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Branzoli F, Liserre R, Deelchand DK, Poliani PL, Bielle F, Nichelli L, Sanson M, Lehéricy S, Marjańska M. Neurochemical Differences between 1p/19q Codeleted and Noncodeleted IDH-mutant Gliomas by in Vivo MR Spectroscopy. Radiology 2023; 308:e223255. [PMID: 37668523 PMCID: PMC10546286 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.223255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Noninvasive identification of glioma subtypes is important for optimizing treatment strategies. Purpose To compare the in vivo neurochemical profiles between isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1-mutant 1p/19q codeleted gliomas and their noncodeleted counterparts measured by MR spectroscopy at 3.0 T with a point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence optimized for D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) detection. Materials and Methods Adults with IDH1-mutant gliomas were retrospectively included for this study from two university hospitals (inclusion period: January 2015 to July 2016 and September 2019 to June 2021, respectively) based on availability of 1p/19q codeletion status and a PRESS acquisition optimized for 2HG detection (echo time, 97 msec) at 3.0 T before any treatment. Spectral analysis was performed using LCModel and a simulated basis set. Metabolite quantification was performed using the water signal as a reference and correcting for water and metabolite longitudinal and transverse relaxation time constants. Concentration ratios were computed using total creatine (tCr) and total choline. A two-tailed unpaired t test was used to compare metabolite concentrations obtained in codeleted versus noncodeleted gliomas, accounting for multiple comparisons. Results Thirty-one adults (mean age, 39 years ± 8 [SD]; 19 male) were included, and 19 metabolites were quantified. Cystathionine concentration was higher in codeleted (n = 13) than noncodeleted (n = 18) gliomas when quantification was performed using the water signal or tCr as references (2.33 mM ± 0.98 vs 0.93 mM ± 0.94, and 0.34 mM ± 0.14 vs 0.14 mM ± 0.14, respectively; both P < .001). The sensitivity and specificity of PRESS to detect codeletion by means of cystathionine quantification were 92% and 61%, respectively. Other metabolites did not show evidence of a difference between groups (P > .05). Conclusion Higher cystathionine levels were detected in IDH1-mutant 1p/19q codeleted gliomas than in their noncodeleted counterparts with use of a PRESS sequence optimized for 2HG detection. Of 19 metabolites quantified, only cystathionine showed evidence of a difference in concentration between groups. Clinical trial registry no. NCT01703962 © RSNA, 2023 See also the editorial by Lin in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Branzoli
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Roberto Liserre
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Dinesh K. Deelchand
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Franck Bielle
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Lucia Nichelli
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Marc Sanson
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- From the Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris Brain Institute–L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France (F. Branzoli, L.N., M.S., S.L.); Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (F. Branzoli, S.L.); Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (R.L.); Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn (D.K.D., M.M.); Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (P.L.P.); Laboratory R Escourolle (F. Bielle), Department of Neuroradiology (L.N., S.L.), and Department of Neurology 2 (M.S.), University Hospital La Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP, Paris, France; and Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, L’Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France (M.S.)
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Wiehler A, Branzoli F, Adanyeguh I, Mochel F, Pessiglione M. A neuro-metabolic account of why daylong cognitive work alters the control of economic decisions. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3564-3575.e5. [PMID: 35961314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral activities that require control over automatic routines typically feel effortful and result in cognitive fatigue. Beyond subjective report, cognitive fatigue has been conceived as an inflated cost of cognitive control, objectified by more impulsive decisions. However, the origins of such control cost inflation with cognitive work are heavily debated. Here, we suggest a neuro-metabolic account: the cost would relate to the necessity of recycling potentially toxic substances accumulated during cognitive control exertion. We validated this account using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to monitor brain metabolites throughout an approximate workday, during which two groups of participants performed either high-demand or low-demand cognitive control tasks, interleaved with economic decisions. Choice-related fatigue markers were only present in the high-demand group, with a reduction of pupil dilation during decision-making and a preference shift toward short-delay and little-effort options (a low-cost bias captured using computational modeling). At the end of the day, high-demand cognitive work resulted in higher glutamate concentration and glutamate/glutamine diffusion in a cognitive control brain region (lateral prefrontal cortex [lPFC]), relative to low-demand cognitive work and to a reference brain region (primary visual cortex [V1]). Taken together with previous fMRI data, these results support a neuro-metabolic model in which glutamate accumulation triggers a regulation mechanism that makes lPFC activation more costly, explaining why cognitive control is harder to mobilize after a strenuous workday.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonius Wiehler
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior Lab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS U7225, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS U7225, Paris, France.
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS U7225, Paris, France
| | - Isaac Adanyeguh
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS U7225, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS U7225, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Genetics, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Pessiglione
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior Lab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Center for NeuroImaging Research (CENIR), Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, Inserm U1127, CNRS U7225, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France.
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3
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Branzoli F, Deelchand DK, Liserre R, Poliani PL, Nichelli L, Sanson M, Lehéricy S, Marjańska M. The influence of cystathionine on neurochemical quantification in brain tumor in vivo MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:537-545. [PMID: 35381117 PMCID: PMC9232981 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of the PRESS sequence (TE = 97 ms, optimized for 2-hydroxyglutarate detection) to detect cystathionine in gliomas and the effect of the omission of cystathionine on the quantification of the full neurochemical profile. METHODS Twenty-three subjects with a glioma were retrospectively included based on the availability of both MEGA-PRESS and PRESS acquisitions at 3T, and the presence of the cystathionine signal in the edited MR spectrum. In eight subjects, the PRESS acquisition was performed also in normal tissue. Metabolite quantification was performed using LCModel and simulated basis sets. The LCModel analysis for the PRESS data was performed with and without cystathionine. RESULTS All subjects with glioma had detectable cystathionine levels >1 mM with Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) <15%. The mean cystathionine concentrations were 3.49 ± 1.17 mM for MEGA-PRESS and 2.20 ± 0.80 mM for PRESS data. Cystathionine concentrations showed a significant correlation between the two MRS methods (r = 0.58, p = .004), and it was not detectable in normal tissue. Using PRESS, 19 metabolites were quantified with CRLB <50% for more than half of the subjects. The metabolites that were significantly (p < .0028) and mostly affected by the omission of cystathionine were aspartate, betaine, citrate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and serine. CONCLUSIONS Cystathionine was detectable by PRESS in all the selected gliomas, while it was not detectable in normal tissue. The omission from the spectral analysis of cystathionine led to severe biases in the quantification of other neurochemicals that may play key roles in cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Branzoli
- Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roberto Liserre
- Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Nichelli
- Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology 2, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Paris Brain Institute-Institut du Cerveau (ICM), Center for Neuroimaging Research (CENIR), Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.,Department of Neuroradiology, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Juskanič D, Mištinová JP, Hollý S, Sekerešová M, Koleják K, Pátrovič L. Diagnostic performance of edited 2HG MR spectroscopy of central glioma in the clinical environment. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:45-52. [PMID: 34985589 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-021-00989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) is pooled in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant glioma cells. Detecting 2HG by MR spectroscopy (MRS) has been proven viable in the last decade but has not entirely found its way into the clinical routine. This study aimed to explore the adoption of 2HG MRS while acknowledging factors that influence its performance in the clinical environment. METHODS Thirty-nine MR spectra were acquired and reported prospectively in patients with suspected glioma using a 3 T system with Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence utilizing averaged free induction decay (FID) signals. Postprocessing and evaluation of spectra were performed with jMRUI and LCModel. 2HG concentration estimates, 2HG/Cr ratio, together with quality measures, including Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs), full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) values, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were calculated using LCModel. Immunohistochemistry and genomic analysis results used as a ground truth were available for 15 patients. RESULTS The threshold for test positivity was set according to the ROC curve at 1 mM. Calculated sensitivity was 57.14% (95% CI 0.20-0.88), specificity 87.5% (95% CI 0.46-0.99), positive predictive value 80%, and negative predictive value 70%. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 73.33% (95% CI 0.45-0.92). The 2HG/Cr ratio with the cutoff value 0.085 significantly improved sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy [85.71%, 95% CI 0.42-1.00 and 86.67%, (95% CI 0.60-0.98), respectively]. CONCLUSION Multiple factors compromising spectral quality in the clinical adoption of edited 2HG MRS resulted in diminished sensitivity but clinically acceptable specificity. Furthermore, the 2HG/Cr ratio performs better than the sole 2HG concentration estimate in the pre-operative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Juskanič
- JESSENIUS-Diagnostic Center, Nitra, Slovakia.
- Medical Faculty, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Faculty Hospital, Nitra, Slovakia.
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Genovese G, Marjańska M, Auerbach EJ, Cherif LY, Ronen I, Lehéricy S, Branzoli F. In vivo diffusion-weighted MRS using semi-LASER in the human brain at 3 T: Methodological aspects and clinical feasibility. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4206. [PMID: 31930768 PMCID: PMC7354897 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted (DW-) MRS investigates non-invasively microstructural properties of tissue by probing metabolite diffusion in vivo. Despite the growing interest in DW-MRS for clinical applications, little has been published on the reproducibility of this technique. In this study, we explored the optimization of a single-voxel DW-semi-LASER sequence for clinical applications at 3 T, and evaluated the reproducibility of the method under different experimental conditions. DW-MRS measurements were carried out in 10 healthy participants and repeated across three sessions. Metabolite apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated from mono-exponential fits (ADCexp ) up to b = 3300 s/mm2 , and from the diffusional kurtosis approach (ADCK ) up to b = 7300 s/mm2 . The inter-subject variabilities of ADCs of N-acetylaspartate + N-acetylaspartylglutamate (tNAA), creatine + phosphocreatine, choline containing compounds, and myo-inositol were calculated in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and in the corona radiata (CR). We explored the effect of physiological motion on the DW-MRS signal and the importance of cardiac gating and peak thresholding to account for signal amplitude fluctuations. Additionally, we investigated the dependence of the intra-subject variability on the acquisition scheme using a bootstrapping resampling method. Coefficients of variation were lower in PCC than CR, likely due to the different sensitivities to motion artifacts of the two regions. Finally, we computed coefficients of repeatability for ADCexp and performed power calculations needed for designing clinical studies. The power calculation for ADCexp of tNAA showed that in the PCC seven subjects per group are sufficient to detect a difference of 5% between two groups with an acquisition time of 4 min, suggesting that ADCexp of tNAA is a suitable marker for disease-related intracellular alteration even in small case-control studies. In the CR, further work is needed to evaluate the voxel size and location that minimize the motion artifacts and variability of the ADC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Genovese
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Edward J. Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lydia Yahia Cherif
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Itamar Ronen
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Branzoli
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère (ICM), F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
- Corresponding author: Francesca Branzoli, Ph.D., Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpetrière, 47 boulevard de l’Hôpital, CS 21414, 75646 Paris Cedex 13, Phone number: +33 (0)1 57 27 46 46, Fax: +33 (0)1 45 83 19 28,
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Choi IY, Andronesi OC, Barker P, Bogner W, Edden RAE, Kaiser LG, Lee P, Marjańska M, Terpstra M, de Graaf RA. Spectral editing in 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4411. [PMID: 32946145 PMCID: PMC8557623 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral editing in in vivo 1 H-MRS provides an effective means to measure low-concentration metabolite signals that cannot be reliably measured by conventional MRS techniques due to signal overlap, for example, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Spectral editing strategies utilize known J-coupling relationships within the metabolite of interest to discriminate their resonances from overlying signals. This consensus recommendation paper provides a brief overview of commonly used homonuclear editing techniques and considerations for data acquisition, processing and quantification. Also, we have listed the experts' recommendations for minimum requirements to achieve adequate spectral editing and reliable quantification. These include selecting the right editing sequence, dealing with frequency drift, handling unwanted coedited resonances, spectral fitting of edited spectra, setting up multicenter clinical trials and recommending sequence parameters to be reported in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lana G Kaiser
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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7
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Marjańska M, Terpstra M. Influence of fitting approaches in LCModel on MRS quantification focusing on age-specific macromolecules and the spline baseline. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4197. [PMID: 31782845 PMCID: PMC7255930 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of neurochemical concentrations from 1 H MR spectra is challenged by incomplete knowledge of contributing signals. Some experimental conditions hinder the acquisition of artifact-free spectra and impede the acquisition of condition-specific macromolecule (MM) spectra. This work studies differences caused by fitting solutions routinely employed to manage resonances from MM and lipids. High quality spectra (free of residual water and lipid artifacts and for which condition-specific MM spectra are available) are used to understand the influences of spline baseline flexibility and noncondition-specific MM on neurochemical quantification. Fitting with moderate spline flexibility or using noncondition-specific MM led to quantification that differed from when an appropriate, fully specified model was used. This occurred for all neurochemicals to an extent that varied in magnitude among and within approaches. The spline baseline was more tortuous when less constrained and when used in combination with noncondition-specific MM. Increasing baseline flexibility did not reproduce concentrations quantified under appropriate conditions when spectra were fitted using a MM spectrum measured from a mismatched cohort. Using the noncondition-specific MM spectrum led to quantification differences that were comparable in size with using a fitting model that had moderate freedom, and these influences were additive. Although goodness of fit was better with greater fitting flexibility, quantification differed from when fitting with a fully specified model that is appropriate for low noise data. Notable GABA and PE concentration differences occurred with lower estimates of measurement error when fitting with greater spline flexibility or noncondition-specific MM. These data support the need for improved metrics of goodness of fit. Attempting to correct for artifacts or absence of a condition-specific MM spectrum via increased spline flexibility and usage of noncondition-specific MM spectra cannot replace artifact-free data quantified with a condition-specific MM spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6 ST SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6 ST SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Viswanath P, Batsios G, Mukherjee J, Gillespie AM, Larson PEZ, Luchman HA, Phillips JJ, Costello JF, Pieper RO, Ronen SM. Non-invasive assessment of telomere maintenance mechanisms in brain tumors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:92. [PMID: 33397920 PMCID: PMC7782549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere maintenance is a universal hallmark of cancer. Most tumors including low-grade oligodendrogliomas use telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression for telomere maintenance while astrocytomas use the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Although TERT and ALT are hallmarks of tumor proliferation and attractive therapeutic targets, translational methods of imaging TERT and ALT are lacking. Here we show that TERT and ALT are associated with unique 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-detectable metabolic signatures in genetically-engineered and patient-derived glioma models and patient biopsies. Importantly, we have leveraged this information to mechanistically validate hyperpolarized [1-13C]-alanine flux to pyruvate as an imaging biomarker of ALT status and hyperpolarized [1-13C]-alanine flux to lactate as an imaging biomarker of TERT status in low-grade gliomas. Collectively, we have identified metabolic biomarkers of TERT and ALT status that provide a way of integrating critical oncogenic information into non-invasive imaging modalities that can improve tumor diagnosis and treatment response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - H Artee Luchman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Branzoli F, Di Stefano AL, Capelle L, Ottolenghi C, Valabrègue R, Deelchand DK, Bielle F, Villa C, Baussart B, Lehéricy S, Sanson M, Marjanska M. Highly specific determination of IDH status using edited in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:907-916. [PMID: 29126125 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzyme affect 40% of gliomas and represent a major diagnostic and prognostic marker. The goals of this study were to evaluate the performance of noninvasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods to determine the IDH status of patients with brain gliomas through detection of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) and to compare performance of these methods with DNA sequencing and tissue 2HG analysis. Methods Twenty-four subjects with suspected diagnosis of low-grade glioma were included prospectively in the study. For all subjects, MRS data were acquired at 3T using 2 MRS methods, edited MRS using Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence and a PRESS sequence optimized for 2HG detection, using a volume of interest larger than 6 mL. IDH mutational status was determined by a combination of automated immunohistochemical analysis and Sanger sequencing. Levels of 2HG in tissue samples measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were compared with those estimated by MRS. Results Edited MRS provided 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity in the detection of 2HG. The 2HG levels estimated by this technique were in line with those derived from tissue samples. Optimized PRESS provided lower performance, in agreement with previous findings. Conclusions Our results suggest that edited MRS is one of the most reliable tools to predict IDH mutation noninvasively, showing high sensitivity and specificity for 2HG detection. Integrating edited MRS in clinical practice may be highly beneficial for noninvasive diagnosis of glioma, prognostic assessment, and treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Branzoli
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anna Luisa Di Stefano
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Capelle
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurochirurgie, Paris, France
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Métaboliques, Service de Biochimie Métabolique, Hôpital Necker and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Franck Bielle
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire R Escourolle, Paris, France; Department of Pathological Cytology and Anatomy, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie, Paris, France; Department of Neurology, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, Paris, France.,Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère, Paris, France
| | - Malgorzata Marjanska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Branzoli F, Deelchand DK, Sanson M, Lehéricy S, Marjańska M. In vivo 1 H MRS detection of cystathionine in human brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:1259-1265. [PMID: 31131476 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the technical aspects of noninvasive detection of cystathionine in human brain glioma with edited MRS, and to investigate possible further acquisition improvements for robust quantification of this metabolite. METHODS In vivo 1 H MR spectra were acquired at 3 T in 15 participants with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutated glioma using a MEGA-PRESS (MEscher GArwood point resolved spectroscopy) sequence previously employed for 2-hydroxyglutarate detection (TR = 2 s, TE = 68 ms). The editing pulse was applied at 1.9 ppm for the edit-on condition and at 7.5 ppm for the edit-off condition. To evaluate the editing efficiency, spectra were acquired in 1 participant by placing the editing pulse for the edit-on condition at 1.9, 2.03, and 2.16 ppm. Cystathionine concentration was quantified using LCModel and a simulated basis set. To confirm chemical shifts and J-coupling values of cystathionine, the 1 H NMR cystathionine spectrum was measured using a high-resolution 500 MHz spectrometer. RESULTS In 12 gliomas, cystathionine was observed in the in vivo edited MR spectra at 2.72 and 3.85 ppm and quantified. The signal intensity of the cystathionine resonance at 2.72 ppm increased 1.7 and 2.13 times when the editing pulse was moved to 2.03 and 2.16 ppm, respectively. Cystathionine was not detectable in normal brain tissue. CONCLUSION Cystathionine can be detected in vivo by edited MRS using the same protocol as for 2-hydroxyglutarate detection. This finding may enable a more accurate, noninvasive investigation of cellular metabolism in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Branzoli
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Marc Sanson
- Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neurologie 2, Paris, France.,Onconeurotek Tumor Bank, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère-ICM, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinère-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Neuroradiologie, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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11
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Wijtenburg SA, Near J, Korenic SA, Gaston FE, Chen H, Mikkelsen M, Chen S, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Rowland LM. Comparing the reproducibility of commonly used magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques to quantify cerebral glutathione. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 49:176-183. [PMID: 29659065 PMCID: PMC6191387 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral glutathione (GSH), a marker of oxidative stress, has been quantified in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using a reproducible MRS technique is important, as it minimizes the impact of measurement technique variability on the study results and ensures that other studies can replicate the results. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that very short echo time (TE) acquisitions would have comparable reproducibility to a long TE MEGA-PRESS acquisition, and that the short TE PRESS acquisition would have the poorest reproducibility. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS/PHANTOMS Ten healthy adults were scanned during two visits, and six metabolite phantoms containing varying concentrations of GSH and metabolites with resonances that overlap with GSH were scanned once. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE At 3T we acquired MRS data using four different sequences: PRESS, SPECIAL, PR-STEAM, and MEGA-PRESS. ASSESSMENT Reproducibility of each MRS sequence across two visits was assessed. STATISTICAL TESTS Mean coefficients of variation (CV) and mean absolute difference (AD) were used to assess reproducibility. Linear regressions were performed on data collected from phantoms to examine the agreement between known and quantified levels of GSH. RESULTS Of the four techniques, PR-STEAM had the lowest mean CV and AD (5.4% and 7.5%, respectively), implying excellent reproducibility, followed closely by PRESS (5.8% and 8.2%) and SPECIAL (8.0 and 10.1%), and finally by MEGA-PRESS (13.5% and 17.1%). Phantom data revealed excellent fits (R2 ≥ 0.98 or higher) using all methods. DATA CONCLUSION Our data suggest that GSH can be quantified reproducibly without the use of spectral editing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:176-183.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Andrea Wijtenburg
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Near
- Centre d’Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephanie A. Korenic
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank E. Gaston
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hongji Chen
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M. Rowland
- Neuroimaging Research Program, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
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12
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Deelchand DK, Auerbach EJ, Marjańska M. Apparent diffusion coefficients of the five major metabolites measured in the human brain in vivo at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:2896-2901. [PMID: 29044690 PMCID: PMC5843522 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of five main metabolites in the human brain at 3T with PRESS and STEAM, avoiding measurement biases because of cross-terms. Cross-terms arise from interactions between slice-selection and spoiler gradients in the localized spectroscopy sequence and the diffusion gradients. METHODS Diffusion-weighted spectra were acquired from the prefrontal cortex in five healthy subjects using STEAM (echo time [TE]/mixing time [TM]/pulse repetition time [TR] = 21.22/105/3000 ms, b-values = 0 and 3172 s/mm2 ) and PRESS (TE/TR = 54.2/3000 ms, b-values = 0 and 2204 s/mm2 ). Diffusion weighting was applied using bipolar gradients in three orthogonal directions. Post-processed spectra were analyzed with LCModel, and the trace/3 ADC values were calculated. RESULTS Comparable trace/3 ADC values (0.14-0.18 µm2 /ms) were obtained for five main metabolites with both methods. These metabolites were quantified with Cramér-Rao lower bounds below 15%. CONCLUSION The ADC values of the five main metabolites were successfully measured in the human brain at 3T with eliminated directional dependence. Both STEAM and PRESS can be used to probe the diffusivity of metabolites in normal brain and various pathologies on the clinical scanner with slightly higher precision achieved with STEAM for glutamate and myo-inositol. Magn Reson Med 79:2896-2901, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Edward J. Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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13
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Moss HG, Brown TR, Wiest DB, Jenkins DD. N-Acetylcysteine rapidly replenishes central nervous system glutathione measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy in human neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:950-958. [PMID: 29561203 PMCID: PMC5999009 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18765828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Persistent oxidative stress depletes reduced glutathione (GSH), an intracellular antioxidant and an important determinant of CNS injury after hypoxia ischemia. We used standard, short echo time Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) to detect GSH by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 24 term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), on day of life 5-6, after rewarming from therapeutic hypothermia. MRS demonstrated reliable, consistent GSH of 1·64 ± 0·20 mM in the basal ganglia immediately before intravenous infusion of N-acetylcysteine. N-acetylcysteine resulted in a rapid and significant GSH increase to 1·93 ± 0.23 mM within 12-30 min after completion of infusion ( n = 21, p < 0.0001, paired t-test), compared with those who did not receive N-acetylcysteine ( n = 3, GSH = 1.66 ± 0.06 mM and 1.64 ± 0.09 mM). In one perinatal stroke patient, GSH in the diffusion-restricted stroke area was 1.0 mM, indicating significant compromise of intracellular redox potential, which also improved after N-acetylcysteine. For comparison, GSH in healthy term neonates has been reported at 2.5 ± 0.9 mM in the thalamus. This is the first report to show persistent oxidative stress reflected in GSH during the subacute phase in neonates with HIE and rapid response to N-acetylcysteine, using a short echo MRS sequence that is available on all clinical scanners without spectral editing.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcysteine/administration & dosage
- Adult
- Female
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypothermia, Induced
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/diagnosis
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/therapy
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/metabolism
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Male
- Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects
- Stroke/diagnosis
- Stroke/metabolism
- Stroke/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter G Moss
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Truman R Brown
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Donald B Wiest
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Dorothea D Jenkins
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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14
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Berrington A, Voets NL, Larkin SJ, de Pennington N, Mccullagh J, Stacey R, Schofield CJ, Jezzard P, Clare S, Cadoux-Hudson T, Plaha P, Ansorge O, Emir UE. A comparison of 2-hydroxyglutarate detection at 3 and 7 T with long-TE semi-LASER. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31. [PMID: 29315915 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormally high levels of the 'oncometabolite' 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) occur in many grade II and III gliomas, and correlate with mutations in the genes of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isoforms. In vivo measurement of 2-HG in patients, using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), has largely been carried out at 3 T, yet signal overlap continues to pose a challenge for 2-HG detection. To combat this, several groups have proposed MRS methods at ultra-high field (≥7 T) where theoretical increases in signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution could improve 2-HG detection. Long echo time (long-TE) semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi-LASER) (TE = 110 ms) is a promising method for improved 2-HG detection in vivo at either 3 or 7 T owing to the use of broad-band adiabatic localization. Using previously published semi-LASER methods at 3 and 7 T, this study directly compares the detectability of 2-HG in phantoms and in vivo across nine patients. Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) of 2-HG fitting were found to be significantly lower at 7 T (6 ± 2%) relative to 3 T (15 ± 7%) (p = 0.0019), yet were larger at 7 T in an IDH wild-type patient. Although no increase in SNR was detected at 7 T (77 ± 26) relative to 3 T (77 ± 30), the detection of 2-HG was greatly enhanced through an improved spectral profile and increased resolution at 7 T. 7 T had a large effect on pairwise fitting correlations between γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 2-HG (p = 0.004), and resulted in smaller coefficients. The increased sensitivity for 2-HG detection using long-TE acquisition at 7 T may allow for more rapid estimation of 2-HG (within a few spectral averages) together with other associated metabolic markers in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Berrington
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie L Voets
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah J Larkin
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nick de Pennington
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Richard Stacey
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Peter Jezzard
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Clare
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Cadoux-Hudson
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Puneet Plaha
- Department of Neurosurgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Olaf Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzay E Emir
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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15
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Deelchand DK, Kantarci K, Öz G. Improved localization, spectral quality, and repeatability with advanced MRS methodology in the clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 2018; 79:1241-1250. [PMID: 28618085 PMCID: PMC5760483 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the utility of an advanced magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) protocol in the clinical setting, and to compare the localization accuracy, spectral quality, and quantification repeatability between this advanced and the conventional vendor-provided MRS protocol on a clinical 3T platform. METHODS Proton spectra were measured from the posterior cingulate cortices in 30 healthy elderly subjects by clinical MR technologists using a vendor-provided (point resolved spectroscopy with advanced 3D gradient-echo B0 shimming) and an advanced (semi-LASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming) protocol, in random order. Spectra were quantified with LCModel using standard pipelines for the clinical and research settings, respectively. RESULTS The advanced protocol outperformed the vendor-provided protocol in localization accuracy (chemical-shift-displacement error: 2.0%/ppm, semi-LASER versus 11.6%/ppm, point resolved spectroscopy), spectral quality (water linewidth: 6.1 ± 1.8 Hz, FAST(EST)MAP versus 10.5 ± 3.7 Hz, 3D gradient echo; P < 7e-6; residual water: 0.08 ± 0.12%, VAPOR versus 0.45 ± 0.50%, WET; P < 2e-5) and within-session repeatability of metabolite concentrations, particularly of low signal-to-noise ratio data with two to eight averages (test-retest coefficients of variance of metabolite concentrations, P < 0.01). Concentrations of J-coupled metabolites such as γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate were biased when using the default pipeline with simulated macromolecules. CONCLUSIONS The quality of MRS data can be improved using advanced acquisition and analysis protocols on standard 3T hardware in the clinical setting, which can facilitate robust applications in central nervous system diseases. Magn Reson Med 79:1241-1250, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gülin Öz
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Marjańska M, Deelchand DK, Hodges JS, McCarten JR, Hemmy LS, Grant A, Terpstra M. Altered macromolecular pattern and content in the aging human brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:10.1002/nbm.3865. [PMID: 29266515 PMCID: PMC5773372 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The resonances originating from proteins underlie those of metabolites in brain 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. These resonances have different physical properties from those of metabolites, such as shorter T1 and T2 relaxation time constants. The age dependence of the macromolecular pattern and content in the human brain was investigated with a focus on adults over 66 years of age using ultrahigh-field in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eighteen young and 23 cognitively normal older adults were studied at 7 T. Metabolite spectra were acquired in the occipital cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex with single-voxel stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectroscopy in 14 young and 20 older adults. Macromolecular spectra were acquired in the occipital cortex using an inversion recovery STEAM sequence in four young and three older adults. The macromolecular pattern was apparent over the 0.5-4.5-ppm range in the inversion recovery spectra and the 0.5-2-ppm range in the metabolite spectra. Macromolecular content was quantified from metabolite spectra using LCModel and from inversion recovery spectra using integration. Age-associated differences in the macromolecular pattern were apparent via both types of spectra, with the largest difference observed for the 1.7- and 2-ppm macromolecular resonances. A higher macromolecular content was observed in the older adults for both brain regions. Age-specific macromolecular spectra are needed when comparing metabolite spectra from subjects of differing ages because of age-associated differences in macromolecular pattern. Age-associated pattern and content differences may provide information about the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6 ST SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Corresponding author: Małgorzata Marjańska, Ph.D., Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, 2021 6 Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States, Phone: 1-612-625-4894, Fax: 1-612-626-2004,
| | - Dinesh K. Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6 ST SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - James S. Hodges
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 2221 University Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - J. Riley McCarten
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 12-112 PWB, 516 Delaware ST SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura S. Hemmy
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - Andrea Grant
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6 ST SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6 ST SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Deelchand DK, Auerbach EJ, Kobayashi N, Marjańska M. Transverse relaxation time constants of the five major metabolites in human brain measured in vivo using LASER and PRESS at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1260-1265. [PMID: 28691380 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to measure and compare the apparent transverse relaxation time constants (T2 ) of five intracellular metabolites using localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (LASER) and point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequences in the human brain at 3 T. METHODS Five healthy subjects were studied at 3 T. 1 H spectra from the prefrontal cortex were acquired at six different echo times using LASER and PRESS sequences. Postprocessed data were analyzed with LCModel, and the resulting amplitudes were fitted using a mono-exponential decay function to determine the T2 of metabolites. RESULTS Twenty-one percent higher apparent T2 values for the singlet resonances of N-acetyl aspartate, total creatine, and total choline were measured with LASER as compared with PRESS, whereas comparable apparent T2 values were measured for strongly coupled metabolites, glutamate, and myo-inositol, with both sequences. CONCLUSIONS Reliable T2 measurements were obtained with both sequences for the five major intracellular metabolites. The LASER sequence appears to be more efficient in suppressing the diffusion component for singlets (having nonexchangeable protons) compared to J-coupled metabolites. Magn Reson Med 79:1260-1265, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Edward J Auerbach
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naoharu Kobayashi
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Zeydan B, Deelchand DK, Tosakulwong N, Lesnick TG, Kantarci OH, Machulda MM, Knopman DS, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Öz G, Kantarci K. Decreased Glutamate Levels in Patients with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: An sLASER Proton MR Spectroscopy and PiB-PET Study. J Neuroimaging 2017; 27:630-636. [PMID: 28661060 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glutamate levels may be informative about the declining neuronal health in the central nervous system. We used an advanced proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) protocol composed of semi-localization by adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) localization and FAST(EST)MAP shimming for detection of alterations in brain glutamate concentrations in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. METHODS Participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (n = 14; median age = 80) and age- and sex-matched clinically normal controls (n = 32; median age = 79) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging were recruited prospectively to the 3T single-voxel 1 H-MRS study that examined metabolite changes in the posterior cingulate gyri. To be included, controls had to have low β-amyloid load on [11 C] Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET (standard uptake value ratio; SUVr < 1.42) and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment had to have high β-amyloid load (SUVr ≥ 1.42). RESULTS Glutamate concentration and the glutamate/myo-inositol ratio were lower in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment than clinically normal controls (P < .05). Higher global cortical PiB-PET SUVr correlated with lower glutamate/myo-inositol (r = -.3, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS The advanced sLASER with FAST(EST)MAP shimming is a promising protocol for identifying glutamate alterations. Advanced 1 H-MRS protocols may add to the understanding of early Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology through detection of glutamate concentration in posterior cingulate gyri of individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Zeydan
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nirubol Tosakulwong
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Orhun H Kantarci
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Gülin Öz
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Marjańska M, McCarten JR, Hodges J, Hemmy LS, Grant A, Deelchand DK, Terpstra M. Region-specific aging of the human brain as evidenced by neurochemical profiles measured noninvasively in the posterior cingulate cortex and the occipital lobe using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 T. Neuroscience 2017; 354:168-177. [PMID: 28476320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of fourteen neurochemicals associated with metabolism, neurotransmission, antioxidant capacity, and cellular structure were measured noninvasively from two distinct brain regions using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Seventeen young adults (age 19-22years) and sixteen cognitively normal older adults (age 70-88years) were scanned. To increase sensitivity and specificity, 1H magnetic resonance spectra were obtained at the ultra-high field of 7T and at ultra-short echo time. The concentrations of neurochemicals were determined using water as an internal reference and accounting for gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid content of the volume of interest. In the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), the concentrations of neurochemicals associated with energy (i.e., creatine plus phosphocreatine), membrane turnover (i.e., choline containing compounds), and gliosis (i.e., myo-inositol) were higher in the older adults while the concentrations of N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and phosphorylethanolamine (PE) were lower. In the occipital cortex (OCC), the concentration of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal viability, concentrations of the neurotransmitters Glu and NAAG, antioxidant ascorbate (Asc), and PE were lower in the older adults while the concentration of choline containing compounds was higher. Altogether, these findings shed light on how the human brain ages differently depending on region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th ST SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - J Riley McCarten
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, 12-112 PWB, 516 Delaware ST SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - James Hodges
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 2221 University Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55414, United States
| | - Laura S Hemmy
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 1 Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West, 2450 Riverside Ave S, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States
| | - Andrea Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church ST SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th ST SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, 2021 6th ST SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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Harris AD, Saleh MG, Edden RAE. Edited 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo: Methods and metabolites. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:1377-1389. [PMID: 28150876 PMCID: PMC5352552 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Proton magnetic resonance (1 H-MRS) spectrum contains information about the concentration of tissue metabolites within a predefined region of interest (a voxel). The conventional spectrum in some cases obscures information about less abundant metabolites due to limited separation and complex splitting of the metabolite peaks. One method to detect these metabolites is to reduce the complexity of the spectrum using editing. This review provides an overview of the one-dimensional editing methods available to interrogate these obscured metabolite peaks. These methods include sequence optimizations, echo-time averaging, J-difference editing methods (single BASING, dual BASING, and MEGA-PRESS), constant-time PRESS, and multiple quantum filtering. It then provides an overview of the brain metabolites whose detection can benefit from one or more of these editing approaches, including ascorbic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, lactate, aspartate, N-acetyl aspartyl glutamate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, glutathione, glutamate, glycine, and serine. Magn Reson Med 77:1377-1389, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A9, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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21
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Timm KN, Hu DE, Williams M, Wright AJ, Kettunen MI, Kennedy BWC, Larkin TJ, Dzien P, Marco-Rius I, Bohndiek SE, Brindle KM. Assessing Oxidative Stress in Tumors by Measuring the Rate of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]Dehydroascorbic Acid Reduction Using 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:1737-1748. [PMID: 27994059 PMCID: PMC5290948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.761536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid cancer cell proliferation promotes the production of reducing equivalents, which counteract the effects of relatively high levels of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species levels increase in response to chemotherapy and cell death, whereas an increase in antioxidant capacity can confer resistance to chemotherapy and is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. The pentose phosphate pathway is a major site of NADPH production in the cell, which is used to maintain the main intracellular antioxidant, glutathione, in its reduced state. Previous studies have shown that the rate of hyperpolarized [1-13C]dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) reduction, which can be measured in vivo using non-invasive 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, is increased in tumors and that this is correlated with the levels of reduced glutathione. We show here that the rate of hyperpolarized [1-13C]DHA reduction is increased in tumors that have been oxidatively prestressed by depleting the glutathione pool by buthionine sulfoximine treatment. This increase was associated with a corresponding increase in pentose phosphate pathway flux, assessed using 13C-labeled glucose, and an increase in glutaredoxin activity, which catalyzes the glutathione-dependent reduction of DHA. These results show that the rate of DHA reduction depends not only on the level of reduced glutathione, but also on the rate of NADPH production, contradicting the conclusions of some previous studies. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]DHA can be used, therefore, to assess the capacity of tumor cells to resist oxidative stress in vivo However, DHA administration resulted in transient respiratory arrest and cardiac depression, which may prevent translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin N Timm
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - De-En Hu
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Williams
- the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Wright
- the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Mikko I Kettunen
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Brett W C Kennedy
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Larkin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Dzien
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom; the Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom.
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22
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Li JF, Huang PC, Wu FY. Specific pH effect for selective colorimetric assay of glutathione using anti-aggregation of label-free gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00399d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An operationally simple colorimetric method for measuring glutathione (GSH) concentration was developed using anti-aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Li
- College of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
| | | | - Fang-Ying Wu
- College of Chemistry
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330031
- China
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23
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Glutathione in the human brain: Review of its roles and measurement by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2016; 529:127-143. [PMID: 28034792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the transport, synthesis and catabolism of glutathione in the brain as well as its compartmentation and biochemistry in different brain cells. The major reactions involving glutathione are reviewed and the factors limiting its availability in brain cells are discussed. We also describe and critique current methods for measuring glutathione in the human brain using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and review the literature on glutathione measurements in healthy brains and in neurological, psychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental conditions In summary: Healthy human brain glutathione concentration is ∼1-2 mM, but it varies by brain region, with evidence of gender differences and age effects; in neurological disease glutathione appears reduced in multiple sclerosis, motor neurone disease and epilepsy, while being increased in meningiomas; in psychiatric disease the picture is complex and confounded by methodological differences, regional effects, length of disease and drug-treatment. Both increases and decreases in glutathione have been reported in depression and schizophrenia. In Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment there is evidence for a decrease in glutathione compared to age-matched healthy controls. Improved methods to measure glutathione in vivo will provide better precision in glutathione determination and help resolve the complex biochemistry of this molecule in health and disease.
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Xu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Huang Q, Shen Z, Wu R. Evaluation of neuron-glia integrity by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Implications for psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:563-577. [PMID: 27702600 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) has been widely applied in human studies. There is now a large literature describing findings of brain MRS studies with mental disorder patients including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. However, the findings are mixed and cannot be reconciled by any of the existing interpretations. Here we proposed the new theory of neuron-glia integrity to explain the findings of brain 1H-MRS stuies. It proposed the neurochemical correlates of neuron-astrocyte integrity and axon-myelin integrity on the basis of update of neurobiological knowledge about neuron-glia communication and of experimental MRS evidence for impairments in neuron-glia integrity from the authors and the other investigators. Following the neuron-glia integrity theories, this review collected evidence showing that glutamate/glutamine change is a good marker for impaired neuron-astrocyte integrity and that changes in N-acetylaspartate and lipid precursors reflect impaired myelination. Moreover, this new theory enables us to explain the differences between MRS findings in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Xu
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China.
| | - Handi Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Qingjun Huang
- The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- The Department of Radiology, the second affiliated hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
| | - Renhua Wu
- The Department of Radiology, the second affiliated hospital, Shantou University Medical College, China
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25
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Sanaei Nezhad F, Anton A, Parkes LM, Deakin B, Williams SR. Quantification of glutathione in the human brain by MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla: Comparison of PRESS and MEGA-PRESS. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1257-1266. [PMID: 27797108 PMCID: PMC5469715 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione (GSH) is an important intracellular antioxidant in the brain. A number of studies report its measurement by localized 1 H spectroscopy using PRESS and STEAM. This study evaluates the reliability and accuracy of GSH measurements from PRESS at 3 Tesla (T) and compares the results to those obtained with MEGA-PRESS. METHODS Phantoms containing brain metabolites, identical except for variable GSH concentration between 0 and 24 mM, were scanned using PRESS (echo time (TE) = 35 ms) and MEGA-PRESS (optimized TE = 130 ms) at 3 T. Spectra of the anterior cingulate cortex and occipital cortex in seven healthy volunteers were also acquired. RESULTS Phantom GSH concentrations from 0 to 3mM were unreliably quantified using PRESS, although at 4 mM and above there was a linear relationship between measured and true concentrations (R2 = 0.99). Using MEGA-PRESS, there was no signal detected at 0 mM GSH, plus a linear relationship (R2 = 0.99) over the full range from 0-24 mM. In brain, concentrations calculated from MEGA-PRESS and PRESS were significantly different in occipital cortex (P < 0.001). Moreover, only MEGA-PRESS reported significant differences in GSH between the two brain regions (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Due to uncertainties in GSH quantification raised by the study, the authors conclude that physiological concentrations (<4 mM) of GSH cannot be reliably quantified from PRESS (TE = 35 ms) spectra at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 78:1257-1266, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Sanaei Nezhad
- Centre for Imaging ScienceManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Adriana Anton
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Laura M. Parkes
- Centre for Imaging ScienceManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Bill Deakin
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry UnitManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen R. Williams
- Centre for Imaging ScienceManchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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Deelchand DK, Marjańska M, Hodges JS, Terpstra M. Sensitivity and specificity of human brain glutathione concentrations measured using short-TE (1)H MRS at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:600-6. [PMID: 26900755 PMCID: PMC4833663 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the MR editing techniques that have traditionally been used for the measurement of glutathione (GSH) concentrations in vivo address the problem of spectral overlap, they suffer detriments associated with inherently long TEs. The purpose of this study was to characterize the sensitivity and specificity for the quantification of GSH concentrations without editing at short TE. The approach was to measure synthetically generated changes in GSH concentrations from in vivo stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) spectra after in vitro GSH spectra had been added to or subtracted from them. Spectra from five test subjects were synthetically altered to mimic changes in the GSH signal. To account for different background noise between measurements, retest spectra (from the same individuals as used to generate the altered data) and spectra from five other individuals were compared with the synthetically altered spectra to investigate the reliability of the quantification of GSH concentration. Using STEAM spectroscopy at 7 T, GSH concentration differences on the order of 20% were detected between test and retest studies, as well as between differing populations in a small sample (n = 5) with high accuracy (R(2) > 0.99) and certainty (p ≤ 0.01). Both increases and decreases in GSH concentration were reliably quantified with small impact on the quantification of ascorbate and γ-aminobutyric acid. These results show the feasibility of using short-TE (1)H MRS to measure biologically relevant changes and differences in human brain GSH concentration. Although these outcomes are specific to the experimental approach used and the spectral quality achieved, this study serves as a template for the analogous scrutiny of quantification reliability for other compounds, methodologies and spectral qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K. Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James S. Hodges
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Chan KL, Puts NAJ, Snoussi K, Harris AD, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Echo time optimization for J-difference editing of glutathione at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:498-504. [PMID: 26918659 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the echo time (TE) dependence of J-difference editing of glutathione and to determine the optimal TE for in vivo measurements at 3T. METHODS Spatially resolved density-matrix simulations and phantom experiments were performed at a range of TEs to establish the spatial and TE modulation of glutathione signals in editing-on, editing-off, and difference spectra at 3T. In vivo data were acquired in five healthy subjects to compare a TE of 68 ms and a TE of 120 ms. At the longer TE, high-bandwidth, frequency-modulated, slice-selective refocusing pulses were also compared with conventional amplitude-modulated pulses. RESULTS Simulations and relaxation-corrected phantom experiments suggest that the maximum edited signal occurs at TE 160 ms, ignoring transverse relaxation. Considering in vivo T2 relaxation times of 67-89 ms, the optimal in vivo TE is estimated to be 120 ms. In vivo measurements showed that this TE yielded 15% more signal than TE 68 ms. A further gain of 57% resulted from using improved slice-selective refocusing pulses. CONCLUSION J-difference editing of glutathione using TE 120 ms delivers increased signal due to improved editing efficiency that more than offsets T2 losses. The additional TE also allows for use of improved slice-selective refocusing pulses, which results in additional signal gains. Magn Reson Med 77:498-504, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karim Snoussi
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lener MS, Iosifescu DV. In pursuit of neuroimaging biomarkers to guide treatment selection in major depressive disorder: a review of the literature. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1344:50-65. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc S. Lener
- Department of Psychiatry; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
| | - Dan V. Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York New York
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Lin AP, Ramadan S, Stern RA, Box HC, Nowinski CJ, Ross BD, Mountford CE. Changes in the neurochemistry of athletes with repetitive brain trauma: preliminary results using localized correlated spectroscopy. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2015; 7:13. [PMID: 25780390 PMCID: PMC4361214 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-015-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The goal was to identify which neurochemicals differ in professional athletes with repetitive brain trauma (RBT) when compared to healthy controls using a relatively new technology, in vivo Localized COrrelated SpectroscopY (L-COSY). Methods To achieve this, L-COSY was used to examine five former professional male athletes with 11 to 28 years of exposure to contact sports. Each athlete who had had multiple symptomatic concussions and repetitive sub concussive trauma during their career was assessed by an experienced neuropsychologist. All athletes had clinical symptoms including headaches, memory loss, confusion, impaired judgment, impulse control problems, aggression, and depression. Five healthy men, age and weight matched to the athlete cohort and with no history of brain trauma, were recruited as controls. Data were collected from the posterior cingulate gyrus using a 3 T clinical magnetic resonance scanner equipped with a 32 channel head coil. Results The variation of the method was calculated by repeated examination of a healthy control and phantom and found to be 10% and 5%, respectively, or less. The L-COSY measured large and statistically significant differences (P ≤0.05), between healthy controls and those athletes with RBT. Men with RBT showed higher levels of glutamine/glutamate (31%), choline (65%), fucosylated molecules (60%) and phenylalanine (46%). The results were evaluated and the sample size of five found to achieve a significance level P = 0.05 and a power of 90%. Differences in N-acetyl aspartate and myo-inositol between RBT and controls were small and were not statistically significance. Conclusions A study of a small cohort of professional athletes, with a history of RBT and symptoms of chronic traumatic encephalopathy when compared with healthy controls using 2D L-COSY, showed elevations in brain glutamate/glutamine and choline as recorded previously for early traumatic brain injury. For the first time increases in phenylalanine and fucose are recorded in the brains of athletes with RBT. Larger studies utilizing the L-COSY method may offer an in-life method of diagnosis and personalized approach for monitoring the acute effects of mild traumatic brain injury and the chronic effects of RBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Street HIM-820, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Street HIM-820, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Centre for MR in Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308 Australia
| | - Robert A Stern
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA ; BU Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Hayden C Box
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Street HIM-820, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Christopher J Nowinski
- Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118 USA ; Sports Legacy Institute, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
| | - Brian D Ross
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Street HIM-820, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Clinical Spectroscopy, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA 91105 USA
| | - Carolyn E Mountford
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Department of Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Street HIM-820, Boston, MA 02115 USA ; Centre for MR in Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308 Australia
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Hulsey KM, Mashimo T, Banerjee A, Soesbe TC, Spence JS, Vemireddy V, Maher EA, Bachoo RM, Choi C. ¹H MRS characterization of neurochemical profiles in orthotopic mouse models of human brain tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:108-115. [PMID: 25394324 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor, is resistant to currently available treatments. The development of mouse models of human GBM has provided a tool for studying mechanisms involved in tumor initiation and growth as well as a platform for preclinical investigation of new drugs. In this study we used (1) H MR spectroscopy to study the neurochemical profile of a human orthotopic tumor (HOT) mouse model of human GBM. The goal of this study was to evaluate differences in metabolite concentrations in the GBM HOT mice when compared with normal mouse brain in order to determine if MRS could reliably differentiate tumor from normal brain. A TE =19 ms PRESS sequence at 9.4 T was used for measuring metabolite levels in 12 GBM mice and 8 healthy mice. Levels for 12 metabolites and for lipids/macromolecules at 0.9 ppm and at 1.3 ppm were reliably detected in all mouse spectra. The tumors had significantly lower concentrations of total creatine, GABA, glutamate, total N-acetylaspartate, aspartate, lipids/macromolecules at 0.9 ppm, and lipids/macromolecules at 1.3 ppm than did the brains of normal mice. The concentrations of glycine and lactate, however, were significantly higher in tumors than in normal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith M Hulsey
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Santin MD, Valabrègue R, Rivals I, Pénager R, Paquin R, Dauphinot L, Albac C, Delatour B, Potier MC. In vivo 1H MRS study in microlitre voxels in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Down syndrome at 11.7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1143-50. [PMID: 25088227 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report in vivo (1)H MRS performed in 1.8-μL voxels in a mouse model of Down syndrome (DS). To characterise the excitation-inhibition imbalance observed in DS, metabolite concentrations in the hippocampi of adult Ts65Dn mice, which recapitulate features of DS, were compared with those of their euploid littermates at a voxel 42-fold smaller than in a previously published study. Quantification of the metabolites was performed using a linear combination model. We detected 16 metabolites in the right and left hippocampi. Principal component analysis revealed that the absolute concentrations of the 16 detected metabolites could differentiate between Ts65Dn and euploid hippocampi. Although measurements in the left and right hippocampi were highly correlated, the concentration of individual metabolites was sometimes significantly different in the left and right structures. Thus, bilateral values from Ts65Dn and euploid mice were further compared with Hotelling's test. The level of glutamine was found to be significantly lower, whereas myo-inositol was significantly higher, in the hippocampi of Ts65Dn relative to euploid mice. However, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels remained similar between the groups. Thus, the excitation-inhibition imbalance described in DS does not appear to be related to a radical change in the levels of either GABA or glutamate in the hippocampus. In conclusion, microliter MRS appears to be a valuable tool to detect changes associated with DS, which may be useful in investigating whether differences can be rescued after pharmacological treatments or supplementation with glutamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu D Santin
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013, Paris, France; Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche, ICM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Do QN, Ratnakar JS, Kovács Z, Sherry AD. Redox- and hypoxia-responsive MRI contrast agents. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1116-29. [PMID: 24825674 PMCID: PMC4119595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of responsive or "smart" magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that can report specific biomarker or biological events has been the focus of MRI contrast agent research over the past 20 years. Among various biological hallmarks of interest, tissue redox and hypoxia are particularly important owing to their roles in disease states and metabolic consequences. Herein we review the development of redox-/hypoxia-sensitive T1 shortening and paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (PARACEST) MRI contrast agents. Traditionally, the relaxivity of redox-sensitive Gd(3+) -based complexes is modulated through changes in the ligand structure or molecular rotation, while PARACEST sensors exploit the sensitivity of the metal-bound water exchange rate to electronic effects of the ligand-pendant arms and alterations in the coordination geometry. Newer designs involve complexes of redox-active metal ions in which the oxidation states have different magnetic properties. The challenges of translating redox- and hypoxia-sensitive agents in vivo are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen N. Do
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
| | - James S. Ratnakar
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - Zoltán Kovács
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
| | - A. Dean Sherry
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell, BE26, Richardson, TX 75080 (USA)
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390 (USA)
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Durazzo TC, Mattsson N, Weiner MW. Smoking and increased Alzheimer's disease risk: a review of potential mechanisms. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:S122-45. [PMID: 24924665 PMCID: PMC4098701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has been linked with both increased and decreased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This is relevant for the US military because the prevalence of smoking in the military is approximately 11% higher than in civilians. METHODS A systematic review of published studies on the association between smoking and increased risk for AD and preclinical and human literature on the relationships between smoking, nicotine exposure, and AD-related neuropathology was conducted. Original data from comparisons of smoking and never-smoking cognitively normal elders on in vivo amyloid imaging are also presented. RESULTS Overall, literature indicates that former/active smoking is related to a significantly increased risk for AD. Cigarette smoke/smoking is associated with AD neuropathology in preclinical models and humans. Smoking-related cerebral oxidative stress is a potential mechanism promoting AD pathology and increased risk for AD. CONCLUSIONS A reduction in the incidence of smoking will likely reduce the future prevalence of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Durazzo
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIND), San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Rae CD. A Guide to the Metabolic Pathways and Function of Metabolites Observed in Human Brain 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectra. Neurochem Res 2013; 39:1-36. [PMID: 24258018 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Faster metabolite (1)H transverse relaxation in the elder human brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77572. [PMID: 24098589 PMCID: PMC3788805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is unique among imaging modalities because signals from several metabolites are measured during a single examination period. Each metabolite reflects a distinct intracellular process. Furthermore transverse (T2) relaxation times probe the viability of the cell microenvironment, e.g., the viscosity of the cellular fluids, the microscopic susceptibility distribution within the cells, and the iron content. In this study, T2s of brain metabolites were measured in the occipital lobe of eighteen young and fourteen elderly subjects at a field strength of 4 tesla. The T2s of N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, and total choline were 23%, 16% and 10% shorter in elderly than in young subjects. The findings of this study suggest that noninvasive detection of T2 provides useful biological information on changes in the cellular microenvironment that take place during aging.
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Muetzel RL, Marjańska M, Collins PF, Becker MP, Valabrègue R, Auerbach EJ, Lim KO, Luciana M. In vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in young-adult daily marijuana users. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2013; 2:581-589. [PMID: 23956957 PMCID: PMC3743264 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To date, there has been little work describing the neurochemical profile of young, heavy marijuana users. In this study, we examined 27 young-adult marijuana users and 26 healthy controls using single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 3 T scanner. The voxel was placed in the dorsal striatum, and estimated concentrations of glutamate + glutamine, myo-inositol, taurine + glucose, total choline and total N-acetylaspartate were examined between groups. There were no overall group effects, but two metabolites showed group by sex interactions. Lower levels of glutamate + glutamine (scaled to total creatine) were observed in female, but not male, marijuana users compared to controls. Higher levels of myo-inositol were observed in female users compared to female non-users and to males in both groups. Findings are discussed in relation to patterns of corticostriatal connectivity and function, in the context of marijuana abuse. The neurochemical profile of the basal ganglia was examined in young marijuana users. Glutamate/glutamine levels were lower in female users versus male users and controls. Higher myo-inositol levels were observed in female users as compared to other groups. Neurochemical impacts of marijuana may be particularly pronounced in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L Muetzel
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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37
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The neurochemical profile quantified by in vivo 1H NMR spectroscopy. Neuroimage 2012; 61:342-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Marjańska M, Auerbach EJ, Valabrègue R, Van de Moortele PF, Adriany G, Garwood M. Localized 1H NMR spectroscopy in different regions of human brain in vivo at 7 T: T2 relaxation times and concentrations of cerebral metabolites. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:332-9. [PMID: 21796710 PMCID: PMC3357544 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
At the high field strength of 7 T, in vivo spectra of the human brain with exceptional spectral quality sufficient to quantify 16 metabolites have been obtained previously only in the occipital lobe. However, neurochemical abnormalities associated with many brain disorders are expected to occur in brain structures other than the occipital lobe. The purpose of the present study was to obtain high-quality spectra from various brain regions at 7 T and to quantify the concentrations of different metabolites. To obtain concentrations of metabolites within four different regions of the brain, such as the occipital lobe, motor cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellum, the T(2) relaxation times of the singlets and J-coupled metabolites in these regions were measured for the first time at 7 T. Our results demonstrate that high-quality, quantifiable spectra can be obtained in regions other than the occipital lobe at 7 T utilizing a 16-channel transceiver coil and B(1)(+) shimming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Brain oxidative stress: detection and mapping of anti-oxidant marker 'Glutathione' in different brain regions of healthy male/female, MCI and Alzheimer patients using non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:43-8. [PMID: 22120629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) serves as an important anti-oxidant in the brain by scavenging harmful reactive oxygen species that are generated during different molecular processes. The GSH level in the brain provides indirect information on oxidative stress of the brain. We report in vivo detection of GSH non-invasively from various brain regions (frontal cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) in bilateral hemispheres of healthy male and female subjects and from bi-lateral frontal cortices in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). All AD patients who participated in this study were on medication with cholinesterase inhibitors. Healthy young male (age 26.4±3.0) and healthy young female (age 23.6±2.1) subjects have higher amount of GSH in the parietal cortical region and a specific GSH distribution pattern (parietal cortex>frontal cortex>hippocampus ~ cerebellum) has been found. Overall mean GSH content is higher in healthy young female compared to healthy young male subjects and GSH is distributed differently in two hemispheres among male and female subjects. In both young female and male subjects, statistically significant (p=0.02 for young female and p=0.001 for young male) difference in mean GSH content is found when compared between left frontal cortex (LFC) and right frontal cortex (RFC). In healthy young female subjects, we report statistically significant positive correlation of GSH content between RFC and LFC (r=0.641, p=0.004) as well as right parietal cortex (RPC) and left parietal cortex (LPC) (r=0.797, p=0.000) regions. In healthy young male subjects, statistically significant positive correlation of GSH content was observed between LFC and LPC (r=0.481, p=0.032) regions. This statistical analysis implicates that in case of a high GSH content in LPC of a young male, his LFC region would also contain high GSH and vice versa. The difference in mean of GSH content between healthy young female control and female AD patients in RFC region (p=0.003) and difference in mean of GSH content between healthy young male control and male AD patients (p=0.05) in LFC region is found to be statistically significant. It is the first scientific report correlating alteration (in selective brain regions) of GSH level with clinical status of male and female subjects using non-invasive imaging technique.
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O'Gorman RL, Michels L, Edden RA, Murdoch JB, Martin E. In vivo detection of GABA and glutamate with MEGA-PRESS: reproducibility and gender effects. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33:1262-7. [PMID: 21509888 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the reproducibility of γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate concentrations derived using three different spectral fitting methods, and to investigate gender-related differences in neurotransmitter levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Single voxel MEGA-edited PRESS MR spectra were acquired from a 30-mL voxel in the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex in 14 adult volunteers (7 female) at 3 Tesla (3T). For each participant, four consecutive resting spectra were acquired within the same scanning session. Metabolite concentrations were derived using LCModel, jMRUI, and locally written peak fitting software. The within-session reproducibility for each analysis method was calculated as the average coefficient of variation (CV) of the GABA and Glx (glutamate+glutamine) concentrations. Gender differences in GABA and Glx were evaluated using a two-tailed unpaired t-test. RESULTS LCModel provided the best reproducibility for both GABA (CV 7%) and Glx (CV 6%). GABA, Glx, and glutamate concentrations were significantly higher in the male participants, (P = 0.02, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION GABA and glutamate can be quantified in vivo with high reproducibility (CV 6-7%) using frequency-domain spectral fitting methods like LCModel. However, the GABA and glutamate concentrations vary significantly between men and women, emphasizing the importance of gender-matching for studies investigating differences in neurotransmitter concentrations between mixed-cohort groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth L O'Gorman
- MR Center, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
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