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Kulabaş N, Set İ, Aktay G, Gürsoy Ş, Danış Ö, Ogan A, Erdem SS, Erzincan P, Helvacıoğlu S, Hamitoğlu M, Küçükgüzel İ. Identification of some novel amide conjugates as potent and gastric sparing anti-inflammatory agents: In vitro, in vivo, in silico studies and drug safety evaluation. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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2
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Fijałkowski Ł, Skubiszewska M, Grześk G, Koech FK, Nowaczyk A. Acetylsalicylic Acid-Primus Inter Pares in Pharmacology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238412. [PMID: 36500502 PMCID: PMC9738180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is one of the first drugs to be obtained by synthesis while being the most used. It has experienced the longest lasting commercial success and is considered the most popular drug of the modern era. ASA, originally used as an anti-inflammatory medication, nowadays is predominantly used as an antiplatelet agent for prophylaxis in cardiac patients. Many studies show that the benefits of using ASA far outweigh the potential risk of side effects. With particular emphasis on the possibility of ASA repositioning for new therapies, extending the indications for use beyond the diseases from the spectrum of atherosclerotic diseases, such as cancer, requires shifting the benefit-risk ratio, although very good, even more towards safety. Interesting activities consisting not only of changing the formulation but also modifying the drug molecule seem to be an important goal of the 21st century. ASA has become a milestone in two important fields: pharmacy and medicine. For a pharmacist, ASA is a long-used drug for which individual indications are practically maintained. For a doctor, acetylsalicylic acid is primarily an antiplatelet drug that saves millions of lives of patients with coronary heart disease or after a stroke. These facts do not exempt us from improving therapeutic methods based on ASA, the main goal of which is to reduce the risk of side effects, as well as to extend effectiveness. Modified acetylsalicylic acid molecules already seem to be a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Fijałkowski
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skubiszewska
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 75 Ujejskiego St., 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Pharmacometrics and Molecular Modeling, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-3904
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3
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El-Barghouthi MI, Hasan AS, Al-Awaida W, Al-Ameer HJ, Kaur J, Hayashibara KJ, Fleming J, Waknin J, Hayashibara S, Slewa M, Hamzeh SM, Bodoor K, McLoud JD, Wuest F, Jawabrah Al Hourani B. Novel therapeutic heterocycles as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and anti-cancer agents: Synthesis, in vitro bioassay screenings, and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Clustering of Aromatic Amino Acid Residues around Methionine in Proteins. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010006. [PMID: 35053154 PMCID: PMC8774105 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-range, non-covalent interactions between amino acid residues determine protein structures and contribute to protein functions in diverse ways. The interactions of the thioether of methionine with the aromatic rings of tyrosine, tryptophan, and/or phenylalanine has long been discussed and such interactions are favorable on the order of 1–3 kcal mol−1. Here, we carry out a new bioinformatics survey of known protein structures where we assay the propensity of three aromatic residues to localize around the [-CH2-S-CH3] of methionine. We term these groups “3-bridge clusters”. A dataset consisting of 33,819 proteins with less than 90% sequence identity was analyzed and such clusters were found in 4093 structures (or 12% of the non-redundant dataset). All sub-classes of enzymes were represented. A 3D coordinate analysis shows that most aromatic groups localize near the CH2 and CH3 of methionine. Quantum chemical calculations support that the 3-bridge clusters involve a network of interactions that involve the Met-S, Met-CH2, Met-CH3, and the π systems of nearby aromatic amino acid residues. Selected examples of proposed functions of 3-bridge clusters are discussed.
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Bosshart PD, Kalbermatter D, Bonetti S, Fotiadis D. The making of a potent L-lactate transport inhibitor. Commun Chem 2021; 4:128. [PMID: 36697570 PMCID: PMC9814091 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
L-lactate is an important metabolite, energy source, and signaling molecule in health and disease. In mammals, its transport across biological membranes is mediated by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) of the solute carrier 16 (SLC16) family. Malfunction, overexpression or absence of transporters of this family are associated with diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, lactate acts as a signaling molecule and virulence factor in certain bacterial infections. Here, we report the rational, structure-guided identification of potent, nanomolar affinity inhibitors acting on an L-lactate-specific SLC16 homologue from the bacterium Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans (SfMCT). High-resolution crystal structures of SfMCT with bound inhibitors uncovered their interaction mechanism on an atomic level and the role of water molecules in inhibitor binding. The presented systematic approach is a valuable procedure for the identification of L-lactate transport inhibitors. Furthermore, identified inhibitors represent potential tool compounds to interfere with monocarboxylate transport across biological membranes mediated by MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick D. Bosshart
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,Present Address: leadXpro AG, Park Innovare, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - David Kalbermatter
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bonetti
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Friedrich L, Cingolani G, Ko Y, Iaselli M, Miciaccia M, Perrone MG, Neukirch K, Bobinger V, Merk D, Hofstetter RK, Werz O, Koeberle A, Scilimati A, Schneider G. Learning from Nature: From a Marine Natural Product to Synthetic Cyclooxygenase-1 Inhibitors by Automated De Novo Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100832. [PMID: 34176236 PMCID: PMC8373093 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The repertoire of natural products offers tremendous opportunities for chemical biology and drug discovery. Natural product-inspired synthetic molecules represent an ecologically and economically sustainable alternative to the direct utilization of natural products. De novo design with machine intelligence bridges the gap between the worlds of bioactive natural products and synthetic molecules. On employing the compound Marinopyrrole A from marine Streptomyces as a design template, the algorithm constructs innovative small molecules that can be synthesized in three steps, following the computationally suggested synthesis route. Computational activity prediction reveals cyclooxygenase (COX) as a putative target of both Marinopyrrole A and the de novo designs. The molecular designs are experimentally confirmed as selective COX-1 inhibitors with nanomolar potency. X-ray structure analysis reveals the binding of the most selective compound to COX-1. This molecular design approach provides a blueprint for natural product-inspired hit and lead identification for drug discovery with machine intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySidney Kimmel Cancer CenterThomas Jefferson University1020 Locust StreetPhiladelphiaPA19107USA
| | - Ying‐Hui Ko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySidney Kimmel Cancer CenterThomas Jefferson University1020 Locust StreetPhiladelphiaPA19107USA
| | - Mariaclara Iaselli
- Department of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariVia E. Orabona 4Bari70125Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Department of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariVia E. Orabona 4Bari70125Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariVia E. Orabona 4Bari70125Italy
| | - Konstantin Neukirch
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - Veronika Bobinger
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Daniel Merk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4Zurich8093Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe‐UniversityMax‐von‐Laue Straße 9Frankfurt am Main60438Germany
| | - Robert Klaus Hofstetter
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaPhilosophenweg 14Jena07743Germany
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal ChemistryFriedrich‐Schiller‐University JenaPhilosophenweg 14Jena07743Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Michael Popp Institute and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI)University of InnsbruckInnsbruck6020Austria
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy – Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BariVia E. Orabona 4Bari70125Italy
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 4Zurich8093Switzerland
- ETH Singapore SEC Ltd1 CREATE Way, #06‐01 CREATE TowerSingapore138602Singapore
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7
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Biochemical characterization of the cyclooxygenase enzyme in penaeid shrimp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250276. [PMID: 33886622 PMCID: PMC8062024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a two-step enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2, a labile intermediate used in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α). In vertebrates and corals, COX must be N-glycosylated on at least two asparagine residues in the N-(X)-S/T motif to be catalytically active. Although COX glycosylation requirement is well-characterized in many species, whether crustacean COXs require N-glycosylation for their enzymatic function have not been investigated. In this study, a 1,842-base pair cox gene was obtained from ovarian cDNA of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Sequence analysis revealed that essential catalytic residues and putative catalytic domains of P. monodon COX (PmCOX) were well-conserved in relation to other vertebrate and crustacean COXs. Expression of PmCOX in 293T cells increased levels of secreted PGE2 and PGF2α up to 60- and 77-fold, respectively, compared to control cells. Incubation of purified PmCOX with endoglycosidase H, which cleaves oligosaccharides from N-linked glycoproteins, reduced the molecular mass of PmCOX. Similarly, addition of tunicamycin, which inhibits N-linked glycosylation, in PmCOX-expressing cells resulted in PmCOX protein with lower molecular mass than those obtained from untreated cells, suggesting that PmCOX was N-glycosylated. Three potential glycosylation sites of PmCOX were identified at N79, N170 and N424. Mutational analysis revealed that although all three residues were glycosylated, only mutations at N170 and N424 completely abolished catalytic function. Inhibition of COX activity by ibuprofen treatment also decreased the levels of PGE2 in shrimp haemolymph. This study not only establishes the presence of the COX enzyme in penaeid shrimp, but also reveals that N-glycosylation sites are highly conserved and required for COX function in crustaceans.
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8
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Yang C, Li P, Ding X, Sui HC, Rao S, Hsu CH, Leung WP, Cheng GJ, Wang P, Zhu BT. Mechanism for the reactivation of the peroxidase activity of human cyclooxygenases: investigation using phenol as a reducing cosubstrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15187. [PMID: 32938962 PMCID: PMC7494923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been known for many years that the peroxidase activity of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 (COX-1 and COX-2) can be reactivated in vitro by the presence of phenol, which serves as a reducing compound, but the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood. In the present study, we use phenol as a model compound to investigate the mechanism by which the peroxidase activity of human COXs is reactivated after each catalytic cycle. Molecular docking and quantum mechanics calculations are carried out to probe the interaction of phenol with the peroxidase site of COXs and the reactivation mechanism. It is found that the oxygen atom associated with the Fe ion in the heme group (i.e., the complex of Fe ion and porphyrin) of COXs can be removed by addition of two protons. Following its removal, phenol can readily bind inside the peroxidase active sites of the COX enzymes, and directly interact with Fe in heme to facilitate electron transfer from phenol to heme. This investigation provides theoretical evidence for several intermediates formed in the COX peroxidase reactivation cycle, thereby unveiling mechanistic details that would aid in future rational design of drugs that target the peroxidase site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Xiaoli Ding
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Hao Chen Sui
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Shun Rao
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Chia-Hsiang Hsu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Wing-Por Leung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001 Longxiang Road, Longgang District, Shenzhen, 518172, China. .,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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9
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Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Structural and Chemical Biology of the Interaction of Cyclooxygenase with Substrates and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7592-7641. [PMID: 32609495 PMCID: PMC8253488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxgenases are key enzymes of lipid signaling. They carry out the first step in the production of prostaglandins, important mediators of inflammation, pain, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, and they are the molecular targets for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which are among the oldest and most chemically diverse set of drugs known. Homodimeric proteins that behave as allosterically modulated, functional heterodimers, the cyclooxygenases exhibit complex kinetic behavior, requiring peroxide-dependent activation and undergoing suicide inactivation. Due to their important physiological and pathophysiological roles and keen interest on the part of the pharmaceutical industry, the cyclooxygenases have been the focus of a vast array of structural studies, leading to the publication of over 80 crystal structures of the enzymes in complex with substrates or inhibitors supported by a wealth of functional data generated by site-directed mutation experiments. In this review, we explore the chemical biology of the cyclooxygenases through the lens of this wealth of structural and functional information. We identify key structural features of the cyclooxygenases, break down their active site into regional binding pockets to facilitate comparisons between structures, and explore similarities and differences in the binding modes of the wide variety of ligands (both substrates and inhibitors) that have been characterized in complex with the enzymes. Throughout, we correlate structure with function whenever possible. Finally, we summarize what can and cannot be learned from the currently available structural data and discuss the critical intriguing questions that remain despite the wealth of information that has been amassed in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Rouzer
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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10
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Dhiman N, Kaur K, Jaitak V. Tetrazoles as anticancer agents: A review on synthetic strategies, mechanism of action and SAR studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115599. [PMID: 32631569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Even after the availability of numerous drugs and treatments in the market, scientists and researchers are focusing on new therapies because of their resistance and toxicity issues. The newly synthesized drug candidates are able to demonstrate in vitro activity but are unable to reach clinical trials due to their rapid metabolism and low bioavailability. Therefore there is an imperative requisite to expand novel anticancer negotiators with tremendous activity as well as in vivo efficacy. Tetrazole is a promising pharmacophore which is metabolically more stable and acts as a bioisosteric analogue for many functional groups. Tetrazole fragment is often castoff with other pharmacophores in the expansion of novel anticancer drugs. This is the first systematic review that emphasizes on contemporary strategies used for the inclusion of tetrazole moiety, mechanistic targets along with comprehensive structural activity relationship studies to provide perspective into the rational design of high-efficiency tetrazole-based anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dhiman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Kamalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151 001, India.
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11
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Salazar JR, Loza-Mejía MA, Soto-Cabrera D. Chemistry, Biological Activities and In Silico Bioprospection of Sterols and Triterpenes from Mexican Columnar Cactaceae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071649. [PMID: 32260146 PMCID: PMC7180492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cactaceae family is an important source of triterpenes and sterols. The wide uses of those plants include food, gathering, medicinal, and live fences. Several studies have led to the isolation and characterization of many bioactive compounds. This review is focused on the chemistry and biological properties of sterols and triterpenes isolated mainly from some species with columnar and arborescent growth forms of Mexican Cactaceae. Regarding the biological properties of those compounds, apart from a few cases, their molecular mechanisms displayed are not still fully understand. To contribute to the above, computational chemistry tools have given a boost to traditional methods used in natural products research, allowing a more comprehensive exploration of chemistry and biological activities of isolated compounds and extracts. From this information an in silico bioprospection was carried out. The results suggest that sterols and triterpenoids present in Cactaceae have interesting substitution patterns that allow them to interact with some bio targets related to inflammation, metabolic diseases, and neurodegenerative processes. Thus, they should be considered as attractive leads for the development of drugs for the management of chronic degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rodrigo Salazar
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
| | - Marco A. Loza-Mejía
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.A.L.-M.); Tel.: +52-55-5278-9500 (J.R.S. & M.A.L.-M.)
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12
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, El-Barghouthi MI, Al-Awaida W, McDonald R, Fattash IA, El Soubani F, Matalka K, Wuest F. Biomolecular docking, synthesis, crystal structure, and bioassay studies of 1-[4-(2-chloroethoxy)phenyl]-5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1H-tetrazole and 2-(4-(5-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl)phenoxy)ethyl nitrate. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Wang HR, Sui HC, Zhu BT. Ellagic acid, a plant phenolic compound, activates cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin production. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:987-996. [PMID: 31316596 PMCID: PMC6601391 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ellagic acid (EA), a naturally-occurring phenolic compound richly contained in some of the human food sources such as Longan and Litchi, was reported to have a number of biological effects. Based on our earlier 3D-QSAR/CoMFA models for cyclooxygenase (COX) I and II, we hypothesize that EA may have the potential to modulate the catalytic activity of COX enzymes, and this hypothesis is examined in the present study. The results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments show that EA is an activator of COX enzyme-catalyzed production of prostaglandin E2, a representative prostaglandin tested. Mechanistically, EA can activate the peroxidase active site of COX enzymes by serving as a co-substrate, presumably for the reduction of protoporphorin IX with FeIV inside. The effect of EA is abrogated by the co-presence of galangin, which is known to bind to COX's peroxidase active site and thereby blocks the effect of the reducing co-substrates. In view of the known physiological functions of COX enzymes in the body, it is suggested that some of the pharmacological and/or toxicological effects of EA may result from an increased production of certain prostaglandins and their related derivatives in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Hao Chen Sui
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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14
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Karaca Gençer H, Acar Çevik U, Kaya Çavuşoğlu B, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Atlı Ö, Ilgın S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 2-phenylpropionic acid derivatives as dual COX inhibitory-antibacterial agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 32:732-745. [PMID: 28413890 PMCID: PMC6445163 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1310726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hülya Karaca Gençer
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Ulviye Acar Çevik
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,c Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,c Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,c Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Özlem Atlı
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Sinem Ilgın
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey.,c Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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15
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Ebiloma GU, Balogun EO, Cueto-Díaz EJ, de Koning HP, Dardonville C. Alternative oxidase inhibitors: Mitochondrion-targeting as a strategy for new drugs against pathogenic parasites and fungi. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1553-1602. [PMID: 30693533 DOI: 10.1002/med.21560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a ubiquitous terminal oxidase of plants and many fungi, catalyzing the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water alongside the cytochrome-based electron transfer chain. Unlike the classical electron transfer chain, however, the activity of AOX does not generate adenosine triphosphate but has functions such as thermogenesis and stress response. As it lacks a mammalian counterpart, it has been investigated intensely in pathogenic fungi. However, it is in African trypanosomes, which lack cytochrome-based respiration in their infective stages, that trypanosome alternative oxidase (TAO) plays the central and essential role in their energy metabolism. TAO was validated as a drug target decades ago and among the first inhibitors to be identified was salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), which produced the expected trypanocidal effects, especially when potentiated by coadministration with glycerol to inhibit anaerobic energy metabolism as well. However, the efficacy of this combination was too low to be of practical clinical use. The antibiotic ascofuranone (AF) proved a much stronger TAO inhibitor and was able to cure Trypanosoma vivax infections in mice without glycerol and at much lower doses, providing an important proof of concept milestone. Systematic efforts to improve the SHAM and AF scaffolds, aided with the elucidation of the TAO crystal structure, provided detailed structure-activity relationship information and reinvigorated the drug discovery effort. Recently, the coupling of mitochondrion-targeting lipophilic cations to TAO inhibitors has dramatically improved drug targeting and trypanocidal activity while retaining target protein potency. These developments appear to have finally signposted the way to preclinical development of TAO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin U Ebiloma
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emmanuel O Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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16
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Abubakar S, Al-Mansoub MA, Murugaiyah V, Chan KL. The phytochemical and anti-inflammatory studies of Dillenia suffruticosa leaves. Phytother Res 2019; 33:660-675. [PMID: 30653753 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Dillenia suffruticosa leaves (Dilleniaceae), a folk medicine recommended in Southeast Asia for treating inflammation, were phytochemically studied for the first time and assessed for suppression of λ-carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. The crude methanolic extract orally administered at 5,000 mg/kg, displayed no toxicity and at 250 to 1,000 mg/kg significantly suppressed the paw oedema. Two-isolated triterpenoids, betulinic acid (1) and koetjapic acid (2) orally administered at 50 mg/kg, significantly reduced the paw oedema, (p < 0.001) and (p < 0.005) at the fourth h onwards to 47.36% ± 2.23 and 53.43% ± 7.09, respectively, from 95.90% ± 6.88 oedema induced by λ-carrageenan alone. 1 and the isolated flavonoids of vitexin (3), tiliroside (4), and kaempferol (5), displayed moderately more of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 than COX-1 enzyme inhibition, whereas 2 was slightly more inhibition of COX-1. The in silico molecular docking studies provided support to the in vitro COX studies that the isolated compounds formed H-bonding with the amino acid residues at the COX-2 catalytic sites. The triterpenoids were bound to the peroxidase, possibly inhibiting the peroxidase reaction, whereas the flavonoids interacted more at the cyclooxygenase, resembling celecoxib, therefore providing evidences that these compounds were responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of D. suffruticosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifullah Abubakar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Majed Ahmed Al-Mansoub
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit-Lam Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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17
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Wang HR, Sui HC, Ding YY, Zhu BT. Stimulation of the Production of Prostaglandin E₂ by Ethyl Gallate, a Natural Phenolic Compound Richly Contained in Longan. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E91. [PMID: 30200641 PMCID: PMC6165217 DOI: 10.3390/biom8030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethyl gallate is a phenolic compound richly contained in Longan. In traditional Chinese medicine, Longan is widely known as a fruit with "hot" properties, with a tendency to promote inflammatory and certain other responses. The mechanism for its proinflammatory as well as health beneficial effects is poorly understood. Based on our earlier observation that certain natural phenolic compounds can serve as reducing cosubstrates for cyclooxygenases (COXs), we sought to test a hypothesis that ethyl gallate may activate the catalytic activity of the COX enzymes. Results from studies using cultured cells and animals show that ethyl gallate can activate the production of prostaglandin E₂, a representative prostaglandin tested in this study. Computational analysis indicates that ethyl gallate can activate the peroxidase active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 by serving as a reducing cosubstrate. The effect of ethyl gallate is abrogated by galangin, which is known to bind to the same peroxidase active sites of COX-1 and COX-2 as a competitive inhibitor. The findings of this study offer support for a novel hypothesis that the proinflammatory as well as health beneficial effects of Longan may partly attributable to the activation of COX-1 and COX-2 by ethyl gallate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Rong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Hao Chen Sui
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
| | - Yan Yan Ding
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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18
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Ali BF, Judeh Z, El-Barghouthi MI, Al-Awaida W, Snobar Y, El Soubani F, Matalka K, Wuest F. Unexpected formation of 1-[4-chloromethylphenyl]-5-[4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl]-1 H -tetrazole and 1-[4-chloromethylphenyl]-5-[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-1 H -tetrazole: Crystal structure, bioassay screening and molecular docking studies. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Corradi V, Mendez-Villuendas E, Ingólfsson HI, Gu RX, Siuda I, Melo MN, Moussatova A, DeGagné LJ, Sejdiu BI, Singh G, Wassenaar TA, Delgado Magnero K, Marrink SJ, Tieleman DP. Lipid-Protein Interactions Are Unique Fingerprints for Membrane Proteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:709-717. [PMID: 29974066 PMCID: PMC6028153 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell membranes contain hundreds of different proteins and lipids in an asymmetric arrangement. Our current understanding of the detailed organization of cell membranes remains rather elusive, because of the challenge to study fluctuating nanoscale assemblies of lipids and proteins with the required spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the lipid environment of 10 different membrane proteins. To provide a realistic lipid environment, the proteins are embedded in a model plasma membrane, where more than 60 lipid species are represented, asymmetrically distributed between the leaflets. The simulations detail how each protein modulates its local lipid environment in a unique way, through enrichment or depletion of specific lipid components, resulting in thickness and curvature gradients. Our results provide a molecular glimpse of the complexity of lipid-protein interactions, with potentially far-reaching implications for our understanding of the overall organization of real cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Corradi
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Eduardo Mendez-Villuendas
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Helgi I. Ingólfsson
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruo-Xu Gu
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Iwona Siuda
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Manuel N. Melo
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anastassiia Moussatova
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lucien J. DeGagné
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Besian I. Sejdiu
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tsjerk A. Wassenaar
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karelia Delgado Magnero
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Siewert J. Marrink
- Groningen
Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute and Zernike Institute
for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Centre
for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- E-mail:
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20
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Shamsudin Y, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Åqvist J. Molecular Mechanisms in the Selectivity of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Biochemistry 2018; 57:1236-1248. [PMID: 29345921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 with varying degrees of selectivity. A group of COX-2 selective inhibitors-coxibs-binds in a time-dependent manner through a three-step mechanism, utilizing a side pocket in the binding site. Coxibs have been extensively probed to identify the structural features regulating the slow tight-binding mechanism responsible for COX-2 selectivity. In this study, we further probe a structurally and kinetically diverse data set of COX inhibitors in COX-2 by molecular dynamics and free energy simulations. We find that the features regulating the high affinities associated with time-dependency in COX depend on the inhibitor kinetics. In particular, most time-dependent inhibitors share a common structural binding mechanism, involving an induced-fit rotation of the side-chain of Leu531 in the main binding pocket. The high affinities of two-step slow tight-binding inhibitors and some slow reversible inhibitors can thus be explained by the increased space in the main binding pocket after this rotation. Coxibs that belong to a separate class of slow tight-binding inhibitors benefit more from the displacement of the neighboring side-chain of Arg513, exclusive to the COX-2 side-pocket. This displacement further stabilizes the aforementioned rotation of Leu531 and can explain the selectivity of coxibs for COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Shamsudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Uppsala University, BMC , SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Uppsala University, BMC , SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Uppsala University, BMC , SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Di Micco S, Terracciano S, Cantone V, Fischer K, Koeberle A, Foglia A, Riccio R, Werz O, Bruno I, Bifulco G. Discovery of new potent molecular entities able to inhibit mPGES-1. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1419-1427. [PMID: 29133047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
mPGES-1, a glutathione-dependent membrane protein is involved in the last step of PGE2 production and has been well recognized as a strategic target for the development of anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. It has been proven to selectively control the PGE2 levels induced by inflammatory stimuli, with neither affecting PGE2 constitutively produced, nor homeostatic prostanoids, so that its modulation can represent a better strategy to control PGE2 related disorders, compared to the use of the classical anti-inflammatory drugs, endowed with severe side effects. Despite the intensive research on the identification of potent mPGES-1 inhibitors as attractive candidates for drug development, none of the disclosed molecules, except for LY3023705, which recently entered clinical trials, are available for clinical use, therefore the discovery of new effective mPGES-1 inhibitors with increased drug-like properties are urgently needed. Continuing our work aimed at identifying new chemical platforms able to interact with this enzyme, here we describe the discovery of potent mPGES-1 modulators, featuring a 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitro-biphenyl-based scaffold, by processing and docking a small collection of synthetically accessible molecules, built around two main fragments, disclosed in our in silico screening. The top scoring hits obtained have been synthesized and tested, and five of the predicted compounds showed to potently inhibit mPGES-1 enzyme, without affecting COX enzymes activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Micco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Stefania Terracciano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cantone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Koeberle
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonio Foglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Raffaele Riccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ines Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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22
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Meyder A, Nittinger E, Lange G, Klein R, Rarey M. Estimating Electron Density Support for Individual Atoms and Molecular Fragments in X-ray Structures. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:2437-2447. [PMID: 28981269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular structures resolved by X-ray crystallography are essential for life science research. While some methods exist to automatically quantify the quality of the electron density fit, none of them is without flaws. Especially the question of how well individual parts like atoms, small fragments, or molecules are supported by electron density is difficult to quantify. While taking experimental uncertainties correctly into account, they do not offer an answer on how reliable an individual atom position is. A rapid quantification of this atomic position reliability would be highly valuable in structure-based molecular design. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the electron density score EDIA for individual atoms and molecular fragments. EDIA assesses rapidly, automatically, and intuitively the fit of individual as well as multiple atoms (EDIAm) into electron density accompanied by an integrated error analysis. The computation is based on the standard 2fo - fc electron density map in combination with the model of the molecular structure. For evaluating partial structures, EDIAm shows significant advantages compared to the real-space R correlation coefficient (RSCC) and the real-space difference density Z score (RSZD) from the molecular modeler's point of view. Thus, EDIA abolishes the time-consuming step of visually inspecting the electron density during structure selection and curation. It supports daily modeling tasks of medicinal and computational chemists and enables a fully automated assembly of large-scale, high-quality structure data sets. Furthermore, EDIA scores can be applied for model validation and method development in computer-aided molecular design. In contrast to measuring the deviation from the structure model by root-mean-squared deviation, EDIA scores allow comparison to the underlying experimental data taking its uncertainty into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Meyder
- ZBH-Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg , Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Eva Nittinger
- ZBH-Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg , Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Rarey
- ZBH-Center for Bioinformatics, Universität Hamburg , Hamburg 20146, Germany
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23
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Cingolani G, Panella A, Perrone MG, Vitale P, Di Mauro G, Fortuna CG, Armen RS, Ferorelli S, Smith WL, Scilimati A. Structural basis for selective inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) by diarylisoxazoles mofezolac and 3-(5-chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole (P6). Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:661-668. [PMID: 28710965 PMCID: PMC5992922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The diarylisoxazole molecular scaffold is found in several NSAIDs, especially those with high selectivity for COX-1. Here, we have determined the structural basis for COX-1 binding to two diarylisoxazoles: mofezolac, which is polar and ionizable, and 3-(5-chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole (P6) that has very low polarity. X-ray analysis of the crystal structures of COX-1 bound to mofezolac and 3-(5-chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole allowed the identification of specific binding determinants within the enzyme active site, relevant to generate structure/activity relationships for diarylisoxazole NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Cingolani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics, National Research Council, Via Amendola 165/A, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Panella
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Mauro
- Department of Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Cosimo G Fortuna
- Department of Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Roger S Armen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - William L Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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24
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Shamsudin Y, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Åqvist J. Probing the Time Dependency of Cyclooxygenase-1 Inhibitors by Computer Simulations. Biochemistry 2017; 56:1911-1920. [PMID: 28304156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent inhibition of the cyclooxygenases (COX) by a range of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been described since the first experimental assays of COX were performed. Slow tight-binding inhibitors of COX-1 bind in a two-step mechanism in which the EI → EI* transition is slow and practically irreversible. Since then, various properties of the inhibitors have been proposed to cause or affect the time dependency. Conformational changes in the enzyme have also been proposed to cause the time dependency, but no particular structural feature has been identified. Here, we investigated a series of inhibitors of COX-1 that are either time-independent or time-dependent using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations, binding free energy calculations, and potential of mean force calculations. We find that the time-dependent inhibitors stabilize a conformational change in the enzyme mainly identified by the rotation of a leucine side chain adjacent to the binding pocket. The induced conformation has been previously shown to be essential for the high binding affinities of tight-binding inhibitors in COX-1. The results of this work show that the structural features of the enzyme involved in both time-dependent and tight-binding inhibition are identical and further identify a structural mechanism responsible for the transition between the two enzyme-inhibitor complexes characteristic of slow tight-binding COX-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Shamsudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Al-Awaida W, Matalka KZ, El-Barghouthi MI, Alsoubani F, Wuest F. Structure–activity relationship of novel series of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, bioassay screening and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4757-4762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Synthesis and crystal structure of N-[(dimethylamino)methylidene]-4-[1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]-benzenesulfonamide: Molecular docking and bioassay studies as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Perrone MG, Vitale P, Panella A, Ferorelli S, Contino M, Lavecchia A, Scilimati A. Isoxazole-Based-Scaffold Inhibitors Targeting Cyclooxygenases (COXs). ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1172-87. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Andrea Panella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Marialessandra Contino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia; “Drug Discovery” Laboratory; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via D. Montesano 49 80131 Napoli Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco; Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”; Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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28
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Konkle ME, Blobaum AL, Moth CW, Prusakiewicz JJ, Xu S, Ghebreselasie K, Akingbade D, Jacobs AT, Rouzer CA, Lybrand TP, Marnett LJ. Conservative Secondary Shell Substitution In Cyclooxygenase-2 Reduces Inhibition by Indomethacin Amides and Esters via Altered Enzyme Dynamics. Biochemistry 2015; 55:348-59. [PMID: 26704937 PMCID: PMC4721528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) are the therapeutic targets of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Neutralization of the carboxylic acid moiety of the NSAID indomethacin to an ester or amide functionality confers COX-2 selectivity, but the molecular basis for this selectivity has not been completely revealed through mutagenesis studies and/or X-ray crystallographic attempts. We expressed and assayed a number of divergent secondary shell COX-2 active site mutants and found that a COX-2 to COX-1 change at position 472 (Leu in COX-2, Met in COX-1) reduced the potency of enzyme inhibition by a series of COX-2-selective indomethacin amides and esters. In contrast, the potencies of indomethacin, arylacetic acid, propionic acid, and COX-2-selective diarylheterocycle inhibitors were either unaffected or only mildly affected by this mutation. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed identical equilibrium enzyme structures around residue 472; however, calculations indicated that the L472M mutation impacted local low-frequency dynamical COX constriction site motions by stabilizing the active site entrance and slowing constriction site dynamics. Kinetic analysis of inhibitor binding is consistent with the computational findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Konkle
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Christopher W Moth
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Jeffery J Prusakiewicz
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Shu Xu
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Dapo Akingbade
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Aaron T Jacobs
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Carol A Rouzer
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Terry P Lybrand
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- Departments of Biochemistry, ‡Chemistry, and §Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center for Structural Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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Shamsudin Y, Kazemi M, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Åqvist J. Origin of the Enigmatic Stepwise Tight-Binding Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-1. Biochemistry 2015; 54:7283-91. [PMID: 26562384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of pain, fever, inflammation, and some types of cancers. Their mechanism of action is the inhibition of isoforms 1 and 2 of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2, respectively). However, both nonselective and selective NSAIDs may have side effects that include gastric intestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer formation, kidney problems, and occurrences of myocardial infarction. The search for selective high-affinity COX inhibitors resulted in a number of compounds characterized by a slow, tight-binding inhibition that occurs in a two-step manner. It has been suggested that the final, only very slowly reversible, tight-binding event is the result of conformational changes in the enzyme. However, the nature of these conformational changes has remained elusive. Here we explore the structural determinants of the tight-binding phenomenon in COX-1 with molecular dynamics and free energy simulations. The calculations reveal how different classes of inhibitors affect the equilibrium between two conformational substates of the enzyme in distinctly different ways. The class of tight-binding inhibitors is found to exclusively stabilize an otherwise unfavorable enzyme conformation and bind significantly stronger to this state than to that normally observed in crystal structures. By also computing free energies of binding to the two enzyme conformations for 16 different NSAIDs, we identify an induced-fit mechanism and the key structural features associated with high-affinity tight binding. These results may facilitate the rational development of new COX inhibitors with improved selectivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Shamsudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , Box 596, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masoud Kazemi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , Box 596, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , Box 596, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University , Box 596, BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Docking studies and the crystal structure of two tetrazole derivatives: 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-{4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl}-1H-tetrazole and 4-{5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl}benzenesulfonamide. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Harb F, Prunetti L, Giudici-Orticoni MT, Guiral M, Tinland B. Insertion and self-diffusion of a monotopic protein, the Aquifex aeolicus sulfide quinone reductase, in supported lipid bilayers. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2015; 38:110. [PMID: 26490251 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2015-15110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monotopic proteins constitute a class of membrane proteins that bind tightly to cell membranes, but do not span them. We present a FRAPP (Fluorescence Recovery After Patterned Photobleaching) study of the dynamics of a bacterial monotopic protein, SQR (sulfide quinone oxidoreductase) from the thermophilic bacteria Aquifex aeolicus, inserted into two different types of lipid bilayers (EggPC: L-α-phosphatidylcholine (Egg, Chicken) and DMPC: 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) supported on two different types of support (mica or glass). It sheds light on the behavior of a monotopic protein inside the bilayer. The insertion of SQR is more efficient when the bilayer is in the fluid phase than in the gel phase. We observed diffusion of the protein, with no immobile fraction, and deduced from the diffusion coefficient measurements that the resulting inserted object is the same whatever the incubation conditions, i.e. homogeneous in terms of oligomerization state. As expected, the diffusion coefficient of the SQR is smaller in the gel phase than in the fluid phase. In the supported lipid bilayer, the diffusion coefficient of the SQR is smaller than the diffusion coefficient of phospholipids in both gel and fluid phase. SQR shows a diffusion behavior different from the transmembrane protein α-hemolysin, and consistent with its monotopic character. Preliminary experiments in the presence of the substrate of SQR, DecylUbiquinone, an analogue of quinone, component of transmembrane electrons transport systems of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, have been carried out. Finally, we studied the behavior of SQR, in terms of insertion and diffusion, in bilayers formed with lipids from Aquifex aeolicus. All the conclusions that we have found in the biomimetic systems applied to the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Harb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences - Section II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- CINaM-CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Prunetti
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Université, 13402, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marianne Guiral
- CNRS, BIP UMR 7281, Aix Marseille Université, 13402, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Tinland
- CINaM-CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7325, 13288, Marseille, France.
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32
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Pharmacophore modeling for COX-1 and -2 inhibitors with LigandScout in comparison to Discovery Studio. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1869-81. [PMID: 25495981 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacophore modeling has become an integrated tool in drug discovery. However, no prospective study compares the performance of the available software. METHODS The two widely used pharmacophore modeling and screening software programs Discovery Studio and LigandScout were used to generate, validate, and prospectively apply COX-1 and -2 models. Selected virtual hits were tested in cell-free enzymatic assays. The correct retrieval of active compounds was compared. RESULTS In the enzymatic testing, 10.5% of the tested hits for COX-2 and 6.6% of the predicted compounds for COX-1 were active. To directly compare the two models, both based on the same PDB entry, were selected for virtual screening. The two programs yielded vastly different hit lists, but both predicted active compounds. CONCLUSION To obtain a comprehensive selection of active compounds, more than one program should be used for modeling.
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Küçükgüzel ŞG, Koç D, Çıkla-Süzgün P, Özsavcı D, Bingöl-Özakpınar Ö, Mega-Tiber P, Orun O, Erzincan P, Sağ-Erdem S, Şahin F. Synthesis of Tolmetin Hydrazide-Hydrazones and Discovery of a Potent Apoptosis Inducer in Colon Cancer Cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:730-42. [PMID: 26287512 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tolmetin hydrazide and a novel series of tolmetin hydrazide-hydrazones 4a-l were synthesized in this study. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral (FT-IR, (1)H NMR) methods. N'-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-2-[1-methyl-5-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]acetohydrazide (4g) was evaluated in vitro using the MTT colorimetric method against the colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 (ATCC, CCL-247) and HT-29 (ATCC, HTB-38) to determine growth inhibition and cell viability at different doses. Compound 4g exhibited anti-cancer activity with an IC50 value of 76 μM against colon cancer line HT-29 (ATCC, HTB-38) and did not display cytotoxicity toward control NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells compared to tolmetin. In addition, this compound was evaluated for caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and annexin-V activation in the apoptotic pathway, which plays a key role in the treatment of cancer. We demonstrated that the anti-cancer activity of this compound was due to the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9 involved in the apoptotic pathway. In addition, in this study, we investigated the catalytical effect of COX on the HT-29 cancer line, the apoptotic mechanism, and the moleculer binding of tolmetin and compound 4g on the COX enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ş Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Koç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Çıkla-Süzgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Özsavcı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Bingöl-Özakpınar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Haydarpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Mega-Tiber
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Başıbüyük, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Oya Orun
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Başıbüyük, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Erzincan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safiye Sağ-Erdem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Göztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahin
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Yeditepe University, Kayışdağı, İstanbul, Turkey
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34
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Kaserer T, Temml V, Kutil Z, Vanek T, Landa P, Schuster D. Prospective performance evaluation of selected common virtual screening tools. Case study: Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:445-57. [PMID: 25916906 PMCID: PMC4444576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Computational methods can be applied in drug development for the identification of novel lead candidates, but also for the prediction of pharmacokinetic properties and potential adverse effects, thereby aiding to prioritize and identify the most promising compounds. In principle, several techniques are available for this purpose, however, which one is the most suitable for a specific research objective still requires further investigation. Within this study, the performance of several programs, representing common virtual screening methods, was compared in a prospective manner. First, we selected top-ranked virtual screening hits from the three methods pharmacophore modeling, shape-based modeling, and docking. For comparison, these hits were then additionally predicted by external pharmacophore- and 2D similarity-based bioactivity profiling tools. Subsequently, the biological activities of the selected hits were assessed in vitro, which allowed for evaluating and comparing the prospective performance of the applied tools. Although all methods performed well, considerable differences were observed concerning hit rates, true positive and true negative hits, and hitlist composition. Our results suggest that a rational selection of the applied method represents a powerful strategy to maximize the success of a research project, tightly linked to its aims. We employed cyclooxygenase as application example, however, the focus of this study lied on highlighting the differences in the virtual screening tool performances and not in the identification of novel COX-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kaserer
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zsofia Kutil
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR. v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic; Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR. v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR. v.v.i., Rozvojova 263, 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Lei J, Zhou Y, Xie D, Zhang Y. Mechanistic insights into a classic wonder drug--aspirin. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:70-3. [PMID: 25514511 PMCID: PMC4309031 DOI: 10.1021/ja5112964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin, one of the oldest and most common anti-inflammatory agents, has recently been shown to reduce cancer risks. The principal pharmacological effects of aspirin are known to arise from its covalent modification of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) through acetylation of Ser530, but the detailed mechanism of its biochemical action and specificity remains to be elucidated. In this work, we have filled this gap by employing a state-of-the-art computational approach, Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations with ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical potential and umbrella sampling. Our studies have characterized a substrate-assisted inhibition mechanism for aspirin acetylating COX: it proceeds in two successive stages with a metastable tetrahedral intermediate, in which the carboxyl group of aspirin serves as the general base. The computational results confirmed that aspirin would be 10-100 times more potent against COX-1 than against COX-2, and revealed that this inhibition specificity between the two COX isoforms can be attributed mainly to the difference in kinetics rate of the covalent inhibition reaction, not the aspirin-binding step. The structural origin of this differential inhibition of the COX enzymes by aspirin has also been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Lei
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yanzi Zhou
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute
of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Laboratory of Mesoscopic
Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Synergetic
Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026,China
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003 United States
- NYU-ECNU
Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
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36
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Xu S, Rouzer CA, Marnett LJ. Oxicams, a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beyond. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:803-11. [PMID: 25537198 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxicams are a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) structurally related to the enolic acid class of 4-hydroxy-1,2-benzothiazine carboxamides. They are used clinically to treat both acute and chronic inflammation by inhibiting the activity of the two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. Oxicams are structurally distinct from all other NSAIDs, exhibiting a novel binding pose in the COX active site. The 4-hydroxyl group on the thiazine ring partners with Ser-530 via hydrogen bonding while two coordinated water molecules mediate a polar interaction between the oxicam and COX. The rotation of Leu-531 in the complex opens a new pocket, which is not used for binding other NSAIDs to the enzyme. This structure provides the basis for understanding documented structure-activity relationships within the oxicam class. In addition, from the oxicam template, a series of potent microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) inhibitors represents a new direction for drug development. Here, we review the major route of oxicam synthesis and structure-activity for COX inhibition, as well as recent advances in oxicam-mediated mPGES-1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research; Department of Biochemistry; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology
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Bacterial and algal orthologs of prostaglandin H₂synthase: novel insights into the evolution of an integral membrane protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:83-94. [PMID: 25281773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandin H₂synthase (PGHS; EC 1.14.99.1), a bi-functional heme enzyme that contains cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activities, plays a central role in the inflammatory response, pain, and blood clotting in higher eukaryotes. In this review, we discuss the progenitors of the mammalian enzyme by using modern bioinformatics and homology modeling to draw comparisons between this well-studied system and its orthologs from algae and bacterial sources. A clade of bacterial and algal orthologs is described that have salient structural features distinct from eukaryotic counterparts, including the lack of a dimerization and EGF-like domains, the absence of gene duplicates, and minimal membrane-binding domains. The functional implications of shared and variant features are discussed.
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38
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Synthesis, bioassay studies, and molecular docking of novel 5-substituted 1H tetrazoles as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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39
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A computational prospect to aspirin side effects: aspirin and COX-1 interaction analysis based on non-synonymous SNPs. Comput Biol Chem 2014; 51:57-62. [PMID: 24953043 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (ASA) is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which exerts its therapeutic effects through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) isoform 2 (COX-2), while the inhibition of COX-1 by ASA leads to apparent side effects. In the present study, the relationship between COX-1 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) and aspirin related side effects was investigated. The functional impacts of 37 nsSNPs on aspirin inhibition potency of COX-1 with COX-1/aspirin molecular docking were computationally analyzed, and each SNP was scored based on DOCK Amber score. The data predicted that 22 nsSNPs could reduce COX-1 inhibition, while 15 nsSNPs showed increasing inhibition level in comparison to the regular COX-1 protein. In order to perform a comparing state, the Amber scores for two Arg119 mutants (R119A and R119Q) were also calculated. Moreover, among nsSNP variants, rs117122585 represented the closest Amber score to R119A mutant. A separate docking computation validated the score and represented a new binding position for ASA that acetyl group was located within the distance of 3.86Å from Ser529 OH group. This could predict an associated loss of activity of ASA through this nsSNP variant. Our data represent a computational sub-population pattern for aspirin COX-1 related side effects, and provide basis for further research on COX-1/ASA interaction.
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40
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Shamsudin Y, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Boukharta L, Åqvist J. Toward an optimal docking and free energy calculation scheme in ligand design with application to COX-1 inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1488-99. [PMID: 24786949 DOI: 10.1021/ci500151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) is one of the main targets of most pain-relieving pharmaceuticals. Although the enzyme is well characterized, it is known to be a difficult target for automated molecular docking and scoring. We collected from the literature a structurally diverse set of 45 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and COX-2-selective inhibitors (coxibs) with a wide range of binding affinities for COX-1. The binding of this data set to a homology model of human COX-1 was analyzed with different combinations of molecular docking algorithms, scoring functions, and the linear interaction energy (LIE) method for estimating binding affinities. It is found that the computational protocols for estimation of binding affinities are extremely sensitive to the initial orientations of the ligands in the binding pocket. To overcome this limitation, we propose a systematic exploration of docking poses using the LIE calculations as a postscoring function. This scheme yields predictions in excellent agreement with experiment, with a mean unsigned error of 0.9 kcal/mol for binding free energies and structures of high quality. A significant improvement of the results is also seen when averaging over experimental data from several independent measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Shamsudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Box 596, Uppsala University , BMC, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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41
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Xu S, Hermanson DJ, Banerjee S, Ghebreselasie K, Clayton GM, Garavito RM, Marnett LJ. Oxicams bind in a novel mode to the cyclooxygenase active site via a two-water-mediated H-bonding Network. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:6799-6808. [PMID: 24425867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.517987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxicams are widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but little is known about the molecular basis of the interaction with their target enzymes, the cyclooxygenases (COX). Isoxicam is a nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 whereas meloxicam displays some selectivity for COX-2. Here we report crystal complexes of COX-2 with isoxicam and meloxicam at 2.0 and 2.45 angstroms, respectively, and a crystal complex of COX-1 with meloxicam at 2.4 angstroms. These structures reveal that the oxicams bind to the active site of COX-2 using a binding pose not seen with other NSAIDs through two highly coordinated water molecules. The 4-hydroxyl group on the thiazine ring partners with Ser-530 via hydrogen bonding, and the heteroatom of the carboxamide ring of the oxicam scaffold interacts with Tyr-385 and Ser-530 through a highly coordinated water molecule. The nitrogen atom of the thiazine and the oxygen atom of the carboxamide bind to Arg-120 and Tyr-355 via another highly ordered water molecule. The rotation of Leu-531 in the structure opens a novel binding pocket, which is not utilized for the binding of other NSAIDs. In addition, a detailed study of meloxicam·COX-2 interactions revealed that mutation of Val-434 to Ile significantly reduces inhibition by meloxicam due to subtle changes around Phe-518, giving rise to the preferential inhibition of COX-2 over COX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Daniel J Hermanson
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Surajit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Northeastern Collaborative Access Team, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Kebreab Ghebreselasie
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Gina M Clayton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - R Michael Garavito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- A. B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232.
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42
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Vitale P, Perrone MG, Malerba P, Lavecchia A, Scilimati A. Selective COX-1 inhibition as a target of theranostic novel diarylisoxazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:606-18. [PMID: 24531199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase(COX)-1 role in some diseases is increasingly studied. 3-(5-Chlorofuran-2-yl)-5-methyl-4-phenylisoxazole (P6), a highly selective cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitor, was used as a "lead" to design new isoxazoles (2a-m), differently selective towards COX-1. Those isoxazoles might be useful as novel theranostic agents and also to better clarify COX-1 role in the human physiology and diseases. 2a-m were prepared in fair to good yields developing suitable synthetic strategies. They were evaluated in vitro for their COX-inhibitory activity and selectivity. Structure-activity relationship studies of the novel set of diarylisoxazoles allowed to identify new key determinants for COX-1 selectivity, and to uncover compounds appropriate for a deep pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation. 3-(5-Chlorofuran-2yl)-4-phenylisoxazol-5-amine (2f) was the most active compound of the series, its inhibitory activity was assessed in purified enzyme (COX-1 IC₅₀ = 1.1 μM; COX-2 IC₅₀ > 50 μM) and in the ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3) expressing only COX-1 (IC₅₀ = 0.58 μM). Furthermore, the high inhibitory potency of 2f was rationalized through docking simulations in terms of interactions with a crystallographic model of the COX-1 binding site. We found critical interactions between the inhibitor and constriction residues R120 and Y355 at the base of the active site, as well as with S530 at the top of the side pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitale
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Malerba
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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43
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Arumugam G, Nair AG, Hariharaputran S, Ramanathan S. Rebelling for a reason: protein structural "outliers". PLoS One 2013; 8:e74416. [PMID: 24073209 PMCID: PMC3779223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of structural variation in domain superfamilies can reveal constraints in protein evolution which aids protein structure prediction and classification. Structure-based sequence alignment of distantly related proteins, organized in PASS2 database, provides clues about structurally conserved regions among different functional families. Some superfamily members show large structural differences which are functionally relevant. This paper analyses the impact of structural divergence on function for multi-member superfamilies, selected from the PASS2 superfamily alignment database. Functional annotations within superfamilies, with structural outliers or 'rebels', are discussed in the context of structural variations. Overall, these data reinforce the idea that functional similarities cannot be extrapolated from mere structural conservation. The implication for fold-function prediction is that the functional annotations can only be inherited with very careful consideration, especially at low sequence identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhimathi Arumugam
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Anu G. Nair
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Sridhar Hariharaputran
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra Campus, Bangalore, India
| | - Sowdhamini Ramanathan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra Campus, Bangalore, India
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44
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Vitale P, Tacconelli S, Perrone MG, Malerba P, Simone L, Scilimati A, Lavecchia A, Dovizio M, Marcantoni E, Bruno A, Patrignani P. Synthesis, Pharmacological Characterization, and Docking Analysis of a Novel Family of Diarylisoxazoles as Highly Selective Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4277-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301905a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Malerba
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Laura Simone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze
del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari “A. Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, “Drug
Discovery” Laboratory, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131
Napoli, Italy
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45
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Vernieri E, Gomez-Monterrey I, Milite C, Grieco P, Musella S, Bertamino A, Scognamiglio I, Alcaro S, Artese A, Ortuso F, Novellino E, Sala M, Campiglia P. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of New Tripeptides as COX-2 Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2013; 2013:606282. [PMID: 23533709 PMCID: PMC3600326 DOI: 10.1155/2013/606282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the formation of prostaglandins, which are mediators of inflammation. It exists mainly in two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2. The conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have gastrointestinal side effects because they inhibit both isoforms. Recent data demonstrate that the overexpression of these enzymes, and in particular of cyclooxygenases-2, promotes multiple events involved in tumorigenesis; in addition, numerous studies show that the inhibition of cyclooxygenases-2 can delay or prevent certain forms of cancer. Agents that inhibit COX-2 while sparing COX-1 represent a new attractive therapeutic development and offer a new perspective for a further use of COX-2 inhibitors. The present study extends the evaluation of the COX activity to all 20(3) possible natural tripeptide sequences following a rational approach consisting in molecular modeling, synthesis, and biological tests. Based on data obtained from virtual screening, only those peptides with better profile of affinity have been selected and classified into two groups called S and E. Our results suggest that these novel compounds may have potential as structural templates for the design and subsequent development of the new selective COX-2 inhibitors drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermelinda Vernieri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Isabel Gomez-Monterrey
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ciro Milite
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Biologico, Università degli Studi di Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biofisica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Artese
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina Sala
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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46
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Gu S, Yin N, Pei J, Lai L. Understanding traditional Chinese medicine anti-inflammatory herbal formulae by simulating their regulatory functions in the human arachidonic acid metabolic network. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1931-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25605g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Lencina AM, Ding Z, Schurig-Briccio LA, Gennis RB. Characterization of the Type III sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase from Caldivirga maquilingensis and its membrane binding. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1827:266-75. [PMID: 23103448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sulfide:quinone oxidoreductases (SQRs) are ubiquitous enzymes which have multiple roles: sulfide detoxification, energy generation by providing electrons to respiratory or photosynthetic electron transfer chains, and sulfide homeostasis. A recent structure-based classification defines 6 groups of putative SQRs (I-VI), and representatives of all but group III have been confirmed to have sulfide oxidase activity. In the current work, we report the first characterization of a predicted group III SQR from Caldivirga maquilingensis, and confirm that this protein is a sulfide oxidase. The gene encoding the enzyme was cloned, and the protein was expressed in E. coli and purified. The enzyme oxidizes sulfide using decylubiquinone as an electron acceptor, and is inhibited by aurachin C and iodoacetamide. Analysis of the amino acid sequence indicates that the C. maquilingensis SQR has two amphiphilic helices at the C-terminus but lacks any transmembrane helices. This suggests that C. maquilingensis SQR interacts with the membrane surface and that the interactions are mediated by the C-terminal amphiphilic helices. Mutations within the last C-terminal amphiphilic helix resulted in a water-soluble form of the enzyme which, remarkably, retains full SQR activity using decylubiquinone as the electron acceptor. Mutations at one position, L379, also located in the C-terminal amphiphilic helix, inactivated the enzyme by preventing the interaction with decylubiquinone. It is concluded that the C-terminal amphiphilic helix is important for membrane binding and for forming part of the pathway providing access of the quinone substrate to the protein-bound flavin at the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Lencina
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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48
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Camara-Lemarroy CR, Gonzalez-Moreno EI, Guzman-de la Garza FJ, Fernandez-Garza NE. Arachidonic acid derivatives and their role in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:168953. [PMID: 22997489 PMCID: PMC3446639 DOI: 10.1100/2012/168953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, a process of axonal degradation, debris clearance, and subsequent regeneration is initiated by complex local signaling, called Wallerian degeneration (WD). This process is in part mediated by neuroglia as well as infiltrating inflammatory cells and regulated by inflammatory mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and the activation of transcription factors also related to the inflammatory response. Part of this neuroimmune signaling is mediated by the innate immune system, including arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The enzymes responsible for their production, cyclooxygenases and lipooxygenases, also participate in nerve degeneration and regeneration. The interactions between signals for nerve regeneration and neuroinflammation go all the way down to the molecular level. In this paper, we discuss the role that AA derivatives might play during WD and nerve regeneration, and the therapeutic possibilities that arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rodrigo Camara-Lemarroy
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, School of Medicine, Colonia Mitras Centro, 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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49
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Barroso-Neto IL, Marques JPC, da Costa RF, Caetano EWS, Cavada BS, Gottfried C, Freire VN. Inactivation of Ovine Cyclooxygenase-1 by Bromoaspirin and Aspirin: A Quantum Chemistry Description. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3270-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206397z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ito L. Barroso-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil
| | - João Paulo C. Marques
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-760,
Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roner F. da Costa
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-760,
Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ewerton W. S. Caetano
- Instituto
Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Fortaleza 60040-531, Ceará,
Brazil
| | - Benildo S. Cavada
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre
90035-003, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-760,
Ceará, Brazil
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50
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Perrone MG, Vitale P, Malerba P, Altomare A, Rizzi R, Lavecchia A, Di Giovanni C, Novellino E, Scilimati A. Diarylheterocycle Core Ring Features Effect in Selective COX-1 Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:629-41. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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