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Fogarty NL, Johnson T, Kwok B, Lin A, Tsinman TK, Jiang X, Koyama E, Han L, Baxter JR, Mauck RL, Dyment NA. Reduction in postnatal weight-bearing does not alter the trajectory of murine meniscus growth and maturation. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:894-904. [PMID: 37804210 PMCID: PMC10978302 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The early postnatal period represents a critical window for the maturation and development of orthopedic tissues, including those within the knee joint. To understand how mechanical loading impacts the maturational trajectory of the meniscus and other tissues of the hindlimb, perturbation of postnatal weight bearing was achieved through surgical resection of the sciatic nerve in neonatal mice at 1 or 14 days old. Sciatic nerve resection (SNR) produced significant and persistent disruptions in gait, leading to reduced tibial length and reductions in Achilles tendon mechanical properties. However, SNR resulted in minimal disruptions in morphometric parameters of the menisci and other structures in the knee joint, with no detectable differences in Col1a1-YFP or Col2a1-CFP expressing cells within the menisci. Furthermore, micromechanical properties of the meniscus and cartilage (as assessed by atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation testing) were not different between experimental groups. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, reduced hindlimb weight bearing via neonatal SNR did not significantly impact the growth and development of the knee meniscus. This unexpected finding demonstrates that the input mechanical threshold required to sustain meniscus development may be lower than previously hypothesized, though future studies incorporating skeletal kinematic models coupled with force plate measurements will be required to calculate the loads passing through the affected hindlimb and precisely define these thresholds. Collectively, these results provide insight into the mechanobiological responses of the meniscus to alterations in load, and contribute to our understanding of the factors that influence normal postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Fogarty
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Talayah Johnson
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bryan Kwok
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alisia Lin
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tonia K Tsinman
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xi Jiang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lin Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josh R Baxter
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert L Mauck
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, CMC VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Reinhold C, Knorr S, McFleder RL, Rauschenberger L, Muthuraman M, Arampatzi P, Gräfenhan T, Schlosser A, Sendtner M, Volkmann J, Ip CW. Gene-environment interaction elicits dystonia-like features and impaired translational regulation in a DYT-TOR1A mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106453. [PMID: 38402912 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
DYT-TOR1A dystonia is the most common monogenic dystonia characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and lack of therapeutic options. Despite some insights into its etiology, the disease's pathophysiology remains unclear. The reduced penetrance of about 30% suggests that extragenetic factors are needed to develop a dystonic phenotype. In order to systematically investigate this hypothesis, we induced a sciatic nerve crush injury in a genetically predisposed DYT-TOR1A mouse model (DYT1KI) to evoke a dystonic phenotype. Subsequently, we employed a multi-omic approach to uncover novel pathophysiological pathways that might be responsible for this condition. Using an unbiased deep-learning-based characterization of the dystonic phenotype showed that nerve-injured DYT1KI animals exhibited significantly more dystonia-like movements (DLM) compared to naive DYT1KI animals. This finding was noticeable as early as two weeks following the surgical procedure. Furthermore, nerve-injured DYT1KI mice displayed significantly more DLM than nerve-injured wildtype (wt) animals starting at 6 weeks post injury. In the cerebellum of nerve-injured wt mice, multi-omic analysis pointed towards regulation in translation related processes. These observations were not made in the cerebellum of nerve-injured DYT1KI mice; instead, they were localized to the cortex and striatum. Our findings indicate a failed translational compensatory mechanisms in the cerebellum of phenotypic DYT1KI mice that exhibit DLM, while translation dysregulations in the cortex and striatum likely promotes the dystonic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Reinhold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Knorr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Gräfenhan
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany.
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Amorim D, Fonseca-Rodrigues D, David-Pereira A, Costa O, Lima AP, Nogueira R, Cruz R, Martins AS, Sousa L, Oliveira F, Pereira H, Pirraco R, Pertovaara A, Almeida A, Pinto-Ribeiro F. Injection of kaolin/carrageenan in the rat knee joint induces progressive experimental knee osteoarthritis. Pain 2023; 164:2477-2490. [PMID: 37390363 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder worldwide, is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular and periarticular structures, leading to physical and emotional impairments that greatly affect the quality of life of patients. Unfortunately, no therapy has been able to halt the progression of the disease. Owing to the complexity of OA, most animal models are only able to mimic a specific stage or feature of the human disorder. In this work, we demonstrate the intraarticular injection of kaolin or carrageenan leads to the progressive degeneration of the rat's knee joint, accompanied by mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia, gait impairments (reduced contact area of the affected limb), and radiological and histopathological findings concomitant with the development of human grade 4 OA. In addition, animals also display emotional impairments 4 weeks after induction, namely, anxious and depressive-like behaviour, important and common comorbidities of human OA patients. Overall, prolonging kaolin or carrageenan-induced monoarthritis mimics several important physical and psychological features of human OA in both male and female rodents and could be further applied in long-term studies of OA-associated chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amorim
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Diana Fonseca-Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana David-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Octávia Costa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antónia Palhares Lima
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rosete Nogueira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rute Cruz
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Martins
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Liliana Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Hélder Pereira
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Minho University, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério Pirraco
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Minho University, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antti Pertovaara
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armando Almeida
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Ma S, Zhang J, Hua X, Wu J, Zheng M, Xu J. Tuina therapy promotes behavioral improvement and brain plasticity in rats with peripheral nerve injury and repair. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3174. [PMID: 37522806 PMCID: PMC10498059 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuina is currently one of the popular complementary and alternative methods of rehabilitation therapy. Tuina can improve patients' pain and mobility function. However, the underlying physiological mechanism remains largely unknown, which might limit its further popularization in clinical practice. The aim of this study is to explore the short-term and long-term changes in brain functional activity following Tuina intervention for peripheral nerve injury repair. METHODS A total of 16 rats were equally divided into the intervention group and the control group. Rats in the intervention group received Tuina therapy applying on the gastrocnemius muscle of the right side for 4 months following sciatic nerve transection and immediate repair, while the control group received nerve transection and repair only. The block-design functional magnetic resonance imaging scan was applied in both groups at 1 and 4 months after the surgery. During the scan, both the injured and intact hindpaw was electrically stimulated according to a "boxcar" paradigm. RESULTS When stimulating the intact hindpaw, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower activation in the somatosensory area, limbic/paralimbic areas, pain-regulation areas, and basal ganglia compared to the control group, with only the prefrontal area showing higher activation. After 4 months of sciatic nerve injury, the control group exhibited decreased motor cortex activity compared to the activity observed at 1 month, and the intervention group demonstrated stronger bilateral motor cortex activity compared to the control group. CONCLUSION Tuina therapy on the gastrocnemius muscle of rats with sciatic nerve injury can effectively alleviate pain and maintain the motor function of the affected limb. In addition, Tuina therapy reduced the activation level of pain-related brain regions and inhibited the decreased activity of the motor cortex caused by nerve injury, reflecting the impact of peripheral stimulation on brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Jie Ma
- Department of Traditional Chinese Rehabilitation MedicineThe Second Rehabilitation Hospital of ShanghaiShanghaiChina
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
| | - Jun‐Peng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xu‐Yun Hua
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jia‐Jia Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mou‐Xiong Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jian‐Guang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent RehabilitationMinistry of EducationShanghaiChina
- School of Rehabilitation ScienceShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
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5
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Timotius IK, Roelofs RF, Richmond-Hacham B, Noldus LPJJ, von Hörsten S, Bikovski L. CatWalk XT gait parameters: a review of reported parameters in pre-clinical studies of multiple central nervous system and peripheral nervous system disease models. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1147784. [PMID: 37351154 PMCID: PMC10284348 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1147784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Automated gait assessment tests are used in studies of disorders characterized by gait impairment. CatWalk XT is one of the first commercially available automated systems for analyzing the gait of rodents and is currently the most used system in peer-reviewed publications. This automated gait analysis system can generate a large number of gait parameters. However, this creates a new challenge in selecting relevant parameters that describe the changes within a particular disease model. Here, for the first time, we performed a multi-disorder review on published CatWalk XT data. We identify commonly reported CatWalk XT gait parameters derived from 91 peer-reviewed experimental studies in mice, covering six disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The disorders modeled in mice were traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, sciatic nerve injury (SNI), spinal cord injury (SCI), Parkinson's disease (PD), and ataxia. Our review consisted of parameter selection, clustering, categorization, statistical evaluation, and data visualization. It suggests that certain gait parameters serve as potential indicators of gait dysfunction across multiple disease models, while others are specific to particular models. The findings also suggest that the more site-specific the injury is, the fewer parameters are reported to characterize its gait abnormalities. This study strives to present a clearly organized picture of gait parameters used in each one of the different mouse models, potentially helping novel CatWalk XT users to apply this information to similar or related mouse models they are working on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna K. Timotius
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Indonesia
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Animal Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Bar Richmond-Hacham
- Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Lucas P. J. J. Noldus
- Noldus Information Technology BV, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department of Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen and Preclinical Experimental Animal Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lior Bikovski
- Myers Neuro-Behavioral Core Facility, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
- School of Behavioral Sciences, Netanya Academic College, Netanya, Israel
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6
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Ruhl T, Christer T, Rhode SC, Beier JP. Time course of functional recovery after 1 cm sciatic nerve resection in rats with or without surgical intervention - measured by grip strength and locomotor activity. Neurosci Res 2023; 190:78-84. [PMID: 36470474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rat sciatic nerve (SN) is the most frequently used model in experimental research on peripheral nerve injuries. Within the broad range of evaluation methods to determine the experimental outcome, recovery of behavior represents the major criterion to assess functional regeneration. The grasping test indicates when recovery begins and its improvement with time. However, lesions of the SN have yet remained unstudied with this method. Therefore, rats received a SN resection and were divided into experimental groups: 1) control with lesion only, 2) nerve bridge, and 3) autograft. During weekly sessions, the grasping test measured the grip strength, and the locomotor behavior was assessed in the open field. Finally, the nerves were prepared for electrophysiology and histomorphometry. Autograft recovered grasping after 7 weeks with the strongest improvement afterwards. Nerve tube allowed grasping by week 12. Control animals did not recover. In the open field, no differences were observed between the groups. Recordings were possible only in the autograft group, which could be explained by higher number of regenerated fibers. This study indicates that grasping data correspond with physiological and anatomical findings. We conclude that the grasping test is a valid method to evaluate functional recovery after SN resection in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Tim Christer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (Current affiliation) Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sophie Ch Rhode
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (Current affiliation) Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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7
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Morini E, Chekuri A, Logan EM, Bolduc JM, Kirchner EG, Salani M, Krauson AJ, Narasimhan J, Gabbeta V, Grover S, Dakka A, Mollin A, Jung SP, Zhao X, Zhang N, Zhang S, Arnold M, Woll MG, Naryshkin NA, Weetall M, Slaugenhaupt SA. Development of an oral treatment that rescues gait ataxia and retinal degeneration in a phenotypic mouse model of familial dysautonomia. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:531-547. [PMID: 36809767 PMCID: PMC10027479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by a splicing mutation in elongator acetyltransferase complex subunit 1 (ELP1). This mutation leads to the skipping of exon 20 and a tissue-specific reduction of ELP1, mainly in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FD is a complex neurological disorder accompanied by severe gait ataxia and retinal degeneration. There is currently no effective treatment to restore ELP1 production in individuals with FD, and the disease is ultimately fatal. After identifying kinetin as a small molecule able to correct the ELP1 splicing defect, we worked on its optimization to generate novel splicing modulator compounds (SMCs) that can be used in individuals with FD. Here, we optimize the potency, efficacy, and bio-distribution of second-generation kinetin derivatives to develop an oral treatment for FD that can efficiently pass the blood-brain barrier and correct the ELP1 splicing defect in the nervous system. We demonstrate that the novel compound PTC258 efficiently restores correct ELP1 splicing in mouse tissues, including brain, and most importantly, prevents the progressive neuronal degeneration that is characteristic of FD. Postnatal oral administration of PTC258 to the phenotypic mouse model TgFD9;Elp1Δ20/flox increases full-length ELP1 transcript in a dose-dependent manner and leads to a 2-fold increase in functional ELP1 in the brain. Remarkably, PTC258 treatment improves survival, gait ataxia, and retinal degeneration in the phenotypic FD mice. Our findings highlight the great therapeutic potential of this novel class of small molecules as an oral treatment for FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Morini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Anil Chekuri
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Grousbeck Gene Therapy Center, Schepens Eye Research Institute and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Logan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica M Bolduc
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily G Kirchner
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Salani
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram J Krauson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amal Dakka
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Anna Mollin
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | | | - Xin Zhao
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Nanjing Zhang
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Sophie Zhang
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Marla Weetall
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc., South Plainfield, NJ 07080, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Neves Atti V, Fernandes M, Santiago de Lima Figueiredo G, Roth F, Gomes Valente S, Nakachima LR, Fernandes CH, Gomes Dos Santos JB. Peripheral nerve regeneration in rats using nerve graft in a vein conduit pre-filled with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). HAND SURGERY & REHABILITATION 2023; 42:61-68. [PMID: 36496199 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of peripheral nerve injury is not always satisfactory. To improve results, specific adjuvant methods have been used, such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and vein conduits. The goal of this study was to assess whether use of PRF and vein conduits after nerve suture improves nerve regeneration as measured by a functional score and histomorphometry analysis. Ten isogenic spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly assigned to 4 experimental procedures: 1) Sham group (n = 10); 2) Nerve graft (NG) group (n = 10); 3) Nerve graft covered with a vein conduit (NGVC) (n = 10); and 4) Nerve graft covered with a vein conduit pre-filled with PRF (NGVCP) (n = 10). Nerve repair results were evaluated on: sciatic functional index (SFI) at 0, 30, 60 and 90 days; morphometric and morphologic analysis of the distal nerve; and histological analysis of Fluoro-Gold® stained motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. Compared to the Sham control group, the NGVC and NGVCP groups exhibited lower SFI on all measures. The NGVC group showed improvement in SFI at day 90, which was significant compared to the NG group. Fiber and axon diameters were comparable in the NGVC and NGVCP groups, which were both significantly lower than in the Sham and NG groups. Significant improvement was expected with PRF, but in fact the release of factors from this substance was not as effective as hoped.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Neves Atti
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Fernandes
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Santiago de Lima Figueiredo
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F Roth
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Gomes Valente
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L R Nakachima
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C H Fernandes
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J B Gomes Dos Santos
- Division of Hand Surgery, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, Borges Lagoa Street 786, 04038-001 São Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Clicker Training Mice for Improved Compliance in the Catwalk Test. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243545. [PMID: 36552465 PMCID: PMC9774362 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The CatWalk test relies on the run of mice across the platform to measure a constant speed with low variation. Mice usually require a stimulus to walk to the end of the catwalk. However, such stimuli are usually aversive and can impair welfare. Positive reinforcement training of laboratory animals is a thriving tool for refinement and contributes to meeting the demands instituted by Directive 2010/63/EU. We have already demonstrated the positive effects of clicker training. In this study, we trained male and female mice to complete the CatWalk protocol while assessing the effects of training on their well-being (Open Filed and Elevated Plus Maze). In the CatWalk test, we observed that clicker training improved the running speed of the mice. In addition, clicker training reduced the number of runs required by mice, which was more pronounced in males. Clicker training lowered anxiety-like behaviors in our mice, especially in females, where a significant difference was observed between trained and untrained ones. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that clicker training is an effective tool to motivate mice and increase performance on the CatWalk test without potentially impairing their welfare (e.g., by puffing them).
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10
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Allgood JE, Roballo KCS, Sparks BB, Bushman JS. The effects of graft source and orientation on outcomes after ablation of a branched peripheral nerve. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1055490. [PMID: 36451654 PMCID: PMC9701849 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1055490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Segmental peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are the most common cause of enduring nervous system dysfunction. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has an extensive and highly branching organization. While much is known about the factors that affect regeneration through sharp bisections and linear ablations of peripheral nerves, very little has been investigated or documented about PNIs that ablate branch points. Such injuries present additional complexity compared to linear segmental defects. This study compared outcomes following ablation of a branch point with branched grafts, specifically examining how graft source and orientation of the branched graft contributed to regeneration. The model system was Lewis rats that underwent a 2.5 cm ablation that started in the sciatic nerve trunk and included the peroneal/tibial branch point. Rats received grafts that were rat sciatic autograft, inbred sciatic allograft, and inbred femoral allograft, each of which was a branched graft of 2.5 cm. Allografts were obtained from Lewis rats, which is an inbred strain. Both branches of the sciatic grafts were mixed motor and sensory while the femoral grafts were smaller in diameter than sciatic grafts and one branch of the femoral graft is sensory and the other motor. All branched grafts were sutured into the defect in two orientations dictated by which branch in the graft was sutured to the tibial vs peroneal stumps in recipients. Outcome measures include compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and CatWalk gait analysis throughout the recovery period, with toluidine blue for intrinsic nerve morphometry and retrograde labeling conducted at the 36-week experimental end point. Results indicate that graft source and orientation does play a significant role earlier in the regenerative process but by 36 weeks all groups showed very similar indications of regeneration across multiple outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jared S. Bushman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, United States
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11
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Figueiredo GSDL, Fernandes M, Atti VN, Valente SG, Roth F, Nakachima LR, dos Santos JBG, Fernandes CH. Use of aerobic treadmill exercises on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370804. [PMID: 36327398 PMCID: PMC9633008 DOI: 10.1590/acb370804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Various postoperative protocols have been proposed to improve outcomes and accelerate nerve regeneration. Recently, the use of physical exercise in a post-surgical neurorraphy procedure has shown good results when started early. We experimentally investigated the hypothesis that post-operative exercise speeds up results and improves clinical and morphologic parameters. METHODS Isogenic rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1 SHAM; 2 SHAM submitted to the exercise protocol (EP); 3 Grafting of the sciatic nerve; and 4 Grafting of the sciatic nerve associated with the EP. The EP was based on aerobic activities with a treadmill, with a progressive increase in time and intensity during 6 weeks. The results were evaluated by the sciatic functional index (SFI), morphometric and morphologic analysis of nerve distal to the lesion, and the number of spinal cord motor neurons, positive to the marker Fluoro-Gold (FG), captured retrogradely through neurorraphy. RESULTS Functional analysis (SFI) did not show a statistical difference between the group grafted with (-50.94) and without exercise (-65.79) after 90 days. The motoneurons count (Spinal cord histology) also showed no diference between these groups (834.5 × 833 respectively). Although functionally there is no difference between these groups, morphometric study showed a greater density (53.62) and larger fibers (7.762) in GRAFT group. When comparing both operated groups with both SHAM groups, all values were much lower. CONCLUSIONS The experimental model that this aerobic treadmill exercises protocol did not modify nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury and repair with nerve graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Santiago de Lima Figueiredo
- MD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil.,Corresponding author:
- (55 11) 98386-0432
| | - Marcela Fernandes
- PhD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Vinícius Neves Atti
- MD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Sandra Gomes Valente
- PhD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Felipe Roth
- MD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Luis Renato Nakachima
- PhD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - João Baptista Gomes dos Santos
- PhD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Fernandes
- PhD. Universidade Federal de São Paulo – Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology – Division of Hand Surgery – Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil
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12
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Heinzel JC, Oberhauser V, Keibl C, Schädl B, Swiadek NV, Längle G, Frick H, Slezak C, Prahm C, Grillari J, Kolbenschlag J, Hercher D. ESWT Diminishes Axonal Regeneration following Repair of the Rat Median Nerve with Muscle-In-Vein Conduits but Not after Autologous Nerve Grafting. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081777. [PMID: 35892677 PMCID: PMC9394363 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations reporting positive effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on nerve regeneration are limited to the rat sciatic nerve model. The effects of ESWT on muscle-in-vein conduits (MVCs) have also not been investigated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ESWT after repair of the rat median nerve with either autografts (ANGs) or MVCs. In male Lewis rats, a 7 mm segment of the right median nerve was reconstructed either with an ANG or an MVC. For each reconstructive technique, one group of animals received one application of ESWT while the other rats served as controls. The animals were observed for 12 weeks, and nerve regeneration was assessed using computerized gait analysis, the grasping test, electrophysiological evaluations and histological quantification of axons, blood vessels and lymphatic vasculature. Here, we provide for the first time a comprehensive analysis of ESWT effects on nerve regeneration in a rat model of median nerve injury. Furthermore, this study is among the first reporting the quantification of lymphatic vessels following peripheral nerve injury and reconstruction in vivo. While we found no significant direct positive effects of ESWT on peripheral nerve regeneration, results following nerve repair with MVCs were significantly inferior to those after ANG repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes C. Heinzel
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (J.C.H.); (C.P.); (J.K.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viola Oberhauser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Keibl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Schädl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facility Morphology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole V. Swiadek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Längle
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helen Frick
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cyrill Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT 84058, USA
| | - Cosima Prahm
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (J.C.H.); (C.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Kolbenschlag
- Department of Hand-, Plastic, Reconstructive and Burn Surgery, BG Klinik Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 95, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (J.C.H.); (C.P.); (J.K.)
| | - David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria; (V.O.); (C.K.); (B.S.); (N.V.S.); (G.L.); (H.F.); (C.S.); (J.G.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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13
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Yao Z, Yuan W, Xu J, Tong W, Mi J, Ho P, Chow DHK, Li Y, Yao H, Li X, Xu S, Guo J, Zhu Q, Bian L, Qin L. Magnesium-Encapsulated Injectable Hydrogel and 3D-Engineered Polycaprolactone Conduit Facilitate Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202102. [PMID: 35652188 PMCID: PMC9313484 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a challenging orthopedic condition that can be treated by autograft transplantation, a gold standard treatment in the current clinical setting. Nevertheless, limited availability of autografts and potential morbidities in donors hampers its widespread application. Bioactive scaffold-based tissue engineering is a promising strategy to promote nerve regeneration. Additionally, magnesium (Mg) ions enhance nerve regeneration; however, an effectively controlled delivery vehicle is necessary to optimize their in vivo therapeutic effects. Herein, a bisphosphonate-based injectable hydrogel exhibiting sustained Mg2+ delivery for peripheral nerve regeneration is developed. It is observed that Mg2+ promoted neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and Sema5b. Moreover, implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) conduits filled with Mg2+ -releasing hydrogel in 10 mm nerve defects in rats significantly enhanced axon regeneration and remyelination at 12 weeks post-operation compared to the controls (blank conduits or conduits filled with Mg2+ -absent hydrogel). Functional recovery analysis reveals enhanced reinnervation in the animals treated with the Mg2+ -releasing hydrogel compared to that in the control groups. In summary, the Mg2+ -releasing hydrogel combined with the 3D-engineered PCL conduit promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Thus, a new strategy to facilitate the repair of challenging peripheral nerve injuries is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Weihao Yuan
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Wenxue Tong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jie Mi
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Pak‐Cheong Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics & TraumatologyPrince of Wales HospitalChinese University of Hong KongHong KongSAR999077China
| | - Dick Ho Kiu Chow
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Ye Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Hao Yao
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Xu Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Shunxiang Xu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic TraumaFirst Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong Province510080China
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and EngineeringNational Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and ReconstructionKey Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of EducationSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong Province510006China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory of Department of Orthopedics & TraumatologyInnovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial & Drug Translational Research LaboratoryLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
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14
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de la Puente B, Zamanillo D, Romero L, Carceller A, Vela JM, Merlos M, Portillo-Salido E. Comprehensive Preclinical Assessment of Sensory, Functional, Motivational-Affective, and Neurochemical Outcomes in Neuropathic Pain: The Case of the Sigma-1 Receptor. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:240-254. [PMID: 35434530 PMCID: PMC9003638 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a major health problem and is currently facing slow drug innovation. New drug treatments should address not only the sensory-discriminative but also functional and motivational-affective components of chronic pain. In a mouse model of neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL), we analyzed sensory and functional-like outcomes by hindpaw mechanical stimulation and automated gait analysis (CatWalk). We characterized over time a reward-seeking task based on diminished motivation for natural reinforcers (anhedonic-like behavior). To differentiate the appetitive ("wanting") and consummatory ("liking") aspects of motivational behavior, we quantified the latency and number of approaches to eat white chocolate, as well as the eating duration and amount consumed. We explored a putative chronic pain-induced dysregulation of monoamine function by measuring monoamine levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a well-known brain reward area. Finally, we investigated the role of sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) modulation, a nonopioid target, in these multiple dimensions by genetic deletion and pharmacological dose-response studies. After 6 weeks, PSNL increased the approach latency and reduced the consumption of white chocolate in 20-25% of the mice, while around 50-60% had one or the other parameter affected independently. After 10 weeks, sham-operated mice also displayed anhedonic-like behavior. PSNL was associated with reduced extracellular baseline dopamine and increased norepinephrine in the NAc and with a suppression of increased dopamine and serotonin efflux in response to the rewarding stimulus. Genetic and pharmacological blockade of σ1R relieved these multiple alterations in nerve-injured mice. We comprehensively describe sensory, functional, and depression-like impairment of key components of motivated behavior associated with nerve injury. We provide a neurochemical substrate for the depressed mesocorticolimbic reward processing in chronic pain, with a potentially increased translational value. Our results also highlight σ1R for the therapeutic intervention of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Zamanillo
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luz Romero
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia Carceller
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miguel Vela
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Welab Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Ren J, Tang X, Wang T, Wei X, Zhang J, Lu L, Liu Y, Yang B. A Dual-Modal Magnetic Resonance/Photoacoustic Imaging Tracer for Long-Term High-Precision Tracking and Facilitating Repair of Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200183. [PMID: 35306758 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical tracing is considered a crucial technique to assess the axonal regeneration level after injury, but traditional tracers do not meet the needs of in vivo neural tracing in deep tissues. Magnetic resonance (MR) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging have high spatial resolution, great penetration depth, and rich contrast. Fe3 O4 nanoparticles may work well as a dual-modal diagnosis probe for neural tracers, with the potential to improve nerve regeneration. The present study combines antegrade neural tracing imaging therapy for the peripheral nervous system. Fe3 O4 @COOH nanoparticles are successfully conjugated with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) to produce antegrade nano-neural tracers, which are encapsulated by microfluidic droplets to control leakage and allow sustained, slow release. They have many notable advantages over traditional tracers, including dual-modal real-time MR/PA imaging in vivo, long-duration release effect, and limitation of uncontrolled leakage. These multifunctional anterograde neural tracers have potential neurotherapeutic function, are reliable and may be used as a new platform for peripheral nerve injury imaging and treatment integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Ren
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Xiaoduo Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130021 China
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto‐Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130012 China
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16
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Sorkin JA, Rechany Z, Almog M, Dietzmeyer N, Shapira Y, Haastert-Talini K, Rochkind S. A Rabbit Model for Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction Studies Avoiding Automutilation Behavior. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2022; 17:e22-e29. [PMID: 35747584 PMCID: PMC9213117 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
The rabbit sciatic nerve injury model may represent a valuable alternative for critical gap distance seen in humans but often leads to automutilation. In this study, we modified the complete sciatic nerve injury model for avoiding autophagy.
Materials and Methods
In 20 adult female New Zealand White rabbits, instead of transecting the complete sciatic nerve, we unilaterally transected the tibial portion and preserved the peroneal portion. Thereby loss of sensation in the dorsal aspect of the paw was avoided. The tibial portion was repaired in a reversed autograft approach in a length of 2.6 cm. In an alternative repair approach, a gap of 2.6 cm in length was repaired with a chitosan-based nerve guide.
Results
During the 6-month follow-up period, there were no incidents of autotomy. Nerve regeneration of the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve was evaluated histologically and morphometrically. A clear difference between the distal segments of the healthy contralateral and the repaired tibial portion of the sciatic nerve was detectable, validating the model.
Conclusion
By transecting the isolated tibial portion of the rabbit sciatic nerve and leaving the peroneal portion intact, it was possible to eliminate automutilation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Sorkin
- Research Center for Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ziv Rechany
- Research Center for Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mara Almog
- Research Center for Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nina Dietzmeyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuval Shapira
- Division of Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover, Germany
| | - Shimon Rochkind
- Research Center for Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Division of Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction, Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Radulescu A, White FA, Chenu C. What Did We Learn About Fracture Pain from Animal Models? J Pain Res 2022; 15:2845-2856. [PMID: 36124034 PMCID: PMC9482434 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s361826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in bone fracture repair research has been made possible due to the development of reproducible models of fracture in rodents with more clinically relevant fracture fixation, where there is considerably better assessment of the factors that affect fracture healing and/or novel therapeutics. However, chronic or persistent pain is one of the worst, longest-lasting and most difficult symptoms to manage after fracture repair, and an ongoing challenge remains for animal welfare as limited information exists regarding pain scoring and management in these rodent fracture models. This failure of adequate pre-clinical pain assessment following osteotomy in the rodent population may not only subject the animal to severe pain states but may also affect the outcome of the bone healing study. Animal models to study pain were also mainly developed in rodents, and there is increasing validation of fracture and pain models to quantitatively evaluate fracture pain and to study the factors that generate and maintain fracture pain and develop new therapies for treating fracture pain. This review aims to discuss the different animal models for fracture pain research and characterize what can be learned from using animal models of fracture regarding behavioral pain states and new molecular targets for future management of these behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Radulescu
- Royal Veterinary College, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, London, NW1 OTU, UK
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chantal Chenu
- Royal Veterinary College, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, London, NW1 OTU, UK
- Correspondence: Chantal Chenu, Royal Veterinary College, Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK, Tel +44 207 468 5045, Email
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18
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Wang X, Zang J, Yang Y, Lu S, Guan Q, Ye D, Wang Z, Zhou H, Li K, Wang Q, Wu Y, Luan Z. Transplanted Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Restore Neurobehavioral Deficits in a Rat Model of Preterm White Matter Injury. Front Neurol 2021; 12:749244. [PMID: 34858313 PMCID: PMC8631304 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.749244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preterm white matter injury (PWMI) is a common brain injury and a leading cause of life-long neurological deficits in premature infants; however, no effective treatment is available yet. This study aimed to investigate the fate and effectiveness of transplanted human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (hOPCs) in a rat model of PWMI. Methods: Hypoxia-ischemia was induced in rats at postnatal day 3, and hOPCs (6 × 105 cells/5 μL) were intracerebroventricularly transplanted at postnatal day 7. Neurobehavior was assessed 12 weeks post-transplant using the CatWalk test and Morris water maze test. Histological analyses, as well as immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopy, were performed after transcardial perfusion. Results: Transplanted hOPCs survived for 13 weeks in PWMI brains. They were widely distributed in the injured white matter, and migrated along the corpus callosum to the contralateral hemisphere. Notably, 82.77 ± 3.27% of transplanted cells differentiated into mature oligodendrocytes, which produced myelin around the axons. Transplantation of hOPCs increased the fluorescence intensity of myelin basic protein and the thickness of myelin sheaths as observed in immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy, while it reduced white matter atrophy at the level of gross morphology. With regard to neurobehavior, the CatWalk test revealed improved locomotor function and inter-paw coordination after transplantation, and the cognitive functions of hOPC-transplanted rats were restored as revealed by the Morris water maze test. Conclusions: Myelin restoration through the transplantation of hOPCs led to neurobehavioral improvements in PWMI rats, suggesting that transplanting hOPCs may provide an effective and promising therapeutic strategy in children with PWMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxiang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siliang Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Guan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dou Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youjia Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zuo Luan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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19
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Wang S, Zhu C, Zhang B, Hu J, Xu J, Xue C, Bao S, Gu X, Ding F, Yang Y, Gu X, Gu Y. BMSC-derived extracellular matrix better optimizes the microenvironment to support nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121251. [PMID: 34810037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A favorable microenvironment plays an important role in nerve regeneration. Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from cultured cells or natural tissues can facilitate nerve regeneration in the presence of various microenvironmental cues, including biochemical, spatial, and biomechanical factors. This study, through proteomics and three-dimensional image analysis, determines that the components and spatial organization of the ECM secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMSCs) are more similar to acellular nerves than those of the ECMs derived from Schwann cells (SCs), skin-derived precursor Schwann cells (SKP-SCs), or fibroblasts (FBs). ECM-modified nerve grafts (ECM-NGs) are engineered by co-cultivating BMSCs, SCs, FBs, SKP-SCs with well-designed nerve grafts used to bridge nerve defects. BMSC-ECM-NGs exhibit the most promising nerve repair properties based on the histology, neurophysiology, and behavioral analyses. The regeneration microenvironment formed by the ECM-NGs is also characterized by proteomics, and the advantages of BMSC-ECM-NGs are evidenced by the enhanced expression of factors related to neural regeneration and reduced immune response. Together, these findings indicate that BMSC-derived ECMs create a more superior microenvironment for nerve regeneration than that by the other ECMs and may, therefore, represent a potential alternative for the clinical repair of peripheral nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengran Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Changlai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Junxia Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Shuangxi Bao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Fei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China.
| | - Yun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, JS, 226001, PR China.
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20
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Pitzer C, Kurpiers B, Eltokhi A. Gait performance of adolescent mice assessed by the CatWalk XT depends on age, strain and sex and correlates with speed and body weight. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21372. [PMID: 34725364 PMCID: PMC8560926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The automatization of behavioral tests assessing motor activity in rodent models is important for providing robust and reproducible results and evaluating new therapeutics. The CatWalk system is an observer-independent, automated and computerized technique for the assessment of gait performance in rodents. This method has previously been used in adult rodent models of CNS-based movement disorders such as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. As motor and gait abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders are observed during infancy and adolescence, it became important to validate the CatWalk XT in the gait analysis of adolescent mice and unravel factors that may cause variations in gait performance. Three adolescent wild-type inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6N, DBA/2 and FVB/N, were tested using the CatWalk XT (Version 10.6) for suitable detection settings to characterize several gait parameters at P32 and P42. The same detection settings being suitable for C57BL/6N and DBA/2 mice allowed a direct comparison between the two strains. On the other hand, due to their increased body weight and size, FVB/N mice required different detection settings. The CatWalk XT reliably measured the temporal, spatial, and interlimb coordination parameters in the investigated strains during adolescence. Additionally, significant effects of sex, development, speed and body weight within each strain confirmed the sensitivity of motor and gait functions to these factors. The CatWalk gait analysis of rodents during adolescence, taking the effect of age, strain, sex, speed and body weight into consideration, will decrease intra-laboratory discrepancies and increase the face validity of rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pitzer
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Kurpiers
- Interdisciplinary Neurobehavioral Core, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Eltokhi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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21
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Rosiglitazone Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia of Rats with Bone Cancer Pain through the Activation of PPAR- γ to Inhibit the NF- κB/NLRP3 Inflammatory Axis in Spinal Cord Neurons. PPAR Res 2021; 2021:6086265. [PMID: 34484316 PMCID: PMC8413064 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6086265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a serious clinical problem that affects the quality of life of cancer patients. However, the current treatment methods for this condition are still unsatisfactory. This study investigated whether intrathecal injection of rosiglitazone modulates the noxious behaviors associated with BCP, and the possible mechanisms related to this effect were explored. We found that rosiglitazone treatment relieved bone cancer-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner, promoted the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in spinal cord neurons, and inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory axis induced by BCP. However, concurrent administration of the PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662 reversed these effects. The results show that rosiglitazone inhibits the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammation axis by activating PPAR-γ in spinal neurons, thereby alleviating BCP. Therefore, the PPAR-γ/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway may be a potential target for the treatment of BCP in the future.
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22
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Isvoranu G, Manole E, Neagu M. Gait Analysis Using Animal Models of Peripheral Nerve and Spinal Cord Injuries. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1050. [PMID: 34440252 PMCID: PMC8392642 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review discusses recent data regarding rodent models of spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries in terms of gait analysis using the CatWalk system (CW), an automated and exceptionally reliable system for assessing gait abnormalities and motor coordination. CW is a good tool for both studying improvements in the walking of animals after suffering a peripheral nerve and spinal cord lesion and to select the best therapies and procedures after tissue destruction, given that it provides objective and quantifiable data. Most studies using CW for gait analysis that were published in recent years focus on injuries inflicted in the peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and brain. CW has been used in the assessment of rodent motor function through high-resolution videos, whereby specialized software was used to measure several aspects of the animal's gait, and the main characteristics of the automated system are presented here. CW was developed to assess footfall and gait changes, and it can calculate many parameters based on footprints and time. However, given the multitude of parameters, it is necessary to evaluate which are the most important under the employed experimental circumstances. By selecting appropriate animal models and evaluating peripheral nerve and spinal cord lesion regeneration using standardized methods, suggestions for new therapies can be provided, which represents the translation of this methodology into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheorghita Isvoranu
- Husbandry Unit, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Emilia Manole
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Myology, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Pathology Department, Colentina University Hospital, 19-21 Sos. Stefan cel Mare, 020125 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monica Neagu
- Pathology Department, Colentina University Hospital, 19-21 Sos. Stefan cel Mare, 020125 Bucharest, Romania;
- Immunology Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-93 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Yao C, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wu J, Cao X, Lu Y, Chen Y, Feng W, Gu X, Dun XP, Yu B. Loc680254 regulates Schwann cell proliferation through Psrc1 and Ska1 as a microRNA sponge following sciatic nerve injury. Glia 2021; 69:2391-2403. [PMID: 34115425 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury triggers sequential phenotype alterations in Schwann cells, which are critical for axonal regeneration. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long transcripts without obvious coding potential. It has been reported that lncRNAs participate in diverse biological processes and diseases. However, the role of lncRNA in Schwann cells and peripheral nerve regeneration is unclear. Here, we identified an lncRNA, loc680254, which is upregulated in rat sciatic nerve after peripheral nerve injury. The loc680254 knockdown inhibits Schwann cell proliferation, enhances apoptosis, and hinders cell cycle, while loc680254 overexpression has the opposite effect. Mechanically, we found that loc680254 might act as a microRNA sponge to regulate the expression of mitosis-related gene, spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1 (Ska1) and proline/serine-rich coiled-coil 1 (Psrc1). Silencing of Psrc1 or Ska1 attenuates the effect of loc680254 overexpression on Schwann cell proliferation. Finally, we repaired the rat sciatic nerve gap with chitosan scaffolds loaded with loc680254-overexpressing Schwann cells and evaluated axon regeneration and functional recovery. Our results indicated that loc680254 is a new potential modulator for Schwann cell proliferation, which could be targeted to develop novel therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yaxian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiancheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xuemin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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24
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Seto T, Suzuki H, Okazaki T, Imajo Y, Nishida N, Funaba M, Kanchiku T, Taguchi T, Sakai T. Three-dimensional analysis of the characteristics of joint motion and gait pattern in a rodent model following spinal nerve ligation. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 34090446 PMCID: PMC8180104 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rat is well known as the most common rodent model of neuropathic pain without motor deficit. Researchers have performed analyses using only the von Frey and thermal withdrawal tests to evaluate pain intensity in the rat experimental model. However, these test are completely different from the neurological examinations performed clinically. We think that several behavioral reactions must be observed following SNL because the patients with neuropathic pain usually have impaired coordination of the motions of the right-left limbs and right-left joint motion differences. In this study, we attempted to clarify the pain behavioral reactions in SNL rat model as in patients. We used the Kinema-Tracer system for 3D kinematics gait analysis to identify new characteristic parameters of each joint movement and gait pattern. RESULTS The effect of SNL on mechanical allodynia was a 47 ± 6.1% decrease in the withdrawal threshold during 1-8 weeks post-operation. Sagittal trajectories of the hip, knee and ankle markers in SNL rats showed a large sagittal fluctuation of each joint while walking. Top minus bottom height of the left hip and knee that represents instability during walking was significantly larger in the SNL than sham rats. Both-foot contact time, which is one of the gait characteristics, was significantly longer in the SNL versus sham rats: 1.9 ± 0.15 s vs. 1.03 ± 0.15 s at 4 weeks post-operation (p = 0.003). We also examined the circular phase time to evaluate coordination of the right and left hind-limbs. The ratio of the right/left circular time was 1.0 ± 0.08 in the sham rats and 0.62 ± 0.15 in the SNL rats at 4 weeks post-operation. CONCLUSIONS We revealed new quantitative parameters in an SNL rat model that are directly relevant to the neurological symptoms in patients with neuropathic pain, in whom the von Frey and thermal withdrawal tests are not used at all clinically. This new 3D analysis system can contribute to the analysis of pain intensity of SNL rats in detail similar to human patients' reactions following neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Seto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Imajo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masahiro Funaba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kanchiku
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, Yamaguchi Rosai Hospital, Sanyoonoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Taguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi Rosai Hospital, Sanyoonoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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25
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Liu C, Fan L, Tian Z, Wen H, Zhou L, Guan P, Luo Y, Chan C, Tan G, Ning C, Rong L, Liu B. Self-curling electroconductive nerve dressing for enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration in diabetic rats. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3892-3903. [PMID: 33937592 PMCID: PMC8076708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductive scaffolds have been shown to exert a therapeutic effect on patients suffering from peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). However, conventional conductive conduits are made of rigid structures and have limited applications for impaired diabetic patients due to their mechanical mismatch with neural tissues and poor plasticity. We propose the development of biocompatible electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) that are identical to a surgical dressing in this study. Based on excellent adhesive and self-healing properties, the thin film-like dressing can be easily attached to the injured nerve fibers, automatically warps a tubular structure without requiring any invasive techniques. The ECH offers an intimate and stable electrical bridge coupling with the electrogenic nerve tissues. The in vitro experiments indicated that the ECH promoted the migration and adhesion of the Schwann cells. Furthermore, the ECH facilitated axonal regeneration and remyelination in vitro and in vivo through the MEK/ERK pathway, thus preventing muscle denervation atrophy while retaining functional recovery. The results of this study are likely to facilitate the development of non-invasive treatment techniques for PNIs in diabetic patients utilizing electroconductive hydrogels. Conventional conductive conduits are made of rigid structures and have limited applications for diabetic patients. Self-curling electroconductive hydrogel with porous, highly conductive, and adhesive properties were identical to a surgical dressing. Electroconductive hydrogel facilitates axonal regeneration and remyelination via MEK/ERK pathway. ECH dressing prevent muscle denervation atrophy and retain functional recovery in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lei Fan
- College of Materials Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenming Tian
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huiquan Wen
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Pengfei Guan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yian Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuncheung Chan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- College of Materials Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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26
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Combined Use of Chitosan and Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6613029. [PMID: 33488738 PMCID: PMC7801080 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury remains a clinical challenge with severe physiological and functional consequences. Despite the existence of multiple possible therapeutic approaches, until now, there is no consensus regarding the advantages of each option or the best methodology in promoting nerve regeneration. Regenerative medicine is a promise to overcome this medical limitation, and in this work, chitosan nerve guide conduits and olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells were applied in different therapeutic combinations to promote regeneration in sciatic nerves after neurotmesis injury. Over 20 weeks, the intervened animals were subjected to a regular functional assessment (determination of motor performance, nociception, and sciatic indexes), and after this period, they were evaluated kinematically and the sciatic nerves and cranial tibial muscles were evaluated stereologically and histomorphometrically, respectively. The results obtained allowed confirming the beneficial effects of using these therapeutic approaches. The use of chitosan NGCs and cells resulted in better motor performance, better sciatic indexes, and lower gait dysfunction after 20 weeks. The use of only NGGs demonstrated better nociceptive recoveries. The stereological evaluation of the sciatic nerve revealed identical values in the different parameters for all therapeutic groups. In the muscle histomorphometric evaluation, the groups treated with NGCs and cells showed results close to those of the group that received traditional sutures, the one with the best final values. The therapeutic combinations studied show promising outcomes and should be the target of new future works to overcome some irregularities found in the results and establish the combination of nerve guidance conduits and olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as viable options in the treatment of peripheral nerves after injury.
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Huang ZH, Feng AY, Liu J, Zhou L, Zhou B, Yu P. Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 accelerates nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury in mice. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2542-2548. [PMID: 33907046 PMCID: PMC8374553 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) can promote axonal regeneration after injury of the central nervous system. However, whether Id2 can promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is currently unknown. In this study, we established a mouse model of bilateral sciatic nerve crush injury. Two weeks before injury, AAV9-Id2-3×Flag-GFP was injected stereotaxically into the bilateral ventral horn of lumbar spinal cord. Our results showed that Id2 was successfully delivered into spinal cord motor neurons projecting to the sciatic nerve, and the number of regenerated motor axons in the sciatic nerve distal to the crush site was increased at 2 weeks after injury, arriving at the tibial nerve and reinnervating a few endplates in the gastrocnemius muscle. By 1 month after injury, extensive neuromuscular reinnervation occurred. In addition, the amplitude of compound muscle action potentials of the gastrocnemius muscle was markedly recovered, and their latency was shortened. These findings suggest that Id2 can accelerate axonal regeneration, promote neuromuscular reinnervation, and enhance functional improvement following sciatic nerve injury. Therefore, elevating the level of Id2 in adult neurons may present a promising strategy for peripheral nerve repair following injury. The study was approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Jinan University (approval No. 20160302003) on March 2, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hai Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ai-Ying Feng
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Panpan Yu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of Central Nervous System Regeneration; Ministry of Education Joint International Research Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Heinzel J, Längle G, Oberhauser V, Hausner T, Kolbenschlag J, Prahm C, Grillari J, Hercher D. Use of the CatWalk gait analysis system to assess functional recovery in rodent models of peripheral nerve injury – a systematic review. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 345:108889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effect of Systemic Adipose-derived Stem Cell Therapy on Functional Nerve Regeneration in a Rodent Model. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2953. [PMID: 32802651 PMCID: PMC7413771 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Regardless of etiology, peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) result in disruption/loss of neuromuscular junctions, target muscle denervation, and poor sensorimotor outcomes with associated pain and disability. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have shown promise in neuroregeneration. However, there is a paucity of objective assessments reflective of functional neuroregeneration in experimental PNI. Here, we use a multimodal, static, and dynamic approach to evaluate functional outcomes after ASC therapy in a rodent PNI model.
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Alawadhi E, Chu TH, Midha R. Comparative Behavioral Assessment of Lewis and Nude Rats after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Comp Med 2020; 70:233-238. [PMID: 32384941 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy has shown potential in the field of peripheral nerve repair, and research using rodents is a critical and essential step toward clinical development of this approach. Traditionally, most experimental peripheral nerve injuries are conducted in inbred Lewis or outbred Sprague-Dawley strains. However, transplantation of xenogeneic cells such as human-derived cells typically triggers rejection in these animals. An alternative approach is to use immunodeficient animals, such as athymic nude rats. The lack of functional T cells in these animals renders them more accommodating to foreign cells from a different host. Currently, no literature exists regarding sensorimotor behavioral assessment of nude rats after peripheral nerve injury. To this end, we compared the functional recovery during a 6-wk period of behavioral testing of Lewis and nude rats after unilateral sciatic nerve crushing injury. Three sensorimotor behavioral assessments were performed weekly: a ladder rungwalking task to assess slip ratio and cross duration, von Frey nociception testing to determine the paw withdrawal threshold thus monitoring the regaining of sensory function, and sciatic functional index evaluation to monitor the recovery of integrated motor function. Both strains demonstrated significant sensory and motor deficits in the first week after injury, with a slight regain of sensory function, reduced slip ratio, and increased sciatic functional index starting at 2 wk. No significance difference existed between nude and Lewis rats in their recovery courses. We conclude that nude rats are a suitable model for behavioral training and assessment for cell transplantation studies in peripheral nerve injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Alawadhi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tak- Ho Chu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rajiv Midha
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;,
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Botulinum Toxin A Improves Supramuscular Fat Graft Retention by Enhancing Angiogenesis and Adipogenesis. Dermatol Surg 2020; 46:646-652. [DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Heinzel JC, Hercher D, Redl H. The course of recovery of locomotor function over a 10-week observation period in a rat model of femoral nerve resection and autograft repair. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01580. [PMID: 32097542 PMCID: PMC7177579 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great extent of knowledge on peripheral nerve regeneration has been gathered using the rat sciatic nerve model. The femoral nerve model of the rat offers an interesting alternative, as it lacks disadvantageous features such as automutilation. For the analysis of locomotor behavior in rats after sciatic nerve injury, the CatWalk™ XT Gait Analysis System is often used. However, lesions of the femoral nerve in the rat have yet remained unstudied with this method. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten male Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated with the CatWalk XT to study their gait after a 6-mm resection of the right femoral nerve and reconstruction with an autologous nerve graft. Animals were observed for 10 weeks after surgery. RESULTS Print Area, Print Length, Swing Speed, and Duty Cycle decreased to a minimum of 40% of baseline 2 weeks after surgery. Swing Time was elevated more than twofold at this time point. However, all these parameters recovered back to >90% of baseline values at 10 weeks after surgery. This degree of functional recovery has not been reported after sciatic nerve resection and autograft repair. Base of support varied minimally postoperatively in contrast to a strong decrement after sciatic nerve resection and repair. CONCLUSION We hereby provide a comprehensive in-depth analysis of how to study functional recovery after injury of the femoral nerve in the rat via the CatWalk XT. We place special emphasis on highlighting the differences between the femoral nerve and sciatic nerve injury model in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Christoph Heinzel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Trauma Research Center, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Yin Y, Phạm TL, Shin J, Shin N, Kang DW, Lee SY, Lee W, Kim CS, Kim SR, Hong J, Kim DW. Arginase 2 Deficiency Promotes Neuroinflammation and Pain Behaviors Following Nerve Injury in Mice. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020305. [PMID: 31979015 PMCID: PMC7073606 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophages, act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system. Arginase 2 (Arg2) is an enzyme involved in L-arginine metabolism and is expressed in macrophages and nervous tissue. In this study, we determined whether the absence of Arg2 plays a beneficial or detrimental role in the neuroinflammatory process. We then investigated whether the loss of Arg2 potentiated microglia activation and pain behaviors following nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. A spinal nerve transection (SNT) experimental model was used to induce neuropathic pain in mice. As a result of the peripheral nerve injury, SNT induced microgliosis and astrogliosis in the spinal cord, and upregulated inflammatory signals in both wild-type (WT) and Arg2 knockout (KO) mice. Notably, inflammation increased significantly in the Arg2 KO group compared to the WT group. We also observed a more robust microgliosis and a lower mechanical threshold in the Arg2 KO group than those in the WT group. Furthermore, our data revealed a stronger upregulation of M1 pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, and a stronger downregulation of M2 anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL4 and IL-10, in Arg2 KO mice. Additionally, stronger formation of enzyme-inducible nitric oxide synthase, oxidative stress, and decreased expression of CD206 were detected in the Arg2 KO group compared to the WT group. These results suggest that Arg2 deficiency contributes to inflammatory response. The reduction or the loss of Arg2 results in the stronger neuroinflammation in the spinal dorsal horn, followed by more severe pain behaviors arising from nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.L.P.); (J.S.); (N.S.); (D.-W.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Thuỳ Linh Phạm
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.L.P.); (J.S.); (N.S.); (D.-W.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.L.P.); (J.S.); (N.S.); (D.-W.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.L.P.); (J.S.); (N.S.); (D.-W.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kang
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.L.P.); (J.S.); (N.S.); (D.-W.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Wonhyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (W.L.)
| | - Cuk-Seong Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.L.P.); (J.S.); (N.S.); (D.-W.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Sang Ryong Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Institute of Life Science & Biotechnology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Dong-Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (Y.Y.); (T.L.P.); (J.S.); (N.S.); (D.-W.K.); (C.-S.K.)
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Chen M, Lyu H, Li T, Su XW, Leung CK, Xiong MZQ, Poon WS, Cai YF, Lu G, Chan WY, Wang LX. Study of the association between gait variability and gene expressions in a mouse model of transient focal ischemic stroke. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:52-63. [PMID: 31512542 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1663188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Gait variability analysis has been clinically adopted to characterize the presentation of various neurological diseases. However, literature and practice lack a comprehensive murine model assessment of the gait deficits that result from transient focal ischemic stroke. Further, correlations between gait parameters and the gene expression profiles associated with brain ischemia have yet to be identified. This study quantitatively assesses gait deficits through a murine model of transient focal cerebral ischemia on day 7 to determine associations between gait deficits and ischemia-related gene expressions.Methods: A total of 182 dynamic and static gait parameters from the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) murine model for simulating human transient focal ischemic stroke on day 7 were measured using the CatWalk system. Pearson's correlation analysis and genes associated with ischemia were identified from the existing literature to aid the investigation of the relationship between gait variability and gene expression profiles.Results: Thirty-nine gait parameters and the mRNA expression levels of four of the eight ischemia-associated genes exhibited more significant change in the MCAO models (p < 0.005) on day 7. Twenty-six gait parameters exhibited strong correlations with four ischemia-associated genes.Conclusion: This examination of gait variability and the strong correlation to the gene expression profiles associated with transient focal brain ischemia on day 7 provides a quantitative and reliable assessment of the MCAO model's motor performance. This research provides valuable insights into the study of disease progression and offers novel therapeutic interventions in the murine modeling of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Chen
- Neurology Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guang Zhou, China.,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tu Li
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Wei Su
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Kwan Leung
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark Zhi Qiang Xiong
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai Sang Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye-Feng Cai
- Neurology Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guang Zhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Ningxia Human Stem Cell Institute, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Neurology Department, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guang Zhou, China
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Yin Y, Hong J, Phạm TL, Shin J, Gwon DH, Kwon HH, Shin N, Shin HJ, Lee SY, Lee WH, Kim DW. Evans Blue Reduces Neuropathic Pain Behavior by Inhibiting Spinal ATP Release. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184443. [PMID: 31505901 PMCID: PMC6770806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon peripheral nerve injury, vesicular ATP is released from damaged primary afferent neurons. This extracellular ATP subsequently activates purinergic receptors of the spinal cord, which play a critical role in neuropathic pain. As an inhibitor of the vesicular nucleotide transporter (VNUT), Evans blue (EB) inhibits the vesicular storage and release of ATP in neurons. Thus, we tested whether EB could attenuate neuropathic pain behavior induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in rats by targeting VNUT. An intrathecal injection of EB efficiently attenuated mechanical allodynia for five days in a dose-dependent manner and enhanced locomotive activity in an SNL rat model. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that EB was found in VNUT immunoreactivity on neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and the spinal dorsal horn. The level of ATP in cerebrospinal fluid in rats with SNL-induced neuropathic pain decreased upon administration of EB. Interestingly, EB blocked ATP release from neurons, but not glial cells in vitro. Eventually, the loss of ATP decreased microglial activity in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of the spinal cord, followed by a reduction in reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Finally, a similar analgesic effect of EB was demonstrated in rats with monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA) pain. Taken together, these data demonstrate that EB prevents ATP release in the spinal dorsal horn and reduces the ATP/purinergic receptor-induced activation of spinal microglia followed by a decline in algogenic substances, thereby relieving neuropathic pain in rats with SNL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Yin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Jinpyo Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Thuỳ Linh Phạm
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Juhee Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Do Hyeong Gwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hyeok Hee Kwon
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Nara Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Sun Yeul Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Won-Hyung Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
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Zhang CH, Ma ZZ, Huo BB, Lu YC, Wu JJ, Hua XY, Xu JG. Diffusional plasticity induced by electroacupuncture intervention in rat model of peripheral nerve injury. J Clin Neurosci 2019; 69:250-256. [PMID: 31477463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2019.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is an adjuvant therapy for peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Both peripheral and central alterations contribute to the rehabilitation process. We employed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the diffusion plasticity of afferent and efferent pathways caused by EA in model of peripheral nerve injury and reparation. Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups: normal group, model group and intervention group. Rats of the model group and the intervention group underwent sciatic nerve transection and anastomosis. EA intervention was performed on the intervention group at ST-36 and GB-30 for three months. Gait assessment and DTI were conducted at days post-operative (DPO) 30, 60 and 90. We selected corticospinal tract, spinothalamic tract and internal capsule as regions of interest and analyzed diffusion metrics including fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). FA values and RD values displayed significant differences or obvious tendency while AD values maintained a stable level. RD values displayed better indicative performance than FA in internal capsule. The intervention group presented significant correlation between RD values and Regularity Index (RI) during the intervention period. The effect of EA on peripheral nerve injury repairing rats appeared to be accelerated recovery process of sensory and motor neural pathway. We proposed that RD was a potential in vivo indicator for structural plasticity caused by EA and PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Zhang
- Center of Rehabilitation, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Ma
- Center of Rehabilitation, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Huo
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Chen Lu
- Center of Rehabilitation, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Center of Rehabilitation, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Ronchi G, Morano M, Fregnan F, Pugliese P, Crosio A, Tos P, Geuna S, Haastert-Talini K, Gambarotta G. The Median Nerve Injury Model in Pre-clinical Research - A Critical Review on Benefits and Limitations. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:288. [PMID: 31316355 PMCID: PMC6609919 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful introduction of innovative treatment strategies into clinical practise strongly depends on the availability of effective experimental models and their reliable pre-clinical assessment. Considering pre-clinical research for peripheral nerve repair and reconstruction, the far most used nerve regeneration model in the last decades is the sciatic nerve injury and repair model. More recently, the use of the median nerve injury and repair model has gained increasing attention due to some significant advantages it provides compared to sciatic nerve injury. Outstanding advantages are the availability of reliable behavioural tests for assessing posttraumatic voluntary motor recovery and a much lower impact on the animal wellbeing. In this article, the potential application of the median nerve injury and repair model in pre-clinical research is reviewed. In addition, we provide a synthetic overview of a variety of methods that can be applied in this model for nerve regeneration assessment. This article is aimed at helping researchers in adequately adopting this in vivo model for pre-clinical evaluation of peripheral nerve reconstruction as well as for interpreting the results in a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michela Morano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Fregnan
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Generale e Specialistica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Crosio
- UO Microchirurgia e Chirurgia della Mano, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Tos
- UO Microchirurgia e Chirurgia della Mano, Ospedale Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Moritz MS, Tepp WH, Inzalaco HN, Johnson EA, Pellett S. Comparative functional analysis of mice after local injection with botulinum neurotoxin A1, A2, A6, and B1 by catwalk analysis. Toxicon 2019; 167:20-28. [PMID: 31181297 PMCID: PMC6688953 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are potent neurotoxins and are the causative agent of botulism, as well as valuable pharmaceuticals. BoNTs are divided into seven serotypes that comprise over 40 reported subtypes. BoNT/A1 and BoNT/B1 are currently the only subtypes approved for pharmaceutical use in the USA. While several other BoNT subtypes including BoNT/A2 and/A6 have been proposed as promising pharmaceuticals, detailed characterization using in vivo assays are essential to determine their pharmaceutical characteristics compared to the currently used BoNT/A1 and/B1. Several methods for studying BoNTs in mice are being used, but no objective and quantitative assay for assessment of functional outcomes after injection has been described. Here we describe the use of CatWalk XT as a new analytical tool for the objective and quantitative analysis of the paralytic effect after local intramuscular injection of BoNT subtypes A1, A2, A6, and B1. Catwalk is a sophisticated gait and locomotion analysis system that quantitatively analyzes a rodent's paw print dimensions and footfall patterns while traversing a glass plate during unforced walk. Significant changes were observed in several gait parameters in mice after local intramuscular injection of all tested BoNT subtypes, however, no changes were observed in mice injected intraperitoneally with the same BoNTs. While a clear difference in time to peak paralysis was observed between BoNT/A1 and/B1, injection of all four toxins resulted in a deficit in the injected limb with the other limbs functionally compensating and with no qualitative differences between the four BoNT subtypes. The presented data demonstrate the utility of CatWalk as a tool for functional outcomes after local BoNT injection through its ability to collect large amounts of quantitative data and objectively analyze sensitive changes in static and dynamic gait parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Moritz
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Bacteriology, USA
| | - William H Tepp
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Bacteriology, USA
| | | | - Eric A Johnson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Bacteriology, USA
| | - Sabine Pellett
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Bacteriology, USA.
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Feehan AK, Zadina JE. Morphine immunomodulation prolongs inflammatory and postoperative pain while the novel analgesic ZH853 accelerates recovery and protects against latent sensitization. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:100. [PMID: 31109346 PMCID: PMC6528320 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have identified the proinflammatory, pronociceptive effects of morphine which ultimately exacerbate pain. Our novel endomorphin analog ZH853 does not produce proinflammatory effects on its own and gives potent, long-lasting analgesia. This study investigates whether ZH853’s lack of interaction with the neuroimmune system reduces the risk of prolonged pain. Methods Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to one of two treatment paradigms. Either (1) chronic pain followed by chronic treatment with morphine, ZH853 or vehicle, or (2) chronic drug administered prior to pain induction. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected or paw incision surgery was performed on the left hind plantar foot pad. Drugs were administered through Alzet osmotic minipumps at a rate of 1 μl/h for 5 days at appropriate doses based on prior experiments. Animals were tested for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia using von Frey filaments and the Hargreaves apparatus, respectively. Additionally, several gait parameters were measured using the CatWalk XT. When all animals had recovered from pain, 1 mg/kg of naltrexone was administered to test for development of latent sensitization (LS). A second set of animals was used to investigate dorsal horn inflammation following CFA and drug treatment. ANOVAs were used to assess differences between drug treatment groups. Results As expected, morphine increased and prolonged pain in all experiments compared to vehicle treatment. However, ZH853 treatment reduced the overall time spent in pain and the severity of pain scores compared to morphine. ZH853 not only reduced inflammation versus morphine treatment but also, in some instances, acted as an anti-inflammatory drug compared to vehicle treatment. Finally, ZH853 prevented the development of LS while vehicle- and morphine-treated animals showed robust relapse to pain. Conclusions ZH853 has a favorable side effect profile versus morphine and provides superior analgesia in a number of pain states. We now know that chronic use of this compound reduces time spent in a chronic pain state, the opposite of common opioids like morphine, and reduces the risk of LS, making ZH853 an excellent candidate for clinical development in humans for inflammatory and postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Feehan
- Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - James E Zadina
- SE LA Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. .,Dept. of Medicine, Neuroscience Lab #8516, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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40
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Hercher D, Kerbl M, Schuh CMAP, Heinzel J, Gal L, Stainer M, Schmidhammer R, Hausner T, Redl H, Nógrádi A, Hacobian A. Spatiotemporal Differences in Gene Expression Between Motor and Sensory Autografts and Their Effect on Femoral Nerve Regeneration in the Rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:182. [PMID: 31139050 PMCID: PMC6519304 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the outcome after autologous nerve grafting in the clinic, it is important to understand the limiting variables such as distinct phenotypes of motor and sensory Schwann cells. This study investigated the properties of phenotypically different autografts in a 6 mm femoral nerve defect model in the rat, where the respective femoral branches distally of the inguinal bifurcation served as homotopic, or heterotopic autografts. Axonal regeneration and target reinnervation was analyzed by gait analysis, electrophysiology, and wet muscle mass analysis. We evaluated regeneration-associated gene expression between 5 days and 10 weeks after repair, in the autografts as well as the proximal, and distal segments of the femoral nerve using qRT-PCR. Furthermore we investigated expression patterns of phenotypically pure ventral and dorsal roots. We identified highly significant differences in gene expression of a variety of regeneration-associated genes along the central – peripheral axis in healthy femoral nerves. Phenotypically mismatched grafting resulted in altered spatiotemporal expression of neurotrophic factor BDNF, GDNF receptor GFRα1, cell adhesion molecules Cadm3, Cadm4, L1CAM, and proliferation associated Ki67. Although significantly higher quadriceps muscle mass following homotopic nerve grafting was measured, we did not observe differences in gait analysis, and electrophysiological parameters between treatment paradigms. Our study provides evidence for phenotypic commitment of autologous nerve grafts after injury and gives a conclusive overview of temporal expression of several important regeneration-associated genes after repair with sensory or motor graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hercher
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kerbl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina M A P Schuh
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johannes Heinzel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - László Gal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michaela Stainer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Schmidhammer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Hausner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Nógrádi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ara Hacobian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Sarhane KA, Ibrahim Z, Martin R, Krick K, Cashman CR, Tuffaha SH, Broyles JM, Prasad N, Yao ZC, Cooney DS, Mi R, Lee WPA, Hoke A, Mao HQ, Brandacher G. Macroporous nanofiber wraps promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery in nerve repair by limiting fibrosis. Acta Biomater 2019; 88:332-345. [PMID: 30807875 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional outcomes following nerve repair remain suboptimal. Scarring at the repair site is a major impediment to regeneration. A biomaterial scaffold applied around the coaptation site that decreases inflammation holds great potential in reducing scarring, enhancing axonal growth, and improving functional recovery. In this study, we evaluated the effect of a macroporous nanofiber wrap, comprised of nonwoven electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), in improving axonal regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve cut and direct repair model. Controls consisted of conventional epineurial repair. We also evaluated our wrap against the commercially available AxoGuard wrap. At five weeks following repair, the nanofiber wrap group showed a significantly decreased intraneural macrophage invasion and collagen deposition at the repair site. This was associated with increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), decreased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α), and a decrease in the M1:M2 macrophage phenotype ratio. These findings suggest that this nanofiber wrap, with its unique macroporosity, is modulating the inflammatory response at the repair site by polarizing macrophages towards a pro-regenerative M2 phenotype. Concomitantly, a higher number of regenerated axons was noted. At sixteen weeks, the nanofiber wrap resulted in enhanced functional recovery as demonstrated by electrophysiology, neuromuscular re-innervation, and muscle histology. When compared to the AxoGuard wrap, the nanofiber wrap showed similar inflammation at the repair site and similar nerve morphometric findings, but there was a trend towards a lower overall number of macrophages invading the wrap wall. These results demonstrate favorable outcomes of the macroporous nanofiber wrap in promoting neuroregeneration and functional recovery following nerve repair. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, with specific fiber and pore sizes, were shown to modulate the immune response and create a regenerative environment. In this paper, we present a macroporous nanofiber wrap, made of poly-ε-caprolactone, to be applied at the coaptation site in primary nerve repair. We show that it regulates the inflammatory response at the repair site and decreases scarring/fibrosis. This results in enhanced axonal regeneration, allowing a higher number of axons to cross the suture line and reach the target muscle in a timely fashion. Functional outcomes are thus improved.
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Matias Júnior I, Medeiros P, de Freita RL, Vicente-César H, Ferreira Junior JR, Machado HR, Menezes-Reis R. Effective Parameters for Gait Analysis in Experimental Models for Evaluating Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Rats. Neurospine 2019; 16:305-316. [PMID: 30653907 PMCID: PMC6603843 DOI: 10.14245/ns.1836080.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve is a peripheral nerve injury widely used to induce mononeuropathy. This study used machine learning methods to identify the best gait analysis parameters for evaluating peripheral nerve injuries.
Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (weighing 270±10 g), were used in the present study and divided into the following 4 groups: CCI with 4 ligatures around the sciatic nerve (CCI-4L; n=7), a modified CCI model with 1 ligature (CCI-1L; n=7), a sham group (n=7), and a healthy control group (n=7). All rats underwent gait analysis 7 and 28 days postinjury. The data were evaluated using Kinovea and WeKa software (machine learning and neural networks).
Results In the machine learning analysis of the experimental groups, the pre-swing (PS) angle showed the highest ranking in all 3 analyses (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve using the Naive Bayes, k-nearest neighbors, radial basis function classifiers). Initial contact (IC), step length, and stride length also performed well. Between 7 and 28 days after injury, there was an increase in the total course time, step length, stride length, stride speed, and IC, and a reduction in PS and IC-PS. Statistically significant differences were found between the control group and experimental groups for all parameters except speed. Interactions between time after injury and nerve injury type were only observed for IC, PS, and IC-PS.
Conclusion PS angle of the ankle was the best gait parameter for differentiating nonlesions from nerve injuries and different levels of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivair Matias Júnior
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Priscila Medeiros
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience and Behavioural Sciences, Neurology Division, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato Leonardo de Freita
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Science and Literature of Ribeirão Preto of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Str. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hilton Vicente-César
- Center of Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - José Raniery Ferreira Junior
- Center of Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Hélio Rubens Machado
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael Menezes-Reis
- Center of Imaging Sciences and Medical Physics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biomechanics, Medicine, and Rehabilitation of Locomotor Apparatus, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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El-Habta R, Chen J, Pingel J, Backman LJ. Tendinosis-like changes in denervated rat Achilles tendon. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:426. [PMID: 30497469 PMCID: PMC6267070 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tendon disorders are common and lead to significant disability and pain. Our knowledge of the ‘tennis elbow’, the ‘jumpers knee’, and Achilles tendinosis has increased over the years, but changes in denervated tendons is yet to be described in detail. The aim of the present study was to investigate the morphological and biochemical changes in tendon tissue following two weeks of denervation using a unilateral sciatic nerve transection model in rat Achilles tendons. Methods Tendons were compared with respect to cell number, nuclear roundness, and fiber structure. The non-denervated contralateral tendon served as a control. Also, the expression of neuromodulators such as substance P and its preferred receptor neurokinin-1 receptor, NK-1R, was evaluated using real-time qRT-PCR. Results Our results showed that denervated tendons expressed morphological changes such as hypercellularity; disfigured cells; disorganization of the collagen network; increased production of type III collagen; and increased expression of NK-1R. Conclusion Taken together these data provide new insights into the histopathology of denervated tendons showing that denervation causes somewhat similar changes in the Achilles tendon as does tendinosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roine El-Habta
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Johan Bures väg 12, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jialin Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Johan Bures väg 12, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jessica Pingel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Johan Bures väg 12, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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44
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Regulation of Neuroregeneration by Long Noncoding RNAs. Mol Cell 2018; 72:553-567.e5. [PMID: 30401432 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have regenerative capacity following injury, but it is generally absent in the CNS. This difference is attributed, at least in part, to the intrinsic ability of PNS neurons to activate a unique regenerative transcriptional program following injury. Here, we profiled gene expression following sciatic nerve crush in mice and identified long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that act in the regenerating neurons and which are typically not expressed in other contexts. We show that two of these lncRNAs regulate the extent of neuronal outgrowth. We then focus on one of these, Silc1, and show that it regulates neuroregeneration in cultured cells and in vivo, through cis-acting activation of the transcription factor Sox11.
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45
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Liang Y, Zhang J, Walczak P, Bulte JWM. Quantification of motor neuron loss and muscular atrophy in ricin-induced focal nerve injury. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 308:142-150. [PMID: 30056087 PMCID: PMC6251705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrasciatic nerve injection of the Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA or ricin) causes degeneration of motor neurons (MNs) with functional deficits, such as those that occur in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The objective of this study was to develop a new comprehensive platform for quantitative evaluation of MN loss, muscular atrophy and behavioral deficits using different ricin injection regimens. NEW METHOD Fluorogold (FG)-guided stereological quantification of MNs, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of muscular atrophy, and CatWalk behavioral testing were used to evaluate the outcome of rats treated with different ricin regimens (RCA60 0.5 μg, RCA60 3 μg, and RCA120 6 μg) as animal models of MN degeneration. RESULTS FG-guided stereological counting of MNs enabled identification, dissection and robust quantification of ricin-induced MN loss. The RCA60 0.5 μg and RCA120 6 μg regimens were found to be best suited as preclinical MN depletion models, with a low mortality and a reproducible MN loss, accompanied by muscle atrophy and functional deficits evaluated by MRI and the CatWalk method, respectively. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS 1) Fluorogold neuronal tracing provides a robust and straightforward means for quantifying MN loss in the spinal cord; 2) MRI is well-suited to non-invasively assess muscle atrophy; and 3) The CatWalk method is more flexible than rotarod test for studying motor deficits. CONCLUSION Intrasciatic injection of RCA60 or RCA120 induces nerve injury and muscle atrophy, which can be properly evaluated by a comprehensive platform using FG-guided quantitative 3D topographic histological analysis, MRI and the CatWalk behavioral test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Liang
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Dept. of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Dept. of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Dept of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Zhu C, Huang J, Xue C, Wang Y, Wang S, Bao S, Chen R, Li Y, Gu Y. Skin derived precursor Schwann cell-generated acellular matrix modified chitosan/silk scaffolds for bridging rat sciatic nerve gap. Neurosci Res 2018; 135:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Local low dose curcumin treatment improves functional recovery and remyelination in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush through inhibition of oxidative stress. Neuropharmacology 2018; 139:98-116. [PMID: 30018000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries to peripheral nerves are frequent, however, specific pharmacological treatments are currently lacking. Curcumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties but high oral doses are required for therapeutic use, particularly due to its low bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of local and continuous treatment using low curcumin doses on functional recovery and nerve regeneration after rat sciatic nerve crush (SNC). Curcumin was administered by osmotic pumps with a catheter delivering the drug at the injury site (0.2 mg/day for 4 weeks). Functionally, early improvements in mechanical sensitivity, finger spacing of the injured paw, skilful walking and grip strength were observed in curcumin-treated animals. The curcumin treatment increased expression of compact myelin proteins (MPZ and PMP22), myelin sheath thickness and, correspondingly, increased motor and sensitive nerve conduction velocity. Microscopic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle indicated a curcumin-induced decrease in neurogenic lesions. Curcumin treatment reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (which were notably produced by macrophages), lipid peroxidation and increased expression of transcription factor Nrf2. In silico analyses indicated that curcumin combines all the characteristics required to be an efficient lipid peroxidation inhibitor at the heart of biological membranes, hence protecting their degradation due to ROS. This antioxidant capacity is likely to contribute to the beneficial effects of curcumin after SNC injury. These results demonstrate that, when administrated locally, low doses of curcumin represent a promising therapy for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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48
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Mikesh M, Ghergherehchi CL, Hastings RL, Ali A, Rahesh S, Jagannath K, Sengelaub DR, Trevino RC, Jackson DM, Bittner GD. Polyethylene glycol solutions rapidly restore and maintain axonal continuity, neuromuscular structures, and behaviors lost after sciatic nerve transections in female rats. J Neurosci Res 2018; 96:1223-1242. [PMID: 29659058 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Complete severance of major peripheral mixed sensory-motor nerve proximally in a mammalian limb produces immediate loss of action potential conduction and voluntary behaviors mediated by the severed distal axonal segments. These severed distal segments undergo Wallerian degeneration within days. Denervated muscles atrophy within weeks. Slowly regenerating (∼1 mm/day) outgrowths from surviving proximal stumps that often nonspecifically reinnervate denervated targets produce poor, if any, restoration of lost voluntary behaviors. In contrast, in this study using completely transected female rat sciatic axons as a model system, we provide extensive morphometric, immunohistochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral data to show that these adverse outcomes are avoided by microsuturing closely apposed axonal cut ends (neurorrhaphy) and applying a sequence of well-specified solutions, one of which contains polyethylene glycol (PEG). This "PEG-fusion" procedure within minutes reestablishes axoplasmic and axolemmal continuity and signaling by nonspecifically fusing (connecting) closely apposed open ends of severed motor and/or sensory axons at the lesion site. These PEG-fused axons continue to conduct action potentials and generate muscle action potentials and muscle twitches for months and do not undergo Wallerian degeneration. Continuously innervated muscle fibers undergo much less atrophy compared with denervated muscle fibers. Dramatic behavioral recovery to near-unoperated levels occurs within days to weeks, almost certainly by activating many central nervous system and peripheral nervous system synaptic and other plasticities, some perhaps to a greater extent than most neuroscientists would expect. Negative control transections in which neurorrhaphy and all solutions except the PEG-containing solution are applied produce none of these remarkably fortuitous outcomes observed for PEG-fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Mikesh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | - Amir Ali
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sina Rahesh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Karthik Jagannath
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Dale R Sengelaub
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Richard C Trevino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wellspan Teaching Hospitals, York, Pennsylvania
| | | | - George D Bittner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Bamba R, Riley DC, Kim JS, Cardwell NL, Pollins AC, Shack RB, Thayer WP. Evaluation of a Nerve Fusion Technique With Polyethylene Glycol in a Delayed Setting After Nerve Injury. J Hand Surg Am 2018; 43:82.e1-82.e7. [PMID: 28823535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been hypothesized to restore axonal continuity using an in vivo rat sciatic nerve injury model when nerve repair occurs within minutes after nerve injury. We hypothesized that PEG could restore axonal continuity when nerve repair was delayed. METHODS The left sciatic nerves of female Sprague-Dawley rats were transected and repaired in an end-to-end fashion using standard microsurgical techniques at 3 time points (1, 8, and 24 hours) after injury. Polyethylene glycol was delivered to the neurorrhaphy in the experimental group. Post-repair compound action potentials were immediately recorded after repair. Animals underwent behavioral assessments at 3 days and 1 week after surgery using the sciatic functional index test. The animals were sacrificed at 1 week to obtain axon counts. RESULTS The PEG-treated nerves had improved compound action potential conduction and animals treated with PEG had improved sciatic function index. Compound action potential conduction was restored in PEG-fused rats when nerves were repaired at 1, 8, and 24 hours. In the control groups, no compound action potential conduction was restored when nerves were repaired. Sciatic functional index was superior in PEG-fused rats at 3 and 7 days after surgery compared with control groups at all 3 time points of nerve repair. Distal motor and sensory axon counts were higher in the PEG-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Polyethylene glycol fusion is a new adjunct for nerve repair that allows rapid restoration of axonal continuity. It effective when delayed nerve repair is performed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nerve repair with application of PEG is a potential therapy that may have efficacy in a clinical setting. It is an experimental therapy that needs more investigation as well as clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Bamba
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Surgery, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
| | - David Colton Riley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Justine S Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nancy L Cardwell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alonda C Pollins
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - R Bruce Shack
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Wesley P Thayer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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Turan N, Miller BA, Heider RA, Nadeem M, Sayeed I, Stein DG, Pradilla G. Neurobehavioral testing in subarachnoid hemorrhage: A review of methods and current findings in rodents. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3461-3474. [PMID: 27677672 PMCID: PMC5669338 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16665623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The most important aspect of a preclinical study seeking to develop a novel therapy for neurological diseases is whether the therapy produces any clinically relevant functional recovery. For this purpose, neurobehavioral tests are commonly used to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of treatments in a wide array of cerebrovascular diseases and neurotrauma. Their use, however, has been limited in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage studies. After several randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trials repeatedly failed to produce a benefit in functional outcome despite some improvement in angiographic vasospasm, more rigorous methods of neurobehavioral testing became critical to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of the functional efficacy of proposed treatments. While several subarachnoid hemorrhage studies have incorporated an array of neurobehavioral assays, a standardized methodology has not been agreed upon. Here, we review neurobehavioral tests for rodents and their potential application to subarachnoid hemorrhage studies. Developing a standardized neurobehavioral testing regimen in rodent studies of subarachnoid hemorrhage would allow for better comparison of results between laboratories and a better prediction of what interventions would produce functional benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefize Turan
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brandon A Miller
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Robert A Heider
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maheen Nadeem
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- 2 Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gustavo Pradilla
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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