, gene structure, functional domain, tertiary structure and phylogeny. IL-22 was broadly expressed in lymphoid-related tissues of tilapia, and with relatively higher levels in skin, gill, intestine and liver. The expression of OnIL-22 in spleen lymphocytes was markedly induced at the adaptive immune stage after Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Moreover, once lymphocytes were activated by PMA plus ionomycin or T-cell specific mitogen PHA in vitro, OnIL-22 expression was obviously up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels. These results thus suggest that activated T cells produce IL-22 to take part in the adaptive immune response of tilapia. Furthermore, treatment of lymphocytes with recombinant OnIL-22 increased the expression of genes related to proliferation and survival, and further promoted the proliferation and reduced the apoptosis of lymphocytes during bacterial infection or T-cell activation. These cellular effects of IL-22 seem to be associated with JAK1/STAT3 axis downstream of IL-22, because IL-22 application not only elevated the mRNA expression of JAK1 and STAT3, but also enhanced their phosphorylation in lymphocytes. Altogether, we suggest that activated T cells produce IL-22 to promote lymphocyte proliferation and survival probability via JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, thus participating in adaptive immune response of Nile tilapia. Our study therefore provides helpful perspective for understanding the function and mechanism of adaptive immune system in teleost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Kunming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haiyou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiumei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jialong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The Skin Microbiome in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL)—A Narrative Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080935. [PMID: 36015055 PMCID: PMC9414712 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have shown a significant role of the skin microbiome in the development and exacerbation of skin diseases. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of malignancies primary involving skin, with unclear pathogenesis and etiology. As external triggers appear to contribute to chronic skin inflammation and the malignant transformation of T-cells, some microorganisms or dysbiosis may be involved in these processes. Recently, studies analyzing the skin microbiome composition and diversity have been willingly conducted in CTCL patients. In this review, we summarize currently available data on the skin microbiome in CTLC. We refer to a healthy skin microbiome and the contribution of microorganisms in the pathogenesis and progression of other skin diseases, focusing on atopic dermatitis and its similarities to CTCL. Moreover, we present information about the possible role of identified microorganisms in CTCL development and progression. Additionally, we summarize information about the involvement of Staphylococcus aureus in CTCL pathogenesis. This article also presents therapeutic options used in CTCL and discusses how they may influence the microbiome.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sézary syndrome patient-derived models allow drug selection for personalized therapy. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3410-3421. [PMID: 35413113 PMCID: PMC9198935 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived SS cells show highly heterogeneous drug responses. We have developed a joint in vitro/in vivo platform to predict SS therapy response.
Current therapeutic approaches for Sézary syndrome (SS) do not achieve a significant improvement in long-term survival of patients, and they are mainly focused on reducing blood tumor burden to improve quality of life. Eradication of SS is hindered by its genetic and molecular heterogeneity. Determining effective and personalized treatments for SS is urgently needed. The present work compiles the current methods for SS patient–derived xenograft (PDX) generation and management to provide new perspectives on treatment for patients with SS. Mononuclear cells were recovered by Ficoll gradient separation from fresh peripheral blood of patients with SS (N = 11). A selected panel of 26 compounds that are inhibitors of the main signaling pathways driving SS pathogenesis, including NF-kB, MAPK, histone deacetylase, mammalian target of rapamycin, or JAK/STAT, was used for in vitro drug sensitivity testing. SS cell viability was evaluated by using the CellTiter-Glo_3D Cell Viability Assay and flow cytometry analysis. We validated one positive hit using SS patient–derived Sézary cells xenotransplanted (PDX) into NOD-SCID-γ mice. In vitro data indicated that primary malignant SS cells all display different sensitivities against specific pathway inhibitors. In vivo validation using SS PDX mostly reproduced the responses to the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat that were observed in vitro. Our investigations revealed the possibility of using high-throughput in vitro testing followed by PDX in vivo validation for selective targeting of SS tumor cells in a patient-specific manner.
Collapse
|
25
|
Hooper MJ, LeWitt TM, Pang Y, Veon FL, Chlipala GE, Feferman L, Green SJ, Sweeney D, Bagnowski KT, Burns MB, Seed PC, Choi J, Guitart J, Zhou XA. Gut dysbiosis in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is characterized by shifts in relative abundances of specific bacterial taxa and decreased diversity in more advanced disease. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:1552-1563. [PMID: 35366365 PMCID: PMC9391260 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients often suffer from recurrent skin infections and profound immune dysregulation in advanced disease. The gut microbiome has been recognized to influence cancers and cutaneous conditions; however, it has not yet been studied in CTCL. OBJECTIVES To investigate the gut microbiome in patients with CTCL and in healthy controls. METHODS Case-control study conducted between January 2019 and November 2020 at Northwestern's busy multidisciplinary CTCL clinic (Chicago, Illinois, USA) utilizing 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to characterize the microbiota present in fecal samples of CTCL patients (n=38) and age-matched healthy controls (n=13) from the same geographical region. RESULTS Gut microbial α-diversity trended lower in patients with CTCL and was significantly lower in patients with advanced CTCL relative to controls (p=0.015). No differences in β-diversity were identified. Specific taxa were significantly reduced in patient samples; significance was determined using adjusted p-values (q-values) that accounted for a false discovery rate threshold of 0.05. Significantly reduced taxa in patient samples included the phylum Actinobacteria (q=0.0002), classes Coriobacteriia (q=0.002) and Actinobacteria (q=0.03), order Coriobacteriales (q=0.003), and genus Anaerotruncus (q=0.01). The families of Eggerthellaceae (q=0.0007) and Lactobacillaceae (q=0.02) were significantly reduced in patients with high skin disease burden. CONCLUSIONS Gut dysbiosis can be seen in patients with CTCL compared to healthy controls and is pronounced in more advanced CTCL. The taxonomic shifts associated with CTCL are similar to those previously reported in atopic dermatitis and opposite those of psoriasis, suggesting microbial parallels to the immune profile and skin barrier differences between these conditions. These findings may suggest new microbial disease biomarkers and reveal a new angle for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hooper
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T M LeWitt
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Y Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - F L Veon
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G E Chlipala
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Feferman
- Research Informatics Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S J Green
- Genomics and Microbiome Core Facility, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Sweeney
- Genome Research Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K T Bagnowski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M B Burns
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P C Seed
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - X A Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The Skin Microbiome and Influencing Elements in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051324. [PMID: 35267632 PMCID: PMC8909499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Since the 1970s, a connection between microbes living on the skin and the rare cutaneous neoplasia, cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), was suggested. New technologies, for instance, next-generation sequencing technologies, enable investigators to look closely at the interplay between microbes and the host. In the present review, we collected research regarding the role of skin microbiota and skin barrier elements in the most common CTCL. It is known that Staphylococcus aureus infections play a major role in morbidity and mortality in advanced stages of the disease. It is possible that the microbiota of the patient might be involved in disease progression or its origin. Some findings suggest that the skin barrier may be deficient in CTCL. Restoring the skin barrier in CTCL might be a promising therapeutical option. Further studies are needed to provide more insight and potentially contribute to the development of new treatment approaches. Abstract Since the 1970s, a connection between the skin’s microbiota and cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) was suggested. New techniques such as next-generation sequencing technologies enable the examination of the nuanced interplay between microbes and their host. The purpose of this review is an updated description of the current knowledge on the composition of the microbiome, relevant bacteria, or other stimuli, and their potential role in CTCL with a focus on the most frequent subtype, mycosis fungoides. Some findings suggest that the skin barrier—or the deficiency hereof—and host-microbiota might be involved in disease progression or etiopathogenesis. In addition, information on the current knowledge of antimicrobial peptide expression in CTCL, as well as treatment considerations with antiseptics and antibiotics, are included. Further studies are needed to provide more insight and potentially contribute to the development of new treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
27
|
Dehner CA, Ruff WE, Greiling T, Pereira MS, Redanz S, McNiff J, Girardi M, Kriegel MA. Malignant T Cell Activation by a Bacillus Species Isolated from Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Lesions. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100084. [PMID: 35199089 PMCID: PMC8844718 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a life-debilitating malignancy of lymphocytes homing to the skin. Although CTCL is thought to arise from a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, specific triggers are unclear. The skin is colonized by a unique microbiota and is heavily influenced by its interactions. We hypothesized that adaptive immune responses to skin commensals lead to clonal T-cell proliferation and transformation in the appropriate genetic background. We therefore collected lesional and nonlesional skin microbiota from patients with CTCL to study T cell interactions using skin T cell explants and peripheral, skin-homing CD4+ T cells. By various methods, we identified Bacillus safensis in CTCL lesions, a rare human commensal in healthy skin, and showed that it can induce malignant T cell activation and cytokine secretion. Taken together, our data suggest microbial triggers in the skin microbiota of patients with CTCL as potential instigators of tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina A. Dehner
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William E. Ruff
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Teri Greiling
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Márcia S. Pereira
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sylvio Redanz
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jennifer McNiff
- Department of Dermatopathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin A. Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gill RPK, Gantchev J, Martínez Villarreal A, Ramchatesingh B, Netchiporouk E, Akilov OE, Ødum N, Gniadecki R, Koralov SB, Litvinov IV. Understanding Cell Lines, Patient-Derived Xenograft and Genetically Engineered Mouse Models Used to Study Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040593. [PMID: 35203244 PMCID: PMC8870189 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the infiltration of malignant T cells into the skin. The most common variants of CTCL include mycosis fungoides (MF), Sézary syndrome (SS) and CD30+ Lymphoproliferative disorders (CD30+ LPDs). CD30+ LPDs include primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and borderline CD30+ LPD. The frequency of MF, SS and CD30+ LPDs is ~40–50%, <5% and ~10–25%, respectively. Despite recent advances, CTCL remains challenging to diagnose. The mechanism of CTCL carcinogenesis still remains to be fully elucidated. Hence, experiments in patient-derived cell lines and xenografts/genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) are critical to advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis. To enable this, understanding the intricacies and limitations of each individual model system is highly important. Presently, 11 immortalized patient-derived cell lines and different xenograft/GEMMs are being used to study the pathogenesis of CTCL and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of various treatment modalities prior to clinical trials. Gene expression studies, and the karyotyping analyses of cell lines demonstrated that the molecular profile of SeAx, Sez4, SZ4, H9 and Hut78 is consistent with SS origin; MyLa and HH resemble the molecular profile of advanced MF, while Mac2A and PB2B represent CD30+ LPDs. Molecular analysis of the other two frequently used Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 (HTLV-1)+ cell lines, MJ and Hut102, were found to have characteristics of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL). Studies in mouse models demonstrated that xenograft tumors could be grown using MyLa, HH, H9, Hut78, PB2B and SZ4 cells in NSG (NOD Scid gamma mouse) mice, while several additional experimental GEMMs were established to study the pathogenesis, effect of drugs and inflammatory cytokines in CTCL. The current review summarizes cell lines and xenograft/GEMMs used to study and understand the etiology and heterogeneity of CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raman Preet Kaur Gill
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Jennifer Gantchev
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Amelia Martínez Villarreal
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Brandon Ramchatesingh
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Elena Netchiporouk
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
| | - Oleg E. Akilov
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Niels Ødum
- Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Robert Gniadecki
- Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (R.P.K.G.); (J.G.); (A.M.V.); (B.R.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +514-934-1934 (ext. 76140); Fax: +514-843-1570
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Licht P, Mailänder V. Transcriptional Heterogeneity and the Microbiome of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030328. [PMID: 35159138 PMCID: PMC8834405 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) presents with substantial clinical variability and transcriptional heterogeneity. In the recent years, several studies paved the way to elucidate aetiology and pathogenesis of CTCL using sequencing methods. Several T-cell subtypes were suggested as the source of disease thereby explaining clinical and transcriptional heterogeneity of CTCL entities. Several differentially expressed pathways could explain disease progression. However, exogenous triggers in the skin microenvironment also seem to affect CTCL status. Especially Staphylococcus aureus was shown to contribute to disease progression. Only little is known about the complex microbiome patterns involved in CTCL and how microbial shifts might impact this malignancy. Nevertheless, first hints indicate that the microbiome might at least in part explain transcriptional heterogeneity and that microbial approaches could serve in diagnosis and prognosis. Shaping the microbiome could be a treatment option to maintain stable disease. Here, we review current knowledge of transcriptional heterogeneity of and microbial influences on CTCL. We discuss potential benefits of microbial applications and microbial directed therapies to aid patients with CTCL burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Licht
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Challenging Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: What Animal Models Tell us So Far. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1533-1540. [PMID: 35000751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are characterized by heterogeneity of clinical variants, further complicated by genomic and microenvironmental variables. Furthermore, in vitro experiments are hampered by the low culture efficiency of these malignant cells. Animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying malignancy and for discovering new anticancer treatments. They are divided into two main categories: those in which tumors arise in the host owing to genetic modifications and those that use tumor cell transplantation. In this review, we summarize the attempts to decipher the complexity of the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma by exploiting genetically modified and xenograft models.
Collapse
|
31
|
Fujii K. Pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma: Involvement of Staphylococcus aureus. J Dermatol 2021; 49:202-209. [PMID: 34927279 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are representative cutaneous lymphomas. In their early stage, a small number of tumor cells and a large number of non-malignant cells form a Th1-dominant tumor microenvironment. Increase in malignant T cells is accompanied by a decrease in CD8-positive T cells, with a shift toward a Th2-dominant milieu in advanced-stage lesions. The etiologies of MF/SS are diverse, and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Advanced MF/SS is known to be highly sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus, and the majority of deaths are caused by severe infections. The susceptibility to infection is associated with barrier dysfunction and immunosuppression, which are the main symptoms of MF. In recent years, skin-colonizing S. aureus has been identified to not only cause severe infections but also play an important role in the pathogenesis of MF/SS. Staphylococcal superantigens activate the proliferation of tumor cells and induce CD25 upregulation, FOXP3 expression, IL-17 expression, and miR-155 expression. Alpha-toxin eliminates non-neoplastic CD4-positive cells and CD8-positive cells and plays a major role in tumor cell selection. Lipoprotein may also be associated with the induction of Th2-dominant milieu. Antibiotic therapy for S. aureus eradication has been reported to cause considerable clinical improvement in the majority of individuals with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Therefore, S. aureus may be a novel target for the treatment of advanced-stage MF/SS in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyasu Fujii
- Department of Dermatology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kołkowski K, Trzeciak M, Sokołowska-Wojdyło M. Safety and Danger Considerations of Novel Treatments for Atopic Dermatitis in Context of Primary Cutaneous Lymphomas. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13388. [PMID: 34948183 PMCID: PMC8703592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of new and emerging therapies on the microenvironment of primary cutaneous lymphomas (PCLs) has been recently raised in the literature. Concomitantly, novel treatments are already used or registered (dupilumab, upadacitinib) and others seem to be added to the armamentarium against atopic dermatitis. Our aim was to review the literature on interleukins 4, 13, 22, and 31, and JAK/STAT pathways in PCLs to elucidate the safety of using biologics (dupilumab, tralokinumab, fezakinumab, nemolizumab) and small molecule inhibitors (upadacitinib, baricitinib, abrocitinib, ruxolitinib, tofacitinib) in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. We summarized the current state of knowledge on this topic based on the search of the PubMed database and related references published before 21 October 2021. Our analysis suggests that some of the mentioned agents (dupilumab, ruxolitinib) and others may have a direct impact on the progression of cutaneous lymphomas. This issue requires further study and meticulous monitoring of patients receiving these drugs to ensure their safety, especially in light of the FDA warning on tofacitinib. In conclusion, in the case of the rapid progression of atopic dermatitis/eczema, especially in patients older than 40 years old, there is a necessity to perform a biopsy followed by a very careful pathological examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kołkowski
- Dermatological Students Scientific Association, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Trzeciak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.T.); (M.S.-W.)
| | - Małgorzata Sokołowska-Wojdyło
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland; (M.T.); (M.S.-W.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Oncogenic fusions JAK up CD8+ cytotoxic CTCL. Blood 2021; 138:2311-2312. [PMID: 34882212 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
34
|
Herrera A, Cheng A, Mimitou EP, Seffens A, George D, Bar-Natan M, Heguy A, Ruggles KV, Scher JU, Hymes K, Latkowski JA, Ødum N, Kadin ME, Ouyang Z, Geskin LJ, Smibert P, Buus TB, Koralov SB. Multimodal single-cell analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma reveals distinct subclonal tissue-dependent signatures. Blood 2021; 138:1456-1464. [PMID: 34232982 PMCID: PMC8532199 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous group of mature T-cell neoplasms characterized by the accumulation of clonal malignant CD4+ T cells in the skin. The most common variant of CTCL, mycosis fungoides (MF ), is confined to the skin in early stages but can be accompanied by extracutaneous dissemination of malignant T cells to the blood and lymph nodes in advanced stages of disease. Sézary syndrome (SS), a leukemic form of disease, is characterized by significant blood involvement. Little is known about the transcriptional and genomic relationship between skin- and blood-residing malignant T cells in CTCL. To identify and interrogate malignant clones in matched skin and blood from patients with leukemic MF and SS, we combine T-cell receptor clonotyping with quantification of gene expression and cell surface markers at the single cell level. Our data reveal clonal evolution at a transcriptional and genetic level within the malignant populations of individual patients. We highlight highly consistent transcriptional signatures delineating skin- and blood-derived malignant T cells. Analysis of these 2 populations suggests that environmental cues, along with genetic aberrations, contribute to transcriptional profiles of malignant T cells. Our findings indicate that the skin microenvironment in CTCL promotes a transcriptional response supporting rapid malignant expansion, as opposed to the quiescent state observed in the blood, potentially influencing efficacy of therapies. These results provide insight into tissue-specific characteristics of cancerous cells and underscore the need to address the patients' individual malignant profiles at the time of therapy to eliminate all subclones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Herrera
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Anthony Cheng
- Department of Genetic and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Eleni P Mimitou
- Technology Innovation Laboratory, New York Genome Center, New York, NY
| | - Angelina Seffens
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Dean George
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University and Roger Williams Medical Center, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Michal Bar-Natan
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Genome Technology Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Jose U Scher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Jo-Ann Latkowski
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marshall E Kadin
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University and Roger Williams Medical Center, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Zhengqing Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Larisa J Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Peter Smibert
- Technology Innovation Laboratory, New York Genome Center, New York, NY
| | - Terkild B Buus
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
García-Díaz N, Casar B, Alonso-Alonso R, Quevedo L, Rodríguez M, Ruso-Julve F, Esteve-Codina A, Gut M, Gru AA, González-Vela MC, Gut I, Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Varela I, Ortiz-Romero PL, Piris MA, Vaqué JP. PLCγ1/PKCθ Downstream Signaling Controls Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Development And Progression. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1391-1400.e15. [PMID: 34687742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Developing mechanistic rationales can improve the clinical management of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL). There is considerable genetic and biological evidence of a malignant network of signaling mechanisms, highly influenced by deregulated TCR/PLCγ1 activity, controlling the biology of these lesions. In addition, activated STAT3 is associated with clinical progression, although the alterations responsible for this have not been fully elucidated. Here we studied PLCγ1-dependent mechanisms that can mediate STAT3 activation and control tumor growth and progression. Downstream of PLCγ1, the pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown of PKCθ inhibited STAT3 activation, impaired proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in CTCL cells. A PKCθ-dependent transcriptome in MF/SS cells revealed potential effector genes controlling cytokine signaling, TP53, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Consistently, an in vivo chicken embryo model xenografted with MF cells showed that PKCθ blockage abrogates tumor growth and spread to distant organs. Finally, the expression of a number of PKCθ target genes, found in MF cells, significantly correlated with that of PRKCQ (PKCθ) in 81 human MF samples. In summary, PKCθ can play a central role in the activation of malignant CTCL mechanisms via multiple routes, including, but not restricted to, STAT3. These mechanisms may, in turn, serve as targets for specific therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria García-Díaz
- Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Cantabria-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Berta Casar
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Laura Quevedo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fulgencio Ruso-Julve
- Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Cantabria-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Ivo Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodriguez-Peralto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, institute i+12, CIBERONC, Medical School, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Luis Ortiz-Romero
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, institute i+12, CIBERONC, Medical School, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Piris
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pedro Vaqué
- Molecular Biology Department, Universidad de Cantabria-Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stonesifer CJ, Grimes JM, Garcia-Saleem TJ, Niedt GW, Kadin ME, Geskin LJ. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-associated primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 16:77-81. [PMID: 34541271 PMCID: PMC8435984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Connor J Stonesifer
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Joseph M Grimes
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - George W Niedt
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Marshall E Kadin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Larisa J Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lin M, Kowolik CM, Xie J, Yadav S, Overman LE, Horne DA. Potent Anticancer Effects of Epidithiodiketopiperazine NT1721 in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133367. [PMID: 34282785 PMCID: PMC8268131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of blood cancers that cannot be cured with current chemotherapeutical or biological drugs. Patients with advanced disease are severely immunocompromised due to the unchecked expansion of malignant T cells and have low survival rates of less than four years. Hence, new treatment options for CTCLs are urgently needed. In this study the anti-CTCL activity of a new compound, NT1721, was determined in vitro and in two CTCL mouse models. We found that NT1721 increased apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the malignant T cells and reduced tumor growth better than two drugs that are currently clinically used for CTCL treatment (i.e., gemcitabine, romidepsin). These results suggest that NT1721 may represent a potent new agent for the treatment of advanced CTCL. Abstract Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of debilitating, incurable malignancies. Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) are the most common subtypes, accounting for ~65% of CTCL cases. Patients with advanced disease have a poor prognosis and low median survival rates of four years. CTCLs develop from malignant skin-homing CD4+ T cells that spread to lymph nodes, blood, bone marrow and viscera in advanced stages. Current treatments options for refractory or advanced CTCL, including chemotherapeutic and biological approaches, rarely lead to durable responses. The exact molecular mechanisms of CTCL pathology remain unclear despite numerous genomic and gene expression profile studies. However, apoptosis resistance is thought to play a major role in the accumulation of malignant T cells. Here we show that NT1721, a synthetic epidithiodiketopiperazine based on a natural product, reduced cell viability at nanomolar concentrations in CTCL cell lines, while largely sparing normal CD4+ cells. Treatment of CTCL cells with NT1721 reduced proliferation and potently induced apoptosis. NT1721 mediated the downregulation of GLI1 transcription factor, which was associated with decreased STAT3 activation and the reduced expression of downstream antiapoptotic proteins (BCL2 and BCL-xL). Importantly, NT1721, which is orally available, reduced tumor growth in two CTCL mouse models significantly better than two clinically used drugs (romidepsin, gemcitabine). Moreover, a combination of NT1721 with gemcitabine reduced the tumor growth significantly better than the single drugs. Taken together, these results suggest that NT1721 may be a promising new agent for the treatment of CTCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.L.); (J.X.); (S.Y.)
| | - Claudia M. Kowolik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.L.); (J.X.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.K.); (D.A.H.)
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.L.); (J.X.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sushma Yadav
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.L.); (J.X.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Translational Research and Cellular Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA;
| | - David A. Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (M.L.); (J.X.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.K.); (D.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nicolay JP, Albrecht JD, Alberti-Violetti S, Berti E. CCR4 in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: Therapeutic targeting of a pathogenic driver. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1660-1671. [PMID: 33811642 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202049043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
New treatments are needed for patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), particularly for advanced mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS). The immunopathology of MF and SS is complex, but recent advances in tumor microenvironment understanding have identified CCR4 as a promising therapeutic target. CCR4 is widely expressed on malignant T cells and Tregs in the skin and peripheral blood of patients with MF and SS. The interaction of CCR4 with its dominant ligands CCL17 and CCL22 plays a critical role in the development and progression of CTCL, facilitating the movement into, and accumulation of, CCR4-expressing T cells in the skin, and recruiting CCR4-expressing Tregs into the tumor microenvironment. Expression of CCR4 is upregulated at all stages of MF and in SS, increasing with advancing disease. Several CCR4-targeted therapies are being evaluated, including "chemotoxins" targeting CCR4 via CCL17, CCR4-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapies, small-molecule CCR4 antagonists, and anti-CCR4 monoclonal antibodies. Only one is currently approved: mogamulizumab, a defucosylated, fully humanized, anti-CCR4, monoclonal antibody for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MF and SS. Clinical trial da1ta confirm that mogamulizumab is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for relapsed/refractory MF or SS, demonstrating the clinical value of targeting CCR4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan P Nicolay
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jana D Albrecht
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Silvia Alberti-Violetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, UOC Dermatologia, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Berti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, UOC Dermatologia, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Willerslev-Olsen A, Gjerdrum LMR, Lindahl LM, Buus TB, Pallesen EMH, Gluud M, Bzorek M, Nielsen BS, Kamstrup MR, Rittig AH, Bonefeld CM, Krejsgaard T, Geisler C, Koralov SB, Litman T, Becker JC, Woetmann A, Iversen L, Odum N. Staphylococcus aureus Induces Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5‒Dependent miR-155 Expression in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2449-2458. [PMID: 33862068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins are believed to fuel disease activity in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Recent data support this by showing that antibiotics inhibit malignant T cells in skin lesions in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome, the most common forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Yet, it remains incompletely characterized how staphylococcal enterotoxins fuel disease activity. In this study, we show that staphylococcal enterotoxins induce the expression of the oncogenic microRNA miR-155 in primary malignant T cells. Thus, staphylococcal enterotoxins and Staphyloccocus aureus isolates from lesional skin of patients induce miR-155 expression at least partly through the IL-2Rg‒Jak‒signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 pathway, and the effect is augmented by the presence of nonmalignant T cells. Importantly, mycosis fungoides lesions harbor S. aureus, express Y-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, and display enhanced miR-155 expression, when compared with nonlesional and healthy skin. Preliminary data show that aggressive antibiotic therapy is associated with decreased Y-phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and miR-155 expression in lesional skin in two patients with Sézary syndrome. In conclusion, we show that S. aureus and its enterotoxins induce enhanced expression of oncogenic miR-155, providing mechanistic insight into the role of S. aureus in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Our findings support that environmental stimuli such as bacteria can fuel disease progression in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise M Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Terkild B Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil M H Pallesen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Bzorek
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Maria R Kamstrup
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Hald Rittig
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Litman
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jurgen C Becker
- Department of Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany; Deutsches Krebsforschungsinstitut (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Odum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rendón-Serna N, Correa-Londoño LA, Velásquez-Lopera MM, Bermudez-Muñoz M. Cell signaling in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma microenvironment: promising targets for molecular-specific treatment. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:1462-1480. [PMID: 33835479 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) result from the infiltration and proliferation of a population of T cells in the skin, inducing changes in the activity of both T cells and surrounding skin cells. In the CTCL microenvironment, cell interactions mediated by cell signaling pathways are altered. Defining changes in cell signaling enables to understand T-cell deregulations in the CTCL microenvironment and thus the progression of the disease. Moreover, characterizing signaling networks activated in CTCL stages can lead to consider new molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Focusing on mycosis fungoides (MF), the most frequent variant of CTCL, and Sézary syndrome (SS), its leukemic variant, this review highlights recent molecular and genetic findings revealing modifications of key signaling pathways involved in (1) cell proliferation, cell growth, and cell survival such as MAP kinases and PI3K/Akt; (2) immune responses derived from TCR, TLR, JAK/STAT, and NF-kB; and (3) changes in tissue conditions such as extracellular matrix remodeling, hypoxia, and angiogenesis. Alterations in these signaling networks promote malignant T-cell proliferation and survival, T-cell migration, inflammation, and suppression of immune regulation of malignant T cells, making a skin microenvironment that allows disease progression. Targeting key proteins of these signaling pathways, using molecules already available and used in research, in clinical trials, and with other disease indications, can open the way to different therapeutic options in CTCL treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rendón-Serna
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas CIDERM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad De Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Luis A Correa-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas CIDERM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad De Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Margarita M Velásquez-Lopera
- Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas CIDERM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad De Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Maria Bermudez-Muñoz
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Centro de Investigaciones Dermatológicas CIDERM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad De Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reneau JC, Wilcox RA. Novel therapies targeting cutaneous T cell lymphomas and their microenvironment. Semin Hematol 2021; 58:103-113. [PMID: 33906720 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a generally indolent course managed with topical, skin-directed therapies. A small subset, however, will progress to advanced stage disease necessitating systemic therapy for disease control. Currently approved therapies have low response rates and generally short durations of response. Novel therapies, therefore, are urgently needed to address this unmet need. In this review, the mechanisms of CTCL pathogenesis and progression, including the role of the tumor microenvironment and molecular alterations, are summarized. Based on these biologic insights, novel therapies currently under investigation and those with a strong preclinical biologic rationale including T cell and macrophage checkpoint inhibitors, epigenetic regulators, targeted antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and apoptosis modulating therapies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Reneau
- The Ohio State University, Division of Hematology, Columbus, OH.
| | - Ryan A Wilcox
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Targeted genomic analysis of cutaneous T cell lymphomas identifies a subset with aggressive clinicopathological features. Blood Cancer J 2020; 10:116. [PMID: 33168809 PMCID: PMC7653963 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-020-00380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
43
|
Gene Expression Comparison between Sézary Syndrome and Lymphocytic-Variant Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Refines Biomarkers for Sézary Syndrome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091992. [PMID: 32872487 PMCID: PMC7563155 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS), an aggressive cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with poor prognosis, is characterized by the clinical hallmarks of circulating malignant T cells, erythroderma and lymphadenopathy. However, highly variable clinical skin manifestations and similarities with benign mimickers can lead to significant diagnostic delay and inappropriate therapy that can lead to disease progression and mortality. SS has been the focus of numerous transcriptomic-profiling studies to identify sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Benign inflammatory disease controls (e.g., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis) have served to identify chronic inflammatory phenotypes in gene expression profiles, but provide limited insight into the lymphoproliferative and oncogenic roles of abnormal gene expression in SS. This perspective was recently clarified by a transcriptome meta-analysis comparing SS and lymphocytic-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome, a benign yet often clonal T-cell lymphoproliferation, with clinical features similar to SS. Here we review the rationale for selecting lymphocytic-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome (L-HES) as a disease control for SS, and discuss differentially expressed genes that may distinguish benign from malignant lymphoproliferative phenotypes, including additional context from prior gene expression studies to improve understanding of genes important in SS.
Collapse
|
44
|
Gao Y, Liu F, Sun J, Wen Y, Tu P, Kadin ME, Wang Y. Differential SATB1 Expression Reveals Heterogeneity of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:607-618.e6. [PMID: 32771472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SATB1 is an important T-cell specific chromatin organizer in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, whereas its expression and function in mycosis fungoides (MF) remain ambiguous. Our study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of SATB1 in a cohort of 170 patients with MF. SATB1 expression was heterogeneous among the patients with MF in each clinical stage. High SATB1 expression was associated with epidermal hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, less large-cell transformation, and favorable prognosis in MF cases. SATB1 and CD30 coexpression distinguished cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders from MF large-cell transformation. SATB1 silencing in MF lines showed that SATB1 upregulated the genes involved in eosinophil recruitment, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and IL13, and downregulated the genes in cell-cycle progression, which may explain the inferior prognosis for low SATB1-expressing cases. Moreover, SATB1 was inversely correlated with PD-1 expression, indicating an exhausted status of SATB1-negative malignant T cells. SATB1 was positively correlated with toll-like receptors expression, suggesting innate immune activation in high SATB1-expressing MF cases. Therefore, variable SATB1 expression promotes heterogeneity in pathology and clinical outcome of patients with MF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Gao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjie Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jingru Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Tu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Marshall E Kadin
- Department of Dermatology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bobrowicz M, Fassnacht C, Ignatova D, Chang YT, Dimitriou F, Guenova E. Pathogenesis and Therapy of Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum (CIA) Update 2020. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 181:733-745. [PMID: 32690848 DOI: 10.1159/000509281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous disease group of unknown etiology with a complex immunological background. As CTCL arises from T cells that have a vital role in the antitumor response, their therapy is largely aimed at reversing the immunological mechanisms leading to or manifesting during this malignancy. Early disease stages can be controlled with skin-directed therapy in most CTCL cases. Still, advanced CTCL has a dismal prognosis and warrants systemic therapy. Despite considerable progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and the numerous systemic treatment options available, long-term remission rates with conventional treatments alone are still low. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative option for advanced CTCL, including mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. The aims of this review is to summarize the recent findings on the immunology of this heterogeneous disease and to present the advances in its clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Fassnacht
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Desislava Ignatova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yun-Tsan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florentia Dimitriou
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, .,Department of Dermatology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland, .,Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang B, Li K, Wang H, Shen X, Zheng J. Systemic chemotherapy promotes HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis and IL-17F pathways in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:987-992. [PMID: 32573814 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic chemotherapy is often the last resort of advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Tumor recurrence and adverse effects of systemic chemotherapy are the main limitations. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the metabolic alterations in tumor cells after CHOP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisone) chemotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS In advanced CTCL, CHOP chemotherapy has no survival benefit and the duration of response is significantly inferior to other canonical treatments. HIF-1α is significantly elevated in lesions of advanced MF patients as well as tumor cell line Hut78 and tumor xenograft mice model. CHOP therapy also increased glycolytic activities in a HIF-1α-dependent manner. In CTCL xenograft tumor mice model, lesional cells showed a significant increase in IL-17F after chemotherapy, shifting toward a Th17 phenotype, which process is also regulated by HIF-1α. Echinomycin, HIF-1α inhibitor, was co-administered in xenograft tumor mouse models with CHOP and showed a significant reduction in tumor growth. CONCLUSION CHOP chemotherapy promotes glycolysis and IL-17 pathways in a HIF-1α-dependent fashion. Furthermore, HIF-1α blockade is promising as an accompanying agent in systemic chemotherapy for patients with advanced CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kejia Li
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gluud M, Willerslev-Olsen A, Gjerdrum LMR, Lindahl LM, Buus TB, Andersen MH, Bonefeld CM, Krejsgaard T, Litvinov IV, Iversen L, Becker JC, Persson JL, Koralov SB, Litman T, Geisler C, Woetmann A, Odum N. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051229. [PMID: 32414221 PMCID: PMC7281391 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of potentially devastating primary skin malignancies. Despite decades of intense research efforts, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. In the early stages, both clinical and histopathological diagnosis is often difficult due to the ability of CTCL to masquerade as benign skin inflammatory dermatoses. Due to a lack of reliable biomarkers, it is also difficult to predict which patients will respond to therapy or progress towards severe recalcitrant disease. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression and putative pathological roles of oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRs in CTCL. We also focus on the interplay between miRs, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and oncogenic signaling pathways in malignant T cells as well as the impact of miRs in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. We highlight the potential use of miRs as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, we propose that the combined use of miR-modulating compounds with epigenetic drugs may provide a novel avenue for boosting the clinical efficacy of existing anti-cancer therapies in CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
- Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise M. Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.M.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Terkild B. Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark;
| | - Charlotte Menne Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Thorbjorn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Ivan V. Litvinov
- Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (L.M.L.); (L.I.)
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Jenny L. Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden;
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Thomas Litman
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
| | - Niels Odum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.G.); (A.W.-O.); (T.B.B.); (C.M.B.); (T.K.); (T.L.); (C.G.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-2875-7879
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Phyo ZH, Shanbhag S, Rozati S. Update on Biology of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:765. [PMID: 32477957 PMCID: PMC7235328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) comprise of a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas derived from skin-homing T cells. Variation in clinical presentation and lack of definitive molecular markers make diagnosis especially challenging. The biology of CTCL remains elusive and clear links between genetic aberrations and epigenetic modifications that would result in clonal T cell expansion have not yet been identified. Nevertheless, in recent years, next generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled a much deeper understanding of the genomic landscape of CTCL by uncovering aberrant genetic pathways and epigenetic dysregulations. Additionally, single cell profiling is rapidly advancing our understanding of patients-specific tumor landscape and its interaction with the surrounding microenvironment. These studies have paved the road for future investigations that will explore the functional relevance of genetic alterations in the progression of disease. The ultimate goal of elucidating the pathogenesis of CTCL is to establish effective therapeutic targets with more durable clinical response and treat relapsing and refractory CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaw H Phyo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Satish Shanbhag
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sima Rozati
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Blümel E, Munir Ahmad S, Nastasi C, Willerslev-Olsen A, Gluud M, Fredholm S, Hu T, Surewaard BGJ, Lindahl LM, Fogh H, Koralov SB, Rahbek Gjerdrum LM, Clark RA, Iversen L, Krejsgaard T, Bonefeld CM, Geisler C, Becker JC, Woetmann A, Andersen MH, Buus TB, Ødum N. Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin inhibits CD8 + T cell-mediated killing of cancer cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1751561. [PMID: 32363124 PMCID: PMC7185203 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1751561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and its toxins have been linked to disease progression and mortality in advanced stages of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in anti-cancer responses and high CD8+ T cell numbers in tumor lesions are associated with a favorable prognosis in CTCL. Here, we show that CD8+ T cells from both healthy donors and Sézary syndrome patients are highly susceptible to cell death induced by Staphylococcal alpha-toxin, whereas malignant T cells are not. Importantly, alpha-toxin almost completely blocks cytotoxic killing of CTCL tumor cells by peptide-specific CD8+ T cells, leading to their escape from induced cell death and continued proliferation. These findings suggest that alpha-toxin may favor the persistence of malignant CTCL cells in vivo by inhibiting CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Thus, we propose a novel mechanism by which colonization with Staphylococcus aureus may contribute to cancer immune evasion and disease progression in CTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edda Blümel
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shamaila Munir Ahmad
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claudia Nastasi
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Fredholm
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tengpeng Hu
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bas G. J. Surewaard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Lise M. Lindahl
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hanne Fogh
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Menné Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Essen, Germany
| | - Anders Woetmann
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Terkild Brink Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Insights Into the Molecular and Cellular Underpinnings of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:111-121. [PMID: 32226341 PMCID: PMC7087059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a rare malignancy of skin-homing T lymphocytes. Advances in whole exome sequencing have identified a vast number of both single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and genomic copy number alterations (GCNAs) as driver mutations present in CTCL cells. These alterations cluster within several key pathways - T cell/NF-κB/JAK-STAT activation, cell cycle dysregulation/apoptosis, and DNA structural dysregulation affecting gene expression - allowing the maintenance of a population of proliferating, activated malignant T lymphocytes. While much of the clinical spectrum, genetic alterations, and oncogenic behavior of CTCL have been elucidated, little is known about the etiology that underlies CTCL malignant transformation and progression. Herein, we review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathophysiology of CTCL to provide a perspective on CTCL pathogenesis. We outline a series of alterations by which mature, activated T lymphocytes are endowed with apoptosis resistance and cutaneous persistence. Subsequent genomic alterations including the loss of chromosomal structural controls further promote proliferation and constitutive T cell activation. CTCL cells are both malignant cells and highly functional T cells that can have major cutaneous and immunologic effects on the patient, including the suppression of cell-mediated immunity that facilitates malignant cell expansion. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular underpinnings of CTCL can help guide clinical management as well as inform prognosis and therapeutic discovery.
Collapse
|