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Mokhtari P, Jordan KC, Wilson A, Sisco-Tylor B, Metos JM. Development and Validation of a Diabetes Questionnaire for Middle School Students. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:135-144. [PMID: 36764795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a questionnaire to assess diabetes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent to change among middle school students. DESIGN A cross-sectional validation analysis. SETTING Students in 3 urban middle schools in Utah participated in this study. PARTICIPANTS The 25-item questionnaire was validated in independent samples of 277 and 304 students in the seventh and eighth grades. VARIABLES MEASURED The questionnaire includes the following variables: diabetes knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intent to change dietary and physical activity behaviors. ANALYSIS Rigorous statistical approaches, including Cronbach's α (goodness of fit) calculation, test-retest reliability, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, were employed to examine the reliability and construct validity. RESULTS The Cronbach's α coefficients were 0.7 for both subscales demonstrating acceptable internal consistency. All factor loadings were > 0.4, revealing close relations between factors and items. The confirmatory factor analysis model fit was 0.9 for the comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis Index, indicating a reasonable model-data fit. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study demonstrated the validity of a diabetes questionnaire for middle school students. Future work is needed to validate its use in a diabetes prevention program, given the growing need for diabetes education among young adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pari Mokhtari
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Kristine C Jordan
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Andrew Wilson
- College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Brittany Sisco-Tylor
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Julie M Metos
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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McAlpin N, Elaiho CR, Khan F, Cruceta C, Goytia C, Vangeepuram N. Use of Focus Groups to Inform a New Community-Based Youth Diabetes Prevention Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9655. [PMID: 35955010 PMCID: PMC9368486 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There have been few youth-led diabetes prevention programs. Our objective was to conduct focus groups to explore peer influences on adolescent lifestyle behaviors and strategies for implementing a youth peer education model for diabetes prevention. We conducted six focus groups with 52 youth (ages 13-22; 62% male, 38% female; 64% Hispanic, 36% non-Hispanic Black) from East Harlem, NYC. We used a Thematic Analysis approach to identify major themes, compared findings, and resolved differences through discussion and consensus. Three dominant themes arose: (1) Adolescents generally encounter more unhealthy peer influences on diet and more healthy peer influences on physical activity; (2) Adolescents endorse youth-led diabetes prevention strategies and describe ideal qualities for peer leaders and methods to support and evaluate leaders; (3) Adolescents prefer text messaging to monitor behaviors, track goals, and receive personalized guidance. Using study findings, our Community Action Board developed a peer-led diabetes prevention program for prediabetic adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngina McAlpin
- Teen HEED Intern, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cordelia R. Elaiho
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Farrah Khan
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cristina Cruceta
- Teen HEED Community Action Board, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Crispin Goytia
- Teen HEED Community Action Board, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nita Vangeepuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Mandoh M, Redfern J, Mihrshahi S, Cheng HL, Phongsavan P, Partridge SR. Shifting From Tokenism to Meaningful Adolescent Participation in Research for Obesity Prevention: A Systematic Scoping Review. Front Public Health 2022; 9:789535. [PMID: 35004591 PMCID: PMC8734426 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.789535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditionally, adolescent participation in research has been tokenistic. Adolescents are rarely afforded the opportunity to influence decision-making in research designed to prevent obesity. Engaging adolescents in meaningful decision-making may enhance research translation. This review aimed to analyze the current modes and nature of adolescent participation in obesity prevention research decision-making. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage framework. Six major databases were searched for peer-reviewed primary research studies with adolescent participation related to obesity, physical activity, and diet. Modes of adolescent participation were categorized based on the Lansdown-UNICEF conceptual framework for measuring outcomes of adolescent participation. The framework outlines three modes of meaningful participation: (i) consultative, which involves taking opinions and needs into consideration; (ii) collaborative, where adolescents are partners in the decision-making process; and (iii) adolescent-led participation where adolescents have the capacity to influence the process and outcomes. The degree of involvement in research cycles was classified based on the National Health and Medical Research Council consumer engagement framework. Five stages of the research cycle were determined: identify, design and develop, conduct, analyze and disseminate. Results: In total, 126 papers describing 71 unique studies were identified. Of these, 69% (49/71) took place in the USA, and 85% (52/61) were conducted in minority or underserved communities, while males were more likely to be under-represented. In 49% (35/71) of studies, participation was consultative and 9% (6/71) of studies involved an adolescent-led approach. Furthermore, 87% (62/71) of studies incorporated adolescent participation in one or more of the research cycle's formative phases, which involve eliciting views, opinions and idea generation. Only 11% of studies engaged adolescents in all five stages of the research cycle where adolescents could have more influence over the research process. Conclusion: Meaningful adolescent participation in the obesity prevention research cycle is limited. Empowering and mobilizing equal partnership with adolescents should be at the forefront of all adolescent-related obesity prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mandoh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Redfern
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Seema Mihrshahi
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Hoi Lun Cheng
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Academic Department of Adolescent Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Partridge
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Spurr S, Bally J, Mcharo SK, Hyslop S. Beyond "Watching the Sweets": An interpretive description of adolescent's understandings and insights into preventing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2021; 26:e12351. [PMID: 34080280 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore adolescents' experiences and knowledge of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and identify appropriate T2D education and prevention interventions for this population. DESIGN AND METHODS This interpretive description study was conducted at two urban high schools in midwestern Canada. Participants had been previously screened and considered at high risk for T2D, prediabetes, or as having T2D. Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted with twelve adolescents between the age of 14-19 years meeting these criteria. Thematic analysis was completed using interview transcripts. RESULTS Themes and subthemes identified included (1) Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Too Many Sweets (Mostly Diet but Insulin Does Play a Role, and A Serious but Common Disease); (2) Who Holds the Power? (Personal Responsibility for Health, Family as Role Models, and Community Connections); and (3) Bringing Home the Message (Our Considerations for Schools, I need the Expert's Support, and Using Technology to Get the Points Across). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Findings from this study provide target areas for education and prevention interventions and approaches for working with adolescents surrounding prediabetes and T2D that may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Spurr
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jill Bally
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Solomon K Mcharo
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shannon Hyslop
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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The Impact of Social Media on Learning Behavior for Sustainable Education: Evidence of Students from Selected Universities in Pakistan. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In today’s world, social media is playing an indispensable role on the learning behavior of university students to achieve sustainable education. The impact of social media on sustainable education is becoming an essential and impelling factor. The world has become a global village and technology use has made it a smaller world through social media and how it is changing instruction. This original study is amongst the few to perform a focalized investigation on revealing the relationship between positive and negative characteristics of social media and the learning attitude of university students for sustainable education. However, this study aims to examine the constructive and adverse factors that impact on students’ minds and how these helped students to share positive and negative aspects with others. It is increasingly noticeable that social networking sites and their applications present enormous benefits for as well as risks to university students and their implications on students’ psychological adjustment or learning behaviors are not well understood. This study adapted the cluster sampling method, and respondents participated from five selected regions. Researchers distributed 1013 questionnaires among the targeted sample of university students with an age range of 16 to 35 years, and they collected 831 complete/valid responses. This study applied the social gratification theory to examine students’ behavior practicing social media usage. This study specifically identified 18 adversarial and constructive factors of social media from the previous literature. The findings revealed that the usage of social media in Pakistan has a negative influence on a student’s behavior as compared to positive aspects. Results may not be generalized to the entire student community as findings are specific to the specific respondents only. This study presents a relationship between antithetical and creative characteristics of social media and exhibits avenues for future studies by facilitating a better understanding of web-based social network use.
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Luesse HB, Luesse JE, Lawson J, Koch PA, Contento IR. In Defense of Food Curriculum: A Mixed Methods Outcome Evaluation in Afterschool. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2019; 46:612-625. [PMID: 30832520 DOI: 10.1177/1090198119831750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Highly processed foods are inexpensive and abundant in our food supply, nutritionally poor, and disproportionately marketed to minority youth. This study is part of a curriculum development project to develop, implement, and evaluate the In Defense of Food (IDOF) curriculum designed to increase intake of whole/minimally processed foods and decrease intake of highly processed foods in youth. Aims. This pilot outcome evaluation was undertaken to assess initial effectiveness and to provide an in-depth understanding of changes in behavioral outcomes and psychosocial mediators. Methods. We used an explanatory mixed method approach, including a single-arm pretest-posttest of intervention effect, followed by a food rules assessment and in-depth interviews to describe participant responses to the intervention in more detail. The study was conducted in three afterschool classrooms in urban low-income neighborhoods with 32 multiethnic middle-school youth, receiving 10 weekly 2-hour sessions. Results. Two weeks postintervention, there was a large positive significant increase in whole/minimally processed food intake (p < .01; d = 0.59) and a small decrease in consumption of highly-processed foods (p = ns; d = 0.06), compared with baseline. Significant increases in psychosocial mediators: Self-efficacy and positive outcomes expectations were seen; others were not significant but changed in the desired direction. Qualitative assessments suggest that the intervention promoted skill building, but environmental barriers made these difficult to use. Discussion. The IDOF curriculum may be most effective for promoting consumption of fruits and vegetables, rather than decreasing intake of highly processed foods. In addition, in this young age-group, short actionable food rules may support self-regulation and behavior change. Conclusion. Among adolescent students in low-income urban neighborhoods, the IDOF afterschool curriculum may help promote self-efficacy and positive outcome expectancies and increase fruit and vegetable intake. Focusing on food processing and using "Food Rules" may be promising to elicit behavior change in youth; however, greater supports are needed to overcome social and environmental barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pamela A Koch
- 3 Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Stanley LR, Kelly KJ, Swaim RC, Jackman D. Cultural Adaptation of the Be under Your Own Influence Media Campaign for Middle-School American Indian Youth. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 23:1017-1025. [PMID: 30381014 PMCID: PMC6362830 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1536730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
American Indian (AI) adolescents living on reservations report much higher substance use rates compared to other youth yet there are few effective prevention interventions developed for them. This paper presents findings from formative research undertaken to guide adaptation for AI youth of a prevention intervention, Be Under Your Own Influence (BUYOI), previously found to be effective in reducing substance use among middle-school youth. We conducted focus groups with 7th graders, the primary target audience, and photovoice with 11th graders, the role models who would help deliver the campaign, to inform surface and deep structure adaptation. Both age groups noted the pervasiveness of substance use on the reservation and indicated that this posed a major challenge to being drug and alcohol free. Students also described aspects of their community that tied to signs of social disorganization. However, these youth have much in common with other youth, including high future aspirations, involvement in activities and hobbies, and influence from family and friends. At the same time, there were important differences in the experiences, environment, and values of these AI youth, including emphasis on different types of activities, a more collectivist cultural orientation, tribal identity and pride, and the importance of extended families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Stanley
- a Department of Psychology , Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Kathleen J Kelly
- b Department of Marketing , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Randall C Swaim
- a Department of Psychology , Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University , Fort Collins , CO , USA
| | - Danielle Jackman
- c Aurora Research Institute, Aurora Mental Health Center , Aurora , CO , USA
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Vangeepuram N, Williams N, Constable J, Waldman L, Lopez-Belin P, Phelps-Waldropt L, Horowitz CR. TEEN HEED: Design of a clinical-community youth diabetes prevention intervention. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 57:23-28. [PMID: 28344183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nita Vangeepuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1202A, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States; TEEN HEED Community Action Board, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States.
| | - Narissa Williams
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States; TEEN HEED Community Action Board, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jeremy Constable
- TEEN HEED Community Action Board, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Lindsey Waldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1202A, New York, NY 10029, United States; TEEN HEED Community Action Board, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Patricia Lopez-Belin
- TEEN HEED Community Action Board, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - LaTanya Phelps-Waldropt
- TEEN HEED Community Action Board, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Carol R Horowitz
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1077, New York, NY 10029, United States
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Hardin-Fanning F, Ricks JM. Attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioral control factors influencing participation in a cooking skills program in rural Central Appalachia. Glob Health Promot 2016; 24:43-52. [PMID: 27312335 DOI: 10.1177/1757975916636792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A focus group session, using the Theory of Planned Behavior to guide questions and discussion, was conducted at midpoint of a 12-month cooking skills program in a rural Appalachian food desert. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control beliefs that influenced participation in these classes. Participants viewed the classes as opportunities for social interaction and to have new experiences. Subjective norms were influenced by family members and traditional cooking. Perceived behavioral control was influenced by the opportunity to try new foods without concern of food waste, acquisition of the knowledge to introduce healthy foods into family meals and enhanced food preparation skills. During the evaluation, a strong sense of participant appreciation of researcher presence was discovered. This unexpected positive component of the program will be promoted using motivational interviewing techniques to enhance adherence to healthy eating behaviors during and after cooking skills programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - JaNelle M Ricks
- 2. Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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