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Weng Y, Chen R, Hui Y, Chen D, Zhao CX. Boosting Enzyme Activity in Enzyme Metal-Organic Framework Composites. CHEM & BIO ENGINEERING 2024; 1:99-112. [PMID: 38566967 PMCID: PMC10983012 DOI: 10.1021/cbe.3c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes, as highly efficient biocatalysts, excel in catalyzing diverse reactions with exceptional activity and selective properties under mild conditions. Nonetheless, their broad applications are hindered by their inherent fragility, including low thermal stability, limited pH tolerance, and sensitivity to organic solvents and denaturants. Encapsulating enzymes within metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can protect them from denaturation in these harsh environments. However, this often leads to a compromised enzyme activity. In recent years, extensive research efforts have been dedicated to enhancing enzymatic activity within MOFs, leading to the development of new enzyme-MOF composites that not only preserve their catalytic potential but also outperform their free counterparts. This Review provides a comprehensive review on recent developments in enzyme-MOF composites with a specific emphasis on their enhanced enzymatic activity compared to free enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Weng
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rui Chen
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yue Hui
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Dong Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Brennan HM, Bunde SG, Kuang Q, Palomino TV, Sacks JS, Berry SM, Butcher RJ, Poutsma JC, Pike RD, Bebout DC. Homo- and Heteronuclear Group 12 Metallothionein Type B Cluster Analogs: Synthesis, Structure, 1H NMR and ESI-MS. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19857-19869. [PMID: 36454194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a ubiquitous class of small cysteine-rich metal-binding proteins involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification with highly versatile metal binding properties. Despite the long-standing association of MT with M3S3 and M4S5 metal clusters, synthetic complexes with these core architectures are exceptionally rare. Here, we demonstrate an approach to synthesizing and characterizing aggregates of group 12 metal ions with monocyclic M3S3 cores in acetonitrile solution without the protection of a protein. Multidentate monothiol ligand N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-2-aminoethanethiol (L1H) provided [Cd3(L1)3](ClO4)3 (1), the first structurally characterized nonproteinaceous aggregate with a metallothionein-like monocyclic Cd3S3 core. In addition, [Zn3(L1)3](ClO4)3·4CH3CN (2·4CH3CN) was characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complex cations of 1 and 2 had comparable structures despite being nonisomorphic. Variable temperature and concentration 1H NMR were used to investigate aggregation equilibria of 1, 2, and a precipitate with composition "Hg(L1)(ClO4)" (3). Cryogenic 1H NMR studies of 3 revealed a J(199Hg1H) coupling constant pattern consistent with an aggregate possessing a cyclic core. ESI-MS was used for gas-phase characterization of 1-3, as well as mixed-metal [M2M'(L1)3(ClO4)2]+ ions prepared in situ by pairwise acetonitrile solution combinations of the group 12 complexes of L1. Access to synthetic variants of metallothionein-like group 12 aggregates provides an additional approach to understanding their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley M Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Sophia G Bunde
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Qiaoyue Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Tana V Palomino
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Joshua S Sacks
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Steven M Berry
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Ray John Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, D.C.20059, United States
| | - John C Poutsma
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Robert D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
| | - Deborah C Bebout
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia23187, United States
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3
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Jan S, Anna C, Antonín K, Jiří Š, Jan B, Tereza L, Pavel K. Intracellular sequestration of cadmium and zinc in ectomycorrhizal fungus Amanita muscaria (Agaricales, Amanitaceae) and characterization of its metallothionein gene. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 162:103717. [PMID: 35764233 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amanita muscaria is an ectomycorrhizal mushroom that commonly grows at metal-polluted sites. Sporocarps from the lead smelter-polluted area near Příbram (Central Bohemia, Czech Republic) showed elevated concentrations of Cd and Zn. Size exclusion chromatography of the cell extracts of the sporocarps from both polluted and unpolluted sites indicated that substantial part of intracellular Cd and Zn was sequestered in 6-kDa complexes, presumably with metallothionein(s) (MT). When the cultured mycelial isolates were compared, those from Příbram were more Cd-tolerant and accumulated slightly less Cd and Zn than those from the unpolluted site. The analysis of the available A.muscaria sequence data returned a 67-amino acid (AA) MT encoded by the AmMT1 gene. Weak Cd and Zn responsiveness of AmMT1 in the mycelia suggested its metal homeostasis function in A.muscaria, rather than a major role in detoxification. The AmMT1 belongs to a ubiquitous peptide group in the Agaricomycetes consisting of 60-70-AA MTs containing seven cysteinyl domains and a conserved histidyl, features observed also in a newly predicted, atypical 45-AA RaMT1 of the Zn-accumulator Russula bresadolae in which the C-terminal cysteinyl domains VI and VII are missing. Heterologous expression in metal-sensitive yeast mutants indicated that AmMT1 and RaMT1 encode functional peptides that can protect cells against Cd, Zn, and Cu toxicity. The metal protection phenotype observed in yeasts with mutant variants of AmMT1 and RaMT1 further indicated that the conserved histidyl seems to play a structural, not metal binding role, and the cysteinyls of the C-terminal domains VI and VII are important for Cu binding. The data provide an important insight into the metal handling of site-associated ectomycorrhizal species disturbed by excess metals and the properties of MTs common in Agaricomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sácký Jan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Chaloupecká Anna
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kaňa Antonín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šantrůček Jiří
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Borovička Jan
- Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Hlavní 130, 25068 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Leonhardt Tereza
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kotrba Pavel
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 3, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Neuhaus D. Zinc finger structure determination by NMR: Why zinc fingers can be a handful. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 130-131:62-105. [PMID: 36113918 PMCID: PMC7614390 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc fingers can be loosely defined as protein domains containing one or more tetrahedrally-co-ordinated zinc ions whose role is to stabilise the structure rather than to be involved in enzymatic chemistry; such zinc ions are often referred to as "structural zincs". Although structural zincs can occur in proteins of any size, they assume particular significance for very small protein domains, where they are often essential for maintaining a folded state. Such small structures, that sometimes have only marginal stability, can present particular difficulties in terms of sample preparation, handling and structure determination, and early on they gained a reputation for being resistant to crystallisation. As a result, NMR has played a more prominent role in structural studies of zinc finger proteins than it has for many other types of proteins. This review will present an overview of the particular issues that arise for structure determination of zinc fingers by NMR, and ways in which these may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neuhaus
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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Metalloprotein-Specific or Critical Amino Acid Residues: Perspectives on Plant-Precise Detoxification and Recognition Mechanisms under Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031734. [PMID: 35163656 PMCID: PMC8836122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in cultivated land is caused by irresistible geological factors and human activities; intense diffusion and migration have seriously affected the safety of food crops. Plants have evolved mechanisms to control excessive influx of Cd in the environment, such as directional transport, chelation and detoxification. This is done by some specific metalloproteins, whose key amino acid motifs have been investigated by scientists one by one. The application of powerful cell biology, crystal structure science, and molecular probe targeted labeling technology has identified a series of protein families involved in the influx, transport and detoxification of the heavy metal Cd. This review summarizes them as influx proteins (NRAMP, ZIP), chelating proteins (MT, PDF), vacuolar proteins (CAX, ABCC, MTP), long-distance transport proteins (OPT, HMA) and efflux proteins (PCR, ABCG). We selected representative proteins from each family, and compared their amino acid sequence, motif structure, subcellular location, tissue specific distribution and other characteristics of differences and common points, so as to summarize the key residues of the Cd binding target. Then, we explain its special mechanism of action from the molecular structure. In conclusion, this review is expected to provide a reference for the exploration of key amino acid targets of Cd, and lay a foundation for the intelligent design and breeding of crops with high/low Cd accumulation.
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Ma X, Chen Z, Han J, Zhou Y, Lin F, Li C, Wang L, Wang Y. Fabrication of immobilized bromelain using cobalt phosphate material prepared in deep eutectic solvent as carrier. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 210:112251. [PMID: 34894600 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to fabricate immobilized bromelain based on the specific interaction between the cobalt ions of carrier and the inherent cysteines contained in bromelain molecules. The cobalt phosphate material was prepared as solid support by using choline chloride (ChCl)/betaine-glycerol deep eutectic solvent (DES) as solvent and template for the first time. The Co-P material with lamellate-based structure obtained in the ChCl-glycerol DES at the Co/P ratio of 3:2 showed the best performance for the immobilization of bromelain. The specific interaction between Co2+ and bromelain promoted the aggregation of lamellar Co-P, forming flower-like Co-P@bromelain particles. Under the optimum immobilization conditions, the specific enzyme activity of the immobilized enzyme reached the maximum of 71244 U/g. Compared with Co3(PO4)2 prepared in water system, the obtained Co-P@bromelain using the Co-P material synthesized in the ChCl-glycerol DES as carrier exhibited excellent structure stability. In addition, the immobilized Co-P@bromelain also showed higher catalytic efficiency than free bromelain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinnan Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Juan Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China.
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7
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Zhang J, Shi Z, Gao Z, Wen Y, Wang W, Liu W, Wang X, Zhu F. Identification of three metallothioneins in the black soldier fly and their functions in Cd accumulation and detoxification. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117146. [PMID: 34438505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens has a strong tolerance to cadmium stress. This helps to use BSF in entomoremediation of heavy metal pollution. Rich metallothionein (MT) proteins were thought to be important for some insects to endure the toxicity of heavy metal. We identified and characterized three MTs genes in BSF (BSFMTs), including BSFMT1, BSFMT2A, and BSFMT2B. Molecular modeling was used to predict metal binding sites. Phylogenetic analysis was used to identify gene families. Overexpression of the recombinant black soldier fly metallothioneins was found to confer Cd tolerance in Escherichia coli. Finally, functions of BSFMTs in BSF were explored through RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi results of BSFMT2B showed that the larval fresh weight decreased significantly, and the larvae mortality increased significantly. This study suggests that BSFMTs have important properties in Cd detoxification and tolerance in BSF. Further characterization analyses of physiological function about metallothioneins are necessary in BSF and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion By Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhihui Shi
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion By Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhenghui Gao
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion By Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yiting Wen
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion By Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wanqiang Wang
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion By Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wen Liu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fen Zhu
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Waste Conversion By Insects, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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9
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Pass HI, Alimi M, Carbone M, Yang H, Goparaju CM. Mesothelioma Biomarkers: Discovery in Search of Validation. Thorac Surg Clin 2020; 30:395-423. [PMID: 33012429 DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related neoplasm that can only be treated successfully when correctly diagnosed and treated early. The asbestos-exposed population is a high-risk group that could benefit from sensitive and specific blood- or tissue-based biomarkers. We review recent work with biomarker development in MPM and literature of the last 20 years on the most promising blood- and tissue-based biomarkers. Proteomic, genomic, and epigenomic platforms are covered. SMRP is the only validated blood-based biomarker with diagnostic, monitoring and prognostic value. To strengthen development and testing of MPM biomarkers, cohorts for validation must be established by enlisting worldwide collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey I Pass
- Research, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, General Thoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Marjan Alimi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michele Carbone
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Room 437, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Haining Yang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Room 437, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Chandra M Goparaju
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Dong S, Shirzadeh M, Fan L, Laganowsky A, Russell DH. Ag + Ion Binding to Human Metallothionein-2A Is Cooperative and Domain Specific. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8923-8932. [PMID: 32515580 PMCID: PMC8114364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a family of cysteine-rich proteins that play key biological roles for a wide range of metal ions, but unlike many other metalloproteins, the structures of apo- and partially metalated MTs are not well understood. Here, we combine nano-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and nano-ESI-ion mobility (IM)-MS with collision-induced unfolding (CIU), chemical labeling using N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and both bottom-up and top-down proteomics in an effort to better understand the metal binding sites of the partially metalated forms of human MT-2A, viz., Ag4-MT. The results for Ag4-MT are then compared to similar results obtained for Cd4-MT. The results show that Ag4-MT is a cooperative product, and data from top-down and bottom-up proteomics mass spectrometry analysis combined with NEM labeling revealed that all four Ag+ ions of Ag4-MT are bound to the β-domain. The binding sites are identified as Cys13, Cys15, Cys19, Cys21, Cys24, and Cys26. While both Ag+ and Cd2+ react with MT to yield cooperative products, i.e., Ag4-MT and Cd4-MT, these products are very different; Ag+ ions of Ag4-MT are located in the β-domain, whereas Cd2+ ions of Cd4-MT are located in the α-domain. Ag6-MT has been reported to be fully metalated in the β-domain, but our data suggest the two additional Ag+ ions are more weakly bound than are the other four. Higher order Agi-MT complexes (i = 7-17) are formed in solutions that contain excess Ag+ ions, and these are assumed to be bound to the α-domain or shared between the two domains. Interestingly, the excess Ag+ ions are displaced upon addition of NEM to this solution to yield predominantly Ag4NEM14-MT. Results from CIU suggest that Agi-MT complexes are structurally more ordered and that the energy required to unfold these complexes increases as the number of coordinated Ag+ increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mehdi Shirzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Liqi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - David H Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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Choi H, Han SJ, Won JI. Thermal characteristics and cadmium binding behavior of EC-ELP fusion polypeptides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 140:109628. [PMID: 32912688 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are stimulus-responsive protein-based biopolymers that exhibit phase transition behavior. By joining them to synthetic phytochelatin (EC), EC-ELP fusion proteins with temperature sensitivity and metal-binding functionality were generated to remove heavy metal ions biologically. Three different EC domains (EC10, EC20, EC30) were incorporated into the ELP, and the EC-ELP fusion proteins were expressed in E. coli. Their thermal properties and metal binding abilities were then investigated according to the EC length. In addition, the feasibility of reusing EC-ELPs and the cadmium ion binding affinity of reused EC-ELPs were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heelak Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-In Won
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, South Korea.
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12
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Mazurek D, Łoźna K, Bronkowska M. The concentration of selected elements in the placenta according to selected sociodemographic factors and their effect on birth mass and birth length of newborns. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 58:126425. [PMID: 31735606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The placenta is a remarkable organ which provides critical transport functions between the maternal and fetal circulations during pregnancy. The demand for mineral components increases during the gestational period, therefore, an appropriate intake of minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese, determines the correct growth and development of a fetus. The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of selected elements in the placenta, and to assess the impact of their concentrations on the birth weight and birth length of newborns. The second aim of the study was to assess the influence of selected sociodemographic factors on the concentration of elements in the placenta. RESULTS The study demonstrated that the age of mothers affected the concentration of Ca and Mn in the placenta, and their habit of tobacco smoking during the gestational period was associated with higher concentrations of Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Cd in the placental tissue. The results also showed that concentrations of K, Fe, Zn, and Mn in the placental tissue affected birth length. Furthermore, the association was demonstrated between a higher Cd concentration in the placenta (≥ 0.0503 μg/g) and the birth anthropometric parameters of neonates. CONCLUSIONS Smoking during pregnancy and environment pollution are the factors that affects the concentration of elements in the placenta and contributes to their high accumulation in the placenta. Smoking during pregnancy causes an increased concentration of cadmium in the placenta which has negative health effects for the newborn. Women living in a big city or village had a higher concentration of cadmium in their placentas compared to women living in smaller cities. The significant influence of some elements (K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Cd) on the newborn's birth parameters was also demonstrated. The results of our research indicate the importance of the mother's lifestyle in providing the placenta with elements, which affects the growth of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Mazurek
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Karolina Łoźna
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
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Smartphone-assisted robust enzymes@MOFs-based paper biosensor for point-of-care detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 156:112095. [PMID: 32174563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Portable devices featured with fast analysis and affordable methodologies for clinical diagnostics have stimulated the rapid development of point-of-care (POC) technologies, potentially lowering the mortality rate. Herein, we demonstrated a portable, robust, and user-friendly intelligent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) paper device, called smartphone-assisted biomimetic MOFs nanoreactor colorimetric paper (SBMCP), for on-demand POC detection of endogenous biomolecules. The concept of this paper platform was analogous to the intracellular cascades signal transduction, wherein the single/multiple enzymes components trapped within a ZIF-8 exoskeleton allowed the sensitive and selective recognition of target analyte via the accessible micropores network of ZIF-8, and then transferred the recognition event to a visual color signal based on the cascade reaction. Meanwhile, the ZIF-8 exoskeleton also endowed the enzymes with significantly elevated stability. As a result, this robust and portable SBMCP sensor enabled the on-site analysis of different important disease-related biomolecules through modulating the enzyme cascades, combining with a custom-designed smartphone application for signal readout. In the SBMCP assay, no sophisticated instruments or professional skill of the user was required, only 5 μL sample volume was needed, and the whole analysis process could be achieved within a portable MOFs paper and pervasive smartphone, endowing this new assay with the merits of low-cost, time-saving and easy-to-use. We demonstrated this SBMCP sensor was capable of real-time colorimetric detection of glucose and uric acid in diabetes and gout events. It is believed that this portable biosensor platform proposed herein potentially represents promising alternatives for POC diagnosis, especially applicable in developing world and resource-limited settings.
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Chen G, Huang S, Kou X, Wei S, Huang S, Jiang S, Shen J, Zhu F, Ouyang G. A Convenient and Versatile Amino‐Acid‐Boosted Biomimetic Strategy for the Nondestructive Encapsulation of Biomacromolecules within Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:1463-1467. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Siming Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoxue Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Songbo Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shuyao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510120 Guangdong China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic ChemistrySchool of ChemistrySun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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15
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Manceau A, Bustamante P, Haouz A, Bourdineaud JP, Gonzalez‐Rey M, Lemouchi C, Gautier‐Luneau I, Geertsen V, Barruet E, Rovezzi M, Glatzel P, Pin S. Mercury(II) Binding to Metallothionein in Mytilus edulis revealed by High Energy-Resolution XANES Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:997-1009. [PMID: 30426580 PMCID: PMC6582439 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Of all divalent metals, mercury (HgII ) has the highest affinity for metallothioneins. HgII is considered to be enclosed in the α and β domains as tetrahedral α-type Hg4 Cys11-12 and β-type Hg3 Cys9 clusters similar to CdII and ZnII . However, neither the four-fold coordination of Hg nor the existence of Hg-Hg atomic pairs have ever been demonstrated, and the HgII partitioning among the two protein domains is unknown. Using high energy-resolution XANES spectroscopy, MP2 geometry optimization, and biochemical analysis, evidence for the coexistence of two-coordinate Hg-thiolate complex and four-coordinate Hg-thiolate cluster with a metacinnabar-type (β-HgS) structure in the α domain of separate metallothionein molecules from blue mussel under in vivo exposure is provided. The findings suggest that the CXXC claw setting of thiolate donors, which only exists in the α domain, acts as a nucleation center for the polynuclear complex and that the five CXC motifs from this domain serve as the cluster-forming motifs. Oligomerization is driven by metallophilic Hg⋅⋅⋅Hg interactions. Our results provide clues as to why Hg has higher affinity for the α than the β domain. More generally, this work provides a foundation for understanding how metallothioneins mediate mercury detoxification in the cell under in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Manceau
- ISTerreUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, LIENSs, Univ. La RochelleCNRS17000La RochelleFrance
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme de CristallographieCNRS,375724ParisFrance
| | | | | | | | | | - Valérie Geertsen
- NIMBE, Univ. Paris-SaclayCNRS, CEA Saclay91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - Elodie Barruet
- NIMBE, Univ. Paris-SaclayCNRS, CEA Saclay91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
| | - Mauro Rovezzi
- European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityESRF38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Pieter Glatzel
- European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityESRF38000GrenobleFrance
| | - Serge Pin
- NIMBE, Univ. Paris-SaclayCNRS, CEA Saclay91191Gif-sur-YvetteFrance
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16
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Hertika AMS, Kusriani K, Indrayani E, Yona D, Putra RBDS. Metallothionein expression on oysters ( Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata) from the southern coastal region of East Java. F1000Res 2019; 8:56. [PMID: 32477493 PMCID: PMC7217233 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17381.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyse levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the aquatic body, gills and stomach of the oysters Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata, the metallothionein (MT) level in the gills and stomach of both oysters, and relationships between heavy metals level (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the gills and stomach to MT level in both species of oysters. Methods: The research method utilized was a descriptive method. The oyster samples were taken from three stations: Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi beaches. MT values were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The heavy metal levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Results: Both oyster heavy metal content obtained in the southern coastal waters exceeded the safe limit set by the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. In general, the expression of MT was found to be higher in stomach tissue compared to gill tissue. Conclusions: The levels of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, and has a strong relationship with MT levels in the gills and stomach in both types of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kusriani Kusriani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65165, Indonesia
| | - Erlinda Indrayani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65165, Indonesia
| | - Defri Yona
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65165, Indonesia
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17
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Hertika AMS, Kusriani K, Indrayani E, Yona D, Putra RBDS. Metallothionein expression on oysters ( Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata) from the southern coastal region of East Java. F1000Res 2019; 8:56. [PMID: 32477493 PMCID: PMC7217233 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17381.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 03/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyse levels of heavy metals (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the aquatic body, gills and stomach of the oysters Crassostrea cuculata and Crassostrea glomerata, the metallothionein (MT) level in the gills and stomach of both oysters, and relationships between heavy metals level (Pb, Hg and Cd) in the gills and stomach to MT level in both types of oysters. Methods: The research method utilized was a descriptive method. The oyster samples were taken from three stations: Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi beaches. MT values were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The heavy metal levels were assessed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Results: Both oyster heavy metal content obtained in the southern coastal waters exceeded the safe limit set by the State Minister of Environment No. 51 of 2004. In general, the expression of MT was found to be higher in gastric tissue compared to gill tissue. Conclusions: The relationship between levels of the heavy metals Pb, Hg, and Cd in oyster gills and stomach has a strong relationship with MT levels in the gills and stomach in both types of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kusriani Kusriani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65165, Indonesia
| | - Erlinda Indrayani
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65165, Indonesia
| | - Defri Yona
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, 65165, Indonesia
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18
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Huang YY, Gong FY, Shen C, He CT, Fu HL, Wang XS, Tan X, Xu PL, Yang ZY. Cloning, characterization and expression analysis of metallothioneins from Ipomoea aquatica and their cultivar-dependent roles in Cd accumulation and detoxification. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:450-458. [PMID: 30218968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore the possible roles of metallothioneins (MTs) played in cadmium (Cd) accumulation of water spinach, three IaMT genes, IaMT1, IaMT2 and IaMT3 in a high-shoot-Cd (T308) and a low-shoot-Cd accumulation cultivar (QLQ) were cloned, characterized, and quantitated. Gene expression analysis suggested that the expression of the IaMTs was differentially regulated by Cd stress in different cultivars, and T308 showed higher MTs expression overall. Furthermore, only shoot IaMT3 expression was cultivar dependent among the three IaMTs. Antioxidant analysis showed that the high production of IaMTs in T308 should be associated with its high oxidation resistance. The role of IaMTs in protecting against Cd toxicity was demonstrated in vitro via recombinant E. coli strains. The results showed that IaMT1 correlated with neither Cd tolerance nor Cd accumulation of E. coli, while IaMT2 conferred Cd tolerance in E. coli, IaMT2 and IaMT3 increased Cd accumulation in E. coli. These findings help to clarify the roles of IaMTs in Cd accumulation, and increase our understanding of the cultivar-dependent Cd accumulation in water spinach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fei-Yue Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuang Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chun-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hui-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xue-Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Pei-Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Biotechnology Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhong-Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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19
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Scheller JS, Irvine GW, Stillman MJ. Unravelling the mechanistic details of metal binding to mammalian metallothioneins from stoichiometric, kinetic, and binding affinity data. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:3613-3637. [PMID: 29431781 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03319b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, cysteine-rich proteins, found throughout Nature. Their ability to bind a number of different metals with a range of stoichiometric ratios means that this protein family is critically important for essential metal (Zn2+ and Cu+) homeostasis, metal storage, metal donation to nascent metalloenzymes as well as heavy metal detoxification. With its 20 cysteines, metallothionein is also considered to protect cells against oxidative stress. MT has been studied by a large number of researchers over the last 6 decades using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. The lack of distinguishing chromophores for the multitude of binding sites has made the evaluation of stoichiometric properties for different metals challenging. Initially, only 113Cd-NMR spectroscopy could provide strong evidence for the proposed cluster formation of Cd-MT. The extraordinary development of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), where all coexisting species in solution are observed, revolutionized MT research. Prior to the use of ESI-MS data, a range of "magic numbers" representing metal-to-MT molar ratios were reported from optical spectroscopic studies. The availability of ESI mass spectral data led to (i) the confirmation of cluster formation, (ii) a conceptual understanding of the cooperativity involved in multiple metal binding events, (iii) the presence of domain specificity between regions of the protein and (iv) mechanistic details involving both binding affinities and rate constants. The kinetic experiments identified the presence of multiple individual binding sites, each with a unique rate constant and an analogous binding affinity. The almost linear trend in rate constants as a function of bound As3+ provided a unique insight that became a critical step in the complete understanding of the mechanistic details of the metalation of MT. To fully define the biological function of this sulfur-rich protein it is necessary to determine kinetic rate constants and binding affinities for the essential metals. Recently, Zn2+ competition experiments between both of the isolated fragments (α and β) and the full-length protein (βα-MT 1a) as well as Zn2+ competition between βα-MT 1a and carbonic anhydrase were reported. From these data, the trend in binding affinities and the values of the Kf of the 7 bimolecular reactions involved in metalation were determined. From the analysis of ESI-MS data for Cu+ binding to βα-MT 1a at different pH-values, a trend in the 20 binding affinities for the complete metalation mechanism was reported. This review details a personal view of the historical development of the determination of stoichiometry for metal binding, the structure of the binding sites, the rates of the metalation reactions and the underlying binding affinities for each metalation step. We have attempted to summarize the experimental developments that led to the publication in May 2017 of the experimental determination of the 20 binding constants for the 20 sequential bimolecular reactions for Cu+ binding to the 20 Cys of apoMT as a function of pH that show the appearance and disappearance of clusters. We report both published data and in a series of tables an assembly of stoichiometries, and equilibrium constants for Zn2+ and Cu+ for many different metallothioneins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Scheller
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
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20
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Imam HT, Blindauer CA. Differential reactivity of closely related zinc(II)-binding metallothioneins from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:137-154. [PMID: 29218630 PMCID: PMC5756572 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1516-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of metal binding to and transfer from metalloproteins involved in metal homeostasis are important for understanding cellular distribution of metal ions. The dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana has two type 4 seed-specific metallothionein homologues, MT4a and MT4b, with likely roles in zinc(II) homeostasis. These two metallothioneins are 84% identical, with full conservation of all metal-binding cysteine and histidine residues. Yet, differences in their spatial and temporal expression patterns suggested divergence in their biological roles. To investigate whether biological functions are reflected in molecular properties, we compare aspects of zinc(II)-binding dynamics of full-length MT4a and MT4b, namely the pH dependence of zinc(II) binding and protein folding, and zinc(II) transfer to the chelator EDTA. UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies as well as native electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry consistently showed that transfer from Zn6MT4a is considerably faster than from Zn6MT4b, with pseudo-first-order rate constants for the fastest observed step of k obs = 2.8 × 10-4 s-1 (MT4b) and k obs = 7.5 × 10-4 s-1 (MT4a) (5 µM protein, 500 µM EDTA, 25 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.33, 298 K). 2D heteronuclear NMR experiments allowed locating the most labile zinc(II) ions in domain II for both proteins. 3D homology models suggest that reactivity of this domain is governed by the local environment around the mononuclear Cys2His2 site that is unique to type 4 MTs. Non-conservative amino acid substitutions in this region affect local electrostatics as well as whole-domain dynamics, with both effects rendering zinc(II) ions bound to MT4a more reactive in metal transfer reactions. Therefore, domain II of MT4a is well suited to rapidly release its bound zinc(II) ions, in broad agreement with a previously suggested role of MT4a in zinc(II) transport and delivery to other proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan T Imam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9ST, UK
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21
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Cabral ACS, Jakovleska J, Deb A, Penner-Hahn JE, Pecoraro VL, Freisinger E. Further insights into the metal ion binding abilities and the metalation pathway of a plant metallothionein from Musa acuminata. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:91-107. [PMID: 29218632 PMCID: PMC5756683 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The superfamily of metallothioneins (MTs) combines a diverse group of metalloproteins, sharing the characteristics of rather low molecular weight and high cysteine content. The latter provides MTs with the capability to coordinate thiophilic metal ions, in particular those with a d 10 electron configuration. The sub-family of plant MT3 proteins is only poorly characterized and there is a complete lack of three-dimensional structure information. Building upon our previous results on the Musa acuminata MT3 (musMT3) protein, the focus of the present work is to understand the metal cluster formation process, the role of the single histidine residue present in musMT3, and the metal ion binding affinity. We concentrate our efforts on the coordination of ZnII and CdII ions, using CoII as a spectroscopic probe for ZnII binding. The overall protein-fold is analysed with a combination of limited proteolytic digestion, mass spectrometry, and dynamic light scattering. Histidine coordination of metal ions is probed with extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and CoII titration experiments. Initial experiments with isothermal titration calorimetry provide insights into the thermodynamics of metal ion binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto C S Cabral
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jovana Jakovleska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aniruddha Deb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James E Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Vincent L Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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22
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Mierek-Adamska A, Dąbrowska GB, Blindauer CA. The type 4 metallothionein from Brassica napus seeds folds in a metal-dependent fashion and favours zinc over other metals. Metallomics 2018; 10:1430-1443. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00161h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rapeseed MT4 only folds properly in the presence of Zn2+ and thus may serve as a selectivity filter for metal accumulation in plant embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
- 87-100 Toruń
- Poland
| | - Grażyna B. Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- Nicolaus Copernicus University
- 87-100 Toruń
- Poland
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23
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Habjanič J, Zerbe O, Freisinger E. A histidine-rich Pseudomonas metallothionein with a disordered tail displays higher binding capacity for cadmium than zinc. Metallomics 2018; 10:1415-1429. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The NMR solution structure of a Pseudomonas metallothionein reveals a different binding capacity for ZnII and CdII ions that results in two novel metal-cluster topologies. Replacement of a non-coordinating residue by histidine decreases the kinetic lability of the cluster. All three structures reported show an identical protein fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Habjanič
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Zurich
- Zurich
- Switzerland
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24
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Baumann C, Beil A, Jurt S, Niederwanger M, Palacios O, Capdevila M, Atrian S, Dallinger R, Zerbe O. Strukturanpassung eines Proteins an Metallbelastung: NMR-Struktur eines marinen Schnecken-Metallothioneins mit einer zusätzlichen Domäne. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baumann
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Andrea Beil
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Simon Jurt
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Michael Niederwanger
- Institut für Zoologie und Forschungsschwerpunkt für Molekulare Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Oscar Palacios
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Spanien
| | - Mercè Capdevila
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Spanien
| | - Sílvia Atrian
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Spanien
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institut für Zoologie und Forschungsschwerpunkt für Molekulare Biowissenschaften; Universität Innsbruck; Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
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25
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Baumann C, Beil A, Jurt S, Niederwanger M, Palacios O, Capdevila M, Atrian S, Dallinger R, Zerbe O. Structural Adaptation of a Protein to Increased Metal Stress: NMR Structure of a Marine Snail Metallothionein with an Additional Domain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4617-4622. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Baumann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andrea Beil
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Simon Jurt
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Niederwanger
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Oscar Palacios
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Mercè Capdevila
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona Spain
| | - Sílvia Atrian
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Av. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences; University of Innsbruck; Technikerstrasse 25 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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26
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Calvo J, Jung H, Meloni G. Copper metallothioneins. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:236-245. [PMID: 28296007 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a class of low molecular weight and cysteine-rich metal binding proteins present in all the branches of the tree of life. MTs efficiently bind with high affinity several essential and toxic divalent and monovalent transition metals by forming characteristic polynuclear metal-thiolate clusters within their structure. MTs fulfil multiple biological functions related to their metal binding properties, with essential roles in both Zn(II) and Cu(I) homeostasis as well as metal detoxification. Depending on the organism considered, the primary sequence, and the specific physiological and metabolic status, Cu(I)-bound MT isoforms have been isolated, and their chemistry and biology characterized. Besides the recognized role in the biochemistry of divalent metals, it is becoming evident that unique biological functions in selectively controlling copper levels, its reactivity as well as copper-mediated biochemical processes have evolved in some members of the MT superfamily. Selected examples are reviewed to highlight the peculiar chemical properties and biological functions of copper MTs. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):236-245, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Hunmin Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Gabriele Meloni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
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27
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de Francisco P, Melgar LM, Díaz S, Martín-González A, Gutiérrez JC. The Tetrahymena metallothionein gene family: twenty-one new cDNAs, molecular characterization, phylogenetic study and comparative analysis of the gene expression under different abiotic stressors. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:346. [PMID: 27165301 PMCID: PMC4862169 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ciliate metallothioneins (MTs) are included in family 7 of the MT superfamily. This family has been divided into two main subfamilies: 7a or CdMTs and 7b or CuMTs. All ciliate MTs reported have been isolated from different Tetrahymena species and present unique features with regard to standard MTs. Likewise, an expression analysis has been carried out on some of MT genes under metal stress, corroborating their classification into two subfamilies. Results We isolated 21 new cDNAs from different Tetrahymena species to obtain a wider view of the biodiversity of these conserved genes. Structural analysis (cysteine patterns) and an updated phylogenetic study both corroborated the previous classification into two subfamilies. A new CuMT from a Tetrahymena-related species Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was also included in this general analysis. We detected a certain tendency towards the presentation of a CdMT tri-modular structure in Borealis group species with respect to Australis group. We report for the first time a semi-complete paralog duplication of a CdMT gene originating a new CdMT gene isoform in T. malaccensis. An asymmetry of the codon usage for glutamine residues was detected between Cd- and CuMTs, and the phylogenetic implications are discussed. A comparative gene expression analysis of several MT genes by qRT-PCR revealed differential behavior among them under different abiotic stressors in the same Tetrahymena species. Conclusions The Tetrahymena metallothionein family represents a quite conserved protein structure group with unique features with respect to standard MTs. Both Cd- and CuMT subfamilies present very defined and differentiated characteristics at several levels: cysteine patterns, modular structure, glutamine codon usage and gene expression under metal stress, among others. Gene duplication through evolution seems to be the major genetic mechanism for creating new MT gene isoforms and increasing their functional diversity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2658-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de Francisco
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura María Melgar
- Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Tecnológico de la fábrica de armas, Edificio Sabatini. Av. Carlos III, s/n. 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martín-González
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Gutiérrez
- Departamento Microbiología-III, Facultad de Biología. C/José Antonio Novais, 12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Tarasava K, Chesnov S, Freisinger E. Oxidation of the N-terminal domain of the wheat metallothionein Ec -1 leads to the formation of three distinct disulfide bridges. Biopolymers 2016; 106:295-308. [PMID: 27061576 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are low molecular weight proteins, characterized by a high cysteine content and the ability to coordinate large amounts of d(10) metal ions, for example, Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(I), in form of metal-thiolate clusters. Depending on intracellular conditions such as redox potential or metal ion concentrations, MTs can occur in various states ranging from the fully metal-loaded holo- to the metal-free apo-form. The Cys thiolate groups in the apo-form can be either reduced or be involved in disulfide bridges. Although oxidation-mediated Zn(II) release might be a possible mechanism for the regulation of Zn(II) availability by MTs, no concise information regarding the associated pathways and the structure of oxidized apo-MT forms is available. Using the well-studied Zn2 γ-Ec -1 domain of the wheat Zn6 Ec -1 MT we attempt here to answer several question regarding the structure and biophysical properties of oxidized MT forms, such as: (1) does disulfide bond formation increase the stability against proteolysis, (2) is the overall peptide backbone fold similar for the holo- and the oxidized apo-MT form, and (3) are disulfide bridges specifically or randomly formed? Our investigations show that oxidation leads to three distinct disulfide bridges independently of the applied oxidation conditions and of the initial species used for oxidation, that is, the apo- or the holo-form. In addition, the oxidized apo-form is as stable against proteolysis as Zn2 γ-Ec -1, rendering the currently assumed degradation of oxidized MTs unlikely and suggesting a role of the oxidation process for the extension of protein lifetime in absence of sufficient amounts of metal ions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 295-308, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Tarasava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Serge Chesnov
- University of Zurich/ETH Zurich, Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
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Tarasava K, Loebus J, Freisinger E. Localization and Spectroscopic Analysis of the Cu(I) Binding Site in Wheat Metallothionein Ec-1. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:371. [PMID: 26978358 PMCID: PMC4813231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The early cysteine-labeled metallothionein (MT) from Triticum aestivum (common wheat), denoted Ec-1, features two structurally well-defined domains, γ and βE, coordinating two and four Zn(II) ions, respectively. While the protein is currently assumed to function mainly in zinc homeostasis, a low amount of copper ions was also recently detected in a native Ec-1 sample. To evaluate the observed copper binding in more detail, the recombinant Zn₆Ec-1 form was exposed to different amounts of Cu(I) ions and the resulting species characterized with spectroscopic methods. Data reveal that the first Cu(I) equivalent coordinates exclusively to the N-terminal γ-domain of the protein and replaces one Zn(II) ion. To analyze the ability of the γ-domain for coordination of monovalent metal ions in more detail, the γ-Ec-1 peptide fragment was incubated with increasing amounts of Cu(I) and the process monitored with UV-VIS, circular dichroism, and luminescence spectroscopy. Closely similar spectra are observed regardless if the apo- or the metal ion-loaded and, hence, pre-folded forms, were used for the titration experiments with Cu(I). The results indicate that low amounts of Cu(I) ions displace the two metal ions subsequently and stoichiometrically, despite the different coordination geometry requirements of Cu(I) and Zn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Loebus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Tomas M, Tinti A, Bofill R, Capdevila M, Atrian S, Torreggiani A. Comparative Raman study of four plant metallothionein isoforms: Insights into their Zn(II) clusters and protein conformations. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 156:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Earthworm Lumbricus rubellus MT-2: Metal Binding and Protein Folding of a True Cadmium-MT. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010065. [PMID: 26742040 PMCID: PMC4730310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Earthworms express, as most animals, metallothioneins (MTs)—small, cysteine-rich proteins that bind d10 metal ions (Zn(II), Cd(II), or Cu(I)) in clusters. Three MT homologues are known for Lumbricus rubellus, the common red earthworm, one of which, wMT-2, is strongly induced by exposure of worms to cadmium. This study concerns composition, metal binding affinity and metal-dependent protein folding of wMT-2 expressed recombinantly and purified in the presence of Cd(II) and Zn(II). Crucially, whilst a single Cd7wMT-2 species was isolated from wMT-2-expressing E. coli cultures supplemented with Cd(II), expressions in the presence of Zn(II) yielded mixtures. The average affinities of wMT-2 determined for either Cd(II) or Zn(II) are both within normal ranges for MTs; hence, differential behaviour cannot be explained on the basis of overall affinity. Therefore, the protein folding properties of Cd- and Zn-wMT-2 were compared by 1H NMR spectroscopy. This comparison revealed that the protein fold is better defined in the presence of cadmium than in the presence of zinc. These differences in folding and dynamics may be at the root of the differential behaviour of the cadmium- and zinc-bound protein in vitro, and may ultimately also help in distinguishing zinc and cadmium in the earthworm in vivo.
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Gil-Moreno S, Jiménez-Martí E, Palacios Ò, Zerbe O, Dallinger R, Capdevila M, Atrian S. Does Variation of the Inter-Domain Linker Sequence Modulate the Metal Binding Behaviour of Helix pomatia Cd-Metallothionein? Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:E6. [PMID: 26703589 PMCID: PMC4730253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snail metallothioneins (MTs) constitute an ideal model to study structure/function relationships in these metal-binding polypeptides. Helix pomatia harbours three MT isoforms: the highly specific CdMT and CuMT, and an unspecific Cd/CuMT, which represent paralogous proteins with extremely different metal binding preferences while sharing high sequence similarity. Preceding work allowed assessing that, although, the Cys residues are responsible for metal ion coordination, metal specificity or preference is achieved by diversification of the amino acids interspersed between them. The metal-specific MT polypeptides fold into unique, energetically-optimized complexes of defined metal content, when binding their cognate metal ions, while they produce a mixture of complexes, none of them representing a clear energy minimum, with non-cognate metal ions. Another critical, and so far mostly unexplored, region is the stretch linking the individual MT domains, each of which represents an independent metal cluster. In this work, we have designed and analyzed two HpCdMT constructs with substituted linker segments, and determined their coordination behavior when exposed to both cognate and non-cognate metal ions. Results unequivocally show that neither length nor composition of the inter-domain linker alter the features of the Zn(II)- and Cd(II)-complexes, but surprisingly that they influence their ability to bind Cu(I), the non-cognate metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Gil-Moreno
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Elena Jiménez-Martí
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Òscar Palacios
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Oliver Zerbe
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institute of Zoology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Mercè Capdevila
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Sílvia Atrian
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Tarasava K, Freisinger E. Investigating the influence of histidine residues on the metal ion binding ability of the wheat metallothionein γ-Ec-1 domain. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sunflower metallothionein family characterisation. Study of the Zn(II)- and Cd(II)-binding abilities of the HaMT1 and HaMT2 isoforms. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 148:35-48. [PMID: 25770010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Plant metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a family of small Cys-rich proteins capable of coordinating metal ions, significantly differing from microbial and animal MTs. They are divided into four subfamilies depending on the Cys pattern in their sequence. In this work, the MT system of the sunflower plant (Helianthus annuus) has been defined, with ten genes coding for MTs (HaMT) belonging to the four plant MT subfamilies; three HaMT1, four HaMT2, one HaMT3 and two HaMT4 isoforms. The gene expression pattern and capacity to confer metal resistance to yeast cells have been analysed for at least one member of each subfamily. The divalent metal ion-binding abilities of HaMT1-2 and HaMT2-1 (the isoforms encoded by the most abundantly expressed HaMT1 and HaMT2 isogenes) have been characterised, as HaMT3 and HaMT4 were previously studied. Those isoforms constitute an optimum material to study the effect of Cys number variability on their coordination abilities, as they exhibit additional Cys residues regarding the canonical Cys pattern of each subfamily. Our results show that the variation in the number of Cys does not drastically modify their M(II)-binding abilities, but instead modulates the degree of heterogeneity of the corresponding recombinant syntheses. Significantly, the Zn(II)-HaMT1 complexes were highly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage. The recombinant Cd-MT preparations of both isoforms exhibit significant acid-labile sulphide content-Cd6S8 or Cd7S7 species. Overall results suggest that HaMT2-1 is probably associated with Cd(II) detoxification, in contrast to HaMT1-2, which may be more related to physiological functions, such as metal ion transport and delivery.
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35
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Blindauer CA. Advances in the molecular understanding of biological zinc transport. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4544-63. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of the importance of zinc homeostasis for health has driven a surge in structural data on major zinc-transporting proteins.
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36
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Tarasava K, Freisinger E. An optimized intein-mediated protein ligation approach for the efficient cyclization of cysteine-rich proteins. Protein Eng Des Sel 2014; 27:481-8. [PMID: 25335928 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzu048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Head-to-tail backbone cyclization of proteins is a widely used approach for the improvement of protein stability. One way to obtain cyclic proteins via recombinant expression makes use of engineered Intein tags, which are self-cleaving protein domains. In this approach, pH-induced self-cleavage of the N-terminal Intein tag generates an N-terminal cysteine residue at the target protein, which then attacks in an intramolecular reaction the C-terminal thioester formed by the second C-terminal Intein tag resulting in the release of the cyclic target protein. In the current work we aimed to produce a cyclic analog of the small γ-Ec-1 domain of the wheat metallothionein, which contains six cysteine residues. During the purification process we faced several challenges, among them premature cleavage of one or the other Intein tag resulting in decreasing yields and contamination with linear species. To improve efficiency of the system we applied a number of optimizations such as the introduction of a Tobacco etch virus cleavage site and an additional poly-histidine tag. Our efforts resulted in the production of a cyclic protein in moderate yields without any contamination with linear protein species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna Tarasava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Tomas M, Pagani MA, Andreo CS, Capdevila M, Bofill R, Atrian S. His-containing plant metallothioneins: comparative study of divalent metal-ion binding by plant MT3 and MT4 isoforms. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1149-64. [PMID: 24951240 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a superfamily of Cys-rich, low-molecular weight metalloproteins that bind heavy metal ions. These cytosolic metallopeptides, which exist in most living organisms, are thought to be involved in metal homeostasis, metal detoxification, and oxidative stress protection. In this work, we characterise the Zn(II)- and Cd(II)-binding abilities of plant type 3 and type 4 MTs identified in soybean and sunflower, both of them being His-containing peptides. The recombinant metal-MT complexes synthesised in Zn(II) or Cd(II)-enriched Escherichia coli cultures have been analysed by ESI-MS, and CD, ICP-AES, and UV spectroscopies. His-to-Ala type 3 MT mutants have also been constructed and synthesised for the study of the role of His in divalent metal ion coordination. The results show comparable divalent metal-binding capacities for the MTs of type 3, and suggest, for the first time, the participation of their conserved C-term His residues in metal binding. Interesting features for the Zn(II)-binding abilities of type 4 MTs are also reported, as their variable His content may be considered crucial for their biological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Tomas
- Departament de Química, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08093, Barcelona, Spain
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Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of methanolic extract from a neglected agricultural product: corn cobs. Molecules 2014; 19:5360-78. [PMID: 24879583 PMCID: PMC6271839 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19045360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected agricultural products (NAPs) are defined as discarded material in agricultural production. Corn cobs are a major waste of agriculture maize. Here, a methanolic extract from corn cobs (MEC) was obtained. MEC contains phenolic compounds, protein, carbohydrates (1.4:0.001:0.001). We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of MEC. Furthermore, its antiproliferative property against tumor cells was assessed through MTT assays and proteins related to apoptosis in tumor cells were examined by western blot. MEC showed no hydroxyl radical scavenger capacity, but it showed antioxidant activity in Total Antioxidant Capacity and DPPH scavenger ability assays. MEC showed higher Reducing Power than ascorbic acid and exhibited high Superoxide Scavenging activity. In tumor cell culture, MEC increased catalase, metallothionein and superoxide dismutase expression in accordance with the antioxidant tests. In vivo antioxidant test, MEC restored SOD and CAT, decreased malondialdehyde activities and showed high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity in animals treated with CCl4. Furthermore, MEC decreased HeLa cells viability by apoptosis due an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3 active. Protein kinase C expression increased was also detected in treated tumor cells. Thus, our findings pointed out the biotechnological potential of corn cobs as a source of molecules with pharmacological activity.
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Nezhad RM, Shahpiri A, Mirlohi A. Discrimination between two rice metallothionein isoforms belonging to type 1 and type 4 in metal-binding ability. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 60:275-82. [PMID: 23782215 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are a superfamily of low-molecular-weight, cysteine (Cys)-rich proteins that are believed to play important roles in protection against metal toxicity and oxidative stress. Plants have several MT isoforms, which are classified into four types based on the arrangement of Cys residues. In this study, two rice (Oryza sativa) MT isoforms, OsMTI-1b and OsMTII-1a from type 1 and type 4, respectively, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as carboxy-terminal extensions of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Transformed cells expressing GST-OsMTI-1b showed increased tolerance to Ni(2+) , Cd(2+) , and Zn(2+) and accumulated more metal ions compared with cells expressing GST alone. However, heterologous expression of GST-OsMTII-1a had no significant effects on metal tolerance or ion accumulation. The UV absorption spectra and competitive reactions of in vitro Cd-incubated proteins with 5-5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic) acid revealed that GST-OsMTI-1b, but not GST-OsMTII-1a, is able to form Cd-thiolate clusters. Furthermore, heterologous expression of both GST-OsMTI-1b and GST-OsMTII-1a conferred H2 O2 tolerance to E. coli cells. Taken together, the results presented here show that two different rice MT isoforms belonging to type 1 and type 4 differ in Ni(2+) , Cd(2+) , and Zn(2+) binding abilities, but they may have overlapping function in protection of cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Mohammadi Nezhad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Solution structure of the circular γ-domain analog from the wheat metallothionein E(c)-1. Molecules 2013; 18:14414-29. [PMID: 24284492 PMCID: PMC6269658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The first cyclic analog of a metallothionein (MT) was prepared and analyzed by UV and (magnetic) circular dichroism spectroscopy, ESI-MS as well as NMR spectroscopy. Results reveal that the evaluated cyclic γ-Ec-1 domain of the wheat MT Ec-1 retains its ability to coordinate two Zn(II) or Cd(II) ions and adopts a three-dimensional structure that is highly similar to the one of the linear wild-type form. However, the reduced flexibility of the protein backbone facilitates structure solution significantly and results in a certain stabilization of metal binding to the protein.
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Mudalkar S, Golla R, Sengupta D, Ghatty S, Reddy AR. Molecular cloning and characterisation of metallothionein type 2a gene from Jatropha curcas L., a promising biofuel plant. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:113-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Loebus J, Leitenmaier B, Meissner D, Braha B, Krauss GJ, Dobritzsch D, Freisinger E. The major function of a metallothionein from the aquatic fungus Heliscus lugdunensis is cadmium detoxification. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 127:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kaas Q, Craik DJ. NMR of plant proteins. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 71:1-34. [PMID: 23611313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Kaas
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Wan X, Schicht O, Freisinger E. Copper(I) Coordination by Two Plant Metallothioneins. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Pérez-Rafael S, Pagani A, Palacios Ò, Dallinger R, Capdevila M, Atrian S. The Role of Histidine in a Copper-Specific Metallothionein. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Blindauer CA. Lessons on the critical interplay between zinc binding and protein structure and dynamics. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 121:145-55. [PMID: 23376625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the most important micronutrients for virtually all living organisms, and hence, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms for its homeostasis. Besides proteins involved in transmembrane transport, both extra- and intracellular zinc-binding proteins play important roles in the respective metabolic networks. Important examples for extracellular zinc transporters are mammalian serum albumins, and for intracellular zinc handling, certain metallothioneins are of relevance. The availability of protein structures including relevant metal binding sites is a fundamental prerequisite to decipher the mechanisms that govern zinc binding dynamics in these proteins, but their determination can prove to be surprisingly challenging. Due to the spectroscopic silence of Zn(2+), combinations of biophysical techniques including electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and multinuclear NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, coupled with site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modelling have proven to be valuable approaches to understand not only the zinc-binding properties of metallothioneins and albumins, but also the influence of other physiologically relevant competing agents. These studies have demonstrated why the bacterial metallothionein SmtA contains a site inert towards exchange with Cd(2+), why the plant metallothionein EC from wheat is partially unfolded in the presence of Cd(2+), and how fatty acids impact on the zinc-binding ability of mammalian serum albumins.
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Peroza EA, dos Santos Cabral A, Wan X, Freisinger E. Metal ion release from metallothioneins: proteolysis as an alternative to oxidation. Metallomics 2013; 5:1204-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Leszczyszyn OI, Imam HT, Blindauer CA. Diversity and distribution of plant metallothioneins: a review of structure, properties and functions. Metallomics 2013; 5:1146-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wan X, Freisinger E. Incorporation of Sulfide Ions into the Cadmium(II) Thiolate Cluster of Cicer arietinum Metallothionein2. Inorg Chem 2012; 52:785-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ic301907j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wan
- Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land
Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Eva Freisinger
- Institute of Inorganic
Chemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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A synthetic cadmium metallothionein gene (PMCd1syn) of Paramecium species: expression, purification and characteristics of metallothionein protein. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:983-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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