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Wiedemann J, Kashgari G, Lane S, Leonard BC, Knickelbein KE, Andersen B, Jester JV. The effects of age and dysfunction on meibomian gland population dynamics. Ocul Surf 2024; 34:194-209. [PMID: 39122180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE While meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is widely recognized as a major cause of evaporative dry eye disease, little is known about normal gland differentiation and lipid synthesis or the mechanism underlying gland atrophy and abnormal lipid secretion. The purpose of this study was to use single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to probe changes in cell composition, differentiation, and gene expression associated with two murine models of MGD: age-related gland atrophy in wild-type mice and altered meibum quality in acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 (Awat2) knockout (KO) mice. METHODS Young (6 month) and old (22 month) wild type, C57Bl/6 mice and young (3 month) and old (13 month) Awat2 KO mice were used in these studies. For single-cell analysis, the tarsal plate was dissected from the upper and lower eyelids, and single cells isolated and submitted to the UCI Genomic Core, while for the spatial analysis frozen tissue sections were shipped to Resolve Biosciences on dry ice and sections probed in duplicate using a meibomian gland specific, 100 gene Molecular Chartography panel. RESULTS Analysis of gene expression patterns identified the stratified expression of lipogenic genes during meibocyte differentiation, which may control the progressive synthesis of meibum lipids; an age-related decrease in meibocytes; and increased immune cell infiltration. Additionally, we detected unique immune cell populations in the Awat2 KO mouse suggesting activation of psoriasis-like, inflammatory pathways perhaps caused by ductal dilation and hyperplasia. CONCLUSION Together these findings support novel mechanism controlling gland function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Wiedemann
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ghaidaa Kashgari
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shelley Lane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brian C Leonard
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kelly E Knickelbein
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Mathematical, Computational and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - James V Jester
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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2
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Lee CN, Hong YK, Cheng HC, Chi WY, Lin WC, Hsu CK, Lin YC, Cheng SY, Tang MJ, Yang CC. Mechanical Stretch Exacerbates Imiquimod-Induced Dermatitis Associated with Increased IL-1β and IL-6 Production. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01977-8. [PMID: 39103118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaw-Ning Lee
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Kai Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ching Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chi
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yi Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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3
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Ismayilzada N, Tarar C, Dabbagh SR, Tokyay BK, Dilmani SA, Sokullu E, Abaci HE, Tasoglu S. Skin-on-a-chip technologies towards clinical translation and commercialization. Biofabrication 2024; 16:042001. [PMID: 38964314 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad5f55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body which plays a critical role in thermoregulation, metabolism (e.g. synthesis of vitamin D), and protection of other organs from environmental threats, such as infections, microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation, and physical damage. Even though skin diseases are considered to be less fatal, the ubiquity of skin diseases and irritation caused by them highlights the importance of skin studies. Furthermore, skin is a promising means for transdermal drug delivery, which requires a thorough understanding of human skin structure. Current animal andin vitrotwo/three-dimensional skin models provide a platform for disease studies and drug testing, whereas they face challenges in the complete recapitulation of the dynamic and complex structure of actual skin tissue. One of the most effective methods for testing pharmaceuticals and modeling skin diseases are skin-on-a-chip (SoC) platforms. SoC technologies provide a non-invasive approach for examining 3D skin layers and artificially creating disease models in order to develop diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In addition, SoC models enable dynamic perfusion of culture medium with nutrients and facilitate the continuous removal of cellular waste to further mimic thein vivocondition. Here, the article reviews the most recent advances in the design and applications of SoC platforms for disease modeling as well as the analysis of drugs and cosmetics. By examining the contributions of different patents to the physiological relevance of skin models, the review underscores the significant shift towards more ethical and efficient alternatives to animal testing. Furthermore, it explores the market dynamics ofin vitroskin models and organ-on-a-chip platforms, discussing the impact of legislative changes and market demand on the development and adoption of these advanced research tools. This article also identifies the existing obstacles that hinder the advancement of SoC platforms, proposing directions for future improvements, particularly focusing on the journey towards clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufar Ismayilzada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tarar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | | | - Begüm Kübra Tokyay
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sara Asghari Dilmani
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Emel Sokullu
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States of America
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Boğaziçi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
- Koç University Arçelik Research Center for Creative Industries (KUAR), Koç University, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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4
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Fuchs C, Stalnaker KJ, Dalgard CL, Sukumar G, Hupalo D, Dreyfuss JM, Pan H, Wang Y, Pham L, Wu X, Jozic I, Anderson RR, Cho S, Meyerle JH, Tam J. Plantar Skin Exhibits Altered Physiology, Constitutive Activation of Wound-Associated Phenotypes, and Inherently Delayed Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1633-1648.e14. [PMID: 38237729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Wound research has typically been performed without regard for where the wounds are located on the body, despite well-known heterogeneities in physical and biological properties between different skin areas. The skin covering the palms and soles is highly specialized, and plantar ulcers are one of the most challenging and costly wound types to manage. Using primarily the porcine model, we show that plantar skin is molecularly and functionally more distinct from nonplantar skin than previously recognized, with unique gene and protein expression profiles, broad alterations in cellular functions, constitutive activation of many wound-associated phenotypes, and inherently delayed healing. This unusual physiology is likely to play a significant but underappreciated role in the pathogenesis of plantar ulcers as well as the last 25+ years of futility in therapy development efforts. By revealing this critical yet unrecognized pitfall, we hope to contribute to the development of more effective therapies for these devastating nonhealing wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Fuchs
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine J Stalnaker
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Hupalo
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan M Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Linh Pham
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivan Jozic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillp Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - R Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sunghun Cho
- Department of Dermatology, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon H Meyerle
- Department of Dermatology, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua Tam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Kiełbowski K, Stańska W, Bakinowska E, Rusiński M, Pawlik A. The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, and Psoriasis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3640-3675. [PMID: 38666958 PMCID: PMC11049642 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alarmins are immune-activating factors released after cellular injury or death. By secreting alarmins, cells can interact with immune cells and induce a variety of inflammatory responses. The broad family of alarmins involves several members, such as high-mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, interleukin-33, and heat shock proteins, among others. Studies have found that the concentrations and expression profiles of alarmins are altered in immune-mediated diseases. Furthermore, they are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. The aim of this narrative review is to present the current evidence on the role of alarmins in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and psoriasis. We discuss their potential involvement in mechanisms underlying the progression of these diseases and whether they could become therapeutic targets. Moreover, we summarize the impact of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of these diseases on the expression of alarmins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Wiktoria Stańska
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rusiński
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.K.); (E.B.); (M.R.)
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Zhang H, Jia T, Che D, Peng B, Chu Z, Song X, Zeng W, Geng S. Decreased TET2/5-hmC reduces the integrity of the epidermal barrier via epigenetic dysregulation of filaggrin in psoriatic lesions. J Dermatol Sci 2024; 113:103-112. [PMID: 38331641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TET2 participates in tumor progression and intrinsic immune homeostasis via epigenetic regulation. TET2 has been reported to be involved in maintaining epithelial barrier homeostasis and inflammation. Abnormal epidermal barrier function and TET2 expression have been detected in psoriatic lesions. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of TET2 in psoriasis have not yet been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To define the role of TET2 in maintaining epithelial barrier homeostasis and the exact epigenetic mechanism in the dysfunction of the epidermal barrier in psoriasis. METHODS We analyzed human psoriatic skin lesions and datasets from the GEO database, and detected the expression of TET2/5-hmC together with barrier molecules by immunohistochemistry. We constructed epidermal-specific TET2 knockout mice to observe the effect of TET2 deficiency on epidermal barrier function via toluidine blue penetration assay. Further, we analyzed changes in the expression of epidermal barrier molecules by immunofluorescence in TET2-specific knockout mice and psoriatic model mice. RESULTS We found that decreased expression of TET2/5-hmC correlated with dysregulated barrier molecules in human psoriatic lesions. Epidermal-specific TET2 knockout mice showed elevated transdermal water loss associated with abnormal epidermal barrier molecules. Furthermore, we observed that TET2 knockdown in keratinocytes reduced filaggrin expression via filaggrin promoter methylation. CONCLUSION Aberrant epidermal TET2 affects the integrity of the epidermal barrier through the epigenetic dysregulation of epidermal barrier molecules, particularly filaggrin. Reduced TET2 expression is a critical factor contributing to an abnormal epidermal barrier in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaowei Chu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangjin Song
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weihui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China.
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China.
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7
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Liu S, He M, Jiang J, Duan X, Chai B, Zhang J, Tao Q, Chen H. Triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis: a review and update. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:108. [PMID: 38347543 PMCID: PMC10860266 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, involving a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic factors play a major role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, non-genetic factors are also necessary to trigger the onset and recurrence of psoriasis in genetically predisposed individuals, which include infections, microbiota dysbiosis of the skin and gut, dysregulated lipid metabolism, dysregulated sex hormones, and mental illness. Psoriasis can also be induced by other environmental triggers, such as skin trauma, unhealthy lifestyles, and medications. Understanding how these triggers play a role in the onset and recurrence of psoriasis provides insights into psoriasis pathogenesis, as well as better clinical administration. In this review, we summarize the triggers for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis and update the current evidence on the underlying mechanism of how these factors elicit the disease. Video Abstract.
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Grants
- No.82173423, No.81974475, No.82103731 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No.82173423, No.81974475, No.82103731 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- No.82173423, No.81974475, No.82103731 the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Basic Research Project, No. JCYJ20190809103805589 Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation
- Basic Research Project, No. JCYJ20190809103805589 Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation
- Basic Research Project, No. JCYJ20190809103805589 Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation
- Key Project, No.2019003 Shenzhen Nanshan District Science and Technology Project
- Key Project, No.2019003 Shenzhen Nanshan District Science and Technology Project
- Key Project, No.2019003 Shenzhen Nanshan District Science and Technology Project
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengwen He
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoru Duan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Bao Chai
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
- Department of Dermatology, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Qingxiao Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China.
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Shan S, He J, Sun Q, Zhu K, Li Y, Reid B, Li Q, Zhao M. Dynamics of cutaneous atmospheric oxygen uptake in response to mechanical stretch revealed by optical fiber microsensor. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:2112-2120. [PMID: 37859506 PMCID: PMC10843412 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Skin expands and regenerates in response to mechanical stretch. This important homeostasis process is critical for skin biology and can be exploited to generate extra skin for reconstructive surgery. Atmospheric oxygen uptake is important in skin homeostasis. However, whether and how cutaneous atmospheric oxygen uptake changes during mechanical stretch remains unclear, and relevant research tools to quantify oxygen flux are limited. Herein, we used the scanning micro-optrode technique (SMOT), a non-invasive self-referencing optical fiber microsensor, to achieve real-time measurement of cutaneous oxygen uptake from the atmosphere. An in vivo mechanical stretch-induced skin expansion model was established, and an in vitro Flexcell Tension system was used to stretch epidermal cells. We found that oxygen influx of skin increased dramatically after stretching for 1 to 3 days and decreased to the non-stretched level after 7 days. The enhanced oxygen influx of stretched skin was associated with increased epidermal basal cell proliferation and impaired epidermal barrier. In conclusion, mechanical stretch increases cutaneous oxygen uptake with spatial-temporal characteristics, correlating with cell proliferation and barrier changes, suggesting a fundamental mechanistic role of oxygen uptake in the skin in response to mechanical stretch. Optical fiber microsensor-based oxygen uptake detection provides a non-invasive approach to understand skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Shan
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiahao He
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- School of Life Science, Yunnan Normal University, Yuhua District, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Kan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Brian Reid
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 2921 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, CA 95616, USA
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9
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Huang M, Hua N, Zhuang S, Fang Q, Shang J, Wang Z, Tao X, Niu J, Li X, Yu P, Yang W. Cux1+ proliferative basal cells promote epidermal hyperplasia in chronic dry skin disease identified by single-cell RNA transcriptomics. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:745-759. [PMID: 37577389 PMCID: PMC10422139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological dry skin is a disturbing and intractable healthcare burden, characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and severe itch. Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis models with complications of dry skin have been studied using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). However, scRNA-seq analysis of the dry skin mouse model (acetone/ether/water (AEW)-treated model) is still lacking. Here, we used scRNA-seq and in situ hybridization to identify a novel proliferative basal cell (PBC) state that exclusively expresses transcription factor CUT-like homeobox 1 (Cux1). Further in vitro study demonstrated that Cux1 is vital for keratinocyte proliferation by regulating a series of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins. Clinically, Cux1+ PBCs were increased in patients with psoriasis, suggesting that Cux1+ PBCs play an important part in epidermal hyperplasia. This study presents a systematic knowledge of the transcriptomic changes in a chronic dry skin mouse model, as well as a potential therapeutic target against dry skin-related dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Huang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ning Hua
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Siyi Zhuang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Qiuyuan Fang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jiangming Shang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Diseases of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750000, China
| | - Xiangyao Li
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Peilin Yu
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China
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10
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Lee YB, Lee WS. Topographical Difference in the Prognosis of Alopecia Areata. Ann Dermatol 2023; 35:240-242. [PMID: 37290959 DOI: 10.5021/ad.20.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Won-Soo Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Hair and Cosmetic Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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11
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Castañeda C, Bravo K, Cortés N, Bedoya J, de Borges WS, Bastida J, Osorio E. Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in skin cancer management: Photoprotective effect on human keratinocytes and anti-proliferative activity in melanoma cells. J Appl Biomed 2023; 21:36-47. [PMID: 37016777 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2023.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer has high rates of mortality and therapeutic failure. In this study, to develop a multi-agent strategy for skin cancer management, the selective cytotoxicity of several alkaloid fractions and pure alkaloids isolated from Amaryllidaceae species was evaluated in melanoma cells. In addition, UVB-stimulated keratinocytes (HaCaT) were exposed to seven alkaloid fractions characterized by GC-MS, and the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and IL-6, were measured to evaluate their photoprotection effects. The Eucharis caucana (bulb) alkaloid fraction (20 μg/ml) had a clear effect on the viability of melanoma cells, reducing it by 45.7% without affecting healthy keratinocytes. This alkaloid fraction and tazettine (both at 2.5 μg/ml) suppressed UVB-induced ROS production by 31.6% and 29.4%, respectively. The highest anti-inflammatory potential was shown by the Zephyranthes carinata (bulb) alkaloid fraction (10 μg/ml), which reduced IL-6 production by 90.8%. According to the chemometric analysis, lycoramine and tazettine had a photoprotective effect on the UVB-exposed HaCaT cells, attenuating the production of ROS and IL-6. These results suggest that Amaryllidaceae alkaloids have photoprotective and therapeutic potential in skin cancer management, especially at low concentrations.
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12
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Burger B, Sagiorato RN, Cavenaghi I, Rodrigues HG. Abnormalities of Sphingolipids Metabolic Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020291. [PMID: 36837912 PMCID: PMC9968075 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is immune-mediated skin disorder affecting thousands of people. Sphingolipids (SLs) are bioactive molecules present in the epidermis, involved in the following cellular processes: proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of keratinocytes. Alterations in SLs synthesis have been observed in psoriatic skin. To investigate if the imbalance in lipid skin metabolism could be related to psoriasis, we analyzed the gene expression in non-lesioned and lesioned skin of patients with psoriasis available in two datasets (GSE161683 and GSE136757) obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were searched for using NCBI analysis, and Gene Ontology (GO) biological process analyses were performed using the Database of Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. Venn diagrams were done with InteractiVenn tool and heatmaps were constructed using Morpheus software. We observed that the gene expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4D), glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 3 (GDP3), arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase R type (ALOX12B), phospholipase B-like 1 (PLBD1), sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3), ganglioside GM2 activator (GM2A), and serine palmitoyltransferase long chain subunit 2 (SPTLC2) was up-regulated in lesioned skin psoriasis when compared with the non-lesioned skin. These genes are related to lipid metabolism and more specifically to sphingolipids. So, in the present study, the role of sphingolipids in psoriasis pathogenesis is summarized. These genes could be used as prognostic biomarkers of psoriasis and could be targets for the treatment of patients who suffer from the disease.
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13
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Ferroptosis Activation Contributes to the Formation of Skin Lesions in Psoriasis Vulgaris. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020310. [PMID: 36829869 PMCID: PMC9952139 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ferroptosis is a newly coined form of programmed cell death marked by lethal accumulation of lipid peroxidation and ferrous iron overload. A few studies on the specific mechanism of ferroptosis in the genesis and development of psoriasis are available. (2) Methods: Levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ferrous iron were measured by flow cytometry. Ultrastructure analysis was performed by transmission electron microscopy. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like mice were treated with a ferroptosis inducer. The expressions of mRNA of genes were measured by qRT-PCR. HaCaT cells were used to explore the function of Cyb561d2. (3) Results: In this work, we observed that levels of lipid ROS and ferrous iron in the epidermis of psoriasis vulgaris (PV) patients were increased. The existence of ferroptosis activation in the epidermis of individuals with PV was confirmed by transmission electron microscope both in patients with PV and psoriasis-like mice models. Intradermal injection of the ferroptosis inducer RSL3 in psoriasis-like mice significantly promoted and aggravated the development of psoriasis-like dermatitis, and the level of serum transferrin was also increased in PV samples. Moreover, abnormal expression of some genes related to iron metabolism was also proved in the epidermis of PV cases, among which Cyb561d2 was shown to promote ferrous iron overload and lipid peroxidation accumulation in HaCaT cells. (4) Conclusions: In summary, our study suggested that ferroptosis activation owing to iron overload may be a novel mechanism underlying the formation of skin lesions in individuals with PV.
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14
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Friction-Aggravated Skin Disorders-A Review of Mechanism and Related Diseases. Dermatitis 2022:01206501-990000000-00081. [PMID: 36255396 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Skin is subject to frequent friction injury. Friction affects different structures of the skin, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and follicular units. Friction can also stimulate cytokine production. Friction is sensed by the mechanoreceptors, resulting in signal transduction to the nucleus, activating transcription factors and mechanoresponsive genes. Numerous friction-aggravated diseases have been identified, including inflammatory, depositional, follicular, genetic, infectious, and vesiculobullous disorders. Friction, as a potential modifiable aggravator, should be considered when skin diseases are located at friction-prone areas.
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15
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Sonkodi B. Psoriasis, Is It a Microdamage of Our "Sixth Sense"? A Neurocentric View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11940. [PMID: 36233237 PMCID: PMC9569707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is considered a multifactorial and heterogeneous systemic disease with many underlying pathologic mechanisms having been elucidated; however, the pathomechanism is far from entirely known. This opinion article will demonstrate the potential relevance of the somatosensory Piezo2 microinjury-induced quad-phasic non-contact injury model in psoriasis through a multidisciplinary approach. The primary injury is suggested to be on the Piezo2-containing somatosensory afferent terminals in the Merkel cell−neurite complex, with the concomitant impairment of glutamate vesicular release machinery in Merkel cells. Part of the theory is that the Merkel cell−neurite complex contributes to proprioception; hence, to the stretch of the skin. Piezo2 channelopathy could result in the imbalanced control of Piezo1 on keratinocytes in a clustered manner, leading to dysregulated keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the author proposes the role of mtHsp70 leakage from damaged mitochondria through somatosensory terminals in the initiation of autoimmune and autoinflammatory processes in psoriasis. The secondary phase is harsher epidermal tissue damage due to the primary impaired proprioception. The third injury phase refers to re-injury and sensitization with the derailment of healing to a state when part of the wound healing is permanently kept alive due to genetical predisposition and environmental risk factors. Finally, the quadric damage phase is associated with the aging process and associated inflammaging. In summary, this opinion piece postulates that the primary microinjury of our “sixth sense”, or the Piezo2 channelopathy of the somatosensory terminals contributing to proprioception, could be the principal gateway to pathology due to the encroachment of our preprogrammed genetic encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Sciences, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Mechanical Stretch Induced Skin Regeneration: Molecular and Cellular Mechanism in Skin Soft Tissue Expansion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179622. [PMID: 36077018 PMCID: PMC9455829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin soft tissue expansion is one of the most basic and commonly used techniques in plastic surgery to obtain excess skin for a variety of medical uses. However, skin soft tissue expansion is faced with many problems, such as long treatment process, poor skin quality, high retraction rate, and complications. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of skin soft tissue expansion is needed. The key to skin soft tissue expansion lies in the mechanical stretch applied to the skin by an inflatable expander. Mechanical stimulation activates multiple signaling pathways through cellular adhesion molecules and regulates gene expression profiles in cells. Meanwhile, various types of cells contribute to skin expansion, including keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, which are also regulated by mechanical stretch. This article reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms of skin regeneration induced by mechanical stretch during skin soft tissue expansion.
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17
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Ortiz-Lopez LI, Choudhary V, Bollag WB. Updated Perspectives on Keratinocytes and Psoriasis: Keratinocytes are More Than Innocent Bystanders. PSORIASIS (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2022; 12:73-87. [PMID: 35529056 PMCID: PMC9075909 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s327310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a complex disease triggered by genetic, immunologic, and environmental stimuli. Many genes have been linked to psoriasis, like the psoriasis susceptibility genes, some of which are critical in keratinocyte biology and epidermal barrier function. Still, the exact pathogenesis of psoriasis is unknown. In the disease, the balance between the proliferative and differentiative processes of keratinocytes becomes altered. Multiple studies have highlighted the role of dysregulated immune cells in provoking the inflammatory responses seen in psoriasis. In addition to immune cells, accumulating evidence shows that keratinocytes are involved in psoriasis pathogenesis, as discussed in this review. Although certain immune cell-derived factors stimulate keratinocyte hyperproliferation, activated keratinocytes can also produce anti-microbial peptides, cytokines, and chemokines that can promote their proliferation, as well as recruit immune cells to help initiate and reinforce inflammatory feedback loops. Psoriatic keratinocytes also show intrinsic differences from normal keratinocytes even after removal from the in vivo inflammatory environment; thus, psoriatic keratinocytes have been found to exhibit abnormal calcium metabolism and possible epigenetic changes that contribute to psoriasis. The Koebner phenomenon, in which injury promotes the development of psoriatic lesions, also provides evidence for keratinocytes' contributions to disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, transgenic mouse studies have confirmed the importance of keratinocytes in the etiology of psoriasis. Finally, in addition to immune cells and keratinocytes, data in the literature support roles for other cell types, tissues, and systems in psoriasis development. These other contributors are all potential targets for therapies, suggesting the importance of a holistic approach when treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Ortiz-Lopez
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Vivek Choudhary
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
| | - Wendy B Bollag
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30904, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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18
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Qiao P, Zhi D, Yu C, Zhang C, Wu K, Fang H, Shao S, Yin W, Dang E, Li K, Wang G. Activation of the C3a anaphylatoxin receptor inhibits keratinocyte proliferation by regulating keratin 6, keratin 16, and keratin 17 in psoriasis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22322. [PMID: 35429062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Dalong Zhi
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Kunyi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
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19
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van Straalen KR, Prens EP, Gudjonsson JE. Insights into hidradenitis suppurativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1150-1161. [PMID: 35189127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, debilitating, inflammatory skin disorder with a prevalence of around 1% and a profound impact on patients' quality of life. Characteristic lesions such as inflammatory nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts develop in the axillae, inguinal, and gluteal areas, typically during or after puberty. A complex interplay of genetic predisposition, hormonal factors, obesity, and smoking contributes to development and maintenance of the disease. HS is considered to arise from an intrinsic defect within the hair follicle, leading to follicular plugging, cyst formation, and subsequent rupture that in turn induce an acute inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF. Over time, acute lesions transition into chronic disease, with active draining sinus tracts accompanied by extensive fibrosis. HS is associated with other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, and psychiatric comorbidities. Treatment of HS often requires a combination of antibiotic or immunosuppressing therapies and surgical intervention. Nonetheless, the currently available treatments are not universally effective, and many drugs, which are often repurposed from other inflammatory diseases, are under investigation. Studies into the early stages of HS may yield treatments to prevent disease progression; yet, they are hampered by a lack of appropriate in vitro and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R van Straalen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich; Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Errol P Prens
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Laboratory for Experimental Immunodermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Corrêa MP, Correia-Silva RD, Sasso GRS, D'Ávila SCGP, Greco KV, Oliani SM, Gil CD. Expression Pattern and Immunoregulatory Roles of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis. Inflammation 2022; 45:1133-1145. [PMID: 35031944 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (Ps) overlaps, particularly the activation of the immune response and tissue damage. Here, we evaluated galectin (Gal)-1 and Gal-3 levels, which are beta-galactoside-binding proteins with immunomodulatory functions and examined their effects on human keratinocytes stimulated with either interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-17A. Skin biopsies from AD, Ps, and control patients were evaluated using histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Six studies containing publicly available transcriptome data were individually analyzed using the GEO2R tool to detect Gal-1 and Gal-3 mRNA levels. In vitro, IL-4- or IL-17A-stimulated keratinocytes were treated with or without Gal-1 or Gal-3 to evaluate cytokine release and migration. Our findings showed different patterns of expression for Gal-1 and Gal-3 in AD and Ps skins. Densitometric analysis in skin samples showed a marked increase in the protein Gal-1 levels in Ps epidermis and in both AD and Ps dermis compared to controls. Protein and mRNA Gal-3 levels were downregulated in AD and Ps lesional skin compared with the control samples. In vitro, both galectins addition abrogated the release of IL-8 and RANTES in IL-17-stimulated keratinocytes after 24 h, whereas IL-6 release was downregulated by Gal-3 and Gal-1 in IL-4- and IL-17-stimulated cells, respectively. Administration of both galectins also increased the rate of keratinocyte migration under IL-4 or IL-17 stimulation conditions compared with untreated cells. Altogether, the immunoregulatory and migration effects of Gal-1 and Gal-3 on keratinocytes under inflammatory microenvironment make them interesting targets for future therapies in cutaneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mab P Corrêa
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras E Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebeca D Correia-Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia E Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, Ed. Lemos Torres - 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Gisela R Silva Sasso
- Departamento de Morfologia E Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, Ed. Lemos Torres - 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil
| | - Solange C G P D'Ávila
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José Do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Departamento de Patologia E Medicina Forense, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin V Greco
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, The Griffin Institute, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras E Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane D Gil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biociências Letras E Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biociências, São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Departamento de Morfologia E Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 740, Ed. Lemos Torres - 3º andar, São Paulo, SP, 04023-900, Brazil.
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21
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Emerging Roles of Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis in Obesity. JID INNOVATIONS 2022; 2:100064. [PMID: 35024685 PMCID: PMC8659781 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic worldwide, and it is also considered a major environmental factor contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases, including psoriasis (PSO) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Moreover, obesity worsens the course and impairs the treatment response of these inflammatory skin diseases. Emerging evidence highlights that hypertrophied adipocytes and infiltrated immune cells secrete a variety of molecules, including fatty acids and adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, and a panel of cytokines/chemokines that modulate our immune system. In this review, we describe how adipose hypertrophy leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state in obesity and how obesity-related inflammatory factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PSO and/or AD. Finally, we discuss the potential role of antimicrobial peptides, mechanical stress and impairment of epidermal barrier function mediated by fast expansion, and dermal fat in modulating skin inflammation. Together, this review summarizes the current literature on how obesity is associated with the pathogenesis of PSO and AD, highlighting the potentially important but overlooked immunomodulatory role of adipose tissue in the skin.
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Key Words
- AD, atopic dermatitis
- AMP, antimicrobial peptide
- AT, adipose tissue
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMI, body mass index
- CI, confidence interval
- DC, dendritic cell
- DIO, diet-induced obesity
- FFA, free fatty acid
- HFD, high-fat diet
- KC, keratinocyte
- OA, oleic acid
- PA, palmitic acid
- PSO, psoriasis
- SCORAD, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis
- TC, total cholesterol
- TEWL, transepidermal water loss
- TG, triglyceride
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- Th, T helper
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- dFB, dermal fibroblast
- dWAT, dermal white adipose tissue
- sWAT, subcutaneous white adipose tissue
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22
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Li Q, Zhang J, Liu S, Zhang F, Zhuang J, Chen Y. MicroRNA-17-3p is upregulated in psoriasis and regulates keratinocyte hyperproliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by targeting <em>CTR9</em>. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35016493 PMCID: PMC8764465 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Although miRNAs are reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the contribution of individual microRNAs toward psoriasis remains unclear. The miR-17-92 cluster regulates cell growth and immune functions that are associated with psoriasis. miR-17-3p is a member of miR-17-92 cluster; however, its role in dermatological diseases remains unclear. Our study aims at investigating the effects of miR-17-3p and its potential target gene on keratinocytes proliferation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine and their involvement in psoriasis. Initially, we found that miR-17-3p was upregulated in psoriatic skin lesions, and bioinformatic analyses suggested that CTR9 is likely to be a target gene of miR-17-3p. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CTR9 expression was downregulated in psoriatic lesions. Using dual-luciferase reporter assays, we identified CTR9 as a direct target of miR-17-3p. Further functional experiments demonstrated that miR-17-3p promoted the proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of keratinocytes, whereas CTR9 exerted the opposite effects. Gain-of-function studies confirmed that CTR9 suppression partially accounted for the effects of miR- 17-3p in keratinocytes. Furthermore, Western blot revealed that miR-17-3p activates the downstream STAT3 signaling pathway while CTR9 inactivates the STAT3 signaling pathway. Together, these findings indicate that miR-17-3p regulates keratinocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion partially by targeting the CTR9, which inactivates the downstream STAT3 protein, implying that miR-17-3p might be a novel therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Li
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
| | - Shougang Liu
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
| | - Fangfei Zhang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jiayi Zhuang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
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Muñoz-Vergara D, Schreiber KL, Langevin H, Yeh GY, Zhu Y, Rist P, Wayne PM. The Effects of a Single Bout of High- or Moderate-Intensity Yoga Exercise on Circulating Inflammatory Mediators: A Pilot Feasibility Study. Glob Adv Health Med 2022; 11:2164957X221145876. [PMID: 36583069 PMCID: PMC9793102 DOI: 10.1177/2164957x221145876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a knowledge gap in the physiological effects of short-term yoga exercise interventions. Objective To evaluate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the acute effects of a yoga exercise protocol practiced at 2 intensities (high or moderate) on temporal responses of a battery of systemic circulatory cytokines in healthy yoga-naïve adults. Methods This study was a three-arm, pre-post pilot-RCT employing a single bout of yoga exercise intervention. Groups were high-intensity yoga (HY, n = 10), moderate-intensity yoga (MY, n = 10), and a sedentary, no-intervention control group (CON, n = 10). Blood samples were collected at baseline and post-intervention at 6 timepoints (0-, 30-, 60-, 120-, 180-minutes, and 24-hours post-intervention) and were processed with a pre-defined inflammatory panel of 13 cytokines. Heart rate (HR) was assessed with a Polar H10® device. The PROMIS Pain intensity Questionnaire was used to assess body soreness. Results We demonstrate feasibility of recruitment, randomization, and retention of participants based upon predetermined metrics, including: proportion of eligible to enrolled participants (55%); recruitment period (11-months); participant retention (97%); completion rate for questionnaires (99%); completion of physiological measures (98%); and adherence to the yoga exercise protocol (88%). Cytokine levels over time were heterogeneous within and between groups. Responses of a subset of cytokines were positively correlated with 1 another in high- and moderate-intensity yoga exercise groups but not in the control group. Median values for HR were 91 (IQR: 71-95) in the HY, 95 (IQR: 88-100) in the MY, and 73 (IQR: 72-75) in the CON. Pre-post changes in body soreness after the yoga exercise intervention were most evident in the HY group. Conclusion Along with observed trends in select cytokines, findings encourage a more definitive trial aimed at understanding the short-term effects of yoga exercise on inflammatory immune markers and pain in sedentary healthy adults. Clinicaltrials.gov ID# NCT04444102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Muñoz-Vergara
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Dennis Muñoz-Vergara, DVM, MS, MPH,
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 900 Commonwealth
Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Kristin L. Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology,
Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helene Langevin
- National Center for Complementary
and Integrative Health (NCCIH), National Institute of Health
(NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gloria Y. Yeh
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Medicine and
Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yehui Zhu
- Department of Radiology, A. A.
Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Rist
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter M. Wayne
- Osher Center for Integrative
Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine,
Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Muñoz-Vergara D, Grabowska W, Yeh GY, Khalsa SB, Schreiber KL, Huang CA, Zavacki AM, Wayne PM. A systematic review of in vivo stretching regimens on inflammation and its relevance to translational yoga research. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269300. [PMID: 35648793 PMCID: PMC9159623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review evaluating the impact of stretching on inflammation and its resolution using in vivo rodent models. Findings are evaluated for their potential to inform the design of clinical yoga studies to assess the impact of yogic stretching on inflammation and health. METHODS Studies were identified using four databases. Eligible publications included English original peer-reviewed articles between 1900-May 2020. Studies included those investigating the effect of different stretching techniques administered to a whole rodent model and evaluating at least one inflammatory outcome. Studies stretching the musculoskeletal and integumentary systems were considered. Two reviewers removed duplicates, screened abstracts, conducted full-text reviews, and assessed methodological quality. RESULTS Of 766 studies identified, 25 were included for synthesis. Seven (28%) studies had a high risk of bias in 3 out of 10 criteria. Experimental stretching protocols resulted in a continuum of inflammatory responses with therapeutic and injurious effects, which varied with a combination of three stretching parameters--duration, frequency, and intensity. Relative to injurious stretching, therapeutic stretching featured longer-term stretching protocols. Evidence of pro- and mixed-inflammatory effects of stretching was found in 16 muscle studies. Evidence of pro-, anti-, and mixed-inflammatory effects was found in nine longer-term stretching studies of the integumentary system. CONCLUSION Despite the overall high quality of these summarized studies, evaluation of stretching protocols paralleling yogic stretching is limited. Both injurious and therapeutic stretching induce aspects of inflammatory responses that varied among the different stretching protocols. Inflammatory markers, such as cytokines, are potential outcomes to consider in clinical yoga studies. Future translational research evaluating therapeutic benefits should consider in vitro studies, active vs. passive stretching, shorter-term vs. longer-term interventions, systemic vs. local effects of stretching, animal models resembling human anatomy, control and estimation of non-specific stresses, development of in vivo self-stretching paradigms targeting myofascial tissues, and in vivo models accounting for gross musculoskeletal posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Muñoz-Vergara
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Weronika Grabowska
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Gloria Y. Yeh
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Sat Bir Khalsa
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kristin L. Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Christene A. Huang
- The Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Wayne
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Liu W, Xiong S, Zhang Y, Du J, Dong C, Yu Z, Ma X. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Important Transcription Factors and Biological Processes in Skin Regeneration Mediated by Mechanical Stretch. Front Genet 2021; 12:757350. [PMID: 34659370 PMCID: PMC8511326 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.757350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mechanical stretch is utilized to promote skin regeneration during tissue expansion for reconstructive surgery. Although mechanical stretch induces characteristic morphological changes in the skin, the biological processes and molecular mechanisms involved in mechanically induced skin regeneration are not well elucidated. Methods: A male rat scalp expansion model was established and the important biological processes related to mechanical stretch-induced skin regeneration were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Analysis was also conducted by constructing a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, identifying key modules and hub genes, determining transcription factor (TF)-mRNA regulatory relationships, and confirming the expression pattern of the TFs and hub genes. Results: We identified nine robust hub genes (CXCL1, NEB, ACTN3, MYOZ1, ACTA1, TNNT3, PYGM, AMPD1, and CKM) that may serve as key molecules in skin growth. These genes were determined to be involved in several important biological processes, including keratinocyte differentiation, cytoskeleton reorganization, chemokine signaling pathway, glycogen metabolism, and voltage-gated ion channel activity. The potentially significant pathways, including the glucagon signaling pathway, the Wnt signaling pathway, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, were distinguished. In addition, we identified six TFs (LEF1, TCF7, HMGA1, TFAP2C, FOSL1, and ELF5) and constructed regulatory TF–mRNA interaction networks. Conclusion: This study generated a comprehensive overview of the gene networks underlying mechanically induced skin regeneration. The functions of these key genes and the pathways in which they participate may reveal new aspects of skin regeneration under mechanical strain. Furthermore, the identified TF regulators can be used as potential candidates for clinical therapeutics for skin pretreatment before reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoheng Xiong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xianjie Ma
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Orsmond A, Bereza-Malcolm L, Lynch T, March L, Xue M. Skin Barrier Dysregulation in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10841. [PMID: 34639182 PMCID: PMC8509518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin barrier is broadly composed of two elements-a physical barrier mostly localised in the epidermis, and an immune barrier localised in both the dermis and epidermis. These two systems interact cooperatively to maintain skin homeostasis and overall human health. However, if dysregulated, several skin diseases may arise. Psoriasis is one of the most prevalent skin diseases associated with disrupted barrier function. It is characterised by the formation of psoriatic lesions, the aberrant differentiation and proliferation of keratinocytes, and excessive inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in disease pathogenesis, including the contribution of keratinocytes, immune cells, genetic and environmental factors, and how they advance current and future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Orsmond
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.O.); (L.B.-M.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Lara Bereza-Malcolm
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.O.); (L.B.-M.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Tom Lynch
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Lyn March
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
| | - Meilang Xue
- Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (A.O.); (L.B.-M.)
- The Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (T.L.); (L.M.)
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27
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Cassimeris L, Armstrong C, Burger QC, Stokes S, van Eps A, Galantino-Homer H. Continuous digital hypothermia reduces expression of keratin 17 and 1L-17A inflammatory pathway mediators in equine laminitis induced by hyperinsulinemia. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 241:110326. [PMID: 34562796 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp model (EHC) of equine endocrinopathic laminitis induces rapid loss of lamellar tissue integrity, disrupts keratinocyte functions, and induces inflammation similar to natural disease. Continuous digital hypothermia (CDH) blocks tissue damage in this experimental model, allowing identification of specific genes or molecular pathways contributing to disease initiation or early progression. Archived lamellar tissues (8 horses, 48 h EHC treatment, including CDH-treated front limbs) were used to measure relative expression levels of genes encoding keratin 17 (KRT17), a stress-induced intermediate filament protein, and genes upregulated downstream of keratin 17 and/or interleukin 17A (IL-17A), as mediators of inflammation. Compared to front or hind limbs at ambient temperature, CDH resulted in significantly lower expression of KRT17, CCL2, CxCL8, PTGS2 (encoding COX2), IL6, TNFα, S100A8 and MMP1. By immunofluorescence, COX2 was robustly expressed in lamellar keratinocytes from ambient limbs, but not in CDH-treated limbs. Genes not significantly reduced by CDH were IL17A, DEFB4B, S100A9 and MMP9. Overall, 8 of 12 genes were expressed at lower levels in the CDH-treated limb. These 8 genes are expressed by wounded or stress-activated keratinocytes in human disease or mouse models, highlighting the role of keratinocytes in equine laminitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Cassimeris
- 111 Research Dr., Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
| | - Caitlin Armstrong
- 382 West Street Rd., Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Quinnlyn C Burger
- 111 Research Dr., Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Simon Stokes
- Australian Equine Laminitis Research Unit, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew van Eps
- 382 West Street Rd., Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
| | - Hannah Galantino-Homer
- 382 West Street Rd., Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, 19348, USA
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28
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Giantulli S, Tortorella E, Brasili F, Scarpa S, Cerroni B, Paradossi G, Bedini A, Morrone S, Silvestri I, Domenici F. Effect of 1-MHz ultrasound on the proinflammatory interleukin-6 secretion in human keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19033. [PMID: 34561481 PMCID: PMC8463532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes, the main cell type of the skin, are one of the most exposed cells to environmental factors, providing a first defence barrier for the host and actively participating in immune response. In fact, keratinocytes express pattern recognition receptors that interact with pathogen associated molecular patterns and damage associated molecular patterns, leading to the production of cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-6. Herein, we investigated whether mechanical energy transported by low intensity ultrasound (US) could generate a mechanical stress able to induce the release of inflammatory cytokine such IL-6 in the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. The extensive clinical application of US in both diagnosis and therapy suggests the need to better understand the related biological effects. Our results point out that US promotes the overexpression and secretion of IL-6, associated with the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, we observed a reduced cell viability dependent on exposure parameters together with alterations in membrane permeability, paving the way for further investigating the molecular mechanisms related to US exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Giantulli
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tortorella
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy ,grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brasili
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy ,grid.7841.aDepartment of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy ,grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Scarpa
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Cerroni
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaio Paradossi
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelico Bedini
- grid.425425.00000 0001 2218 2472INAIL, Italian Worker’s Compensation Authority, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Morrone
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Silvestri
- grid.7841.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Domenici
- grid.6530.00000 0001 2300 0941Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Ferrari D, Casciano F, Secchiero P, Reali E. Purinergic Signaling and Inflammasome Activation in Psoriasis Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179449. [PMID: 34502368 PMCID: PMC8430580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin associated with systemic and joint manifestations and accompanied by comorbidities, such as metabolic syndrome and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Psoriasis has a strong genetic basis, but exacerbation requires additional signals that are still largely unknown. The clinical manifestations involve the interplay between dendritic and T cells in the dermis to generate a self-sustaining inflammatory loop around the TNFα/IL-23/IL-17 axis that forms the psoriatic plaque. In addition, in recent years, a critical role of keratinocytes in establishing the interplay that leads to psoriatic plaques’ formation has re-emerged. In this review, we analyze the most recent evidence of the role of keratinocytes and danger associates molecular patterns, such as extracellular ATP in the generation of psoriatic skin lesions. Particular attention will be given to purinergic signaling in inflammasome activation and in the initiation of psoriasis. In this phase, keratinocytes’ inflammasome may trigger early inflammatory pathways involving IL-1β production, to elicit the subsequent cascade of events that leads to dendritic and T cell activation. Since psoriasis is likely triggered by skin-damaging events and trauma, we can envisage that intracellular ATP, released by damaged cells, may play a role in triggering the inflammatory response underlying the pathogenesis of the disease by activating the inflammasome. Therefore, purinergic signaling in the skin could represent a new and early step of psoriasis; thus, opening the possibility to target single molecular actors of the purinome to develop new psoriasis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Section of Microbiology and Applied Pathology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (P.S.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Eva Reali
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Okamoto T, Ogawa Y, Kinoshita M, Ihara T, Shimada S, Koizumi S, Kawamura T. Mechanical stretch-induced ATP release from keratinocytes triggers Koebner phenomenon in psoriasis. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:60-62. [PMID: 34187740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Youichi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Manao Kinoshita
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shinji Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Bozó R, Danis J, Flink LB, Vidács DL, Kemény L, Bata-Csörgő Z. Stress-Related Regulation Is Abnormal in the Psoriatic Uninvolved Skin. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070599. [PMID: 34201431 PMCID: PMC8303303 DOI: 10.3390/life11070599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte stress-response of the uninvolved psoriatic epidermis is known to be altered compared to healthy cells. Therefore, we aimed to reveal potential mechanisms underlying this alteration. We compared the expression of annotated cell-stress-related proteins between uninvolved psoriatic and healthy skin using the protein array method. Data were analyzed by the Reactome over-representation test. We found that p27/CDKN1B and cytochrome C showed at least a two-fold increase, while cyclooxygenase-2, indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1, serum paraoxonase 1, serum paraoxonase 3, serine-46-phosphorylated tumor protein p53, and superoxide-dismutase-2 showed a two-fold decrease in expression in the uninvolved skin. Over-representation analysis suggested the Forkhead-box protein O (FOXO)-mediated transcription as the most significant pathway affected by the differently expressed cell-stress-related proteins (DECSRPs). DECSRPs indicate increased FOXO-mediated transcription of cell-cycle genes and reduced interleukin-signaling in the psoriatic uninvolved skin. Nuclear positivity of the FOXO-signaling-related p27/CDKN1B and FOXO1 are negatively correlated with the disease severity and showed increased expression in the uninvolved epidermis and also in healthy primary keratinocytes, which were grown on cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-coated surfaces. Our results indicate a cell-cycle inhibitory process, as a stress-related compensatory mechanism in the uninvolved epidermis, that could be responsible for blocking keratinocyte hyperproliferation in the psoriatic uninvolved skin, thus maintaining the symptomless skin phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Bozó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.D.); (L.B.F.); (D.L.V.); (L.K.); (Z.B.-C.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-54-64-02
| | - Judit Danis
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.D.); (L.B.F.); (D.L.V.); (L.K.); (Z.B.-C.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lili Borbála Flink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.D.); (L.B.F.); (D.L.V.); (L.K.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Dániel László Vidács
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.D.); (L.B.F.); (D.L.V.); (L.K.); (Z.B.-C.)
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.D.); (L.B.F.); (D.L.V.); (L.K.); (Z.B.-C.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Bata-Csörgő
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.D.); (L.B.F.); (D.L.V.); (L.K.); (Z.B.-C.)
- HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Zeng J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Gao L, Tong X, Xie Y, Hu Q, Chen C, Ding S, Lu J. RPL22 Overexpression Promotes Psoriasis-Like Lesion by Inducing Keratinocytes Abnormal Biological Behavior. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699900. [PMID: 34220863 PMCID: PMC8250439 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Keratinocytes of psoriasis have anti-apoptotic properties including delayed apoptosis process, accelerated proliferation metabolism and postponed differentiation process. However, the specific mechanism leading to the abnormal biological behavior of keratinocytes remains unclear. Objectives We investigated the role of increased RPL22 expression in regulating the abnormal biological behavior of keratinocytes and the mechanism of regulation of RPL22 expression in skin lesions of psoriatic patients. Methods We examined clinical samples and utilized cytokine-induced cell and IMQ-treated mouse models. We determined the expression and functions of RPL22 in vitro and in vivo. Results We showed that RPL22 expression was significantly increased in the skin lesions of psoriasis patients and IMQ-treated psoriatic-like mice. Such increased expression is attributed to hyperacetylation of histone H3K27 in the promoter region of RPL22. Interestingly, overexpression of RPL22 enhanced keratinocyte proliferation by increasing cyclinD1 expression and accelerated CD4+T cells recruitment via upregulating CXCL10 expression. Finally, we demonstrated that RPL22 overexpression promoted psoriasiform phenotypes in IMQ-induced mouse skins. Conclusions These findings suggested that RPL22 regulates keratinocytes abnormal biological behavior and contributes to the development of psoriatic phenotypes. Thus, RPL22 might be a novel potential molecular target for treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanyi Zhang
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuezhong Zhang
- XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yajie Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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O’Shaughnessy EM, Duffy W, Garcia-Vega L, Hussey K, Burden AD, Zamiri M, Martin PE. Dysregulation of Connexin Expression Plays a Pivotal Role in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116060. [PMID: 34199748 PMCID: PMC8200029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting 2–3% of the population, is characterised by epidermal hyperplasia, a sustained pro-inflammatory immune response and is primarily a T-cell driven disease. Previous work determined that Connexin26 is upregulated in psoriatic tissue. This study extends these findings. Methods: Biopsies spanning psoriatic plaque (PP) and non-involved tissue (PN) were compared to normal controls (NN). RNA was isolated and subject to real-time PCR to determine gene expression profiles, including GJB2/CX26, GJB6/CX30 and GJA1/CX43. Protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated and used in 3D organotypic models. The pro-inflammatory status of fibroblasts and 3D cultures was assessed via ELISA and RnD cytokine arrays in the presence or absence of the connexin channel blocker Gap27. Results: Connexin26 expression is dramatically enhanced at both transcriptional and translational level in PP and PN tissue compared to NN (>100x). In contrast, CX43 gene expression is not affected, but the protein is post-translationally modified and accumulates in psoriatic tissue. Fibroblasts isolated from psoriatic patients had a higher inflammatory index than normal fibroblasts and drove normal keratinocytes to adopt a “psoriatic phenotype” in a 3D-organotypic model. Exposure of normal fibroblasts to the pro-inflammatory mediator peptidoglycan, isolated from Staphylococcus aureus enhanced cytokine release, an event protected by Gap27. Conclusion: dysregulation of the connexin26:43 expression profile in psoriatic tissue contributes to an imbalance of cellular events. Inhibition of connexin signalling reduces pro-inflammatory events and may hold therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. O’Shaughnessy
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.M.O.); (L.G.-V.)
| | - William Duffy
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock KA2 0BE, UK; (W.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Laura Garcia-Vega
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.M.O.); (L.G.-V.)
| | - Keith Hussey
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK;
| | - A. David Burden
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK;
| | - Mozheh Zamiri
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock KA2 0BE, UK; (W.D.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Patricia E. Martin
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (E.M.O.); (L.G.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-141-331-3726
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Daprá V, Ponti R, Lo Curcio G, Archetti M, Dini M, Gavatorta M, Quaglino P, Fierro MT, Bergallo M. Functional study of TNF-α promoter polymorphisms in psoriasis. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2021; 157:146-153. [PMID: 33982552 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.21.06979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-α is an important mediator in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and polymorphisms influence its transcription and could be implicated in psoriasis risk and modify certain aspects of disease, such as age at onset of psoriasis vulgaris and disease severity. Six TNF-α single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in promoter region has been identified and studied but with discordant results. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the polymorphisms in TNF-α (-238 (rs361525), -308 (rs1800629), -857 (rs1799724), -1031 (rs1799964)) are associated with gravity, prurity, early onset or response to drug therapy in psoriasis in Caucasian Italian patients. METHODS 58 psoriasis patients from Turin PSOCARE, 23 with psoriasis vulgaris and 35 with psoriatic arthritis were studied. Ready to used master mix for allelic discrimination of rs1800629, rs361525 and rs1799964 respectively. RESULTS Our data showed a significant association between the -857(G) variant and both VAS-itch (p=0,03) and VAS-pain index (p=0,006), OR=0,2 (0,04-0,98) and OR=0,12 (0,02-0,59). No significant association between the genotypes or alleles of TNF-α SNPs as been observed with other clinic-pathologic parameters or etanercept response. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that -857 CC genotype could be involved in pain and itch severity in psoriasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Daprá
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,BioMole srl, Academic Spin-off University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Renata Ponti
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giada Lo Curcio
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marialaura Archetti
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maddalena Dini
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Gavatorta
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bergallo
- Pediatric Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy - .,Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,BioMole srl, Academic Spin-off University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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35
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Yan Y, Zou H, Lian X, Yang L. Cyclic mechanical stimulation inhibits rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes proliferation via cell cycle arrest. J Biomech 2021; 121:110424. [PMID: 33873113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) has been the main cause of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial hyperplasia. Our previous study confirmed that the cyclic mechanical stimulation (CMS) inhibited the proliferation of RA FLSs, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate these underlying mechanisms. The in vitro cultured human RA FLSs were subjected to CMS (6%, 1.0 Hz). Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK-2 and p27 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). MTS assay was used to detect cell viability. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in RA FLSs were detected by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The results showed that CMS significantly inhibited the cell cycle transformation of RA FLSs from G1 phase to S phase, which significantly decreased the cell proliferation index. Meanwhile, both cyclin E1 and CDK-2 gene expressions were significantly decreased, p27 gene expression was increased, and no significant change was observed in the expression of cyclin D1. The inhibition of COX-2/PGE2 pathway in RA FLSs by celecoxib treatment showed no effect on the inhibition of RA FLSs proliferation by CMS. In conclusion, CMS inhibited the proliferation of RA FLSs by modulating the expression of cell cycle-related molecules such as cyclin E1, CDK2 and p27 to arrest cell cycle transformation, which is independent of COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, PR China
| | - Huiru Zou
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Lian
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin 300041, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China.
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36
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Jin X, Rosenbohm J, Kim E, Esfahani AM, Seiffert-Sinha K, Wahl JK, Lim JY, Sinha AA, Yang R. Modulation of Mechanical Stress Mitigates Anti-Dsg3 Antibody-Induced Dissociation of Cell-Cell Adhesion. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000159. [PMID: 33724731 PMCID: PMC7993752 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly clear that mechanical stress in adhesive junctions plays a significant role in dictating the fate of cell-cell attachment under physiological conditions. Targeted disruption of cell-cell junctions leads to multiple pathological conditions, among them the life-threatening autoimmune blistering disease pemphigus vulgaris (PV). The dissociation of cell-cell junctions by autoantibodies is the hallmark of PV, however, the detailed mechanisms that result in tissue destruction remain unclear. Thus far, research and therapy in PV have focused primarily on immune mechanisms upstream of autoantibody binding, while the biophysical aspects of the cell-cell dissociation process leading to acantholysis are less well studied. In work aimed at illuminating the cellular consequences of autoantibody attachment, it is reported that externally applied mechanical stress mitigates antibody-induced monolayer fragmentation and inhibits p38 MAPK phosphorylation activated by anti-Dsg3 antibody. Further, it is demonstrated that mechanical stress applied externally to cell monolayers enhances cell contractility via RhoA activation and promotes the strengthening of cortical actin, which ultimately mitigates antibody-induced cell-cell dissociation. The study elevates understanding of the mechanism of acantholysis in PV and shifts the paradigm of PV disease development from a focus solely on immune pathways to highlight the key role of physical transformations at the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Jordan Rosenbohm
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Amir Monemian Esfahani
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | | | - James K Wahl
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Jung Yul Lim
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Animesh A Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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37
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Jiang Y, Tsoi LC, Billi AC, Ward NL, Harms PW, Zeng C, Maverakis E, Kahlenberg JM, Gudjonsson JE. Cytokinocytes: the diverse contribution of keratinocytes to immune responses in skin. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142067. [PMID: 33055429 PMCID: PMC7605526 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as the primary interface between our body and the external environment and acts as a barrier against entry of physical agents, chemicals, and microbes. Keratinocytes make up the main cellular constitute of the outermost layer of the skin, contributing to the formation of the epidermis, and they are crucial for maintaining the integrity of this barrier. Beyond serving as a physical barrier component, keratinocytes actively participate in maintaining tissue homeostasis, shaping, amplifying, and regulating immune responses in skin. Keratinocytes act as sentinels, continuously monitoring changes in the environment, and, through microbial sensing, stretch, or other physical stimuli, can initiate a broad range of inflammatory responses via secretion of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. This diverse function of keratinocytes contributes to the highly variable clinical manifestation of skin immune responses. In this Review, we highlight the highly diverse functions of epidermal keratinocytes and their contribution to various immune-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison C Billi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole L Ward
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul W Harms
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA.,A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Michigan, USA
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, Michigan, USA
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38
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Transcriptome Profiling Analyses in Psoriasis: A Dynamic Contribution of Keratinocytes to the Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101155. [PMID: 33007857 PMCID: PMC7600703 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease with a complex etiology involving environmental and genetic factors. A better insight into related genomic alteration helps design precise therapies leading to better treatment outcome. Gene expression in psoriasis can provide relevant information about the altered expression of mRNA transcripts, thus giving new insights into the disease onset. Techniques for transcriptome analyses, such as microarray and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), are relevant tools for the discovery of new biomarkers as well as new therapeutic targets. This review summarizes the findings related to the contribution of keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis by an in-depth review of studies that have examined psoriatic transcriptomes in the past years. It also provides valuable information on reconstructed 3D psoriatic skin models using cells isolated from psoriatic patients for transcriptomic studies.
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39
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Takahashi T, Yamasaki K. Psoriasis and Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186791. [PMID: 32947991 PMCID: PMC7555190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic inflammatory disease caused by crosstalk between various cells such as T cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and keratinocytes. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as β-defensin, S100, and cathelicidin are secreted from these cells and activate the innate immune system through various mechanisms to induce inflammation, thus participating in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. In particular, these antimicrobial peptides enhance the binding of damage-associated molecular patterns such as self-DNA and self-RNA to their receptors and promote the secretion of interferon from activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and keratinocytes to promote inflammation in psoriasis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), complexes of self-DNA and proteins including LL-37 released from neutrophils in psoriatic skin, induce Th17. Activated myeloid dendritic cells secrete a mass of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-23 in psoriasis, which is indispensable for the proliferation and survival of T cells that produce IL-17. AMPs enhance the production of some of Th17 and Th1 cytokines and modulate receptors and cellular signaling in psoriasis. Inflammation induced by DAMPs, including self-DNA and RNA released due to microinjuries or scratches, and the enhanced recognition of DAMPs by AMPs, may be involved in the mechanism underlying the Köbner phenomenon in psoriasis.
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40
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Ni X, Lai Y. Keratinocyte: A trigger or an executor of psoriasis? J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:485-491. [PMID: 32170886 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5mr0120-439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal proliferation/differentiation of keratinocytes and excessive immune cell infiltration in the dermis and epidermis. Over the past 2 decades, immune cells have been considered as the main driver of psoriasis because the neutralizing antibodies targeting the IL-23/IL-17 axis that regulates cross-talk between dendritic cells and T cells achieve tremendous success in the treatment of psoriasis. However, whether keratinocyte would be a driver of psoriasis or just an executor in response to immune cells is still under debate. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the identification of keratinocyte as a trigger of psoriasis, summarize on the role of keratinocytes in self-perpetuating loop to maintain inflammation in psoriasis, and then discuss the possible roles of keratinocytes in the relapse of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Zhu Z, Chen J, Lin Y, Zhang C, Li W, Qiao H, Fu M, Dang E, Wang G. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Cutaneous Vascular Endothelial Cells Restricts Psoriasis Development by Negatively Regulating Neutrophil Recruitment. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:1233-1243.e9. [PMID: 31899186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (VECs) that line the interiors of blood vessels participate in physiological and inflammatory processes. All skin cell types express the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the role of the cutaneous VEC AhR in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains elusive. In the present study, we found that AhR protein expression and activation were downregulated in psoriatic VECs. Furthermore, cutaneous VEC-specific AhR-knockout (AhRcVECs-KO) mice were established. Using imiquimod and IL-23-induced psoriasis models, we found that skin inflammation was exacerbated with excessive neutrophil recruitment in AhRcVECs-KO mice. Furthermore, neutrophil neutralization alleviates exacerbated inflammation in imiquimod-treated AhRcVECs-KO mice. In addition, cutaneous VECs in AhRcVECs-KO mice exhibited increased dilation and activation compared with those in control mice. Finally, AhR-deficient microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines showed increased ICAM-1 expression in vivo and in vitro, which may have facilitated neutrophil recruitment. In summary, our study demonstrates that AhR in dermal VECs restricts psoriasis development by negatively regulating neutrophil recruitment, thereby providing insight into the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlai Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaoling Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Current affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Qiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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42
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Uitto J, Lu Q, Wang G. Meeting Report of the 4th Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society for Investigative Dermatology: Reflections on the Rise of Cutaneous Biology Research in China. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:729-732.e4. [PMID: 31862384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology and the Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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43
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Li Q, Fang H, Dang E, Wang G. The role of ceramides in skin homeostasis and inflammatory skin diseases. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 97:2-8. [PMID: 31866207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides, members of sphingolipid family, are not only the building blocks of epidermal barrier structure, but also bioactive metabolites involved in epidermal self-renewal and immune regulation. Hence, abnormal ceramide expression profile is recognized to defect extracellular lipid organization, disturb epidermal self-renewal, exacerbate skin immune response and actively participate in progression of several inflammatory dermatoses, exemplifying by psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding skin ceramides and their regulatory roles in skin homeostasis and pathogenic roles of altered ceramide metabolism in inflammatory skin diseases. These insights provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in inflammatory dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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