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Beutgen VM, Shinkevich V, Pörschke J, Meena C, Steitz AM, Pogge von Strandmann E, Graumann J, Gómez-Serrano M. Secretome analysis using Affinity Proteomics and Immunoassays: a focus on Tumor Biology. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024:100830. [PMID: 39147028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of the cellular secretome using proteomic techniques continues to capture the attention of the research community across a broad range of topics in biomedical research. Due to their untargeted nature, independence from the model system employed, historically superior depth of analysis, as well as comparative affordability, mass spectrometry-based approaches traditionally dominate such analyses. More recently, however, affinity-based proteomic assays have massively gained in analytical depth, which together with their high sensitivity, dynamic range coverage as well as high throughput capabilities render them exquisitely suited to secretome analysis. In this review, we revisit the analytical challenges implied by secretomics and provide an overview of affinity-based proteomic platforms currently available for such analyses, using the study of the tumor secretome as an example for basic and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Beutgen
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Veronika Shinkevich
- Institute of Pharmacology, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Pörschke
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Celina Meena
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna M Steitz
- Translational Oncology Group, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elke Pogge von Strandmann
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Institute of Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany; Core Facility Translational Proteomics, Biochemical/Pharmacological Centre, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - María Gómez-Serrano
- Institute for Tumor Immunology, Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
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2
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Lista S, Mapstone M, Caraci F, Emanuele E, López-Ortiz S, Martín-Hernández J, Triaca V, Imbimbo C, Gabelle A, Mielke MM, Nisticò R, Santos-Lozano A, Imbimbo BP. A critical appraisal of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102290. [PMID: 38580173 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Biomarkers that predict the clinical onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) enable the identification of individuals in the early, preclinical stages of the disease. Detecting AD at this point may allow for more effective therapeutic interventions and optimized enrollment for clinical trials of novel drugs. The current biological diagnosis of AD is based on the AT(N) classification system with the measurement of brain deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) ("A"), tau pathology ("T"), and neurodegeneration ("N"). Diagnostic cut-offs for Aβ1-42, the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, tau and hyperphosphorylated-tau concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid have been defined and may support AD clinical diagnosis. Blood-based biomarkers of the AT(N) categories have been described in the AD continuum. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that the combination of blood biomarkers tracking neuroaxonal injury (neurofilament light chain) and neuroinflammatory pathways (glial fibrillary acidic protein) enhance sensitivity and specificity of AD clinical diagnosis and improve the prediction of AD onset. However, no international accepted cut-offs have been identified for these blood biomarkers. A kit for blood Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 is commercially available in the U.S.; however, it does not provide a diagnosis, but simply estimates the risk of developing AD. Although blood-based AD biomarkers have a great potential in the diagnostic work-up of AD, they are not ready for the routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy; Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina 94018, Italy.
| | | | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain.
| | - Viviana Triaca
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Rome 00015, Italy.
| | - Camillo Imbimbo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Resources and Research Center, Montpellier University of Excellence i-site, Montpellier 34295, France.
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
| | - Robert Nisticò
- School of Pharmacy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy; Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy.
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Valladolid 47012, Spain; Physical Activity and Health Research Group (PaHerg), Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12'), Madrid 28041, Spain.
| | - Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma 43122, Italy.
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3
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Gong F, Tan Z, Shan X, Yang Y, Tian S, Zhou F, Ji X, He Z. A Facile Strategy for Multiplex Protein Detection by a Fluorescent Microsphere-Based Digital Immunoassay. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3517-3524. [PMID: 38358834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The digital immunoassay is a highly sensitive detection technique based on single-molecule counting and is widely used in the ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers. Herein, we developed a fluorescent microsphere-based digital immunoassay (FMDIA) by employing fluorescent microspheres as both the carriers for immunoreaction and fluorescent reports for imaging. In this approach, the target protein in the sample was captured by fluorescent microspheres to form a biotin-labeled sandwich immunocomplex, and then, the fluorescent microspheres containing the target protein molecules were captured by adding streptavidin-coated magnetic beads (SA-MBs). By counting the proportion of fluorescence-positive magnetic beads, the concentration of the target protein can be precisely quantified. As a proof of concept, α fetoprotein (AFP) and human interleukin-6 (IL-6) were used to assess the analytical performance of the proposed FMDIA, and limit of detection (LOD) values of 21 pg/mL (0.30 pM) and 0.19 pg/mL (7.3 fM) were achieved, respectively. The results of AFP detection in serum samples of patients and healthy people were consistent with the reference values given by the hospital. Furthermore, by adding fluorescent microspheres of various colors for encoding, the proposed FMDIA can easily realize the simultaneous detection of multiple proteins without the need to introduce multiple modified magnetic beads. This multiplex protein detection strategy, in which the reactions are first carried out on the fluorescent microspheres and then magnetic beads are used to capture the fluorescent reporters containing the target molecules, provides a new idea for digital assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiyou Tan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yixia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Songbai Tian
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinghu Ji
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhike He
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Colmant L, Boyer E, Gerard T, Sleegers K, Lhommel R, Ivanoiu A, Lefèvre P, Kienlen-Campard P, Hanseeuw B. Definition of a Threshold for the Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 Ratio Measured by Single-Molecule Array to Predict the Amyloid Status of Individuals without Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1173. [PMID: 38256246 PMCID: PMC10816992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain. Aβ plaques precede cognitive impairments and can be detected through amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) or in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Assessing the plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio seems promising for non-invasive and cost-effective detection of brain Aβ accumulation. This approach involves some challenges, including the accuracy of blood-based biomarker measurements and the establishment of clear, standardized thresholds to categorize the risk of developing brain amyloid pathology. Plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio was measured in 277 volunteers without dementia, 70 AD patients and 18 non-AD patients using single-molecule array. Patients (n = 88) and some volunteers (n = 66) were subject to evaluation of amyloid status by CSF Aβ quantification or PET analysis. Thresholds of plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio were determined based on a Gaussian mixture model, a decision tree, and the Youden's index. The 0.0472 threshold, the one with the highest sensitivity, was retained for general population without dementia screening, and the 0.0450 threshold was retained for research and clinical trials recruitment, aiming to minimize the need for CSF or PET analyses to identify amyloid-positive individuals. These findings offer a promising step towards a cost-effective method for identifying individuals at risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Colmant
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emilien Boyer
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Thomas Gerard
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Complex Genetics of Alzheimer’s Disease Group, VIB-UAntwerp Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerpen, Belgium;
| | - Renaud Lhommel
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Adrian Ivanoiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, UCLouvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Pascal Kienlen-Campard
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
| | - Bernard Hanseeuw
- Institute of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (L.C.); (E.B.); (T.G.); (P.L.); (P.K.-C.)
- Neurology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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5
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Zhu Y. Plasma/Serum Proteomics based on Mass Spectrometry. Protein Pept Lett 2024; 31:192-208. [PMID: 38869039 PMCID: PMC11165715 DOI: 10.2174/0109298665286952240212053723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Human blood is a window of physiology and disease. Examination of biomarkers in blood is a common clinical procedure, which can be informative in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, and in evaluating treatment effectiveness. There is still a huge demand on new blood biomarkers and assays for precision medicine nowadays, therefore plasma/serum proteomics has attracted increasing attention in recent years. How to effectively proceed with the biomarker discovery and clinical diagnostic assay development is a question raised to researchers who are interested in this area. In this review, we comprehensively introduce the background and advancement of technologies for blood proteomics, with a focus on mass spectrometry (MS). Analyzing existing blood biomarkers and newly-built diagnostic assays based on MS can shed light on developing new biomarkers and analytical methods. We summarize various protein analytes in plasma/serum which include total proteome, protein post-translational modifications, and extracellular vesicles, focusing on their corresponding sample preparation methods for MS analysis. We propose screening multiple protein analytes in the same set of blood samples in order to increase success rate for biomarker discovery. We also review the trends of MS techniques for blood tests including sample preparation automation, and further provide our perspectives on their future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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6
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Yasuura M, Tan ZL, Horiguchi Y, Ashiba H, Fukuda T. Improvement of Sensitivity and Speed of Virus Sensing Technologies Using nm- and μm-Scale Components. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6830. [PMID: 37571612 PMCID: PMC10422600 DOI: 10.3390/s23156830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Various viral diseases can be widespread and cause severe disruption to global society. Highly sensitive virus detection methods are needed to take effective measures to prevent the spread of viral infection. This required the development of rapid virus detection technology to detect viruses at low concentrations, even in the biological fluid of patients in the early stages of the disease or environmental samples. This review describes an overview of various virus detection technologies and then refers to typical technologies such as beads-based assay, digital assay, and pore-based sensing, which are the three modern approaches to improve the performance of viral sensing in terms of speed and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Yasuura
- Sensing System Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan; (Z.L.T.); (Y.H.); (H.A.); (T.F.)
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7
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Zhang J, Wiener AD, Meyer RE, Kan CW, Rissin DM, Kolluru B, George C, Tobos CI, Shan D, Duffy DC. Improving the Accuracy, Robustness, and Dynamic Range of Digital Bead Assays. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37229528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report methods that improve the quantification of digital bead assays (DBA)─such as the digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)─that have found widespread use for high sensitivity measurement of proteins in clinical research and diagnostics. In digital ELISA, proteins are captured on beads, labeled with enzymes, individual beads are interrogated for activity from one or more enzymes, and the average number of enzymes per bead (AEB) is determined based on Poisson statistics. The widespread use of digital ELISA has revealed limitations to the original approaches to quantification that can lead to inaccurate AEB. Here, we have addressed the inaccuracy in AEB due to deviations from Poisson distribution in a digital ELISA for Aβ-40 by changing the AEB calculation from a fixed threshold between digital counting and average normalized intensity to a smooth, continuous combination of digital counting and intensity. We addressed issues with determining the average product fluorescence intensity from single enzymes on beads by allowing outlier, high intensity arrays to be removed from average intensities, and by permitting the use of a wider range of arrays. These approaches improved the accuracy of a digital ELISA for tau protein that was affected by aggregated detection antibodies. We increased the dynamic range of a digital ELISA for IL-17A from AEB ∼25 to ∼130 by combining long and short exposure images at the product emission wavelength to create virtual images. The methods reported will significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of DBA based on imaging─such as single molecule arrays (Simoa)─and flow detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zhang
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Alexander D Wiener
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Raymond E Meyer
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Cheuk W Kan
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - David M Rissin
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Bharathi Kolluru
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Christopher George
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Carmen I Tobos
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Dandan Shan
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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8
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Abstract
There has been a recent surge of advances in biomolecular assays based on the measurement of discrete molecular targets as opposed to signals averaged across molecular ensembles. Many of these "digital" assay designs derive from now-mature technologies involving single-molecule imaging and microfluidics and provide an assortment of new modalities to quantify nucleic acids and proteins in biospecimens such as blood and tissue homogenates. A primary new benefit is the robust detection of trace analytes at attomolar to femtomolar concentrations for which many ensemble assays cannot distinguish signals above noise levels. In addition, multiple biomolecules can be differentiated within a mixture using optical barcodes, with much faster and simpler readouts compared with sequencing methods. In ideal digital assays, signals should, in theory, further represent absolute molecular counts, rather than relative levels, eliminating the need for calibration standards that are the mainstay of typical assays. Several digital assay platforms have now been commercialized but challenges hinder the adoption and diversification of these new formats, as there are broad needs to balance sensitivity and dynamic range of detection, increase analyte multiplexing, improve sample throughput, and reduce cost. Our lab and others have developed technologies to address these challenges by redesigning molecular probes and labels, improving molecular transport within detection focal volumes, and applying solution-based readout methods in flow.This Account describes the principles, formats, and design constraints of digital biomolecular assays that apply optical labels toward the goal of simple and routine target counting that may ultimately approach absolute readout standards. The primary challenges can be understood from fundamental concepts in thermodynamics and kinetics of association reactions, mass transport, and discrete statistics. Major advances include (1) new inorganic nanocrystal probes for more robust counting compared with dyes, (2) diverse molecular amplification tools that endow attachment of numerous labels to single targets, (3) specialized surfaces with patterned features for electromagnetic coupling to labels for signal amplification, (4) surface capture enhancement methods to concentrate targets through disruption of diffusion depletion zones, and (5) flow counting in which analytes are rapidly counted in solution without pull-down to a surface. Further progress and integration of these tools for biomolecular counting could improve the precision of laboratory measurements in life sciences research and benefit clinical diagnostic assays for low abundance biomarkers in limiting biospecimen volumes that are out of reach of traditional ensemble-level bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Kuo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Andrew M Smith
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Park J, Park M, Kim J, Heo Y, Han BH, Choi N, Park C, Lee R, Lee DG, Chung S, Kang JY. Beads- and oil-free single molecule assay with immuno-rolling circle amplification for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 232:115316. [PMID: 37079990 PMCID: PMC10101489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Digital enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can be used to detect various antigens such as spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2, with much higher sensitivity compared to that achievable using conventional antigen tests. However, the use of microbeads and oil for compartmentalization in these assays limits their user-friendliness and causes loss of assay information due to the loss of beads during the process. To improve the sensitivity of antigen test, here, we developed an oil- and bead-free single molecule counting assay, with rolling circle amplification (RCA) on a substrate. With RCA, the signal is localized at the captured region of an antigen, and the signal from a single antigen molecule can be visualized using the same immune-reaction procedures as in the conventional ELISA. Substrate-based single molecule assay was theoretically evaluated for kd value, and the concentration of capture and detection antibodies. As a feasibility test, biotin-conjugated primer and mouse IgG conjugates were detected even at femto-molar concentrations with this digital immuno-RCA. Using this method, we detected the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 with a limit of detection less than 1 pg/mL more than 100-fold improvement compared to the detection using conventional ELISA. Furthermore, testing of saliva samples from COVID-19 patients and healthy controls (n = 50) indicated the applicability of the proposed method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 with 99.5% specificity and 90.9% sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhwan Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junbeom Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Youhee Heo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hoon Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Park
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 16591, Republic of Korea
| | - Raeseok Lee
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 16591, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 16591, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Vaccine Bio Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 16591, Republic of Korea; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 16591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Abstract
This paper reviews methods for detecting proteins based on molecular digitization, i.e., the isolation and detection of single protein molecules or singulated ensembles of protein molecules. The single molecule resolution of these methods has resulted in significant improvements in the sensitivity of immunoassays beyond what was possible using traditional "analog" methods: the sensitivity of some digital immunoassays approach those of methods for measuring nucleic acids, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The greater sensitivity of digital protein detection has resulted in immuno-diagnostics with high potential societal impact, e.g., the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's Disease. In this review, we will first provide the motivation for developing digital protein detection methods given the limitations in the sensitivity of analog methods. We will describe the paradigm shift catalyzed by single molecule detection, and will describe in detail one digital approach - which we call digital bead assays (DBA) - based on the capture and labeling of proteins on beads, identifying "on" and "off" beads, and quantification using Poisson statistics. DBA based on the single molecule array (Simoa) technology have sensitivities down to attomolar concentrations, equating to ∼10 proteins in a 200 μL sample. We will describe the concept behind DBA, the different single molecule labels used, the ways of analyzing beads (imaging of arrays and flow), the binding reagents and substrates used, and integration of these technologies into fully automated and miniaturized systems. We provide an overview of emerging approaches to digital protein detection, including those based on digital detection of nucleic acids labels, single nanoparticle detection, measurements using nanopores, and methods that exploit the kinetics of single molecule binding. We outline the initial impact of digital protein detection on clinical measurements, highlighting the importance of customized assay development and translational clinical research. We highlight the use of DBA in the measurement of neurological protein biomarkers in blood, and how these higher sensitivity methods are changing the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. We conclude by summarizing the status of digital protein detection and suggest how the lab-on-a-chip community might drive future innovations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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11
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Hirtz C, Busto GU, Bennys K, Kindermans J, Navucet S, Tiers L, Lista S, Vialaret J, Gutierrez LA, Dauvilliers Y, Berr C, Lehmann S, Gabelle A. Comparison of ultrasensitive and mass spectrometry quantification of blood-based amyloid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in a memory clinic cohort. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:34. [PMID: 36800984 PMCID: PMC9938625 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder with β-amyloid pathology as a key underlying process. The relevance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain imaging biomarkers is validated in clinical practice for early diagnosis. Yet, their cost and perceived invasiveness are a limitation for large-scale implementation. Based on positive amyloid profiles, blood-based biomarkers should allow to detect people at risk for AD and to monitor patients under therapeutics strategies. Thanks to the recent development of innovative proteomic tools, the sensibility and specificity of blood biomarkers have been considerably improved. However, their diagnosis and prognosis relevance for daily clinical practice is still incomplete. METHODS The Plasmaboost study included 184 participants from the Montpellier's hospital NeuroCognition Biobank with AD (n = 73), mild cognitive impairments (MCI) (n = 32), subjective cognitive impairments (SCI) (n = 12), other neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) (n = 31), and other neurological disorders (OND) (n = 36). Dosage of β-amyloid biomarkers was performed on plasma samples using immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IPMS) developed by Shimadzu (IPMS-Shim Aβ42, Aβ40, APP669-711) and Simoa Human Neurology 3-PLEX A assay (Aβ42, Aβ40, t-tau). Links between those biomarkers and demographical and clinical data and CSF AD biomarkers were investigated. Performances of the two technologies to discriminate clinically or biologically based (using the AT(N) framework) diagnosis of AD were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. RESULTS The amyloid IPMS-Shim composite biomarker (combining APP669-711/Aβ42 and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratios) discriminated AD from SCI (AUC: 0.91), OND (0.89), and NDD (0.81). The IPMS-Shim Aβ42/40 ratio also discriminated AD from MCI (0.78). IPMS-Shim biomarkers have similar relevance to discriminate between amyloid-positive and amyloid-negative individuals (0.73 and 0.76 respectively) and A-T-N-/A+T+N+ profiles (0.83 and 0.85). Performances of the Simoa 3-PLEX Aβ42/40 ratio were more modest. Pilot longitudinal analysis on the progression of plasma biomarkers indicates that IPMS-Shim can detect the decrease in plasma Aβ42 that is specific to AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the potential usefulness of amyloid plasma biomarkers, especially the IPMS-Shim technology, as a screening tool for early AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Hirtz
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XUniversity of Montpellier, IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Germain U. Busto
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XResource and Research Memory Center (CMRR), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000 Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Karim Bennys
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XResource and Research Memory Center (CMRR), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jana Kindermans
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XUniversity of Montpellier, IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Navucet
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XResource and Research Memory Center (CMRR), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Tiers
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XUniversity of Montpellier, IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Simone Lista
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XResource and Research Memory Center (CMRR), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Vialaret
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XUniversity of Montpellier, IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure-Anne Gutierrez
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Sleep and Wake Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- University of Montpellier, IRMB-PPC, INM, CHU Montpellier, INSERM CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XResource and Research Memory Center (CMRR), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34000 Montpellier, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier (INM), Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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Kuang X, Wei L, Huang Y, Ji M, Tang Y, Wei B, Yang S, Lai D, Xu H. Development of a digital anti-Müllerian hormone immunoassay: ultrasensitive, accurate and practical strategy for reduced ovarian reserve monitoring and assessment. Talanta 2023; 253:123970. [PMID: 36206626 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is an ideal biomarker for the assessment of ovarian reserve. However, its application in determining ovarian reserve reduction is restricted due to the low sensitivity of existing AMH assays. Herein, a homebrew ultrasensitive digital AMH assay (UD-AMH) was established based on a single-molecule array (SiMoA, HD-X platform), and the analytical performance of UD-AMH was evaluated systematically. The limit of detection (LoD) and limit of quantitation (LoQ) of UD-AMH were 0.13 and 0.14 pg/mL, respectively, which is approximately 100-fold higher than that of the current reported general clinical AMH assay. A comparison study showed a high correlation, with r = 0.988 for the Beckman Access AMH assay and r = 0.945 for the Kangrun AMH assay. In addition, we found that the AMH concentrations of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients were very low (2.59 (0.86, 31.79) pg/mL) and similar to those of perimenopausal women (2.37 (0.65, 35.88) pg/mL) but significantly higher than those of menopausal women (0.43 (0.28, 1.17) pg/mL). Furthermore, we observed that the AMH concentration of most hormone therapy (HT) treated POI patients decreased sharply, suggesting that the ovarian reserve of POI patients declines over time even under HT-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Kuang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Liutong Wei
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanxin Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ji
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhe Tang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Wei
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Lai
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Lu S, Mattox AK, Aitana Azurmendi P, Christodoulou I, Wright KM, Popoli M, Chen Z, Sur S, Li Y, Bonifant CL, Bettegowda C, Papadopoulos N, Zhou S, Gabelli SB, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW. The rapid and highly parallel identification of antibodies with defined biological activities by SLISY. Nat Commun 2023; 14:17. [PMID: 36596784 PMCID: PMC9808734 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic applications of antibodies are manifold and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 provides a cogent example of the value of rapidly identifying biologically active antibodies. We describe an approach called SLISY (Sequencing-Linked ImmunoSorbent assaY) that in a single experiment can assess the binding specificity of millions of clones, be applied to any screen that links DNA sequence to a potential binding moiety, and requires only a single round of biopanning. We demonstrate this approach using an scFv library applied to cellular and protein targets to identify specific or broadly reacting antibodies. For a cellular target, we use paired HLA knockout cell lines to identify a panel of antibodies specific to HLA-A3. For a protein target, SLISY identifies 1279 clones that bound to the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with >40% of tested clones also neutralizing its interaction with ACE2 in in vitro assays. Using a multi-comparison SLISY against the Beta, Gamma, and Delta variants, we recovered clones that exhibited broad-spectrum neutralizing potential in vitro. By evaluating millions of scFvs simultaneously against multiple targets, SLISY allows the rapid identification of candidate scFvs with defined binding profiles facilitating the identification of antibodies with the desired biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Lu
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Austin K Mattox
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - P Aitana Azurmendi
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Ilias Christodoulou
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Katharine M Wright
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Maria Popoli
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Zan Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Surojit Sur
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Yana Li
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Challice L Bonifant
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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14
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From protein biomarkers to proteomics in dementia with Lewy Bodies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101771. [PMID: 36328346 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia. Despite considerable research progress, there remain gaps in our understanding of the pathophysiology and there is no disease-modifying treatment. Proteomics is a powerful tool to elucidate complex biological pathways across heterogenous conditions. This review summarizes the widely used proteomic methods and presents evidence for protein dysregulation in the brain and peripheral tissues in DLB. Proteomics of post-mortem brain tissue shows that DLB shares common features with other dementias, such as synaptic dysfunction, but retains a unique protein signature. Promising diagnostic biomarkers are being identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, and peripheral tissues, such as serum Heart-type fatty acid binding protein. Research is needed to track these changes from the prodromal stage to established dementia, with standardized workflows to ensure replicability. Identifying novel protein targets in causative biological pathways could lead to the development of new targeted therapeutics or the stratification of participants for clinical trials.
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Panikkar D, Vivek S, Crimmins E, Faul J, Langa KM, Thyagarajan B. Pre-Analytical Variables Influencing Stability of Blood-Based Biomarkers of Neuropathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:735-748. [PMID: 37574735 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sample collection and preanalytical protocols may significantly impact the results of large-scale epidemiological studies incorporating blood-based biomarkers of neuropathology. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the stability and assay variability of several blood-based biomarkers of neuropathology for common preanalytical conditions. METHODS We collected serum and plasma samples from 41 participants and evaluated the effect of processing delay of up to 72 h when stored at 4∘C, three freeze-thaw cycles, and a combination of 48-h processing delay when stored at 4∘C and three freeze-thaw cycles on biomarker stability. Using the Simoa assay (Quanterix Inc.), we measured amyloid-β 40 (Aβ40), amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau-181). RESULTS We found that Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels significantly decreased after a 24-h processing delay in both plasma and serum samples, and a single freeze-thaw cycle (p < 0.0001). Nevertheless, serum Aβ42/40 ratio remained stable with a processing delay up to 48 h while plasma Aβ42/40 ratio showed only small but significant increase with a delay up to 72 h. Both plasma and serum GFAP and NfL levels were only modestly affected by processing delay and freeze-thaw cycles. Plasma p-tau-181 levels notably increased with a 24-, 48-, and 72-h processing delay, but remained stable in serum. Intra-individual variation over two weeks was minimal for all biomarkers and their levels were substantially lower in serum when compared with plasma. CONCLUSION These results suggest that standardizing preanalytical variables will allow robust measurements of biomarkers of neuropathology in population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Panikkar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sithara Vivek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eileen Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Faul
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wei Y, Ren Z, Liu C, Jiang T, Wang R, Shi C, Liu C. All-fiber biological detection microfluidic chip based on space division and wavelength division multiplexing technologies. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4501-4510. [PMID: 36305279 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00681b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To further reduce the size of a microfluidic detection chip and the sample consumption and to shorten the chip manufacturing cycle, an all-fiber SPR detection multichannel microfluidic chip was proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The microfluidic channel of the proposed chip was provided by the air channel of a double side-hole fiber, the detection unit was fabricated using a dumbbell fiber with a fiber core exposed to air, and the sensing probe was composed and packaged by fiber micro-processing technology. The internal double channels of the fiber constructed from double side-hole and dumbbell fibers can realize dual channel detection based on space division multiplexing. 30 nm silver and 50 nm gold films were respectively coated on the left and right sides of the dumbbell fiber, which can realize the dual channel simultaneous detection based on wavelength division multiplexing. We employed the proposed microfluidic chip to detect immunoglobulin G and dopamine molecules, where the average sensitivity is 0.252 nm (mg mL-1)-1 and 0.061 nm (μg mL-1)-1, and the LOD is 0.397 mg mL-1 and 1.639 μg mL-1, respectively. The microfluidic channel and detection unit of all-fiber multi-channel SPR detection microfluidic chip are provided by a soft and flexible fiber, which is compact in structure, flexible in fabrication and short in manufacturing cycle, making it possible for the microfluidic chip to enter the human body for detection and enabling a new approach for the fabrication of wearable detection microfluidic devices. This provides a new idea for the development of microfluidic chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Zhuo Ren
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Chunlan Liu
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Tianci Jiang
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Chen Shi
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
| | - Chunbiao Liu
- College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China.
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Hariri AA, Newman SS, Tan S, Mamerow D, Adams AM, Maganzini N, Zhong BL, Eisenstein M, Dunn AR, Soh HT. Improved immunoassay sensitivity and specificity using single-molecule colocalization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5359. [PMID: 36097164 PMCID: PMC9468026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are a cornerstone of modern molecular detection, but the technique still faces notable challenges. One of the biggest problems is discriminating true signal generated by target molecules versus non-specific background. Here, we developed a Single-Molecule Colocalization Assay (SiMCA) that overcomes this problem by employing total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to quantify target proteins based on the colocalization of fluorescent signal from orthogonally labeled capture and detection antibodies. By specifically counting colocalized signals, we can eliminate the effects of background produced by non-specific binding of detection antibodies. Using TNF-α, we show that SiMCA achieves a three-fold lower limit of detection compared to conventional single-color assays and exhibits consistent performance for assays performed in complex specimens such as serum and blood. Our results help define the pernicious effects of non-specific background in immunoassays and demonstrate the diagnostic gains that can be achieved by eliminating those effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani A Hariri
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sharon S Newman
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Steven Tan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dan Mamerow
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexandra M Adams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nicolò Maganzini
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Brian L Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander R Dunn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - H Tom Soh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Safenkova IV, Burkin KM, Bodulev OL, Razo SC, Ivanov AV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB, Sakharov IY. Comparative study of magnetic beads and microplates as supports in heterogeneous amplified assay of miRNA-141 by using mismatched catalytic hairpin assembly reaction. Talanta 2022; 247:123535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Tang Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Li J, Hu Y, Yang W, Chen Y, Qin C, Jiang T, Kang X. Preparation of the luciferase-labeled antibody for improving the detection sensitivity of viral antigen. Virol J 2022; 19:126. [PMID: 35902865 PMCID: PMC9332066 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01855-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral antigen detection test is the most common method used to detect viruses in the field rapidly. However, due to the low sensitivity, it can only be used as an auxiliary diagnosis method for virus infection. Improving sensitivity is crucial for developing more accurate viral antigen tests. Nano luciferase (Nluc) is a sensitive reporter that has not been used in virus detection. Results In this study, we produced an intracellularly Nluc labeled detection antibody (Nluc-ch2C5) and evaluated its ability to improve the detection sensitivity of respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens. Compared with the traditional horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) labeled antibody (HRP-ch2C5), Nluc-ch2C5 was 41 times more sensitive for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus by sandwich chemiluminescence ELISA. Then we applied Nluc-ch2C5 to establish an automatic magnet chemiluminescence immune assay (AMCA) for the SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein, the limit of detection was 68 pfu/reaction. The clinical sensitivity and specificity reached 75% (24/32) and 100% (48/48) using 32 PCR-positive and 48 PCR-negative swab samples for clinical evaluation, which is more sensitive than the commercial ELSA kit and colloid gold strip kit. Conclusions Here, monoclonal antibody ch2C5 served as a model antibody and the SARS-CoV-2 served as a model pathogen. The Nluc labeled detecting antibody (Nluc-ch2C5) significantly improved the detection sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. This labeling principle applies to other viral infections, so this labeling and test format could be expected to play an important role in detecting other virus antigens. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01855-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yuchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chengfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Xiaoping Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, The Academy of Military Medical Science. Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, No. 20 Dongda Street, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100071, China.
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20
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Leirs K, Dal Dosso F, Perez-Ruiz E, Decrop D, Cops R, Huff J, Hayden M, Collier N, Yu KXZ, Brown S, Lammertyn J. Bridging the Gap between Digital Assays and Point-of-Care Testing: Automated, Low Cost, and Ultrasensitive Detection of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8919-8927. [PMID: 35687534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Medical diagnostics is moving toward disease-related target detection at very low concentrations because of the (1) quest for early-stage diagnosis, at a point where only limited target amounts are present, (2) trend toward minimally invasive sample extraction, yielding samples containing low concentrations of target, and (3) need for straightforward sample collection, usually resulting in limited volume collected. Hence, diagnostic tools allowing ultrasensitive target detection at the point-of-care (POC) are crucial for simplified and timely diagnosis of many illnesses. Therefore, we developed an innovative, fully integrated, semi-automated, and economically viable platform based on (1) digital microfluidics (DMF), enabling automated manipulation and analysis of very low sample volumes and (2) low-cost disposable DMF chips with microwell arrays, fabricated via roll-to-roll processes and allowing digital target counting. Thyroid stimulating hormone detection was chosen as a relevant application to show the potential of the system. The assay buffer was selected using design of experiments, and the assay was optimized in terms of reagent concentration and incubation time toward maximum sensitivity. The hydrophobic-in-hydrophobic microwells showed an unparalleled seeding efficiency of 97.6% ± 0.6%. A calculated LOD of 0.0013 μIU/mL was obtained, showing the great potential of the platform, especially taking into account the very low sample volume analyzed (1.1 μL). Although validation (in biological matrix) and industrialization (full automation) steps still need to be taken, it is clear that the combination of DMF, low-cost DMF chips, and digital analyte counting in microwell arrays enables the implementation of ultrasensitive and reliable target detection at the POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Leirs
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Francesco Dal Dosso
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Perez-Ruiz
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deborah Decrop
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruben Cops
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey Huff
- Diagnostics Division Dept. 0NTA, Bldg. CP-1, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6093, United States
| | - Mark Hayden
- Diagnostics Division Dept. 0NTA, Bldg. CP-1, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Rd., Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6093, United States
| | | | - Karen X Z Yu
- Sagentia, Harston Mill, Harston, Cambridge CB227GG, UK
| | - Stephen Brown
- Sagentia, Harston Mill, Harston, Cambridge CB227GG, UK
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems - Biosensors group, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, box 2428, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Yang Z, Atiyas Y, Shen H, Siedlik MJ, Wu J, Beard K, Fonar G, Dolle JP, Smith DH, Eberwine JH, Meaney DF, Issadore DA. Ultrasensitive Single Extracellular Vesicle Detection Using High Throughput Droplet Digital Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4315-4324. [PMID: 35588529 PMCID: PMC9593357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted enormous attention for their diagnostic and therapeutic potential. However, it has proven challenging to achieve the sensitivity to detect individual nanoscale EVs, the specificity to distinguish EV subpopulations, and a sufficient throughput to study EVs among an enormous background. To address this fundamental challenge, we developed a droplet-based optofluidic platform to quantify specific individual EV subpopulations at high throughput. The key innovation of our platform is parallelization of droplet generation, processing, and analysis to achieve a throughput (∼20 million droplets/min) more than 100× greater than typical microfluidics. We demonstrate that the improvement in throughput enables EV quantification at a limit of detection = 9EVs/μL, a >100× improvement over gold standard methods. Additionally, we demonstrate the clinical potential of this system by detecting human EVs in complex media. Building on this work, we expect this technology will allow accurate quantification of rare EV subpopulations for broad biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yasemin Atiyas
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hanfei Shen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J Siedlik
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kryshawna Beard
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gennadiy Fonar
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jean Pierre Dolle
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James H Eberwine
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David F Meaney
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David A Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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22
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Zhu F, Ji Y, Deng J, Li L, Bai X, Liu X, Lin B, Lu Y. Microfluidics-based technologies for the analysis of extracellular vesicles at the single-cell level and single-vesicle level. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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McCarthy Riley BF, Mai HT, Linz TH. Microfluidic Digital Quantitative PCR to Measure Internal Cargo of Individual Liposomes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7433-7441. [PMID: 35536164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles serve as drug delivery vehicles for biopharmaceutical products. The lipid membrane shields internal nucleic-acid drug cargo from enzymatic degradation and facilitates cellular uptake of the drug. However, existing methods to assess drug loading within liposomes are limited to averaged bulk measurements, which obscures heterogeneity of the biopharmaceutical formulation. This report describes the development of a single-liposome analysis method to measure copy numbers of DNA within liposomes and assess population heterogeneity. This novel measurement was achieved by integrating two orthogonal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques─digital PCR (dPCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR)─within a single microfluidic assay. The dPCR dimension quantified liposomes to validate their capture in the single-liposome analysis regime. The qPCR dimension quantified DNA copy numbers packaged within each liposome. The ability of digital quantitative PCR (dqPCR) to analyze large numbers of individual liposomes in parallel revealed significant population heterogeneity, which could not be obtained from standard bulk analysis methods. Our innovative measurement of internal DNA cargo from single liposomes has the potential to inform liposome synthesis procedures and create more uniform liposomal biopharmaceutical formulations to enhance drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey F McCarthy Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Hao T Mai
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Thomas H Linz
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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24
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Briggs K, Bouhamidi MY, He L, Tabard-Cossa V. Efficient Simulation of Arbitrary Multicomponent First-Order Binding Kinetics for Improved Assay Design and Molecular Assembly. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:139-146. [PMID: 35479104 PMCID: PMC9026241 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), long the workhorse for specific target protein detection using microplate wells, is nearing its fundamental limit of sensitivity. New opportunities in health care call for in vitro diagnostic tests with ultrahigh sensitivity. Magnetic bead-based sandwich immunoassay formats have been developed that can reach unprecedented sensitivities, orders of magnitude better than are allowed for by the rate constants for a single ligand-receptor interaction. However, these ultrahigh sensitivity assays are vulnerable to a host of confounding factors, including nonspecific binding from background molecules and loss of low-abundance target to tube walls and during wash steps. Moreover, the optimization of workflow is often time-consuming and expensive. In this work, we present a simulation tool that allows users to graphically define arbitrary binding assays, including fully reversible first-order binding kinetics, timed addition of extra components, and timed wash steps. The tool is freely available as a user-friendly webapp. The framework is lightweight and fast, allowing for inexpensive simulation and visualization of arbitrarily complex assay schemes, including but not limited to digital immunoassays, DNA hybridization, and enzyme kinetics, for validation and optimization of assay designs without requiring any programming knowledge from the user. We demonstrate some of these capabilities and provide practical guidance on assay simulation design.
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25
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Gorris HH, Soukka T. What Digital Immunoassays Can Learn from Ambient Analyte Theory: A Perspective. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6073-6083. [PMID: 35404586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays are important tools for clinical diagnosis as well as environmental and food analysis because they enable highly sensitive and quantitative measurements of analyte concentrations. In the 1980s, Roger Ekins suggested to improve the sensitivity of immunoassays by employing microspot assays, which are carried out under ambient analyte conditions and do not change the bulk analyte concentration of a sample during a measurement. More recently, the measurement of single analyte molecules has additionally attracted wide research interest. Although the ability to detect a single analyte molecule is not synonymous with the highest analytical sensitivity, single-molecule detection makes new routes accessible to avoiding background noise. This perspective follows the development of solid-phase immunoassays from the design of label techniques to single-molecule (digital) assays against the backdrop of Ekins's fundamental work on immunoassay theory. The essential aspects of both ambient analyte and digital assay approaches are presented as a guideline to finding a balance between the speed, sensitivity, and precision of immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans H Gorris
- Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Life Technologies/Biotechnology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
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26
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Liu Y, Ye H, Huynh H, Xie C, Kang P, Kahn JS, Qin Z. Digital plasmonic nanobubble detection for rapid and ultrasensitive virus diagnostics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1687. [PMID: 35354801 PMCID: PMC8967834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and sensitive diagnostics of infectious diseases is an urgent and unmet need as evidenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report a strategy, based on DIgitAl plasMONic nanobubble Detection (DIAMOND), to address this need. Plasmonic nanobubbles are transient vapor bubbles generated by laser heating of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) and allow single-NP detection. Using gold NPs as labels and an optofluidic setup, we demonstrate that DIAMOND achieves compartment-free digital counting and works on homogeneous immunoassays without separation and amplification steps. DIAMOND allows specific detection of respiratory syncytial virus spiked in nasal swab samples and achieves a detection limit of ~100 PFU/mL (equivalent to 1 RNA copy/µL), which is competitive with digital isothermal amplification for virus detection. Therefore, DIAMOND has the advantages including one-step and single-NP detection, direct sensing of intact viruses at room temperature, and no complex liquid handling, and is a platform technology for rapid and ultrasensitive diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Haihang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
| | - HoangDinh Huynh
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Peiyuan Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Kahn
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Lines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA.
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27
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Kim H, Lee EJ, Lim YM, Kim KK. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in Blood as a Disease Biomarker of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders. Front Neurol 2022; 13:865730. [PMID: 35370870 PMCID: PMC8968934 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.865730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a type III intermediate filament protein found in astrocytes in the brain. Damaged astrocytes release GFAP into cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Thus, GFAP levels in these body fluids may reflect the disease state of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), which includes astrocytopathy, characterized by pathogenic antibodies against aquaporin 4 located on astrocytes. Recently, single-molecule array technology that can detect these synaptic proteins in blood, even in the subfemtomolar range, has been developed. Emerging evidence suggests that GFAP protein is a strong biomarker candidate for NMOSD. This mini-review provides basic information about GFAP protein and innovative clinical data that show the potential clinical value of blood GFAP levels as a biomarker for NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Lim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Kuk Kim
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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28
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Dual amplification enabled counting based ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1198:339510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Yang SM, Lv S, Zhang W, Cui Y. Microfluidic Point-of-Care (POC) Devices in Early Diagnosis: A Review of Opportunities and Challenges. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1620. [PMID: 35214519 PMCID: PMC8875995 DOI: 10.3390/s22041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The early diagnosis of infectious diseases is critical because it can greatly increase recovery rates and prevent the spread of diseases such as COVID-19; however, in many areas with insufficient medical facilities, the timely detection of diseases is challenging. Conventional medical testing methods require specialized laboratory equipment and well-trained operators, limiting the applicability of these tests. Microfluidic point-of-care (POC) equipment can rapidly detect diseases at low cost. This technology could be used to detect diseases in underdeveloped areas to reduce the effects of disease and improve quality of life in these areas. This review details microfluidic POC equipment and its applications. First, the concept of microfluidic POC devices is discussed. We then describe applications of microfluidic POC devices for infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, tumors (cancer), and chronic diseases, and discuss the future incorporation of microfluidic POC devices into applications such as wearable devices and telemedicine. Finally, the review concludes by analyzing the present state of the microfluidic field, and suggestions are made. This review is intended to call attention to the status of disease treatment in underdeveloped areas and to encourage the researchers of microfluidics to develop standards for these devices.
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Grants
- BRA2017216, BE2018627,2020THRC-GD-7, D18003, LM201603, KFKT2018001 the 333 project of Jiangsu Province in 2017, the Primary Research & Development Plan of Jiangsu Province, the Taihu Lake talent plan, the Complex and Intelligent Research Center, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Scien
- NSFC81971511 the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Mo Yang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.-M.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuangsong Lv
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.-M.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Yubao Cui
- Clinical Research Center, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi 214023, China
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30
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Wu C, Dougan TJ, Walt DR. High-Throughput, High-Multiplex Digital Protein Detection with Attomolar Sensitivity. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1025-1035. [PMID: 35029381 PMCID: PMC9499451 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in many clinical diagnostic applications is the measurement of low-abundance proteins and other biomolecules in biological fluids. Digital technologies such as the digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have enabled 1000-fold increases in sensitivity over conventional protein detection methods. However, current digital ELISA technologies still possess insufficient sensitivities for many rare protein biomarkers and require specialized instrumentation or time-consuming workflows that have limited their widespread implementation. To address these challenges, we have developed a more sensitive and streamlined digital ELISA platform, Molecular On-bead Signal Amplification for Individual Counting (MOSAIC), which attains low attomolar limits of detection, with an order of magnitude enhancement in sensitivity over these other methods. MOSAIC uses a rapid, automatable flow cytometric readout that vastly increases throughput and is easily integrated into existing laboratory infrastructure. As MOSAIC provides high sampling efficiencies for rare target molecules, assay bead number can readily be tuned to enhance signal-to-background with high measurement precision. Furthermore, the solution-based signal readout of MOSAIC expands the number of analytes that can simultaneously be measured for higher-order multiplexing with femtomolar sensitivities or below, compared with microwell- or droplet-based digital methods. As a proof of principle, we apply MOSAIC toward improving the detectability of low-abundance cytokines in saliva and ultrasensitive multiplexed measurements of eight protein analytes in plasma and saliva. The attomolar sensitivity, high throughput, and broad multiplexing abilities of MOSAIC provide highly accessible and versatile ultrasensitive capabilities that can potentially accelerate protein biomarker discovery and diagnostic testing for diverse disease applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Wu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tyler J Dougan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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31
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Aghamohammadi H, Hosseini SA, Srikant S, Wong A, Poudineh M. Computational and Experimental Model to Study Immunobead-Based Assays in Microfluidic Mixing Platforms. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2087-2098. [PMID: 35029971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In immunobead-based assays, micro/nanobeads are functionalized with antibodies to capture the target analytes, which can significantly improve the assay's performance. The immunobead-based assays have been recently combined with microfluidic mixing devices and customized for a variety of applications. However, device design and process optimization to achieve the best performance remain a substantial technological challenge. Here, we introduce a computational model that enables the rational design and optimization of the immunobead-based assay in a microfluidic mixing channel. We use numerical methods to examine the effect of the flow rates, channel geometry, bead's trajectory, and the analyte and reagent characteristics on the efficiency of analyte capture on the surface of microbeads. This model accounts for different bead movements inside the microchannel, with the goal of simulating an actual active binding environment. The model is further validated experimentally where different microfluidic channels are tested to capture the target analytes. Our experimental results are shown to meet theoretical predictions. While the model is demonstrated here for the analysis of IgG capture in simple and herringbone-structured microchannels, it can be readily adapted to a broad range of target molecules and different device designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aghamohammadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Seied Ali Hosseini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sanjana Srikant
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Wong
- Department of System Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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32
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Siedlik MJ, Issadore D. Pico-washing: simultaneous liquid addition and removal for continuous-flow washing of microdroplets. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:46. [PMID: 35498338 PMCID: PMC9050730 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics is based on a toolbox of several established unit operations, including droplet generation, incubation, mixing, pico-injection, and sorting. In the last two decades, the development of droplet microfluidic systems, which incorporate these multiple unit operations into a workflow, has demonstrated unique capabilities in fields ranging from single-cell transcriptomic analyses to materials optimization. One unit operation that is sorely underdeveloped in droplet microfluidics is washing, exchange of the fluid in a droplet with a different fluid. Here, we demonstrate what we name the "pico-washer," a unit operation capable of simultaneously adding fluid to and removing fluid from droplets in flow while requiring only a small footprint on a microfluidic chip. We describe the fabrication strategy, device architecture, and process parameters required for stable operation of this technology, which is capable of operating with kHz droplet throughput. Furthermore, we provide an image processing workflow to characterize the washing process with microsecond and micrometer resolution. Finally, we demonstrate the potential for integrated droplet workflows by arranging two of these unit operations in series with a droplet generator, describe a design rule for stable operation of the pico-washer when integrated into a system, and validate this design rule experimentally. We anticipate that this technology will contribute to continued development of the droplet microfluidics toolbox and the realization of novel droplet-based, multistep biological and chemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Siedlik
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 United States
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33
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Tezel G. Multiplex protein analysis for the study of glaucoma. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:911-924. [PMID: 34672220 PMCID: PMC8712406 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1996232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of multifactorial origin. Extensive research is ongoing to better understand, prevent, and treat progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. While experimental models of glaucoma and postmortem tissues of human donors are analyzed for pathophysiological comprehension and improved treatment of this blinding disease, clinical samples of intraocular biofluids and blood collected from glaucoma patients are analyzed to identify predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers. Multiplexing techniques for protein analysis offer a valuable approach for translational glaucoma research. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the increasing applications of multiplex protein analysis for glaucoma research and also highlights current research challenges in the field and expected solutions from emerging technological advances. EXPERT OPINION Analytical techniques for multiplex analysis of proteins can help uncover neurodegenerative processes for enhanced treatment of glaucoma and can help identify molecular biomarkers for improved clinical testing and monitoring of this complex disease. This evolving field and continuously growing availability of new technologies are expected to broaden the comprehension of this complex neurodegenerative disease and speed up the progress toward new therapeutics and personalized patient care to prevent blindness from glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülgün Tezel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York, NY, USA
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34
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He L, Tessier DR, Briggs K, Tsangaris M, Charron M, McConnell EM, Lomovtsev D, Tabard-Cossa V. Digital immunoassay for biomarker concentration quantification using solid-state nanopores. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5348. [PMID: 34504071 PMCID: PMC8429538 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule counting is the most accurate and precise method for determining the concentration of a biomarker in solution and is leading to the emergence of digital diagnostic platforms enabling precision medicine. In principle, solid-state nanopores—fully electronic sensors with single-molecule sensitivity—are well suited to the task. Here we present a digital immunoassay scheme capable of reliably quantifying the concentration of a target protein in complex biofluids that overcomes specificity, sensitivity, and consistency challenges associated with the use of solid-state nanopores for protein sensing. This is achieved by employing easily-identifiable DNA nanostructures as proxies for the presence (“1”) or absence (“0”) of the target protein captured via a magnetic bead-based sandwich immunoassay. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate quantification of the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone from human serum samples down to the high femtomolar range. Further optimization to the method will push sensitivity and dynamic range, allowing for development of precision diagnostic tools compatible with point-of-care format. The concentration of a biomarker in solution can be determined by counting single molecules. Here the authors report a digital immunoassay scheme with solid-state nanopore readout to quantify a target protein and use this to measure thyroid-stimulating hormone from human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun He
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Kyle Briggs
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Martin Charron
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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35
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Gualerzi A, Picciolini S, Carlomagno C, Rodà F, Bedoni M. Biophotonics for diagnostic detection of extracellular vesicles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:229-249. [PMID: 33887403 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are versatile carriers for biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of multiple human disorders. Despite the increasing scientific and commercial interest in EV application in diagnostics, traditional biomolecular techniques usually require consistent sample amount, rely on operator-dependent and time- consuming procedures and cannot cope with the nano-size range of EVs, limiting both sensitivity and reproducibility of results. The application of biophotonics, i.e. light-based methods, for the diagnostic detection of EVs has brought to the development of innovative platforms with excellent sensitivity. In this review, we propose an overview of the most promising and emerging technologies used in the field of EV-related biomarker discovery. When tested on clinical samples, the reported biophotonic approaches in most cases have managed to discriminate between nanovesicles and contaminants, achieved much higher resolution compared to traditional procedures, and reached moderate to excellent diagnostic accuracy, thus demonstrating great potentialities for their clinical translation.
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36
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Frutiger A, Tanno A, Hwu S, Tiefenauer RF, Vörös J, Nakatsuka N. Nonspecific Binding-Fundamental Concepts and Consequences for Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8095-8160. [PMID: 34105942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nature achieves differentiation of specific and nonspecific binding in molecular interactions through precise control of biomolecules in space and time. Artificial systems such as biosensors that rely on distinguishing specific molecular binding events in a sea of nonspecific interactions have struggled to overcome this issue. Despite the numerous technological advancements in biosensor technologies, nonspecific binding has remained a critical bottleneck due to the lack of a fundamental understanding of the phenomenon. To date, the identity, cause, and influence of nonspecific binding remain topics of debate within the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the evolution of the concept of nonspecific binding over the past five decades based upon the thermodynamic, intermolecular, and structural perspectives to provide classification frameworks for biomolecular interactions. Further, we introduce various theoretical models that predict the expected behavior of biosensors in physiologically relevant environments to calculate the theoretical detection limit and to optimize sensor performance. We conclude by discussing existing practical approaches to tackle the nonspecific binding challenge in vitro for biosensing platforms and how we can both address and harness nonspecific interactions for in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frutiger
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Tanno
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hwu
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Raphael F Tiefenauer
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Nako Nakatsuka
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
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37
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Wu F, Gu Y, Kang B, Heskia F, Pachot A, Bonneville M, Wei P, Liang J. PD-L1 detection on circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (T-EVs) from patients with lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2441-2451. [PMID: 34295653 PMCID: PMC8264343 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent breakthroughs in therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer. However, only 15–25% of patients respond to the ICIs therapy, and methods to identify those responsive patients are currently a hot research topic. PD-L1 expression measured on tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC) was approved as one of the companion diagnostic methods, but it is invasive and cannot be used to monitor dynamic changes in PD-L1 expression during treatments. Methods In this study, we developed an Epcam-PD-L1 extracellular vesicle (EV) detection prototype using the Simoa platform. This assay detected PD-L1 expression levels on tumor-derived exosomes from the lung cancer cell lines A549 and SK-MES1. In addition, 35 plasma samples from patients with lung cancer were tested with this assay and the results were compared to the tissue PD-L1 expression levels represented by the tumor proportion score (TPS). Results PD-L1 TPS-positive patients (≥1% IHC TPS) had significantly higher Simoa Epcam-PD-L1 signals than TPS-negative patients (<1% IHC TPS, P=0.026). The Simoa Epcam-PD-L1 area under curve (AUC) reached 0.776, with a sensitivity of 92.86% and a specificity of 71.43%. When PD-L1 TPS-positive patients were defined as having an IHC TPS ≥10%, the greatest difference in Epcam-PD-L1 signals was observed between IHC TPS-positive and IHC TPS-negative groups (P=0.0024) and the Simoa Epcam-PD-L1 AUC reached 0.832. Finally, the Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between the TPS and Simoa Epcam-PD-L1 signals (0.428, P=0.0104). Conclusions Based on our results, our Simoa Epcam-PD-L1 EV detection assay is a potential liquid biopsy method to predict the PD-L1 expression level in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center-Institut Mérieux Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,bioMérieux (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzi Gu
- Biobank, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Kang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center-Institut Mérieux Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,bioMérieux (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabienne Heskia
- Global Medical Affairs, bioMérieux SA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Alexandre Pachot
- Open Innovation & Partnerships Department, bioMérieux SA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | | | - Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Liang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center-Institut Mérieux Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,bioMérieux (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China
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38
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Li J, Qin B, Huang M, Ma Y, Li D, Li W, Guo Z. Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAAs) for the Serological Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:665106. [PMID: 33995397 PMCID: PMC8119874 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.665106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of malignant bone tumor found in childhood and adolescence. Although its incidence rate is low among cancers, the prognosis of OS is usually poor. Although some biomarkers, such as p53, have been identified in OS, the association between the biomarkers and clinical outcome is not well understood. Thus, it is necessary to establish a method to identify patients diagnosed with OS at an early stage. It is becoming obvious that anti-tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) autoantibodies (TAAbs) in sera could be used as serological biomarkers in the detection of many different types of cancers. This notion indicates that TAAbs are considered as immunological “sentinels” associated with tumorigenesis underlying molecular events. It provides new insights into the molecular and cellular biology of the differential diagnosis of cancers. What’s more, it is reported that a customized TAA array could significantly increase the sensitivity/specificity. TAA arrays also have great application prospects in detecting cancer at an early stage, monitoring cancer progression, discovering new therapeutic targets, and designing personalized treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of the TAAs identified in OS as well as the possibility that TAAs and TAAbs system be used as biomarkers in the immunodiagnosis and prognosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitian Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Transitional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manyu Huang
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wuyin Li
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhiping Guo
- Henan Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital)/Henan Institute of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Luoyang, China
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39
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Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has developed into a global health crisis, causing over 2 million deaths and changing people's daily life the world over. Current main-stream diagnostic methods in the laboratory include nucleic acid PCR tests and direct viral antigen tests for detecting active infections, and indirect human antibody tests specific to SARS-CoV-2 to detect prior exposure. In this Perspective, we briefly describe the PCR and antigen tests and then focus mainly on existing antibody tests and their limitations including inaccuracies and possible causes of unreliability. False negatives in antibody immunoassays can arise from assay formats, selection of viral antigens and antibody types, diagnostic testing windows, individual variance, and fluctuation in antibody levels. Reasons for false positives in antibody immunoassays mainly involve antibody cross-reactivity from other viruses, as well as autoimmune disease. The spectrum bias has an effect on both the false negatives and false positives. For assay developers, not only improvement of assay formats but also selection of viral antigens and isotopes of human antibodies need to be carefully considered to improve sensitivity and specificity. For clinicians, the factors influencing the accuracy of assays must be kept in mind to test patients using currently imperfect but available tests with smart tactics and realistic interpretation of the test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Liu
- Medical College, Jiaxing
University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province,
China
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269,
United States
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269,
United States
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center,
UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut 06232, United
States
- Institute of Materials Science,
University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs,
Connecticut 0626, United States
- School of Chemistry, National University
of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway,
Ireland
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40
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Ramesh P, Shivde R, Jaishankar D, Saleiro D, Le Poole IC. A Palette of Cytokines to Measure Anti-Tumor Efficacy of T Cell-Based Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:821. [PMID: 33669271 PMCID: PMC7920025 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are key molecules within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can be used as biomarkers to predict the magnitude of anti-tumor immune responses. During immune monitoring, it has been customary to predict outcomes based on the abundance of a single cytokine, in particular IFN-γ or TGF-β, as a readout of ongoing anti-cancer immunity. However, individual cytokines within the TME can exhibit dual opposing roles. For example, both IFN-γ and TGF-β have been associated with pro- and anti-tumor functions. Moreover, cytokines originating from different cellular sources influence the crosstalk between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, while the array of cytokines expressed by T cells is also instrumental in defining the mechanisms of action and efficacy of treatments. Thus, it becomes increasingly clear that a reliable readout of ongoing immunity within the TME will have to include more than the measurement of a single cytokine. This review focuses on defining a panel of cytokines that could help to reliably predict and analyze the outcomes of T cell-based anti-tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyaya Ramesh
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.R.); (R.S.); (D.J.); (D.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rohan Shivde
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.R.); (R.S.); (D.J.); (D.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dinesh Jaishankar
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.R.); (R.S.); (D.J.); (D.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Diana Saleiro
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.R.); (R.S.); (D.J.); (D.S.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - I. Caroline Le Poole
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (P.R.); (R.S.); (D.J.); (D.S.)
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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41
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A critical review: Recent advances in "digital" biomolecule detection with single copy sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 177:112901. [PMID: 33472132 PMCID: PMC7836387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detection of a single biomolecule, ranging from nucleic acids, proteins, viruses to bacteria, is of paramount importance in various fields including biology, environment, food and agriculture industry, public health, and medicine. With the understanding of the biological functions of these biomolecules (or bioparticles) and their impacts on public health, environmental pollution, and food safety, advanced detection techniques are unprecedentedly demanded for their early and/or sensitive detection. In this critical review, a series of elegant research about digital detection of biomolecules with potential single copy sensitivity is reviewed and summarized with the focus on the design principle and the innovation of how to accomplish the “digital” detection concept. Starting with a brief introduction on the importance of digital detection, recent advances in “digital” biomolecule detection with single copy sensitivity are grouped and discussed based on the difference of signal reporting systems, including surrogate signal development for “digital” detection, direct visualization for “digital” detection, and nucleic acid amplification enabled “digital” detection. Interdisciplinary combination and integration of different cutting-edge techniques are also discussed with details. The review is closed with the conclusion and future trends.
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42
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Poudineh M, Maikawa CL, Ma EY, Pan J, Mamerow D, Hang Y, Baker SW, Beirami A, Yoshikawa A, Eisenstein M, Kim S, Vučković J, Appel EA, Soh HT. A fluorescence sandwich immunoassay for the real-time continuous detection of glucose and insulin in live animals. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:53-63. [PMID: 33349659 PMCID: PMC7856282 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-020-00661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors that continuously measure circulating biomolecules in real time could provide insights into the health status of patients and their response to therapeutics. But biosensors for the continuous real-time monitoring of analytes in vivo have only reached nanomolar sensitivity and can measure only a handful of molecules, such as glucose and blood oxygen. Here we show that multiple analytes can be continuously and simultaneously measured with picomolar sensitivity and sub-second resolution via the integration of aptamers and antibodies into a bead-based fluorescence sandwich immunoassay implemented in a custom microfluidic chip. After an incubation time of 30 s, bead fluorescence is measured using a high-speed camera under spatially multiplexed two-colour laser illumination. We used the assay for continuous quantification of glucose and insulin concentrations in the blood of live diabetic rats to resolve inter-animal differences in the pharmacokinetic response to insulin as well as discriminate pharmacokinetic profiles from different insulin formulations. The assay can be readily modified to continuously and simultaneously measure other blood analytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahla Poudineh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin L Maikawa
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric Yue Ma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Mamerow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yan Hang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sam W Baker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ahmad Beirami
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alex Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Eisenstein
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Seung Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jelena Vučković
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ginzton Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric A Appel
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - H Tom Soh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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43
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McCarthy Riley BF, Ward CL, Linz TH. Influence of microfabrication on digital PCR performance in bead-based microwell array assays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6917-6926. [PMID: 32772126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Digital PCR (dPCR) is a highly sensitive analytical technique used to quantify DNA targets. Detection sensitivity can be further enhanced by capturing target sequences onto beads for preconcentration and sample cleanup prior to analysis in microfluidic microwell arrays. However, robust digital analysis requires individual beads to be interrogated within individual wells. Fabricating microwells with dimensions ≤ 3 μm is challenging, and the high surface area-to-volume ratio of the wells leaves PCR susceptible to inhibition stemming from materials used during device processing. This report describes the development of a microfabrication procedure to create ultralow-volume wells (100 fL) for bead-based dPCR and characterize the effects of microprocessing materials on assay performance. Standard microfabrication protocols used for creating microelectronics resulted in devices with nanoscopic debris originating from photoresists used during processing. A model dPCR assay was developed to characterize the effects of this debris, which revealed variable PCR inhibition. Debris within microwells attenuated digital and analog assay signals to a greater extent than debris on the device surface. Spatial heterogeneity of debris across devices was quantified to characterize regional PCR inhibition and intra- and inter-device variability. Ultimately, a fabrication procedure was developed to create pristine microfluidic arrays using dual processes to remove positive resist and forgoing use of negative resist entirely, which enabled robust amplification with digital signals matching theoretical predictions. Results from this work catalog the unique performance artifacts from device microfabrication and provide a guide for future studies seeking to conduct robust, high-sensitivity bead-based dPCR assays. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cassandra L Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Thomas H Linz
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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44
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Ahmad R, Xie L, Pyle M, Suarez MF, Broger T, Steinberg D, Ame SM, Lucero MG, Szucs MJ, MacMullan M, Berven FS, Dutta A, Sanvictores DM, Tallo VL, Bencher R, Eisinger DP, Dhingra U, Deb S, Ali SM, Mehta S, Fawzi WW, Riley ID, Sazawal S, Premji Z, Black R, Murray CJL, Rodriguez B, Carr SA, Walt DR, Gillette MA. A rapid triage test for active pulmonary tuberculosis in adult patients with persistent cough. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/515/eaaw8287. [PMID: 31645455 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw8287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Improved tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control depend critically on the development of a simple, readily accessible rapid triage test to stratify TB risk. We hypothesized that a blood protein-based host response signature for active TB (ATB) could distinguish it from other TB-like disease (OTD) in adult patients with persistent cough, thereby providing a foundation for a point-of-care (POC) triage test for ATB. Three adult cohorts consisting of ATB suspects were recruited. A bead-based immunoassay and machine learning algorithms identified a panel of four host blood proteins, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), that distinguished ATB from OTD. An ultrasensitive POC-amenable single-molecule array (Simoa) panel was configured, and the ATB diagnostic algorithm underwent blind validation in an independent, multinational cohort in which ATB was distinguished from OTD with receiver operator characteristic-area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.80 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75 to 0.85], 80% sensitivity (95% CI, 73 to 85%), and 65% specificity (95% CI, 57 to 71%). When host antibodies against TB antigen Ag85B were added to the panel, performance improved to 86% sensitivity and 69% specificity. A blood-based host response panel consisting of four proteins and antibodies to one TB antigen can help to differentiate ATB from other causes of persistent cough in patients with and without HIV infection from Africa, Asia, and South America. Performance characteristics approach World Health Organization (WHO) target product profile accuracy requirements and may provide the foundation for an urgently needed blood-based POC TB triage test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushdy Ahmad
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Liangxia Xie
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Margaret Pyle
- University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Marta F Suarez
- Daktari Diagnostics, 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Tobias Broger
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, 9 Chemin des Mines, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dan Steinberg
- Salford Systems, 9685 Via Excelencia, Suite 208, San Diego, CA 92126, USA
| | - Shaali M Ame
- Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, Chake Chake, Pemba 5501021, Tanzania
| | - Marilla G Lucero
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, 9002 Research Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, 1781, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Matthew J Szucs
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Melanie MacMullan
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Frode S Berven
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Arup Dutta
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, 214A Vinobapuri, Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi 110024, India
| | - Diozele M Sanvictores
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, 9002 Research Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, 1781, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Veronica L Tallo
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, 9002 Research Drive, Filinvest Corporate City, Alabang, Muntinlupa City, 1781, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Usha Dhingra
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, 214A Vinobapuri, Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi 110024, India
| | - Saikat Deb
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, 214A Vinobapuri, Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi 110024, India
| | - Said M Ali
- Public Health Laboratory-Ivo de Carneri, Wawi, Chake Chake, Pemba 5501021, Tanzania
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, 314 Savage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Building 1, Room 1102, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian D Riley
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sunil Sazawal
- Center for Public Health Kinetics, 214A Vinobapuri, Lajpat Nagar-II, New Delhi 110024, India
| | - Zul Premji
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, United Nations Road, Dar es Salaam 0702172, Tanzania
| | - Robert Black
- Institute for International Programs, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, 2301 5th Avenue, Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA
| | - Bill Rodriguez
- Draper Richards Kaplan Foundation, 535 Boylston Street, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David R Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. .,Massachusetts General Hospital Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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45
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Wei P, Wu F, Kang B, Sun X, Heskia F, Pachot A, Liang J, Li D. Plasma extracellular vesicles detected by Single Molecule array technology as a liquid biopsy for colorectal cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2020; 9:1809765. [PMID: 32944195 PMCID: PMC7480466 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1809765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) were recognized as a promising source of diagnostic biomarker. However, there are limited studies published in this area, partly due to the limited number of detection platforms capable of detecting extracellular vesicles. In this study, extracellular vesicle immunoassays were developed using the Single Molecule array technology (SiMoa) and their clinical applications to cancer diagnosis were evaluated. Two extracellular vesicle detection assays, CD9-CD63 and Epcam-CD63, were designed to detect universal extracellular vesicles and tumour-derived extracellular vesicles, respectively. Our results show that CD9-CD63 and Epcam-CD63 SiMoa assays specifically detect extracellular vesicles but not free proteins with high sensitivities. The Epcam-CD63 levels detected in cancer cell culture media were consistent with levels of Epcam-expressing EVs isolated from the same cancer cell lines and detected by Western blot. Furthermore, the assays distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous plasma samples. The highest CD9-CD63 and Epcam-CD63 signals were observed in colorectal cancer patients comparing to healthy and benign controls. Both assays showed superior diagnostic performance for colorectal cancer. In addition, our results show that CD9-CD63 detection is an independent prognosis factor for both progression free survival and overall survival, while Epcam-CD63 detectionis an independent prognosis factor for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wei
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - InstitutMérieux Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Open Innovation & Partnerships Department, bioMerieux (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Kang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - InstitutMérieux Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Open Innovation & Partnerships Department, bioMerieux (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - InstitutMérieux Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Open Innovation & Partnerships Department, bioMerieux (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Fabienne Heskia
- Global Medical Affairs Deptartment, bioMérieux SA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Alexandre Pachot
- Open Innovation & Partnerships Department, bioMérieux SA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Ji Liang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center - InstitutMérieux Laboratory, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Open Innovation & Partnerships Department, bioMerieux (Shanghai) Company Limited, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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46
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Tiiman A, Jelić V, Jarvet J, Järemo P, Bogdanović N, Rigler R, Terenius L, Gräslund A, Vukojević V. Amyloidogenic Nanoplaques in Blood Serum of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Revealed by Time-Resolved Thioflavin T Fluorescence Intensity Fluctuation Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:571-582. [PMID: 30814355 PMCID: PMC6484272 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers are central to current research on molecular mechanisms underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their further development is of paramount importance for understanding pathophysiological processes that eventually lead to disease onset. Biomarkers are also crucial for early disease detection, before clinical manifestation, and for development of new disease modifying therapies. OBJECTIVE The overall aim of this work is to develop a minimally invasive method for fast, ultra-sensitive and cost-effective detection of structurally modified peptide/protein self-assemblies in the peripheral blood and in other biological fluids. Specifically, we focus here on using this method to detect structured amyloidogenic oligomeric aggregates in the blood serum of apparently healthy individuals and patients in early AD stage, and measure their concentration and size. METHODS Time-resolved detection of Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence intensity fluctuations in a sub-femtoliter observation volume element was used to identify in blood serum ThT-active structured amyloidogenic oligomeric aggregates, hereafter called nanoplaques, and measure with single-particle sensitivity their concentration and size. RESULTS The concentration and size of structured amyloidogenic nanoplaques are significantly higher in the blood serum of individuals diagnosed with AD than in control subjects. CONCLUSION A new method with the ultimate, single-particle sensitivity was successfully developed. The proposed approach neither relies on the use of immune-based probes, nor on the use of radiotracers, signal-amplification or protein separation techniques, and provides a minimally invasive test for fast and cost-effective early determination of structurally modified peptides/proteins in the peripheral blood, as shown here, but also in other biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Tiiman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine CMM L8:01, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vesna Jelić
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Petter Järemo
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Vrinnevi Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Nenad Bogdanović
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rudolf Rigler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (MBB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Terenius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine CMM L8:01, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience (CNS), Center for Molecular Medicine CMM L8:01, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Pastucha M, Mikušová Z, Skládal P, Gorris HH. Fortschritte in der optischen Einzelmoleküldetektion: Auf dem Weg zu höchstempfindlichen Bioaffinitätsassays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Matthias J. Mickert
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Chemo- und BiosensorikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Matěj Pastucha
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mikušová
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University 625 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Chemo- und BiosensorikUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93040 Regensburg Deutschland
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48
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Farka Z, Mickert MJ, Pastucha M, Mikušová Z, Skládal P, Gorris HH. Advances in Optical Single-Molecule Detection: En Route to Supersensitive Bioaffinity Assays. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10746-10773. [PMID: 31869502 PMCID: PMC7318240 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect low concentrations of analytes and in particular low-abundance biomarkers is of fundamental importance, e.g., for early-stage disease diagnosis. The prospect of reaching the ultimate limit of detection has driven the development of single-molecule bioaffinity assays. While many review articles have highlighted the potentials of single-molecule technologies for analytical and diagnostic applications, these technologies are not as widespread in real-world applications as one should expect. This Review provides a theoretical background on single-molecule-or better digital-assays to critically assess their potential compared to traditional analog assays. Selected examples from the literature include bioaffinity assays for the detection of biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and viruses. The structure of the Review highlights the versatility of optical single-molecule labeling techniques, including enzymatic amplification, molecular labels, and innovative nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Farka
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Matthias J. Mickert
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Matěj Pastucha
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zuzana Mikušová
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Petr Skládal
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceMasaryk University625 00BrnoCzech Republic
| | - Hans H. Gorris
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and BiosensorsUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstraße 3193040RegensburgGermany
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49
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Kan CW, Tobos CI, Rissin DM, Wiener AD, Meyer RE, Svancara DM, Comperchio A, Warwick C, Millington R, Collier N, Duffy DC. Digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with sub-attomolar detection limits based on low numbers of capture beads combined with high efficiency bead analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2122-2135. [PMID: 32391827 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) based on single molecule arrays (Simoa) with improved sensitivities over conventional digital ELISA, enabling detection of proteins at sub-attomolar concentrations. The improvements in sensitivity were based on using fewer beads to capture the target proteins (≤5000 vs.∼500 000 beads) that increased the ratio of molecules to beads, and increasing the fraction of beads that were analyzed (bead read efficiency) from ∼5% to ∼50%. Bead read efficiency was increased by: a) improving the loading of beads into arrays of microwells by combining capillary and magnetic forces in a method called magnetic-meniscus sweeping (MMS); b) using a centrifugal washer to minimize bead loss during the assay; and, c) improved optics and image analysis to enable the analysis of more microwells. Using this approach, we developed an assay for IL-17A with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.7 aM, 437-fold more sensitive than standard digital ELISA. A digital ELISA with improved sensitivity was used to measure IL-17A in 100 serum and plasma samples with 100% detectability, compared to 51% for standard digital ELISA. Low numbers of capture beads yielded improved LODs for IL-12p70 (0.092 aM), p24 (9.1 aM), and interferon alpha (45.9 aM). IL-4 and PSA showed no improvements in sensitivity using fewer beads, primarily due to low antibody loading on beads and increased non-specific binding, respectively. The results were consistent with a kinetic model of binding that showed that combining capture antibodies with high on-rates with high antibodies per bead yields the greatest improvement in sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk W Kan
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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50
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Robin M, Tayakout-Fayolle M, Pitault I, Jallut C, Drazek L. Estimation of Kinetic Parameters Involved in Solid-Phase Immunoassays by Affinity Chromatography. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maëlenn Robin
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- bioMérieux SA, Immuno Innovation Department, 376 chemin de l’Orme, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Mélaz Tayakout-Fayolle
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Pitault
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian Jallut
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Drazek
- bioMérieux SA, Biomathematics Departement, 5 rue des Berges, 38024 Grenoble, France
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