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Dube NP, Thatyana M, Mokgalaka-Fleischmann NS, Mansour AM, Tembu VJ, Manicum ALE. Review on the Applications of Selected Metal-Based Complexes on Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:406. [PMID: 38257319 PMCID: PMC10819944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatalities caused by infectious diseases (i.e., diseases caused by parasite, bacteria, and viruses) have become reinstated as a major public health threat globally. Factors such as antimicrobial resistance and viral complications are the key contributors to the death numbers. As a result, new compounds with structural diversity classes are critical for controlling the virulence of pathogens that are multi-drug resistant. Derivatization of bio-active organic molecules with organometallic synthons is a promising strategy for modifying the inherent and enhanced properties of biomolecules. Due to their redox chemistry, bioactivity, and structural diversity, organometallic moieties make excellent candidates for lead structures in drug development. Furthermore, organometallic compounds open an array of potential in therapy that existing organic molecules lack, i.e., their ability to fulfill drug availability and resolve the frequent succumbing of organic molecules to drug resistance. Additionally, metal complexes have the potential towards metal-specific modes of action, preventing bacteria from developing resistance mechanisms. This review's main contribution is to provide a thorough account of the biological efficacy (in vitro and in vitro) of metal-based complexes against infectious diseases. This resource can also be utilized in conjunction with corresponding journals on metal-based complexes investigated against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nondumiso P. Dube
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Maxwell Thatyana
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka-Fleischmann
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Ahmed M. Mansour
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Vuyelwa J. Tembu
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
| | - Amanda-Lee E. Manicum
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, 175 Nelson Mandela Drive, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (N.P.D.); (M.T.); (N.S.M.-F.); (V.J.T.)
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Metallo-antiviral aspirants: Answer to the upcoming virusoutbreak. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY REPORTS 2023; 8:100104. [PMID: 37035854 PMCID: PMC10070197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
In light of the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, about one million research papers (articles, reviews, communications, etc.) were published in the last one and a half years. It was also noticed that in the past few years; infectious diseases, mainly those of viral origin, burdened the public health systems worldwide. The current wave of the Covid-19 pandemic has unmasked critical demand for compounds that can be swiftly mobilized for the treatment of re-emerging or emerging viral infections. With the potential chemical and structural characteristics of organic motifs, the coordination compounds might be a promising and flexible option for drug development. Their therapeutic consequence may be tuned by varying metal nature and its oxidation number, ligands characteristics, and stereochemistry of the species formed. The emerging successes of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy inspire researchers to make new efforts for studying metallodrugs as antivirals. Metal-based compounds have immense therapeutic potential in terms of structural diversity and possible mechanisms of action; therefore, they might offer an excellent opportunity to achieve new antivirals. This review is an attempt to summarize the current status of antiviral therapies against SARS-CoV-2 from the available literature sources, discuss the specific challenges and solutions in the development of metal-based antivirals, and also talk about the possibility to accelerate discovery efforts in this direction.
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Recent Trends in the Development of Novel Metal-Based Antineoplastic Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041959. [PMID: 36838947 PMCID: PMC9965607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the accidental discovery of the anticancer properties of cisplatin more than half a century ago, significant efforts by the broad scientific community have been and are currently being invested into the search for metal complexes with antitumor activity. Coordination compounds of transition metals such as platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru) and gold (Au) have proven their effectiveness as diagnostic and/or antiproliferative agents. In recent years, experimental work on the potential applications of elements including lanthanum (La) and the post-transition metal gallium (Ga) in the field of oncology has been gaining traction. The authors of the present review article aim to help the reader "catch up" with some of the latest developments in the vast subject of coordination compounds in oncology. Herewith is offered a review of the published scientific literature on anticancer coordination compounds of Pt, Ru, Au, Ga and La that has been released over the past three years with the hope readers find the following article informative and helpful.
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Tolbatov I, Marrone A. Selenocysteine of thioredoxin reductase as the primary target for the antitumor metallodrugs: A computational point of view. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Tolbatov I, Marrone A, Coletti C, Re N. Computational Studies of Au(I) and Au(III) Anticancer MetalLodrugs: A Survey. Molecules 2021; 26:7600. [PMID: 34946684 PMCID: PMC8707411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the growing hardware capabilities and the enhancing efficacy of computational methodologies, computational chemistry approaches have constantly become more important in the development of novel anticancer metallodrugs. Besides traditional Pt-based drugs, inorganic and organometallic complexes of other transition metals are showing increasing potential in the treatment of cancer. Among them, Au(I)- and Au(III)-based compounds are promising candidates due to the strong affinity of Au(I) cations to cysteine and selenocysteine side chains of the protein residues and to Au(III) complexes being more labile and prone to the reduction to either Au(I) or Au(0) in the physiological milieu. A correct prediction of metal complexes' properties and of their bonding interactions with potential ligands requires QM computations, usually at the ab initio or DFT level. However, MM, MD, and docking approaches can also give useful information on their binding site on large biomolecular targets, such as proteins or DNA, provided a careful parametrization of the metal force field is employed. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent computational studies of Au(I) and Au(III) antitumor compounds and of their interactions with biomolecular targets, such as sulfur- and selenium-containing enzymes, like glutathione reductases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, cysteine protease, thioredoxin reductase and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iogann Tolbatov
- Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Avenue Alain Savary 9, 21078 Dijon, France;
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Cecilia Coletti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “G. D’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.M.); (C.C.)
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6
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Pinto A, Roma-Rodrigues C, Ward JS, Puttreddy R, Rissanen K, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. Aggregation versus Biological Activity in Gold(I) Complexes. An Unexplored Concept. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18753-18763. [PMID: 34719915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation process of a series of mono- and dinuclear gold(I) complexes containing a 4-ethynylaniline ligand and a phosphane at the second coordination position (PR3-Au-C≡CC6H4-NH2, complexes 1-5, and (diphos)(Au-C≡CC6H4-NH2)2, complexes 6-8), whose biological activity was previously studied by us, has been carefully analyzed through absorption, emission, and NMR spectroscopy, together with dynamic light scattering and small-angle X-ray scattering. These experiments allow us to retrieve information about how the compounds enter the cells. It was observed that all compounds present aggregation in fresh solutions, before biological treatment, and thus they must be entering the cells as aggregates. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry measurements showed that mononuclear complexes are mainly found in the cytosolic fraction; the dinuclear complexes are mainly found in a subsequent fraction composed of nuclei and cytoskeleton. Additionally, dinuclear complex 8 affects the actin aggregation to a larger extent, suggesting a cooperative effect of dinuclear compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO─Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jväskylä, Finland
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jväskylä, Finland
| | - Pedro V Baptista
- UCIBIO─Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R Fernandes
- UCIBIO─Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2825-152 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB). Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Sulaiman AA, Alhoshani A, Ahmad S, Peedikakkal AMP, Abogosh AK, Alghanem M, Mahmoud MA, Alanazi WA, Alasmael N, Monim-ul-Mehboob M, Isab AA. Synthesis, anticancer activity and apoptosis induction of gold(I) complexes containing tris(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphane. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Pinto A, Cunha C, Aullón G, Lima JC, Rodríguez L, Seixas de Melo JS. Comprehensive Investigation of the Photophysical Properties of Alkynylcoumarin Gold(I) Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11751-11760. [PMID: 34665627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Six gold(I) complexes (R3P-Au-Coum) containing three different alkynylcoumarin chromophores (Coum) with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing characteristics and two different water-soluble phosphanes (PR3 = PTA (a) and DAPTA (b)) have been synthesized (1a,b, unsubstituted coumarin; 2a,b, 4-methyl substituted coumarin; 3a,b, 3-chloro and 4-methyl substituted coumarin). A comprehensive study of the photophysical properties of the R3P-Au-Coum, together with their propynyloxycoumarin precursors 1-3, was performed in solution at room and low temperatures. Spectral and photophysical characteristics of the R3P-Au-Coum essentially depend on the electronic characteristics of the propynyloxycoumarin ligand. The presence of the Au(I) atom was found to be responsible for an increase of the intersystem crossing, with triplet state quantum yield values, ϕT, ranging from ∼0.05 to 0.35 and high coumarin phosphorescence quantum yield values for derivatives 1 and 2; fluorescence dominates the deactivation in derivatives 3. Efficient singlet oxygen photosensitization was observed for the new compounds 3a,b. From TDDFT calculations, the relevant HOMO and LUMO of the compounds, i.e., those involved in the transitions, are dominated by the frontier orbitals associated with the coumarin core. The Au(I)-phosphane structure introduces a new transition assigned to an intraligand transition involving the phosphane ligand, and π(C≡C) system, to the p orbitals of phosphorus and gold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Cunha
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Aullón
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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de Paiva REF, Peterson EJ, Du Z, Farrell NP. The leaving group in Au(I)-phosphine compounds dictates cytotoxic pathways in CEM leukemia cells and reactivity towards a Cys 2His 2 model zinc finger. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:16319-16328. [PMID: 32432260 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01136c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold(i)-phosphine "auranofin-like" compounds have been extensively explored as anticancer agents in the past decade. Although potent cytotoxic agents, the lack of selectivity towards tumorigenic vs. non-tumorigenic cell lines often hinders further application. Here we explore the cytotoxic effects of a series of (R3P)AuL compounds, evaluating both the effect of the basicity and bulkiness of the carrier phosphine (R = Et or Cy), and the leaving group L (Cl-vs. dmap). [Au(dmap)(Et3P)]+ had an IC50 of 0.32 μM against the CEM cell line, with good selectivity in relation to HUVEC. Flow cytometry indicates reduced G1 population and slight accumulation in G2, as opposed to auranofin, which induces a high population of cells with fragmented DNA. Protein expression profile sets [Au(dmap)(Et3P)]+ further apart from auranofin, with proteolytic degradation of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP), DNA strand-break induced phosphorylation of Chk2 Thr68 and increased p53 ser15 phosphorylation. The cytoxicity and observable biological effects correlate directly with the reactivity trend observed when using the series of gold(i)-phosphine compounds for targeting a model zinc finger, Sp1 ZnF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael E F de Paiva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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11
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Karges J, Cohen SM. Metal Complexes as Antiviral Agents for SARS-CoV-2. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2600-2607. [PMID: 34002456 PMCID: PMC8239769 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome – coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), the infectious agent responsible for COVID‐19 – has caused more than 2.5 million deaths worldwide and triggered a global pandemic. Even with successful vaccines being delivered, there is an urgent need for novel treatments to combat SARS‐CoV‐2, and other emerging viral diseases. While several organic small molecule drug candidates are in development, some effort has also been devoted towards the application of metal complexes as potential antiviral agents against SARS‐CoV‐2. Herein, the metal complexes that have been reported to show antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2 or one of its target proteins are described and their proposed mechanisms of action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Tabrizi L, Yang WS, Chintha C, Morrison L, Samali A, Ramos JW, Erxleben A. Gold(I) Complexes with a Quinazoline Carboxamide Alkynyl Ligand: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Mechanistic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:1921-1928. [PMID: 34248416 PMCID: PMC8252463 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of gold(I) complexes with the general formula [Au(L2)(L')] (L2=4-phenyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)quinazoline-2-carboxamide, L'=PPh3 (triphenylphosphine), 1; TPA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), 2, and Me2-imy (1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene), 3) were synthesized and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The alkynyl ligand L2 belongs to the quinazoline carboxamide class of ligands that are known to bind to the translocator protein (TSPO) at the outer mitochondrial membrane. 1 and 2 exert cytotoxic effects in bladder cancer cells with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Further mechanistic analysis indicated that the two complexes both act by inducing reactive oxygen species and caspase-mediated apoptosis. The complexes inhibit thioredoxin reductase, an established target of anticancer gold(I) complexes. Docking studies confirmed that after ligand exchange the free ligand L2 can interact with the TSPO binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- School of ChemistryNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Won Seok Yang
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUSA
| | - Chetan Chintha
- Apoptosis Research CentreSchool of Natural SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean SciencesSchool of Natural Sciences and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Afshin Samali
- Apoptosis Research CentreSchool of Natural SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Joe W. Ramos
- University of Hawaii Cancer CenterUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUSA
| | - Andrea Erxleben
- School of ChemistryNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
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Alteration of Anticancer and Protein-Binding Properties of Gold(I) Alkynyl by Phenolic Schiff Bases Moieties. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040461. [PMID: 33805337 PMCID: PMC8066730 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of five gold complexes with the general formula Au(PR3)(C≡C-C6H4-4-R′) (R = PPh3, R′ = –CHO (1), R = PCy3, R′ = –CHO (2), R = PPh3, R′ = –N=CH-C6H4-2-OH (3), R = PPh3, R′ = –N=CH-C6H4-4-OH (4), R = PCy3, R′ = –N=CH-C6H4-2-OH (5)) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, 31P-NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The structures of complexes 2 and 5 were determined by X-ray crystallography. The effects of the structural modifications on the protein binding affinities and anticancer activities of the five gold complexes were assessed. Fluorescence quenching experiments to assess binding to human serum albumin (HSA) revealed that the Schiff base complexes (3, 4, and 5) had binding constants that were superior to their parent aldehyde complexes and highlighted the position of the hydroxy group because complex 4 (4-hydroxy) had a binding constant 6400 times higher than complex 3 (2-hydroxy). The anticancer activities of the complexes against the OVCAR-3 (ovarian carcinoma) and HOP-62 (non-small-cell lung) cancer cell lines showed that the Schiff bases (3–5) were more cytotoxic than the aldehyde-containing complexes (1 and 2). Notably, compound 4 had cytotoxic activity comparable to that of cisplatin against OVCAR-3, demonstrating the significance of the para position for the hydroxy group. Molecular docking studies against the enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and human serum albumin were conducted, with docking scores in good agreement with the experimental data. The current study highlights how small structural modifications can alter physiochemical and anticancer properties. Moreover, this simple design strategy using the aldehyde group can generate extensive opportunities to explore new gold(I)-based anticancer drugs via condensation, cyclization, or nucleophilic addition reactions of the aldehyde.
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14
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Sheikh KUN, Amin H, Haque RA, Abdul Majid AS, Yaseen M, Iqbal MA. An overview of synthetic methodologies of organometallic and coordination compounds of gold. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1866176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hira Amin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
| | - Rosenani A Haque
- School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
- Organometallic & Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faislababd, Pakistan
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Mahmoud AG, Guedes da Silva MFC, Pombeiro AJ. 3,7-Diacetyl-1,3,7-triaza-5-phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DAPTA) and derivatives: Coordination chemistry and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Brüning D, Hatlapatka K, Lier-Glaubitz V, Andermark V, Scherneck S, Ott I, Rustenbeck I. Pharmacological inhibition of thioredoxin reductase increases insulin secretion and diminishes beta cell viability. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1133-1142. [PMID: 33464387 PMCID: PMC8208932 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apparently, both a decrease in beta cell function and in beta cell mass contribute to the progressive worsening of type 2 diabetes. So, it is of particular interest to define factors which are relevant for the regulation of insulin secretion and at the same time for the maintenance of beta cell mass. The NADPH-thioredoxin system has a candidate role for such a dual function. Here, we have characterized the effects of a highly specific inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase, AM12, on the viability and function of insulin-secreting MIN6 cells and isolated NMRI mouse islets. Viability was checked by MTT testing and the fluorescent live-dead assay. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V assay. Insulin secretion of perifused islets was measured by ELISA. The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration was measured by the Fura technique. Acute exposure of perifused pancreatic islets to 5 μM AM12 was without significant effect on insulin secretion. Islets cultured for 24 h in 0.5 or 5 μM AM12 showed unchanged basal secretion during perifusion, but the response to 30 mM glucose was significantly enhanced by 5 μM. Twenty-four-hour exposure to 5 μM AM12 proved to be without effect on the viability of MIN6 cells, whereas longer exposure was clearly toxic. Islets were more susceptible, showing initial signs of apoptosis after 24-h exposure to 5 μM AM12. The activity of the NADPH-thioredoxin system is indispensable for beta cell viability but may have a limiting effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Brüning
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hatlapatka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Verena Lier-Glaubitz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vincent Andermark
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephan Scherneck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Rustenbeck
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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17
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Le HV, Babak MV, Ehsan MA, Altaf M, Reichert L, Gushchin AL, Ang WH, Isab AA. Highly cytotoxic gold(i)-phosphane dithiocarbamate complexes trigger an ER stress-dependent immune response in ovarian cancer cells. Dalton Trans 2021; 49:7355-7363. [PMID: 32432621 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly aggressive disease which is treated by surgery and platinum chemotherapy. However, a significant proportion of treated patients develop resistance to platinum treatment resulting in tumor relapse. Acquired platinum resistance has been recently correlated with activation of pro-survival endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses. We hypothesized that Au complexes that induce severe ER stress might counteract pro-survival cellular attempts leading to the ER stress-mediated apoptosis and reduced platinum resistance. In this work, we prepared a series of highly cytotoxic AuI-dialkyldithiocarbamate complexes and investigated their anticancer potential in ovarian cancer cells. Complexes demonstrated surprisingly low stability in chloroform, resulting in the formation of an Au chain polymer, which also displayed excellent cytotoxicity. Lead complex 2 induced oxidative stress and ER stress-mediated p53-independent apoptosis associated with PARP cleavage and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Importantly, 2 caused the surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT), which is the first step in the activation of cellular immunogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Van Le
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Maria V Babak
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Center of Research Excellence in Nanotechnology, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia and Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Lisa Reichert
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore.
| | - Artem L Gushchin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Street, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore. and NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Gil‐Moles M, Basu U, Büssing R, Hoffmeister H, Türck S, Varchmin A, Ott I. Gold Metallodrugs to Target Coronavirus Proteins: Inhibitory Effects on the Spike-ACE2 Interaction and on PLpro Protease Activity by Auranofin and Gold Organometallics*. Chemistry 2020; 26:15140-15144. [PMID: 32915473 PMCID: PMC7756435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold complexes have a long tradition in medicine and for many examples antirheumatic, anticancer or anti-infective effects have been confirmed. Herein, we evaluated the lead compound Auranofin and five selected gold organometallics as inhibitors of two relevant drug targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV). The gold metallodrugs were effective inhibitors of the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) host receptor and might thus interfere with the viral entry process. The gold metallodrugs were also efficient inhibitors of the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, which is a key enzyme in the viral replication. Regarding PLpro from SARS-CoV-2, the here reported inhibitors are among the very first experimentally confirmed examples with activity against this target enzyme. Importantly, the activity of the complexes against both PLpro enzymes correlated with the ability of the inhibitors to remove zinc ions from the labile zinc center of the enzyme. Taken together, the results of this pilot study suggest further evaluation of gold complexes as SARS-CoV antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gil‐Moles
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Henrik Hoffmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Sebastian Türck
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Agnieszka Varchmin
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
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20
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Stenger‐Smith JR, Mascharak PK. Gold Drugs with {Au(PPh
3
)}
+
Moiety: Advantages and Medicinal Applications. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:2136-2145. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny R. Stenger‐Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
| | - Pradip K. Mascharak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz 1156 High Street Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA
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21
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Zhang J, Abu el Maaty MA, Hoffmeister H, Schmidt C, Muenzner JK, Schobert R, Wölfl S, Ott I. A Multitarget Gold(I) Complex Induces Cytotoxicity Related to Aneuploidy in HCT-116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16795-16800. [PMID: 32529715 PMCID: PMC7540060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel alkynyl phosphane gold(I) complex (trimethylphosphane)(3-(1,3-dimethylxanthine-7-yl)prop-1-yn-1-yl)gold(I) 1 displayed mutiple biological activites including selective proliferation inhibitory, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects. The complex also induced effects related to aneuploidy in HCT-116 colon carcinoma cells, which might be mainly ascribed to the dysfunction of mitochondrial bioenergetics and downregulation of glycolysis. Induction of aneuploidy beyond a critical level can provide an effective strategy to target cancer, in particular colorectal tumours with a low tolerance of aneuploidy, and could be of relevance for 1 and other metallodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Jing Zhang
- School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Mohamed A. Abu el Maaty
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Henrik Hoffmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Julienne K. Muenzner
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity BayreuthUniversitätsstr. 3095440BayreuthGermany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular BiotechnologyRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 36469120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstr. 5538106BraunschweigGermany
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22
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Zhang J, Abu el Maaty MA, Hoffmeister H, Schmidt C, Muenzner JK, Schobert R, Wölfl S, Ott I. Ein Multitarget‐Gold(I)‐Komplex induziert Zytotoxizität im Zusammenhang mit Aneuploidie in HCT‐116‐Kolorektalkarzinomzellen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing‐Jing Zhang
- School of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare BiotechnologieRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Mohamed A. Abu el Maaty
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare BiotechnologieRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Henrik Hoffmeister
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
| | - Julienne K. Muenzner
- Abteilung für Organische ChemieUniversität Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Abteilung für Organische ChemieUniversität Bayreuth Universitätsstr. 30 95440 Bayreuth Deutschland
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institut für Pharmazie und Molekulare BiotechnologieRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 364 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische ChemieTechnische Universität Braunschweig Beethovenstr. 55 38106 Braunschweig Deutschland
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23
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Curran D, Müller-Bunz H, Bär SI, Schobert R, Zhu X, Tacke M. Novel Anticancer NHC*-Gold(I) Complexes Inspired by Lepidiline A. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153474. [PMID: 32751607 PMCID: PMC7436326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes derived from 1,3-dibenzyl-4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-ylidene (NHC*) represent a promising class of anticancer drugs. Complexes of the type NHC*-Au-L (L = Br−, I−, C≡C-R) and [NHC*-Au-L]+ (L = NHC*, PPh3) have been synthesised. The X-ray crystal structures of all gold(I) complexes are presented; aurophilic interactions were observed in five of the complexes. The anticancer activity was assessed via MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide)-based proliferation assays against the human colon carcinoma cell line HCT-116wt and the multidrug-resistant human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7topo. Most complexes showed good cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the low micromolar range, while excellent sub-micromolar activity was observed for 2c, 3a and 3b. Generally, the activity of the ligands studied was as follows: carbene > phosphine > alkyne > halide, with an exception for the highly active iodido derivative 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Curran
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.C.); (H.M.-B.); (X.Z.)
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.C.); (H.M.-B.); (X.Z.)
| | - Sofia I. Bär
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr., 30-95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.I.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr., 30-95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (S.I.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Xiangming Zhu
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.C.); (H.M.-B.); (X.Z.)
| | - Matthias Tacke
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (D.C.); (H.M.-B.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-(1)-716-8428
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24
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Longevial JF, Lo M, Lebrun A, Laurencin D, Clément S, Richeter S. Molecular complexes and main-chain organometallic polymers based on Janus bis(carbenes) fused to metalloporphyrins. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7005-7014. [PMID: 32186566 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00594k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Janus bis(N-heterocyclic carbenes) composed of a porphyrin core with two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) heads fused to opposite pyrroles were used as bridging ligands for the preparation of metal complexes. We first focused our attention on the synthesis of gold(i) chloride complexes [(NHC)AuCl] and investigated the substitution of the chloride ligand by acetylides to obtain the corresponding [(NHC)AuC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CR] complexes. Polyacetylides were then used to obtain molecular multiporphyrinic systems with porphyrins fused to only one NHC ligand, while main-chain organometallic polymers (MCOPs) were obtained when using Janus porphyrin bis(NHCs). Interestingly, MCOPs incorporating zinc(ii) porphyrins proved to be efficient as heterogeneous photocatalysts for the generation of singlet oxygen upon visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Longevial
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, CC 1701, Campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier, France.
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25
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Alsaeedi MS, Babgi BA, Hussien MA, Abdellattif MH, Humphrey MG. DNA-Binding and Anticancer Activity of Binuclear Gold(I) Alkynyl Complexes with a Phenanthrenyl Bridging Ligand. Molecules 2020; 25:E1033. [PMID: 32106590 PMCID: PMC7179095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3,6-Diethynyl-9,10-diethoxyphenanthrene (4) was synthesized from phenanthrene and employed in the synthesis of the binuclear gold(I) alkynyl complexes (R3P)Au(C≡C-3-[C14H6-9,10-diethoxy]-6-C≡C)Au(PR3) (R = Ph (5a), Cy (5b)). The diyne 4 and complexes 5a and 5b were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. UV-Vis spectroscopy studies of the metal complexes and precursor diyne show strong p à p* transitions in the near UV region that red shift by ca. 50 nm upon coordination at the gold centers. The emission spectrum of 4 shows an intense fluorescence band centered at 420 nm which red shifts, slightly upon coordination of 4 to gold. Binding studies of 4, 5a, and 5b against calf thymus DNA were carried out, revealing that 4, 5a, and 5b have >40% stronger binding affinities than the commonly used intercalating agent ethidium bromide. The molecular docking scores of 4, 5a, and 5b with B-DNA suggest a similar trend in behavior to that observed in the DNA-binding study. Unlike the ligand 4, promising anticancer properties for 5a and 5b were observed against several cell lines; the DNA binding capability of the precursor alkyne was maintained, and its anticancer efficacy enhanced by the gold centers. Such phenanthrenyl complexes could be promising candidates in certain biological applications because the two components (phenanthrenyl bridge and metal centers) can be altered independently to improve the targeting of the complex, as well as the biological and physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S. Alsaeedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.A.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bandar A. Babgi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.A.H.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344 Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A. Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.A.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P.O. Box 888, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mark G. Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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26
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Yang LP, Li CL, Yao YL, Lin ZJ, Qiao ZP, Chao HY. Mononuclear gold(I) acetylide complexes with carbonyl moiety: Synthesis, characterization, and tunable emission energy. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2019.107731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Ortega E, Zamora A, Basu U, Lippmann P, Rodríguez V, Janiak C, Ott I, Ruiz J. An Erlotinib gold(I) conjugate for combating triple-negative breast cancer. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 203:110910. [PMID: 31683128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An Erlotinib triphenylphosphane gold(I) conjugate has been prepared from AuCl(PPh3) and its crystal structure has been established by X-ray diffraction, showing a metallo-helicate formation. IC50 values of the new gold conjugate were calculated towards a panel of human tumor cell lines representative of breast (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) and colon (HT-29) cancer cells. Overall, the gold conjugate exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than that of Erlotinib against the cancer cells studied. Particularly, the antiproliferative effect of the conjugate demonstrated to be 68-fold higher than Erlotinib in highly metastatic and triple negative MDA-MB-231 cell line. The gold conjugate caused DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase and induced apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the conjugate induces significant arrest in S and G2/M phases primarily, whereas Erlotinib, as an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), blocks G1/S transition and increases G1 cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortega
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Zamora
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Uttara Basu
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Venancio Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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29
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Platinum alkynyl complexes: Cellular uptake, inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and toxicity in zebrafish embryos. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Mármol I, Quero J, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Cerrada E. Gold as a Possible Alternative to Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060780. [PMID: 31195711 PMCID: PMC6628079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing incidence and high mortality associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Classic chemotherapy against CRC is based on oxaliplatin and other cisplatin analogues; however, platinum-based therapy lacks selectivity to cancer cells and leads to deleterious side effects. In addition, tumor resistance to oxaliplatin is related to chemotherapy failure. Gold(I) derivatives are a promising alternative to platinum complexes, since instead of interacting with DNA, they target proteins overexpressed on tumor cells, thus leading to less side effects than, but a comparable antitumor effect to, platinum derivatives. Moreover, given the huge potential of gold nanoparticles, the role of gold in CRC chemotherapy is not limited to gold(I) complexes. Gold nanoparticles have been found to be able to overcome multidrug resistance along with reduced side effects due to a more efficient uptake of classic drugs. Moreover, the use of gold nanoparticles has enhanced the effect of traditional therapies such as radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, or photodynamic therapy, and has displayed a potential role in diagnosis as a consequence of their optic properties. Herein, we have reviewed the most recent advances in the use of gold(I) derivatives and gold nanoparticles in CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Mármol
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Javier Quero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, CIBERobn, IIS Aragón IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Deparment of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zaragoza, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, University of Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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31
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Karadağ A, Aydin A, Tekin Ş, Akbaş H, Dede S. Pharmacological properties of dicyanidoaurate(I)-based complexes: characterization and single crystal X-ray analysis. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1583333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Karadağ
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Ministry of Health, Tuzla State Hospital, Central Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şaban Tekin
- TÜBİTAK MRC Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Institute, Gebze, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Biology, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Akbaş
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Dede
- Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
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32
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Dalmases M, Pinto A, Lippmann P, Ott I, Rodríguez L, Figuerola A. Preparation and Antitumoral Activity of Au-Based Inorganic-Organometallic Nanocomposites. Front Chem 2019; 7:60. [PMID: 30800652 PMCID: PMC6375849 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between gelator molecules and nanostructured materials is currently a novel matter of study. The possibility to carefully design the skeleton of the molecular entity as well as the nanostructure's morphological and chemical features offers the possibility to prepare a huge variety of nanocomposites with properties potentially different than just the sum of those of the individual building blocks. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites made by the unconventional combination of phosphine-Au(I)-alkynyl-based organometallic gelating molecules and plasmonic Au nanoparticles. Our results indicate that the interaction between the two moieties leads to a significant degree of aggregation in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic media, either when using DAPTA or PTA-based organometallic molecules, with the formation of a sponge-like hybrid powder upon solvent evaporation. The biological activity of the nanocomposites was assessed, suggesting the existence of a synergetic effect evidenced by the higher cytotoxicity of the hybrid systems with respect to that of any of their isolated counterparts. These results represent a preliminary proof-of-concept for the exploitation of these novel nanocomposites in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Dalmases
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Figuerola
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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33
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Cerrada E, Fernández-Moreira V, Gimeno MC. Gold and platinum alkynyl complexes for biomedical applications. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Marzo T, Cirri D, Pollini S, Prato M, Fallani S, Cassetta MI, Novelli A, Rossolini GM, Messori L. Auranofin and its Analogues Show Potent Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens: Structure-Activity Relationships. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2448-2454. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Marzo
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DCCI); University of Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Simona Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC); Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Marco Prato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Stefania Fallani
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Maria Iris Cassetta
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Andrea Novelli
- Department of Health Sciences (DSS); University of Florence; Viale Pieraccini 6 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (DMSC); University of Florence; Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
- Microbiology and Virology Unit; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC); Largo Brambilla 3 50134 Firenze Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Laboratory of Metals in Medicine (MetMed), Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”; University of Florence; Via della Lastruccia 3 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
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35
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Yu B, Ma L, Jin J, Jiang F, Zhou G, Yan K, Liu Y. Mitochondrial toxicity induced by a thiourea gold(i) complex: mitochondrial permeability transition and respiratory deficit. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1081-1090. [PMID: 30542602 PMCID: PMC6240812 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00169c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold(i) complexes have been widely used as antibacterial and antitumor agents because of their excellent biological activities. However, there are few reports on the study of gold(i) complexes at the subcellular level. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of a gold(i) complex (N,N'-disubstituted cyclic thiourea ligand) - AuTuCl - to isolated mitochondria via various methods. The results showed that AuTuCl induced mitochondrial swelling, elevated ROS generation and triggered collapse of the membrane potential, which indicated the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). It also enhanced the permeability of H+ and K+ of the inner membrane and declined membrane fluidity, which might be the result of MPT. Moreover, AuTuCl impaired the mitochondrial respiratory chain and suppressed the activities of complexes II and IV in the respiratory chain. It also triggered the deficiency of ATP and the effusion of Cyt c, which were strictly related to respiration and apoptosis. These results indicated that AuTuCl severely affected the structure and function of mitochondria. It was proposed that MPT and impairment of the respiratory chain were responsible for the mitotoxicity of AuTuCl, thus causing energy deficiency and even apoptosis. This conceivable mechanism can serve as a clue for better understanding of the toxicology of AuTuCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Jiancheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Fenglei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Gangcheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Kun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; ; Tel: +8627-68753465
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences , Guangxi Teachers Education University , Nanning 530001 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province , College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Wuhan University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430081 , P. R. China
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36
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Svahn N, Moro AJ, Roma-Rodrigues C, Puttreddy R, Rissanen K, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. The Important Role of the Nuclearity, Rigidity, and Solubility of Phosphane Ligands in the Biological Activity of Gold(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:14654-14667. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Svahn
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Monte de Caparica Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Monte de Caparica Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
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37
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Haque A, Al-Balushi RA, Al-Busaidi IJ, Khan MS, Raithby PR. Rise of Conjugated Poly-ynes and Poly(Metalla-ynes): From Design Through Synthesis to Structure-Property Relationships and Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8474-8597. [PMID: 30112905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) constitute an important class of new materials with potential application in various domains of science. The key factors responsible for the diverse usage of these materials is their intriguing and tunable chemical and photophysical properties. This review highlights fascinating advances made in the field of conjugated organic poly-ynes and poly(metalla-ynes) incorporating group 4-11 metals. This includes several important aspects of conjugated poly-ynes viz. synthetic protocols, bonding, electronic structure, nature of luminescence, structure-property relationships, diverse applications, and concluding remarks. Furthermore, we delineated the future directions and challenges in this particular area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rayya A Al-Balushi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Idris Juma Al-Busaidi
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, Al-Khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Claverton Down , Bath BA2 7AY , U.K
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38
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Chrysouli M, Banti C, Kourkoumelis N, Panayiotou N, Markopoulos G, Tasiopoulos A, Hadjikakou S. Chloro(triphenylphosphine)gold(I) a forefront reagent in gold chemistry as apoptotic agent for cancer cells. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 179:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Estrada-Ortiz N, Guarra F, de Graaf IAM, Marchetti L, de Jager MH, Groothuis GMM, Gabbiani C, Casini A. Anticancer Gold N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Comparative in vitro and ex vivo Study. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1429-1435. [PMID: 28741878 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of organometallic AuI N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes was synthesized and characterized for anticancer activity in four human cancer cell lines. The compounds' toxicity in healthy tissue was determined using precision-cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a tool to determine the potential selectivity of the gold complexes ex vivo. All evaluated compounds presented cytotoxic activity toward the cancer cells in the nano- or low micromolar range. The mixed AuI NHC complex, (tert-butylethynyl)-1,3-bis-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene gold(I), bearing an alkynyl moiety as ancillary ligand, showed high cytotoxicity in cancer cells in vitro, while being barely toxic in healthy rat kidney tissues. The obtained results open new perspectives toward the design of mixed NHC-alkynyl gold complexes for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Estrada-Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Guarra
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Inge A M de Graaf
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lorella Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina H de Jager
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geny M M Groothuis
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi, 3, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713, AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.,School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, CF103AT, Cardiff, UK
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40
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Göke K, Bunjes H. Carrier characteristics influence the kinetics of passive drug loading into lipid nanoemulsions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:132-139. [PMID: 28807819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Passive loading as a novel screening approach is a material-saving tool for the efficient selection of a suitable colloidal lipid carrier system for poorly water soluble drug candidates. This method comprises incubation of preformed carrier systems with drug powder and subsequent determination of the resulting drug load of the carrier particles after removal of excess drug. For reliable routine use and to obtain meaningful loading results, information on the kinetics of the process is required. Passive loading proceeds via a dissolution-diffusion-based mechanism, where drug surface area and drug water solubility are key parameters for fast passive loading. While the influence of the drug characteristics is mostly understood, the influence of the carrier characteristics remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine how the lipid nanocarriers' characteristics, i.e. the type of lipid, the lipid content and the particle size, influence the kinetics of passive loading. Fenofibrate was used as model drug and the loading progress was analyzed by UV spectroscopy. The saturation solubility in the nanocarrier particles, i.e. the lipid type, did not influence the passive loading rate constant. Low lipid content in the nanocarrier and a small nanocarrier particle size both increased passive loading speed. Both variations increase the diffusivity of the nanocarrier particles, which is the primary cause for fast loading at these conditions: The quicker the carrier particles diffuse, the higher is the speed of passive loading. The influence of the diffusivity of the lipid nanocarriers and the effect of drug dissolution rate were included in an overall mechanistic model developed for similar processes (A. Balakrishnan, B.D. Rege, G.L. Amidon, J.E. Polli, Surfactant-mediated dissolution: contributions of solubility enhancement and relatively low micelle diffusivity, J. Pharm. Sci. 93 (2004) 2064-2075). The resulting mechanistic model gave a good estimate of the speed of passive loading in nanoemulsions. Whilst the drug's characteristics - apart from drug surface area - are basically fixed, the lipid nanocarriers can be customized to improve passive loading speed, e.g. by using small nanocarrier particles. The knowledge of the loading mechanism now allows the use of passive loading for the straightforward, material-saving selection of suitable lipid drug nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Göke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik, Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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41
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Göke K, Lorenz T, Repanas A, Schneider F, Steiner D, Baumann K, Bunjes H, Dietzel A, Finke JH, Glasmacher B, Kwade A. Novel strategies for the formulation and processing of poorly water-soluble drugs. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:40-56. [PMID: 28532676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Low aqueous solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients presents a serious challenge in the development process of new drug products. This article provides an overview on some of the current approaches for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs with a special focus on strategies pursued at the Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering of the TU Braunschweig. These comprise formulation in lipid-based colloidal drug delivery systems and experimental as well as computational approaches towards the efficient identification of the most suitable carrier systems. For less lipophilic substances the preparation of drug nanoparticles by milling and precipitation is investigated for instance by means of microsystem-based manufacturing techniques and with special regard to the preparation of individualized dosage forms. Another option to overcome issues with poor drug solubility is the incorporation into nanospun fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Göke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lorenz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Alexandros Repanas
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Mehrphasenprozesse, Callinstr. 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Frederic Schneider
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Denise Steiner
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Knut Baumann
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Medizinische und Pharmazeutische Chemie, Beethovenstr. 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jan H Finke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Birgit Glasmacher
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Mehrphasenprozesse, Callinstr. 36, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Arno Kwade
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Partikeltechnik, Volkmaroder Str. 5, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany; Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Göke K, Bunjes H. Parameters influencing the course of passive drug loading into lipid nanoemulsions. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 126:123-131. [PMID: 28529070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Passive drug loading can be used to effectively identify suitable colloidal lipid carrier systems for poorly water-soluble drugs. This method comprises incubation of preformed carrier systems with drug powder and subsequent determination of the resulting drug load of the carrier particles. Until now, the passive loading mechanism is unknown, which complicates reliable routine use. In this work, the influence of drug characteristics on the course of passive loading was investigated systematically varying drug surface area and drug solubility. Fenofibrate and flufenamic acid were used as model drugs; the carrier system was a trimyristin nanodispersion. Loading progress was analyzed by UV spectroscopy or by a novel method based on differential scanning calorimetry. While increasing drug solubility by micelle incorporation did not speed up passive loading, a large drug surface area and high water solubility were key parameters for fast loading. Since both factors are crucial in drug dissolution as described by the Noyes-Whitney equation, these findings point to a dissolution-diffusion-based passive loading mechanism. Accordingly, passive loading also occurred when drug and carrier particles were separated by a dialysis membrane. Knowledge of the loading mechanism allows optimizing the conditions for future passive loading studies and assessing the limitations of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Göke
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1 & Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Mendelssohnstraße 1 & Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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43
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Sánchez-de-Diego C, Mármol I, Pérez R, Gascón S, Rodriguez-Yoldi MJ, Cerrada E. The anticancer effect related to disturbances in redox balance on Caco-2 cells caused by an alkynyl gold(I) complex. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 166:108-121. [PMID: 27842247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The alkynyl gold(I) derivative [Au(C≡CPh)(PTA)] (PTA=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) induces apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma tumour cells (Caco-2) without affecting to normal enterocytes. [Au(C≡CPh)(PTA)] is a slight lipophilic drug, stable in PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) and able to bind BSA (Bovin Serum Albumin) by hydrophobic interactions. Once inside the cell, [Au(C≡CPh)(PTA)] targets seleno proteins such as Thioredoxin Reductase 1, increasing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) levels, reducing cell viability and proliferation and inducing mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic protein imbalance, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release and activation of caspases 9 and 3. Moreover, unlike other metal-based drugs such as cisplatin, [Au(C≡CPh)(PTA)] does not target nucleic acid, reducing the risk of side mutation in the DNA. In consequence, our results predict a promising future for [Au(C≡CPh)(PTA)] as a chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Sánchez-de-Diego
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn, Spain
| | - Inés Mármol
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn, Spain
| | - Rocío Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn, Spain
| | - Sonia Gascón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn, Spain
| | - Mª Jesús Rodriguez-Yoldi
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología. Unidad de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, CIBERobn, Spain.
| | - Elena Cerrada
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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