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Role of the Vibriolysin VemA Secreted by the Emergent Pathogen Vibrio europaeus in the Colonization of Manila Clam Mucus. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122475. [PMID: 36557728 PMCID: PMC9785129 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio europaeus is an emergent pathogen affecting clams, oysters and scallops produced in the most important countries for bivalve aquaculture. Studies concerning virulence factors involved in the virulence of V. europaeus are very scarce despite its global significance for aquaculture. Zinc-metalloproteases have been described as a major virulence factor in some Vibrio spp., although their contribution and role in the virulence of V. europaeus is not clear. To address this, we have studied an extracellular zinc-metalloprotease (VemA) encoded by V. europaeus, which was identified as a vibriolysin, highly conserved in this species and homologous in other pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Virulence challenge experiments demonstrated that infection processes were faster when Manila clam larvae and juveniles were infected with the wildtype rather than with a mutant defective in the vemA gene (ΔvemA). V. europaeus was able to resist the bactericidal action of mucus and displayed a chemotaxis ability favoured by VemA to colonize the body mucus of clams and form a biofilm. The overall results suggest that VemA, although it is not a major virulence factor, plays a role in the colonization of the Manila clam mucus, and thus boosts the infection process as we observed in virulence challenge experiments.
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Azizan A, Alfaro AC, Jaramillo D, Venter L, Young T, Frost E, Lee K, Van Nguyen T, Kitundu E, Archer SDJ, Ericson JA, Foxwell J, Quinn O, Ragg NLC. Pathogenicity and virulence of bacterial strains associated with summer mortality in marine mussels (Perna canaliculus). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6855225. [PMID: 36449667 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria has emerged as a plausible key component of summer mortalities in mussels. In the current research, four bacterial isolates retrieved from moribund Greenshell࣪ mussels, Perna canaliculus, from a previous summer mortality event, were tentatively identified as Vibrio and Photobacterium species using morpho-biochemical characterization and MALDI-TOF MS and confirmed as V. celticus, P. swingsii, P. rosenbergii, and P. proteolyticum using whole genome sequencing. These isolates were utilized in a laboratory challenge where mussels were injected with cell concentrations ranging from 105 to 109 CFU/mussel. Of the investigated isolates, P. swingsii induced the highest mortality. Additionally, results from quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, focusing on known virulence genes were detected in all isolates grown under laboratory conditions. Photobacterium rosenbergii and P. swingsii showed the highest expression levels of these virulence determinants. These results indicate that Photobacterium spp. could be a significant pathogen of P. canaliculus, with possible importance during summer mortality events. By implementing screening methods to detect and monitor Photobacterium concentrations in farmed mussel populations, a better understanding of the host-pathogen relationship can be obtained, aiding the development of a resilient industry in a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awanis Azizan
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrea C Alfaro
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Diana Jaramillo
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Leonie Venter
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tim Young
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Centre for Biomedical & Chemical Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emily Frost
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Lee
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Thao Van Nguyen
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Eileen Kitundu
- Department of Food Sciences and Microbiology, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen D J Archer
- Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jessica A Ericson
- Aquaculture Department, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Foxwell
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Oliver Quinn
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Norman L C Ragg
- Aquaculture Department, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
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Abstract
Gastropods (class Gastropoda) form the largest of the classes in the phylum Mollusca and inhabit terrestrial, fresh water and marine environments. A large number of these species are of major conservation importance and are an essential component of ecosystems. Gastropods may be deemed as pests, having a negative impact in horticulture and agriculture, whereas others may be used as a food source for human consumption and therefore are beneficial. Gastropods are susceptible to primary diseases and also act as intermediate hosts for diseases which affect other animals, including humans. The diseases described include two that are notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE): Xenohaliotis californiensis and Abalone viral ganglioneuritis caused by Haliotid herpesvirus-1 (HaHV-1). Research into the diseases of gastropods has often focused on those species that act as intermediate disease hosts, those that are used in research or those cultured for food. In this paper we review the viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic and miscellaneous conditions that have been reported in gastropods and mention some of the factors that appear to predispose them to disease. The pathogenicity of a number of these conditions has not been fully ascertained and more research is needed into specifying both the etiological agent and significance in some of the diseases reported.
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Dégremont L, Morga B, Maurouard E, Travers MA. Susceptibility variation to the main pathogens of Crassostrea gigas at the larval, spat and juvenile stages using unselected and selected oysters to OsHV-1 and/or V. aestuarianus. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 183:107601. [PMID: 33964304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
French commercial hatcheries are massively producing Crassostrea gigas selected for their higher resistance to OsHV-1, and soon should also implement selection for increasing resistance to Vibrio aestuarianus. The first objective of this study was to optimize the breeding programs for dual resistance to OsHV-1 and V. aestuarianus to determine the earliest life stage for which oysters are able to develop disease resistance. Wild stocks and selected families were tested using experimental infections by both pathogens at the larval, spat and juvenile stages. Oyster families could be evaluated for OsHV-1 as soon as the larval stage by a bath method, but this only highlighted the most resistant families; those that showed the highest resistance to V. aestuarianus could be determined using the cohabitation method at the juvenile stage. The second objective of this study was to determine if selection to increase/decrease the resistance to OsHV-1 and V. aestuarianus could have an impact on other major pathogens currently detected in hatchery at the larval stage, and in nursery and field at the spat/juveniles stages (V. coralliilyticus, V. crassostreae, V. tasmaniensis, V. neptunius, V. europaeus, V. harveyi, V. chagasi). No relationship was found between mortality caused by V. aestuarianus/OsHV-1 and the mortality caused by the other virulent bacterial strains tested regardless the stages, except between OsHV-1 and V. tasmaniensis at the juvenile stage. Finally, miscellaneous findings were evidenced such as (1) bath for bacterial challenges was not adapted for spat, (2) the main pathogens at the larval stage were OsHV-1 and V. coralliilyticus using bath, while it was V. coralliilyticus, V. europaeus, and V. neptunius at the juvenile stage by injection, and (4) variation in mortality was observed among families/wild controls for all pathogens at larval and juvenile stages, except for V. harveyi for larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, F-34090 Montpellier, France
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Moussa M, Cauvin E, Le Piouffle A, Lucas O, Bidault A, Paillard C, Benoit F, Thuillier B, Treilles M, Travers MA, Garcia C. A MALDI-TOF MS database for fast identification of Vibrio spp. potentially pathogenic to marine mollusks. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:2527-2539. [PMID: 33590268 PMCID: PMC7954726 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11141-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In mollusk aquaculture, a large number of Vibrio species are considered major pathogens. Conventional methods based on DNA amplification and sequencing used to accurately identify Vibrio species are unsuitable for monitoring programs because they are time-consuming and expensive. The aim of this study was, therefore, to develop the MALDI-TOF MS method in order to establish a rapid identification technique for a large panel of Vibrio species. We created the EnviBase containing 120 main spectra projections (MSP) of the Vibrio species that are potentially responsible for mollusk diseases, comprising 25 species: V. aestuarianus, V. cortegadensis, V. tapetis and species belonging to the Coralliilyticus, Harveyi, Mediterranei, and Orientalis clades. Each MSP was constructed by the merger of raw spectra obtained from three different media and generated by three collaborating laboratories to increase the diversity of the conditions and thus obtain a good technique robustness. Perfect discrimination was obtained with all of the MSP created for the Vibrio species and even for very closely related species as V. europaeus and V. bivalvicida. The new EnviBase library was validated through a blind test on 100 Vibrio strains performed by our three collaborators who used the direct transfer and protein extraction methods. The majority of the Vibrio strains were successfully identified with the newly created EnviBase by the three laboratories for both protocol methods. This study documents the first development of a freely accessible database exclusively devoted to Vibrio found in marine environments, taking into account the high diversity of this genus. KEY POINTS: • Development of a MALDI-TOF MS database to quickly affiliate Vibrio species. • Increase of the reactivity when faced with Vibrio associated with mollusk diseases. • Validation of MALDI-TOF MS as routine diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moussa
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
| | - E Cauvin
- Labeo-Manche, 1352 avenue de Paris, 50000, Saint-Lô, France
| | - A Le Piouffle
- Labocea, Avenue de la Plage des Gueux, 29330, Quimper, France
| | - O Lucas
- Qualyse, ZI Montplaisir, 79220, Champdeniers Saint-Denis, France
| | - A Bidault
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - C Paillard
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, UMR6539 LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - F Benoit
- Labeo-Manche, 1352 avenue de Paris, 50000, Saint-Lô, France
| | - B Thuillier
- Labocea, Avenue de la Plage des Gueux, 29330, Quimper, France
| | - M Treilles
- Qualyse, ZI Montplaisir, 79220, Champdeniers Saint-Denis, France
| | - M A Travers
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, F-17390, La Tremblade, France
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, F-34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, F-17390, La Tremblade, France.
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Rojas R, Blanco-Hortas A, Kehlet-Delgado H, Lema A, Miranda CD, Romero J, Martínez P, Barja JL, Dubert J. First description outside Europe of the emergent pathogen Vibrio europaeus in shellfish aquaculture. J Invertebr Pathol 2021; 180:107542. [PMID: 33545132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio europaeus is an emergent pathogen affecting the most important bivalve species reared in Spanish and French hatcheries. Using a genomic approach, we identified V. europaeus outside Europe for the first time from massive larval mortalities of scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) in Chile and from seawater near a shellfish hatchery in the US West Coast. Results show the worldwide spreading and potential impact of V. europaeus for aquaculture; these four countries are among the 10 major producers of mollusks. Pathogenicity of V. europaeus was demonstrated for the first time towards scallop, the second most important species for Chilean mariculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Andrés Blanco-Hortas
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Lema
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claudio D Miranda
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Paulino Martínez
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Dubert
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Kim HJ, Jun JW, Giri SS, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kwon J, Lee SB, Chi C, Park SC. Bacteriophage Cocktail for the Prevention of Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant and Mono-Phage-Resistant Vibrio coralliilyticus Infection in Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Larvae. Pathogens 2020; 9:E831. [PMID: 33050639 PMCID: PMC7600342 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus (V. coralliilyticus) is a pathogen that causes mass mortality in marine bivalve hatcheries worldwide. In this study, we used a bacteriophage (phage) cocktail to prevent multiple-antibiotic-resistant (MAR) and phage-resistant (PR) V. coralliilyticus infection in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. To prevent the occurrence of phage-resistant strains and decrease the effect of mono-phage treatment, we prepared a phage cocktail containing three types of V. coralliilyticus-specific phages and tested its prophylactic efficacy against MAR and PR V. coralliilyticus infection. The results of the cell lysis test showed that the phage cocktail showed an excellent bactericidal effect against the MAR and PR variants in contrast to the experimental group treated with two mono phages (pVco-5 and pVco-7). An in vivo test using Pacific oyster larvae also confirmed the preventive effect against MAR and PR variants. In conclusion, the application of the phage cocktail effectively prevented V. coralliilyticus infection in marine bivalve seedling production. Furthermore, it is expected to reduce damage to the aquaculture industry caused by the occurrence of MAR and PR V. coralliilyticus. Therefore, phage cocktails may be used for the control of various bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (J.K.); (S.B.L.)
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Isolation and Characterization of Two Bacteriophages and Their Preventive Effects against Pathogenic Vibrio coralliilyticus Causing Mortality of Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Larvae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060926. [PMID: 32575445 PMCID: PMC7355493 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is one of the major pathogens causing mass mortality in marine bivalve larvae aquaculture. To prevent and control Vibrio spp. infections in marine bivalve hatcheries, various antibiotics are overused, resulting in environmental pollution and the creation of multi-drug-resistant strains. Therefore, research on the development of antibiotic substitutes is required. In this study, we isolated two bacteriophages (phages) that specifically infected pathogenic V. coralliilyticus from an oyster hatchery and designated them as pVco-5 and pVco-7. Both phages were classified as Podoviridae and were stable over a wide range of temperatures (4–37 °C) and at pH 7.0–9.0. Thus, both phages were suitable for application under the environmental conditions of an oyster hatchery. The two phages showed confirmed significant bactericidal efficacy against pathogenic V. coralliilyticus in an in vitro test. In the in vivo experiment, the phage pre-treated groups of Pacific oyster larvae showed significantly lower mortality against V. coralliilyticus infection than untreated control larvae. The results of the present study suggest that both phages could be used in the artificial marine bivalve seedling industry; not only to prevent pathogenic V. coralliilyticus infection, but also to reduce antibiotic overuse.
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Guibert I, Lecellier G, Torda G, Pochon X, Berteaux-Lecellier V. Metabarcoding reveals distinct microbiotypes in the giant clam Tridacna maxima. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:57. [PMID: 32317019 PMCID: PMC7175534 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant clams and scleractinian (reef-building) corals are keystone species of coral reef ecosystems. The basis of their ecological success is a complex and fine-tuned symbiotic relationship with microbes. While the effect of environmental change on the composition of the coral microbiome has been heavily studied, we know very little about the composition and sensitivity of the microbiome associated with clams. Here, we explore the influence of increasing temperature on the microbial community (bacteria and dinoflagellates from the family Symbiodiniaceae) harbored by giant clams, maintained either in isolation or exposed to other reef species. We created artificial benthic assemblages using two coral species (Pocillopora damicornis and Acropora cytherea) and one giant clam species (Tridacna maxima) and studied the microbial community in the latter using metagenomics. RESULTS Our results led to three major conclusions. First, the health status of giant clams depended on the composition of the benthic species assemblages. Second, we discovered distinct microbiotypes in the studied T. maxima population, one of which was disproportionately dominated by Vibrionaceae and directly linked to clam mortality. Third, neither the increase in water temperature nor the composition of the benthic assemblage had a significant effect on the composition of the Symbiodiniaceae and bacterial communities of T. maxima. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results suggest that at least three microbiotypes naturally exist in the studied clam populations, regardless of water temperature. These microbiotypes plausibly provide similar functions to the clam host via alternate molecular pathways as well as microbiotype-specific functions. This redundancy in functions among microbiotypes together with their specificities provides hope that giant clam populations can tolerate some levels of environmental variation such as increased temperature. Importantly, the composition of the benthic assemblage could make clams susceptible to infections by Vibrionaceae, especially when water temperature increases. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Guibert
- Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-UR, Promenade Roger-Laroque, Sorbonne Université, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia France
- USR3278 PSL CRIOBE CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Gael Lecellier
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-UR, Promenade Roger-Laroque, Sorbonne Université, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia France
- UVSQ, Université de Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Gergely Torda
- ARC, Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, QLD, Townsville, 4811 Australia
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042 New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth, 0941 New Zealand
| | - Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-UR, Promenade Roger-Laroque, Sorbonne Université, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia France
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Kim HJ, Jun JW, Giri SS, Chi C, Yun S, Kim SG, Kim SW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Oh WT, Lee SB, Kim JH, Park SC. Identification and Genome Analysis of Vibrio coralliilyticus Causing Mortality of Pacific Oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) Larvae. Pathogens 2020; 9:E206. [PMID: 32168754 PMCID: PMC7157721 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is known as a coral pathogen that also infects marine bivalve larvae worldwide. It is considered to be one of the major constraints in artificial marine bivalve seed production as it causes mortality. In this study, we first isolated and characterized a high virulent of V. coralliilyticus designated as SNUTY-1 that was the cause of Pacific oyster larvae mortality in Korea. In the pathogenicity test, exposure to 2.14 × 105 CFU/mL for 24 h caused mortality to 88.65 ± 2.4% of the tested healthy Pacific oyster larvae. SNUTY-1 showed anti-microbial resistance to β-lactams, such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. We sequenced and assembled the complete genome of SNUTY-1 (5,842,676 bp), consisting of two chromosomes (Chr I and Chr II) and two plasmids (pSNUTY1 and pSNUTY2). The COG functional analysis confirmed that Chr I had more genes associated with basic cellular functions in comparison to Chr II. The results of the phylogenetic trees based on OrthoANI values indicated that the SNUTY-1 was closely related to V. coralliilyticus strains. SNUTY-1 had a unique plasmid (pSNUTY2), which could mean that the Korean isolate is different from other sequenced V. coralliilyticus strains from different geographical origins. Toxic proteins such as cytolysin/hemolysin and extracellular metalloprotease genes were encoded on Chr I and Chr II of SNUTY-1. These data facilitate the control of V. coralliilyticus infections in aquaculture by providing valuable insights into the biodiversity of this organism and valuable information for the study of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea;
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Sung Bin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.J.K.); (S.S.G.); (S.Y.); (S.G.K.); (S.W.K.); (S.J.H.); (J.K.); (W.T.O.); (S.B.L.)
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11
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Kim HJ, Jun JW, Giri SS, Chi C, Yun S, Kim SG, Kim SW, Kang JW, Han SJ, Kwon J, Oh WT, Park SC. Application of the bacteriophage pVco-14 to prevent Vibrio coralliilyticus infection in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae. J Invertebr Pathol 2019; 167:107244. [PMID: 31520593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2019.107244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus infects a variety of shellfish larvae, including Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae worldwide, and remains a major constraint in marine bivalve aquaculture practice, especially in artificial seed production facilities. In this study, we isolated and characterized the bacteriophage (phage) that specifically infects V. coralliilyticus. The phage was designated pVco-14 and classified as Siphoviridae. We also investigated the potential efficacy of the isolated phage against V. coralliilyticus infection. We conducted a survey to replace the overuse of antibiotics, which generate multi-antibiotic-resistant strains and causes environmental pollution. The latent period of pVco-14 was estimated to be approximately 30 min, whereas the burst size was 13.3 PFU/cell. The phage was found to infect four strains of tested V. coralliilyticus. pVco-14 was stable at wide temperature (4-37 °C) and pH (5.0-9.0) ranges. Eighty-one percent of oyster larvae died in an immersion challenge at a dose 1.32 × 105 CFU/ml of virulent V. coralliilyticus (strain 58) within 24 h. When oyster larvae were pre-treated with the phage before the bacterial challenge (bacterial conc.: 1.32 × 104 and 1.32 × 105 CFU/ml), mortality of the phage-treated oyster larvae was lower than that of the untreated control. These results suggest that pVco-14 has potential to be used as a prophylactic agent for preventing V. coralliilyticus infection in marine bivalve hatcheries and can reduce the overuse of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoun Joong Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Jun
- Department of Aquaculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Sib Sankar Giri
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Ecology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Saekil Yun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Guen Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wha Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Kang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Han
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Kwon
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Taek Oh
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chang Park
- Laboratory of Aquatic Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Rojas R, Miranda CD, Romero J, Barja JL, Dubert J. Isolation and Pathogenic Characterization of Vibrio bivalvicida Associated With a Massive Larval Mortality Event in a Commercial Hatchery of Scallop Argopecten purpuratus in Chile. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:855. [PMID: 31133994 PMCID: PMC6524457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The VPAP30 strain was isolated as the highly predominant bacteria from an episode of massive larval mortality occurring in a commercial culture of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. The main aims of this study were, to characterize and identify the pathogenic strain using biochemical and molecular methods, to demonstrate its pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, to characterize its pathogenic properties and to describe the chronology of the pathology. The pathogenic strain was identified as Vibrio bivalvicida based on its phenotypic properties, the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of eight housekeeping genes (ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA, and topA) and different in silico genome-to-genome comparisons. When triplicate cultures of healthy 10 days old scallop larvae were challenged with 1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1 of the VPAP30 strain, percentages of larval survival of 78.9 ± 3.3%, 34.3 ± 4.9%, and 0% were observed at 12, 2,4 and 36 h, respectively, whereas uninfected larval cultures showed survival rates of 97.4 ± 1.2% after of 48 h. Clinical symptoms exhibited by the scallop larvae infected with the VPAP30 strain include the accumulation of bacteria around the scallop larvae, velum disruption and necrosis of digestive gland. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of VPAP30 strain at 24 and 48 h was 1.3 × 104 and 1.2 × 103 CFU mL-1, respectively. The invasive pathogenic activity of the VPAP30 strain was investigated with staining of the bacterial pathogen with 5-DTAF and analyzing bacterial invasion using epifluorescence, and a complete bacterial dissemination inside the larvae at 24 h post-infection was observed. When scallop larvae were inoculated with cell-free extracellular products (ECPs) of VPAP30, the larval survival rate was 59.5 ± 1.7%, significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the control group (97.4 ± 1.2%) whereas larvae treated with heat-treated ECPs exhibited a survival rate of 61.6 ± 1.8% after 48 h of exposure. V. bivalvicida VPAP30 exhibits high pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, mediated both by bacterial invasion and the production of toxigenic heat-stable compounds. This report constitutes the first isolation of V. bivalvicida out of Europe and extends the host range of this species, having demonstrated its pathogenic activity on the Chilean scallop larvae (A. purpuratus). These results supporting the pathogenic potential of V. bivalvicida to kill the larvae of a broad range of bivalve species reared in hatcheries located in the Atlantic and the Pacific coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio D Miranda
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,Centro AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro AquaPacífico, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Dubert
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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13
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Shao P, Yong P, Wang X, Xie S, Fan Y, Zang L, Cui L, Sun J. Isolation, identification, and histopathological analysis of Vibrio tubiashii from lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 133:195-205. [PMID: 31187734 DOI: 10.3354/dao03350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus is an economically important aquaculture species; however, the low survival rate of juvenile seahorses severely restricts their large-scale cultivation. According to previous research, dead juvenile seahorses (4-6 cm) showed symptoms of suspected enteritis, including abdominal depression, raised cloaca, partial hepatic congestion, and yellow sticky liquid filling the intestine. Here, we isolated a Gram-negative bacterium from diseased juvenile seahorses and tentatively named the strain HEL-5. Healthy juvenile seahorses were then challenged with the strain through intraperitoneal injection, with results confirming that HEL-5 was pathogenic for seahorses at a median lethal dose of 5.81 × 105 CFU g-1 fish weight. Based on morphological observations, biochemical characteristics, and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (gyrB, ftsZ, and gapA), we identified HEL-5 as Vibrio tubiashii. Histopathological observations revealed that V. tubiashii was capable of causing lytic necrosis of hepatocytes and forming obvious necrotic foci, and renal pathology was characterized by tubular collapse and tubular epithelial-cell shedding into the lumen accompanied by a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating the tissues of the intestines and kidneys. Antimicrobial-susceptibility testing showed that the strain was highly sensitive to macrolides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and cephalosporins. These findings represent the first report of isolation of V. tubiashii from diseased juvenile seahorses and provide a foundation for the prevention and treatment of vibrio disease in seahorse aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
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14
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Burioli EAV, Varello K, Trancart S, Bozzetta E, Gorla A, Prearo M, Houssin M. First description of a mortality event in adult Pacific oysters in Italy associated with infection by a Tenacibaculum soleae strain. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:215-221. [PMID: 28836671 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Summer mortality episodes in adult Pacific oysters have been described since the 1950s in various farming areas. Starting in 2012, a recrudescence of mortalities in commercial-sized oysters was first observed in France and then in Italy, with seasonality extension and translation later in the year. Moribund individuals collected during an event in Italy in December 2014 showed yellowish lesions of the mantle and adductor muscle. Histological examination revealed filamentous bacteria associated with necrotic areas. Quantitative PCRs targeting OsHV-1 and Vibrio aestuarianus detected only high loads of the pathogenic bacteria in tissues of symptomatic individuals. A lower diversity of the hemolymph microbiota was also evidenced in moribund individuals, with a predominance of Vibrio and Arcobacter species. A strain of Flavobacteriaceae was isolated from all the symptomatic individuals. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strain as Tenacibaculum soleae. When strain pathogenicity was tested by injection in adult individuals, it induced mortality rates of up to 45%, even in the absence of V. aestuarianus. As mortality occurred only 11 days post-infection, further investigation is needed to determine its effective virulence in natural conditions. This is the first description of a Tenacibaculum strain associated with bivalve mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A V Burioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K Varello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - S Trancart
- Laboratoire LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Saint Contest, France
| | - E Bozzetta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - A Gorla
- Compagnia Ostricola Mediterranea, San Teodoro (OT), Italy
| | - M Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - M Houssin
- Laboratoire LABÉO Frank Duncombe, Saint Contest, France
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15
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Destoumieux-Garzón D, Rosa RD, Schmitt P, Barreto C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Mitta G, Gueguen Y, Bachère E. Antimicrobial peptides in marine invertebrate health and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0300. [PMID: 27160602 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture contributes more than one-third of the animal protein from marine sources worldwide. A significant proportion of aquaculture products are derived from marine protostomes that are commonly referred to as 'marine invertebrates'. Among them, penaeid shrimp (Ecdysozosoa, Arthropoda) and bivalve molluscs (Lophotrochozoa, Mollusca) are economically important. Mass rearing of arthropods and molluscs causes problems with pathogens in aquatic ecosystems that are exploited by humans. Remarkably, species of corals (Cnidaria) living in non-exploited ecosystems also suffer from devastating infectious diseases that display intriguing similarities with those affecting farmed animals. Infectious diseases affecting wild and farmed animals that are present in marine environments are predicted to increase in the future. This paper summarizes the role of the main pathogens and their interaction with host immunity, with a specific focus on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and pathogen resistance against AMPs. We provide a detailed review of penaeid shrimp AMPs and their role at the interface between the host and its resident/pathogenic microbiota. We also briefly describe the relevance of marine invertebrate AMPs in an applied context.This article is part of the themed issue 'Evolutionary ecology of arthropod antimicrobial peptides'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Destoumieux-Garzón
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, 2373223 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cairé Barreto
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- Ifremer, UMR 241 EIO, LabexCorail, BP 7004, 98719 Taravao, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Yannick Gueguen
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
| | - Evelyne Bachère
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France UPVD, Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France Université de Montpellier, Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE, UMR5244), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier cedex, France
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16
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Xie Y, Qiu N, Wang G. Toward a better guard of coastal water safety-Microbial distribution in coastal water and their facile detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:5-16. [PMID: 28215556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prosperous development in marine-based tourism has raised increasing concerns over the sanitary quality of coastal waters with potential microbial contamination. The World Health Organization has set stringent standards over a list of pathogenic microorganisms posing potential threats to people with frequent coastal water exposure and has asked for efficient detection procedures for pathogen facile identification. Inspection of survey events regarding the occurrence of marine pathogens in recreational beaches in recent years has reinforced the need for the development of a rapid identification procedure. In this review, we examine the possibility of recruiting uniform molecular assays to identify different marine pathogens and the feasibility of appropriate biomarkers, including enterochelin biosynthetic genes, for general toxicity assays. The focus is not only on bacterial pathogens but also on other groups of infectious pathogens. The ultimate goal is the development of a handy method to more efficiently and rapidly detect marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Xie
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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17
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Dubert J, Barja JL, Romalde JL. New Insights into Pathogenic Vibrios Affecting Bivalves in Hatcheries: Present and Future Prospects. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:762. [PMID: 28515714 PMCID: PMC5413579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hatcheries constitute nowadays the only viable solution to support the husbandry of bivalve molluscs due to the depletion and/or overexploitation of their natural beds. Hatchery activities include the broodstock conditioning and spawning, rearing larvae and spat, and the production of microalgae to feed all stages of the production cycle. However, outbreaks of disease continue to be the main bottleneck for successful larval and spat production, most of them caused by different representatives of the genus Vibrio. Therefore, attention must be paid on preventive and management measures that allow the control of such undesirable bacterial populations. The present review provides an updated picture of the recently characterized Vibrio species associated with disease of bivalve molluscs during early stages of development, including the controversial taxonomic affiliation of some of them and relevant advances in the knowledge of their virulence determinants. The problematic use of antibiotics, as well as its eco-friendly alternatives are also critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Dubert
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
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18
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Rojas R, Miranda CD, Santander J, Romero J. First Report of Vibrio tubiashii Associated with a Massive Larval Mortality Event in a Commercial Hatchery of Scallop Argopecten purpuratus in Chile. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1473. [PMID: 27703450 PMCID: PMC5029309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The VPAP30 strain was isolated as the highly predominant bacteria from an episode of massive larval mortality occurring in a commercial culture of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. The main aims of this study were, to characterize and identify the pathogenic strain using biochemical and molecular methods to demonstrate its pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, to characterize its pathogenic properties and to describe the chronology of this pathology. The pathogenic strain was identified as Vibrio tubiashii based on its phenotypic properties and the sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes (ftsZ, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA and topA). When triplicate cultures of healthy 10–day–old scallop larvae were challenged with 1 × 105 colony forming units (CFU) mL-1 of the VPAP30 strain, percentages of larval survival of 78.87 ± 3.33%, 34.32 ± 4.94%, and 0% were observed at 12, 24, and 36 h, respectively; whereas uninfected larval cultures showed survival rates of 97.4 ± 1.24% after of 48 h. Clinical symptoms exhibited by the scallop larvae infected with the VPAP30 strain include the accumulation of bacteria around the scallop larvae, velum disruption and necrosis of digestive gland. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of VPAP30 strain at 24 and 48 h was 1.3 × 104 and 1.2 × 103 CFU mL-1, respectively. The invasive pathogenic activity of the VPAP30 strain was investigated with staining of the bacterial pathogen with 5-DTAF and analyzing bacterial invasion using epifluorescence, and a complete bacterial dissemination inside the larvae at 24 h post-infection was observed. When scallop larvae were inoculated with cell-free extracellular products (ECPs) of VPAP30, the larval survival rate was 59.5 ± 1.66%, significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the control group (97.4 ± 1.20%) whereas larvae treated with heat-treated ECPs exhibited a survival rate of 61.6 ± 1.84% after 48 h of exposure. This is the first report of the isolation of V. tubiashii from the diseased larvae of the scallop A. purpuratus, occurring in a commercial culture in Chile, and it was demonstrated that the VPAP30 strain exhibits high pathogenic activity on scallop larvae, mediated both by bacterial invasion and the production of toxigenic heat-stable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del NorteCoquimbo, Chile; Centro AquapacíficoCoquimbo, Chile
| | - Claudio D Miranda
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del NorteCoquimbo, Chile; Centro AquapacíficoCoquimbo, Chile
| | - Javier Santander
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana y Vacunación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Centro AquapacíficoCoquimbo, Chile
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19
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Falaise C, François C, Travers MA, Morga B, Haure J, Tremblay R, Turcotte F, Pasetto P, Gastineau R, Hardivillier Y, Leignel V, Mouget JL. Antimicrobial Compounds from Eukaryotic Microalgae against Human Pathogens and Diseases in Aquaculture. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:E159. [PMID: 27598176 PMCID: PMC5039530 DOI: 10.3390/md14090159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for novel compounds of marine origin has increased in the last decades for their application in various areas such as pharmaceutical, human or animal nutrition, cosmetics or bioenergy. In this context of blue technology development, microalgae are of particular interest due to their immense biodiversity and their relatively simple growth needs. In this review, we discuss about the promising use of microalgae and microalgal compounds as sources of natural antibiotics against human pathogens but also about their potential to limit microbial infections in aquaculture. An alternative to conventional antibiotics is needed as the microbial resistance to these drugs is increasing in humans and animals. Furthermore, using natural antibiotics for livestock could meet the consumer demand to avoid chemicals in food, would support a sustainable aquaculture and present the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Using natural and renewable microalgal compounds is still in its early days, but considering the important research development and rapid improvement in culture, extraction and purification processes, the valorization of microalgae will surely extend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Falaise
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Cyrille François
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Benjamin Morga
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Joël Haure
- Ifremer, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et de Pathologie des Mollusques Marins, Avenue Mus de Loup, La Tremblade 17390, France.
| | - Réjean Tremblay
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - François Turcotte
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- UMR CNRS 6283 Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Romain Gastineau
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Yann Hardivillier
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Vincent Leignel
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- FR CNRS 3473 IUML Mer-Molécules-Santé (MMS), Université du Maine, Avenue O. Messiaen, Le Mans 72085, France.
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20
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Dubert J, Romalde JL, Spinard EJ, Nelson DR, Gomez-Chiarri M, Barja JL. Reclassification of the larval pathogen for marine bivalves Vibrio tubiashii subsp. europaeus as Vibrio europaeus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:4791-4796. [PMID: 27538951 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Orientalis clade has a relevant significance for bivalve aquaculture since it includes the pathogens Vibrio bivalvicida, Vibrio tubiashii subsp. tubiashii and Vibrio tubiashii subsp. europaeus. However, the previous taxonomic description of the subspecies of V. tubiashii shows some incongruities that should be emended. In the genomic age, the comparison between genome assemblies is the key to clarify the taxonomic position of both subspecies. With this purpose, we have tested the ability of multilocus sequence analysis based on eight housekeeping gene sequences (gapA, gyrB, ftsZ, mreB, pyrH, recA, rpoA and topA), different in silico genome-to-genome comparisons, chemotaxonomic features and phenotypic traits to reclassify the subspecies V. tubiashii subsp. europaeus within the Orientalis clade. This polyphasic approach clearly demonstrated that this subspecies is phylogenetically and phenotypically distinct from V. tubiashii and should be elevated to the rank of species as Vibrio europaeus sp. nov. This reclassification allows us to update the Orientalis clade (V. bivalvicida,V. brasiliensis, V. crosai, V. hepatarius, V. orientalis, V. sinaloensis, V. tubiashii and V. europaeus sp. nov.) and reconstruct a better phylogeny of the genus Vibrio. An emended description of V. tubiashii is provided. Finally, the proposed novel species is represented by emergent bivalve pathogens [type strain PP-638T (=CECT 8136T=DSM 27349T), PP2-843 and 07/118 T2] responsible for high mortalities in Spanish and French hatcheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Dubert
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Edward J Spinard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Marta Gomez-Chiarri
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS-Facultad de Biología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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21
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Emerging Bivalve Pathogen Vibrio tubiashii subsp. europaeus. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/4/e00625-16. [PMID: 27469949 PMCID: PMC4966453 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00625-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio tubiashii subsp. europaeus is a bivalve pathogen isolated during episodes of mortality affecting larval cultures in different shellfish hatcheries. Here, we announce the draft genome sequence of the type strain PP-638 and describe potential virulence factors, which may provide insight into the mechanism of pathogenicity.
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Dubert J, Nelson DR, Spinard EJ, Kessner L, Gomez-Chiarri M, Costa FD, Prado S, Barja JL. Following the infection process of vibriosis in Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) larvae through GFP-tagged pathogenic Vibrio species. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 133:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dubert J, Romalde JL, Prado S, Barja JL. Vibrio bivalvicida sp. nov., a novel larval pathogen for bivalve molluscs reared in a hatchery. Syst Appl Microbiol 2015; 39:8-13. [PMID: 26654527 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three isolates were obtained from cultures of carpet shell clam (Ruditapes decussatus) reared in a bivalve hatchery (Galicia, NW Spain) from different sources: healthy broodstock, moribund larvae and the seawater corresponding to the larval tank. All isolates were studied by a polyphasic approach, including a phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated sequences of the five housekeeping genes ftsZ, gyrB, pyrH, recA and rpoA. The analysis supported their inclusion in the Orientalis clade of the genus Vibrio, and they formed a tight group separated from the closest relatives: Vibrio tubiashii subsp. europaensis, Vibrio tubiashii subsp. tubiashii and Vibrio orientalis. The percentages of genomic resemblance, including average nucleotide identity, DNA-DNA hybridization and in silico genome-to-genome comparison, between the type strain and the closest relatives were below values for species delineation and confirmed the taxonomic position of the new species, which could be differentiated from the related taxa on the basis of several phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, including FAME and MALDI-TOF-MS. The pathogenicity of the new species was demonstrated in larvae of R. decussatus, Ruditapes philippinarum, Ostrea edulis and Donax trunculus. The results demonstrated that the strains analyzed represented a novel species in the Orientalis clade of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio bivalvicida sp. nov. is proposed, with 605(T) (= CECT 8855(T)=CAIM 1904(T)) designated as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Dubert
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain.
| | - Jesús L Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Susana Prado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS - Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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Travers MA, Boettcher Miller K, Roque A, Friedman CS. Bacterial diseases in marine bivalves. J Invertebr Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mersni-Achour R, Cheikh YB, Pichereau V, Doghri I, Etien C, Dégremont L, Saulnier D, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Travers MA. Factors other than metalloprotease are required for full virulence of French Vibrio tubiashii isolates in oyster larvae. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2015; 161:997-1007. [PMID: 25701736 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio tubiashii is a marine pathogen isolated from larval and juvenile bivalve molluscs that causes bacillary necrosis. Recent studies demonstrated the isolation of this species in a French experimental hatchery/nursery affecting Crassostrea gigas spat in 2007. Here, using larvae of C. gigas as an interaction model, we showed that the French V. tubiashii is virulent to larvae and can cause bacillary necrosis symptoms with an LD50 of about 2.3 × 10(3) c.f.u. ml(-1) after 24 h. Moreover, complete or gel permeation HPLC fractionated extracellular products (ECPs) of this strain appeared toxic to larvae. MS-MS analysis of the different ECP fractions revealed the existence of an extracellular metalloprotease and other suspected virulence factors. This observation is also supported by the expression level of some potential virulence factors. The overall results suggest that the pathology caused by the French V. tubiashii in C. gigas oysters is caused by a group of toxic factors and not only the metalloprotease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Mersni-Achour
- Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Yosra Ben Cheikh
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/IFREMER, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Ibtissem Doghri
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Cédric Etien
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Lionel Dégremont
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- IFREMER, Centre Ifremer du Pacifique, UMR 241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, Tahiti, 98719 Taravao, French Polynesia
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Ingrid Fruitier-Arnaudin
- Fédération de Recherche en Environnement et Développement Durable, FR CNRS 3097, Université de La Rochelle, La Rochelle, France
- UMR 7266 CNRS-ULR, LIENSs, Equipe Approches Moléculaires, Environnement-Santé, Université de La Rochelle, Avenue Michel Crépeau, 17042 La Rochelle, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- IFREMER, SG2M-LGPMM, Laboratoire de Génétique et Pathologie des Mollusques Marins Avenue de Mus de Loup, 17390 La Tremblade, France
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26
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Mersni-Achour R, Imbert-Auvray N, Huet V, Cheikh YB, Faury N, Doghri I, Rouatbi S, Bordenave S, Travers MA, Saulnier D, Fruitier-Arnaudin I. First description of French V. tubiashii strains pathogenic to mollusk: II. Characterization of properties of the proteolytic fraction of extracellular products. J Invertebr Pathol 2014; 123:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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