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Guan F, Gao S, Sheng H, Ma Y, Chen W, Qi X, Zhang X, Gao X, Pang S, Zhang L, Zhang L. Trim46 knockout impaired neuronal architecture and caused hypoactive behavior in rats. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:659-676. [PMID: 38193537 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif (TRIM46) is a relatively novel protein that belongs to tripartite motif family. TRIM46 organizes parallel microtubule arrays on the axons, which are important for neuronal polarity and axonal function. TRIM46 is highly expressed in the brain, but its biological function in adults has not yet been determined. RESULTS Trim46 knockout (KO) rat line was established using CRISPR/cas9. Trim46 KO rats had smaller hippocampus sizes, fewer neuronal dendritic arbors and dendritic spines, and shorter and more distant axon initial segment. Furthermore, the protein interaction between endogenous TRIM46 and FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) in brain tissues was determined; Trim46 KO increased hippocampal FKBP5 protein levels and decreased hippocampal protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1 (GABRA1) and glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 (NMDAR1) protein levels. Trim46 KO rats exhibited hypoactive behavioral changes such as reduced spontaneous activity, social interaction, sucrose preference, impaired prepulse inhibition (PPI), and short-term reference memory. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the significant impact of Trim46 KO on brain structure and behavioral function. This study revealed a novel potential association of TRIM46 with dendritic development and neuropsychiatric behavior, providing new insights into the role of TRIM46 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Guan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanxuan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Y, Dong Z, Gu F, Xu Y, Li Y, Sun W, Rao W, Du S, Zhu C, Wang Y, Wei F, Cai Q. Degradation of TRIM32 is induced by RTA for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0000524. [PMID: 38717113 PMCID: PMC11237441 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00005-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
TRIM32 is often aberrantly expressed in many types of cancers. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is linked with several human malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas (PELs). Increasing evidence has demonstrated the crucial role of KSHV lytic replication in viral tumorigenesis. However, the role of TRIM32 in herpesvirus lytic replication remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the expression of TRIM32 is upregulated by KSHV in latency, and reactivation of KSHV lytic replication leads to the inhibition of TRIM32 in PEL cells. Strikingly, RTA, the master regulator of lytic replication, interacts with TRIM32 and dramatically promotes TRIM32 for degradation via the proteasome systems. Inhibition of TRIM32 induces cell apoptosis and in turn inhibits the proliferation and colony formation of KSHV-infected PEL cells and facilitates the reactivation of KSHV lytic replication and virion production. Thus, our data imply that the degradation of TRIM32 is vital for the lytic activation of KSHV and is a potential therapeutic target for KSHV-associated cancers. IMPORTANCE TRIM32 is associated with many cancers and viral infections; however, the role of TRIM32 in viral oncogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that the expression of TRIM32 is elevated by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in latency, and RTA (the master regulator of lytic replication) induces TRIM32 for proteasome degradation upon viral lytic reactivation. This finding provides a potential therapeutic target for KSHV-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Zhang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Dong
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Xu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Sun
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wutian Rao
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujuan Du
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Zhu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Wei
- ShengYushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Development Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiliang Cai
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Institute of Infections Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganism and Infection, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Cong Y, Cui X, Shi Y, Pan X, Huang K, Geng Z, Xu P, Ge L, Zhu J, Xu J, Jia X. Tripartite-motif 3 represses ovarian cancer progression by downregulating lactate dehydrogenase A and inhibiting AKT signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04920-y. [PMID: 38367118 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase Tripartite-motif 3 (TRIM3) is known to play a crucial role in tumor suppression in various tumors through different mechanisms. However, its function and mechanism in ovarian cancer have yet to be elucidated. Our study aims to investigate the expression of TRIM3 in ovarian cancer and evaluate its role in the development of the disease. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in TRIM3 mRNA and protein levels in ovarian cancer tissues and cells when compared to normal ovarian epithelial tissues and cells. Furthermore, we observed a negative correlation between the protein level of TRIM3 and the FIGO stage, as well as a positive correlation with the survival of ovarian cancer patients. Using gain and loss of function experiments, we demonstrated that TRIM3 can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion of the ovarian cancer cells in vitro, as well as suppress tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that TRIM3 interacts with lactate dehydrogenase A, a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, through its B-box and coiled-coil domains and induces its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, leading to the inhibition of glycolytic ability in ovarian cancer cells. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed significant alterations in the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways upon TRIM3 overexpression. Additionally, overexpression of TRIM3 inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that TRIM3 exerts a tumor-suppressive effect in ovarian cancer, at least partially, by downregulating LDHA and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway, and thus leading to the inhibition of glycolysis and limiting the growth of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cong
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaqian Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxing Pan
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Geng
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Ge
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital), 123 Mochou Rd, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Park SH, Han J, Jeong BC, Song JH, Jang SH, Jeong H, Kim BH, Ko YG, Park ZY, Lee KE, Hyun J, Song HK. Structure and activation of the RING E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM72 on the membrane. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1695-1706. [PMID: 37770719 PMCID: PMC10643145 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Defects in plasma membrane repair can lead to muscle and heart diseases in humans. Tripartite motif-containing protein (TRIM)72 (mitsugumin 53; MG53) has been determined to rapidly nucleate vesicles at the site of membrane damage, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we present the structure of Mus musculus TRIM72, a complete model of a TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrated that the interaction between TRIM72 and phosphatidylserine-enriched membranes is necessary for its oligomeric assembly and ubiquitination activity. Using cryogenic electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, we elucidated a higher-order model of TRIM72 assembly on the phospholipid bilayer. Combining structural and biochemical techniques, we developed a working molecular model of TRIM72, providing insights into the regulation of RING-type E3 ligases through the cooperation of multiple domains in higher-order assemblies. Our findings establish a fundamental basis for the study of TRIM E3 ligases and have therapeutic implications for diseases associated with membrane repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Hoon Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juhyun Han
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Cheon Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- CSL Seqirus, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Ju Han Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyeongseop Jeong
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Bong Heon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Ko
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zee-Yong Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyung Hyun
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Song
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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5
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Feng J, Xu X, Wu J, Guo C. Deciphering roles of TRIMs as promising targets in hepatocellular carcinoma: current advances and future directions. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115538. [PMID: 37729731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) family is assigned to RING-finger-containing ligases harboring the largest number of proteins in E3 ubiquitin ligating enzymes. E3 ubiquitin ligases target the specific substrate for proteasomal degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which seems to be a more effective and direct strategy for tumor therapy. Recent advances have demonstrated that TRIM genes associate with the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TRIMs trigger or inhibit multiple biological activities like proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, ferroptosis and autophagy in HCC dependent on its highly conserved yet diverse structures. Remarkably, autophagy is another proteolytic pathway for intracellular protein degradation and TRIM proteins may help to delineate the interaction between the two proteolytic systems. In depth research on the precise molecular mechanisms of TRIM family will allow for targeting TRIM in HCC treatment. We also highlight several potential directions warranted further development associated with TRIM family to provide bright insight into its translational values in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Xuanfu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shidong Hospital, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianye Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China.
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200060, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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6
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Perea‐Cabrera M, Granados‐Riveron JT, Segura‐Stanford B, Moreno‐Vargas LM, Prada‐Gracia D, Moran‐Espinosa MC, Erdmenger J, Diaz‐Garcia H, Sánchez‐Urbina R. Opitz GBBB syndrome with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: A new MID1 gene variant. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2234. [PMID: 37498300 PMCID: PMC10496055 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opitz GBBB syndrome (GBBB) is an X-linked disease characterized by midline defects, including congenital heart defects. We present our diagnostic approach to the identification of GBBB in a consanguineous family in which two males siblings were concordant for a total anomalous connection of pulmonary veins and minor facial dysmorphias. METHODS Targeted exome sequencing analysis of a 380-gene panel associated with cardiovascular disease was performed on the propositus. Interpretative analysis of the exome results was conducted, and 3D models of the protein changes were generated. RESULTS We identified a NM_000381.4:c.608G>A;p.(Arg203Gln) change in MID1, affecting the conformation of the B-box 2 domain of the protein, with a zinc finger structure and associated protein interactions. This clinical phenotype is consistent with GBBB; however, the type of congenital heart disease observed in this case has not been previously reported. CONCLUSION A new likely pathogenic variant on MID1 c.608G>A was found to be associated with Opitz GBBB syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryangel Perea‐Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones CongénitasHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMexico CityMexico
| | - Javier T. Granados‐Riveron
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones CongénitasHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMexico CityMexico
| | | | - Liliana M. Moreno‐Vargas
- Unidad de Investigación en Biología Computacional y Diseño de FármacosHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Diego Prada‐Gracia
- Unidad de Investigación en Biología Computacional y Diseño de FármacosHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Mari C. Moran‐Espinosa
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones CongénitasHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMexico CityMexico
| | - Julio Erdmenger
- Departamento de CardiologíaHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMexico CityMexico
| | - Hector Diaz‐Garcia
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones CongénitasHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMexico CityMexico
| | - Rocío Sánchez‐Urbina
- Centro de Investigación en Malformaciones CongénitasHospital Infantil de México Federico GómezMexico CityMexico
- Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexico
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7
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Jeong SY, Choi JH, Kim J, Woo JS, Lee EH. Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 32 (TRIM32): What Does It Do for Skeletal Muscle? Cells 2023; 12:2104. [PMID: 37626915 PMCID: PMC10453674 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) is a member of the tripartite motif family and is highly conserved from flies to humans. Via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, TRIM32 mediates and regulates many physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as growth, differentiation, muscle regeneration, immunity, and carcinogenesis. TRIM32 plays multifunctional roles in the maintenance of skeletal muscle. Genetic variations in the TRIM32 gene are associated with skeletal muscular dystrophies in humans, including limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). LGMD2H-causing genetic variations of TRIM32 occur most frequently in the C-terminal NHL (ncl-1, HT2A, and lin-41) repeats of TRIM32. LGMD2H is characterized by skeletal muscle dystrophy, myopathy, and atrophy. Surprisingly, most patients with LGMD2H show minimal or no dysfunction in other tissues or organs, despite the broad expression of TRIM32 in various tissues. This suggests more prominent roles for TRIM32 in skeletal muscle than in other tissues or organs. This review is focused on understanding the physiological roles of TRIM32 in skeletal muscle, the pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by TRIM32 genetic variants in LGMD2H patients, and the correlations between TRIM32 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooho Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Woo
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 10833, USA
| | - Eun Hui Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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8
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Campbell LK, Peery RM, Magor KE. Evolution and expression of the duck TRIM gene repertoire. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220081. [PMID: 37622121 PMCID: PMC10445537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in development, innate immunity, and viral restriction. TRIM gene repertoires vary between species, likely due to diversification caused by selective pressures from pathogens; however, this has not been explored in birds. We mined a de novo assembled transcriptome for the TRIM gene repertoire of the domestic mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), a reservoir host of influenza A viruses. We found 57 TRIM genes in the duck, which represent all 12 subfamilies based on their C-terminal domains. Members of the C-IV subfamily with C-terminal PRY-SPRY domains are known to augment immune responses in mammals. We compared C-IV TRIM proteins between reptiles, birds, and mammals and show that many C-IV subfamily members have arisen independently in these lineages. A comparison of the MHC-linked C-IV TRIM genes reveals expansions in birds and reptiles. The TRIM25 locus with related innate receptor modifiers is adjacent to the MHC in reptile and marsupial genomes, suggesting the ancestral organization. Within the avian lineage, both the MHC and TRIM25 loci have undergone significant TRIM gene reorganizations and divergence, both hallmarks of pathogen-driven selection. To assess the expression of TRIM genes, we aligned RNA-seq reads from duck tissues. C-IV TRIMs had high relative expression in immune relevant sites such as the lung, spleen, kidney, and intestine, and low expression in immune privileged sites such as in the brain or gonads. Gene loss and gain in the evolution of the TRIM repertoire in birds suggests candidate immune genes and potential targets of viral subversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rhiannon M. Peery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katharine E. Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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9
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Kaur A, Gladu EM, Wright KM, Webb JA, Massiah MA. B-box1 Domain of MID1 Interacts with the Ube2D1 E2 Enzyme Differently Than RING E3 Ligases. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1012-1025. [PMID: 36820504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The MID1 TRIM protein is important for ventral midline development in vertebrates, and mutations of its B-box1 domain result in several birth defects. The B-box1 domain of the human MID1 protein binds two zinc atoms and adopt a similar ββα-RING structure. This domain is required for the efficient ubiquitination of protein phosphatase 2A, alpha4, and fused kinase. Considering the structural similarity, the MID1 B-box1 domain exhibits mono-autoubiquitination activity, in contrast to poly-autoubiquitination observed for RING E3 ligases. To understand its mechanism of action, the interaction of the B-box1 domain with Ube2D1 (UbcH5a, E2), a preferred E2 ligase, is investigated. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, the MID1 RING and B-box1 domains were observed to have similar binding affinities with the Ube2D1 protein. However, NMR 15N-1H Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence titration, 15N relaxation data, and High Ambiguity Driven protein-protein DOCKing (HADDOCK) calculations show the B-box1 domain binding on a surface distinct from where RING domains bind. The novel binding interaction shows the B-box1 domain partially overlapping the noncovalent Ube2D1 and a ubiquitin binding site that is necessary for poly-autoubiquitination activity. The B-box1 domain also displaces the ubiquitin from the Ube2D1 protein. These studies reveal a novel binding interaction between the zinc-binding ββα-fold B-box1 domain and the Ube2D enzyme family and that this difference in binding, compared to RING E3 ligases, provides a rationale for its auto-monoubiquitination E3 ligase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Erin M Gladu
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Katharine M Wright
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Jessica A Webb
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Michael A Massiah
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
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10
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Chen WY, Gong YQ, Zhou XR, Zhang RD, Liu SH, Lu W, Ren Q, Huang Y. Eight TRIM32 isoforms from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense are involved in innate immunity during white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:368-380. [PMID: 36243272 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins comprise a large family of RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligases that regulate important biological processes. In this study, full-length MnTRIM32 cDNA was obtained from oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense, and eight MnTRIM32 isoforms generated by alternative splicing were identified. The open reading frames of the eight MnTRIM32 isoforms were predicted to be separately composed of 402, 346, 347, 346, 414, 358, 359, and 358 amino acid residues. Protein structural analysis revealed that all MnTRIM32 isoforms contained a RING domain and a coiled coil region. MnTRIM32 was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues tested, with the highest expression in the hepatopancreas. The mRNA levels of MnTRIM32 in the gills, stomach, and intestine of prawns were found to undergo time-dependent enhancement following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) stimulation. Double-stranded RNA interference studies revealed that MnTRIM32 silencing significantly downregulated the expression levels of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor MnIRF, IFN-like factor MnVago4, and tumor necrosis factor MnTNF. Furthermore, knockdown of MnTRIM32 in WSSV-challenged prawns increased the expression of VP28 and the number of WSSV copies, suggesting that MnTRIM32 plays a positive role in limiting WSSV infection. These findings provided strong evidence for the important role of MnTRIM32 in the antiviral innate immunity of M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yu Chen
- College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yi-Qing Gong
- Institute of Water Science and Technology, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Xu-Ri Zhou
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Rui-Dong Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Song-Hai Liu
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangsu Power Transmission and Transformation Company Limited, 280 Heyan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210038, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
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11
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Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zheng L, Guo Q. The roles and targeting options of TRIM family proteins in tumor. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999380. [PMID: 36249749 PMCID: PMC9561884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) containing proteins are a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, which are critically implicated in the occurrence and development of tumors. They can function through regulating various aspects of tumors, such as tumor proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and the development of drug resistance during tumor therapy. Some members of TRIM family proteins can mediate protein ubiquitination and chromosome translocation via modulating several signaling pathways, like p53, NF-κB, AKT, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin and other molecular regulatory mechanisms. The multi-domain nature/multi-functional biological role of TRIMs implies that blocking just one function or one domain might not be sufficient to obtain the desired therapeutic outcome, therefore, a detailed and systematic understanding of the biological functions of the individual domains of TRIMs is required. This review mainly described their roles and underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis and progression, and it might shade light on a potential targeting strategy for TRIMs in tumor treatment, especially using PROTACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Qianqian Guo,
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Qianqian Guo,
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12
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Lu K, Pan Y, Huang Z, Liang H, Ding ZY, Zhang B. TRIM proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:69. [PMID: 36100865 PMCID: PMC9469581 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is a highly conserved group of E3 ligases with 77 members known in the human, most of which consist of a RING-finger domain, one or two B-box domains, and a coiled-coil domain. Generally, TRIM proteins function as E3 ligases to facilitate specific proteasomal degradation of target proteins. In addition, E3 ligase independent functions of TRIM protein were also reported. In hepatocellular carcinoma, expressions of TRIM proteins are both regulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. TRIM proteins regulate multiple biological activities and signaling cascades. And TRIM proteins influence hallmarks of HCC. This review systematically demonstrates the versatile roles of TRIM proteins in HCC and helps us better understand the molecular mechanism of the development and progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Lu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonglong Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China. .,Clinical Medical Research Center of Hepatic Surgery at Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, National Health Commission, Wuhan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Bandara WW, Wijesundera WSS, Hettiarachchi C. Rice and Arabidopsis BBX proteins: toward genetic engineering of abiotic stress resistant crops. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:164. [PMID: 36092969 PMCID: PMC9452616 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Productivity of crop plants are enormously affected by biotic and abiotic stresses. The co-occurrence of several abiotic stresses may lead to death of crop plants. Hence, it is the responsibility of plant scientists to develop crop plants equipped with multistress tolerance pathways. A subgroup of zinc finger transcription factor family, known as B-box (BBX) proteins, play a key role in light and hormonal regulation pathways. In addition, BBX proteins act as key regulatory proteins in many abiotic stress regulatory pathways, including Ultraviolet-B (UV-B), salinity, drought, heat and cold, and heavy metal stresses. Most of the BBX proteins identified in Arabidopsis and rice respond to more than one abiotic stress. Considering the requirement of improving rice for multistress tolerance, this review discusses functionally characterized Arabidopsis and rice BBX proteins in the development of abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, it highlights the participation of BBX proteins in multistress regulation and crop improvement through genetic engineering.
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14
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Gao FY, Zhou X, Lu MX, Wang M, Liu ZG, Cao JM, Ke XL, Yi MM. Nile tilapia TRIM39 recruits I3K413 and I3KL45 as adaptors and is involved in the NF-κB pathway. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:144-153. [PMID: 35514248 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins play a regulatory function in cancer, cell apoptosis and innate immunity. To understand the role of TRIM39 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), TRIM39 cDNA was isolated. The total length of TRIM39 cDNA was 5025 bp. The deduced OnTRIM39 protein contains 549 amino acids and has conserved domains of the TRIM family, which are the RING, B-box, coiled-coil and PRY-SPRY domains. OnTRIM39 mRNA was widely expressed in various tissues. After challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae and stimulation with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the amount of OnTRIM39 transcript was changed in various tested tissues. OnTRIM39 overexpression increased NF-κB activity. OnTRIM39 was present in the cytoplasm. Mass spectrometry of proteins pulled down with recombinant OnTRIM39 showed that 250 proteins potentially interact with OnTRIM39. The authors selected I3K4I3 from the 250 candidate proteins to verify its interaction with TRIM39. They also selected I3KL45, a member of the same 14-3-3 protein family, to verify its interaction with TRIM39. The results of pull-down assays showed that OnTRIM39 interacted with both I3K413 and I3KL45. These results contribute to further study of the innate immune mechanism of tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mai-Xin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Jiang-Meng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ke
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Meng-Meng Yi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture/Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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15
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Neuhaus D. Zinc finger structure determination by NMR: Why zinc fingers can be a handful. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 130-131:62-105. [PMID: 36113918 PMCID: PMC7614390 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc fingers can be loosely defined as protein domains containing one or more tetrahedrally-co-ordinated zinc ions whose role is to stabilise the structure rather than to be involved in enzymatic chemistry; such zinc ions are often referred to as "structural zincs". Although structural zincs can occur in proteins of any size, they assume particular significance for very small protein domains, where they are often essential for maintaining a folded state. Such small structures, that sometimes have only marginal stability, can present particular difficulties in terms of sample preparation, handling and structure determination, and early on they gained a reputation for being resistant to crystallisation. As a result, NMR has played a more prominent role in structural studies of zinc finger proteins than it has for many other types of proteins. This review will present an overview of the particular issues that arise for structure determination of zinc fingers by NMR, and ways in which these may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neuhaus
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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16
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Chen R, Tie Y, Lu J, Li L, Zeng Z, Chen M, Zhang S. Tripartite motif family proteins in inflammatory bowel disease: Mechanisms and potential for interventions. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13222. [PMID: 35373402 PMCID: PMC9136508 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic recurrent gastrointestinal inflammatory disease that poses a heavy burden to the global healthcare system. However, the current paucity of mechanistic understanding of IBD pathogenesis hampers the development of aetiology‐directed therapies. Novel therapeutic options based on IBD pathogenesis are urgently needed for attaining better long‐term prognosis for IBD patients. The tripartite motif (TRIM) family is a large protein family including more than 70 structurally conservative members, typically characterized by their RBCC structure, which primarily function as E3 ubiquitin ligases in post‐translational modification. They have emerged as regulators of a broad range of cellular mechanisms, including proliferation, differentiation, transcription and immune regulation. TRIM family proteins are involved in multiple diseases, such as viral infection, cancer and autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on TRIM proteins' involvement in the pathophysiology and progression of IBD, in particular, on intestinal mucosal barriers, gene susceptibility and opportunistic infections, thus providing novel therapeutic targets for this complicated disease. However, the exact mechanisms of TRIM proteins in IBD pathogenesis and IBD‐related carcinogenesis are still unknown, and more studies are warranted to explore potential therapeutic targets of TRIM proteins in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rirong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhe Tie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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TRIM proteins in fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112340. [PMID: 34678729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an outcome of tissue repair after different types of injuries. The homeostasis of extracellular matrix is broken, and excessive deposition occurs, affecting the normal function of tissues and organs, which could become prostrated in serious cases.Finding a suitable target to regulate the repair process and reduce the damage caused by fibrosis is a hot research topic at present. The TRIM family is number of one of the E3 ubiquitin ligase subfamilies and participates in various biological processes including intracellular signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, and immunity by regulating the ubiquitination of target proteins. For the past few years, the important role of TRIM in the occurrence and development of fibrosis has been gradually revealed. In this review, we focus on the recent emerging topics on TRIM proteins in the regulation of fibrosis, fibrosis-related cytokines and pathways.
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18
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Jones EL, Laidlaw SM, Dustin LB. TRIM21/Ro52 - Roles in Innate Immunity and Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738473. [PMID: 34552597 PMCID: PMC8450407 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM21 (Ro52/SSA1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with key roles in immune host defence, signal transduction, and possibly cell cycle regulation. It is also an autoantibody target in Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and other rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Here, we summarise the structure and function of this enzyme, its roles in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and cellular homeostasis, the pathogenesis of autoimmunity against TRIM21, and the potential impacts of autoantibodies to this intracellular protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Jones
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Laidlaw
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn B Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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19
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D'Amico F, Mukhopadhyay R, Ovaa H, Mulder MPC. Targeting TRIM Proteins: A Quest towards Drugging an Emerging Protein Class. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2011-2031. [PMID: 33482040 PMCID: PMC8251876 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitylation machinery regulates several fundamental biological processes from protein homeostasis to a wide variety of cellular signaling pathways. As a consequence, its dysregulation is linked to diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmunity. With this review, we aim to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting E3 ligases, with a special focus on an emerging class of RING ligases, named tri-partite motif (TRIM) proteins, whose role as targets for drug development is currently gaining pharmaceutical attention. TRIM proteins exert their catalytic activity as scaffolds involved in many protein-protein interactions, whose multidomains and adapter-like nature make their druggability very challenging. Herein, we give an overview of the current understanding of this class of single polypeptide RING E3 ligases and discuss potential targeting options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca D'Amico
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Rishov Mukhopadhyay
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Huib Ovaa
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Monique P. C. Mulder
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical BiologyLeiden University Medical Center (LUMC)Einthovenweg 202333ZCLeidenThe Netherlands
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20
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Shen Z, Wei L, Yu ZB, Yao ZY, Cheng J, Wang YT, Song XT, Li M. The Roles of TRIMs in Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:628275. [PMID: 33791238 PMCID: PMC8005608 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.628275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which contains over 80 members in human sapiens, is the largest subfamily of the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase family. It is implicated in regulating various cellular functions, including cell cycle process, autophagy, and immune response. The dysfunction of TRIMs may lead to numerous diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lots of studies in recent years have demonstrated that many TRIM proteins exert antiviral roles. TRIM proteins could affect viral replication by regulating the signaling pathways of antiviral innate immune responses. Besides, TRIM proteins can directly target viral components, which can lead to the degradation or functional inhibition of viral protein through degradative or non-degradative mechanisms and consequently interrupt the viral lifecycle. However, new evidence suggests that some viruses may manipulate TRIM proteins for their replication. Here, we summarize the latest discoveries on the interactions between TRIM protein and virus, especially TRIM proteins’ role in the signaling pathway of antiviral innate immune response and the direct “game” between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Shen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Song
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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21
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Bawa S, Piccirillo R, Geisbrecht ER. TRIM32: A Multifunctional Protein Involved in Muscle Homeostasis, Glucose Metabolism, and Tumorigenesis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030408. [PMID: 33802079 PMCID: PMC7999776 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tripartite motif family of proteins 32 (TRIM32) is a ubiquitous multifunctional protein that has demonstrated roles in differentiation, muscle physiology and regeneration, and tumor suppression. Mutations in TRIM32 result in two clinically diverse diseases. A mutation in the B-box domain gives rise to Bardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS), a disease whose clinical presentation shares no muscle pathology, while mutations in the NHL (NCL-1, HT2A, LIN-41) repeats of TRIM32 causes limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). TRIM32 also functions as a tumor suppressor, but paradoxically is overexpressed in certain types of cancer. Recent evidence supports a role for TRIM32 in glycolytic-mediated cell growth, thus providing a possible mechanism for TRIM32 in the accumulation of cellular biomass during regeneration and tumorigenesis, including in vitro and in vivo approaches, to understand the broad spectrum of TRIM32 functions. A special emphasis is placed on the utility of the Drosophila model, a unique system to study glycolysis and anabolic pathways that contribute to the growth and homeostasis of both normal and tumor tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simranjot Bawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Erika R. Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(785)-532-3105
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22
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Wan T, Li X, Li Y. The role of TRIM family proteins in autophagy, pyroptosis, and diabetes mellitus. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:913-926. [PMID: 33438267 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system, which is one of the systems for cell protein homeostasis and degradation, happens through the ordered and coordinated action of three types of enzymes, E1 ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin-carrier enzyme, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) family proteins are the richest subfamily of really interesting new gene E3 ubiquitin ligases, which play a critical role not only in many biological processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, pyroptosis, innate immunity, and autophagy, but also many diseases like cancer, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative disease. Increasing evidence suggests that TRIM family proteins play a vital role in modulating autophagy, pyroptosis, and diabetes mellitus. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of TRIM proteins in the regulation of autophagy, pyroptosis, diabetes mellitus, and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiudan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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23
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Song Z, Yan T, Liu J, Bian Y, Heng Y, Lin F, Jiang Y, Wang Deng X, Xu D. BBX28/BBX29, HY5 and BBX30/31 form a feedback loop to fine-tune photomorphogenic development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:377-390. [PMID: 32654323 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the key environmental cues controlling photomorphogenic development in plants. A group of B-box (BBX) proteins play critical roles in this developmental process through diverse regulatory mechanisms. In this study we report that BBX29 acts as a negative regulator of light signaling. BBX29 interacts with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and undergoes COP1-mediated degradation in the dark. Mutant seedlings with loss of BBX29 function show shortened hypocotyls, while transgenic plants overexpressing BBX29 display elongated hypocotyls in the light. Both BBX28 and BBX29 interfere with the binding of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) to the promoters of BBX30 and BBX31, consequently leading to the upregulation of their transcript levels. BBX30 and BBX31 associate with the promoter regions of BBX28 and BBX29, which in turn promotes the expression of these genes. Taken together, this study reveals a transcriptional feedback loop consisting of BBX28, BBX29, BBX30, BBX31, and HY5 that serves to fine-tune photomorphogenesis in response to light in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yeting Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yueqin Heng
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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24
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Baldini R, Mascaro M, Meroni G. The MID1 gene product in physiology and disease. Gene 2020; 747:144655. [PMID: 32283114 PMCID: PMC8011326 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
MID1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) subfamily of RING-containing proteins, hence also known as TRIM18. MID1 is a microtubule-binding protein found in complex with the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and its regulatory subunit alpha 4 (α4). To date, several substrates and interactors of MID1 have been described, providing evidence for the involvement of MID1 in a plethora of essential biological processes, especially during embryonic development. Mutations in the MID1 gene are responsible of the X-linked form of Opitz syndrome (XLOS), a multiple congenital disease characterised by defects in the development of midline structures during embryogenesis. Here, we review MID1-related physiological mechanisms as well as the pathological implication of the MID1 gene in XLOS and in other clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Baldini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Mascaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Germana Meroni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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25
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B-box Proteins in Arachis duranensis: Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Profiles Analysis. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
B-box (BBX) proteins are important factors involved in plant growth and developmental regulation, and they have been identified in many species. However, information on the characteristics and transcription patterns of BBX genes in wild peanut are limited. In this study, we identified and characterized 24 BBX genes from a wild peanut, Arachis duranensis. Many characteristics were analyzed, including chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, and gene structures. Arachis duranensis B-box (AdBBX) proteins were grouped into five classes based on the diversity of their conserved domains: I (3 genes), II (4 genes), III (4 genes), IV (9 genes), and V (4 genes). Fifteen distinct motifs were found in the 24 AdBBX proteins. Duplication analysis revealed the presence of two interchromosomal duplicated gene pairs, from group II and IV. In addition, 95 kinds of cis-acting elements were found in the genes’ promoter regions, 53 of which received putative functional predictions. The numbers and types of cis-acting elements varied among different AdBBX promoters, and, as a result, AdBBX genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in different tissues. Transcriptional profiling combined with synteny analysis suggests that AdBBX8 may be a key factor involved in flowering time regulation. Our study will provide essential information for further functional investigation of AdBBX genes.
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26
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Li CG, Hu H, Yang XJ, Huang CQ, Yu XQ. TRIM44 Promotes Colorectal Cancer Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion Through the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10693-10701. [PMID: 31849481 PMCID: PMC6910860 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s228637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The tripartite motif protein 44 (TRIM44) participates in a variety of biological processes of malignant tumors. However, the expression and molecular mechanism of TRIM44 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Patients and methods 123 CRC tissues were used for immunohistochemical assay and survival analysis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to silence the expression of TRIM44 in CRC cell lines. Then, we explored the effect of TRIM44 on the biological behavior of CRC cells. Finally, we studied the underlying mechanisms by Western blot. Results We found that TRIM44 is up-regulated in CRC tissues and cells. TRIM44 is a risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with CRC. In vitro, we effectively silenced the expression of TRIM44 in CRC cell lines. Silencing of TRIM44 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. In terms of mechanistic studies, we found that high TRIM44 expression activates the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Our research showed that TRIM44 may serve as a biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Guang Li
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Hu
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qun Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiao Yu
- Department of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhang P, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang P, Qi Y. Tripartite Motif-Containing Protein 59 (TRIM59) Promotes Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Progression via the Focal Adhesion Kinase(FAK)/AKT/Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3366-3373. [PMID: 31062766 PMCID: PMC6519306 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tripartite motif-containing protein 59 (TRIM59) is an important member of the TRIM family, which regulates biological processes. However, the relationship between TRIM59 and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is not clear. Material/Methods The TRIM59 expression level was detected in EOC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, and wound healing assay were performed to determine the effects of TRIM59 on EOC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Silencing of the expression of TRIM59 in EOC cells and expression of FAK/AKT/MMP pathway-related protein were detected by Western blot analysis. Results Through bioinformatics analysis, TRIM59 was found to be highly expressed in EOC and was correlated with prognosis of patients. TRIM59 was upregulated in EOC tissues and cells. Silencing TRIM59 significantly suppressed EOC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. In terms of molecular mechanism, silencing TRIM59 inhibited the FAK/AKT/MMP pathway. Conclusions TRIM59 is a biomarker for the prognosis of EOC. It is also oncogenic and a potential target for EOC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Hengliang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Pan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China (mainland)
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28
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Analysis of the Zn-Binding Domains of TRIM32, the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Mutated in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy 2H. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030254. [PMID: 30884854 PMCID: PMC6468550 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the tripartite motif family of E3 ubiquitin ligases are characterized by the presence of a conserved N-terminal module composed of a RING domain followed by one or two B-box domains, a coiled-coil and a variable C-terminal region. The RING and B-box are both Zn-binding domains but, while the RING is found in a large number of proteins, the B-box is exclusive to the tripartite motif (TRIM) family members in metazoans. Whereas the RING has been extensively characterized and shown to possess intrinsic E3 ligase catalytic activity, much less is known about the role of the B-box domains. In this study, we adopted an in vitro approach using recombinant point- and deletion-mutants to characterize the contribution of the TRIM32 Zn-binding domains to the activity of this E3 ligase that is altered in a genetic form of muscular dystrophy. We found that the RING domain is crucial for E3 ligase activity and E2 specificity, whereas a complete B-box domain is involved in chain assembly rate modulation. Further, in vitro, the RING domain is necessary to modulate TRIM32 oligomerization, whereas, in cells, both the RING and B-box cooperate to specify TRIM32 subcellular localization, which if altered may impact the pathogenesis of diseases.
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29
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Zhou Z, Wei K, Zhang J. The two TRIM25 isoforms were differentially induced in Larimichthys crocea post poly (I:C) stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:672-679. [PMID: 30529437 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we identified and characterized a tripartite motif containing 25 (TRIM25) gene homologue, LcTRIM25, from large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Two isoforms of LcTRIM25, which were generated via alternative splicing, were identified via a molecular analysis of cDNA clones. The long isoform of LcTRIM25 (termed as LcTRIM25-L) contained the full open reading frame of the gene, encoded a protein of 698 amino acid residues, and possessed 11 exons. The short isoform of LcTRIM25 (termed as LcTRIM25-S) contained 9 exons and encoded a protein of 665 amino acid residues. The two LcTRIM25 isoforms contained a conserved Really Interesting New Gene (RING) domain, a B-box2 domain, a Coiled-coil domain (CCD), and variable C-terminal PRY/SPRY domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two LcTRIM25 isoforms of the large yellow croaker was clustered together with their counterparts from other teleost fish. The Real-time PCR analysis showed that the LcTRIM25-L and LcTRIM25-S isoforms were both ubiquitously expressed in nine examined tissues in the large yellow croaker, with predominant expressions in the liver. The expression levels of the two isoforms of LcTRIM25 were rapidly and significantly upregulated in vivo after poly (I:C) stimulation in peripheral blood, head kidney, spleen and liver. Moreover, LcTRIM25-L and LcTRIM25-S showed differential expression post poly(I:C) stimulation. LcTRIM25 may have a dual role in innate immunity via alternative gene splicing. These results indicated that LcTRIM25 is likely to be involved in antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Ke Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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30
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Vaishak KP, Yadukrishnan P, Bakshi S, Kushwaha AK, Ramachandran H, Job N, Babu D, Datta S. The B-box bridge between light and hormones in plants. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 191:164-174. [PMID: 30640143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant development is meticulously modulated by interactions between the surrounding environment and the endogenous phytohormones. Light, as an external signal coordinates with the extensive networks of hormones inside the plant to execute its effects on growth and development. Several proteins in plants have been identified for their crucial roles in mediating light regulated development. Among these are the B-box (BBX) family of transcription factors characterized by the presence of zinc-finger B-box domain in their N-terminal region. In Arabidopsis there are 32 BBX proteins that are divided into five structural groups on the basis of the domains present. Several BBX proteins play important roles in seedling photomorphogenesis, neighbourhood detection and photoperiodic regulation of flowering. There is increasing evidence that besides light signaling BBX proteins also play integral roles in several hormone signaling pathways in plants. Here we attempt to comprehensively integrate the roles of multiple BBX proteins in various light and hormone signaling pathways. We further discuss the role of the BBX proteins in mediating crosstalk between the two signaling pathways to harmonize plant growth and development. Finally, we try to analyse the conservation of BBX genes across species and discuss the role of BBX proteins in regulating economically important traits in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Vaishak
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India; School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Premachandran Yadukrishnan
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Souvika Bakshi
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Amit Kumar Kushwaha
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Harshil Ramachandran
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Nikhil Job
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Dion Babu
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Plant Cell and Development Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal, India.
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31
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Wei Y, Chen S, Wang M, Cheng A. Tripartite motif-containing proteins precisely and positively affect host antiviral immune response. Scand J Immunol 2018; 87:e12669. [PMID: 29706026 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIMs) comprise a large family of proteins with over 70 members in humans. Recent studies have shown that TRIMs play unexpected roles in the antiviral immune responses to infections by HIV, MLV, EMCV, AIV and other viruses. There are two mechanisms used by TRIMs in the inhibition of virus infections: (1) TRIMs target the produced viruses for ubiquitination, which induces proteasome-dependent degradation, or they interact with host proteins to inhibit viral infection in various periods of the viral life cycle. (2) TRIMs activate innate immune signalling pathways, such as RLR and TLR, which induce IFN production. In this study, we will review recent studies regarding the means by which TRIMs function as inhibitors in viral infection through the mechanisms described above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wei
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - M Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - A Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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32
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Liu X, Li R, Dai Y, Chen X, Wang X. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the B-box gene family in the Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome. Mol Genet Genomics 2017; 293:303-315. [PMID: 29063961 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The B-box proteins (BBXs) are a family of zinc finger proteins containing one/two B-box domain(s). Compared with intensive studies of animal BBXs, investigations of the plant BBX family are limited, though some specific plant BBXs have been demonstrated to act as transcription factors in the regulation of flowering and photomorphogenesis. In this study, using a global search of the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome, a total of 64 members of BBX (MdBBX) were identified. All the MdBBXs were divided into five groups based on the phylogenetic relationship, numbers of B-boxes contained and whether there was with an additional CCT domain. According to the characteristics of organ-specific expression, MdBBXs were divided into three groups based on the microarray information. An analysis of cis-acting elements showed that elements related to the stress response were prevalent in the promoter sequences of most MdBBXs. Twelve MdBBX members from different groups were randomly selected and exposed to abiotic stresses. Their expressions were up-regulated to some extent in the roots and leaves. Six among 12 MdBBXs were sensitive to osmotic pressure, salt, cold stress and exogenous abscisic acid treatment, with their expressions enhanced more than 20-fold. Our results suggested that MdBBXs may take part in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqing Dai
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong Taian, 271018, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Martín-Vicente M, Medrano LM, Resino S, García-Sastre A, Martínez I. TRIM25 in the Regulation of the Antiviral Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1187. [PMID: 29018447 PMCID: PMC5614919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM25 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme that is involved in various cellular processes, including regulation of the innate immune response against viruses. TRIM25-mediated ubiquitination of the cytosolic pattern recognition receptor RIG-I is an essential step for initiation of the intracellular antiviral response and has been thoroughly documented. In recent years, however, additional roles of TRIM25 in early innate immunity are emerging, including negative regulation of RIG-I, activation of the melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5–mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein–TRAF6 antiviral axis and modulation of p53 levels and activity. In addition, the ability of TRIM25 to bind RNA may uncover new mechanisms by which this molecule regulates intracellular signaling and/or RNA virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Vicente
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luz M Medrano
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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34
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The TRIMendous Role of TRIMs in Virus-Host Interactions. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5030023. [PMID: 28829373 PMCID: PMC5620554 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate antiviral response is integral in protecting the host against virus infection. Many proteins regulate these signaling pathways including ubiquitin enzymes. The ubiquitin-activating (E1), -conjugating (E2), and -ligating (E3) enzymes work together to link ubiquitin, a small protein, onto other ubiquitin molecules or target proteins to mediate various effector functions. The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is a group of E3 ligases implicated in the regulation of a variety of cellular functions including cell cycle progression, autophagy, and innate immunity. Many antiviral signaling pathways, including type-I interferon and NF-κB, are TRIM-regulated, thus influencing the course of infection. Additionally, several TRIMs directly restrict viral replication either through proteasome-mediated degradation of viral proteins or by interfering with different steps of the viral replication cycle. In addition, new studies suggest that TRIMs can exert their effector functions via the synthesis of unconventional polyubiquitin chains, including unanchored (non-covalently attached) polyubiquitin chains. TRIM-conferred viral inhibition has selected for viruses that encode direct and indirect TRIM antagonists. Furthermore, new evidence suggests that the same antagonists encoded by viruses may hijack TRIM proteins to directly promote virus replication. Here, we describe numerous virus–TRIM interactions and novel roles of TRIMs during virus infections.
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Wright KM, Du H, Massiah MA. Structural and functional observations of the P151L MID1 mutation reveal alpha4 plays a significant role in X-linked Opitz Syndrome. FEBS J 2017; 284:2183-2193. [PMID: 28548391 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of human MID1 are associated with X-linked Opitz G Syndrome (XLOS), which is characterized by midline birth defects. XLOS-observed mutations within the MID1 B-box1 domain are associated with cleft lip/palate, wide-spaced eyes and hyperspadias. Three of the four XLOS-observed mutations in the B-box1 domain results in unfolding but the structural and functional effects of the P151L mutation is not characterized. Here, we demonstrate that the P151L mutation does not disrupt the overall tertiary structure of the B-box1 domain and the adjacent domains. In fact, MID1 E3 ligase activity is slightly enhanced. However, the P151L mutation disrupted the ability of MID1 to catalyze the poly-ubiquitination of alpha4, a novel regulator of PP2A. This observation is consistent with results observed with the other three structure-destabilizing B-box1 mutations in targeting alpha4 but not PP2A. Alpha4 is shown to bind and sequester the catalytic subunit of PP2A and protect it from MID1-mediated ubiquitination and as a result, an increase in alpha4 can contribute to an increase in PP2A, playing a greater role in midline development during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Science, George Washington University, DC, USA
| | - Haijuan Du
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Science, George Washington University, DC, USA
| | - Michael A Massiah
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Science, George Washington University, DC, USA
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Structural determinants of TRIM protein function. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:183-191. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins constitute one of the largest subfamilies of Really Interesting New Gene (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligases and contribute to the regulation of numerous cellular activities, including innate immune responses. The conserved TRIM harbours a RING domain that imparts E3 ligase activity to TRIM family proteins, whilst a variable C-terminal region can mediate recognition of substrate proteins. The knowledge of the structure of these multidomain proteins and the functional interplay between their constituent domains is paramount to understanding their cellular roles. To date, available structural information on TRIM proteins is still largely restricted to subdomains of many TRIMs in isolation. Nevertheless, applying a combination of structural, biophysical and biochemical approaches has recently allowed important progress to be made towards providing a better understanding of the molecular features that underlie the function of TRIM family proteins and has uncovered an unexpected diversity in the link between self-association and catalytic activity.
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Xie S, Chen M, Gao S, Zhong T, Zhou P, Li D, Zhou J, Gao J, Liu M. The B-box module of CYLD is responsible for its intermolecular interaction and cytoplasmic localization. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50889-50895. [PMID: 28881612 PMCID: PMC5584213 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein cylindromatosis (CYLD), as a microtubule-associated deubiquitinase, plays a pivotal role in a wide range of cellular activities, including innate immunity, cell division, and ciliogenesis. Structural characterization reveals a small zinc-binding B-box inserted within the ubiquitin specific protease (USP) domain of CYLD; however, the exact role for this module remains yet to be elucidated. Here we identify a critical role for the B-box in facilitating the intermolecular interaction and subcellular localization of CYLD. By co-immunoprecipitation assays we uncover that CYLD has the ability to form an intermolecular complex. Native gel electrophoresis analysis and pull down assays show that the USP domain of CYLD is essential for its intermolecular interaction. Further investigation reveals that deletion of the B-box from the USP domain disrupts the intermolecular interaction of CYLD. Importantly, although loss of the B-box has no obvious effect on the deubiquitinase activity of CYLD, it abolishes the USP domain-mediated retention of CYLD in the cytoplasm. Collectively, these data demonstrate an important role for the B-box module of CYLD in mediating its assembly and subcellular distribution, which might be related to the functions of CYLD in various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Xie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dengwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jinmin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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TRIM25 Identification in the Chinese Goose: Gene Structure, Tissue Expression Profiles, and Antiviral Immune Responses In Vivo and In Vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1403984. [PMID: 27995135 PMCID: PMC5138445 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1403984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) protein play a critical role in the interferon (IFN) response during RNA virus infection. The tripartite motif containing 25 proteins (TRIM25) was reported to modify caspase activation and RIG-I recruitment domains (CARDs) via ubiquitin. These modifications allow TRIM25 to interact with mitochondrial antiviral signaling molecules (MAVs) and form CARD-CARD tetramers. Goose TRIM25 was cloned from gosling lungs, which possess a 1662 bp open reading flame (ORF). This ORF encodes a predicted 554 amino acid protein consisting of a B-box domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a PRY/SPRY domain. The protein sequence has 89.25% sequence identity with Anas platyrhynchos TRIM25, 78.57% with Gallus gallus TRIM25, and 46.92% with Homo sapiens TRIM25. TRIM25 is expressed in all gosling and adult goose tissues examined. QRT-PCR revealed that goose TRIM25 transcription could be induced by goose IFN-α, goose IFN-γ, and goose IFN-λ, as well as a35 s polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), oligodeoxynucleotides 2006 (ODN 2006), and resiquimod (R848) in vitro; however, it is inhibited in H9N2 infected goslings for unknown reasons. These data suggest that goose TRIM25 might play a positive role in the regulation of the antiviral immune response.
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Koliopoulos MG, Esposito D, Christodoulou E, Taylor IA, Rittinger K. Functional role of TRIM E3 ligase oligomerization and regulation of catalytic activity. EMBO J 2016; 35:1204-18. [PMID: 27154206 PMCID: PMC4864278 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate a wide variety of cellular processes and are particularly important during innate immune signalling events. They are characterized by a conserved tripartite motif in their N-terminal portion which comprises a canonical RING domain, one or two B-box domains and a coiled-coil region that mediates ligase dimerization. Self-association via the coiled-coil has been suggested to be crucial for catalytic activity of TRIMs; however, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this observation remains elusive. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of the TRIM ligases TRIM25 and TRIM32 and show how their oligomeric state is linked to catalytic activity. The crystal structure of a complex between the TRIM25 RING domain and an ubiquitin-loaded E2 identifies the structural and mechanistic features that promote a closed E2~Ub conformation to activate the thioester for ubiquitin transfer allowing us to propose a model for the regulation of activity in the full-length protein. Our data reveal an unexpected diversity in the self-association mechanism of TRIMs that might be crucial for their biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios G Koliopoulos
- Mill Hill LaboratoryMolecular Structure of Cell Signalling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Diego Esposito
- Mill Hill LaboratoryMolecular Structure of Cell Signalling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | | | - Ian A Taylor
- Mill Hill LaboratoryMacromolecular Structure LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Katrin Rittinger
- Mill Hill LaboratoryMolecular Structure of Cell Signalling LaboratoryThe Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
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Massiah MA, Wright KM, Du H. Obtaining Soluble Folded Proteins from Inclusion Bodies Using Sarkosyl, Triton X‐100, and CHAPS: Application to LB and M9 Minimal Media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 84:6.13.1-6.13.24. [DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps0613s84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haijuan Du
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University Washington D.C
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Li S, Wang L, Fu B, Dorf ME. Trim65: a cofactor for regulation of the microRNA pathway. RNA Biol 2015; 11:1113-21. [PMID: 25483047 DOI: 10.4161/rna.36179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) comprise a large family of non-protein coding transcripts which regulate gene expression in diverse biological pathways of both plants and animals. We recently used a systematic proteomic approach to generate a protein interactome map of the human miRNA pathway involved in miRNA biogenesis and processing. The interactome expands the number of candidate proteins in the miRNA pathway and connects the network to other cellular processes. Functional analyses identified TRIM65 and at least 3 other proteins as novel regulators of the miRNA pathway. Biochemical studies established that TRIM65 forms stable complexes with TNRC6 proteins and these molecules co-localize in P-body-like structures. Gain of function and RNAi analyses reveal that TRIM65 negatively regulates miRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. The potential molecular mechanisms which regulate TRIM65 catalytic activity are discussed.
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Key Words
- AGO, Argonaute
- AP-MS, Affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry
- DGCR8, DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8
- HCIP, High confidence interacting protein
- IMP-1, IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 1
- MOV10, Moloney leukemia virus 10
- MiRNA, microRNA
- PDCD4, Programmed cell death 4
- PTEN, Phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- RNA-induced silencing complex
- TARBP2, TAR (HIV-1) RNA binding protein 2
- TNRC6
- TNRC6, Trinucleotide repeat containing 6
- TRIM65, Tripartite Motif-Containing 65
- interactome
- proteomics
- tripartite motif proteins
- ubiquitin E3 ligase
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Li
- a Department of Microbiology & Immunobiology; Harvard Medical School; Boston , MA USA
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TRIM16 inhibits proliferation and migration through regulation of interferon beta 1 in melanoma cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10127-39. [PMID: 25333256 PMCID: PMC4259410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High basal or induced expression of the tripartite motif protein, TRIM16, leads to reduce cell growth and migration of neuroblastoma and skin squamous cell carcinoma cells. However, the role of TRIM16 in melanoma is currently unknown. TRIM16 protein levels were markedly reduced in human melanoma cell lines, compared with normal human epidermal melanocytes due to both DNA methylation and reduced protein stability. TRIM16 knockdown strongly increased cell migration in normal human epidermal melanocytes, while TRIM16 overexpression reduced cell migration and proliferation of melanoma cells in an interferon beta 1 (IFNβ1)-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed TRIM16 directly bound the IFNβ1 gene promoter. Low level TRIM16 expression in 91 melanoma patient samples, strongly correlated with lymph node metastasis, and, predicted poor patient prognosis in a separate cohort of 170 melanoma patients with lymph node metastasis. The BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, increased TRIM16 protein levels in melanoma cells in vitro, and induced growth arrest in BRAF-mutant melanoma cells in a TRIM16-dependent manner. High levels of TRIM16 in melanoma tissues from patients treated with Vemurafenib correlated with clinical response. Our data, for the first time, demonstrates TRIM16 is a marker of cell migration and metastasis, and a novel treatment target in melanoma.
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Kaur G, Subramanian S. The UBR-box and its relationship to binuclear RING-like treble clef zinc fingers. Biol Direct 2015; 10:36. [PMID: 26185100 PMCID: PMC4506424 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-015-0066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The N-end rule pathway is a part of the ubiquitin–dependent proteolytic system wherein N-recognin proteins recognize the amino terminal degradation signals (N-degrons) of the substrate. The type 1 N-degron recognizing UBR-box domain of the eukaryotic Arg/N-end rule pathway is known to possess a novel three-zinc-stabilized heart-shaped fold. Results Using sequence and structure analysis we argue that the UBR-box fold emerged from a binuclear RING-like treble clef zinc finger. The RING-like core is preserved in the UBR-box and the metal-chelating motifs display significant sequence and structural similarity to B-box and ZZ domains. UBR-box domains retrieved in our analysis co-occur with a variety of other protein domains, suggestive of its involvement in diverse biological roles. The UBR-box is a unique family of RING-like treble clefs as it displays a distinct circular permutation at the zinc-knuckle of the first zinc-binding site unlike other documented permutations of the RING-like domains which occur at the second zinc-binding site. The circular permutation of the RING-like treble clef scaffold has possibly aided the gain of a novel and relatively deep cleft suited for binding N-degrons. The N- and C-terminal extensions to the circularly permuted RING-like region bind a third zinc ion, which likely provides additional stability to the domain by keeping the two halves of the permuted zinc-knuckle together. Conclusions Structural modifications and extensions to the RING-like core have resulted in a novel UBR-box fold, which can recognize and target the type 1 N-degron containing proteins for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. The UBR-box appears to have emerged during the expansion of ubiquitin system pathway-related functions in eukaryotes, but is also likely to have other non-N-recognin functions as well. Reviewers This article was reviewed by Eugene Koonin, Balaji Santhanam, Kira S. Makarova. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-015-0066-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Kaur
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
| | - Srikrishna Subramanian
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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Zhao Y, Zeng C, Massiah MA. Molecular dynamics simulation reveals insights into the mechanism of unfolding by the A130T/V mutations within the MID1 zinc-binding Bbox1 domain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124377. [PMID: 25874572 PMCID: PMC4395243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc-binding Bbox1 domain in protein MID1, a member of the TRIM family of proteins, facilitates the ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A and alpha4, a protein regulator of PP2A. The natural mutation of residue A130 to a valine or threonine disrupts substrate recognition and catalysis. While NMR data revealed the A130T mutant Bbox1 domain failed to coordinate both structurally essential zinc ions and resulted in an unfolded structure, the unfolding mechanism is unknown. Principle component analysis revealed that residue A130 served as a hinge point between the structured β-strand-turn-β-strand (β-turn-β) and the lasso-like loop sub-structures that constitute loop1 of the ββα-RING fold that the Bbox1 domain adopts. Backbone RMSD data indicate significant flexibility and departure from the native structure within the first 5 ns of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for the A130V mutant (>6 Å) and after 30 ns for A130T mutant (>6 Å). Overall RMSF values were higher for the mutant structures and showed increased flexibility around residues 125 and 155, regions with zinc-coordinating residues. Simulated pKa values of the sulfhydryl group of C142 located near A130 suggested an increased in value to ~9.0, paralleling the increase in the apparent dielectric constants for the small cavity near residue A130. Protonation of the sulfhydryl group would disrupt zinc-coordination, directly contributing to unfolding of the Bbox1. Together, the increased motion of residues of loop 1, which contains four of the six zinc-binding cysteine residues, and the increased pKa of C142 could destabilize the structure of the zinc-coordinating residues and contribute to the unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Zhao
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Chen Zeng
- Department of Physics, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Michael A. Massiah
- Department of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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Wright KM, Wu K, Babatunde O, Du H, Massiah MA. XLOS-observed mutations of MID1 Bbox1 domain cause domain unfolding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107537. [PMID: 25216264 PMCID: PMC4162623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MID1 catalyzes the ubiquitination of the protein alpha4 and the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A. Mutations within the MID1 Bbox1 domain are associated with X-linked Opitz G syndrome (XLOS). Our functional assays have shown that mutations of Ala130 to Val or Thr, Cys142 to Ser and Cys145 to Thr completely disrupt the polyubiquitination of alpha4. Using NMR spectroscopy, we characterize the effect of these mutations on the tertiary structure of the Bbox1 domain by itself and in tandem with the Bbox2 domain. The mutation of either Cys142 or Cys145, each of which is involved in coordinating one of the two zinc ions, results in the collapse of signal dispersion in the HSQC spectrum of the Bbox1 domain indicating that the mutant protein structure is unfolded. Each mutation caused the coordination of both zinc ions, which are ∼ 13 Å apart, to be lost. Although Ala130 is not involved in the coordination of a zinc ion, the Ala130Thr mutant Bbox1 domain yields a poorly dispersed HSQC spectrum similar to those of the Cys142Ser and Cys145Thr mutants. Interestingly, neither cysteine mutation affects the structure of the adjacent Bbox2 domain when the two Bbox domains are engineered in their native tandem Bbox1-Bbox2 protein construct. Dynamic light scattering measurements suggest that the mutant Bbox1 domain has an increased propensity to form aggregates compared to the wild type Bbox1 domain. These studies provide insight into the mechanism by which mutations observed in XLOS affect the structure and function of the MID1 Bbox1 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine M. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Kuanlin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Omotolani Babatunde
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Haijuan Du
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Michael A. Massiah
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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46
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Du H, Wu K, Didoronkute A, Levy MVA, Todi N, Shchelokova A, Massiah MA. MID1 catalyzes the ubiquitination of protein phosphatase 2A and mutations within its Bbox1 domain disrupt polyubiquitination of alpha4 but not of PP2Ac. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107428. [PMID: 25207814 PMCID: PMC4160256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MID1 is a microtubule-associated protein that belongs to the TRIM family. MID1 functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase, and recently was shown to catalyze the polyubiquitination of, alpha4, a protein regulator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). It has been hypothesized that MID1 regulates PP2A, requiring the intermediary interaction with alpha4. Here we report that MID1 catalyzes the in vitro ubiquitination of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) in the absence of alpha4. In the presence of alpha4, the level of PP2Ac ubiquitination is reduced. Using the MID1 RING-Bbox1-Bbox2 (RB1B2) construct containing the E3 ligase domains, we investigate the functional effects of mutations within the Bbox domains that are identified in patients with X-linked Opitz G syndrome (XLOS). The RB1B2 proteins harboring the C142S, C145T, A130V/T mutations within the Bbox1 domain and C195F mutation within the Bbox2 domain maintain auto-polyubiquitination activity. Qualitatively, the RB1B2 proteins containing these mutations are able to catalyze the ubiquitination of PP2Ac. In contrast, the RB1B2 proteins with mutations within the Bbox1 domain are unable to catalyze the polyubiquitination of alpha4. These results suggest that unregulated alpha4 may be the direct consequence of these natural mutations in the Bbox1 domain of MID1, and hence alpha4 could play a greater role to account for the increased amount of PP2A observed in XLOS-derived fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Du
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Kuanlin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Alma Didoronkute
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Marcus V. A. Levy
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Nimish Todi
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Anna Shchelokova
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Massiah
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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Gangappa SN, Botto JF. The BBX family of plant transcription factors. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 19:460-70. [PMID: 24582145 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The B-box (BBX) proteins are a class of zinc-finger transcription factors containing a B-box domain with one or two B-box motifs, and sometimes also feature a CCT (CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC1) domain. BBX proteins are key factors in regulatory networks controlling growth and developmental processes that include seedling photomorphogenesis, photoperiodic regulation of flowering, shade avoidance, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review we discuss the functions of BBX proteins and the role of B-box motif in mediating transcriptional regulation and protein-protein interaction in plant signaling. In addition, we provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of their action and the evolutionary significance of their functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeramaiah N Gangappa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Javier F Botto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1417, Argentina.
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Guan X, Li J, Lü X, Dong Y, Chen W, Li X. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the C-terminal NHL domain of human TRIM2. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:673-5. [PMID: 24817735 PMCID: PMC4014344 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x14008127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The tripartite motif-containing protein 2 (TRIM2) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Loss of function of TRIM2 has been shown to result in early-onset axonal neuropathy. As a member of the TRIM-NHL family of proteins, TRIM2 has a conserved modular architecture that includes N-terminal RING finger and B-box domains, a middle coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal NHL domain. To characterize the functional role of its NHL domain from the perspective of structural biology, a truncation of human TRIM2 (residues 465-744) was expressed, purified and crystallized. Rod-shaped crystals were obtained that diffracted X-rays to 1.7 Å resolution. The crystals belonged to space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 43.6, b = 76.4, c = 107.4 Å, α = 90.0, β = 94.0, γ = 90.0°. A Matthews coefficient of 1.97 Å(3) Da(-1), corresponding to a solvent content of 37.6%, indicated the presence of three molecules per asymmetric unit, which was further confirmed by the phasing solution from molecular replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Guan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingru Lü
- Department of Biochemistry, Experimental Center, Clinic College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Dong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Rajsbaum R, García-Sastre A, Versteeg GA. TRIMmunity: the roles of the TRIM E3-ubiquitin ligase family in innate antiviral immunity. J Mol Biol 2013; 426:1265-84. [PMID: 24333484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins have been implicated in multiple cellular functions, including antiviral activity. Research efforts so far indicate that the antiviral activity of TRIMs relies, for the most part, on their function as E3-ubiquitin ligases. A substantial number of the TRIM family members have been demonstrated to mediate innate immune cell signal transduction and subsequent cytokine induction. In addition, a subset of TRIMs has been shown to restrict viral replication by directly targeting viral proteins. Although the body of work on the cellular roles of TRIM E3-ubiquitin ligases has rapidly grown over the last years, many aspects of their molecular workings and multi-functionality remain unclear. The antiviral function of many TRIMs seems to be conferred by specific isoforms, by sub-cellular localization and in cell-type-specific contexts. Here we review recent findings on TRIM antiviral functions, current limitations and an outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rajsbaum
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gijs A Versteeg
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Doktor-Bohr-Gasse 9/4, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Komori H, Xiao Q, McCartney BM, Lee CY. Brain tumor specifies intermediate progenitor cell identity by attenuating β-catenin/Armadillo activity. Development 2013; 141:51-62. [PMID: 24257623 DOI: 10.1242/dev.099382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During asymmetric stem cell division, both the daughter stem cell and the presumptive intermediate progenitor cell inherit cytoplasm from their parental stem cell. Thus, proper specification of intermediate progenitor cell identity requires an efficient mechanism to rapidly extinguish the activity of self-renewal factors, but the mechanisms remain unknown in most stem cell lineages. During asymmetric division of a type II neural stem cell (neuroblast) in the Drosophila larval brain, the Brain tumor (Brat) protein segregates unequally into the immature intermediate neural progenitor (INP), where it specifies INP identity by attenuating the function of the self-renewal factor Klumpfuss (Klu), but the mechanisms are not understood. Here, we report that Brat specifies INP identity through its N-terminal B-boxes via a novel mechanism that is independent of asymmetric protein segregation. Brat-mediated specification of INP identity is critically dependent on the function of the Wnt destruction complex, which attenuates the activity of β-catenin/Armadillo (Arm) in immature INPs. Aberrantly increasing Arm activity in immature INPs further exacerbates the defects in the specification of INP identity and enhances the supernumerary neuroblast mutant phenotype in brat mutant brains. By contrast, reducing Arm activity in immature INPs suppresses supernumerary neuroblast formation in brat mutant brains. Finally, reducing Arm activity also strongly suppresses supernumerary neuroblasts induced by overexpression of klu. Thus, the Brat-dependent mechanism extinguishes the function of the self-renewal factor Klu in the presumptive intermediate progenitor cell by attenuating Arm activity, balancing stem cell maintenance and progenitor cell specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Komori
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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