1
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Larson PEZ, Bernard JML, Bankson JA, Bøgh N, Bok RA, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Gordon J, Hövener JB, Laustsen C, Mayer D, McLean MA, Schilling F, Slater J, Vanderheyden JL, von Morze C, Vigneron DB, Xu D. Current methods for hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate MRI human studies. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2204-2228. [PMID: 38441968 PMCID: PMC10997462 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
MRI with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C agents, also known as HP 13C MRI, can measure processes such as localized metabolism that is altered in numerous cancers, liver, heart, kidney diseases, and more. It has been translated into human studies during the past 10 years, with recent rapid growth in studies largely based on increasing availability of HP agent preparation methods suitable for use in humans. This paper aims to capture the current successful practices for HP MRI human studies with [1-13C]pyruvate-by far the most commonly used agent, which sits at a key metabolic junction in glycolysis. The paper is divided into four major topic areas: (1) HP 13C-pyruvate preparation; (2) MRI system setup and calibrations; (3) data acquisition and image reconstruction; and (4) data analysis and quantification. In each area, we identified the key components for a successful study, summarized both published studies and current practices, and discuss evidence gaps, strengths, and limitations. This paper is the output of the "HP 13C MRI Consensus Group" as well as the ISMRM Hyperpolarized Media MR and Hyperpolarized Methods and Equipment study groups. It further aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future consensus, building as the field continues to advance human studies with this metabolic imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder EZ Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering,
University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA
94143, USA
| | - Jenna ML Bernard
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Medical Center,
Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine,
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Charles H Cunningham
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North
Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University
Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 14,
24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- The MR Research Center, Department of Clinical Medicine,
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine,
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School
of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of
Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine,
Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich,
Germany
| | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering,
University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA
94143, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University
of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering,
University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA
94143, USA
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Larson PEZ, Tang S, Liu X, Sinha A, Dwork N, Sivalokanathan S, Liu J, Bok R, Ordovas KG, Slater J, Gordon JW, Abraham MR. Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-pyruvate CMR evaluated in an oral glucose challenge. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:77. [PMID: 38093285 PMCID: PMC10720165 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart has metabolic flexibility, which is influenced by fed/fasting states, and pathologies such as myocardial ischemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-pyruvate MRI is a promising new tool for non-invasive quantification of myocardial glycolytic and Krebs cycle flux. However, human studies of HP 13C-MRI have yet to demonstrate regional quantification of metabolism, which is important in regional ischemia and HCM patients with asymmetric septal/apical hypertrophy. METHODS We developed and applied methods for whole-heart imaging of 13C-pyruvate, 13C-lactate and 13C-bicarbonate, following intravenous administration of [1-13C]-pyruvate. The image acquisition used an autonomous scanning method including bolus tracking, real-time magnetic field calibrations and metabolite-specific imaging. For quantification of metabolism, we evaluated 13C metabolite images, ratio metrics, and pharmacokinetic modeling to provide measurements of myocardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) mediated metabolic conversion in 5 healthy volunteers (fasting & 30 min following oral glucose load). RESULTS We demonstrate whole heart coverage for dynamic measurement of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion via LDH and pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion via PDH at a resolution of 6 × 6 × 21 mm3 (13C-pyruvate) and 12 × 12 × 21 mm3 (13C-lactate, 13C-bicarbonate). 13C-pyruvate and 13C-lactate were detected simultaneously in the RV blood pool, immediately after intravenous injection, reflecting LDH activity in blood. In healthy volunteers, myocardial 13C-pyruvate-SNR, 13C-lactate-SNR, 13C-bicarbonate-SNR, 13C-lactate/pyruvate ratio, 13C-pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL, and 13C-pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion rate, kPB, all had statistically significant increases following oral glucose challenge. kPB, reflecting PDH activity and pyruvate entering the Krebs Cycle, had the highest correlation with blood glucose levels and was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate first-in-human regional quantifications of cardiac metabolism by HP 13C-pyruvate MRI that aims to reflect LDH and PDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Vista.ai, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Avantika Sinha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sanjay Sivalokanathan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Karen G Ordovas
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of CA-San Francisco, 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall Room 102C, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Larson PE, Bernard JM, Bankson JA, Bøgh N, Bok RA, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Gordon J, Hövener JB, Laustsen C, Mayer D, McLean MA, Schilling F, Slater J, Vanderheyden JL, von Morze C, Vigneron DB, Xu D, Group THCMC. Current Methods for Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MRI Human Studies. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2309.04040v2. [PMID: 37731660 PMCID: PMC10508833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
MRI with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C agents, also known as HP 13C MRI, can measure processes such as localized metabolism that is altered in numerous cancers, liver, heart, kidney diseases, and more. It has been translated into human studies during the past 10 years, with recent rapid growth in studies largely based on increasing availability of hyperpolarized agent preparation methods suitable for use in humans. This paper aims to capture the current successful practices for HP MRI human studies with [1-13C]pyruvate - by far the most commonly used agent, which sits at a key metabolic junction in glycolysis. The paper is divided into four major topic areas: (1) HP 13C-pyruvate preparation, (2) MRI system setup and calibrations, (3) data acquisition and image reconstruction, and (4) data analysis and quantification. In each area, we identified the key components for a successful study, summarized both published studies and current practices, and discuss evidence gaps, strengths, and limitations. This paper is the output of the HP 13C MRI Consensus Group as well as the ISMRM Hyperpolarized Media MR and Hyperpolarized Methods & Equipment study groups. It further aims to provide a comprehensive reference for future consensus building as the field continues to advance human studies with this metabolic imaging modality.
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Larson PEZ, Tang S, Liu X, Sinha A, Dwork N, Sivalokanathan S, Liu J, Bok R, Ordovas KG, Slater J, Gordon JW, Abraham MR. Regional quantification of cardiac metabolism with hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-pyruvate MRI evaluated in an oral glucose challenge. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.16.23297052. [PMID: 37904936 PMCID: PMC10615005 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.23297052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The heart has metabolic flexibility, which is influenced by fed/fasting states, and pathologies such as myocardial ischemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-pyruvate MRI is a promising new tool for non-invasive quantification of myocardial glycolytic and Krebs cycle flux. However, human studies of HP 13C-MRI have yet to demonstrate regional quantification of metabolism, which is important in regional ischemia and HCM patients with asymmetric septal/apical hypertrophy. Methods We developed and applied methods for whole-heart imaging of 13C-pyruvate, 13C-lactate and 13C-bicarbonate, following intravenous administration of [1-13C]-pyruvate. The image acquisition used an autonomous scanning method including bolus tracking, real-time magnetic field calibrations and metabolite-specific imaging. For quantification of metabolism, we evaluated 13C metabolite images, ratio metrics, and pharmacokinetic modeling to provide measurements of myocardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) mediated metabolic conversion in 5 healthy volunteers (fasting & 30 min following oral glucose load). Results We demonstrate whole heart coverage for dynamic measurement of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion via LDH and pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion via PDH at a resolution of 6×6×21 mm3 (13C-pyruvate) and 12×12×21 mm3 (13C-lactate, 13C-bicarbonate) . 13C-pyruvate and 13C-lactate were detected simultaneously in the RV blood pool, immediately after intravenous injection, reflecting LDH activity in blood. In healthy volunteers, myocardial 13C-pyruvate-SNR, 13C-lactate-SNR, 13C-bicarbonate-SNR, 13C-lactate/pyruvate ratio, 13C-pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL, and 13C-pyruvate-to-bicarbonate conversion rate, kPB, all had statistically significant increases following oral glucose challenge. kPB, reflecting PDH activity and pyruvate entering the Krebs Cycle, had the highest correlation with blood glucose levels and was statistically significant. Conclusions We demonstrate first-in-human regional quantifications of cardiac metabolism by HP 13C-pyruvate MRI that aims to reflect LDH and PDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Vista.ai, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Avantika Sinha
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicholas Dwork
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Departments of Bioinformatics and Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sanjay Sivalokanathan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Karen G Ordovas
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Department of Medicine - Cardiology Division, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Patel RJS, Harlan CJ, Fuentes DT, Bankson JA. A Simulation of the Effects of Diffusion on Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-Pyruvate Signal Evolution. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:2905-2913. [PMID: 37097803 PMCID: PMC10538435 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3269665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging metabolic imaging method that offers unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution for monitoring tumor metabolism in vivo. To establish robust imaging biomarkers of metabolism, we must characterize phenomena that may modulate the apparent pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate (kPL). Here, we investigate the potential effect of diffusion on pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, as failure to account for diffusion in pharmacokinetic analysis may obscure true intracellular chemical conversion rates. METHODS Changes in hyperpolarized pyruvate and lactate signal were calculated using a finite-difference time domain simulation of a two-dimensional tissue model. Signal evolution curves with intracellular kPL values from 0.02 to 1.00 s-1 were analyzed using spatially invariant one-compartment and two-compartment pharmacokinetic models. A second spatially variant simulation incorporating compartmental instantaneous mixing was fit with the same one-compartment model. RESULTS When fitting with the one-compartment model, apparent kPL underestimated intracellular kPL by approximately 50% at an intracellular kPL of 0.02 s-1. This underestimation increased for larger kPL values. However, fitting the instantaneous mixing curves showed that diffusion accounted for only a small part of this underestimation. Fitting with the two-compartment model yielded more accurate intracellular kPL values. SIGNIFICANCE This work suggests diffusion is not a significant rate-limiting factor in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion given that our model assumptions hold true. In higher order models, diffusion effects may be accounted for by a term characterizing metabolite transport. Pharmacokinetic models used to analyze hyperpolarized pyruvate signal evolution should focus on carefully selecting the analytical model for fitting rather than accounting for diffusion effects.
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Xu Z, Michel KA, Walker CM, Harlan CJ, Martinez GV, Gordon JW, Chen HY, Vigneron DB, Bankson JA. Model-constrained reconstruction accelerated with Fourier-based undersampling for hyperpolarized [1- 13 C] pyruvate imaging. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1481-1495. [PMID: 36468638 PMCID: PMC9892212 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Model-constrained reconstruction with Fourier-based undersampling (MoReFUn) is introduced to accelerate the acquisition of dynamic MRI using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate. METHODS The MoReFUn method resolves spatial aliasing using constraints introduced by a pharmacokinetic model that describes the signal evolution of both pyruvate and lactate. Acceleration was evaluated on three single-channel data sets: a numerical digital phantom that is used to validate the accuracy of reconstruction and model parameter restoration under various SNR and undersampling ratios, prospectively and retrospectively sampled data of an in vitro dynamic multispectral phantom, and retrospectively undersampled imaging data from a prostate cancer patient to test the fidelity of reconstructed metabolite time series. RESULTS All three data sets showed successful reconstruction using MoReFUn. In simulation and retrospective phantom data, the restored time series of pyruvate and lactate maintained the image details, and the mean square residual error of the accelerated reconstruction increased only slightly (< 10%) at a reduction factor up to 8. In prostate data, the quantitative estimation of the conversion-rate constant of pyruvate to lactate was achieved with high accuracy of less than 10% error at a reduction factor of 2 compared with the conversion rate derived from unaccelerated data. CONCLUSION The MoReFUn technique can be used as an effective and reliable imaging acceleration method for metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Xu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Keith A. Michel
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher M. Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Collin J. Harlan
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Gary V. Martinez
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - James A. Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
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Wei Y, Yang C, Jiang H, Li Q, Che F, Wan S, Yao S, Gao F, Zhang T, Wang J, Song B. Multi-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: state of the art and future directions. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:135. [PMID: 35976510 PMCID: PMC9382599 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of heteronuclear fluorine, sodium, phosphorus, and other probes and imaging technologies as well as the optimization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) equipment and sequences, multi-nuclear magnetic resonance (multi-NMR) has enabled localize molecular activities in vivo that are central to a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative pathologies, metabolic diseases, kidney, and tumor, to shift from the traditional morphological imaging to the molecular imaging, precision diagnosis, and treatment mode. However, due to the low natural abundance and low gyromagnetic ratios, the clinical application of multi-NMR has been hampered. Several techniques have been developed to amplify the NMR sensitivity such as the dynamic nuclear polarization, spin-exchange optical pumping, and brute-force polarization. Meanwhile, a wide range of nuclei can be hyperpolarized, such as 2H, 3He, 13C, 15 N, 31P, and 129Xe. The signal can be increased and allows real-time observation of biological perfusion, metabolite transport, and metabolic reactions in vivo, overcoming the disadvantages of conventional magnetic resonance of low sensitivity. HP-NMR imaging of different nuclear substrates provides a unique opportunity and invention to map the metabolic changes in various organs without invasive procedures. This review aims to focus on the recent applications of multi-NMR technology not only in a range of preliminary animal experiments but also in various disease spectrum in human. Furthermore, we will discuss the future challenges and opportunities of this multi-NMR from a clinical perspective, in the hope of truly bridging the gap between cutting-edge molecular biology and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiwei Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Che
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Wan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Yao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical & Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China.
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8
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Can E, Bastiaansen JAM, Couturier DL, Gruetter R, Yoshihara HAI, Comment A. [ 13C]bicarbonate labelled from hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate is an in vivo marker of hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasted state. Commun Biol 2022; 5:10. [PMID: 35013537 PMCID: PMC8748681 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02978-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate enables direct in vivo assessment of real-time liver enzymatic activities by 13C magnetic resonance. However, the technique usually requires the injection of a highly supraphysiological dose of pyruvate. We herein demonstrate that liver metabolism can be measured in vivo with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate administered at two- to three-fold the basal plasma concentration. The flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase, assessed by 13C-labeling of bicarbonate in the fed condition, was found to be saturated or partially inhibited by supraphysiological doses of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. The [13C]bicarbonate signal detected in the liver of fasted rats nearly vanished after treatment with a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) inhibitor, indicating that the signal originates from the flux through PEPCK. In addition, the normalized [13C]bicarbonate signal in fasted untreated animals is dose independent across a 10-fold range, highlighting that PEPCK and pyruvate carboxylase are not saturated and that hepatic gluconeogenesis can be directly probed in vivo with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. Can et al. demonstrate the ability to use hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate at nearphysiological concentrations to directly assess liver enzymatic activities by 13C magnetic resonance. While in the fed state, the normalized [13C]bicarbonate signal produced from hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate derives from PDH activity, which is saturated at supraphysiological doses, it results from PEPCK in the fasted state and is dose-independent, allowing non-invasive in vivo detection of hepatic gluconeogenesis.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Can
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica A M Bastiaansen
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Rolf Gruetter
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hikari A I Yoshihara
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0RE, UK. .,General Electric Healthcare, Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire, HP8 4SP, UK.
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9
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Pudakalakatti S, Raj P, Salzillo TC, Enriquez JS, Bourgeois D, Dutta P, Titus M, Shams S, Bhosale P, Kim M, McAllister F, Bhattacharya PK. Metabolic Imaging Using Hyperpolarization for Assessment of Premalignancy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2435:169-180. [PMID: 34993946 PMCID: PMC9352438 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2014-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for noninvasive surrogate markers that can help identify premalignant lesions across different tumor types. Here we describe the methodology and technical details of protocols employed for in vivo 13C pyruvate metabolic imaging experiments. The goal of the method described is to identify and understand metabolic changes, to enable detection of pancreatic premalignant lesions, as a proof of concept of the high sensitivity of this imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyank Raj
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - José S Enriquez
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dontrey Bourgeois
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shayan Shams
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priya Bhosale
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Abdominal Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florencia McAllister
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Enriquez JS, Chu Y, Pudakalakatti S, Hsieh KL, Salmon D, Dutta P, Millward NZ, Lurie E, Millward S, McAllister F, Maitra A, Sen S, Killary A, Zhang J, Jiang X, Bhattacharya PK, Shams S. Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance and Artificial Intelligence: Frontiers of Imaging in Pancreatic Cancer. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e26601. [PMID: 34137725 PMCID: PMC8277399 DOI: 10.2196/26601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an unmet need for noninvasive imaging markers that can help identify the aggressive subtype(s) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at diagnosis and at an earlier time point, and evaluate the efficacy of therapy prior to tumor reduction. In the past few years, there have been two major developments with potential for a significant impact in establishing imaging biomarkers for PDAC and pancreatic cancer premalignancy: (1) hyperpolarized metabolic (HP)-magnetic resonance (MR), which increases the sensitivity of conventional MR by over 10,000-fold, enabling real-time metabolic measurements; and (2) applications of artificial intelligence (AI). OBJECTIVE Our objective of this review was to discuss these two exciting but independent developments (HP-MR and AI) in the realm of PDAC imaging and detection from the available literature to date. METHODS A systematic review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was performed. Studies addressing the utilization of HP-MR and/or AI for early detection, assessment of aggressiveness, and interrogating the early efficacy of therapy in patients with PDAC cited in recent clinical guidelines were extracted from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The studies were reviewed following predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria, and grouped based on the utilization of HP-MR and/or AI in PDAC diagnosis. RESULTS Part of the goal of this review was to highlight the knowledge gap of early detection in pancreatic cancer by any imaging modality, and to emphasize how AI and HP-MR can address this critical gap. We reviewed every paper published on HP-MR applications in PDAC, including six preclinical studies and one clinical trial. We also reviewed several HP-MR-related articles describing new probes with many functional applications in PDAC. On the AI side, we reviewed all existing papers that met our inclusion criteria on AI applications for evaluating computed tomography (CT) and MR images in PDAC. With the emergence of AI and its unique capability to learn across multimodal data, along with sensitive metabolic imaging using HP-MR, this knowledge gap in PDAC can be adequately addressed. CT is an accessible and widespread imaging modality worldwide as it is affordable; because of this reason alone, most of the data discussed are based on CT imaging datasets. Although there were relatively few MR-related papers included in this review, we believe that with rapid adoption of MR imaging and HP-MR, more clinical data on pancreatic cancer imaging will be available in the near future. CONCLUSIONS Integration of AI, HP-MR, and multimodal imaging information in pancreatic cancer may lead to the development of real-time biomarkers of early detection, assessing aggressiveness, and interrogating early efficacy of therapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- José S Enriquez
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yan Chu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kang Lin Hsieh
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Duncan Salmon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Niki Zacharias Millward
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Eugene Lurie
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Florencia McAllister
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Subrata Sen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ann Killary
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- Division of Computer Science and Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shayan Shams
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Eykyn T, Elliott S, Kuchel P. Extended Bloch-McConnell equations for mechanistic analysis of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance experiments on enzyme systems. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2021; 2:421-446. [PMID: 37904769 PMCID: PMC10539799 DOI: 10.5194/mr-2-421-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe an approach to formulating the kinetic master equations of the time evolution of NMR signals in reacting (bio)chemical systems. Special focus is given to studies that employ signal enhancement (hyperpolarization) methods such as dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) and involving nuclear spin-bearing solutes that undergo reactions mediated by enzymes and membrane transport proteins. We extend the work given in a recent presentation on this topic (Kuchel and Shishmarev, 2020) to now include enzymes with two or more substrates and various enzyme reaction mechanisms as classified by Cleland, with particular reference to non-first-order processes. Using this approach, we can address some pressing questions in the field from a theoretical standpoint. For example, why does binding of a hyperpolarized substrate to an enzyme not cause an appreciable loss of the signal from the substrate or product? Why does the concentration of an unlabelled pool of substrate, for example 12 C lactate, cause an increase in the rate of exchange of the 13 C-labelled pool? To what extent is the equilibrium position of the reaction perturbed during administration of the substrate? The formalism gives a full mechanistic understanding of the time courses derived and is of relevance to ongoing clinical trials using these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's
College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très
Hauts Champs – FRE 2034 Université de Lyon / CNRS / Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1 / ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne,
France
- current address: Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Philip W. Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney,
Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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12
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Larson PEZ, Gordon JW. Hyperpolarized Metabolic MRI-Acquisition, Reconstruction, and Analysis Methods. Metabolites 2021; 11:386. [PMID: 34198574 PMCID: PMC8231874 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized metabolic MRI with 13C-labeled agents has emerged as a powerful technique for in vivo assessments of real-time metabolism that can be used across scales of cells, tissue slices, animal models, and human subjects. Hyperpolarized contrast agents have unique properties compared to conventional MRI scanning and MRI contrast agents that require specialized imaging methods. Hyperpolarized contrast agents have a limited amount of available signal, irreversible decay back to thermal equilibrium, bolus injection and perfusion kinetics, cellular uptake and metabolic conversion kinetics, and frequency shifts between metabolites. This article describes state-of-the-art methods for hyperpolarized metabolic MRI, summarizing data acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis methods in order to guide the design and execution of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder Eric Zufall Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
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13
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Perkons NR, Johnson O, Pilla G, Gade TPF. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]-pyruvate in a translational oncologic model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4502. [PMID: 33772910 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate in a translational cancer model in order to inform the application of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) as a tool for imaging liver cancer. Intratumoral metabolism within autochthonous hepatocellular carcinomas in male Wistar rats was analyzed by MRSI following hyperpolarized [1-13 C]-pyruvate injections with 80 mM (low dose [LD]) or 160 mM (high dose [HD]) pyruvate. Rats received (i) LD followed by HD injection, (ii) sequential LD injections with or without an interposed lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDHi) injection, or (iii) a single LD injection. A subset of rats in (ii) were sacrificed immediately after imaging, permitting measurement of active LDH concentrations in tumor extracts. Urine and serum were collected before and after injections for rats in (iii). Comparison of LD and HD injections confirmed concentration-dependent variation of intratumoral metabolite fractions and intermetabolite ratios. In addition, quantification of the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition with intermetabolite ratios correlating with active LDH concentrations in tumor extracts. Finally, comparison of pre- and post-DNP urine collections revealed that pyruvate and the radical source are renally excreted after injection. These data demonstrate that DNP-MRSI facilitates real-time quantification of intratumoral metabolism that is repeatable and reflective of intracellular processes. A translational model system confirmed that interpretation requires consideration of probe dose, administration frequency and excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Perkons
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Omar Johnson
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabrielle Pilla
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Terence P F Gade
- Penn Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Wen Y, Qi H, Østergaard Mariager C, Mose Nielsen P, Bonde Bertelsen L, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:5-13. [PMID: 32280745 PMCID: PMC7138520 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic sex differences have recently been shown to be particularly important in tailoring treatment strategies. Sex has a major effect on fat turnover rates and plasma lipid delivery in the body. Differences in kidney structure and transporters between male and female animals have been found. Here we investigated sex-specific renal pyruvate metabolic flux and whole-kidney functional status in age-matched healthy Wistar rats. Blood oxygenation level–dependent and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess functional status. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was used to assess the metabolic differences between male and female rats. Female rats had a 41% ± 3% and 41% ± 5% lower absolute body and kidney weight, respectively, than age-matched male rats. No difference was seen between age-matched male and female rats in the kidney-to-body weight ratio. A 56% ± 11% lower lactate production per mL/100 mL/min was found in female rats than in age-matched male rats measured by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and DCE MRI. Female rats had a 33% ± 11% higher glomerular filtration rate than age-matched male rats measured by DCE MRI. A similar renal oxygen tension (T2*) was found between age-matched male and female rats as shown by blood oxygenation level–dependent MRI. The results were largely independent of the pyruvate volume and the difference in body weight. This study shows an existing metabolic difference between kidneys in age-matched male and female rats, which indicates that sex differences need to be considered when performing animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
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15
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Oshima N, Ishida R, Kishimoto S, Beebe K, Brender JR, Yamamoto K, Urban D, Rai G, Johnson MS, Benavides G, Squadrito GL, Crooks D, Jackson J, Joshi A, Mott BT, Shrimp JH, Moses MA, Lee MJ, Yuno A, Lee TD, Hu X, Anderson T, Kusewitt D, Hathaway HH, Jadhav A, Picard D, Trepel JB, Mitchell JB, Stott GM, Moore W, Simeonov A, Sklar LA, Norenberg JP, Linehan WM, Maloney DJ, Dang CV, Waterson AG, Hall M, Darley-Usmar VM, Krishna MC, Neckers LM. Dynamic Imaging of LDH Inhibition in Tumors Reveals Rapid In Vivo Metabolic Rewiring and Vulnerability to Combination Therapy. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1798-1810.e4. [PMID: 32049011 PMCID: PMC7039685 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliance of many cancers on aerobic glycolysis has stimulated efforts to develop lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors. However, despite significant efforts, LDH inhibitors (LDHi) with sufficient specificity and in vivo activity to determine whether LDH is a feasible drug target are lacking. We describe an LDHi with potent, on-target, in vivo activity. Using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (HP-MRSI), we demonstrate in vivo LDH inhibition in two glycolytic cancer models, MIA PaCa-2 and HT29, and we correlate depth and duration of LDH inhibition with direct anti-tumor activity. HP-MRSI also reveals a metabolic rewiring that occurs in vivo within 30 min of LDH inhibition, wherein pyruvate in a tumor is redirected toward mitochondrial metabolism. Using HP-MRSI, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial complex 1 rapidly redirects tumor pyruvate toward lactate. Inhibition of both mitochondrial complex 1 and LDH suppresses metabolic plasticity, causing metabolic quiescence in vitro and tumor growth inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobu Oshima
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryo Ishida
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin Beebe
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Urban
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gloria Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Giuseppe L Squadrito
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Dan Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Jackson
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Abhinav Joshi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bryan T Mott
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shrimp
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael A Moses
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Min-Jung Lee
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Akira Yuno
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tobie D Lee
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Tamara Anderson
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Donna Kusewitt
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Helen H Hathaway
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Didier Picard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James B Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gordon M Stott
- Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 24060, USA
| | - William Moore
- Leidos Biomedical, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 24060, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Maloney
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Matthew Hall
- Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Victor M Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH. Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance With Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Principles and Applications. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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17
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van Heijster FH, Heskamp S, Breukels V, Veltien A, Franssen GM, Jansen K(C, Boerman OC, Schalken JA, Scheenen TW, Heerschap A. Pyruvate-lactate exchange and glucose uptake in human prostate cancer cell models. A study in xenografts and suspensions by hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate MRS and [ 18 F]FDG-PET. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4362. [PMID: 32662543 PMCID: PMC7507209 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism in the development of prostate cancer can be exploited for a better diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The goal of this study was to determine whether differences in glucose and pyruvate metabolism of human prostate cancer cells with dissimilar aggressivenesses can be detected using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRS and [18 F]FDG-PET imaging, and to evaluate whether these measures correlate. For this purpose, we compared murine xenografts of human prostate cancer LNCaP cells with those of more aggressive PC3 cells. [1-13 C]pyruvate was hyperpolarized by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) and [1-13 C]pyruvate to lactate conversion was followed by 13 C MRS. Subsequently [18 F]FDG uptake was investigated by static and dynamic PET measurements. Standard uptake values (SUVs) for [18 F]FDG were significantly higher for xenografts of PC3 compared with those of LNCaP. However, we did not observe a difference in the average apparent rate constant kpl of 13 C label exchange from pyruvate to lactate between the tumor variants. A significant negative correlation was found between SUVs from [18 F]FDG PET measurements and kpl values for the xenografts of both tumor types. The kpl rate constant may be influenced by various factors, and studies with a range of prostate cancer cells in suspension suggest that LDH inhibition by pyruvate may be one of these. Our results indicate that glucose and pyruvate metabolism in the prostate cancer cell models differs from that in other tumor models and that [18 F]FDG-PET can serve as a valuable complementary tool in dDNP studies of aggressive prostate cancer with [1-13 C]pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits H.A. van Heijster
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincent Breukels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Andor Veltien
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerben M. Franssen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Otto C. Boerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jack A. Schalken
- Department of UrologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Tom W.J. Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
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18
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Walker CM, Gordon JW, Xu Z, Michel KA, Li L, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Bankson JA. Slice profile effects on quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4373. [PMID: 32743881 PMCID: PMC7484340 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging of hyperpolarized pyruvate provides a new imaging biomarker for cancer metabolism, based on the dynamic in vivo conversion of hyperpolarized pyruvate to lactate. Methods for quantification of signal evolution need to be robust and reproducible across a range of experimental conditions. Pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic spectroscopic imaging data from hyperpolarized pyruvate and its metabolites generally assumes that signal arises from ideal rectangular slice excitation profiles. In this study, we examined whether this assumption could lead to bias in kinetic analysis of hyperpolarized pyruvate and, if so, whether such a bias can be corrected. A Bloch-McConnell simulator was used to generate synthetic data using a known set of "ground truth" pharmacokinetic parameter values. Signal evolution was then analyzed using analysis software that either assumed a uniform slice profile, or incorporated information about the slice profile into the analysis. To correct for slice profile effects, the expected slice profile was subdivided into multiple sub-slices to account for variable excitation angles along the slice dimension. An ensemble of sub-slices was then used to fit the measured signal evolution. A mismatch between slice profiles used for data acquisition and those assumed during kinetic analysis was identified as a source of quantification bias. Results indicate that imperfect slice profiles preferentially increase detected lactate signal, leading to an overestimation of the apparent metabolic exchange rate. The slice profile-correction algorithm was tested in simulation, in phantom measurements, and applied to data acquired from a patient with prostate cancer. The results demonstrated that slice profile-induced biases can be minimized by accounting for the slice profile during pharmacokinetic analysis. This algorithm can be used to correct data from either single or multislice acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Keith A. Michel
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James A. Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX
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19
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Early Detection of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias (PanINs) in Transgenic Mouse Model by Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103722. [PMID: 32466260 PMCID: PMC7279395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While pancreatic cancer (PC) survival rates have recently shown modest improvement, the disease remains largely incurable. Early detection of pancreatic cancer may result in improved outcomes and therefore, methods for early detection of cancer, even premalignant lesions, may provide more favorable outcomes. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) have been identified as premalignant precursor lesions to pancreatic cancer. However, conventional imaging methods used for screening high-risk populations do not have the sensitivity to detect PanINs. Here, we have employed hyperpolarized metabolic imaging in vivo and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics ex vivo to identify and understand metabolic changes, towards enabling detection of early PanINs and progression to advanced PanINs lesions that precede pancreatic cancer formation. Progression of disease from tissue containing predominantly low-grade PanINs to tissue with high-grade PanINs showed a decreasing alanine/lactate ratio from high-resolution NMR metabolomics ex vivo. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP-MRS) allows over 10,000-fold sensitivity enhancement relative to conventional magnetic resonance. Real-time HP-MRS was employed to measure non-invasively changes of alanine and lactate metabolites with disease progression and in control mice in vivo, following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate. The alanine-to-lactate signal intensity ratio was found to decrease as the disease progressed from low-grade PanINs to high-grade PanINs. The biochemical changes of alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity were assessed. These results demonstrate that there are significant alterations of ALT and LDH activities during the transformation from early to advanced PanINs lesions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that real-time conversion kinetic rate constants (kPA and kPL) can be used as metabolic imaging biomarkers of pancreatic premalignant lesions. Findings from this emerging HP-MRS technique can be translated to the clinic for detection of pancreatic premalignant lesion in high-risk populations.
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20
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Sudalagunta P, Silva MC, Canevarolo RR, Alugubelli RR, DeAvila G, Tungesvik A, Perez L, Gatenby R, Gillies R, Baz R, Meads MB, Shain KH, Silva AS. A pharmacodynamic model of clinical synergy in multiple myeloma. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102716. [PMID: 32268267 PMCID: PMC7136599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiagent therapies, due to their ability to delay or overcome resistance, are a hallmark of treatment in multiple myeloma (MM). The growing number of therapeutic options in MM requires high-throughput combination screening tools to better allocate treatment, and facilitate personalized therapy. METHODS A second-order drug response model was employed to fit patient-specific ex vivo responses of 203 MM patients to single-agent models. A novel pharmacodynamic model, developed to account for two-way combination effects, was tested with 130 two-drug combinations. We have demonstrated that this model is sufficiently parameterized by single-agent and fixed-ratio combination responses, by validating model estimates with ex vivo combination responses for different concentration ratios, using a checkerboard assay. This new model reconciles ex vivo observations from both Loewe and BLISS synergy models, by accounting for the dimension of time, as opposed to focusing on arbitrary time-points or drug effect. Clinical outcomes of patients were simulated by coupling patient-specific drug combination models with pharmacokinetic data. FINDINGS Combination screening showed 1 in 5 combinations (21.43% by LD50, 18.42% by AUC) were synergistic ex vivo with statistical significance (P < 0.05), but clinical synergy was predicted for only 1 in 10 combinations (8.69%), which was attributed to the role of pharmacokinetics and dosing schedules. INTERPRETATION The proposed framework can inform clinical decisions from ex vivo observations, thus providing a path toward personalized therapy using combination regimens. FUNDING This research was funded by the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center Physical Sciences in Oncology (PSOC) Grant (1U54CA193489-01A1) and by H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center's Team Science Grant. This work has been supported in part by the PSOC Pilot Project Award (5U54CA193489-04), the Translational Research Core Facility at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, an NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30-CA076292), the Pentecost Family Foundation, and Miles for Moffitt Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Sudalagunta
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr, SRB 4th 24011, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Maria C Silva
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr, SRB 4th 24011, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rafael R Canevarolo
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr, SRB 4th 24011, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Raghunandan Reddy Alugubelli
- Department of Collaborative Data Services Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Gabriel DeAvila
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexandre Tungesvik
- Department of Internal Medicine, USF Health Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Lia Perez
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr, SRB 4th 24011, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rachid Baz
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mark B Meads
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth H Shain
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Ariosto S Silva
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Dr, SRB 4th 24011, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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21
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Song JE, Shin J, Lee H, Choi YS, Song HT, Kim DH. Dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopic imaging using SPICE in mouse kidney at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4230. [PMID: 31856426 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using the SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation (SPICE) technique and an estimation of the spatially resolved conversion constant rate (kpl ). An acquisition scheme comprising a single training dataset and several imaging datasets was proposed considering hyperpolarized 13 C circumstances. The feasibility and advantage of the scheme were investigated in two parts: (a) consistency of spectral basis over time and (b) accuracy of the estimated kpl . The simulations and in vivo experiments support accurate kpl estimation with consistent spectral bases. The proposed method was implemented in an enzyme phantom and via in vivo experiments. In the enzyme phantom experiments, spatially resolved homogeneous kpl maps were observed. In the in vivo experiments, normal diet (ND) mice and high-fat diet (HFD) mice had kpl (s-1 ) values of medullar (ND: 0.0119 ± 0.0022, HFD: 0.0195 ± 0.0005) and cortical (ND: 0.0148 ±0.0023, HFD: 0.0224 ±0.0054) regions which were higher than vascular (ND: 0.0087 ±0.0013, HFD: 0.0132 ±0.0050) regions. In particular, the kpl value in the medullar region exhibited a significant difference between the two diet groups. In summary, the feasibility of using modified SPICE for dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI was demonstrated via simulations and in vivo experiments. The consistency of spectral bases over time and the accuracy of the estimated kpl values validate the proposed acquisition scheme, which comprises only a single training dataset. The proposed method improved the spatial resolution of dynamic hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI, which could be used for kpl estimation using high signal-to-noise ratio spectral bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Song
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewook Shin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Suk Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Taek Song
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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22
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Mammoli D, Gordon J, Autry A, Larson PEZ, Li Y, Chen HY, Chung B, Shin P, Van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Slater JB, Bok R, Crane J, Xu D, Chang S, Vigneron DB. Kinetic Modeling of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Pyruvate Metabolism in the Human Brain. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:320-327. [PMID: 31283497 PMCID: PMC6939147 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2926437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic modeling of the in vivo pyruvate-to-lactate conversion is crucial to investigating aberrant cancer metabolism that demonstrates Warburg effect modifications. Non-invasive detection of alterations to metabolic flux might offer prognostic value and improve the monitoring of response to treatment. In this clinical research project, hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate was intravenously injected in a total of 10 brain tumor patients to measure its rate of conversion to lactate ( kPL ) and bicarbonate ( kPB ) via echo-planar imaging. Our aim was to investigate new methods to provide kPL and kPB maps with whole-brain coverage. The approach was data-driven and addressed two main issues: selecting the optimal model for fitting our data and determining an appropriate goodness-of-fit metric. The statistical analysis suggested that an input-less model had the best agreement with the data. It was also found that selecting voxels based on post-fitting error criteria provided improved precision and wider spatial coverage compared to using signal-to-noise cutoffs alone.
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23
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von Morze C, Merritt ME. Cancer in the crosshairs: targeting cancer metabolism with hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI technology. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e3937. [PMID: 29870085 PMCID: PMC6281789 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR)-based hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C metabolic imaging is under active pursuit as a new clinical diagnostic method for cancer detection, grading, and monitoring of therapeutic response. Following the tremendous success of metabolic imaging by positron emission tomography, which already plays major roles in clinical oncology, the added value of HP 13 C MRI is emerging. Aberrant glycolysis and central carbon metabolism is a hallmark of many forms of cancer. The chemical transformations associated with these pathways produce metabolites ranging in general from three to six carbons, and are dependent on the redox state and energy charge of the tissue. The significant changes in chemistry associated with flux through these pathways imply that HP imaging can take advantage of the underlying chemical shift information encoded into an MR experiment to produce images of the injected substrate as well as its metabolites. However, imaging of HP metabolites poses unique constraints on pulse sequence design related to detection of X-nuclei, decay of the HP magnetization due to T1 , and the consumption of HP signal by the inspection pulses. Advancements in the field continue to depend critically on customization of MRI systems and pulse sequences for optimized detection of HP 13 C signals, focused largely on extracting the maximum amount of information during the short lifetime of the HP magnetization. From a clinical perspective, the success of HP 13 C MRI of cancer will largely depend upon the utility of HP pyruvate for the detection of lactate pools associated with the Warburg effect, though several other agents are also under investigation, with novel agents continually being formulated. In this review, the salient aspects of HP 13 C imaging will be highlighted, with an emphasis on both technological challenges and the biochemical aspects of HP experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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24
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Kishimoto S, Brender JR, Crooks DR, Matsumoto S, Seki T, Oshima N, Merkle H, Lin P, Reed G, Chen AP, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Munasinghe J, Saito K, Yamamoto K, Choyke PL, Mitchell J, Lane AN, Fan TWM, Linehan WM, Krishna MC. Imaging of glucose metabolism by 13C-MRI distinguishes pancreatic cancer subtypes in mice. eLife 2019; 8:e46312. [PMID: 31408004 PMCID: PMC6706239 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic differences among and within tumors can be an important determinant in cancer treatment outcome. However, methods for determining these differences non-invasively in vivo is lacking. Using pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as a model, we demonstrate that tumor xenografts with a similar genetic background can be distinguished by their differing rates of the metabolism of 13C labeled glucose tracers, which can be imaged without hyperpolarization by using newly developed techniques for noise suppression. Using this method, cancer subtypes that appeared to have similar metabolic profiles based on steady state metabolic measurement can be distinguished from each other. The metabolic maps from 13C-glucose imaging localized lactate production and overall glucose metabolism to different regions of some tumors. Such tumor heterogeneity would not be not detectable in FDG-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kishimoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jeffrey R Brender
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel R Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Division of Bioengineering and BioinformaticsHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
- JST, PRESTSaitamaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Seki
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Nobu Oshima
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | | | - Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | | | | | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- GE HealthCareChicagoUnited States
- Department of Electrical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkKongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Keita Saito
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kazutoshi Yamamoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - James Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - Teresa WM Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Murali C Krishna
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer ResearchNCI, NIHBethesdaUnited States
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25
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Zacharias N, Lee J, Ramachandran S, Shanmugavelandy S, McHenry J, Dutta P, Millward S, Gammon S, Efstathiou E, Troncoso P, Frigo DE, Piwnica-Worms D, Logothetis CJ, Maity SN, Titus MA, Bhattacharya P. Androgen Receptor Signaling in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Alters Hyperpolarized Pyruvate to Lactate Conversion and Lactate Levels In Vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:86-94. [PMID: 29748904 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen receptor (AR) signaling affects prostate cancer (PCa) growth, metabolism, and progression. Often, PCa progresses from androgen-sensitive to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) following androgen-deprivation therapy. Clinicopathologic and genomic characterizations of CRPC tumors lead to subdividing CRPC into two subtypes: (1) AR-dependent CRPC containing dysregulation of AR signaling alterations in AR such as amplification, point mutations, and/or generation of splice variants in the AR gene; and (2) an aggressive variant PCa (AVPC) subtype that is phenotypically similar to small cell prostate cancer and is defined by chemotherapy sensitivity, gain of neuroendocrine or pro-neural marker expression, loss of AR expression, and combined alterations of PTEN, TP53, and RB1 tumor suppressors. Previously, we reported patient-derived xenograft (PDX) animal models that contain characteristics of these CRPC subtypes. In this study, we have employed the PDX models to test metabolic alterations in the CRPC subtypes. PROCEDURES Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis along with in vivo hyperpolarized 1-[13C]pyruvate spectroscopy experiments were performed on prostate PDX animal models. RESULTS Using hyperpolarized 1-[13C]pyruvate conversion to 1-[13C]lactate in vivo as well as lactate measurements ex vivo, we have found increased lactate production in AR-dependent CRPC PDX models even under low-hormone levels (castrated mouse) compared to AR-negative AVPC PDX models. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis underscores the potential of hyperpolarized metabolic imaging in determining the underlying biology and in vivo phenotyping of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Zacharias
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Sumankalai Ramachandran
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sriram Shanmugavelandy
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - James McHenry
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Steven Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Seth Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sankar N Maity
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark A Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1907, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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26
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Le Page LM, Rider OJ, Lewis AJ, Noden V, Kerr M, Giles L, Ambrose LJ, Ball V, Mansor L, Heather LC, Tyler DJ. Assessing the effect of hypoxia on cardiac metabolism using hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4099. [PMID: 31090979 PMCID: PMC6619452 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia plays a role in many diseases and can have a wide range of effects on cardiac metabolism depending on the extent of the hypoxic insult. Noninvasive imaging methods could shed valuable light on the metabolic effects of hypoxia on the heart in vivo. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HP 13 C MRS) in particular is an exciting technique for imaging metabolism that could provide such information. The aim of our work was, therefore, to establish whether hyperpolarized 13 C MRS can be used to assess the in vivo heart's metabolism of pyruvate in response to systemic acute and chronic hypoxic exposure. Groups of healthy male Wistar rats were exposed to either acute (30 minutes), 1 week or 3 weeks of hypoxia. In vivo MRS of hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate was carried out along with assessments of physiological parameters and ejection fraction. Hematocrit was elevated after 1 week and 3 weeks of hypoxia. 30 minutes of hypoxia resulted in a significant reduction in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) flux, whereas 1 or 3 weeks of hypoxia resulted in a PDH flux that was not different to normoxic animals. Conversion of hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate into [1-13 C] lactate was elevated following acute hypoxia, suggestive of enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. Elevated HP pyruvate to lactate conversion was also seen at the one week timepoint, in concert with an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression. Following three weeks of hypoxic exposure, cardiac metabolism of pyruvate was comparable with that observed in normoxia. We have successfully visualized the effects of systemic hypoxia on cardiac metabolism of pyruvate using hyperpolarized 13 C MRS, with differences observed following 30 minutes and 1 week of hypoxia. This demonstrates the potential of in vivo hyperpolarized 13 C MRS data for assessing the cardiometabolic effects of hypoxia in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M. Le Page
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoUSA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Oliver J. Rider
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Andrew J. Lewis
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Victoria Noden
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Matthew Kerr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lucia Giles
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lucy J.A. Ambrose
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Latt Mansor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lisa C. Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Damian J. Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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27
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Chen HY, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Cao P, von Morze C, van Criekinge M, Milshteyn E, Carvajal L, Hurd RE, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Larson PE. Pulse sequence considerations for quantification of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion k PL in hyperpolarized 13 C imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4052. [PMID: 30664305 PMCID: PMC6380928 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13 C MRI takes advantage of the unprecedented 50 000-fold signal-to-noise ratio enhancement to interrogate cancer metabolism in patients and animals. It can measure the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL , a metabolic biomarker of cancer aggressiveness and progression. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate kPL reliably. In this study, three sequence components and parameters that modulate kPL estimation were identified and investigated in model simulations and through in vivo animal studies using several specifically designed pulse sequences. These factors included a magnetization spoiling effect due to RF pulses, a crusher gradient-induced flow suppression, and intrinsic image weightings due to relaxation. Simulation showed that the RF-induced magnetization spoiling can be substantially improved using an inputless kPL fitting. In vivo studies found a significantly higher apparent kPL with an additional gradient that leads to flow suppression (kPL,FID-Delay,Crush /kPL,FID-Delay = 1.37 ± 0.33, P < 0.01, N = 6), which agrees with simulation outcomes (12.5% kPL error with Δv = 40 cm/s), indicating that the gradients predominantly suppressed flowing pyruvate spins. Significantly lower kPL was found using a delayed free induction decay (FID) acquisition versus a minimum-TE version (kPL,FID-Delay /kPL,FID = 0.67 ± 0.09, P < 0.01, N = 5), and the lactate peak had broader linewidth than pyruvate (Δωlactate /Δωpyruvate = 1.32 ± 0.07, P < 0.000 01, N = 13). This illustrated that lactate's T2 *, shorter than that of pyruvate, can affect calculated kPL values. We also found that an FID sequence yielded significantly lower kPL versus a double spin-echo sequence that includes spin-echo spoiling, flow suppression from crusher gradients, and more T2 weighting (kPL,DSE /kPL,FID = 2.40 ± 0.98, P < 0.0001, N = 7). In summary, the pulse sequence, as well as its interaction with pharmacokinetics and the tissue microenvironment, can impact and be optimized for the measurement of kPL . The data acquisition and analysis pipelines can work synergistically to provide more robust and reproducible kPL measures for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Mark van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ralph E. Hurd
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, California, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Peder E.Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
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28
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Kirpich A, Ragavan M, Bankson JA, McIntyre LM, Merritt ME. Kinetic Analysis of Hepatic Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized Dihydroxyacetone. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:605-614. [PMID: 30602117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance (HP-MR) is a new metabolic imaging method the does not use ionizing radiation. Due to the inherent chemical specificity of MR, not only tracer uptake but also downstream metabolism of the agent is detected in a straightforward manner. HP [2-13C] dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is a promising new agent that directly interrogates hepatic glucose metabolism. DHA has three metabolic fates in the liver: glucose production, glycerol production and potential inclusion into triglycerides, and oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Each pathway is regulated by flux through multiple enzymes. Using Duhamel's formula, the kinetics of DHA metabolism is modeled, resulting in estimates of specific reaction rate constants. The multiple enzymatic steps that control DHA metabolism make more simplified methods for extracting kinetic data less than satisfactory. The described modeling paradigm effectively identifies changes in metabolism between gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic models of hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kirpich
- Department of Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Informatics Institute , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Mukundan Ragavan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Lauren M McIntyre
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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29
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Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Bankson JA, Brindle K, Cunningham CH, Gallagher FA, Keshari KR, Kjaer A, Laustsen C, Mankoff DA, Merritt ME, Nelson SJ, Pauly JM, Lee P, Ronen S, Tyler DJ, Rajan SS, Spielman DM, Wald L, Zhang X, Malloy CR, Rizi R. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: Path to Clinical Translation in Oncology. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1-16. [PMID: 30472500 PMCID: PMC6260457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This white paper discusses prospects for advancing hyperpolarization technology to better understand cancer metabolism, identify current obstacles to HP (hyperpolarized) 13C magnetic resonance imaging's (MRI's) widespread clinical use, and provide recommendations for overcoming them. Since the publication of the first NIH white paper on hyperpolarized 13C MRI in 2011, preclinical studies involving [1-13C]pyruvate as well a number of other 13C labeled metabolic substrates have demonstrated this technology's capacity to provide unique metabolic information. A dose-ranging study of HP [1-13C]pyruvate in patients with prostate cancer established safety and feasibility of this technique. Additional studies are ongoing in prostate, brain, breast, liver, cervical, and ovarian cancer. Technology for generating and delivering hyperpolarized agents has evolved, and new MR data acquisition sequences and improved MRI hardware have been developed. It will be important to continue investigation and development of existing and new probes in animal models. Improved polarization technology, efficient radiofrequency coils, and reliable pulse sequences are all important objectives to enable exploration of the technology in healthy control subjects and patient populations. It will be critical to determine how HP 13C MRI might fill existing needs in current clinical research and practice, and complement existing metabolic imaging modalities. Financial sponsorship and integration of academia, industry, and government efforts will be important factors in translating the technology for clinical research in oncology. This white paper is intended to provide recommendations with this goal in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Brindle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, New York, USA
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David A Mankoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Pauly
- Department of Electric Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | - Philips Lee
- Functional Metabolism Group, Singapore Biomedical Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Sabrina Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sunder S Rajan
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), FDA, White Oak, MD, USA
| | - Daniel M Spielman
- Departments of Radiology and Electric Engineering, Stanford University, USA
| | - Lawrence Wald
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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30
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Kjærgaard U, Laustsen C, Nørlinger T, Tougaard RS, Mikkelsen E, Qi H, Bertelsen LB, Jessen N, Stødkilde‐Jørgensen H. Hyperpolarized [1- 13 C] pyruvate as a possible diagnostic tool in liver disease. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13943. [PMID: 30548433 PMCID: PMC6289910 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance in preclinical studies and lately translation to patients provides new detailed in vivo information of metabolic flux in organs. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance based on 13 C enriched pyruvate is performed without ionizing radiation and allows quantification of the pyruvate conversion products: alanine, lactate and bicarbonate in real time. Thus, this methodology has a promising potential for in vivo monitoring of energetic alterations in hepatic diseases. Using 13 C pyruvate, we investigated the metabolism in the porcine liver before and after intravenous injection of glucose. The overall mean lactate to pyruvate ratio increased significantly after the injection of glucose whereas the bicarbonate to pyruvate ratio was unaffected, representative of the levels of pyruvate entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Similarly, alanine to pyruvate ratio did not change. The increased lactate to pyruvate ratio over time showed an exponential correlation with insulin, glucagon and free fatty acids. Together, these data, obtained by hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by blood sampling, indicate a hepatic metabolic shift in glucose utilization following a glucose challenge. Our findings demonstrate the capacity of hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying hepatic substrate metabolism in accordance with well-known physiological processes. When combined with concentration of blood insulin, glucagon and free fatty acids in the blood, the results indicate the potential of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a future clinical method for quantification of hepatic substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Kjærgaard
- MR Research CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | | | | | - Rasmus S. Tougaard
- MR Research CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
- Department of CardiologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research CentreAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Niels Jessen
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
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31
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Larson PEZ, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Korn N, Maidens J, Arcak M, Tang S, Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Mammoli D, Bok R, Aggarwal R, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Investigation of analysis methods for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate metabolic MRI in prostate cancer patients. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018. [PMID: 30230646 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3997e3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
MRI using hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 pyruvate is being investigated in clinical trials to provide non-invasive measurements of metabolism for cancer and cardiac imaging. In this project, we applied HP [1-13 C]pyruvate dynamic MRI in prostate cancer to measure the conversion from pyruvate to lactate, which is expected to increase in aggressive cancers. The goal of this work was to develop and test analysis methods for improved quantification of this metabolic conversion. In this work, we compared specialized kinetic modeling methods to estimate the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL , as well as the lactate-to-pyruvate area-under-curve (AUC) ratio. The kinetic modeling included an "inputless" method requiring no assumptions regarding the input function, as well as a method incorporating bolus characteristics in the fitting. These were first evaluated with simulated data designed to match human prostate data, where we examined the expected sensitivity of metabolism quantification to variations in kPL , signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bolus characteristics, relaxation rates, and B1 variability. They were then applied to 17 prostate cancer patient datasets. The simulations indicated that the inputless method with fixed relaxation rates provided high expected accuracy with no sensitivity to bolus characteristics. The AUC ratio showed an undesired strong sensitivity to bolus variations. Fitting the input function as well did not improve accuracy over the inputless method. In vivo results showed qualitatively accurate kPL maps with inputless fitting. The AUC ratio was sensitive to bolus delivery variations. Fitting with the input function showed high variability in parameter maps. Overall, we found the inputless kPL fitting method to be a simple, robust approach for quantification of metabolic conversion following HP [1-13 C]pyruvate injection in human prostate cancer studies. This study also provided initial ranges of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate parameters (SNR, kPL , bolus characteristics) in the human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Natalie Korn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Maidens
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Murat Arcak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniele Mammoli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
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32
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Larson PEZ, Chen HY, Gordon JW, Korn N, Maidens J, Arcak M, Tang S, Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Mammoli D, Bok R, Aggarwal R, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Investigation of analysis methods for hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate metabolic MRI in prostate cancer patients. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3997. [PMID: 30230646 PMCID: PMC6392436 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MRI using hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 pyruvate is being investigated in clinical trials to provide non-invasive measurements of metabolism for cancer and cardiac imaging. In this project, we applied HP [1-13 C]pyruvate dynamic MRI in prostate cancer to measure the conversion from pyruvate to lactate, which is expected to increase in aggressive cancers. The goal of this work was to develop and test analysis methods for improved quantification of this metabolic conversion. In this work, we compared specialized kinetic modeling methods to estimate the pyruvate-to-lactate conversion rate, kPL , as well as the lactate-to-pyruvate area-under-curve (AUC) ratio. The kinetic modeling included an "inputless" method requiring no assumptions regarding the input function, as well as a method incorporating bolus characteristics in the fitting. These were first evaluated with simulated data designed to match human prostate data, where we examined the expected sensitivity of metabolism quantification to variations in kPL , signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bolus characteristics, relaxation rates, and B1 variability. They were then applied to 17 prostate cancer patient datasets. The simulations indicated that the inputless method with fixed relaxation rates provided high expected accuracy with no sensitivity to bolus characteristics. The AUC ratio showed an undesired strong sensitivity to bolus variations. Fitting the input function as well did not improve accuracy over the inputless method. In vivo results showed qualitatively accurate kPL maps with inputless fitting. The AUC ratio was sensitive to bolus delivery variations. Fitting with the input function showed high variability in parameter maps. Overall, we found the inputless kPL fitting method to be a simple, robust approach for quantification of metabolic conversion following HP [1-13 C]pyruvate injection in human prostate cancer studies. This study also provided initial ranges of HP [1-13 C]pyruvate parameters (SNR, kPL , bolus characteristics) in the human prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Natalie Korn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Maidens
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Murat Arcak
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California – Berkeley, Berkeley, California
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniele Mammoli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James B. Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah J. Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- UC Berkeley–UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, California
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33
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Miller JJ, Grist JT, Serres S, Larkin JR, Lau AZ, Ray K, Fisher KR, Hansen E, Tougaard RS, Nielsen PM, Lindhardt J, Laustsen C, Gallagher FA, Tyler DJ, Sibson N. 13C Pyruvate Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Preclinical Hyperpolarised MRI. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15082. [PMID: 30305655 PMCID: PMC6180068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarised MRI with Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation overcomes the fundamental thermodynamic limitations of conventional magnetic resonance, and is translating to human studies with several early-phase clinical trials in progress including early reports that demonstrate the utility of the technique to observe lactate production in human brain cancer patients. Owing to the fundamental coupling of metabolism and tissue function, metabolic neuroimaging with hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate has the potential to be revolutionary in numerous neurological disorders (e.g. brain tumour, ischemic stroke, and multiple sclerosis). Through the use of [1-13C]pyruvate and ethyl-[1-13C]pyruvate in naïve brain, a rodent model of metastasis to the brain, or porcine brain subjected to mannitol osmotic shock, we show that pyruvate transport across the blood-brain barrier of anaesthetised animals is rate-limiting. We show through use of a well-characterised rat model of brain metastasis that the appearance of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate production corresponds to the point of blood-brain barrier breakdown in the disease. With the more lipophilic ethyl-[1-13C]pyruvate, we observe pyruvate production endogenously throughout the entire brain and lactate production only in the region of disease. In the in vivo porcine brain we show that mannitol shock permeabilises the blood-brain barrier sufficiently for a dramatic 90-fold increase in pyruvate transport and conversion to lactate in the brain, which is otherwise not resolvable. This suggests that earlier reports of whole-brain metabolism in anaesthetised animals may be confounded by partial volume effects and not informative enough for translational studies. Issues relating to pyruvate transport and partial volume effects must therefore be considered in pre-clinical studies investigating neuro-metabolism in anaesthetised animals, and we additionally note that these same techniques may provide a distinct biomarker of blood-brain barrier permeability in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angus Z Lau
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin Ray
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Esben Hansen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Stilling Tougaard
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lindhardt
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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34
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Serrao E, Kettunen M, Rodrigues T, Lewis D, Gallagher F, Hu D, Brindle K. Analysis of 13 C and 14 C labeling in pyruvate and lactate in tumor and blood of lymphoma-bearing mice injected with 13 C- and 14 C-labeled pyruvate. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3901. [PMID: 29457661 PMCID: PMC5947589 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between injected [1-13 C]pyruvate and the endogenous tumor lactate pool can give an apparent first-order rate constant for the exchange. The determination of the isotope flux, however, requires an estimate of the labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor. This was achieved here by measurement of the tumor uptake of [1-14 C]pyruvate, which showed that <2% of the injected pyruvate reached the tumor site. Multiplication of this estimated labeled pyruvate concentration in the tumor with the apparent first-order rate constant for hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange gave an isotope flux that showed good agreement with a flux determined directly by the injection of non-polarized [3-13 C]pyruvate, rapid excision of the tumor after 30 s and measurement of 13 C-labeled lactate concentrations in tumor extracts. The distribution of labeled lactate between intra- and extracellular compartments and the blood pool was investigated by imaging, by measurement of the labeled lactate concentration in blood and tumor, and by examination of the effects of a gadolinium contrast agent and a lactate transport inhibitor on the intensity of the hyperpolarized [1-13 C]lactate signal. These measurements showed that there was significant export of labeled lactate from the tumor, but that labeled lactate in the blood pool produced by the injection of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate showed only relatively low levels of polarization. This study shows that measurements of hyperpolarized 13 C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate in a murine tumor model can provide an estimate of the true isotope flux if the concentration of labeled pyruvate that reaches the tumor can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.M. Serrao
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - M.I. Kettunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - T.B. Rodrigues
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Beatson InstituteGlasgowUK
| | - F.A. Gallagher
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - D.E. Hu
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - K.M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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35
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Sun J, Jing S, Jiang R, Wang C, Zhang C, Chen J, Li H. Metabolomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of Schisandra chinensis lignans on aging rats induced by d-galactose. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:829-841. [PMID: 29750025 PMCID: PMC5935080 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s163275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiaging effect of Schisandra chinensis lignans (SCL) by analyzing the characteristics in the serum of d-galactose (d-gal)-induced rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, d-gal model group, low-dose SCL group (50 mg/kg/d), medium-dose SCL group (100 mg/kg/d), and high-dose SCL group (200 mg/kg/d). A serum metabolomics analysis method based on rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was carried out to study the characteristics of d-gal-induced aging rats and evaluate the antiaging effects of SCL, and multivariate statistical analysis was performed for pattern recognition and characteristic metabolites identification. The relative levels of p19, p53, and p21 genes in the brain tissue were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for investigating the underlying mechanism. Results Metabolomics analysis showed that 15 biomarkers were identified and 13 of them recovered to the normal levels after the administration of SCL. Based on the pathway analysis, the antiaging mechanisms of SCL might be involved in the following metabolic pathways: energy, amino acid, lipid, and phospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, SCL significantly inhibited the mRNA expression level of p19, p53, and p21 in the brain of aging rats induced by d-gal. Conclusion These results suggest that SCL can delay rat aging induced by d-gal through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Jing
- General Surgery Area, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - He Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Daniels CJ, Gallagher FA. Unsupervised Segmentation of 5D Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI Data Using a Fuzzy Markov Random Field Model. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:840-850. [PMID: 28880161 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2737232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized MRI with 13C-labelled compounds is an emerging clinical technique allowing in vivo metabolic processes to be characterized non-invasively. Accurate quantification of 13C data, both for clinical and research purposes, typically relies on the use of region-of-interest analysis to detect and compare regions of altered metabolism. However, it is not clear how this should be determined from the five-dimensional data produced and most standard methodologies are unable to exploit the multidimensional nature of the data. Here we propose a solution to the novel problem of 13C image segmentation using a hybrid Markov random field model with continuous fuzzy logic. The algorithm fully utilizes the multi-dimensional data format in order to classify each voxel into one of six distinct classes based on its metabolic characteristics. Bayesian priors fully incorporate spatial, temporal and ratiometric contextual information whilst image contrast from multiple spectral dimensions are considered concurrently by using an analogy from color image segmentation. Performance of the algorithm is demonstrated on in silico data, where the superiority of the approach over a reference thresholding method is consistently observed. Application to in vivo animal data from a pre-clinical subcutaneous tumor model illustrates the ability of the MRF algorithm to successfully detect tumor location whilst avoiding image artifacts. This work has the potential to assist the analysis of human hyperpolarized 13C data in the future.
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Chen HY, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Ferrone M, van Criekinge M, Carvajal L, Cao P, Pauly JM, Kerr AB, Park I, Slater JB, Nelson SJ, Munster PN, Aggarwal R, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Technique development of 3D dynamic CS-EPSI for hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate MR molecular imaging of human prostate cancer. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2062-2072. [PMID: 29575178 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a new 3D dynamic carbon-13 compressed sensing echoplanar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) MR sequence and test it in phantoms, animal models, and then in prostate cancer patients to image the metabolic conversion of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate with whole gland coverage at high spatial and temporal resolution. METHODS A 3D dynamic compressed sensing (CS)-EPSI sequence with spectral-spatial excitation was designed to meet the required spatial coverage, time and spatial resolution, and RF limitations of the 3T MR scanner for its clinical translation for prostate cancer patient imaging. After phantom testing, animal studies were performed in rats and transgenic mice with prostate cancers. For patient studies, a GE SPINlab polarizer (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) was used to produce hyperpolarized sterile GMP [1-13 C]pyruvate. 3D dynamic 13 C CS-EPSI data were acquired starting 5 s after injection throughout the gland with a spatial resolution of 0.5 cm3 , 18 time frames, 2-s temporal resolution, and 36 s total acquisition time. RESULTS Through preclinical testing, the 3D CS-EPSI sequence developed in this project was shown to provide the desired spectral, temporal, and spatial 5D HP 13 C MR data. In human studies, the 3D dynamic HP CS-EPSI approach provided first-ever simultaneously volumetric and dynamic images of the LDH-catalyzed conversion of [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate in a biopsy-proven prostate cancer patient with full gland coverage. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the feasibility to characterize prostate cancer metabolism in animals, and now patients using this new 3D dynamic HP MR technique to measure kPL , the kinetic rate constant of [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John M Pauly
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Adam B Kerr
- Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Chonnam, Korea
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Placental physiology monitored by hyperpolarized dynamic 13C magnetic resonance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2429-E2436. [PMID: 29444856 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715175115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental functions, including transport and metabolism, play essential roles in pregnancy. This study assesses such processes in vivo, from a hyperpolarized MRI perspective. Hyperpolarized urea, bicarbonate, and pyruvate were administered to near-term pregnant rats, and all metabolites displayed distinctive behaviors. Little evidence of placental barrier crossing was observed for bicarbonate, at least within the timescales allowed by 13C relaxation. By contrast, urea was observed to cross the placental barrier, with signatures visible from certain fetal organs including the liver. This was further evidenced by the slower decay times observed for urea in placentas vis-à-vis other maternal compartments and validated by mass spectrometric analyses. A clear placental localization, as well as concurrent generation of hyperpolarized lactate, could also be detected for [1-13C]pyruvate. These metabolites also exhibited longer lifetimes in the placentas than in maternal arteries, consistent with a metabolic activity occurring past the trophoblastic interface. When extended to a model involving the administration of a preeclampsia-causing chemical, hyperpolarized MR revealed changes in urea's transport, as well as decreases in placental glycolysis vs. the naïve animals. These distinct behaviors highlight the potential of hyperpolarized MR for the early, minimally invasive detection of aberrant placental metabolism.
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Lewis AJM, Miller JJ, Lau AZ, Curtis MK, Rider OJ, Choudhury RP, Neubauer S, Cunningham CH, Carr CA, Tyler DJ. Noninvasive Immunometabolic Cardiac Inflammation Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance. Circ Res 2018; 122:1084-1093. [PMID: 29440071 PMCID: PMC5908252 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Current cardiovascular clinical imaging techniques offer only limited assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation, which is a potential therapeutic target in myocardial infarction (MI) and other diseases. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance (MR) is an emerging imaging technology that generates contrast agents with 10- to 20 000-fold improvements in MR signal, enabling cardiac metabolite mapping. OBJECTIVE To determine whether hyperpolarized MR using [1-13C]pyruvate can assess the local cardiac inflammatory response after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR studies in small and large animal models of MI and in macrophage-like cell lines and measured the resulting [1-13C]lactate signals. MI caused intense [1-13C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at both day 3 and 7 after rodent MI, which was normalized at both time points after monocyte/macrophage depletion. A near-identical [1-13C]lactate signature was also seen at day 7 after experimental MI in pigs. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy in macrophage-like cell suspensions demonstrated that macrophage activation and polarization with lipopolysaccharide almost doubled hyperpolarized lactate label flux rates in vitro; blockade of glycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose in activated cells normalized lactate label flux rates and markedly inhibited the production of key proinflammatory cytokines. Systemic administration of 2-deoxyglucose after rodent MI normalized the hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate signal in healing myocardial segments at day 3 and also caused dose-dependent improvement in IL (interleukin)-1β expression in infarct tissue without impairing the production of key reparative cytokines. Cine MRI demonstrated improvements in systolic function in 2-DG (2-deoxyglucose)-treated rats at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Hyperpolarized MR using [1-13C]pyruvate provides a novel method for the assessment of innate immune cell-driven inflammation in the heart after MI, with broad potential applicability across other cardiovascular disease states and suitability for early clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J M Lewis
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Jack J Miller
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Angus Z Lau
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Mary K Curtis
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Oliver J Rider
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Charles H Cunningham
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.)
| | - Damian J Tyler
- From the Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics (A.J.M.L., J.J.M., M.K.C., C.A.C., D.J.T.), Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory (J.J.M.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine (A.J.M.L., O.J.R., R.P.C., S.N.), and Acute Vascular Imaging Centre (R.P.C.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.Z.L., C.H.C.).
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Lee H, Song JE, Shin J, Joe E, Joo CG, Choi YS, Song HT, Kim DH. High resolution hyperpolarized 13 C MRSI using SPICE at 9.4T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:703-710. [PMID: 29315780 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the feasibility of using the SPICE (SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation) technique, which uses the partial separability of spectroscopic data, for high resolution hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C spectroscopic imaging. METHODS Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the impact of transient HP signals on SPICE reconstruction. Furthermore, spectroscopic imaging exams from SPICE and conventional EPSI (echo-planar spectroscopic imaging) were simulated for comparison. For in vivo experiments, HP 13 C SPICE was performed in a mouse kidney by means of the injection of HP [1-13 C] pyruvate at 9.4T. RESULTS The variation of lactate/pyruvate from the simulated SPICE was less than 4% under various factors that affect the transient HP signal, suggesting that the impact is negligible. We found that while HP 13 C EPSI was limited to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of lactate, these limitations were mitigated through HP 13 C SPICE, facilitating the improved SNR of lactate and the distinction of tissues. Acquisition of a high resolution HP 13 C spectroscopic image was possible for the in vivo experiments. With the fine structural information, the acquired image showed higher signal of pyruvate and lactate in the renal cortices than in the medullas, which is known to be attributed to higher activity of lactate dehydrogenase. CONCLUSION The feasibility of HP 13 C SPICE was investigated. Simulation studies were conducted and in vivo experiments were performed in the mouse kidney at 9.4T. Results confirmed that a high resolution HP 13 C spectroscopic image with adequate spectral resolution can be obtained. Magn Reson Med 80:703-710, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansol Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Eun Song
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaewook Shin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhae Joe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Gyu Joo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Taek Song
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Reynolds S, Metcalf S, Cochrane EJ, Collins RC, Jones S, Paley MN, Tozer GM. Direct arterial injection of hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled substrates into rat tumors for rapid MR detection of metabolism with minimal substrate dilution. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:2116-2126. [PMID: 28191664 PMCID: PMC5697693 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A rat model was developed to enable direct administration of hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled molecules into a tumor-supplying artery for magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of tumor metabolism. METHODS Rat P22 sarcomas were implanted into the right inguinal fat pad of BDIX rats such that the developing tumors received their principle blood supply directly from the right superior epigastric artery. Hyperpolarized 13 C-molecules were either infused directly to the tumor through the epigastric artery or systemically through the contralateral femoral vein. Spectroscopic data were obtained on a 7 Tesla preclinical scanner. RESULTS Intra-arterial infusion of hyperpolarized 13 C-pyruvate increased the pyruvate tumor signal by a factor of 4.6, compared with intravenous infusion, despite an approximately 7 times smaller total dose to the rat. Hyperpolarized glucose signal was detected at near-physiological systemic blood concentration. Pyruvate to lactate but not glucose to lactate metabolism was detected in the tumor. Hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled combretastatin A1 diphosphate, a tumor vascular disrupting agent, showed an in vivo signal in the tumor. CONCLUSIONS The model maximizes tumor substrate/drug delivery and minimizes T1 relaxation signal losses in addition to systemic toxicity. Therefore, it permits metabolic studies of hyperpolarized substrates with relatively short T1 and opens up the possibility for preclinical studies of hyperpolarized drug molecules. Magn Reson Med 78:2116-2126, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Reynolds
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen Metcalf
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
- Present address:
King's College London, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular DivisionLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Cochrane
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Simon Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Dainton BuildingUniversity of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Martyn N.J. Paley
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular DiseaseUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Gillian M. Tozer
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
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Metabolic Differences in Glutamine Utilization Lead to Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Prostate Cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16159. [PMID: 29170516 PMCID: PMC5701017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The new oncologic paradigm of precision medicine is focused on identifying metabolic, proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic variabilities in tumors that can be exploited to tailor treatments and improve patient outcomes. Metabolic changes are a hallmark of cancer, and inhibition of metabolic pathways is now a major strategy in medicinal chemistry for targeting cancers. However, non-invasive biomarkers to categorize metabolic subtypes are in short supply. The purpose of this study was to characterize the intracellular and extracellular metabolic profiles of four prostate cancer cell lines with varying degrees of aggressiveness. We observed metabolic differences between the aggressive prostate cancer cell line PC3 and the even more aggressive, metastatic subline PC3M assessed by hyperpolarized in vivo pyruvate studies, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and carbon-13 feeding studies. On further examination of the differences between these two cell lines, we found increased glutamine utilization in the metastatic PC3M subline that led directly to sensitivity to glutaminase inhibitor CB-839. Our study supports the theory that metastatic progression increases glutamine utilization and the inhibition of glutaminolysis could have clinical implications.
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Corbin Z, Spielman D, Recht L. A Metabolic Therapy for Malignant Glioma Requires a Clinical Measure. Curr Oncol Rep 2017; 19:84. [PMID: 29098465 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-017-0637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are "reprogrammed" to use a much higher rate of glycolysis (GLY) relative to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), even in the presence of adequate amounts of oxygenation. Originally identified by Nobel Laureate Otto Warburg, this hallmark of cancer has recently been termed metabolic reprogramming and represents a way for the cancer tissue to divert carbon skeletons to produce biomass. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie this metabolic shift should lead to better strategies for cancer treatments. Malignant gliomas, cancers that are very resistant to conventional treatments, are highly glycolytic and seem particularly suited to approaches that can subvert this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Corbin
- Department of Neurology (ZC), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Spielman
- Department of Radiology (DS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lawrence Recht
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences (LR), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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Sun CY, Walker CM, Michel KA, Venkatesan AM, Lai SY, Bankson JA. Influence of parameter accuracy on pharmacokinetic analysis of hyperpolarized pyruvate. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:3239-3248. [PMID: 29090487 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effects of noise and error on kinetic analyses of tumor metabolism using hyperpolarized [1-13 C] pyruvate. METHODS Numerical simulations were performed to systematically investigate the effects of noise, the number of unknowns, and error in kinetic parameter estimates on kinetic analysis of the apparent rate of chemical conversion from hyperpolarized pyruvate to lactate (kPL ). A pharmacokinetic model with two physical and two chemical pools of hyperpolarized spins was used to generate and analyze the synthetic data. RESULTS The reproducibility of kPL estimates worsened quickly when peak signal-to-noise ratio for hyperpolarized pyruvate was below approximately 20. The accuracy of kPL estimates was most sensitive to errors in high excitation angles, the vascular blood volume fraction (vb ), and the rate of pyruvate extravasation (kve ), and was least sensitive to errors in the T1 of pyruvate. When vb and/or kve were fit as additional unknowns, the accuracy of kPL estimates suffered, and when the vascular input function of pyruvate was also fit, the reproducibility of kPL estimates worsened. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy and precision of kPL estimates improve substantially for peak signal-to-noise ratio above approximately 20. Accurate estimates of perfusion parameters (combinations of vb , kve , and the pyruvate vascular input function) and transmit calibration at high excitation angles have the greatest effect on the accuracy of kinetic analyses. Magn Reson Med 79:3239-3248, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Sun
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Keith A Michel
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aradhana M Venkatesan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James A Bankson
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Reed GD, Shang H, Shin PJ, Zhu Z, Chen HY, Bok R, Goga A, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB. Development of high resolution 3D hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR molecular imaging techniques. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 38:152-162. [PMID: 28077268 PMCID: PMC5360530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to develop and apply techniques for T2 mapping and 3D high resolution (1.5mm isotropic; 0.003cm3) 13C imaging of hyperpolarized (HP) probes [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]pyruvate, [2-13C]pyruvate, and [13C,15N2]urea in vivo. A specialized 2D bSSFP sequence was implemented on a clinical 3T scanner and used to obtain the first high resolution T2 maps of these different hyperpolarized compounds in both rats and tumor-bearing mice. These maps were first used to optimize timings for highest SNR for single time-point 3D bSSFP acquisitions with a 1.5mm isotropic spatial resolution of normal rats. This 3D acquisition approach was extended to serial dynamic imaging with 2-fold compressed sensing acceleration without changing spatial resolution. The T2 mapping experiments yielded measurements of T2 values of >1s for all compounds within rat kidneys/vasculature and TRAMP tumors, except for [2-13C]pyruvate which was ~730ms and ~320ms, respectively. The high resolution 3D imaging enabled visualization the biodistribution of [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]pyruvate, and [2-13C]pyruvate within different kidney compartments as well as in the vasculature. While the mouse anatomy is smaller, the resolution was also sufficient to image the distribution of all compounds within kidney, vasculature, and tumor. The development of the specialized 3D sequence with compressed sensing provided improved structural and functional assessments at a high (0.003cm3) spatial and 2s temporal resolution in vivo utilizing HP 13C substrates by exploiting their long T2 values. This 1.5mm isotropic resolution is comparable to 1H imaging and application of this approach could be extended to future studies of uptake, metabolism, and perfusion in cancer and other disease models and may ultimately be of value for clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hong Shang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Shin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Joe E, Lee H, Lee J, Yang S, Choi YS, Wang E, Song HT, Kim DH. An indirect method for in vivo T 2 mapping of [1- 13 C] pyruvate using hyperpolarized 13 C CSI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3690. [PMID: 28111820 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An indirect method for in vivo T2 mapping of 13 C-labeled metabolites using T2 and T2 * information of water protons obtained a priori is proposed. The T2 values of 13 C metabolites are inferred using the relationship to T2 ' of coexisting 1 H and the T2 * of 13 C metabolites, which is measured using routine hyperpolarized 13 C CSI data. The concept is verified with phantom studies. Simulations were performed to evaluate the extent of T2 estimation accuracy due to errors in the other measurements. Also, bias in the 13 C T2 * estimation from the 13 C CSI data was studied. In vivo experiments were performed from the brains of normal rats and a rat with C6 glioma. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method provides accurate and unbiased 13 C T2 values within typical experimental settings. The in vivo studies found that the estimated T2 of [1-13 C] pyruvate using the indirect method was longer in tumor than in normal tissues and gave values similar to previous reports. This method can estimate localized T2 relaxation times from multiple voxels using conventional hyperpolarized 13 C CSI and can potentially be used with time resolved fast CSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhae Joe
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonsung Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seungwook Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunkyung Wang
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Taek Song
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Siddiqui S, Kadlecek S, Pourfathi M, Xin Y, Mannherz W, Hamedani H, Drachman N, Ruppert K, Clapp J, Rizi R. The use of hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance for molecular imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:3-23. [PMID: 27599979 PMCID: PMC5783573 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, molecular imaging using magnetic resonance (MR) has been limited by the modality's low sensitivity, especially with non-proton nuclei. The advent of hyperpolarized (HP) MR overcomes this limitation by substantially enhancing the signal of certain biologically important probes through a process known as external nuclear polarization, enabling real-time assessment of tissue function and metabolism. The metabolic information obtained by HP MR imaging holds significant promise in the clinic, where it could play a critical role in disease diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the developments made in the field of hyperpolarized MR, including advancements in polarization techniques and delivery, probe development, pulse sequence optimization, characterization of healthy and diseased tissues, and the steps made towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Siddiqui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Kadlecek
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mehrdad Pourfathi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi Xin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William Mannherz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hooman Hamedani
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas Drachman
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Justin Clapp
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rahim Rizi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Miyahira AK, Roychowdhury S, Goswami S, Ippolito JE, Priceman SJ, Pritchard CC, Sfanos KS, Subudhi SK, Simons JW, Pienta KJ, Soule HR. Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Report From the 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting. Prostate 2017; 77:123-144. [PMID: 27679977 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, "Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer," was held from June 23 to June 26, 2016, in Coronado, California. METHODS For the 4th year in a row, the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) hosted the CHPCA Meeting, a think tank-structured scientific conference, which focuses on a specific topic of critical unmet need on the biology and treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The 2016 CHPCA Meeting was attended by 71 investigators from prostate cancer and other fields, who discussed the biology, study methodologies, treatment strategies, and critical unmet needs concerning metastatic prostate cancer, with the ultimate goal of advancing strategies to treat and eliminate this disease. RESULTS The major topics of discussion included: the molecular landscape and molecular heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer, the role of the metastatic microenvironment, optimizing immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer, learning from exceptional responders and non-responders, targeting DNA repair deficiency in advanced prostate cancer, developing and applying novel biomarkers and imaging techniques, and potential roles for the microbiome in prostate cancer. DISCUSSION This article reviews the topics presented and discussions held at the CHPCA Meeting, with a focus on the unknowns and next steps needed to advance our understanding of the biology and most effective treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 77:123-144, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Departments of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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49
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Kubala E, Muñoz-Álvarez KA, Topping G, Hundshammer C, Feuerecker B, Gómez PA, Pariani G, Schilling F, Glaser SJ, Schulte RF, Menzel MI, Schwaiger M. Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging. J Vis Exp 2016:54751. [PMID: 28060330 PMCID: PMC5226623 DOI: 10.3791/54751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, new methods for tumor staging, restaging, treatment response monitoring, and recurrence detection of a variety of cancers have emerged in conjunction with the state-of-the-art positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG PET). 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (13CMRSI) is a minimally invasive imaging method that enables the monitoring of metabolism in vivo and in real time. As with any other method based on 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), it faces the challenge of low thermal polarization and a subsequent low signal-to-noise ratio due to the relatively low gyromagnetic ratio of 13C and its low natural abundance in biological samples. By overcoming these limitations, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) with subsequent sample dissolution has recently enabled commonly used NMR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems to measure, study, and image key metabolic pathways in various biological systems. A particularly interesting and promising molecule used in 13CMRSI is [1-13C]pyruvate, which, in the last ten years, has been widely used for in vitro, preclinical, and, more recently, clinical studies to investigate the cellular energy metabolism in cancer and other diseases. In this article, we outline the technique of dissolution DNP using a 3.35 T preclinical DNP hyperpolarizer and demonstrate its usage in in vitro studies. A similar protocol for hyperpolarization may be applied for the most part in in vivo studies as well. To do so, we used lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and catalyzed the metabolic reaction of [1-13C]pyruvate to [1-13C]lactate in a prostate carcinoma cell line, PC3, in vitro using 13CMRSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Kubala
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München; GE Global Research;
| | - Kim A Muñoz-Álvarez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Geoffrey Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München
| | - Benedikt Feuerecker
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | - Pedro A Gómez
- GE Global Research; Zentralinstitut für Medizintechnik der Technischen Universität München (IMETUM), Technische Universität München
| | - Giorgio Pariani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München; Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum München; IDG Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
| | | | | | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
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50
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Li LZ. A pre-tracer approach for improving the accuracy of metabolic measurements by hyperpolarized nuclear magnetic resonance. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:612-614. [PMID: 27942482 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Z Li
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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