1
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Yong JRJ, Kupče Ē, Claridge TDW. The NOAH HSQC-COSY module revisited: A theoretical and practical comparison of pulse sequences. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2024; 367:107759. [PMID: 39216461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2024.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
NMR supersequences, as exemplified by the NOAH (NMR by Ordered Acquisition using 1H detection) technique, are a powerful way of acquiring multiple 2D data sets in much shorter durations. This is accomplished through targeted excitation and detection of the magnetisation belonging to specific isotopologues ('magnetisation pools'). Separately, the HSQC-COSY experiment has recently seen an increase in popularity due to the high signal dispersion in the indirect dimension and the removal of ambiguity traditionally associated with HSQC-TOCSY experiments. Here, we describe how the HSQC-COSY experiment can be integrated as a 'module' within NOAH supersequences. The benefits and drawbacks of several different pulse sequence implementations are discussed, with a particular focus on how sensitivities of other modules in the same supersequence are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R J Yong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom; The Alan Turing Institute, The British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB, United Kingdom(1)
| | - Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd, R&D, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom; Latvian Academy of Sciences, Akadēmijas Laukums 1, Riga LV-1050, Latvia(1)
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom; Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GE, United Kingdom(1).
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2
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McCullagh J, Probert F. New analytical methods focusing on polar metabolite analysis in mass spectrometry and NMR-based metabolomics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102466. [PMID: 38772215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Following in the footsteps of genomics and proteomics, metabolomics has revolutionised the way we investigate and understand biological systems. Rapid development in the last 25 years has been driven largely by technical innovations in mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. However, despite the modest size of metabolomes relative to proteomes and genomes, methodological capabilities for robust, comprehensive metabolite analysis remain a major challenge. Therefore, development of new methods and techniques remains vital for progress in the field. Here, we review developments in LC-MS, GC-MS and NMR methods in the last few years that have enhanced quantitative and comprehensive metabolome coverage, highlighting the techniques involved, their technical capabilities, relative performance, and potential impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McCullagh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Fay Probert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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3
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Ovbude ST, Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Olupathage H, Jones J, Bell RJ, Powers R, Hage DS. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124124. [PMID: 38640794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chromatography is a robust and reliable separation method that can use various stationary phases to separate complex mixtures commonly seen in metabolomics. This review examines the types of chromatography and stationary phases that have been used in targeted or untargeted metabolomics with methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. General considerations for sample pretreatment and separations in metabolomics are considered, along with the various supports and separation formats for chromatography that have been used in such work. The types of liquid chromatography (LC) that have been most extensively used in metabolomics will be examined, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, other forms of LC that have been used in more limited applications for metabolomics (e.g., ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity methods) will be discussed to illustrate how these techniques may be utilized for new and future research in this field. Multidimensional LC methods are also discussed, as well as the use of gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography in metabolomics. In addition, the roles of chromatography in NMR- vs. MS-based metabolomics are considered. Applications are given within the field of metabolomics for each type of chromatography, along with potential advantages or limitations of these separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Harshana Olupathage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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4
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Dorow RCC, Liebing P, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Coordination chemistry of alkali metal dimesityl-thio- and dimesityl-selenophosphinites [(L) 2A-EPMes 2] 2 (A = Li, Na, K; E = S, Se; L = THF, THP) and [(18C6)K-SPMes 2]. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5711-5720. [PMID: 38450524 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00264d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The reactions of dimesitylphosphane oxide Mes2P(O)H with Lawessons reagent and dimesitylphoshane with selenium yield Mes2P(E)H with E = S (1a) and E = Se (1b), respectively, with moderate yields. Metalation of dimesitylphosphane sulfide 1a with n-butyllithium, sodium hydride or potassium hydride in THF allows the isolation of dinuclear dimesityl-thiophosphinites of the type [(thf)2A-S-PMes2]2 [A = Li (4), Na (5), K (2a)] with central four-membered A2S2 rings. The weaker base THP leads to the very similar aggregate [(thp)2K-S-PMes2]2 (3a) as has also been observed for the homologous potassium dimesityl-selenophosphinites of the type [(L)2K-Se-PMes2]2 [L = thf (2b), thp (3b)]. Addition of 18-crown-6 ether leads to deaggregation and expectedly to formation of mononuclear [(18C6)K-S-PMes2] (6). Moderate yields have been obtained due to dismutation reactions that yield the corresponding phosphinates AE2PMes2 and phosphanides APMes2, a degradation process which has been observed earlier also for Li-O-PMes2. This side reaction hampers the application of these thio- and selenophosphinites as catalysts in the addition of phosphane sulfides and selenides across alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C C Dorow
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Phil Liebing
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Helmar Görls
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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5
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Novakovic M, Kim J, Su XC, Kupče E, Frydman L. Relaxation-Assisted Magnetization Transfer Phenomena for a Sensitivity-Enhanced 2D NMR. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18091-18098. [PMID: 38008904 PMCID: PMC10719887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
2D NOESY and TOCSY play central roles in contemporary NMR. We have recently discussed how solvent-driven exchanges can significantly enhance the sensitivity of such methods when attempting correlations between labile and nonlabile protons. This study explores two scenarios where similar sensitivity enhancements can be achieved in the absence of solvent exchange: the first one involves biomolecular paramagnetic systems, while the other involves small organic molecules in natural abundance. It is shown that, in both cases, the effects introduced by either differential paramagnetic shift and relaxation or by polarization sharing among networks of protons can provide a similar sensitivity boost, as previously discussed for solvent exchange. The origin and potential of the resulting enhancements are analyzed, and experiments that demonstrate them in protein and natural products are exemplified. Limitations and future improvements of these approaches are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihajlo Novakovic
- Departments
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Departments
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department
of Chemistry Education, Kyungpook National
University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun-Cheng Su
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - E̅riks Kupče
- Bruker
Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Departments
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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6
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Peschel JM, Reichel LS, Hoffmann T, Enzensperger C, Schubert US, Traeger A, Gottschaldt M. Modification of Branched Poly(ethylene imine) with d-Fructose for Selective Delivery of siRNA into Human Breast Cancer Cells. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300135. [PMID: 37565461 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Branched poly(ethylene imine) (bPEI) is frequently used in RNA interference (RNAi) experiments as a cationic polymer for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) because of its ability to form stable polyplexes that facilitate siRNA uptake. However, the use of bPEI in gene delivery is limited by its cytotoxicity and a need for target specificity. In this work, bPEI is modified with d-fructose to improve biocompatibility and target breast cancer cells through the overexpressed GLUT5 transporter. Fructose-substituted bPEI (Fru-bPEI) is accessible in three steps starting from commercially available protected fructopyranosides and bPEI. Several polymers with varying molecular weights, degrees of substitution, and linker positions on d-fructose (C1 and C3) are synthesized and characterized with NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analysis. In vitro biological screenings show significantly reduced cytotoxicity of 10 kDa bPEI after fructose functionalization, specific uptake of siRNA polyplexes, and targeted knockdown of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) compared to noncancer cells (HEK293T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Matthias Peschel
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liên Sabrina Reichel
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Sigmar Schubert
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
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7
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Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Sengupta S, Schüler P, Liebing P, Westerhausen M. Synthesis of Sterically Encumbered Alkaline-Earth Metal Amides Applying the In Situ Grignard Reagent Formation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300035. [PMID: 36734181 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium and calcium are too inert to deprotonate amines directly. For the synthesis of bulky amides alternative strategies are required and in the past, N-bound trialkylsilyl groups have been used to ease metalation reactions. The in situ Grignard reagent formation in stirred suspensions of magnesium or calcium with hydryl halide and imine in THF allows the synthesis of a plethora of amides with bulky silyl-free substituents. Ball milling protocols partially favor competitive side reactions such as aza-pinacol coupling reactions. Calcium is the advantageous choice for the in situ Grignard reagent formation and subsequent addition onto the imines yielding bulky calcium bis(amides) whereas the stronger reducing heavier alkaline-earth metals strontium and barium are less selective and hence, the aza-pinacol coupling reaction becomes competitive. Exemplary, the solid-state molecular structures of [(Et2 O)Mg(N(Ph)(CHPh2 )2 ] and [(Et2 O)2 Ca(N(Ph)(CHPh2 )2 ] have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sengupta
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
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9
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Dumez JN. NMR methods for the analysis of mixtures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13855-13872. [PMID: 36458684 PMCID: PMC9753098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful approach for the analysis of mixtures. Its usefulness arises in large part from the vast landscape of methods, and corresponding pulse sequences, that have been and are being designed to tackle the specific properties of mixtures of small molecules. This feature article describes a selection of methods that aim to address the complexity, the low concentrations, and the changing nature that mixtures can display. These notably include pure-shift and diffusion NMR methods, hyperpolarisation methods, and fast 2D NMR methods such as ultrafast 2D NMR and non-uniform sampling. Examples or applications are also described, in fields such as reaction monitoring and metabolomics, to illustrate the relevance and limitations of different methods.
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10
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Schüler P, Sengupta S, Koch A, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. In situ Grignard Metalation Method, Part II: Scope of the One-Pot Synthesis of Organocalcium Compounds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201897. [PMID: 35912418 PMCID: PMC9804548 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The in situ Grignard Metalation Method (iGMM) is a straightforward one-pot strategy to synthesize alkaline-earth metal amides in multi-gram scale with high yields via addition of bromoethane to an ethereal suspension of a primary or secondary amine and magnesium (Part I) or calcium (Part II). This method is highly advantageous because no activation of calcium is required prior to the reaction. Contrary to the magnesium-based iGMM, there are some limitations, the most conspicuous one is the large influence of steric factors. The preparation of Ca(hmds)2 succeeds smoothly within a few hours with excellent yields opening the opportunity to prepare large amounts of this reagent. Side reactions and transfer of the iGMM to substituted anilines and N-heterocycles as well as other H-acidic substrates such as cyclopentadienes are studied. Bulky amidines cannot be converted directly to calcium amidinates via the iGMM but stoichiometric calciation with Ca(hmds)2 enables their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Simon Sengupta
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
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11
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Sengupta S, Schüler P, Görls H, Liebing P, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. In Situ Grignard Metalation Method for the Synthesis of Hauser Bases. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201359. [PMID: 35686618 PMCID: PMC9546396 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The in situ Grignard Metalation Method (iGMM) is a straightforward one-pot procedure to quickly produce multigram amounts of Hauser bases R2 N-MgBr which are valuable and vastly used metalation reagents and novel electrolytes for magnesium batteries. During addition of bromoethane to a suspension of Mg metal and secondary amine at room temperature in an ethereal solvent, a smooth reaction yields R2 N-MgBr under evolution of ethane within a few hours. A Schlenk equilibrium is operative, interconverting the Hauser bases into their solvated homoleptic congeners Mg(NR2 )2 and MgBr2 depending on the solvent. Scope and preconditions are studied, and side reactions limiting the yield have been investigated. DOSY NMR experiments and X-ray crystal structures of characteristic examples clarify aggregation in solution and the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sengupta
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
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12
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Wishart DS, Cheng LL, Copié V, Edison AS, Eghbalnia HR, Hoch JC, Gouveia GJ, Pathmasiri W, Powers R, Schock TB, Sumner LW, Uchimiya M. NMR and Metabolomics-A Roadmap for the Future. Metabolites 2022; 12:678. [PMID: 35893244 PMCID: PMC9394421 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics investigates global metabolic alterations associated with chemical, biological, physiological, or pathological processes. These metabolic changes are measured with various analytical platforms including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). While LC-MS methods are becoming increasingly popular in the field of metabolomics (accounting for more than 70% of published metabolomics studies to date), there are considerable benefits and advantages to NMR-based methods for metabolomic studies. In fact, according to PubMed, more than 926 papers on NMR-based metabolomics were published in 2021-the most ever published in a given year. This suggests that NMR-based metabolomics continues to grow and has plenty to offer to the scientific community. This perspective outlines the growing applications of NMR in metabolomics, highlights several recent advances in NMR technologies for metabolomics, and provides a roadmap for future advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Wishart
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Leo L. Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA;
| | - Arthur S. Edison
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.S.E.); (G.J.G.); (M.U.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-0001, USA
| | - Hamid R. Eghbalnia
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA; (H.R.E.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Jeffrey C. Hoch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA; (H.R.E.); (J.C.H.)
| | - Goncalo J. Gouveia
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.S.E.); (G.J.G.); (M.U.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-0001, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Tracey B. Schock
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Chemical Sciences Division, Charleston, SC 29412, USA;
| | - Lloyd W. Sumner
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, MU Metabolomics Center, Bond Life Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mario Uchimiya
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.S.E.); (G.J.G.); (M.U.)
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13
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Fels L, Bunzel M. Application of accelerated heteronuclear single quantum coherence experiments to the rapid quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides in dairy products. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:692-701. [PMID: 35102606 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monosaccharides and disaccharides are important dietary components, but if insufficiently metabolized by some population subgroups, they are also linked to disease patterns. Thus, the correct analytical identification, quantification, and labeling of these food components are crucial to inform and potentially protect consumers. Enzymatic assays and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection are established methods for the quantification of monosaccharides and disaccharides that, however, require long measuring times (60-180 min). Accelerated methods for the identification and quantification of the nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose were therefore developed. To realize this goal, the NMR experiments HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) and acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization (ASAP)-HSQC were applied. Measurement times were reduced to 27 and 6 min, respectively, by optimizing the interscan delay and applying non-uniform sampling. The optimized methods were used to quantify d-glucose, d-galactose, d-fructose, sucrose, and lactose in various dairy products. Results of the HSQC and ASAP-HSQC methods are equivalent to the results of the reference methods in terms of both precision and accuracy, demonstrating that these methods can be used to correctly analyze nutritionally relevant monosaccharides and disaccharides in short times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Fels
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirko Bunzel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Institute of Applied Biosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Fels L, Ruf F, Bunzel M. Quantification of Isomaltulose in Food Products by Using Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence NMR-Experiments. Front Nutr 2022; 9:928102. [PMID: 35832046 PMCID: PMC9271938 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.928102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Isomaltulose is a commonly used sweetener in sports nutrition and in products intended for consumption by diabetics. Because previously established chromatographic methods for quantification of isomaltulose suffer from long analysis times (60–210 min), faster quantitative approaches are required. Here, an HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) experiment with reduced interscan delay was established in order to quantify isomaltulose next to potential additional sugars such as d-glucose, d-fructose, d-galactose, sucrose, lactose, and maltose in 53 min. By using HSQC coupled to non-uniform sampling (NUS) as well as ASAP-HSQC (acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization), analysis times were reduced to a few minutes. Application of NUS-HSQC with reduced interscan delay takes 27 min, resulting in accurate and precise data. In principle, application of ASAP-HSQC approaches (with analysis times as low as 6 min) can be used; however, precision data may not suffice all applications.
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15
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Lhoste C, Lorandel B, Praud C, Marchand A, Mishra R, Dey A, Bernard A, Dumez JN, Giraudeau P. Ultrafast 2D NMR for the analysis of complex mixtures. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 130-131:1-46. [PMID: 36113916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D NMR is extensively used in many different fields, and its potential for the study of complex biochemical or chemical mixtures has been widely demonstrated. 2D NMR gives the ability to resolve peaks that overlap in 1D spectra, while providing both structural and quantitative information. However, complex mixtures are often analysed in situations where the data acquisition time is a crucial limitation, due to an ongoing chemical reaction or a moving sample from a hyphenated technique, or to the high-throughput requirement associated with large sample collections. Among the great diversity of available fast 2D methods, ultrafast (or single-scan) 2D NMR is probably the most general and versatile approach for complex mixture analysis. Indeed, ultrafast NMR has undergone an impressive number of methodological developments that have helped turn it into an efficient analytical tool, and numerous applications to the analysis of mixtures have been reported. This review first summarizes the main concepts, features and practical limitations of ultrafast 2D NMR, as well as the methodological developments that improved its analytical potential. Then, a detailed description of the main applications of ultrafast 2D NMR to mixture analysis is given. The two major application fields of ultrafast 2D NMR are first covered, i.e., reaction/process monitoring and metabolomics. Then, the potential of ultrafast 2D NMR for the analysis of hyperpolarized mixtures is described, as well as recent developments in oriented media. This review focuses on high-resolution liquid-state 2D experiments (including benchtop NMR) that include at least one spectroscopic dimension (i.e., 2D spectroscopy and DOSY) but does not cover in depth applications without spectral resolution and/or in inhomogeneous fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Lhoste
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | | | - Clément Praud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Achille Marchand
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Rituraj Mishra
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Arnab Dey
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
| | - Aurélie Bernard
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, Nantes F-44000, France
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16
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Schüler P, Krieck S, Görls H, Liebing P, Westerhausen M. Sterically shielded primary anilides of the alkaline-earth metals of the type (thf) nAe(NH-Ar*) 2 (Ae = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; Ar* = bulky aryl). Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8461-8471. [PMID: 35603695 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalation of 2,4,6-triphenylphenylamine (H2N-C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3, 1a) and 4-methyl-2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)aniline (2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-p-toluidine, H2N-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2, 2a) with dibutylmagnesium and Ae[N(SiMe3)2]2 with a stoichiometric 1 : 2 ratio in THF at room temperature yields the corresponding primary anilides [(thf)nAe{N(H)-C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3}2] (Ae/n = Mg/2 (1b), Ca/2 (1c), Sr/3 (1d), and Ba/3 (1e)) and [(thf)nAe{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2}2] (Ae/n = Mg/2 (2b), Ca/3 (2c) and Sr/2 (2d)), respectively. The 1 : 1 reaction of Mg(n/sBu)2 and MgPh2 with 2a leads to the formation of heteroleptic [(thf)2Mg(R){N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2,6-(CHPh2)2}] (R = n/sBu (2bBu), Ph (2bPh)). At 50 °C, the strontium complex 2d liberates one equivalent of 2avia intramolecular deprotonation of the triarylmethyl functionality yielding dinuclear [(thf)2Sr{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2-(CPh2)-6-(CHPh2)2}]2 (2d'). The barium compound is significantly more reactive and regardless of applied stoichiometry the isotypic barium congener [(thf)2Ba{N(H)-C6H2-4-Me-2-(CPh2)-6-(CHPh2)2}]2 (2e') forms. The molecular structures of 1c, 2d, 2d', and 2e' are stabilized by metal-phenyl π-interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany.
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17
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Haller J, Goodwin D, Luy B. SORDOR pulses: expansion of the Böhlen-Bodenhausen scheme for low-power broadband magnetic resonance. MAGNETIC RESONANCE (GOTTINGEN, GERMANY) 2022; 3:53-63. [PMID: 37905174 PMCID: PMC10539771 DOI: 10.5194/mr-3-53-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of efficient broadband pulse, called second-order phase dispersion by optimised rotation (SORDOR), has recently been introduced. In contrast to adiabatic excitation, SORDOR-90 pulses provide effective transverse 90∘ rotations throughout their bandwidth, with a quadratic offset dependence of the phase in the x , y plane. Together with phase-matched SORDOR-180 pulses, this enables the Böhlen-Bodenhausen broadband refocusing approach for linearly frequency-swept pulses to be extended to any type of 90∘ /180∘ pulse-delay sequence. Example pulse shapes are characterised in theory and experiment, and an example application is given with a 19 F -PROJECT experiment for measuring relaxation times with reduced distortions due to J -coupling evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens D. Haller
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 – Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David L. Goodwin
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 – Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 – Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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18
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Ben-Tal Y, Boaler PJ, Dale HJA, Dooley RE, Fohn NA, Gao Y, García-Domínguez A, Grant KM, Hall AMR, Hayes HLD, Kucharski MM, Wei R, Lloyd-Jones GC. Mechanistic analysis by NMR spectroscopy: A users guide. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 129:28-106. [PMID: 35292133 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 'principles and practice' tutorial-style review of the application of solution-phase NMR in the analysis of the mechanisms of homogeneous organic and organometallic reactions and processes. This review of 345 references summarises why solution-phase NMR spectroscopy is uniquely effective in such studies, allowing non-destructive, quantitative analysis of a wide range of nuclei common to organic and organometallic reactions, providing exquisite structural detail, and using instrumentation that is routinely available in most chemistry research facilities. The review is in two parts. The first comprises an introduction to general techniques and equipment, and guidelines for their selection and application. Topics include practical aspects of the reaction itself, reaction monitoring techniques, NMR data acquisition and processing, analysis of temporal concentration data, NMR titrations, DOSY, and the use of isotopes. The second part comprises a series of 15 Case Studies, each selected to illustrate specific techniques and approaches discussed in the first part, including in situ NMR (1/2H, 10/11B, 13C, 15N, 19F, 29Si, 31P), kinetic and equilibrium isotope effects, isotope entrainment, isotope shifts, isotopes at natural abundance, scalar coupling, kinetic analysis (VTNA, RPKA, simulation, steady-state), stopped-flow NMR, flow NMR, rapid injection NMR, pure shift NMR, dynamic nuclear polarisation, 1H/19F DOSY NMR, and in situ illumination NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Ben-Tal
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Boaler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey J A Dale
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E Dooley
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom; Evotec (UK) Ltd, 114 Innovation Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole A Fohn
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés García-Domínguez
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Katie M Grant
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M R Hall
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L D Hayes
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maciej M Kucharski
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom.
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19
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Suitability of Carbazolyl Hauser and Turbo‐Hauser Bases as Magnesium‐Based Electrolytes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Westerhausen M, Mandel MJ, Müller C, Görls H, Krieck S. Metalation of Aryl‐bis(3‐alkyl‐5‐methylpyrazol‐1‐yl)methane (Alkyl = Me, Ad; Aryl = Ph, C6H4‐2‐OH) with NaN(SiMe3)2, KN(SiMe3)2, and Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles J. Mandel
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Christoph Müller
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Helmar Görls
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Sven Krieck
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry GERMANY
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21
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Schüler P, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. One-Step Synthesis and Schlenk-Type Equilibrium of Cyclopentadienylmagnesium Bromides. Chemistry 2021; 27:15508-15515. [PMID: 34468050 PMCID: PMC8597043 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the in situ Grignard metalation method (iGMM), the addition of bromoethane to a suspension of magnesium turnings and cyclopentadienes [C5 H6 (HCp), C5 H5 -Si(iPr)3 (HCpTIPS )] in diethyl ether smoothly yields heteroleptic [(Et2 O)Mg(CpR )(μ-Br)]2 (CpR =Cp (1), CpTIPS (2)). The Schlenk equilibrium of 2 in toluene leads to ligand exchange and formation of homoleptic [Mg(CpR )2 ] (3) and [(Et2 O)MgBr(μ-Br)]2 (4). Interfering solvation and aggregation as well as ligand redistribution equilibria hamper a quantitative elucidation of thermodynamic data for the Schlenk equilibrium of 2 in toluene. In ethereal solvents, mononuclear species [(Et2 O)2 Mg(CpTIPS )Br] (2'), [(Et2 O)n Mg(CpTIPS )2 ] (3'), and [(Et2 O)2 MgBr2 ] (4') coexist. Larger coordination numbers can be realized with cyclic ethers like tetrahydropyran allowing crystallization of [(thp)4 MgBr2 ] (5). The interpretation of the temperature-dependency of the Schlenk equilibrium constant in diethyl ether gives a reaction enthalpy ΔH and reaction entropy ΔS of -11.5 kJ mol-1 and 60 J mol-1 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstraße 807743JenaGermany
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22
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Yong JRJ, Hansen AL, Kupče Ē, Claridge TDW. Increasing sensitivity and versatility in NMR supersequences with new HSQC-based modules. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 329:107027. [PMID: 34246882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity-enhanced HSQC, as well as HSQC-TOCSY, experiments have been modified for incorporation into NOAH (NMR by Ordered Acquisition using 1H detection) supersequences, adding diversity for 13C and 15N modules. Importantly, these heteronuclear modules have been specifically tailored to preserve the magnetisation required for subsequent acquisition of other heteronuclear or homonuclear modules in a supersequence. In addition, we present protocols for optimally combining HSQC and HSQC-TOCSY elements within the same supersequences, yielding high-quality 2D spectra suitable for structure characterisation but with greatly reduced experiment durations. We further demonstrate that these time savings can translate to increased detection sensitivity per unit time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R J Yong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alexandar L Hansen
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, UK
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
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23
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Kupče Ē, Mote KR, Webb A, Madhu PK, Claridge TDW. Multiplexing experiments in NMR and multi-nuclear MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 124-125:1-56. [PMID: 34479710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing NMR experiments by direct detection of multiple free induction decays (FIDs) in a single experiment offers a dramatic increase in the spectral information content and often yields significant improvement in sensitivity per unit time. Experiments with multi-FID detection have been designed with both homonuclear and multinuclear acquisition, and the advent of multiple receivers on commercial spectrometers opens up new possibilities for recording spectra from different nuclear species in parallel. Here we provide an extensive overview of such techniques, designed for applications in liquid- and solid-state NMR as well as in hyperpolarized samples. A brief overview of multinuclear MRI is also provided, to stimulate cross fertilization of ideas between the two areas of research (NMR and MRI). It is shown how such techniques enable the design of experiments that allow structure elucidation of small molecules from a single measurement. Likewise, in biomolecular NMR experiments multi-FID detection allows complete resonance assignment in proteins. Probes with multiple RF microcoils routed to multiple NMR receivers provide an alternative way of increasing the throughput of modern NMR systems, effectively reducing the cost of NMR analysis and increasing the information content at the same time. Solid-state NMR experiments have also benefited immensely from both parallel and sequential multi-FID detection in a variety of multi-dimensional pulse schemes. We are confident that multi-FID detection will become an essential component of future NMR methodologies, effectively increasing the sensitivity and information content of NMR measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Perunthiruthy K Madhu
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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24
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Hansen AL, Kupče E, Li DW, Bruschweiler-Li L, Wang C, Brüschweiler R. 2D NMR-Based Metabolomics with HSQC/TOCSY NOAH Supersequences. Anal Chem 2021; 93:6112-6119. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c05205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandar L. Hansen
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - E̅riks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry, CV4 9GH, U.K
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Lei Bruschweiler-Li
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rafael Brüschweiler
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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25
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Jeeves M, Roberts J, Ludwig C. Optimised collection of non-uniformly sampled 2D-HSQC NMR spectra for use in metabolic flux analysis. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:287-299. [PMID: 32830359 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is integral to metabolic studies; yet, it can suffer from the long acquisition times required to collect data of sufficient signal strength and resolution. The use of non-uniform sampling (NUS) allows faster collection of NMR spectra without loss of spectral integrity. When planning experimental methodologies to perform metabolic flux analysis (MFA) of cell metabolism, a variety of options are available for the acquisition of NUS NMR data. Before beginning data collection, decisions have to be made regarding selection of pulse sequence, number of transients and NUS specific parameters such as the sampling level and sampling schedule. Poor choices will impact data quality, which may have a negative effect on the subsequent analysis and biological interpretation. Herein, we describe factors that should be considered when setting up non-uniformly sampled 2D-1 H,13 C HSQC NMR experiments for MFA and provide a standard protocol for users to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Jeeves
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennie Roberts
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Chandra K, Al-Harthi S, Sukumaran S, Almulhim F, Emwas AH, Atreya HS, Jaremko Ł, Jaremko M. NMR-based metabolomics with enhanced sensitivity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:8694-8700. [PMID: 35423404 PMCID: PMC8695211 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01103k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR-based metabolomics, which emerged along with mass spectrometry techniques, is the preferred method for studying metabolites in medical research and food industries. However, NMR techniques suffer from inherently low sensitivity, regardless of their superior reproducibility. To overcome this, we made two beneficial modifications: we detuned the probe to reach a position called "Spin Noise Tuning Optimum" (SNTO), and we replaced the conventional cylindrical 5 mm NMR tube with an electric field component-optimized shaped tube. We found that concerted use of both modifications can increase the sensitivity (signal to noise ratio per unit volume) and detection of metabolites and decrease the measurement time by order of magnitude. In this study, we demonstrate and discuss the achieved signal enhancement of metabolites on model non-human (bovine serum, amino acid standard mixture) and human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousik Chandra
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah Al-Harthi
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Sujeesh Sukumaran
- NMR Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Fatimah Almulhim
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Laboratories, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) 23955-6900 Thuwal Saudi Arabia
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27
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Watermann S, Schmitt C, Schneider T, Hackl T. Comparison of Regular, Pure Shift, and Fast 2D NMR Experiments for Determination of the Geographical Origin of Walnuts. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010039. [PMID: 33429871 PMCID: PMC7827277 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1H NMR spectroscopy, in combination with chemometric methods, was used to analyze the methanol/acetonitrile (1:1) extract of walnut (Juglans Regia L.) regarding the geographical origin of 128 authentic samples from different countries (France, Germany, China) and harvest years (2016–2019). Due to the large number of different metabolites within the acetonitrile/methanol extract, the one-dimensional (1D) 1H NOESY (nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy) spectra suffer from strongly overlapping signals. The identification of specific metabolites and statistical analysis are complicated. The use of pure shift 1H NMR spectra such as PSYCHE (pure shift yielded by chirp excitation) or two-dimensional ASAP-HSQC (acceleration by sharing adjacent polarization-heteronuclear single quantum correlation) spectra for multivariate analysis to determine the geographical origin of foods may be a promising method. Different types of NMR spectra (1D 1H NOESY, PSYCHE, and ASAP-HSQC) were acquired for each of the 128 walnut samples and the results of the statistical analysis were compared. A support vector machine classifier was applied for differentiation of samples from Germany/China, France/Germany, and France/China. The models obtained by conduction of a repeated nested cross-validation showed accuracies from 58.9% (±1.3%) to 95.9% (±0.8%). The potential of the 1H-13C HSQC as a 2D NMR experiment for metabolomics studies was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Watermann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.W.); (C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Caroline Schmitt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.W.); (C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.W.); (C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Hackl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (S.W.); (C.S.); (T.S.)
- Hamburg School of Food Science—Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-40-42838-2804
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28
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Fener BE, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Sterically Encumbered 2,3‐Dihydrophosphindole and Its Chalcogenides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E. Fener
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena Humboldtstraße 8 07743 Jena Germany
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29
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Rößler P, Mathieu D, Gossert AD. NMR‐Studien an biologischen Makromolekülen (>100 kDa) ohne Notwendigkeit der Deuterierung: Das XL‐ALSOFAST Experiment mit verzögerter Entkopplung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Rößler
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biophysik Department Biologie und Biomolekulare NMR Spektroskopie Plattform Department Biologie ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Daniel Mathieu
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH Silberstreifen 4 76287 Rheinstetten Deutschland
| | - Alvar D. Gossert
- Institut für Molekularbiologie und Biophysik Department Biologie und Biomolekulare NMR Spektroskopie Plattform Department Biologie ETH Zürich Otto-Stern-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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30
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Rößler P, Mathieu D, Gossert AD. Enabling NMR Studies of High Molecular Weight Systems Without the Need for Deuteration: The XL-ALSOFAST Experiment with Delayed Decoupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19329-19337. [PMID: 32743971 PMCID: PMC7589290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current biological research increasingly focusses on large human proteins and their complexes. Such proteins are difficult to study by NMR spectroscopy because they often can only be produced in higher eukaryotic expression systems, where deuteration is hardly feasible. Here, we present the XL-ALSOFAST-[13 C,1 H]-HMQC experiment with much improved sensitivity for fully protonated high molecular weight proteins. For the tested systems ranging from 100 to 240 kDa in size, 3-fold higher sensitivity was obtained on average for fast relaxing signals compared to current state-of-the-art experiments. In the XL-ALSOFAST approach, non-observed magnetisation is optimally exploited and transverse relaxation is minimized by the newly introduced concept of delayed decoupling. The combination of high sensitivity and superior artefact suppression makes it ideal for studying inherently unstable membrane proteins or for analysing therapeutic antibodies at natural 13 C abundance. The XL-ALSOFAST and delayed decoupling will therefore expand the range of biomolecular systems accessible to NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Rößler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiophysicsDepartment of Biology and Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy PlatformDepartment of BiologyETH ZürichOtto-Stern-Weg 58093ZürichSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Mathieu
- Bruker BioSpin GmbHSilberstreifen 476287RheinstettenGermany
| | - Alvar D. Gossert
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiophysicsDepartment of Biology and Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy PlatformDepartment of BiologyETH ZürichOtto-Stern-Weg 58093ZürichSwitzerland
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31
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Fener BE, Schüler P, Ueberschaar N, Bellstedt P, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Scope and Limitations of the s-Block Metal-Mediated Pudovik Reaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:7235-7243. [PMID: 32027050 PMCID: PMC7317549 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The hydrophosphorylation of phenylacetylene with di(aryl)phosphane oxides Ar2 P(O)H (Pudovik reaction) yields E/Z-isomer mixtures of phenylethenyl-di(aryl)phosphane oxides (1). Alkali and alkaline-earth metal di(aryl)phosphinites have been studied as catalysts for this reaction with increasing activity for the heavier s-block metals. The Pudovik reaction can only be mediated for di(aryl)phosphane oxides whereas P-bound alkyl and alcoholate substituents impede the P-H addition across alkynes. The demanding mesityl group favors the single-hydrophosphorylated products 1-Ar whereas smaller aryl substituents lead to the double-hydrophosphorylated products 2-Ar. Polar solvents are beneficial for an effective addition. Increasing concentration of the reactants and the catalyst accelerates the Pudovik reaction. Whereas Mes2 P(O)H does not form the bis-phosphorylated product 2-Mes, activation of an ortho-methyl group and cyclization occurs yielding 2-benzyl-1-mesityl-5,7-dimethyl-2,3-dihydrophosphindole 1-oxide (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin E. Fener
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Philipp Schüler
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Nico Ueberschaar
- Mass Spectrometry PlatformFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Peter Bellstedt
- NMR platformFriedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHumboldtstr. 807743JenaGermany
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32
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Wishart DS. NMR metabolomics: A look ahead. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 306:155-161. [PMID: 31377153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
NMR has been used to perform metabolic studies, metabolic profiling and metabolomics in biofluids and tissues for more than 40 years. This close connection between metabolic measurements and NMR has flourished because of NMR's many unique strengths for characterizing the chemical composition of complex mixtures. However, a number of other technologies, including mass spectrometry, have appeared in the past few years that are encroaching on NMR's dominance in metabolomics and metabolic studies. In this brief review, some of the current strengths and existing limitations of NMR-based metabolomics are highlighted. Additionally, a number of recent advances in NMR hardware, methodology and software are also described and these advancements are used to speculate about where NMR-based metabolomics is going, what needs to be done to make it more popular and how it will evolve in the next 5-10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Wishart
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E8, Canada.
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Kupče Ē, Mote KR, Madhu PK. Experiments with direct detection of multiple FIDs. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 304:16-34. [PMID: 31077929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulse schemes with direct observation of multiple free induction decays (FIDs) offer a dramatic increase in the spectral information content of NMR experiments and often yield substantial improvement in measurement sensitivity per unit time. Availability of multiple receivers on the state-of-the-art commercial spectrometers allows spectra from different nuclear species to be recorded in parallel routinely. Experiments with multi-FID detection have been designed with both, homonuclear and multinuclear acquisition. We provide a brief overview of such techniques designed for applications in liquid- and solid- state NMR as well as in hyperpolarized samples. Here we show how these techniques have led to design of experiments that allow structure elucidation of small molecules and resonance assignment in proteins from a single measurement. Probes with multiple RF micro-coils routed to multiple NMR receivers provide an alternative way of increasing the throughput of modern NMR systems. Solid-state NMR experiments have also benefited immensely from both parallel and simultaneous FID acquisition in a variety of multi-dimensional pulse schemes. We believe that multi-FID detection will become an essential component of the future NMR methodologies effectively increasing the information content of NMR experiments and reducing the cost of NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Perunthiruthy K Madhu
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500107, India
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34
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Koos MRM, Luy B. Polarization recovery during ASAP and SOFAST/ALSOFAST-type experiments. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 300:61-75. [PMID: 30711784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Experiments with fast repetition schemes significantly enhance the capabilities of modern NMR spectroscopy. Two schemes for heteronuclear correlation experiments that have been presented are the ASAP and the ALSOFAST method. The first method is Acceleration by Sharing Adjacent Polarization (ASAP) for samples at natural abundance isotope level. It was originally derived in the ASAP-HMQC and recently received renewed attention in the ASAP-HSQC. Sharing the polarization of active protons with the surrounding reservoir can result in seemingly instant polarization recovery and therefore enormous gains in sensitivity, but can also lead to a slight reduction of polarization and spectral intensity, depending on sample and setup. A second type of setup has been introduced with the so-called Alternate SOFAST (ALSOFAST-) HMQC and ALSOFAST-HSQC for natural abundance 1H,13C-correlation experiments and in the SOFAST-HMQC for 1H,15N-correlations. In these cases, the reservoir spins are only maintained through the pulse sequence without Hartmann-Hahn-type mixing. A model for the estimation of the available polarization in the fast repetition schemes could be a valuable tool for experimentalists and pulse sequence developers. Starting from the well-known Ernst angle model, we derive in this article several mathematical models that describe the polarization over the course of ALSOFAST and ASAP type experiments. The models can be used to visualize the initial scans of an experiment and even more importantly, show the polarization and achievable signal intensity in the steady state of an experiment. In this way the two extreme applications of ASAP- and ALSOFAST-type acquisition schemes are covered: (i) acquisition using progressive excitation for experiments with few increments and shortest possible overall acquisition times and (ii) steady-state-type experiments with ultrahigh resolution and correspondingly large number of increments. The two resulting excitation strategies are applied to maximize SNR in different situations. To test the models, experimental data was obtained by special pulse sequences and examples are shown for different spin environments. The results show good agreement between theory and experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R M Koos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Institute for Biological Interfaces 4, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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35
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Becker J, Koos MRM, Schulze-Sünninghausen D, Luy B. ASAP-HSQC-TOCSY for fast spin system identification and extraction of long-range couplings. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 300:76-83. [PMID: 30711785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Based on Ernst-angle-type excitation and Acceleration by Sharing Adjacent Polarization (ASAP), a fast HSQC-TOCSY experiment is introduced. In the approach, the DIPSI-2 isotropic mixing period of the ASAP-HSQC is simply shifted, which provides a TOCSY period without additional application of rf-energy. The ASAP-HSQC-TOCSY allows the acquisition of a conventional 2D in about 30 s. Alternatively, it allows the acquisition of highly carbon-resolved spectra (several Hz digital resolution) on the order of minutes. An ASAP-HSQC-TOCSY-IPAP variant, finally, allows the sign-sensitive extraction of heteronuclear long-range coupling constants from a pair of highly resolved spectra in less than an hour. Pulse sequences, several example spectra, and a discussion of results are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Becker
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin R M Koos
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - David Schulze-Sünninghausen
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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36
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McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Kutateladze A, MacMillan JB, Appendino G, Barison A, Beniddir MA, Biavatti MW, Bluml S, Boufridi A, Butler MS, Capon RJ, Choi YH, Coppage D, Crews P, Crimmins MT, Csete M, Dewapriya P, Egan JM, Garson MJ, Genta-Jouve G, Gerwick WH, Gross H, Harper MK, Hermanto P, Hook JM, Hunter L, Jeannerat D, Ji NY, Johnson TA, Kingston DGI, Koshino H, Lee HW, Lewin G, Li J, Linington RG, Liu M, McPhail KL, Molinski TF, Moore BS, Nam JW, Neupane RP, Niemitz M, Nuzillard JM, Oberlies NH, Ocampos FMM, Pan G, Quinn RJ, Reddy DS, Renault JH, Rivera-Chávez J, Robien W, Saunders CM, Schmidt TJ, Seger C, Shen B, Steinbeck C, Stuppner H, Sturm S, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Tantillo DJ, Verpoorte R, Wang BG, Williams CM, Williams PG, Wist J, Yue JM, Zhang C, Xu Z, Simmler C, Lankin DC, Bisson J, Pauli GF. The value of universally available raw NMR data for transparency, reproducibility, and integrity in natural product research. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:35-107. [PMID: 30003207 PMCID: PMC6350634 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2018With contributions from the global natural product (NP) research community, and continuing the Raw Data Initiative, this review collects a comprehensive demonstration of the immense scientific value of disseminating raw nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, independently of, and in parallel with, classical publishing outlets. A comprehensive compilation of historic to present-day cases as well as contemporary and future applications show that addressing the urgent need for a repository of publicly accessible raw NMR data has the potential to transform natural products (NPs) and associated fields of chemical and biomedical research. The call for advancing open sharing mechanisms for raw data is intended to enhance the transparency of experimental protocols, augment the reproducibility of reported outcomes, including biological studies, become a regular component of responsible research, and thereby enrich the integrity of NP research and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B McAlpine
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. ,
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. ,
| | - Andrei Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - John B MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Alimentari, Farmaceutiche e Farmacologiche, Universita` del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | | | - Mehdi A Beniddir
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Maique W Biavatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Stefan Bluml
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Asmaa Boufridi
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mark S Butler
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Young H Choi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Section Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David Coppage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Michael T Crimmins
- Kenan and Caudill Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marie Csete
- University of Southern California, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 N. El Molino Ave., Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Pradeep Dewapriya
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joseph M Egan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mary J Garson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- C-TAC, UMR 8638 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Paris-Descartes University, Sorbonne, Paris Cité, 4, Aveue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - William H Gerwick
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mary Kay Harper
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Precilia Hermanto
- NMR Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - James M Hook
- NMR Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Luke Hunter
- NMR Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Damien Jeannerat
- University of Geneva, Department of Organic Chemistry, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nai-Yun Ji
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chunhui Road 17, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Tyler A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, M/C 0212, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Koshino
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hsiau-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Guy Lewin
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Kerry L McPhail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tadeusz F Molinski
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA and Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joo-Won Nam
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Ram P Neupane
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Matthias Niemitz
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | | | - Guohui Pan
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - D Sai Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Jean-Hugues Renault
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - José Rivera-Chávez
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Wolfgang Robien
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Carla M Saunders
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Christoph Seger
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Ben Shen
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Christoph Steinbeck
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Sonja Sturm
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Robert Verpoorte
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Section Metabolomics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bin-Gui Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chunhui Road 17, Yantai 264003, People's Republic of China and Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip G Williams
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Julien Wist
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Chen Zhang
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Zhengren Xu
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. , and
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. ,
| | - David C Lankin
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. ,
| | - Jonathan Bisson
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. ,
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Center for Natural Product Technologies (CENAPT), Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA. ,
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37
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Kiraly P, Nilsson M, Morris GA. Practical aspects of real-time pure shift HSQC experiments. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:993-1005. [PMID: 29274287 PMCID: PMC6175388 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pure shift NMR spectroscopy has become an efficient tool for improving resolution in proton NMR spectra by removing the effect of homonuclear couplings. The introduction of real-time acquisition methods has allowed the main drawback of pure shift NMR, the long experiment times needed, to be circumvented. Real-time methods use periodic application of J-refocusing pulse sequence elements, acquiring a single free induction decay, in contrast to previous methods that construct a pure shift interferogram by concatenating excerpts from multiple free induction decays. In the important heteronuclear single-quantum correlation experiment, implementing real-time pure shift data acquisition typically leads to the simultaneous improvement of both resolution and sensitivity. The current limitations of and problems with real-time pure shift acquisition methods are discussed here in the context of heteronuclear single-quantum correlation experiments. We aim to provide a detailed account of the technical challenges, together with a practical guide to exploiting the full potential of such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kiraly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Mathias Nilsson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Gareth A. Morris
- School of ChemistryUniversity of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
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38
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Görling B, Bermel W, Bräse S, Luy B. Homonuclear decoupling by projection reconstruction. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:1006-1020. [PMID: 30058249 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Similar to J-resolved spectroscopy, also, heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), heteronuclear single bond correlation (HSBC), and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) types of correlation experiments result in homonuclear tilted multiplet patterns. On the example of the high-resolution heteronuclear single bond correlation (HR-HSBC) pulse sequence, it is shown how the tilt angle can be varied within a wide range of positive and negative values. Projection along the tilt angles in all cases results in homonuclear decoupling. Using well-known projection reconstruction techniques, the different tilt angles can be used to reconstruct a homonuclear decoupled two-dimensional correlation spectrum. The concept is proven and further refined by segmental projection reconstruction and the use of a clean in-phase heteronuclear single quantum correlation (CLIP-HSQC) spectrum with an effective zero tilt angle for further filtering. The proof of principle, its application to one-bond coupling measurement, as well as a basic HMBC, and a detailed discussion with comparison to other homodecoupling techniques are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Görling
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 - Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Luy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces 4 - Magnetic Resonance, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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39
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Rapid two-dimensional ALSOFAST-HSQC experiment for metabolomics and fluxomics studies: application to a 13C-enriched cancer cell model treated with gold nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2793-2804. [PMID: 29480388 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Isotope labeling enables the use of 13C-based metabolomics techniques with strongly improved resolution for a better identification of relevant metabolites and tracing of metabolic fluxes in cell and animal models, as required in fluxomics studies. However, even at high NMR-active isotope abundance, the acquisition of one-dimensional 13C and classical two-dimensional 1H,13C-HSQC experiments remains time consuming. With the aim to provide a shorter, more efficient alternative, herein we explored the ALSOFAST-HSQC experiment with its rapid acquisition scheme for the analysis of 13C-labeled metabolites in complex biological mixtures. As an initial step, the parameters of the pulse sequence were optimized to take into account the specific characteristics of the complex samples. We then applied the fast two-dimensional experiment to study the effect of different kinds of antioxidant gold nanoparticles on a HeLa cancer cell model grown on 13C glucose-enriched medium. As a result, 1H,13C-2D correlations could be obtained in a couple of seconds to few minutes, allowing a simple and reliable identification of various 13C-enriched metabolites and the determination of specific variations between the different sample groups. Thus, it was possible to monitor glucose metabolism in the cell model and study the antioxidant effect of the coated gold nanoparticles in detail. Finally, with an experiment time of only half an hour, highly resolved 1H,13C-HSQC spectra using the ALSOFAST-HSQC pulse sequence were acquired, revealing the isotope-position-patterns of the corresponding 13C-nuclei from carbon multiplets. Graphical abstract Fast NMR applied to metabolomics and fluxomics studies with gold nanoparticles.
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40
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Smith TB, Patel K, Munford H, Peet A, Tennant DA, Jeeves M, Ludwig C. High-Speed Tracer Analysis of Metabolism (HS-TrAM). Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:5. [PMID: 29503875 PMCID: PMC5811808 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13387.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracing the fate of stable isotopically-enriched nutrients is a sophisticated method of describing and quantifying the activity of metabolic pathways. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers high resolution data in terms of resolving metabolic pathway utilisation. Despite this, NMR spectroscopy is under-utilised due to length of time required to collect the data, quantification requiring multiple samples and complicated analysis. Here we present two techniques, quantitative spectral filters and enhancement of the splitting of
13C signals due to homonuclear
13C,
13C or heteronuclear
13C,
15N J-coupling in
1H,
13C-HSQC NMR spectra. Together, these allow the rapid collection of NMR spectroscopy data in a quantitative manner on a single sample. The reduced duration of HSQC spectra data acquisition opens up the possibility of real-time tracing of metabolism including the study of metabolic pathways
in vivo. We show how these techniques can be used to trace the fate of labelled nutrients in a whole organ model of kidney preservation prior to transplantation using a porcine kidney as a model organ. In addition, we show how the use of multiple nutrients, differentially labelled with
13C and
15N, can be used to provide additional information with which to profile metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendan Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Kamlesh Patel
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Andrew Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Ghosh S, Sengupta A, Chandra K. SOFAST-HMQC-an efficient tool for metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6731-6738. [PMID: 29030664 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics relies mostly on 1D NMR; however, the technique is limited by overlap of the signals from the metabolites. In order to circumvent this problem, 2D 1H-13C correlation spectroscopy techniques are often used. However owing to poorer natural abundance and gyromagnetic ratio of 13C, the acquisition time for 2D 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) is long. This makes it almost impossible to be used in high throughput study. We have reported the application of selective optimized flip angle short transient (SOFAST) technique coupled to heteronuclear multiple quantum correlation (HMQC) along with nonlinear sampling (NUS) in urine and serum samples. This technique takes sevenfold less experimental time than the conventional 1H-13C HSQC experiment with retention of almost all molecular information. Hence, this can be used for high throughput study. Graphical abstract SOFAST-HMQC is a two-dimensional NMR technique that significantly decreases experimental time without loss of information. This technique is applied in complex biofluid samples that are used for high throughput metabolomics studies and shows promise of better information recovery than conventional two-dimensional NMR technique in shorter time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Ghosh
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Systems and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Systems and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6160, USA
| | - Kousik Chandra
- Indian Institute of Science, CV Raman Rd., Bangalore, Karnataka, 560012, India.
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