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Boukadida C, Peralta-Prado A, Chávez-Torres M, Romero-Mora K, Rincon-Rubio A, Ávila-Ríos S, Garrido-Rodríguez D, Reyes-Terán G, Pinto-Cardoso S. Alterations of the gut microbiome in HIV infection highlight human anelloviruses as potential predictors of immune recovery. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:204. [PMID: 39420423 PMCID: PMC11483978 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01925-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 infection is characterized by a massive depletion of mucosal CD4 T cells that triggers a cascade of events ultimately linking gut microbial dysbiosis to HIV-1 disease progression and pathogenesis. The association between HIV infection and the enteric virome composition is less characterized, although viruses are an essential component of the gut ecosystem. Here, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of the fecal viral (eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophages) and bacterial microbiome in people with HIV (PWH) and in HIV-negative individuals. To gain further insight into the association between the gut microbiome composition, HIV-associated immunodeficiency, and immune recovery, we carried out a longitudinal study including 14 PWH who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) and were followed for 24 months with samplings performed at baseline (before ART) and at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months post-ART initiation. RESULTS Our data revealed a striking expansion in the abundance and prevalence of several human virus genomic sequences (Anelloviridae, Adenoviridae, and Papillomaviridae) in stool samples of PWH with severe immunodeficiency (CD4 < 200). We also noted a decreased abundance of sequences belonging to two plant viruses from the Tobamovirus genus, a reduction in bacterial alpha diversity, and a decrease in Inoviridae bacteriophage sequences. Short-term ART (24 months) was linked to a significant decrease in human Anelloviridae sequences. Remarkably, the detection of Anellovirus sequences at baseline independently predicted poor immune recovery, as did low CD4 T cell counts. The bacterial and bacteriophage populations were unique to each PWH with individualized trajectories; we found no discernable pattern of clustering after 24 months on ART. CONCLUSION Advanced HIV-1 infection was associated with marked alterations in the virome composition, in particular a remarkable expansion of human anelloviruses, with a gradual restoration after ART initiation. In addition to CD4 T cell counts, anellovirus sequence detection might be useful to predict and monitor immune recovery. This study confirms data on the bacteriome and expands our knowledge on the viral component of the gut microbiome in HIV-1 infection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Boukadida
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Amy Peralta-Prado
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Monserrat Chávez-Torres
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Karla Romero-Mora
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alma Rincon-Rubio
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniela Garrido-Rodríguez
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Terán
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México
- Comisión Coordinadora de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sandra Pinto-Cardoso
- Departamento del Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Ciudad de México, México.
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Movahed F, Darzi S, Mahdavi P, Salih Mahdi M, Qutaiba B Allela O, Naji Sameer H, Adil M, Zarkhah H, Yasamineh S, Gholizadeh O. The potential use of therapeutics and prophylactic mRNA vaccines in human papillomavirus (HPV). Virol J 2024; 21:124. [PMID: 38822328 PMCID: PMC11143593 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) and other malignant malignancies are acknowledged to be primarily caused by persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Historically, vaccinations against viruses that produce neutralizing antibodies unique to the virus have been an affordable way to manage viral diseases. CC risk is decreased, but not eliminated, by HPV vaccinations. Since vaccinations have been made available globally, almost 90% of HPV infections have been successfully avoided. On the lesions and diseases that are already present, however, no discernible treatment benefit has been shown. As a result, therapeutic vaccines that elicit immune responses mediated by cells are necessary for the treatment of established infections and cancers. mRNA vaccines possess remarkable potential in combating viral diseases and malignancy as a result of their superior industrial production, safety, and efficacy. Furthermore, considering the expeditiousness of production, the mRNA vaccine exhibits promise as a therapeutic approach targeting HPV. Given that the HPV-encoded early proteins, including oncoproteins E6 and E7, are consistently present in HPV-related cancers and pre-cancerous lesions and have crucial functions in the progression and persistence of HPV-related diseases, they serve as ideal targets for therapeutic HPV vaccines. The action mechanism of HPV and HPV-related cancer mRNA vaccines, their recent advancements in clinical trials, and the potential for their therapeutic applications are highlighted in this study, which also offers a quick summary of the present state of mRNA vaccines. Lastly, we highlight a few difficulties with mRNA HPV vaccination clinical practice and provide our thoughts on further advancements in this quickly changing sector. It is expected that mRNA vaccines will soon be produced quickly for clinical HPV prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Movahed
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Satinik Darzi
- Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parya Mahdavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | | | - Hayder Naji Sameer
- Collage of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Mohaned Adil
- Pharmacy college, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Hasna Zarkhah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tabriz University of Medical Siences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ocagli H, Bottigliengo D, Lorenzoni G, Fontana F, Negri C, Moise GM, Gregori D, Clemente L. Identifying Predictors of Anal HPV Status in HPV-Vaccinated MSM: A Machine Learning Approach. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2024; 71:741-757. [PMID: 36332152 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2132574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has a high prevalence in men who have sex with men (MSM), resulting in an increased risk for anal cancer. The present work aimed to identify factors associated with HPV in a prospective cohort of HPV-vaccinated MSM using a random forest (RF) approach. This observational study enrolled MSM patients admitted to an Italian (sexually transmitted infection) STI-AIDS Unit. For each patient, rectal swabs for 28 different HPV genotype detection were collected. Two RF algorithms were applied to evaluate predictors that were most associated with HPV. The cohort included 135 MSM, 49% of whom were HIV-positive with a median age of 39 years. In model 1 (baseline information), age, age sexual debut, HIV, number of lifetime sex partners, STIs, were most associated with the HPV. In model 2 (follow-up information), age, age sexual debut, HIV, STI class, and follow-up. The RF algorithm exhibited good performances with 61% and 83% accuracy for models 1 and 2, respectively. Traditional risk factors for anal HPV infection, such as drug use, receptive anal intercourse, and multiple sexual partner, were found to have low importance in predicting HPV status. The present results suggest the need to focus on HPV prevention campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoria Ocagli
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Bottigliengo
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Lorenzoni
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Fontana
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Camilla Negri
- STI-AIDS Unit, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Gian Michele Moise
- STI-AIDS Unit, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Libera Clemente
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Giuliano Isontina (ASU GI), Trieste, Italy
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Lozar T, Keske A, Dube Mandishora RS, Yu Q, Bailey A, Xu J, Tommasino M, McGregor SM, Lambert PF, Gheit T, Fitzpatrick MB. Betapapillomaviruses in p16-Negative Vulvar Intraepithelial Lesions Associated with Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Viruses 2023; 15:1950. [PMID: 37766356 PMCID: PMC10537070 DOI: 10.3390/v15091950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (vSCC) cases are etiologically associated with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of the alpha genera (α-HPV) that cause other anogenital cancers; however, the etiology of α-HPV-negative vSCC is poorly understood. HPVs of the beta genera (β-HPV) are risk factors for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and may be related to carcinomas originating in other cutaneous sites such as the vulva. In this study, we investigate the presence of β-HPVs, with an emphasis on p16-negative squamous lesions adjacent to vSCC. We subjected 28 vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions adjacent to vSCC for comprehensive HPV genotyping, p16 and p53 immunohistochemistry, and consensus morphology review. Selected cases were subjected to qPCR and RNA in situ hybridization. Clinical data were obtained from medical records. β-HPV DNA was detected in eight of ten p16-negative lesions and three of fourteen p16-positive high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The HPV DNA loads in vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions ranged between less than 1 HPV DNA copy per cell to more than 100 HPV DNA copies per cell. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the association of p16-negative vulvar intraepithelial squamous lesions with detection of β-HPVs. These findings expand possible etiologic mechanisms that may contribute to p16-negative lesions of the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Lozar
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.L.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aysenur Keske
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Racheal S. Dube Mandishora
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer (CIIRC), Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Medical Microbiology Unit, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Health Sciences, Harare P.O. Box A178, Zimbabwe
| | - Qiqi Yu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Adam Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | | | - Stephanie M. McGregor
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.L.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Megan B. Fitzpatrick
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA
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Giuliani E, Rollo F, Cota C, Gheit T, Galati L, McKay-Chopin S, Tedesco M, Migliano E, Benevolo M, Morrone A, Donà MG, Latini A. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Human Papillomaviruses in Genital Lichen Sclerosus: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2023; 27:236-241. [PMID: 37052458 DOI: 10.1097/lgt.0000000000000741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory disease mostly arising at the genital level. It is unclear whether human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have an etiological significance in LS, and data on their prevalence in patients with LS are controversial. OBJECTIVES The authors assessed alpha, beta, and gamma HPV prevalence in patients with genital LS. The association of HPV positivity with demographic and clinical factors was also investigated. METHODS One hundred thirty-two formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded LS samples (2016-2020) were retrieved from the archives of a pathology department. Alpha HPVs were genotyped with the INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II kit. Beta and gamma HPVs were searched by multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. Immunostaining for p16 INK4a was performed on high-risk HPV-positive samples. RESULTS Patients had a median age of 61 years, were mostly women ( n = 73, 55.3%), and with an early disease stage ( n = 79, 59.8%). Alpha HPVs were detected in 12/132 cases (9.1%). Among the 5 high-risk HPV-positive cases, only 2 displayed a strong and diffuse p16 INK4a staining. Beta genus was the most prevalent (35/132, 26.5%) and HPV5 was the most frequent beta genotype (25/132, 18.9%). There were 3 gamma HPV-positive cases among those with a valid result (3/131, 2.3%). Multiple infections with genotypes belonging to different genera were infrequent (3/131, 2.3%). No significant differences in the prevalence of the individual genera were observed according to sex and disease stage. CONCLUSIONS Of the 3 HPV genera, beta genus showed the highest prevalence. Further research is needed to clarify whether the presence of beta HPVs in genital LS has a clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Cota
- Genetic Research Unit, Dermatological Molecular Biology and Dermatopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Luisa Galati
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Marinella Tedesco
- Plastic Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Migliano
- Plastic Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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Castro-Amaya AM, Fernández-Avila L, Barrón-Gallardo CA, Moreno-Rios CE, Guevara-Hernández SN, Magaña-Torres MT, Pelayo-Aguirre CJ, Jave-Suárez LF, Aguilar-Lemarroy A. E6/E7 from Beta-2-HPVs 122, 38b, and 107 possess transforming properties in a fibroblast model in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2022; 414:113088. [PMID: 35276208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Beta-2 Human papillomaviruses 38b, 107, and 122 have been frequently found in cervical cancer samples in western Mexico. Because their E6/E7 genes functions are not fully elucidated, we deepen into their transformation capabilities. To achieve this goal, primary human fibroblasts (FB) were transduced with E6/E7 genotype-specific viral particles. Additionally, E6/E7 from HPVs 16 and 18 were included as controls. All E6/E7-cell models increased their lifespan; however, it is important to highlight that FB-E6/E7-122 showed growth as accelerated as FB-E6/E7-16 and 18. Furthermore, both FB-E6/E7-38b and 122 exhibited abilities to migrate, and FB-E6/E7-122 presented high invasive capacity. On the other hand, ΔNp73 expression was found in all cell models, except for FB-pLVX (empty-vector). Finally, RNAseq found differentially expressed genes enriched in signaling pathways related to cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer, among others. This study shows for the first time, the great transformative potential that genotypes of the Beta-2 also possess, especially HPV122. These Beta-2 HPVs can modulate some of the genes that are well known to be regulated by Alpha-HPVs, however, they also possess alternative strategies to modulate diverse signaling pathways. These data support the idea that Beta-2 HPVs should play an important role in co-infections with Alpha-HPV during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aribert Maryosly Castro-Amaya
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Fernández-Avila
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alfredo Barrón-Gallardo
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eliu Moreno-Rios
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sarah Naomi Guevara-Hernández
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - María Teresa Magaña-Torres
- División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Clarisa Jazmín Pelayo-Aguirre
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Felipe Jave-Suárez
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Adriana Aguilar-Lemarroy
- División de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Condrat CE, Filip L, Gherghe M, Cretoiu D, Suciu N. Maternal HPV Infection: Effects on Pregnancy Outcome. Viruses 2021; 13:2455. [PMID: 34960724 PMCID: PMC8707668 DOI: 10.3390/v13122455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, caused by a ubiquitous virus typically transmitted through the direct contact of infected organs, either through the skin or mucosa, is the most common sexually transmitted infection, placing young women at a high risk of contracting it. Although the vast majority of cases spontaneously clear within 1-2 years, persistent HPV infection remains a serious concern, as it has repeatedly been linked to the development of multiple malignancies, including cervical, anogenital, and oropharyngeal cancers. Additionally, more recent data suggest a harmful effect of HPV infection on pregnancy. As the maternal hormonal environment and immune system undergo significant changes during pregnancy, the persistence of HPV is arguably favored. Various studies have reported an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among HPV-positive women, with the clinical impact encompassing a range of conditions, including preterm birth, miscarriage, pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders (PIHD), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low birth weight, the premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and fetal death. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms employed by HPV that negatively impact pregnancy and assessing potential approaches to counteract them would be of interest in the quest to optimize pregnancy outcomes and improve child survival and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Elena Condrat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lidia Filip
- Dermatology Department, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mirela Gherghe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Alexandru Trestioreanu Oncology Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Cretoiu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Suciu
- Fetal Medicine Excellence Research Center, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania;
- Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Polizu Clinical Hospital, Alessandrescu-Rusescu National Institute for Mother and Child Health, 020395 Bucharest, Romania
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Giuliani E, Rollo F, Donà MG, Garbuglia AR. Human Papillomavirus Oral Infection: Review of Methodological Aspects and Epidemiology. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111411. [PMID: 34832567 PMCID: PMC8625118 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral infection by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has recently gained great attention because of its involvement in the development of a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The role of specific Alpha-HPVs in this regard has been well established, whereas the contribution of other genera is under investigation. Despite their traditional classification as “cutaneous” types, Beta and Gamma HPVs are frequently detected in oral samples. Due to the lack of a standardized protocol, a large variety of methodologies have been used for oral sample collection, DNA extraction, HPV detection and genotyping. Laboratory procedures influence the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, which largely varies also according to the population characteristics, e.g., age, gender, sexual behavior, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status. Nevertheless, oral infection by Beta and Gamma HPVs seems to be even more common than Alpha-HPVs. The latter is 5–7% in the general population, and increases up to 30% approximately in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Despite major advances in the evaluation of oral HPV prevalence, its natural history is still little understood, especially for Beta and Gamma HPVs. The latest technologies, such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), can be exploited to gain new insights into oral HPV, and to improve the identification of novel HPV types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652665393
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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Rollo F, Latini A, Benevolo M, Giglio A, Giuliani E, Pichi B, Pellini R, Giuliani M, Donà MG. Concurrent and Concordant Anal and Oral Human PapillomaVirus Infections Are Not Associated with Sexual Behavior in At-Risk Males. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10101254. [PMID: 34684203 PMCID: PMC8538601 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) harbor the highest prevalence of anal and oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly if HIV-infected. We investigated anal and oral HPV infections in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected MSM, to assess concurrent (HPV detected at both sites, irrespective of the genotypes), and concordant infections (same genotype[s] detected at both sites). Matched anal and oral samples from 161 MSM (85 HIV-infected, and 76 HIV-uninfected) were tested with the Linear Array. Determinants of concurrent and concordant infections were evaluated using logistic regression. Anal infections were 4 to 7 times more frequent than oral infections in both study groups (p < 0.0001). Concurrent infections were not significantly different in HIV-infected (25.9%) and HIV-uninfected MSM (17.1%), p = 0.18. A concordant infection was found in 15 MSM (9.3%). Concordance was for one genotype in 14 individuals and for four genotypes in the remaining subject. In the overall population, only age was independently associated with a concurrent infection (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.34–7.19 for >39 vs. ≤39 years). None of the parameters of sexual behavior showed independent association with concordant infections. Among MSM, concordant anal and oral HPV infections do not seem to be explained by sexual behavior, but might derive from sequential acquisition by autoinoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Amalia Giglio
- Microbiology and Pathology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (M.G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0652662806
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (A.L.); (M.G.D.)
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10
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Giuliani M, Gheit T, Rollo F, Tommasino M, Latini A, Benevolo M, Pichi B, Pellini R, McKay-Chopin S, Cristaudo A, Giuliani E, Morrone A, Donà MG. Predictors of Oral Infection by Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Men Who Have Sex with Men of the OHMAR Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2804. [PMID: 34202235 PMCID: PMC8269418 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) play a role in the development of a subset of head and neck cancers. Cutaneous HPVs are abundantly present in the oral cavity. The determinants of these infections have not been extensively investigated. We assessed the correlates of oral infection by alpha and beta and/or gamma HPVs in HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Oral rinse-and-gargles were collected with a mouthwash. Alpha and beta/gamma HPVs were detected using the Linear Array HPV genotyping test and a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of oral HPV infection. Overall, 193 HIV-uninfected and 117 HIV-infected MSM were enrolled. Among HIV-infected MSM, the only determinant of alpha HPV infection was the number of lifetime oral sex partners (AOR: 8.26, 95% CI: 2.26-30.16). The strongest determinant of beta/gamma HPV infection was represented by practicing condomless receptive oral sex (AOR: 10.76, 95% CI: 1.56-74.17). Age was independently associated with alpha HPV infection in HIV-uninfected MSM. Beta/gamma HPV infection was not associated with sexual behavior in these subjects. In conclusion, predictors of oral infection differ between HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, as well as between alpha and beta/gamma HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (M.T.); (S.M.-C.)
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (M.T.); (S.M.-C.)
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head&Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Head&Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (M.T.); (S.M.-C.)
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Scientific Direction San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (E.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.); (M.G.D.)
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11
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Farahmand M, Monavari SH, Tavakoli A. Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection in different anatomical sites among men who have sex with men: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2219. [PMID: 33527636 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection because of their high-risk sexual behaviours. In this study, a meta-analytic approach was used to systematically analyse the literature to elucidate the prevalence and genotype distribution of anal, penile, oral and urethral HPV infection among MSM in the world. To carry out this systematic review, five electronic databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies published from January 2012 to November 2019, and pertinent data were collected from the eligible articles. The pooled HPV prevalence was calculated for each anatomical region using a random-effect model weighted by the inverse variance method. The meta-analysis was performed using the "Metaprop" function in the R package Meta. The overall pooled prevalence of anal, penile, oral and urethral HPV infection among MSM were 78.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.6%-81.0%), 36.2% (95% CI: 29.1%-44.0%), 17.3% (95% CI: 13.6%-21.7%) and 15.4% (95% CI: 7.8%-27.9%), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that the prevalences of HPV were significantly higher in HIV-positive than HIV-negative MSM. The most frequent HPV high-risk type detected in the anus, penis and oral cavity was HPV-16 (19.9%, 4.9% and 3.1%, respectively). HPV infection is rising in MSM because of high-risk sexual behaviours, suggesting an increased future risk of developing HPV-related diseases and malignancies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamidreza Monavari
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Donà MG, Rollo F, Latini A, Benevolo M, Pichi B, Pellini R, Giuliani E, Giglio A, Cristaudo A, Giuliani M. Anal and oral human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men: implications for risk-targeted vaccination. Future Microbiol 2021; 15:1713-1722. [PMID: 33404267 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Men who have sex with men (MSM) harbor a significant burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related diseases that could be prevented by vaccination. Materials & methods: Prevalence of HPVs targeted by the quadrivalent (4vHPV) and nonavalent vaccines (9vHPV) was assessed in anal (n = 443) and oral (n = 193) specimens of immunocompetent, sexually active MSM, using the Linear Array. Results: Of the anal samples, 34.1 and 46.0% were positive for at least one genotype of those covered by the 4vHPV and 9vHPV, respectively. At least one of the HPVs targeted by the 9vHPV was detected in 5.7% of the oral specimens. Conclusion: The majority of the subjects were not currently infected by HPV-16 and other vaccine-preventable HPVs. Universal HPV vaccination should be strongly promoted in order to achieve protection for all risk groups. In the meanwhile, vaccination should be offered to sexually active adult MSM attendees of sexually transmitted infection centers, although its potential benefit for these subjects needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Amalia Giglio
- Clinical Pathology & Microbiology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome 00144, Italy
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13
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Galati L, Brancaccio RN, Gupta P, Lohmann E, Robitaille A, Mandishora RSD, Cuenin C, Filotico R, Combes JD, Giuliano AR, Donà MG, Tommasino M, Gheit T. Diversity of human papillomavirus in the anal canal of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. J Infect 2021; 82:112-116. [PMID: 33253726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize the HPV diversity in the anal mucosa of men with different sexual behavior and HIV status by next-generation sequencing (NGS). METHODS Anal swabs from HIV-positive (n = 94; mean age, 38 years) and HIV-negative (n = 100; mean age, 37.5 years) men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-negative men (predominantly men who have sex with women, MSW) (n = 99; mean age, 38.2 years) were analyzed by broad-spectrum PCR protocols combined with NGS. FINDINGS Alpha HPV types (n = 74) were detected mainly in the MSM groups (HPV6, 11, and 43 were the most abundant types) compared with MSW (n = 16) (HPV11, 32, and 87 were among the most abundant). In contrast, beta HPVs were more abundantly detected among MSW (n = 45) than in the HIV-positive (n = 16) and HIV-negative (n = 26) MSM groups. Gamma HPVs were detected almost equally in HIV-positive MSM (n = 62), HIV-negative MSM (n = 58), and MSW (n = 57). In addition, 31 putative novel PV types were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that beta and gamma HPV types are present in the anal mucosa, thus reinforcing the existing evidence that they can be detected at anatomical sites other than skin. Alpha and beta HPV distribution among these three groups appears to vary according to sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Galati
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Rosario N Brancaccio
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Purnima Gupta
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Eugenie Lohmann
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Racheal S Dube Mandishora
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Raffaele Filotico
- Dermatologia Oncologica, IRCCS G. Paolo II, Istituto Tumori, Bari, Italy
| | - Jean-Damien Combes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Immunization and Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
| | - Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
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14
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Gheit T, Rollo F, Brancaccio RN, Robitaille A, Galati L, Giuliani M, Latini A, Pichi B, Benevolo M, Cuenin C, McKay-Chopin S, Pellini R, Cristaudo A, Morrone A, Tommasino M, Donà MG. Oral Infection by Mucosal and Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses in the Men Who Have Sex with Men from the OHMAR Study. Viruses 2020; 12:E899. [PMID: 32824507 PMCID: PMC7472018 DOI: 10.3390/v12080899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both mucosal and cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) can be detected in the oral cavity, but investigations regarding the epidemiology of cutaneous HPVs at this site are scarce. We assessed mucosal (alpha) and cutaneous (beta and gamma) HPV infection in oral samples of HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). Oral rinse-and-gargles were collected from 310 MSM. Alpha HPVs were detected using the Linear Array, whereas beta and gamma HPVs were detected using multiplex PCR and Luminex technology. An amplicon-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) protocol was applied to a subset of samples collected from 30 HIV-uninfected and 30 HIV-infected MSM. Beta HPVs were significantly more common than alpha types (53.8% vs. 23.9% for HIV-infected subjects, p < 0.0001; 50.3% vs. 17.1% for HIV-uninfected subjects, p < 0.0001). Gamma HPVs were also frequently detected (30.8% and 25.9% in HIV-infected and uninfected MSM, respectively). NGS produced 2,620,725 reads representative of 146 known HPVs (16 alpha-PVs, 53 beta-PVs, 76 gamma-PVs, one unclassified) and eight putative new HPVs, taxonomically assigned to the beta genus. The oral cavity contains a wide spectrum of HPVs, with beta types representing the predominant genus. The prevalence of beta and gamma HPVs is high even in immunorestored HIV-infected individuals. NGS confirmed the abundance of cutaneous HPVs and identified some putative novel beta HPVs. This study confirms that cutaneous HPVs are frequently present at mucosal sites and highlights that their pathological role deserves further investigation since it may not be limited to skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (R.N.B.); (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.C.); (S.M.-C.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Rosario N Brancaccio
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (R.N.B.); (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.C.); (S.M.-C.); (M.T.)
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (R.N.B.); (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.C.); (S.M.-C.); (M.T.)
| | - Luisa Galati
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (R.N.B.); (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.C.); (S.M.-C.); (M.T.)
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolorayngology Head&Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (F.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (R.N.B.); (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.C.); (S.M.-C.); (M.T.)
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (R.N.B.); (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.C.); (S.M.-C.); (M.T.)
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolorayngology Head&Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (B.P.); (R.P.)
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
| | - Aldo Morrone
- Scientific Direction, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (T.G.); (R.N.B.); (A.R.); (L.G.); (C.C.); (S.M.-C.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.G.); (A.L.); (A.C.)
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15
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Bolatti EM, Hošnjak L, Chouhy D, Casal PE, Re-Louhau MF, Bottai H, Komloš KF, Poljak M, Giri AA. Assessing Gammapapillomavirus infections of mucosal epithelia with two broad-spectrum PCR protocols. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:274. [PMID: 32264841 PMCID: PMC7140492 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been divided into mucosal and cutaneous types according to their primary epithelial tissue tropism. However, recent studies showed the presence of several cutaneous types in mucosal lesions and healthy mucosa from different anatomical sites. Methods Here, the HPV prevalence and type-specific distribution were assessed in a variety of mucosal samples from 435 individuals using a combination of two established broad-spectrum primer systems: Gamma-PV PCR and CUT PCR. Results Overall HPV prevalence in anal canal swabs, cervical cancer biopsies, genital warts and oral swabs was 85, 47, 62 and 4%, respectively. In anal canal swabs, Alpha-PVs were most frequently found (59%), followed by Gamma- (37%) and Beta-PVs (4%). The prevalence and persistence of HPV infection in the anal canal of 226 individuals were further explored. Overall HPV, Gamma-PVs and multiple HPV infections were significantly higher in men vs. women (p = 0.034, p = 0.027 and p = 0.003, respectively); multiple HPV infections were more common in individuals ≤40 years (p = 0.05), and significantly higher prevalence of Gamma-PVs and multiple HPV infections was observed in HIV-1-positive vs. HIV-1-negative individuals (p = 0.003 and p = 0.04, respectively). Out of 21 patients with follow-up anal swabs, only one persistent infection with the same type (HPV58) was detected. Conclusions Our findings suggest that Gamma-PVs (except species Gamma-6) are ubiquitous viruses with dual muco-cutaneous tissue tropism. Anal canal Gamma-PV infections may be associated with sexual behavior and the host immune status. This study expands the knowledge on Gamma-PVs’ tissue tropism, providing valuable data on the characteristics of HPV infection in the anal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa M Bolatti
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lea Hošnjak
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Diego Chouhy
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.,Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo E Casal
- Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María F Re-Louhau
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hebe Bottai
- Área Estadística y Procesamiento de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Kristina Fujs Komloš
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mario Poljak
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Adriana A Giri
- Grupo Virología Humana, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (CONICET), Suipacha 590, 2000, Rosario, Argentina. .,Área Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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16
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Winer RL, Gheit T, Feng Q, Stern JE, Lin J, Cherne S, Tommasino M. Prevalence and Correlates of β- and γ-Human Papillomavirus Detection in Oral Samples From Mid-Adult Women. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:1067-1075. [PMID: 30395247 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the epidemiology of β and γ human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in oral cavities of healthy women. METHODS We performed multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis for detection of 46 β-HPVs and 51 γ-HPVs in stored oral rinse samples from healthy mid-adult women (age, 30-50 years). A total of 407 women were tested for β-HPVs, and 310 were tested for γ-HPVs. We used log-binomial regression to identify determinants of β-HPV and γ-HPV in separate models. Using paired fingernail data from a subset of 184 women, we also evaluated whether fingernail β-HPV detection was associated with concurrent detection of the same type in the oral cavity. RESULTS Oral HPV prevalence was 20.6% for β-HPV and 10.7% for γ-HPV. In multivariate analysis, oral β-HPV detection was associated with increasing age (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] per 5-year difference, 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.86) and a greater lifetime number of oral sex partners (aPR for reporting ≥6 vs 0-5 partners, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.01-4.20). In a separate model, concurrent detection of the same β-HPV type in fingernails was strongly associated with oral β-HPV detection (aPR, 31.44; 95% CI, 19.81-49.49). No significant determinants of γ-HPV detection were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a sexual transmission route for β-HPVs and support the hypothesis that fingers may serve as a source of transmission or autoinoculation of β-HPVs to the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington
| | - Qinghua Feng
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington
| | - Joshua E Stern
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - John Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington
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Zhao W, Shan XF, Wang CL, Liu XZ, Li Z, Xiao HL, Li ZW, Zheng RT, Hou JL, Tian HQ. Topical 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for intra anal-rectal warts. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 31:241-244. [PMID: 30990345 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1594670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Condylomata acuminata (CA) are a common sexually transmitted disease. The recurrence rate of condyloma acuminatum using traditional treatments is higher than that of applying photodynamic therapy, and a variety of adverse reactions after treatment. At the same time, different parts of condyloma acuminatum after treatment recurrence rate is also different, especially for intra anal-rectal warts.Objective: To evaluate whether using photodynamic therapy (PDT) can effectively reduce recurrence of condylomata acuminata for intra anal-rectal warts.Methods: After the confirmation of the diagnosis of intra anal-rectal warts, the patients were treated with PDT with 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA). PDT was performed with irradiation of 18-36 J/cm2 at an irradiance of 20-40 mW/cm2 with light-emitting diode (LED) light energy, wavelength 635 nm. We used a special PDT light equipment for intra anal-rectal area warts. PDT was repeated once every week for 4 weeks.Results: After PDT, the complete clearance rate was 76.1% (35 of 46 patients). At the end of the 12 weeks followed, recurrence occurred in five cases. We recorded pain in all 46 patients and the average visual analog scale (VAS) pain score was 6.96 ± 1.41 points.Conclusion: The treatment with PDT is effective in reducing the high rate of recurrence for intra anal-rectal warts. Pain is still a great challenge for the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Chang-Liang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Zhou Liu
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Hai-Lu Xiao
- Jining Medical College Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Li
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Rong-Tao Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Jian-Ling Hou
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Qing Tian
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong, China
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Donà MG, Chiantore MV, Gheit T, Fiorucci G, Vescio MF, La Rosa G, Accardi L, Costanzo G, Giuliani M, Romeo G, Rezza G, Tommasino M, Luzi F, Di Bonito P. Comprehensive analysis of β- and γ-human papillomaviruses in actinic keratosis and apparently healthy skin of elderly patients. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:620-622. [PMID: 30825192 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M V Chiantore
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - T Gheit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, EVOR Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G Fiorucci
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, IARC, Lyon, France
| | - M F Vescio
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - L Accardi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Costanzo
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - M Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Romeo
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (NIHMP), Rome, Italy
| | - G Rezza
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Tommasino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, EVOR Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - F Luzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Bonito
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Di Bonito P, Galati L, Focà A, Brambilla M, Bisaglia C, Bonanno Ferraro G, Mancini P, Iaconelli M, Veneri C, La Rosa G. Evidence for swine and human papillomavirus in pig slurry in Italy. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:1246-1254. [PMID: 31251456 PMCID: PMC7166630 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The diversity and the geographical distribution of swine papillomaviruses (PVs) are virtually unknown. The occurrence and the diversity of swine PV were therefore investigated in pig slurry collected in Italy, to contribute towards filling this gap in knowledge. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-two slurry samples underwent analysis by nested PCR and DNA sequencing using published and newly designed specific primer pairs for Sus scrofa papillomavirus (SsPV) type 1 and 2 (SsPV1 and 2), along with degenerate PV-specific primers targeting the major coat protein L1 and the helicase protein E1. Overall, three samples (13·6%) were positive for SsPV1 by specific primers, and nucleotide (nt) sequences showed 99-100% nt identity with SsPV1 variant a (EF395818), while SsPV2 was not found in any sample. Using generic primers, eight samples (36·4%) were tested positive for human papillomavirus (HPV), and were characterized as follows: β1-HPV8, β1-HPV14, β1-HPV206, β2-HPV113, β2-HPV120 and γ1-HPV173. Moreover, one unclassified γ-type was detected. CONCLUSIONS Both swine and human PVs were detected in pig slurry in this study. The unexpected presence of HPV in pig waste could be explained as the result of an improper use of the sewage collection pits and/or with improper procedures of the operators. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports the first detection of SsPV1 in Italy, along with the first detection of HPVs in pig slurry samples in Italy, and expands our knowledge about PV diversity and geographic distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - L Galati
- Viral Hepatitis, Oncoviruses and Retroviruses (EVOR) Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - A Focà
- School of medicine, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - M Brambilla
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agri Food Processing, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - C Bisaglia
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agri Food Processing, Treviglio, BG, Italy
| | - G Bonanno Ferraro
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - P Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - C Veneri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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20
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Sias C, Salichos L, Lapa D, Del Nonno F, Baiocchini A, Capobianchi MR, Garbuglia AR. Alpha, Beta, gamma human PapillomaViruses (HPV) detection with a different sets of primers in oropharyngeal swabs, anal and cervical samples. Virol J 2019; 16:27. [PMID: 30832688 PMCID: PMC6398256 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown a 13-fold increase of oropharyngeal cancer in the presence of HPV, while α-HPV detection seems to be rare in oral cavity in comparison to anal or cervical district, many novel β and γ types have been isolated in this anatomical site suggesting a wide tropism range. Currently, there are no guidelines recommending HPV oral cavity screening as a mandatory test, and it remains unknown which HPV types should be included in HPV screening programs. Our goal was to assess HPV prevalence in oropharyngeal, anal, and cervical swabs using different sets of primers,which are able to amplify α, β, γ HPV types. Methods We analysed the presence of HPV DNA in oropharyngeal (n = 124), anal (n = 186), cervical specimens (n = 43) from HIV positive and negative patients using FAP59/64 and MY09/11 primers. All untyped strains were genetically characterized through PCR amplification and direct sequencing of partial L1 region, and the resulting sequences were classified through phylogenetic analysis. Results HPV prevalence was 20.9% in 124 oropharyngeal swab samples, including infections with multiple HPV types (5.6%). HPV prevalence in this anatomical site was significantly associated with serostatus: 63.3%in HIV positive and 36.3% in HIV negative patients (p < 0.05). Unclassified types were detected in 6 specimens. In our analysis, we did not observe any difference in HPV (α, β, γ) prevalence between men and women. Overall, β species were the most frequently detected 69.7%. When using anal swabs, for HIV positive patients, β genus prevalence was 1% and γ genus was 3.7% including 6 unclassified types. In cervical samples from 43 HIV positive women (18 HPV negative and 25 positive by MY09/11 PCR), only one sample was positivite for β1 species (2.4%) using FAP primers. Six of the untyped strains clustered with sequences from species 7, 9, 10, 8,12 of γ genus. Four sequences remained unclassified. Finally, β and γ HPV prevalence was significantly lower than their respective HPV prevalence as identified by the Luminex system in all anatomical sites that were analyzed in previous studies. Conclusion This study provides new information about viral isolates present in oropharyngeal site and it will contribute to improve the monitoring of HPV infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-019-1132-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Sias
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonidas Salichos
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- Laboratory of Pathology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Baiocchini
- Laboratory of Pathology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy.
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Sichero L, Rollison DE, Amorrortu RP, Tommasino M. Beta Human Papillomavirus and Associated Diseases. Acta Cytol 2019; 63:100-108. [PMID: 30673666 DOI: 10.1159/000492659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV), mostly from β- and γ-HPV genus, is ubiquitously distributed throughout the human body and may be part of the commensal flora. The association of β-HPVs and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) development was initially reported in patients with the rare genetic disorder Epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Likewise, immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients have an increased susceptibility to β-HPV infections in the skin as well as to cSCC development. Although ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main risk factor of cSCC, experimental data points toward β-HPVs as co-carcinogens, which appear to be required solely at early stages of skin carcinogenesis by facilitating the accumulation of UVR-induced DNA mutations. Several epidemiological studies relying on different biomarkers of β-HPV infections have also been conducted in immunocompetent individuals to access their association with cSCC development. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro studies are presenting cumulative evidence that E6 and E7 proteins from specific β-HPVs exhibit transforming activities and may collaborate with different environmental factors in promoting carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, further research is crucial to better understand the pathological implications of the broad distribution of these HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sichero
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Dana E Rollison
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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22
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Giuliani M, Latini A, Colafigli M, Benevolo M, Rollo F, Zaccarelli M, Giuliani E, Moretto D, Giglio A, Rezza G, Cristaudo A, Donà MG. Vaccine-preventable anal infections by human papillomavirus among HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:1463-1472. [PMID: 30311788 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) show the highest prevalence of anal HPV infection. Anal prevalence of the HPVs targeted by the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) and nonavalent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) was estimated in this population. MATERIALS & METHODS Anal specimens were collected from HIV-infected MSM attending a sexually transmitted infection/HIV center. Specimens were analyzed using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. RESULTS A total of 49.5 and 71.2% of the 313 enrolled MSM harbored at least one of the 4vHPV and 9vHPV types, respectively. A significantly decreasing trend was observed for the prevalence of both 4vHPV (p = 0.04) and 9vHPV types (p < 0.001) across age classes. CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of HIV-infected MSM do not harbor a current anal infection with vaccine-preventable HPVs. The potential benefit of the 4vHPV versus 9vHPV vaccination in these subjects, including older MSM, should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Giuliani
- HIV/STI Unit, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- HIV/STI Unit, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Colafigli
- HIV/STI Unit, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Zaccarelli
- Clinical and Research Department, Istituto Nazionale Malattie Infettive INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense, 292, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Giuliani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Viale Regina Elena, 291-293 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Moretto
- Microbiology & Clinical Pathology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Amalia Giglio
- Microbiology & Clinical Pathology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic & Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00141, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- HIV/STI Unit, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Donà
- HIV/STI Unit, Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
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Nunes EM, Talpe-Nunes V, Sichero L. Epidemiology and biology of cutaneous human papillomavirus. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e489s. [PMID: 30133564 PMCID: PMC6097087 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e489s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) include β- and γ-HPVs, in addition to a small fraction of α-HPVs. β-HPVs were first isolated from patients with the rare genetic disorder Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, and they are associated with the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer at sun-exposed skin sites in these individuals. Organ transplant recipients also have greater susceptibility to β-HPV infection of the skin and an increased risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer. In both immunosuppressed and immunocompromised individuals, cutaneous HPVs are ubiquitously disseminated throughout healthy skin and may be an intrinsic part of the commensal flora. Functional analysis of E6 and E7 proteins of specific cutaneous HPVs has provided a mechanistic comprehension of how these viruses may induce carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, additional research is crucial to better understand the pathological implications of the broad distribution of these HPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Nunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Valéria Talpe-Nunes
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Laura Sichero
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo (ICESP), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Winer RL, Gheit T, Cherne S, Lin J, Stern JE, Poljak M, Feng Q, Tommasino M. Prevalence and correlates of beta human papillomavirus detection in fingernail samples from mid-adult women. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2018; 5:1-5. [PMID: 29807613 PMCID: PMC5886955 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have not been evaluated in fingernails from healthy individuals. To determine prevalence and correlates of β-HPVs in fingernails from healthy mid-adult women, we tested archived samples collected from 2011 to 2012 using a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology for 46 β-HPV genotypes. One hundred thirteen (61.1%) of 185 fingernail samples were positive for β-HPV, and the median number of types detected in positive samples was 2 (interquartile range: 1–4). The most common genotypes detected were HPV-23 (β−2) (13.5%), HPV-38 (β−2) (13.0%), HPV-5 (β−1) (9.2%), HPV-107 (β−2) (8.7%), and HPV-120 (β−2) (8.7%). In multivariate analysis, β-HPV detection was associated with age (prevalence ratio [PR] for women 40–51 years versus 30–39 years = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05–1.62) and race (PR for non-white versus white race = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.45–0.94). The prevalence of β-HPV in fingernail samples from healthy mid-adult women was similar to the prevalence of β-HPV reported at other cutaneous sites in prior studies. We did not identify any significant health or sexual behavior predictors of β-HPV detection in fingernails. Our results support the hypothesis that fingers may serve as a source of transmission or autoinoculation of cutaneous HPVs to other anatomic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Winer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
| | - Stephen Cherne
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Joshua E Stern
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Mario Poljak
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer-World Health Organization, Lyon, France.
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Beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in anal and genital sites among men: prevalence and determinants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8241. [PMID: 29844517 PMCID: PMC5974254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Data regarding the anogenital distribution of and type-specific concordance for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in men who have sex with women is limited and geographically narrow. Knowledge of determinants of anogenital detection of cutaneous HPV types in different regions is needed for better understanding of the natural history and transmission dynamics of HPV, and its potential role in the development of anogenital diseases. Genital and anal canal samples obtained from 554 Russian men were screened for 43 β-HPVs and 29 γ-HPVs, using a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology. Both β- and γ-HPVs were more prevalent in the anal (22.8% and 14.1%) samples than in the genital (16.8% and 12.3%) samples. Low overall and type-specific concordance for β-HPVs (3.5% and 1.1%) and γ-HPVs (1.3% and 0.6%) were observed between genital and anal samples. HIV-positive men had higher anal β- (crude OR = 12.2, 95% CI: 5.3–28.1) and γ-HPV (crude OR = 7.2, 95% CI: 3.3–15.4) prevalence than HIV-negative men. Due to the lack of genital samples from the HIV-positive men, no comparison was possible for HIV status in genital samples. The lack of type-specific positive concordance between genital and anal sites for cutaneous β- and γ-HPV types in heterosexual men posits the needs for further studies on transmission routes to discriminate between contamination and true HPV infection. HIV-positive status may favor the anal acquisition or modify the natural history of cutaneous HPV types.
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Clarke MA, Wentzensen N. Strategies for screening and early detection of anal cancers: A narrative and systematic review and meta-analysis of cytology, HPV testing, and other biomarkers. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126:447-460. [PMID: 29797691 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Anal cancer incidence and mortality have been increasing over the past decade. Although the incidence in the general population remains low, it is much higher in certain subgroups, including those living with human immunodeficiency virus and men who have sex with men. Approximately 90% of anal squamous cell cancers are caused by infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Given the common etiology between anal and cervical carcinogenesis, screening for anal cancer has been proposed in certain high-risk populations using strategies adapted from cervical cancer prevention. In this review, the authors discuss important differences in anal and cervical cancer regarding the populations at risk, disease natural history, and clinical procedures and outcomes that need to be considered when evaluating strategies for anal cancer screening. They also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of anal cytology, anal HPV testing, and various biomarkers for the detection of anal precancers and cancers. The implications of these performance estimates are summarized in the context of risk-based screening and management of anal precancers, and important research gaps are highlighted that need to be addressed to fully understand the benefits and harms of anal cancer screening. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. Published 2018. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Clarke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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Donà MG, Benevolo M, Latini A, Rollo F, Colafigli M, Frasca M, Zaccarelli M, Giglio A, Moretto D, Pescarmona E, Cristaudo A, Giuliani M. Anal cytological lesions and HPV infection in individuals at increased risk for anal cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2018; 126:461-470. [PMID: 29694716 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anal cytology may be useful for evaluating lesions associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) in individuals at increased risk for anal cancer. METHODS Liquid-based cytology was used to assess anal cytological lesions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). The Linear Array HPV genotyping test was used for HPV detection. RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 1021 MSM, of whom 388 were HIV-infected (38.0%). Anal cytological lesions (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or more severe [ASCUS+]) were observed in 32.5% and 53.2% of the HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals, respectively (P < .0001). The highest ASCUS + prevalence was observed among ≥45-year-old HIV-uninfected MSM (37.3%) and 25-to 29-year-old HIV-infected MSM (66.7%). High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) peaked in ≥ 45-year-old HIV-uninfected subjects and 35- to 39-year-old HIV-infected subjects. Individuals with anal infections with high-risk (HR) HPV types were 3 to 4 times more likely to have an ASCUS + report. An HPV-16 and/or HPV-18 infection increased the odds of HSIL or more severe cytology (HSIL+) for HIV-infected MSM almost 4 times. MSM concurrently infected with HR and low-risk HPVs were significantly more likely to have low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or more severe cytology (LSIL+) than those infected with only HR types. No significant associations were found between cytological abnormalities and the HIV load and nadir and current CD4 + counts. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anal cytological lesions is high in MSM, even in HIV-infected individuals treated with combined antiretroviral therapy. In these subjects, HSILs occur more frequently and at a younger age in comparison with HIV-uninfected counterparts. Specific diagnostic procedures should be implemented to manage individuals at increased risk for anal cancer with an abnormal anal Papanicolaou test. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Donà
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Colafigli
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Frasca
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Zaccarelli
- Clinical Department, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Amalia Giglio
- Microbiology and Clinical Pathology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Moretto
- Microbiology and Clinical Pathology Department, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Dutta S, Robitaille A, Aubin F, Fouéré S, Galicier L, Boutboul D, Luzi F, Di Bonito P, Tommasino M, Gheit T. Identification and characterization of two novel Gammapapillomavirus genomes in skin of an immunosuppressed Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis patient. Virus Res 2018; 249:66-68. [PMID: 29526719 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two novel human gamma-papillomavirus genomes (HPV_MTS3, and HPV_MTS4) were isolated from the skin of an immunosuppressed, late-onset Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis patient and fully cloned. The L1 open reading frames of HPV_MTS3 and HPV_MTS4 were 77% and 91% identical to their closest HPV full genome isolates w18c39 and EV03c60, which belong to the species gamma-22and gamma-7 of the genus Gammapapillomavirus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhadeep Dutta
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Robitaille
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - François Aubin
- Dermatology Department and EA3181, Centre National de Référence HPV, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sébastien Fouéré
- STD Unit (Centre des MST) Dermatology Department (Service de Dermatologie), Saint Louis University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Galicier
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - David Boutboul
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Luzi
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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HPV genotypes detected by linear array and next-generation sequencing in anal samples from HIV positive men who have sex with men in Mexico. Arch Virol 2018; 163:925-935. [PMID: 29299683 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of anal cancer has been rising, especially in HIV+ patients and has been associated with HPV infection. HIV+ patients are more at risk of HPV coinfection and are seven times more likely to have persistent HPV infection; moreover, HIV+ men have an increased risk of developing anal cancer compared to HIV+ women. The development of screening strategies for the detection of HPV in HIV+ men is of major importance; however, there is not enough information about the HPV genotypes and variants that are colonizing the anal epithelia of HIV+ men in diverse geographical regions. Therefore, this work was aimed at identifying HPV genotypes present in the anal epithelium of HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM), with or without anal lesions (n = 75). For HPV genotyping, two approaches were performed: Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test and next-generation sequencing (NGS). In general, the six most frequent HPV genotypes found by Linear Array were HPV6, 62, 61, 81, 16 and 51. On the other hand, employing NGS, a total of 36 HPV genotypes belonging to both alpha and beta genera were found. The genotypes with the greatest number of reads, according to the diagnostic group, were: HPV81, 45, 6, 51 and 61 in MSM without anal lesions (WAIN); HPV6, 61, 70, 62 and 66 in MSM with atypical lesions (AAL); HPV6, 11, 66, 81 and 61 in MSM with anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade I (AIN I); and HPV16, 81, 58, 61 and 52 with AIN III. Additionally, a great diversity of L1 variants was observed, especially in genotypes HPV16, 58, 61, 52, 45 and 59.
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30
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Di Bonito P, Iaconelli M, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Della Libera S, Bonadonna L, La Rosa G. Detection of oncogenic viruses in water environments by a Luminex-based multiplex platform for high throughput screening of infectious agents. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:549-555. [PMID: 28704770 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies documented the detection of viruses strongly associated with human cancer in urban sewages and other water environments worldwide. The aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of human oncogenic viruses in environmental samples (sewage, river, marine, and pool/spa water) using highly sensitive and specific multiplex bead-based assays (Luminex technology). A total of 33 samples were analysed for 140 oncogenic viral agents, including mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPVs), human polyomaviruses (HPyV), human herpesviruses (HHV) and mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV). Eighty-eight percent of the samples tested positive for at least one viral pathogen and the simultaneous presence of more than one virus was frequent (mean number of positivities/sample = 3.03). A total of 30 different Alpha, Beta and Gamma HPVs were detected, including mucosal and cutaneous types. The high-risk type HPV16 was the most frequently detected virus, identified in 73% of the samples. Of the 12 HPyVs tested, only two (BKPyV and MCPyV) were detected. At least one of these two was present in 48% of the samples. MMTV was detected in 21% of the samples, while herpesviruses - HHV-6 and HHV-1 - were detected in two samples (6%). The present study is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the occurrence of oncogenic viruses belonging to different families and species in diverse water environments, and the first to successfully use, in environmental samples, a Luminex-based multiplex platform for high throughput screening of infectious agents. Our findings, showing that oncogenic viruses are ubiquitous in water environments, pave the way for future studies on the fate of these pathogens in water environments as well as on their potential for transmission via the waterborne route.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Bonito
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - M Iaconelli
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - T Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - M Tommasino
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - S Della Libera
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - L Bonadonna
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - G La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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31
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Nunes EM, López RVM, Sudenga SL, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Baggio ML, Ferreira S, Galan L, Silva RC, Lazcano-Ponce E, Giuliano AR, Villa LL, Sichero L. Concordance of Beta-papillomavirus across anogenital and oral anatomic sites of men: The HIM Study. Virology 2017; 510:55-59. [PMID: 28708973 PMCID: PMC6561082 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the concordance between β-HPVs detected in external genital skin, anal canal, and oral cavity specimens collected simultaneously from 717 men that were participating in the multinational HIM Study. Viral genotyping was performed using the Luminex technology. Species- and type-specific concordance was measured using kappa statistics for agreement. Overall, concordance of β-HPVs across sites was low and mainly observed among paired genital/anal canal samples. When grouped by species, solely β-4 HPVs showed moderate concordance in genital/anal pairs (κ = 0.457), which could be attributed to the substantial concordance of HPV-92 in men from Brazil and Mexico (κ > 0.610). β-HPV type concordance was higher in Mexico, where HPV-19 was consistently concordant in all anatomic site combinations. Our analysis indicates that type-specific concordance across sites is limited to few viral types; however, these infections seem to occur more often than would be expected by chance, suggesting that although rare, there is agreement among sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Nunes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana V M López
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Staci L Sudenga
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Maria L Baggio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenice Galan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo branch, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/AIDS, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Sichero L, El-Zein M, Nunes EM, Ferreira S, Franco EL, Villa LL. Cervical Infection with Cutaneous Beta and Mucosal Alpha Papillomaviruses. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017; 26:1312-1320. [PMID: 28377417 PMCID: PMC5540752 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alpha-human papillomavirus (α-HPV) plays a causal role in cervical cancer, but little is known about the epidemiology of genital Beta-human papillomavirus (β-HPV) infection.Methods: We used Luminex and PCR hybridization to detect β- and α-HPVs prevalence at enrollment and 12-month follow-up in cervical samples from 505 women enrolled in the Ludwig-McGill cohort study. We compared epidemiologic correlates of both β- and α-HPVs and compared genotypes between these genera with respect to co-occurrence and association with cervical cytologic abnormalities.Results: Infection with β-HPV types was more prevalent than that with α-HPV types at both visits (cumulative prevalences: 27.3% vs. 21.6%, respectively, P = 0.034). β-HPVs were mostly transient; however, only 1.98% women retained their original positivity at 12 months, whereas persistence was higher for α-HPVs (5.15%; P = 0.007). Age, parity, and sexual activity variables were predictors of α-HPV but not of β-HPV. α- and β-HPV types occurred independently. Increased risk of cervical abnormalities was restricted to women infected with α-9 or α-6 HPV types. We found no epidemiologic correlates for β-HPV infections.Conclusions: Detection of β-HPV types in the cervix tends to occur as random and transient episodes not explained via the sexual-transmission correlates that characterize infections by α-HPVs.Impact: Although it is plausible that β-HPVs may play a direct or indirect carcinogenic role, the lack of epidemiologic correlates for detection episodes of these viruses and lack of association with cervical lesions speak against their ancillary role as sexually transmitted agents in cervical carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(8); 1312-20. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sichero
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariam El-Zein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emily M Nunes
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Meiring TL, Mbulawa ZZA, Lesosky M, Coetzee D, Williamson AL. High diversity of alpha, beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in genital samples from HIV-negative and HIV-positive heterosexual South African men. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2017; 3:160-167. [PMID: 28720451 PMCID: PMC5883241 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence of HPVs in heterosexual South African men and the impact of HIV co-infection. METHODS HPV was detected in penile swabs from 195 HIV-infected and 140 HIV-uninfected men using PCR with FAP59/64 primers and Roche Linear Array HPV genotyping (LA). Genotyping of FAP positive specimens was achieved by high-throughput sequencing of amplicons. RESULTS HPV was detected by FAP PCR and LA in 79% (266/335) of the men. Men with HIV co-infection and men with HIV infected sexual partners had a significantly (p<0.0001) higher HPV infection risk (adjusted odds ratio 4.0 (2.1-8.2) and 3.7 (2.1-6.7), respectively). LA genotyping and 454 sequencing of 218 FAP positive specimens detected 45 known α-HPV types, 45 β-HPV types (34 known, 10 putative and 1 novel putative), and 91 γ-HPV types (26 known, 51 putative and 14 novel putative). Alpha, beta and gamma types were detected in 89.8%, 51.4% and 62.4% of the 218 men with HPV-62, HPV-5 and HPV-121 most common in each genus, respectively. CONCLUSION A great diversity of known and novel alpha, beta and gamma HPV types were detected with higher prevalence in HIV co-infected men and unknown associations, if any, with genital lesions and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Meiring
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Zizipho Z A Mbulawa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; Center for HIV & STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Maia Lesosky
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - David Coetzee
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Anna-Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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Smelov V, Hanisch R, McKay-Chopin S, Sokolova O, Eklund C, Komyakov B, Gheit T, Tommasino M. Prevalence of cutaneous beta and gamma human papillomaviruses in the anal canal of men who have sex with women. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH 2017; 3:66-72. [PMID: 28720458 PMCID: PMC5883282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Data regarding anal cutaneous HPV detection among HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons largely relies on studies among men who have sex with men in limited geographical settings. Understanding the distribution, determinants, and potential human health effects of anal cutaneous HPV types among men who have sex with women (MSW) is important. Methods Anal canal swab samples from 415 Russian MSW (384 HIV-negative and 31 HIV-positive) were tested for 43 β-HPVs and 29 γ-HPVs, using a multiplex PCR combined with Luminex technology. Results β-HPV was detected in 24.4% and γ-HPV in 15.9% of anal samples of all Russian MSW. In total, 34 β-HPV and 19 γ-HPV types were detected, with the most commonly detected β-HPV types being 110, 22 and 124 and the most common γ-HPV types being 95, 132 and 50. For both genera, being HIV-positive at the time of testing was a significant determinant of detection (74.2% for β-HPVs and 48.4% for γ-HPVs compared to 20.1% and 12.5% in HIV-negative MSW, respectively). Conclusions A wide spectrum and moderate prevalence of anal β-HPV and γ-HPV types was found in our MSW study sample, suggesting that routes other than penile-anal intercourse may be important in cutaneous HPV transmission. β and γ HPV types commonly colonize the anal canal of MSW, but their geographical variation in prevalence could be wide. HIV-positive men were more likely to have both genera of HPV types detected. Routes other than penile-anal intercourse may be important in cutaneous HPV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Smelov
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France; Screening Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France; Department of Urology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rachel Hanisch
- Section of Environment and Radiation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Olga Sokolova
- Faculty of Medicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin,, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Carina Eklund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Komyakov
- Department of Urology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Donà MG, Pichi B, Rollo F, Gheit T, Laquintana V, Covello R, Pescarmona E, Spriano G, Pellini R, Giuliani M, Tommasino M, Benevolo M. Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses in head and neck squamous cell papillomas. Head Neck 2017; 39:254-259. [PMID: 27618734 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conflicting data exist regarding the contribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) to the development of head and neck squamous cell papillomas. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded papillomas were tested for 28 mucosal and 79 cutaneous HPVs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. RESULTS Eighty-three papillomas (43 oropharyngeal, 31 oral, 6 laryngeal, and 3 nasopharyngeal) were analyzed. Twenty-four samples (28.9%) harbored mucosal HPVs: 3 oropharyngeal (6.9%), 15 oral (48.3%), 4 laryngeal (66.7%), and 2 nasopharyngeal papillomas (66.7%). Eighty-one cases were also tested for cutaneous HPVs, detected in 16 lesions (19.7%): 11 (13.5%) harbored only cutaneous types, and 5 (6.2%) were positive for both cutaneous and mucosal HPVs. Among these 81 cases, prevalence of mucosal and/or cutaneous HPV infection was 43.2%. CONCLUSION HPV DNA detection in a fraction of head and neck papillomas supports the role of HPV in their development. However, other markers need to be considered to confirm the association of HPV infection with these lesions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 254-259, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Pichi
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Rollo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Valentina Laquintana
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Covello
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pescarmona
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spriano
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raul Pellini
- Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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36
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Moscicki AB, Ma Y, Gheit T, McKay-Chopin S, Farhat S, Widdice LE, Tommasino M. Prevalence and Transmission of Beta and Gamma Human Papillomavirus in Heterosexual Couples. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofw216. [PMID: 28480229 PMCID: PMC5414092 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta (β) and gamma (γ) human papillomavirus (HPV) are commonly found on the skin. Few of the β types are associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Little is known about transmission patterns of these HPV, specifically in the anogenital (AG) areas. The primary objective of this study was to examine the AG concordance and transmission of β and γHPV types between heterosexual couples. METHODS Archival samples from a previously published study examining concordance of alpha HPV types between couples were tested for β and γHPV. Hand, mouth, and genital samples were obtained 5 times over a 6-week period. RESULTS Of the 21 couples examined, β and γHPV were detected in AG sites in 67% and 30% of men, respectively, and 41% and 25% of women. Positive concordance for β and γHPV was 27% and 20%, respectively, which was greater than the observed concordance between noncouples (10% for βHPV and 4% for γHPV). Transmission rate of βHPV between AG areas was 15.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3-46.5) per 100 person months for men-to-women at risk and for γHPV was 6.6 (95% CI, .2-36.7). Risks for women-to-men were similar. CONCLUSIONS Beta and γHPV are common in the AG area, and data suggest that they can be sexually transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Barbara Moscicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine McKay-Chopin
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Sepideh Farhat
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lea E Widdice
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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Does the vaginal microbiota play a role in the development of cervical cancer? Transl Res 2017; 179:168-182. [PMID: 27477083 PMCID: PMC5164950 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary but not sufficient for the development of cervical cancer. The factors promoting persistence as well those triggering carcinogenetic pathways are incompletely understood. Rapidly evolving evidence indicates that the vaginal microbiome (VM) may play a functional role (both protective and harmful) in the acquisition and persistence of HPV, and subsequent development of cervical cancer. The first studies examining the VM and the presence of an HPV infection using next-generation sequencing techniques identified higher microbial diversity in HPV-positive as opposed to HPV-negative women. Furthermore, there appears to be a temporal relationship between the VM and HPV infection in that specific community state types may be correlated with a higher chance of progression or regression of the infection. Studies describing the VM in women with preinvasive disease (squamous intraepithelial neoplasia [SIL]) consistently demonstrate a dysbiosis in women with the more severe disease. Although it is plausible that the composition of the VM may influence the host's innate immune response, susceptibility to infection, and the development of cervical disease, the studies to date do not prove causality. Future studies should explore the causal link between the VM and the clinical outcome in longitudinal samples from existing biobanks.
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Benevolo M, Donà MG, Ravenda PS, Chiocca S. Anal human papillomavirus infection: prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of related lesions. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:465-77. [PMID: 27050294 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1174065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is mostly asymptomatic, but may also have many diverse clinical signs encompassing benign ano-genital lesions, and carcinomas. Recently, interest has also particularly focused on anal cancer since, over the last decades, its incidence has been greatly increasing in developed countries, both in women and men and is drastically higher in specific risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and HIV-1 infected individuals. Approximately 88% of anal cancer cases worldwide are associated with HPV infection. This review summarizes our current understanding of anal HPV infection, discussing its epidemiology and risk factors in various populations, and the state of the art in the detection of anal HPV infection and its related lesions through both cytology and histology. Finally, we discuss the clinical management and therapy for these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Benevolo
- a Pathology Department , Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Donà
- b Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Unit , San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Paola Simona Ravenda
- c Unit of Gastrointestinal and Neuroendocrine Tumours , European Institute of Oncology , Milan , Italy
| | - Susanna Chiocca
- d Department of Experimental Oncology , European Institute of Oncology (IEO) , Milan , Italy
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39
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Donà MG, Gheit T, Vescio MF, Latini A, Moretto D, Benevolo M, Cristaudo A, Tommasino M, Giuliani M. Incidence, clearance and duration of cutaneous beta and gamma human papillomavirus anal infection. J Infect 2016; 73:380-3. [PMID: 27427205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Donà
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Fenicia Vescio
- Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Latini
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Moretto
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Department, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Benevolo
- Pathology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Cristaudo
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Giuliani
- STI/HIV Unit, San Gallicano Dermatologic Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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Nunes EM, Sudenga SL, Gheit T, Tommasino M, Baggio ML, Ferreira S, Galan L, Silva RC, Pierce Campbell CM, Lazcano-Ponce E, Giuliano AR, Villa LL, Sichero L. Diversity of beta-papillomavirus at anogenital and oral anatomic sites of men: The HIM Study. Virology 2016; 495:33-41. [PMID: 27161202 PMCID: PMC4949595 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to describe prevalence of β-HPVs at three anatomic sites among 717 men from Brazil, Mexico and US enrolled in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study. β-HPVs were genotyped using Luminex technology. Overall, 77.7%, 54.3% and 29.3% men were positive for any β-HPV at the genitals, anal canal, and oral cavity, respectively. Men from US and Brazil were significantly less likely to have β-HPV at the anal canal than men from Mexico. Older men were more likely to have β-HPV at the anal canal compared to younger men. Prevalence of β-HPV at the oral cavity was significantly associated with country of origin and age. Current smokers were significantly less likely to have β-HPV in the oral cavity than men who never smoked. Lack of associations between β-HPV and sexual behaviors may suggest other routes of contact such as autoinoculation which need to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Montosa Nunes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Staci L Sudenga
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Maria Luiza Baggio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvaneide Ferreira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lenice Galan
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo branch, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto C Silva
- Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Lazcano-Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luisa L Villa
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Radiology and Oncology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laura Sichero
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Halec G, Schmitt M, Egger S, Abnet CC, Babb C, Dawsey SM, Flechtenmacher C, Gheit T, Hale M, Holzinger D, Malekzadeh R, Taylor PR, Tommasino M, Urban MI, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Sitas F. Mucosal alpha-papillomaviruses are not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas: Lack of mechanistic evidence from South Africa, China and Iran and from a world-wide meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:85-98. [PMID: 26529033 PMCID: PMC5772872 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence on the causative role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unclear. We retrieved alcohol- and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ESCC tissues from 133 patients seropositive for antibodies against HPV early proteins, from high-incidence ESCC regions: South Africa, China and Iran. With rigorous care to prevent nucleic acid contamination, we analyzed these tissues for the presence of 51 mucosotropic human alpha-papillomaviruses by two sensitive, broad-spectrum genotyping methods, and for the markers of HPV-transformed phenotype: (i) HPV16/18 viral loads by quantitative real-time PCR, (ii) type-specific viral mRNA by E6*I/E6 full-length RT-PCR assays and (iii) expression of cellular protein p16(INK4a). Of 118 analyzable ESCC tissues, 10 (8%) were positive for DNA of HPV types: 16 (4 tumors); 33, 35, 45 (1 tumor each); 11 (2 tumors) and 16, 70 double infection (1 tumor). Inconsistent HPV DNA+ findings by two genotyping methods and negativity in qPCR indicated very low viral loads. A single HPV16 DNA+ tumor additionally harbored HPV16 E6*I mRNA but was p16(INK4a) negative (HPV16 E1 seropositive patient). Another HPV16 DNA+ tumor from an HPV16 E6 seropositive patient showed p16(INK4a) upregulation but no HPV16 mRNA. In the tumor tissues of these serologically preselected ESCC patients, we did not find consistent presence of HPV DNA, HPV mRNA or p16(INK4a) upregulation. These results were supported by a meta-analysis of 14 other similar studies regarding HPV-transformation of ESCC. Our study does not support the etiological role of the 51 analyzed mucosotropic HPV types in the ESCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Halec
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Markus Schmitt
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sam Egger
- Cancer Council NSW, Cancer Research Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chantal Babb
- National Health Laboratory Service, NHLS/MRC Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Tarik Gheit
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Martin Hale
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Philip R Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, US National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Margaret I Urban
- National Health Laboratory Service, NHLS/MRC Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, Research Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Cancer Council NSW, Cancer Research Division, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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42
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Peng J, Li K, Zhang C, Gao L, Jin Q. Human papillomavirus and polyomavirus coinfections among Chinese men who have sex with men. J Infect 2015; 72:118-20. [PMID: 26416469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junping Peng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Li
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jin
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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43
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Pimenoff V, Félez-Sánchez M, Tous S, Clavero O, Godínez J, Klaustermeier J, Saunier M, Molijn A, Alemany L, Quint W, Bosch F, de Sanjosé S, McCloskey J, Bravo I. Disagreement in high-grade/low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and high-risk/low-risk HPV infection: clinical implications for anal cancer precursor lesions in HIV-positive and HIV-negative MSM. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:605.e11-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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