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Coombs KM, Glover KKM, Russell R, Kaspler P, Roufaiel M, Graves D, Pelka P, Kobasa D, DuMoulin-White R, Mandel A. Nanomolar concentrations of the photodynamic compound TLD-1433 effectively inactivate numerous human pathogenic viruses. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32140. [PMID: 38882312 PMCID: PMC11176859 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The anti-viral properties of a small (≈1 kDa), novel Ru(II) photo dynamic compound (PDC), referred to as TLD-1433 (Ruvidar™), are presented. TLD-1433 had previously been demonstrated to exert strong anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. We evaluated the capacity of TLD-1433 to inactivate several human pathogenic viruses. TLD-1433 that was not photo-activated was capable of effectively inactivating 50 % of influenza H1N1 virus (ID50) at a concentration of 117 nM. After photo-activation, the ID50 was reduced to <10 nM. The dose of photo-activated TLD-1433 needed to reduce H1N1 infectivity >99 % (ID99) was approximately 170 nM. Similarly, the ID99 of photo-activated TLD-1433 was determined to range from about 20 to 120 nM for other tested enveloped viruses; specifically, a human coronavirus, herpes simplex virus, the poxvirus Vaccinia virus, and Zika virus. TLD-1433 also inactivated two tested non-enveloped viruses; specifically, adenovirus type 5 and mammalian orthoreovirus, but at considerably higher concentrations. Analyses of TLD-1433-treated membranes suggested that lipid peroxidation was a major contributor to enveloped virus inactivation. TLD-1433-mediated virus inactivation was temperature-dependent, with approximately 10-fold more efficient virucidal activity when viruses were treated at 37 °C than when treated at room temperature (∼22 °C). The presence of fetal bovine serum and virus solution turbidity reduced TLD-1433-mediated virucidal efficiency. Immunoblots of TLD-1433-treated human coronavirus indicated the treated spike protein remained particle-associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kathleen K M Glover
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Raquel Russell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Pavel Kaspler
- Theralase® Technologies Inc., 41 Hollinger Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4B 3G4, Canada
| | - Mark Roufaiel
- Theralase® Technologies Inc., 41 Hollinger Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4B 3G4, Canada
| | - Drayson Graves
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter Pelka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Darwyn Kobasa
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Roger DuMoulin-White
- Theralase® Technologies Inc., 41 Hollinger Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4B 3G4, Canada
| | - Arkady Mandel
- Theralase® Technologies Inc., 41 Hollinger Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4B 3G4, Canada
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Conti V, Bertini N, Ricciardi R, Stefanelli B, De Bellis E, Sellitto C, Cascella M, Sabbatino F, Corbi G, Pagliano P, Filippelli A. Adverse events related to drug-drug interactions in COVID-19 patients. A persistent concern in the post-pandemic era: a systematic review. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:275-292. [PMID: 38568077 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2339397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since COVID-19 patients are often polytreated, monitoring drug-drug interaction (DDIs) is necessary. We evaluated whether drugs used after the second COVID-19 pandemic wave were associated with DDI-related adverse events and the role of drug interaction checkers in identifying them. METHODS The study (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42024507634) included: 1) consulting the drug interaction checkers Drugs.com, Liverpool COVID-19 Interactions, LexiComp, Medscape, and Micromedex; 2) systematic review; 3) reviewed studies analysis; 4) evaluating drug interaction checkers potential to anticipate DDI-related adverse events.The systematic review was performed searching PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases from 1 March 2022 to 11 November 2023. Observational studies, and clinical trials were included. Article without reporting direct association between DDIs and adverse events were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS The most frequent DDIs involved nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (N/R) and fluvoxamine. Fifteen studies, including 150 patients and 35 DDI-related outcomes, were analyzed. The most frequent DDIs involved tacrolimus with N/R, resulting in creatinine increase.Eighty percent of reported DDI-related adverse events would have been identified by all drug-interaction checkers, while the remaining 20% by at least 2 of them. CONCLUSIONS Drug interaction checkers are useful but show inconsistencies. Multiple sources are needed to tailor treatment in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nicola Bertini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ricciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Berenice Stefanelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Bellis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Sellitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Infectious Disease Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona University Hospital, Salerno, Italy
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Rai V. COVID-19 and Kidney: The Importance of Follow-Up and Long-Term Screening. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2137. [PMID: 38004277 PMCID: PMC10672056 DOI: 10.3390/life13112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal involvement and kidney injury are common in COVID-19 patients, and the symptoms are more severe if the patient already has renal impairment. Renal involvement in COVID-19 is multifactorial, and the renal tubule is mainly affected, along with podocyte injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammation, complement activation, hypercoagulation, and crosstalk between the kidney and lungs, brain, and heart are contributory factors. Kidney injury during the acute phase, termed acute kidney injury (AKI), may proceed to chronic kidney disease if the patient is discharged with renal impairment. Both AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD) increase mortality in COVID-19 patients. Further, COVID-19 infection in patients suffering from CKD is more severe and increases the mortality rate. Thus, it is important to address both categories of patients, either developing AKI or CKD after COVID-19 or previously having CKD, with proper management and treatment. This review discusses the pathophysiology involved in AKI and CKD in COVID-19 infection, followed by management and treatment of AKI and CKD. This is followed by a discussion of the importance of screening and treatment of CKD patients infected with COVID-19 and future perspectives to improve treatment in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Tsai MJ, Jeong S, Yu F, Chen TF, Li PH, Juan HF, Huang JH, Hsu YH. Translating GWAS Findings to Inform Drug Repositioning Strategies for COVID-19 Treatment. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3443080. [PMID: 37886583 PMCID: PMC10602133 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3443080/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We developed a computational framework that integrates Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses, designed to facilitate drug repurposing for COVID-19 treatment. The comprehensive approach combines transcriptomic-wide associations, polygenic priority scoring, 3D genomics, viral-host protein-protein interactions, and small-molecule docking. Through GWAS, we identified nine druggable host genes associated with COVID-19 severity and SARS-CoV-2 infection, all of which show differential expression in COVID-19 patients. These genes include IFNAR1, IFNAR2, TYK2, IL10RB, CXCR6, CCR9, and OAS1. We performed an extensive molecular docking analysis of these targets using 553 small molecules derived from five therapeutically enriched categories, namely antibacterials, antivirals, antineoplastics, immunosuppressants, and anti-inflammatories. This analysis, which comprised over 20,000 individual docking analyses, enabled the identification of several promising drug candidates. All results are available via the DockCoV2 database (https://dockcov2.org/drugs/). The computational framework ultimately identified nine potential drug candidates: Peginterferon alfa-2b, Interferon alfa-2b, Interferon beta-1b, Ruxolitinib, Dactinomycin, Rolitetracycline, Irinotecan, Vinblastine, and Oritavancin. While its current focus is on COVID-19, our proposed computational framework can be applied more broadly to assist in drug repurposing efforts for a variety of diseases. Overall, this study underscores the potential of human genetic studies and the utility of a computational framework for drug repurposing in the context of COVID-19 treatment, providing a valuable resource for researchers in this field.
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Chen YZ, Lin MS, Lin YP, Liu YZ, Yang CJ. Precipitating factors of bradycardia after remdesivir administration: ICU admission and cutoff value for declining heart rate. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:970-976. [PMID: 37407291 PMCID: PMC10290731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing concerns about the association between remdesivir and bradycardia in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving remdesivir, information on its clinical course and precipitating factors is limited. Our aim was to investigate possible triggers of bradycardia after remdesivir administration. METHODS We retrieved the medical records of hospitalized severe and critical COVID-19 patients who received remdesivir from May 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021. Bradycardia was defined as two episodes of a heart rate (HR) < 60 bpm in 24 h. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to evaluate the discriminability of heart rate pattern on the occurrence of bradycardia. The precipitating factors of bradycardia were examined by a logistic regression model. RESULTS Regardless of bradycardia status, the median heart rate dropped during remdesivir treatment (from 85 to 72 bpm, p < 0.001), with the heart rate dropping considerably within the first two days of remdesivir treatment. Among various heart rate descriptors, HR ratiomin (d2-d1) had the best discrimination (AUC = 0.7336), and a reduction in HR ratiomin (d2-d1) by 14.65% was associated with bradycardia. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission was associated with an increased risk of bradycardia (odds ratio: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.12-10.41). CONCLUSIONS In severe COVID-19 patients receiving remdesivir, the risks of bradycardia were influenced by a substantial reduction in heart rate during the first two days of remdesivir treatment and ICU admission. These findings suggest that clinical practitioners should intensively monitor heart rates during remdesivir treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Zuo Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Zhan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Hsu CW, Lee MC, Hua YM, Lai CC, Tang HJ, Chao CM. Inhaled corticosteroid for patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:921-930. [PMID: 37562996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), however, their findings are not consistent. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched to June 10, 2023. Only RCTs that investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of ICS for patients with COVID-19 were included. RESULTS Eleven RCTs were included. ICS users had significantly higher rate of symptom alleviation at day 14 than the control group (risk ratio [RR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23; I2 = 42%). Additionally, no significant difference between the ICS users and the control group was observed in the composite outcome of urgent care, emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.08-2.48; I2 = 85%) and hospitalization or death (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.64-1.12; I2 = 0%). Finally, ICS user had a non-significantly lower risk of death at day 28 than the control group (0.63% vs 0.99%; RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.43-1.56; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS Additional ICS use, particularly inhaled budesonide may help symptom relief in patients with COVID-19. However, ICS use did not help reduce the risk of urgent care, ED visit, hospitalization, or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Dental Laboratory Technology, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Lin DSH, Tzeng SC, Cha TL, Hung CM, Lin WC, Yang CM, Lu HY, Chang JY, Huang SW. Inhalable chitosan-based hydrogel as a mucosal adjuvant for hydroxychloroquine in the treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2023; 56:951-960. [PMID: 37620239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective therapy for COVID-19 remains limited. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been considered, but safety and efficacy concerns remain. Chitosan exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, yet how the combination of HCQ and chitosan performs in treating COVID-19 is unknown. METHODS Male Syrian hamsters were inoculated intranasally with standardized stocks of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Hamsters were allocated to saline (PBS), chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), HCQ, or COS + HCQ groups and received corresponding drugs. On days 1, 7, and 14 post-infection, two animals from each group were euthanized for sample collection. Viral loads were measured in lung homogenates. Biochemistry markers, cytokines, and immunoglobulins were analyzed from hamster sera. HCQ concentrations were compared between the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung tissues. All groups underwent histopathology exams of the lungs. Additional hamsters were treated with the same drugs to assess for toxicities to the heart and liver. RESULTS Among all groups, viral loads in the COS + HCQ group were the lowest by day 8. The COS + HCQ group produced the highest interleukin (IL)-6 levels on day 4, and the highest IL-10, IgA and IgG levels on day 8. HCQ concentrations were higher in the COS + HCQ group's lungs than the HCQ group, despite having received half the dose of HCQ. Histopathology demonstrated earlier inflammation resolution and swifter viral clearance in the COS + HCQ group. There was no evidence of cardiac or hepatic injury in hamsters that received HCQ. CONCLUSION In hamsters infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the combination of intranasal COS and HCQ was associated with increased HCQ absorption in the lungs, more effective immune responses, without increasing the risk of hepatic or cardiac injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Shu-Han Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian Chiuan Tzeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Lung Cha
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Mao Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mi Yang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Lu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yu Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Madi K, Flumian C, Olivier P, Sommet A, Montastruc F. Quality of reporting of adverse events in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs: systematic review. BMJ MEDICINE 2023; 2:e000352. [PMID: 37779893 PMCID: PMC10537984 DOI: 10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective To assess the quality of reporting of adverse events in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs based on the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) harms extension and according to clinical trial design, and to examine reporting of serious adverse events in drug trials published on PubMed versus clinical trial summaries on ClinicalTrials.gov. Design Systematic review. Data sources PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov registries were searched from 1 December 2019 to 17 February 2022. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of drugs used to treat covid-19 disease in participants of all ages with suspected, probable, or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Clinical trials were screened on title, abstract, and text by two authors independently. Only articles published in French and English were selected. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) was used to assess risk of bias. Results The search strategy identified 1962 randomised clinical trials assessing the efficacy and safety of drugs used to treat covid-19, published in the PubMed database; 1906 articles were excluded after screening and 56 clinical trials were included in the review. Among the 56 clinical trials, no study had a high score for quality of reporting of adverse events, 60.7% had a moderate score, 33.9% had a low score, and 5.4% had a very low score. All clinical trials with a very low score for quality of reporting of adverse events were randomised open label trials. For reporting of serious adverse events, journal articles published on PubMed under-reported 51% of serious adverse events compared with clinical trial summaries published on ClinicalTrials.gov. Conclusions In one in three published clinical trials on covid-19 drugs, the quality of reporting of adverse events was low or very low. Differences were found in the number of serious adverse events reported in journal articles versus clinical trial summaries. During the covid-19 pandemic, risk assessment of drugs in clinical trials of covid-19 drugs did not comply with good practice recommendations for publication of results. Systematic review registration European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance (ENCePP) EUPAS45959.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Madi
- CIC 1436, Team PEPSS (Pharmacologie En Population cohorteS et biobanqueS), Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Clara Flumian
- CIC 1436, Team PEPSS (Pharmacologie En Population cohorteS et biobanqueS), Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Olivier
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Sommet
- CIC 1436, Team PEPSS (Pharmacologie En Population cohorteS et biobanqueS), Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - François Montastruc
- CIC 1436, Team PEPSS (Pharmacologie En Population cohorteS et biobanqueS), Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Department of Medical and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre of PharmacoVigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Moetasam Zorab M, Mohammadjani N, Ashengroph M, Alavi M. Biosynthesis of Quantum Dots and Their Therapeutic Applications in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer and SARS-CoV-2. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:411-422. [PMID: 37646053 PMCID: PMC10460808 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor materials that range from 2 nm to 10 nm. These nanomaterials (NMs) are smaller and have more unique properties compared to conventional nanoparticles (NPs). One of the unique properties of QDs is their special optoelectronic properties, making it possible to apply these NMs in bioimaging. Different size and shape QDs, which are used in various fields such as bioimaging, biosensing, cancer therapy, and drug delivery, have so far been produced by chemical methods. However, chemical synthesis provides expensive routes and causes serious environmental and health issues. Therefore, various biological systems such as bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae, and plants are considered as potent eco-friendly green nanofactories for the biosynthesis of QDs, which are both economic and environmentally safe. The review aims to provide a descriptive overview of the various microbial agents for the synthesis of QDs and their biomedical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navid Mohammadjani
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Morahem Ashengroph
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Mehran Alavi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
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Talukder P, Saha A, Roy S, Ghosh G, Roy DD, Barua S. Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment: A New Challenge. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:3653-3670. [PMID: 36961509 PMCID: PMC10037400 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 infection is a new disease and our knowledge is limited; day in and day out more and more interesting yet diverse observations are reported by the different research groups from different corners of the world. So, there is an urgent requirement of the invention of some effective and efficient drugs that can carry out the end of the deadly viral infection. Throughout the world, there have been many efforts carried out in different labs to invent such a drug and also identifying any pre-existing drugs which can carry out the killing of the virus. In this review, an effort has been made to understand the potential drugs which can be used against the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Again, the strategies on the current and the future drug discovery mechanisms against the SARS-CoV-2 are also mentioned. The different drugs made and the drugs re-used and also the drugs which are in the making process in different research laboratories across the world are also mentioned. To combat this unexpected crisis, we still need some more efforts from the different scientific communities around the world for finding a cure against this viral infection and this is needed to be done for the prevention of more loss of human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Talukder
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India.
| | - Arunima Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Sohini Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Debshikha Dutta Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
| | - Snejuti Barua
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700156, India
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11
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Kalkuz Ş, Göktaş Z. Evaluation of dietary supplementation and/or herbal food consumption habits and common beliefs on their effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33883. [PMID: 37233414 PMCID: PMC10219646 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2020, COVID-19 has affected the entire world. Various dietary supplements/herbal foods are recommended to protect against and/or treat COVID-19 through social media and conventional media platforms, although their effects are unproven. Hence, this study aimed to investigate dietary supplementation and/or herbal food consumption habits intended to protect against and/or treat COVID-19, as well as common thoughts and beliefs about these products during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted as an online survey via the "SurveyMonkey" platform between June and December 2021. Participants were invited to participate in the study via social media (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp) and the questionnaire was administered online. A total of 1767 participants were confirmed to be eligible. Overall, 35.3% used dietary supplements/herbal foods for protection against COVID-19 and 67.1% used them for treatment. Most believed that certain dietary supplements/herbal foods have an effect on the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. According to the COVID-19 infection status, participants differed in their opinions regarding the protective effects of vitamin D supplementation against COVID-19 (P = .02). It is important to raise public awareness of this issue and to avoid the unnecessary use of dietary supplements before sufficient evidence has been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Kalkuz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Kirklareli University, Kirklareli, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Göktaş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Nayudu GSS, Benny M, Thomas G, Adil Khan M, Basutkar RS. Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis to Evaluate Therapeutic Effectiveness of Interferon Beta-1b in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:390-400. [PMID: 37469907 PMCID: PMC10353682 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_577_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused havoc in the health sector. Inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the disease condition. Existing evidence has provided certain insights into the repurposing of the drugs. This meta-analysis and systematic review aimed to explore the efficacy of the administration of interferon beta-1b (IFN β-1b) and standard care versus only standard care as the therapeutic agent for managing COVID-19 patients who are severely ill. The search was conducted in the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, which were published during the period January 1, 2020, to February 16, 2023. All the included three studies were independently assessed for eligibility. The modified data extraction form of Cochrane were used. The quality of the three included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. GradePro software was used to summarize the quality grading of the primary outcome measures. The time taken for clinical improvement was (MD: -3.28 days; 95% CI: -5.65, -0.91; P value = 0.007) when treated with IFN β-1b. The duration of hospital stays (MD: -2.43 days; 95% CI: -4.45, -0.30; P value = 0.03), and need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission (RR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.97; P value = 0.03) was statistically significant. Interferon beta-1b is proven to reduce the duration of hospital stay, and the improved clinical status may become a cornerstone of COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Sai Sree Nayudu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mamkoottathil Benny
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Grace Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maria Adil Khan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roopa Satyanarayan Basutkar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Sendagire H, Kiwuwa S, Dhamani A, Akugizibwe R, Lwasa Y, Bukenya A, Mukasa HK, Kakeeto P, Nankinga Z, Bbosa G, Babirye J, Nankabirwa H, Nabadda S. Staging of COVID-19 disease; using selected laboratory profiles for prediction, prevention and management of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in Africa-review. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:1-15. [PMID: 37545952 PMCID: PMC10398495 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many uncertainties on the future management of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in Africa. By July 2021, Africa had lagged behind the rest of the world in Covid-19 vaccines uptake, accounting for just 1.6% of doses administered globally. During that time COVID 19 was causing an average death rate of 2.6% in Africa, surpassing the then global average of 2.2%. There were no clear therapeutic guidelines, yet inappropriate and unnecessary treatments may have led to unwanted adverse events such as worsening of hyperglycemia and precipitating of ketoacidosis in administration of steroid therapy. in order to provide evidence-based policy guidelines, we examined peer-reviewed published articles in PubMed on COVID 19, or up-to date data, we focused our search on publications from 1st May 2020 to 15th July, 2021. For each of the studies, we extracted data on pathophysiology, selected clinical chemistry and immunological tests, clinical staging and treatment. Our review reports a gross unmet need for vaccination, inadequate laboratory capacity for immunological tests and the assessment of individual immune status, clinical staging and prediction of disease severity. We recommend selected laboratory tools in the assessment of individual immune status, prediction of disease severity and determination of the exact timing for suitable therapy, especially in individuals with co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakim Sendagire
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda
- National Health Laboratory and Diagnostics Services, Ministry of Health, Uganda
| | - Steven Kiwuwa
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ali Dhamani
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Yasin Lwasa
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Bukenya
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - Godfrey Bbosa
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Juliet Babirye
- College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Susan Nabadda
- National Health Laboratory and Diagnostics Services, Ministry of Health, Uganda
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14
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Anwar N, Ahmed NZ, Fathima AF, Khan AA. Analytical review of Tiryāq-i-Wabāī - A Unani panacea for the control of COVID-19. J Herb Med 2023; 39:100653. [PMID: 37073363 PMCID: PMC10101772 DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has affected the whole world drastically and led to a substantial loss of human life. Relentless research is underway to identify effective treatment to control the disease. Traditional systems are also being explored to search for a potent drug. Unani formulation 'Tiryāq-i-Wabāī' has long been used in cholera, plague and other epidemic diseases. This review is aimed at analysing the possible role of Tiryāq-i-Wabāī in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methodology Unani classical texts and Pharmacopoeias available in the library of Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai were reviewed to collect information related to epidemics, commonly prescribed drugs during epidemics, and therapeutic uses of Tiryāq-i-Wabāī ingredients. ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed and Google Scholar were searched to collect information regarding current pandemic and pharmacological activities of ingredients and phytoconstituents present in the formulation. The collected data was analyzed and interpreted. Results Tiryāq-i-Wabāī was found to be the most recommended prophylactic and curative drug during epidemics. The formulation ingredients, Sibr (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.), Murr Makki (Commiphora myrrha (T.Nees) Engl.) and Zāfrān (Crocus sativus L.) are categorized under Tiryāqi Advia (literally - antidote drugs) and are considered to be very effective in SARS related conditions. These ingredients have been reported to exhibit immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, antitussive, smooth muscle relaxant, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities corroborating the traditional use of Tiryāq-i-Wabāī. Conclusion Scientific data imply great potential and utility of the formulation which could be a possible alternative approach for the prevention and control of current and future pandemics.
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15
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Valdebenito-Navarrete H, Fuentes-Barrera V, Smith CT, Salas-Burgos A, Zuniga FA, Gomez LA, García-Cancino A. Can Probiotics, Particularly Limosilactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus UCO-25A, Be Preventive Alternatives against SARS-CoV-2? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030384. [PMID: 36979076 PMCID: PMC10045641 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, an infection produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in humans, has rapidly spread to become a high-mortality pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus characterized by infecting epithelial cells of the intestine and lungs, binding to the ACE2 receptor present on epithelial cells. COVID-19 treatment is based on antivirals and antibiotics against symptomatology in addition to a successful preventive strategy based on vaccination. At this point, several variants of the virus have emerged, altering the effectiveness of treatments and thereby attracting attention to several alternative therapies, including immunobiotics, to cope with the problem. This review, based on articles, patents, and an in silico analysis, aims to address our present knowledge of the COVID-19 disease, its symptomatology, and the possible beneficial effects for patients if probiotics with the characteristics of immunobiotics are used to confront this disease. Moreover, two probiotic strains, L. fermentum UCO-979C and L. rhamnosus UCO-25A, with different effects demonstrated at our laboratory, are emphasized. The point of view of this review highlights the possible benefits of probiotics, particularly those associated with immunomodulation as well as the production of secondary metabolites, and their potential targets during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Valdebenito-Navarrete
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Victor Fuentes-Barrera
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Carlos T. Smith
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Alexis Salas-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Felipe A. Zuniga
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas 1290, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Leonardo A. Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Apolinaria García-Cancino
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenicity, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-41-2204144; Fax: +56-41-2245975
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16
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Arrieta A, Galvis AE, Osborne S, Morphew T, Imfeld K, Enriquez C, Hoang J, Swearingen M, Nieves DJ, Ashouri N, Singh J, Nugent D. Use of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma for Treatment of Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection at a Children's Hospital: A Contribution to a Still Inadequate Body of Evidence. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020350. [PMID: 36832478 PMCID: PMC9955755 DOI: 10.3390/children10020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Data on COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) safety and efficacy in children and young adults are limited. This single-center prospective, open-label trial evaluates CCP safety, neutralizing antibody kinetics, and outcomes in children and young adults with moderate/severe COVID-19 (April 2020-March 2021). A total of 46 subjects received CCP; 43 were included in the safety analysis (SAS); 7.0% < 2 years old, 2.3% 2-<6, 27.9% 6-<12, 39.5% 12-<19, and 23.3% > 19 years old; 28 were included in the antibody kinetic analysis (AbKS); 10.7% < 2 years old, 10.7% 6-<12, 53.8% 12-<19, and 25.0% > 19 years old. No adverse events occurred. The median COVID-19 severity score improved (5.0 pre-CCP to 1.0 by day 7; p < 0.001). A rapid increase in the median percentage of inhibition was observed in AbKS (22.5% (13.0%, 41.5%) pre-infusion to 52% (23.7%, 72%) 24 h post-infusion); a similar increase was observed in nine immune-competent subjects (28% (23%, 35%) to 63% (53%, 72%)). The inhibition percentage increased until day 7 and persisted at 21 and 90 days. CCP is well tolerated in children and young adults, providing rapid and robust increased antibodies. CCP should remain a therapeutic option for this population for whom vaccines are not fully available and given that the safety and efficacy of existing monoclonal antibodies and antiviral agents have not been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Arrieta
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alvaro E. Galvis
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie Osborne
- Research Administration, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Tricia Morphew
- Morphew Consulting, LLC, CHOC Research Institute, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Karen Imfeld
- Hematology Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Claudia Enriquez
- Research Administration, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Janet Hoang
- Hematology Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Marcia Swearingen
- Hematology Advanced Diagnostics Laboratory, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Delma J. Nieves
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +714-509-8403; Fax: +714-509-3303
| | - Negar Ashouri
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jasjit Singh
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Diane Nugent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Pediatric Hematology, CHOC Children’s Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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17
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Medicinal Plants for Viral Respiratory Diseases: A Systematic Review on Persian Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:1928310. [PMID: 36818226 PMCID: PMC9937752 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1928310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Many medicinal plants have been introduced in Persian medicine references for various respiratory disorders. Considering the growing interest in herbal medicines, this review aimed to introduce medicinal herbs recommended by Persian Medicine (PM) references for respiratory diseases and to discuss their activity against respiratory viruses. Methods The medicinal plants recommended for respiratory disorders were extracted from the main PM textbooks. Subsequently, their activity against respiratory viruses was systematically investigated via queries of scientific databases. Results Searching PM references for medicinal plants used in the management of respiratory disorders yielded 45 results. Of them, 18 possess antiviral activity against respiratory viruses. There were 29 in vitro studies (including studies on human cell lines) and 5 in vivo studies. Conclusion This research demonstrated that many of the medicinal plants mentioned for the respiratory diseases in PM have considerable activity against respiratory viruses. However, human studies regarding the reported medicinal plants are scarce.
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Ma L, Li Y, Shi T, Zhu Z, Zhao J, Xie Y, Wen J, Guo S, Wang J, Ding J, Liang C, Shan G, Li Q, Ge M, Cen S. Teicoplanin derivatives block spike protein mediated viral entry as pan-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114213. [PMID: 36916436 PMCID: PMC9808420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants poses serious threat to the efficacy of vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new and effective inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks. Here, we have identified a series of glycopeptide antibiotics teicoplanin derivatives that bind to the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, interrupt its interaction with ACE2 receptor and selectively inhibit viral entry mediated by S protein. Computation modeling predicts that these compounds interact with the residues in the receptor binding domain. More importantly, these teicoplanin derivatives inhibit the entry of both pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of developing small molecule entry inhibitors by targeting the interaction of viral S protein and ACE2. Together, considering the proven safety and pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin as a glycopeptide antibiotic, the teicoplanin derivatives hold great promise of being repurposed as pan-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Li
- Shanghai Laiyi Center for Biopharmaceutical R&D, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhiling Zhu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guangzhi Shan
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Mei Ge
- Shanghai Laiyi Center for Biopharmaceutical R&D, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China; CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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19
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Karbalaeimahdi M, Farajnia S, Bargahi N, Ghadiri-Moghaddam F, Rasouli Jazi HR, Bakhtiari N, Ghasemali S, Zarghami N. The Role of Interferons in Long Covid Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:65-76. [PMID: 36795973 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the new generation of vaccines and anti-COVID-19 treatment regimens facilitated the management of acute COVID-19 infections, concerns about post-COVID-19 syndrome or Long Covid are rising. This issue can increase the incidence and morbidity of diseases such as diabetes, and cardiovascular, and lung infections, especially among patients suffering from neurodegenerative disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and ischemia. There are numerous risk factors that cause COVID-19 patients to experience post-COVID-19 syndrome. Three potential causes attributed to this disorder include immune dysregulation, viral persistence, and autoimmunity. Interferons (IFNs) are crucial in all aspects of post-COVID-19 syndrome etiology. In this review, we discuss the critical and double-edged role of IFNs in post-COVID-19 syndrome and how innovative biomedical approaches that target IFNs can reduce the occurrence of Long Covid infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karbalaeimahdi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Ghadiri-Moghaddam
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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20
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Motahari-Nezhad H, Sadeghdaghighi A. Publication bias in meta-analyses of the therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir interventions for patients with COVID-19. GLOBAL KNOWLEDGE, MEMORY AND COMMUNICATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/gkmc-02-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
No comprehensive statistical assessment of publication bias has been conducted in remdesivir-based intervention research for COVID-19 patients. This study aims to examine all meta-analyses of the efficacy of remdesivir interventions in COVID-19 patients and perform a statistical assessment of publication bias.
Design/methodology/approach
This is an analytic study conducted to assess the impact of publication bias on the results of meta-analyses of remdesivir-based interventions in patients infected with COVID-19. All English full-text meta-analyses published in peer-reviewed journals in 2019–2021 were included. A computerized search of PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was performed on December 24, 2021. The trim-and-fill method calculated the number of missing studies and the adjusted cumulative effect sizes.
Findings
The final analysis comprised 21 studies with 88 outcomes. The investigation revealed missing studies in 46 outcomes (52%). Seventy-six missing studies were replaced in the outcomes using the trim-and-fill procedure. The adjusted recalculated effect sizes of the 27 outcomes increased by an average of 0.04. In comparison, the adjusted effect size of 18 outcomes fell by an average of 0.036. Only 14 out of 46 outcomes with publication bias were subjected to a gray literature search (30%). To discover related research, no gray literature search was conducted in most outcomes with publication bias (n = 32; 70%). In conclusion, the reported effect estimates regarding the effect of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients are only slightly affected by publication bias and can be considered authentic. Health-care decision-makers in COVID-19 should consider current research results when making clinical decisions.
Research limitations/implications
Most health decisions are based on the effect sizes revealed in meta-analyses. When deciding on remdesivir-based treatment for COVID-19 patients, therefore, the outcomes of this investigation may be of paramount importance to health policymakers, leading to better treatment strategies.
Practical implications
According to the results, no major publication bias and missing studies were detected on average. Therefore, the calculated effect sizes of remdesivir-based interventions on meta-analyses can be used as authentic and unbiased benchmarks by health-care decision-makers in treating patients with COVID-19.
Originality/value
This is the first study to examine the effect of publication bias and gray literature searches on the results of meta-analyses of treatment with COVID-19 (remdesivir).
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21
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Asadi J, Rasouli MA, Ghaderi E, Roshani D, Mohsenpour B, Moradi Y, Moradi G. Effectiveness of different treatment regimens on patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in Sanandaj hospitals: a retrospective cohort study. J Pharm Policy Pract 2023; 16:4. [PMID: 36647128 PMCID: PMC9841691 DOI: 10.1186/s40545-023-00511-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Different drugs have different effects on the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different drug regimens on patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in Sanandaj city. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 660 patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in the Tohid, Kowsar and Besat hospitals located Sanandaj (Kurdistan Province, Iran) were studied from February 2020 to February 2021 with clinical symptoms and positive test results. RESULTS The results of multivariate regression analysis showed the days of hospitalization for patients who had received the drug regimen 2 (Interferons (ReciGen/Ziphron) or Interferon Vectra (lopinavir/ritonavir)) was 1.92 times higher than those who had received the drug regimen 1 (hydroxychloroquine group or a combination of chloroquine and azithromycin) while a significant association was observed (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.16-3.16, P = 0.011). Also, the hospitalization in ICU was longer in patients treated by the drug regimen 2 (Interferons (ReciGen/Ziphron) or Interferon Vectra (lopinavir/ritonavir)) (OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 1.80-11.82, P = 0.001), however, drug regimens did not show a significant effect on mortality and use of ventilator in patients (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study results showed the drug regimens 2 and 5 increased the days of hospitalization and hospitalization in ICU, respectively, while the other drug regimens had no significant effect on mortality and use a ventilator in the studied patients and none of the drug regimens had an effect on reducing mortality compared to other ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Asadi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Clinical Research Development Unit, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Ghaderi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Daem Roshani
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Behzad Mohsenpour
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ghobad Moradi
- grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran ,grid.484406.a0000 0004 0417 6812Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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22
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El-Sayed SAES, Rizk MA. COVID-19 and Thymoquinone: Clinical Benefits, Cure, and Challenges. BIOMED 2023; 3:59-76. [DOI: 10.3390/biomed3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In today’s world, the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout the world, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and several associated complications in various organs (heart, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract), as well as significant multiple organ dysfunction, shock, and even death. In order to overcome the serious complications associated with this pandemic virus and to prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell, it is necessary to repurpose currently available drugs with a broad medicinal application as soon as they become available. There are several therapeutics under investigation for improving the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients, but none of them has demonstrated clinical efficacy to date, which is disappointing. It is in this pattern that Nigella sativa seeds manifest their extensive therapeutic effects, which have been reported to be particularly effective in the treatment of skin diseases, jaundice, and gastrointestinal problems. One important component of these seeds is thymoquinone (TQ), which has a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as antibacterial and parasitic properties, in addition to anticarcinogenic, antiallergic, and antiviral properties. This comprehensive review discussed the possibility of an emerging natural drug with a wide range of medical applications; the use of TQ to overcome the complications of COVID-19 infection; and the challenges that are impeding the commercialization of this promising phytochemical compound. TQ is recommended as a highly effective weapon in the fight against the novel coronavirus because of its dual antiviral action, in addition to its capacity to lessen the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 penetration into cells. However, future clinical trials are required to confirm the role of TQ in overcoming the complications of COVID-19 infection.
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Cheng C, Ying W. A meta-analytic review of the associations between dimensions of religious coping and psychological symptoms during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1097598. [PMID: 36741121 PMCID: PMC9894651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1097598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the unknown etiology and treatment of the highly transmissible coronavirus posed considerable threats to public mental health. Many people around the globe turned to religion as an attempt to mitigate their heightened psychological distress, but mixed findings have been obtained regarding the association between the use of religious coping and two psychological symptoms-anxiety and depressive symptoms-widely reported in the initial wave. OBJECTIVE The present meta-analysis was conducted to resolve the empirical inconsistency by synthesizing this body of studies and identifying both individual and national-level factors that accounted for the inconsistent findings. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, the literature search and data screening procedures yielded 42 eligible studies, with 25,438 participants (58% females, average age = 36.50 years) from 24 countries spanning seven world regions. RESULTS Overall, the results showed that only negative religious coping was positively associated with psychological symptoms (r = 0.2886, p < 0.0001). Although the associations of both general and positive religious coping with psychological symptoms were non-significant (rs = 0.0425 and -0.0240, ps > 0.39), the moderation analysis revealed significant positive associations between positive religious coping and psychological symptoms in two demographic groups who experienced greater pandemic distress than their counterparts: younger participants and female participants. DISCUSSION This meta-analysis provides a nuanced understanding of the complex nature of religious coping in the initial wave of the COVID-19 pandemic when the levels of public anxiety and stress were heightened. The exclusive use of religious coping may not be associated with low levels of psychological symptoms, implying the importance of supplementing the deployment of this strategy with an array of other strategies. Therapists of mental health interventions should show their clients how to make good use of positive religious coping together with other strategies, and how to avoid the use of negative religious coping, to handle their psychological problems. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://osf.io/shb32/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Cheng
- Social and Health Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weijun Ying
- Department of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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24
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Abstract
COVID-19 illness is associated with diverse neurological manifestations. Its exceptionally high prevalence results from unprecedented genetic diversity, genomic recombination, and superspreading. With each new mutation and variant, there are foreseeable risks of rising fatality and novel neurological motor complications in childhood and adult cases. This chapter provides an extensive review of COVID-19 neurological illness, notably the motor manifestations. Innovative treatments have been developed to stem the spread of infectious contagious illness, and attenuate the resultant cytokine storm and other postinfectious immune aspects responsible for postacute COVID-19 syndrome due to the multiplier effect of infection, immunity, and inflammation, termed I3.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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25
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Khushboo, Siddiqi NJ, Sharma B. Pathophysiology of SARS-CoV2 Mediated Depression, Therapeutics, and Consequences: A Comprehensive Narrative. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:217-229. [PMID: 35658879 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220603150637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), belongs to emerging and reemerging diseases, which was first identified and reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was similar to the SARS virus, a β-coronavirus. The epidemiological studies suggest that the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 mainly occurs from an infected person to others through close contact with the respiratory droplets or by having contact with SARS-CoV-2 adhering to objects and surfaces. The incubation period ranges from 5 to14 days. The symptoms include fever, dry cough, tiredness, aches, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, headache, difficulty in breathing or short breath, loss of taste, smell, rashes on the skin, and sore throat. Some reports indicated that males exhibited lower scores than females, the younger populations displayed increased symptoms, Chinese/Taiwanese people registered only scarce symptoms, and Canadians experienced more symptoms. The results of several studies suggested that while COVID-19 had a significant effect on depression, job instability affected anxiety and depression. The diagnostics to detect the presence of coronavirus involve ELISA and RT-PCR. There is no specific treatment available to eradicate COVID-19. The therapeutics used to treat COVID 19 exhibited severe side effects. Recently, some Indian traditional medicinal plants have shown promise in reducing the risk of viral infection and also boosting the immunity of an individual. This paper presents an overview of the current status of depression in the SARS CoV2 infected people and the measures required to overcome COVID-19 induced depression in patients even after recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, UP-India
| | - Nikhat J Siddiqi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bechan Sharma
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, UP-India
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26
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Emergency Use of Tocilizumab in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Patients over the Prevaccination Stage during the Pandemic in Mexico. Adv Virol 2022; 2022:6880405. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6880405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. COVID-19 has been associated with the overactivation of the immune system; interleukin-6 (IL-6) seems to have a key role, which made its moderation to be proposed as a therapeutic blank. Tocilizumab has been used as part of treatments to modulate the immune response to infections caused by COVID-19. Material and Methods. An observational, descriptive, retrospective, and transversal study was carried out in patients diagnosed with moderate-severe COVID-19 who were hospitalized in the 251 General Regional Hospital from March to December 2020. Results. A review of 700 files corresponding to hospitalized patients was carried out, and a sample of 70 patients who met the inclusion criteria proposed for this protocol was obtained. Among the comorbidities associated with the disease, it was found that hypertensive patients have a higher mortality rate: 62% died and so did 59% of those who needed invasive respiratory support. As regards admission tests, statistical significance was found for the figures of leukocytes, neutrophils, glomerular filtration rate, and PCR. Conclusion. The use of this drug benefits mainly young nonhypertensive patients with a moderate disease and preserved renal functions with no need for invasive respiratory support, regardless of other comorbidities.
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27
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Lei S, Chen X, Wu J, Duan X, Men K. Small molecules in the treatment of COVID-19. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:387. [PMID: 36464706 PMCID: PMC9719906 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has become a global crisis, and brought severe disruptions to societies and economies. Until now, effective therapeutics against COVID-19 are in high demand. Along with our improved understanding of the structure, function, and pathogenic process of SARS-CoV-2, many small molecules with potential anti-COVID-19 effects have been developed. So far, several antiviral strategies were explored. Besides directly inhibition of viral proteins such as RdRp and Mpro, interference of host enzymes including ACE2 and proteases, and blocking relevant immunoregulatory pathways represented by JAK/STAT, BTK, NF-κB, and NLRP3 pathways, are regarded feasible in drug development. The development of small molecules to treat COVID-19 has been achieved by several strategies, including computer-aided lead compound design and screening, natural product discovery, drug repurposing, and combination therapy. Several small molecules representative by remdesivir and paxlovid have been proved or authorized emergency use in many countries. And many candidates have entered clinical-trial stage. Nevertheless, due to the epidemiological features and variability issues of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to continue exploring novel strategies against COVID-19. This review discusses the current findings in the development of small molecules for COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, their detailed mechanism of action, chemical structures, and preclinical and clinical efficacies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Lei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Jieping Wu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingmei Duan
- grid.54549.390000 0004 0369 4060Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Ke Men
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 People’s Republic of China
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Chen HY, Tzeng IS, Tsai KW, Wu YK, Cheng CF, Lu KC, Chung HW, Chao YC, Su WL. Association between heme oxygenase one and sepsis development in patients with moderate-to-critical COVID-19: a single-center, retrospective observational study. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:275. [PMID: 36464717 PMCID: PMC9719614 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heme oxygenase one (HO-1) is considered a poor prognostic factor for survival in patients with severe-to-critical coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but the clinical correlation between heme catabolism biomarkers and COVID-19-related sepsis is unknown. The etiopathogenetic hypothesis of HO-1 response during sepsis in patients with poor prognosis should be clarified. This study aimed to investigate sepsis development within 48 h following moderate-to-critical COVID-19 and examined heme/HO-1 catabolism biomarkers associated with sepsis. We also studied the HO-1 and traditional prognostic factors for predicting survival in patients with COVID-19. METHODS This retrospective observational study included patients unvaccinated for COVID-19 with moderate-to-critical COVID-19 (n = 156) who had been admitted to Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital in 2021. All COVID-19 patients were diagnosed by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. For analysis of heme catabolism in SARS-CoV-2-induced sepsis, we excluded patients with co-infection and severe anemia. Heme catabolism biomarkers were compared between groups of patients with COVID-19 and sepsis (sepsis) and those with COVID-19 without sepsis (no sepsis), and a control group comprising 100 healthy individuals. All clinical and laboratory data were collected retrospectively and blood specimens were collected from Biobank. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compare all variables between the sepsis and no-sepsis groups. Cox regression analysis was used to determine predictors of survival in patients with COVID-19. RESULTS There were 71 and 85 patients with and without sepsis, respectively. Heme and HO-1 levels differed significantly between the sepsis, no sepsis, and control groups. In multivariate analysis, confusion, blood urea nitrogen, respiration, blood pressure in patients aged > 65 years (CURB-65) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.331, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.587-10.987; p < 0.001), albumin (aOR 0.139, 95% CI 0.003-0.636; p = 0.01), D-dimer (aOR 1.001, 95% CI 1.000-1.002; p = 0.032), and HO-1 (aOR 1.116, 95% CI 1.055-1.180; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with 48-h sepsis episodes after adjusting for other confounding factors. HO-1 levels were also significantly associated with 48-h Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA) scores. However, HO-1 did not significantly increase the hazard of in-hospital mortality in moderate-to-critical COVID-19 by Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 levels increased with sepsis development within 48 h of admission for COVID-19 after adjusting for other risk factors, but no significant association was observed between HO-1 and COVID-19 mortality. We suppose that HO-1 may have protective effect in early sepsis, but further clinical multicenter prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Chen
- grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist., New Taipei City, 23142 Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970 Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Department of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Wu
- grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist., New Taipei City, 23142 Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970 Taiwan ,grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, 231 Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, 231 Taiwan ,grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Wen Chung
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017School of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - You-Chen Chao
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970 Taiwan ,grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, 231 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lin Su
- grid.481324.80000 0004 0404 6823Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289 Jianguo Rd, Xindian Dist., New Taipei City, 23142 Taiwan ,grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970 Taiwan
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Sharun K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Natesan S, Megawati D, Singh KP, Michalak I, Dhama K. A comprehensive review on pharmacologic agents, immunotherapies and supportive therapeutics for COVID-19. NARRA J 2022; 2:e92. [PMID: 38449903 PMCID: PMC10914132 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected many countries throughout the world. As urgency is a necessity, most efforts have focused on identifying small molecule drugs that can be repurposed for use as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Although several drug candidates have been identified using in silico method and in vitro studies, most of these drugs require the support of in vivo data before they can be considered for clinical trials. Several drugs are considered promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. In addition to the direct-acting antiviral drugs, supportive therapies including traditional Chinese medicine, immunotherapies, immunomodulators, and nutritional therapy could contribute a major role in treating COVID-19 patients. Some of these drugs have already been included in the treatment guidelines, recommendations, and standard operating procedures. In this article, we comprehensively review the approved and potential therapeutic drugs, immune cells-based therapies, immunomodulatory agents/drugs, herbs and plant metabolites, nutritional and dietary for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mohd I. Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng Srinagar, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Senthilkumar Natesan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar, Opp to Airforce station HQ, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dewi Megawati
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Warmadewa University, Denpasar, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karam P. Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Izabela Michalak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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30
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Endurance of COVID 19 in wastewater, natural prescription and antiviral medication for the analysis of COVID 19 and its effects on the development of new antiseptic strategies. TOTAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH THEMES 2022. [PMCID: PMC9398943 DOI: 10.1016/j.totert.2022.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The continuous worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 brought about by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a public health emergency of international concern, which was formally announced by the World Health Organization (WHO). The antivirals utilized to restrict the spread of virus and the procedures for the recognition of SARS-COV-2 in wastewater has been reviewed. A main tool Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) played a notable role in tracking the spread of corona virus in large community. This review signifies the upgraded clinical impacts and components of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the function of various antiviral drugs against COVID 19 and the role of human covid to exist in the habitat and the viability countered; with specific spotlight on the advancement of latest strategies to assess the action of latest antiseptic-disinfectants on infections.
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31
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Li L, Wu Y, Wang J, Yan H, Lu J, Wang Y, Zhang B, Zhang J, Yang J, Wang X, Zhang M, Li Y, Miao L, Zhang H. Potential Treatment of COVID-19 with Traditional Chinese Medicine: What Herbs Can Help Win the Battle with SARS-CoV-2? ENGINEERING (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 19:139-152. [PMID: 34729244 PMCID: PMC8552808 DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been successfully applied worldwide in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the pharmacological mechanisms underlying this success remain unclear. Hence, the aim of this review is to combine pharmacological assays based on the theory of TCM in order to elucidate the potential signaling pathways, targets, active compounds, and formulas of herbs that are involved in the TCM treatment of COVID-19, which exhibits combatting viral infections, immune regulation, and amelioration of lung injury and fibrosis. Extensive reports on target screening are elucidated using virtual prediction via docking analysis or network pharmacology based on existing data. The results of these reports indicate that an intricate regulatory mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Therefore, more pharmacological research on the natural herbs used in TCM should be conducted in order to determine the association between TCM and COVID-19 and account for the observed therapeutic effects of TCM against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Greco R, Panetta V, Della Rocca MT, Durante A, Di Caprio G, Maggi P. Profile of Co-Infection Prevalence and Antibiotics Use among COVID-19 Patients. Pathogens 2022; 11:1250. [PMID: 36365001 PMCID: PMC9695079 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 patients significantly contributes to the worsening of the prognosis based on morbidity and mortality. Information on the co-infection profile in such patients could help to optimize treatment. The purpose of this study was to describe bacterial co-infections associated with microbiological, clinical, and laboratory data to reduce or avoid a secondary infection. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. Bacterial co-infection was detected in 14.3% of the COVID-19-positive patients. The laboratory findings on admission showed significant alterations in the median D-dimer, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase values compared to normal values. All inflammatory markers were significantly elevated. The most common pathogens isolated from blood cultures were E. faecalis and S. aureus. Instead, the high prevalence of respiratory tract infections in the COVID-19 patients was caused by P. aeruginosa (41%). In our study, 220 (82.4%) of the COVID-19 patients received antimicrobial treatment. Aminoglycosides and β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors showed the highest resistance rates. Our results showed that older age, underlying conditions, and abnormal laboratory parameters can be risk factors for co-infection in COVID-19 patients. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogen infection provides evidence on the importance, for the clinicians, to rationalize and individualize antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Greco
- UOSD Microbiology—AORN Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Vittorio Panetta
- UOSD Microbiology—AORN Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Adriana Durante
- UOSD Microbiology—AORN Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Caprio
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Paolo Maggi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic, AORN Sant’Anna and San Sebastiano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Elkhatib WF, Abdelkareem SS, Khalaf WS, Shahin MI, Elfadil D, Alhazmi A, El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS. Narrative review on century of respiratory pandemics from Spanish flu to COVID-19 and impact of nanotechnology on COVID-19 diagnosis and immune system boosting. Virol J 2022; 19:167. [PMID: 36280866 PMCID: PMC9589879 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of the highly lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-2) as corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) reminded us of the history of other pandemics that happened in the last century (Spanish flu) and stayed in the current century, which include Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome (SARS), Middle-East-Respiratory-Syndrome (MERS), Corona Virus 2019 (COVID-19). We review in this report the newest findings and data on the origin of pandemic respiratory viral diseases, reservoirs, and transmission modes. We analyzed viral adaption needed for host switch and determinants of pathogenicity, causative factors of pandemic viruses, and symptoms and clinical manifestations. After that, we concluded the host factors associated with pandemics morbidity and mortality (immune responses and immunopathology, ages, and effect of pandemics on pregnancy). Additionally, we focused on the burdens of COVID-19, non-pharmaceutical interventions (quarantine, mass gatherings, facemasks, and hygiene), and medical interventions (antiviral therapies and vaccines). Finally, we investigated the nanotechnology between COVID-19 analysis and immune system boosting (Nanoparticles (NPs), antimicrobial NPs as antivirals and immune cytokines). This review presents insights about using nanomaterials to treat COVID-19, improve the bioavailability of the abused drugs, diminish their toxicity, and improve their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Shereen S Abdelkareem
- Department of Alumni, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Industries, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Entertainment Area, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Mona I Shahin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Tymaa, Tabuk University, Tymaa, 71491, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dounia Elfadil
- Biology and Chemistry Department, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
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Zare Marzouni H, Rahbar M, Seddighi N, Nabizadeh M, Meidaninikjeh S, Sabouni N. Antibody Therapy for COVID-19: Categories, Pros, and Cons. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:517-528. [PMID: 36201297 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a life-threatening respiratory disease triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has been considered a pandemic viral infection since December 2019. The investigation of the effective prophylaxis or therapeutic strategies for emergency management of the current condition has become a priority for medical research centers and pharmaceutical companies. This article provides a comprehensive review of antibody therapy and its different categories with their advantages and disadvantages for COVID-19 over the last few years of the current pandemic. Antibodies can be generated by active immunization, including natural infection with a pathogen and vaccination, or by the passive immunization method such as convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) and antibody synthesis in laboratories. Each of these ways has its characteristics. Arming the immune system with antibodies is the main aim of antiviral therapeutic procedures toward SARS-CoV-2. Collecting and discussing various aspects of available data in this field can give researchers a better perspective for the production of antibody-based products or selection of the most appropriate approach of antibody therapies to improve different cases of COVID-19. Moreover, it can help them control similar viral pandemics that may happen in the future appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Zare Marzouni
- Qaen School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Marjan Rahbar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Seddighi
- Qaen School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Meidaninikjeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Biomedical Center (CBC) Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Sabouni
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Kumar A, O Pai M, Badoni G, Singh A, Agrawal A, Ji Omar B. Perspective Chapter: Tracking Trails of SARS CoV-2 - Variants to Therapy. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A virus when replicates itself from one generation to another, tends to change a little bit of its structure. These variations are called mutations. History says that SARS CoV-2 originated from the virus reservoirs of animals, specifically non-human mammals like bats and minks. Since then, there are evolutionary changes in its genome due to recombination in divergent strains of different species. Thus, making the virus more robust and smarter to sustain and evade immune responses in humans. Probably, this has led to the 2019 SARS CoV-2 pandemic. This chapter tracks the evolutionary trails of the virus origin, its pathogenesis in humans, and varying variants with the coming times. Eventually, the chapter overviews the available vaccines and therapies to be followed for SARS CoV-2.
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Chitosan and its derivatives as polymeric anti-viral therapeutics and potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomedicine. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119500. [PMID: 35550778 PMCID: PMC9020865 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19 has a global impact on the lives and livelihoods of people. It is characterized by a widespread infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where infected patients may develop serious medical complications or even face death. Development of therapeutic is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infected patients. Chitosan is a versatile biomaterial in nanomedicine and exhibits anti-microbial, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. This review highlights the progress in chitosan design and application pertaining to the anti-viral effects of chitosan and chitosan derivatives (hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium, sulfate, carboxymethyl, bromine, sialylglycopolymer, peptide and phosphonium conjugates) as a function of molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, type of substituents and their degree and site of substitution. The physicochemical attributes of these polymeric therapeutics are identified against the possibility of processing them into nanomedicine which can confer a higher level of anti-viral efficacy. The designs of chitosan for the purpose of targeting SARS-CoV-2, as well as the ever-evolving strains of viruses with a broad spectrum anti-viral activity to meet pandemic preparedness at the early stages of outbreak are discussed.
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Lessons from SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Infections: What We Know So Far. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:1156273. [PMID: 35992513 PMCID: PMC9391183 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1156273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Within past decades, human infections with emerging and reemerging zoonotic viral pathogens have raised the eminent public health concern. Since November 2002, three highly pathogenic and major deadly human coronaviruses of the βετα-genera (β-hCoVs), namely, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV), middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have been globally emerged and culminated in the occurrence of SARS epidemic, MERS outbreak, and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, respectively. The global emergence and spread of these three major deadly β-hCoVs have extremely dreadful impacts on human health and become an economic burden. Unfortunately, clear specific and highly efficient medical countermeasures for these three β-hCoVs and their underlying fatal illnesses remain under development. Although they belong to the same family and share many features and convergent evolution, these three deadly β-hCoVs have some important and obvious differences. By utilizing their lessons and gaining a deeper understanding of these β-hCoVs, we can identify areas of improvement and provide preparedness plans for fighting and controlling the future reemerging human infections that might arise from them or from other potential pathogenic hCoVs. Therefore, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art information and compares the similarities and dissimilarities between SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, in terms of their evolution trait, genome organization, host cell entry mechanisms, tissue infectivity tropisms, transmission routes and contagiousness, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory features, and immunological abnormalities of their related illnesses. It also provides an overview of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Additionally, it discusses the challenges of the most proposed treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Abdelfatah RM, Abdelaleem EA, Abdelmomen EH, Abdelmoety RH, Emam AA. Sensitive and Selective Bioscreening of the Most Commonly Used Coronavirus Disease Drug, Favipiravir, and Its Co-Administered therapeutic, Meropenem, in Human Plasma. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3800-3810. [PMID: 35948316 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Favipiravir and Meropenem have been concurrently used as directly acting antiviral and antibiotic agents for the treatment of coronavirus disease in human plasma. Accurate and specific reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic and high performance thin layer chromatographic methods were developed and validated for the first time analysis of this combination in spiked human plasma using Cefepime as an internal standard. In the developed UHPLC method, separation was performed on an BEH® C18 column with a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (pH = 3) in a ratio of 10: 90 (v/v) as an eluate. Scanning of the separated peaks was at 298 nm. The developed method showed high sensitivity, and the drugs showed linearity in the range of (5-70 μg/mL) for Favipiravir and (2-50 μg/mL) for. The proposed high performance thin layer chromatographic method included the separation using a mixture of ethyl acetate: methanol: deionized water: formic acid (5: 4: 1.5: 0.3, by volume), then spots detection at 300 nm. Methods were investigated for greenness using the eco-scale and national environmental method index tools and were validated according to food and drug administration guidelines. Methods can be applied for bio-analysis and therapeutic drug monitoring studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdelfatah
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University
| | - Eglal A Abdelaleem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University
| | - Esraa H Abdelmomen
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB)
| | - Refaat H Abdelmoety
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University (NUB)
| | - Aml A Emam
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University
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Mathur P, Kottilil S. Immunomodulatory therapies for COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:921452. [PMID: 35991665 PMCID: PMC9381694 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.921452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As COVID-19 disease progresses, the host inflammatory response contributes to hypoxemia and severe and critical illness. In these latter stages of disease, patients may benefit from immunomodulatory therapies to control the aberrant host inflammatory response. In this review, we provide an overview of these therapies and provide summaries of the studies that led to issuance of FDA Emergency Use Authorization or recommendation by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Materials and methods We reviewed English-language studies, Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs), and guidelines from March 2020 to present. Conclusion and relevance There are several therapies with proposed benefit in severe and critical COVID-19 disease. Few have been issued FDA EUA or recommendation by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Physicians should be familiar with the evidence supporting use of these therapies and the patient populations most likely to benefit from each.
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A Retrospective Study of Dexamethasone, Remdesivir, and Baricitinib in Severe COVID-19. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:9209618. [PMID: 35845297 PMCID: PMC9279094 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9209618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose RECOVERY, ACTT-1, and ACTT-2 trials have demonstrated that utilization of dexamethasone, remdesivir, or a combination of remdesivir with baricitinib leads to mortality benefit and faster time to recovery, respectively. However, no studies have investigated the benefit of triple therapy of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and baricitinib. We investigate the benefits of triple therapy compared to dual therapy of dexamethasone with remdesivir in patients with severe COVID-19 on HFNC. Materials and Methods A retrospective data analysis was performed on patients with severe COVID-19 requiring HFNC and evaluated for hospital discharge status, requirement of mechanical ventilation, length of stay, and days on HFNC. Results Among 191 patients with severe COVID-19, 81 patients received dexamethasone, remdesivir, and baricitinib. Patients receiving triple therapy had a significant survival benefit (HR 0.52; P=0.042). Treatment with triple therapy vs. dual therapy also trended towards less requirement of mechanical ventilation (OR 0.66; P=0.26). There was no significant change in length of stay (mean 13.74 vs. 13.31; P=0.74) or days on HFNC (mean 8.95 vs. 7.28 days, P=0.16). Conclusions The use of dexamethasone, remdesivir, and baricitinib in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring HFNC was associated with a significant survival benefit in comparison to dual therapy of dexamethasone with remdesivir.
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Khasawneh RA, Al‐Shatnawi SF, Alhamad H, Kheirallah KA. Perceptions toward the use of over‐the‐counter dietary supplements during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A cross sectional study of the general public in Jordan. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e716. [PMID: 35844824 PMCID: PMC9273937 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Over‐the‐counter (OTC) dietary supplements gained popularity during the COVID‐19 pandemic as a preventive measure. Lack of complete understanding among the general population of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the severity and progression of infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has further encouraged the use of supplements. The present study aimed to assess the perceptions of the general public toward the efficacy and safety of the use of OTC dietary supplements as immune enhancers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The factors impacting these perceptions were also explored. Methods This was an online survey‐based, cross‐sectional study conducted in Jordan over 4 months. A validated survey which comprised 28 questions covering aspects related to the respondents’ demographic characteristics, their perceptions toward the efficacy of OTC dietary supplements and their awareness regarding the safety of popular OTC supplements and healthy dietary habits was used to collect responses. Associations between patient characteristics with perception and awareness were explored. Results A total of 1487 responses were included in the analysis. Ascorbic acid, zinc, and vitamin D were the most popular OTC supplements, as indicated by the percentages of users (48.8%, 38.6%, and 34.6%, respectively). Perceptions toward OTC supplement use were suboptimal, with a reported mean perception score of 27.82 ± 8.56 (range 0–45). The multivariate analysis showed that participants who were of older age (>65 years) (AOR = 6.29, 95% CI = 2.2–17.9), had an income level >1500 (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.80–3.56), and used chronic medications had better perceptions than did younger participants, those with no income, and non‐users of chronic medications, respectively. The mean safety awareness score was 5.36 ± 1.58 (maximum 7), with a significant direct relationship identified between perceptions and safety awareness scores (Spearman's correlation = 0.136, p < 0.001). Conclusion This study highlighted the needs to organize educational campaigns that promote general public perceptions toward the safe use of OTC supplements to enhance immunity during COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawand A. Khasawneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Samah F. Al‐Shatnawi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
| | - Hamza Alhamad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Zarqa University Zarqa Jordan
| | - Khalid A. Kheirallah
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Jordan University of Science and Technology Irbid Jordan
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Ayo Bivigou E, Manomba Boulingui C, Bouraima A, Allognon C, Akagha Konde C, Atsame G, Kinga A, Boguikouma JB, Kouna Ndouongo P, Bouyou Akotet MK. Early Alterations of QTc in Patients with COVID-19 Treated with Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine in Libreville, Gabon. Clin Pract 2022; 12:482-490. [PMID: 35892438 PMCID: PMC9326533 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12040052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine associated with azithromycin on the QTc interval in Gabonese patients treated for COVID-19. METHODS This was an observational study conducted from April to June 2020, at the Libreville University Hospital Center in Gabon. Patients admitted for COVID-19 and treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, each combined with azithromycin were included. The QTc interval was measured upon admission and 48 h after starting treatment. The primary endpoint was QTc prolongation exceeding 60 ms and/or a QTc value exceeding 500 ms at 48 h. RESULTS Data from 224 patients, 102 (45.5%) who received hydroxychloroquine and 122 treated with chloroquine, were analyzed. The median baseline QTc was 396 (369-419) ms. After 48 h of treatment, 50 (22.3%) patients had a significant prolongation of QTc. This tended to be more frequent in patients treated with chloroquine (n = 33; 27.0%) than in those treated with hydroxychloroquine (n = 17; 16.7%) (p = 0.06). QTc prolongation exceeding 60 ms was found in 48 (21.3%) patients, while 11 patients had a (4.9%) QTc exceeding 60 ms at admission and exceeding 500 ms after 48 h. CONCLUSION Early QTc prolongation is frequent in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in association with azithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Ayo Bivigou
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (E.A.B.); (A.B.); (C.A.); (C.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Charlene Manomba Boulingui
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (C.M.B.); (G.A.); (J.B.B.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Aridath Bouraima
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (E.A.B.); (A.B.); (C.A.); (C.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Christian Allognon
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (E.A.B.); (A.B.); (C.A.); (C.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Christelle Akagha Konde
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (E.A.B.); (A.B.); (C.A.); (C.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Gabrielle Atsame
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (C.M.B.); (G.A.); (J.B.B.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Armel Kinga
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (E.A.B.); (A.B.); (C.A.); (C.A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jean B. Boguikouma
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (C.M.B.); (G.A.); (J.B.B.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Philomène Kouna Ndouongo
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Libreville, Libreville P.O. Box 18231, Gabon; (C.M.B.); (G.A.); (J.B.B.); (P.K.N.)
| | - Marielle K. Bouyou Akotet
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université des Sciences de la Santé, Libreville BP 4009, Gabon
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Ahmed Shawki M, Ali Sabri N, Mohamed Ibrahim D, Maged Samady M, Samir Hamza M, Samir Hamza M. "The Impact of Clinical Pharmacist Implemented Education on the Incidence of Prescribing Errors in COVID-19 patients". Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1101-1106. [PMID: 35719834 PMCID: PMC9197561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical pharmacists have a vital role during COVID-19 pandemic in mitigating medication errors, particularly prescribing errors in hospitals. That is owing to the fact that prescribing errors during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the clinical pharmacist on the rate of prescribing errors on COVID-19 patients in a governmental hospital. Methods The study was a pre-post study conducted from March 2020 till September 2020. It included the pre-education phase P0; a retrospective phase where all the prescription for COVID-19 patients were revised by the clinical pharmacy team and prescription errors were extracted. Followed by a one-month period; the clinical pharmacy team prepared educational materials in the form of posters and flyers covering all prescribing errors detected to be delivered to physicians. Then, the post-education phase P1; all prescriptions were monitored by the clinical pharmacy team to assess the rate and types of prescribing errors and the data extracted was compared to that from pre-education phase. Results The number of prescribing errors in P0 phase was 1054 while it was only 148 in P1 Phase. The clinical pharmacy team implemented education phase helped to significantly reduce the prescribing errors from 14.7/1000 patient-days in the P0 phase to 2.56 /1000 patient-days in the P1 phase (p-value <0.001). Conclusion The clinical pharmacist significantly reduced the rate of prescribing errors in patients with COVID-19 which emphasizes the great role of clinical pharmacists' interventions in the optimization of prescribing in these stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Ahmed Shawki
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Ali Sabri
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Maged Samady
- MSc degree of Hospital Management and Logistics, General Manager of New Cairo Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Samir Hamza
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Samir Hamza
- Clinical Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
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Kansal N, Garg P, Singh O. Temperature-Based Topological Indices and QSPR Analysis of COVID-19 Drugs. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2086271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kansal
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pravin Garg
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Omendra Singh
- Department of Mathematics, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Almeida F, Wasim J. The Role of Data-Driven Solutions for SMEs in Responding to COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219877023500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tekale S, Gore V, Kendrekar P, Thore S, Kótai L, Pawar R. COVID-19 Global Pandemic Fight by Drugs: A Mini-Review on Hope and Hype. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x18666210629103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a serious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was firstly identified in the city of Wuhan of
China in December 2019, which then spread and became a global issue due to its high transmission
rate. To date, the outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in infection to 230,868,745 people and the death
of 4,732,669 patients. It has paralyzed the economy of all the countries worldwide. Considering the
possible mutations of SARS-CoV-2, the current medical emergency requires a longer time for drug
design and vaccine development. Drug repurposing is a promising option for potent therapeutics
against the pandemic. The present review encompasses various drugs or appropriate combinations of
already FDA-approved antimalarial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic therapeutic
candidates for use in the clinical trials as a ray of hope against COVID-19. It is expected to deliver
better clinical and laboratory outcomes of drugs as a prevention strategy for the eradication of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Tekale
- Department of Chemistry, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vishnu Gore
- Department of Chemistry, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pravin Kendrekar
- Unit for Drug Discovery Research (UDDR), Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Central University of Technology, Free State (CUT) Private Bag X20539, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Shivaji Thore
- Department of Chemistry, Deogiri College, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
| | - László Kótai
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rajendra Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Chhatrapati College, Cidco, Aurangabad-431005, Maharashtra, India
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Baracaldo-Santamaría D, Pabón-Londoño S, Rojas-Rodriguez LC. Drug safety of frequently used drugs and substances for self-medication in COVID-19. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2022; 13:20420986221094141. [PMID: 35493401 PMCID: PMC9039440 DOI: 10.1177/20420986221094141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the behavior of self-medication has increased. The dissemination of misleading information regarding the efficacy of certain drugs or substances for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 has been the major contributing factor for this phenomenon. Alongside with the increase in self-medication behavior, the inherent risks to this act such as drug-drug interactions, adverse events, drug toxicity, and masking of symptoms have also increased. Self-medication in the context of COVID-19 has led to drug misuse leading in some cases to the development of fatal adverse drug reactions. It is important that during this ongoing pandemic drugs with potential clinical efficacy against COVID-19 are adequately analyzed regarding their efficacy, safety, and monitoring. The aim of this review is to describe the available evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, and monitoring of the drugs and substances that have been shown to be frequently used for self-medication in patients with COVID-19 (hydroxychloroquine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ivermectin, azithromycin, vitamins, aspirin, and chlorine dioxide) to adequately characterize their risks, safe use, monitoring strategies, and to reinforce the concept that these substances should not be used for self-medication and require a medical prescription. Plain Language Summary Drug safety of frequently used drugs and substances for self-medication in COVID-19 Dissemination of information about potential COVID-19 treatments has led individuals to self-medicate and expose themselves to risks such as drug-drug interactions, side effects, antibiotic resistance, and misdiagnosis. There is a need to review the medical literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the drugs and substances commonly used by the population for the treatment and prevention of SARS CoV-2 infection. In this review, we included drugs that are frequently used for self-medication and commonly advertised such as ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, chlorine dioxide, azithromycin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, among others. A brief introduction of the drug and its mechanism of action, followed by a summary of the efficacy in COVID-19 and safety, will be described for each drug in order to promote their responsible use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Baracaldo-Santamaría
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Chikileva I, Shubina I, Burtseva AM, Kirgizov K, Stepanyan N, Varfolomeeva S, Kiselevskiy M. Antiviral Cell Products against COVID-19: Learning Lessons from Previous Research in Anti-Infective Cell-Based Agents. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040868. [PMID: 35453618 PMCID: PMC9027720 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a real challenge for the protective immunity. Some people do not respond to vaccination by acquiring an appropriate immunological memory. The risk groups for this particular infection such as the elderly and people with compromised immunity (cancer patients, pregnant women, etc.) have the most serious problems in developing an adequate immune response. Therefore, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines that are loaded ex vivo with SARS-CoV-2 antigens in the optimal conditions are promising for immunization. Lymphocyte effector cells with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR lymphocytes) are currently used mainly as anti-tumor treatment. Before 2020, few studies on the antiviral CAR lymphocytes were reported, but since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 the number of such studies has increased. The basis for CARs against SARS-CoV-2 were several virus-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. We propose a similar, but basically novel and more universal approach. The extracellular domain of the immunoglobulin G receptors will be used as the CAR receptor domain. The specificity of the CAR will be determined by the antibodies, which it has bound. Therefore, such CAR lymphocytes are highly universal and have functional activity against any infectious agents that have protective antibodies binding to a foreign surface antigen on the infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chikileva
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Irina Shubina
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Anzhelika-Mariia Burtseva
- College of New Materials and Nanotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology “MISiS”, 119049 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Kirill Kirgizov
- Research Institute of Children Oncology and Hematology, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Nara Stepanyan
- Research Institute of Children Oncology and Hematology, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Svetlana Varfolomeeva
- Research Institute of Children Oncology and Hematology, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Mikhail Kiselevskiy
- Research Institute of Experimental Therapy and Diagnostics of Tumor, NN Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (M.K.)
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Francis TV, Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R. Usage of nutritional supplements to improve immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 43:6-19. [PMID: 35466326 PMCID: PMC9015720 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Proper nutrition to optimise immune function is mandatory as at present there is no specific medicine to cure COVID-19. Our study aimed to investigate the use of nutritional supplements and their key immunity enhancing components among Sri Lankans. Methods This current study was an online survey conducted during the period from 27th May to 2nd June 2021 disseminated via various social media platforms. Details were collected on highlighting the frequency and composition of nutritional supplements consumed. Results In a total of 3707 responders, a proportion of 25.5% (944) of the participants took supplements regularly, and 32.6% (1210), 14.5% (538), 27.4% (1015) intake were occasionally, rarely and never respectively. Older participants (>40 years of age) had a significantly higher intake of supplements than the younger counterpart of 31–35 years age group (OR: 0.604; 95% CI, 0.451–0.809; p < 0.001). Almost half (46.0%) took vitamin C supplements and females tend to take more (OR: 1.325; 95% CI, 1.120–1.567; p < 0.001) of vitamin C when compared to males. Comparatively to the other groups regarding monthly income, the participants with the highest income category are more likely to take vitamin D (OR:1.899; 95% CI, 1.034–3.490; p = 0.039) and multivitamin (OR: 3.222; 95% CI, 1.737–5.977; p < 0.001). The most commonly used main ingredient in home-made remedy was coriander in Sri Lanka. Conclusion The use of nutritional supplements and natural products to improve immunity during the pandemic were frequent among Sri Lankan adults. In general, older, female gender and high income was significantly associated with increased intake of the nutrient supplements.
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Hussain A, Hussain A. Computational repurposing of asthma drugs as potential inhibitors of SARS-cov-2 mpro. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 47:100979. [PMID: 35433012 PMCID: PMC8995196 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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