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Levy E, Herzog D, Ryder CH, Grunstein R, Gidron Y. Indirect Exposure to Atrocities and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Aid Workers: Hemispheric Lateralization Matters. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2373. [PMID: 38673646 PMCID: PMC11051319 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Humanitarian aid workers (HAWs) are indirectly exposed to atrocities relating to people of concern (POC). This may result in a risk of secondary traumatization demonstrated by post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Previous studies have demonstrated that hemispheric lateralization (HL) moderates the relationship between threat exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSSs). Aims: We hypothesized that indirect exposure to atrocities (IETA) would be positively correlated with PTSSs among HAWs with right and not left HL. Method: Fifty-four HAWs from several countries that provided humanitarian support in Greece and Colombia participated in this correlational and cross-sectional observation study. They completed scales relating to IETA, PTSSs were assessed using a brief, valid scale, and HL was measured. Results: IETA was positively and significantly related to PTSSs (r = 0.39, p < 0.005). Considering HL, IETA was unrelated to PTSSs among people with right HL (r = 0.29, p = 0.14), while IETA was related to PTSSs among people with left HL (r = 0.52, p = 0.008). Right HL emerged as a protective factor in the relationship between IETA and PTSS. Conclusions: An assessment of dominant HL can serve as one consideration among others when deploying HAWs in specific locations and roles, vis à vis IETA. Moreover, those found to have a higher risk for PTSSs based on their HL could be monitored more closely to prevent adverse reactions to IETA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Levy
- Department of Social Work, Tel Hai College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel;
- Research Center for Innovation in Social Work, Tel Hai College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel
- The Israeli School of Humanitarian Action, Tel Aviv 4632825, Israel
| | | | - Chen Hanna Ryder
- Brain & Behavior Research Institute, Western Galilee Academic College, Akko 2412101, Israel;
| | - Rachel Grunstein
- Department of Social Work, Tel Hai College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel;
| | - Yori Gidron
- Department of Nursing, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
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Bravi B, Melloni EMT, Paolini M, Palladini M, Calesella F, Servidio L, Agnoletto E, Poletti S, Lorenzi C, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Choroid plexus volume is increased in mood disorders and associates with circulating inflammatory cytokines. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:52-61. [PMID: 38030049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depressed patients exhibit altered levels of immune-inflammatory markers both in the peripheral blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and inflammatory processes have been widely implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. The Choroid Plexus (ChP), located at the base of each of the four brain ventricles, regulates the exchange of substances between the blood and CSF and several evidence supported a key role for ChP as a neuro-immunological interface between the brain and circulating immune cells. Given the role of ChP as a regulatory gate between periphery, CSF spaces and the brain, we compared ChP volumes in patients with bipolar disorder (BP) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls, exploring their association with history of illness and levels of circulating cytokines. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers and MRI scans were acquired for 73 MDD, 79 BD and 72 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Patients with either BD or MDD had higher ChP volumes than HC. With increasing age, the bilateral ChP volume was larger in patients, an effect driven by the duration of illness; while only minor effects were observed in HC. Right ChP volumes were proportional to higher levels of circulating cytokines in the clinical groups, including IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-17. Specific effects in the two diagnostic groups were observed when considering the left ChP, with positive association with IL-1ra, IL-13, IL-17, and CCL3 in BD, and negative associations with IL-2, IL-4, IL-1ra, and IFN-γ in MDD. These results suggest that ChP could represent a reliable and easy-to-assess biomarker to evaluate the brain effects of inflammatory status in mood disorders, contributing to personalized diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Bravi
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Paolini
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Molecular Medicine, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Palladini
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Calesella
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Cognitive Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Servidio
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Agnoletto
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry & Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Rolls A. Immunoception: the insular cortex perspective. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1270-1276. [PMID: 37386172 PMCID: PMC10616063 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To define the systemic neuroimmune interactions in health and disease, we recently suggested immunoception as a term that refers to the existence of bidirectional functional loops between the brain and the immune system. This concept suggests that the brain constantly monitors changes in immune activity and, in turn, can regulate the immune system to generate a physiologically synchronized response. Therefore, the brain has to represent information regarding the state of the immune system, which can occure in multiple ways. One such representation is an immunengram, a trace that is partially stored by neurons and partially by the local tissue. This review will discuss our current understanding of immunoception and immunengrams, focusing on their manifestation in a specific brain region, the insular cortex (IC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Rolls
- Department of Immunology, Department of Neuroscience, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Badarny S, Abu Ayash A, Keigler G, Ryder CH, Gidron Y. Vagal Nerve Activity and Short-Term Clinical Outcomes after Stroke: What Is Left May Not Be Right. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072446. [PMID: 37048532 PMCID: PMC10095170 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. Multiple factors influence the severity of stroke. Normal functional and biological differences seen between the hemispheres may also be related to stroke severity. In the present study, we examined the differences in the severity of stroke as a function of stroke side, and whether patients' vagal nerve activity moderated such differences. We included 87 patients with an ischemic stroke, whose medical records were retrospectively examined for background information (age, gender), stroke side and severity by NIHSS, length of stay in hospital, inflammation such as C-reactive protein, and vagal nerve activity. The vagal activity was indexed by patients' heart-rate variability (HRV), fluctuations in the intervals between normal heartbeats, derived from patients' ECG. Results revealed that patients with left-side stroke had significantly worse NIHSS scores (10.6) than those with right-sided stroke (7.6, p < 0.05). However, when dividing the sample into those with low versus high HRV (at the median), only when HRV was low, did patients with left-side stroke have a worse NIHSS score (10.9) compared to those with right-sided stroke (6.5, p < 0.05). In contrast, no differences in stroke severity were seen between left stroke (10.2) and right stoke (8.7, p > 0.05), when HRV was high. These results tended to remain the same when statistically controlling for age effects, which was related to NIHSS, but not to the stroke side. These findings suggest that patients with left-sided stroke may have more severe strokes than those with right-sided ones, but that adequate vagal nerve activity may protect against such differences. Possible mechanisms and suggestions for future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samih Badarny
- Department of Neurology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Amal Abu Ayash
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Galina Keigler
- Department of Neurology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya 2210001, Israel
| | - Chen Hanna Ryder
- Brain & Behavior Research Institute, Western Galilee Academic College, Acre 2412101, Israel
| | - Yori Gidron
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, Haifa University, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Lange M, Clarisse B, Leconte A, Dembélé KP, Lequesne J, Nicola C, Dubois M, Derues L, Gidron Y, Castel H, Joly F. Cognitive assessment in patients treated by immunotherapy: the prospective Cog-Immuno trial. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1308. [PMID: 36513991 PMCID: PMC9749352 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of the importance of the immune system and its role in oncogenesis led to the development of immunotherapy, a treatment that represents a major advance in oncology management. Due to the recent nature of immunotherapy, little is known about its side effects and their impact on quality of life. To date, there is no published study that accurately assesses the impact of immunotherapy on cognition, mood and/or fatigue in patients treated for cancer, despite potential neurological toxicities. The purpose of this study is to prospectively assess the incidence of cognitive impairment and cognitive complaints among cancer patients naïve for immunotherapy without concomitant anti-cancer treatment. METHODS The Cog-Immuno trial is a multicentre longitudinal study addressing patients with cancer candidate to receive immunotherapy alone (n = 100). Immunotherapy treatment will include either anti-PD1/PDL1 or anti-CTLA4 monotherapy or combination therapy. Cognitive and quality of life assessment, electrocardiogram (ECG) and biological tests will be performed at baseline, thereafter 3, and 6 months after immunotherapy initiation. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients treated by immunotherapy who will experience a decline in cognitive performances or in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score within 3 months after inclusion. Secondary endpoints concern: anxiety, depression, fatigue, clinical characteristics, biological data and neurophysiological measures (heart rate variability and hemispheric lateralization). A pre-clinical study will be conducted in cancer bearing mice receiving checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) with the evaluation of cognitive functions and emotional reactivity, collection of blood samples and investigation of neurobiological mechanisms from brain slices. DISCUSSION Assessing and understanding the incidence and the severity of cognitive impairment and its impact on quality of life in cancer patients treated by immunotherapy is a major issue. The results of this study will provide information on the impact of these treatments on cognitive functions in order to help the physicians in the choice of the treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03599830, registered July 26, 2018. PROTOCOL VERSION Version 5.1 dated from 2020/10/02.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Lange
- grid.418189.d0000 0001 2175 1768Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, ANTICIPE, 14000 Caen, France ,Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Bénédicte Clarisse
- grid.418189.d0000 0001 2175 1768Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Alexandra Leconte
- grid.418189.d0000 0001 2175 1768Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Kléouforo-Paul Dembélé
- Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1245, Cancer and Brain Genomics, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.503198.6Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Justine Lequesne
- grid.418189.d0000 0001 2175 1768Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, ANTICIPE, 14000 Caen, France ,Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Celeste Nicola
- Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1245, Cancer and Brain Genomics, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.503198.6Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Martine Dubois
- Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1245, Cancer and Brain Genomics, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.503198.6Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Laurence Derues
- Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1245, Cancer and Brain Genomics, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.503198.6Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yori Gidron
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562Dept. of Nursing, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hélène Castel
- Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1245, Cancer and Brain Genomics, 76000 Rouen, France ,grid.503198.6Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Florence Joly
- grid.418189.d0000 0001 2175 1768Clinical Research Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, ANTICIPE, 14000 Caen, France ,Cancer & Cognition Platform, Ligue Contre le Cancer, 14000 Caen, France ,grid.418189.d0000 0001 2175 1768Medical oncology department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
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Vogel M, Binneböse M, Wallis H, Lohmann CH, Junne F, Berth A, Riediger C. The Unhappy Shoulder: A Conceptual Review of the Psychosomatics of Shoulder Pain. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185490. [PMID: 36143137 PMCID: PMC9504378 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pain is a multifaceted disorder genuinely entangled with psychic and psychosomatic symptoms, which are typically involved in the processes of chronification. The impingement syndrome of the shoulder is no exception to this rule, but several studies have shown respective peculiarities among those with pain and impingement of the shoulder. Notably, chronic pain is a lateralized experience, and, similarly, its psychosomatic correlates may be attached to the hemispheres functionally. AIM The present review therefore gives an overview of the respective findings, with regard not only to psychopathology, but also to personality factors and psychologic trauma, since the latter are reportedly associated with chronic pain. Moreover, we acknowledge symmetry as a possible pathogenic factor. METHODS This narrative review followed the current standards for conducting narrative studies. Based on prior findings, our research strategy included the relevance of psychotraumatologic and symmetrical aspects, as well as comorbidity. We retrieved the relevant literature reporting on the impact of psychopathology as well as personality features on shoulder pain, as published up to January 2022 from the Medline database (1966-2022). Study selecton: We included numerous studies, and considered the contextual relevance of studies referring to the neuropsychosomatics of chronic pain. RESULTS Pain-specific fears, depression, and anxiety are important predictors of shoulder pain, and the latter is generally overrepresented in those with trauma and PTSD. Moreover, associations of shoulder pain with psychological variables are stronger as regards surgical therapies as compared to conservative ones. This may point to a specific and possibly trauma-related vulnerability for perioperative maladaptation. Additionally, functional hemispheric lateralization may explain some of those results given that limb pain is a naturally lateralized experience. Not least, psychosocial risk factors are shared between shoulder pain and its physical comorbidities (e.g., hypertension), and the incapacitated state of the shoulder is a massive threat to the function of the human body as a whole. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests the involvement of psychosomatic and psychotraumatologic factors in shoulder impingement-related chronic pain, but the inconclusiveness and heterogeneity of the literature in the field is possibly suggestive of other determinants such as laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vogel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49391-6714200; Fax: +49391-6714202
| | - Marius Binneböse
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Wallis
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph H. Lohmann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Florian Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Berth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Riediger
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von Guericke-University of Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Bairi KE, Trapani D, Page CL, Saad A, Jarroudi OA, Afqir S. Exploring the prognostic impact of tumor sidedness in ovarian cancer: A population-based survival analysis of over 10,000 patients. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2022; 33:100625. [PMID: 36057142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Very recently, emerging evidence demonstrated that laterality might be an independent prognostic factor in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Based on preliminary provocative observations, our study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of sidedness in a large cohort of women with OC. Survival was estimated based on Kaplan-Meier method and survival curves were compared using Log-rank test. Cox proportional-hazards model was used to study the association between survival and covariates. A total of 10,177 women with OC were included. Mean age at diagnosis was 59.58 years (±13.5); 36.7% OC right-sided, 36.9% were left- sided, and 26.4% had bilateral OC. The median overall survival (OS) for the entire population was 77 months, with the lowest median OS observed in bilateral OC (median OS: 34 months). The prognostic value of OC sidedness was not confirmed at the univariable analysis (HR = 0.958; 95% CI: 0.888-1.033, p = 0.268). However, women with bilateral OC has a 45% higher risk of death as compared with unilateral diagnosis (HR = 1.453; 95% CI: 1.410-1.497; p< 0.001). The independent prognostic value was further confirmed on multivarible analysis after adjusting for covariates including age, marital status, histological type, CA-125 at diagnosis, grade, stage, chemotherapy and surgery (HR = 1.087; 95% CI: 1.043-1.136, p = 0.02). However, the ultimate prognostic significance appeared less prominent, with bilateral OC conferring a relative increase of 8.7% of mortality. Our real-world study demonstrated that impact of tumor sidedness has no prognostic implication (right vs left OC) but bilateral OCs might be marginally more prognostically unfavorable. Prospective validation might be warranted, to confirm the prognostic significance of OC sidedness, including for the presence of key genetic alterations and lymph nodes asymmetry, to better stratify patients with OC and predict outcomes according to tumor sidedness at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed Ist University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Dario Trapani
- Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Cécile Le Page
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center (RI-MUHC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anas Saad
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ouissam Al Jarroudi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed Ist University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed Ist University, Oujda, Morocco
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Tarantino V, Tasca I, Giannetto N, Mangano GR, Turriziani P, Oliveri M. Impact of Perceived Stress and Immune Status on Decision-Making Abilities during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:167. [PMID: 34940102 PMCID: PMC8698277 DOI: 10.3390/bs11120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to make risky decisions in stressful contexts has been largely investigated in experimental settings. We examined this ability during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic, when in Italy people were exposed to a prolonged stress condition, mainly caused by a rigid lockdown. Participants among the general population completed two cognitive tasks, an Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which measures individual risk/reward decision-making tendencies, and a Go/No-Go task (GNG), to test impulsivity, together with two questionnaires, the Perceived Stress Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales. The Immune Status Questionnaire was additionally administered to explore the impact of the individual health status on decision making. The effect of the questionnaires scores on task performance was examined. The results showed that higher levels of perceived stress and a more self-reported vulnerable immune status were associated, separately, with less risky/more advantageous choices in the IGT in young male participants but with more risky/less advantageous choices in older male participants. These effects were not found in female participants. Impulsivity errors in the GNG were associated with more anxiety symptoms. These findings bring attention to the necessity of taking into account decision-making processes during stressful conditions, especially in the older and more physically vulnerable male population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Tarantino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (I.T.); (N.G.); (G.R.M.); (P.T.); (M.O.)
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Dlamini N, Pohl K, Eley B, Van Toorn R, Kilborn T, Padayachee S, Pontigon AM, Kirkham FJ, Wilmshurst J. Stroke transcranial Doppler in children with human immunodeficiency virus. Dev Med Child Neurol 2020; 62:735-741. [PMID: 31916251 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe stroke syndromes and transcranial Doppler (TCD) findings in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the associations between TCD and clinical and laboratory data. METHOD We enrolled 42 children (24 males, 18 females) with HIV (median age=7y 6mo; 2y 7mo-15y 6mo), with and without stroke who underwent a TCD examination of the anterior and posterior circulations to derive time-averaged maximum mean velocity (TAMMV) measurements for comparison with previous studies. Clinical and laboratory variables were extracted from the medical records. RESULTS Of the 42 children with HIV, five had right-sided hemiparesis, three had chronic lung disease, two occurred post-varicella infection, one after herpetic oral ulceration, and one had a poorly functioning left ventricle. Neuroimaging showed middle cerebral artery (MCA) TAMMV greater than 200cm/s, moyamoya-like arteriopathy, left basal ganglia infarction with ipsilateral stenosis, hygroma consistent with venous thrombosis, and a hyperdense left MCA. Eight neurologically asymptomatic children had atypical TCD. The CD4 cell count was non-significantly lower in 6 out of 30 children with atypical TCD (median=21.5; interquartile range=16.1-26.5) compared with the remainder (median=29; interquartile range=21.3-35.0; p=0.09). INTERPRETATION A variety of stroke syndromes occur in children with HIV. TCD suggests atypical intracranial vessels and/or haemodynamics in some children with HIV infection, consistent with vasculopathy, possibly related directly to immunodeficiency and/or infection. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS A range of stroke syndromes are found in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities in HIV are commonly outside the range for typically developing children. TCD and neuroimaging data in children with HIV suggest intracranial vasculopathy as one mechanism for stroke. CD4 cell count is non-significantly lower in children with HIV and atypical TCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomazulu Dlamini
- Evelina Children's Hospital, London, UK.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Brian Eley
- Red Cross War Memorial Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Tracy Kilborn
- Red Cross War Memorial Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Fenella J Kirkham
- Developmental Neurosciences Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Child Health, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Paediatric Neurosciences, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jo Wilmshurst
- Red Cross War Memorial Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Abstract
In functional laterality research, most ungulate livestock species have until recently been mainly overlooked. However, there are many scientific and practical benefits of studying laterality in ungulate livestock. As social, precocial and domestic species, they may offer insight into the mechanisms involved in the ontogeny and phylogeny of functional laterality and help to better understand the role of laterality in animal welfare. Until now, most studies on ungulate livestock have focused on motor laterality, but interest in other lateralized functions, e.g., cognition and emotions, is growing. Increasingly more studies are also focused on associations with age, sex, personality, health, stress, production and performance. Although the full potential of research on laterality in ungulate livestock is not yet exploited, findings have already shed new light on central issues in cognitive and emotional processing and laid the basis for potentially useful applications in future practice, e.g., stress reduction during human-animal interactions and improved assessments of health, production and welfare. Future research would benefit from further integration of basic laterality methodology (e.g., testing for individual preferences) and applied ethological approaches (e.g., established emotionality tests), which would not only improve our understanding of functional laterality but also benefit the assessment of animal welfare.
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11
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Robins A. The Alpha Hypothesis: Did Lateralized Cattle-Human Interactions Change the Script for Western Culture? Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E638. [PMID: 31480488 PMCID: PMC6769460 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestic cattle possess lateralized cognitive processing of human handlers. This has been recently demonstrated in the preference for large groups of cattle to view a human closely within the predominantly left visual field. By contrast, the same stimulus viewed predominantly within the right visual field promotes a significantly greater frequency of dispersal from a standing position, including flight responses. The respective sets of behaviours correspond with the traditional terms of "near side" for the left side of cattle and horses, and the "off" or "far side" for the right side. These traditional terms of over 300 years usage in the literature communicate functional practicalities for handling livestock and the recognition of lateralized cognitive processing. In this review, the possibility of even earlier recognition and the significance of laterality in cattle-human interaction was argued, from the earliest representations of the letter "A", originally illustrated from nearly 4000 years before the present time as the head of an ox as viewed not from the front or from the right, but from the left (near) side. By extension, this knowledge of lateralization in cattle may represent the earliest written example of applied ethology-the study of the behaviour of animals under human management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Robins
- Centre for Animal Welfare and Ethics, School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia.
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12
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Adcock SJJ, Vieira SK, Alvarez L, Tucker CB. Iron and laterality effects on healing of cautery disbudding wounds in dairy calves. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:10163-10172. [PMID: 31155250 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hot-iron disbudding, the process of cauterizing the horn buds of calves or goat kids at an early age to prevent horn growth, is routinely practiced in dairy production. The wounds take weeks to heal and are painful to touch throughout this time. Possible strategies to hasten the healing of disbudding wounds are not well understood, but the type of iron used may be an important factor to consider. When evaluating strategies to hasten healing, a within-subjects design may be preferable, but laterality effects might act as a potential source of variation and confounding in this type of experiment. Our objectives were to compare healing after disbudding with 2 commercially available irons, and to determine whether wounds healed differently on the left versus the right side of the head. Ten Holstein calves 4 to 10 d of age were disbudded using the Rhinehart X50A electric disbudder (Rhinehart Development Corp., Spencerville, IN) on one horn bud and the Portasol gas disbudder (Portasol USA, Elmira, OR) on the other; side (left vs. right) was balanced between treatments. We scored wounds daily for the presence of 6 tissue types: attached necrotic tissue, detached necrotic tissue, exudate, granulation, crust, and epithelium. Surface temperature and size of the wound were measured twice-weekly using thermal and digital photographs, respectively. The type of iron used did not affect latency to re-epithelialize, which took on average (mean ± standard deviation) 53 ± 3 d and 55 ± 3 d for Portasol and Rhinehart wounds, respectively (range: 40-70 d). However, compared with Portasol wounds, those from the Rhinehart had fewer days of granulation tissue and tended to have more days of detached necrotic tissue. The Portasol tip had a smaller total surface area than the Rhinehart, which may have resulted in a less severe burn, causing the necrotic tissue to fall off sooner. The left side tended to re-epithelialize faster than the right side (mean ± standard error: left 51 ± 3 d; right 57 ± 3 d) and have fewer days of crust. Left-sided wounds were also cooler and tended to be smaller than those on the right. To assess the external validity of these laterality effects in our primary experiment (experiment A), we analyzed wound healing data from 2 other disbudding studies, one on calves (experiment B) and one on goat kids (experiment C). We observed laterality effects in the opposite direction in Experiment B, but negligible effects in experiment C, indicating that the differences in laterality had low external validity; the biological meaning of this asymmetry is unclear. Nonetheless, if using a within-subjects design, asymmetries in wound healing should be considered to avoid confounding effects. In conclusion, wounds from both irons took 7 to 8 wk to heal, on average; other strategies to accelerate healing should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J J Adcock
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Savanah K Vieira
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - Lorenzo Alvarez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Cassandra B Tucker
- Center for Animal Welfare, Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616.
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13
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Banerjee N, Polushina T, Bettella F, Steen VM, Andreassen OA, Le Hellard S. Analysis of differentially methylated regions in great apes and extinct hominids provides support for the evolutionary hypothesis of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 206:209-216. [PMID: 30545758 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The persistence of schizophrenia in human populations separated by geography and time led to the evolutionary hypothesis that proposes schizophrenia as a by-product of the higher cognitive abilities of modern humans. To explore this hypothesis, we used here an evolutionary epigenetics approach building on differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the genome. METHODS We implemented a polygenic enrichment testing pipeline using the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of schizophrenia and 12 other phenotypes. We investigated the enrichment of association of these traits across genomic regions with variable methylation between modern humans and great apes (orangutans, chimpanzees and gorillas; great ape DMRs) and between modern humans and recently extinct hominids (Neanderthals and Denisovans; hominid DMRs). RESULTS Regions that are hypo-methylated in humans compared to great apes show enrichment of association with schizophrenia only if the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region is included. With the MHC region removed from the analysis, only a modest enrichment for SNPs of low effect persists. The INRICH pipeline confirms this finding after rigorous permutation and bootstrapping procedures. CONCLUSION The analyses of regions with differential methylation changes in humans and great apes do not provide compelling evidence of enrichment of association with schizophrenia, in contrast to our previous findings on more recent methylation differences between modern humans, Neanderthals and Denisovans. Our results further support the evolutionary hypothesis of schizophrenia and indicate that the origin of some of the genetic susceptibility factors of schizophrenia may lie in recent human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Banerjee
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Tatiana Polushina
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Francesco Bettella
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT - K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Birkin E, Moore KS, Huang C, Christopher M, Rees JI, Jayaprakasam V, Fielding PA. Determinants of physiological uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in palatine tonsils. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11040. [PMID: 29901601 PMCID: PMC6025693 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the extent of physiological variation of uptake of F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) within palatine tonsils. To define normal limits for side-to-side variation and characterize factors affecting tonsillar uptake of FDG.Over a period of 16 weeks 299 adult patients at low risk for head and neck pathology, attending our center for FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were identified. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was recorded for each palatine tonsil. For each patient age, gender, smoking status, scan indication and prior tonsillectomy status as well as weather conditions were noted.There was a wide variation in palatine tonsil FDG uptake with SUVmax values between 1.3 and 11.4 recorded. There was a strong left to right correlation for tonsillar FDG uptake within each patient (P < .01). The right palatine tonsil showed increased FDG uptake (4.63) compared to the left (4.47) (P < .01). In multivariate analysis, gender, scan indication, and prevailing weather had no significant impact of tonsillar FDG uptake. Lower tonsillar uptake was seen in patients with a prior history of tonsillectomy (4.13) than those without this history (4.64) (P < .01). Decreasing tonsillar FDG uptake was seen with advancing age (P < .01). Significantly lower uptake was seen in current smokers (SUVmax 4.2) than nonsmokers (SUV 4.9) (P = .03).Uptake of FDG in palatine tonsils is variable but shows a strong side-to-side correlation. We suggest the left/ right SUVmax ratio as a guide to normality with a first to 99th percentiles of (0.70-1.36) for use in patients not suspected to have tonsillar pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Birkin
- PETIC, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park
| | | | - Chao Huang
- South East Wales Cancer trials unit, Neuadd Meirionnydd, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK
| | | | - John I. Rees
- PETIC, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park
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15
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Yang C, Gao J, Du J, Yang X, Jiang J. Altered Neuroendocrine Immune Responses, a Two-Sword Weapon against Traumatic Inflammation. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1409-1419. [PMID: 29209145 PMCID: PMC5715524 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the occurrence and development of injury (trauma, hemorrhagic shock, ischemia and hypoxia), the neuroendocrine and immune system act as a prominent navigation leader and possess an inter-system crosstalk between the reciprocal information dissemination. The fundamental reason that neuroendocrinology and immunology could mix each other and permeate toward the field of traumatology is owing to their same biological languages or chemical information molecules (hormones, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, cytokines and their corresponding receptors) shared by the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The immune system is not only modulated by the neuroendocrine system, but also can modulate the biological functions of the neuroendocrine system. The interactive linkage of these three systems precipitates the complicated space-time patterns for the courses of traumatic inflammation. Recently, compelling evidence indicates that the network linkage pattern that initiating agents of neuroendocrine responses, regulatory elements of immune cells and effecter targets for immune regulatory molecules arouse the resistance mechanism disorders, which supplies the beneficial enlightenment for the diagnosis and therapy of traumatic complications from the view of translational medicine. Here we review the alternative protective and detrimental roles as well as possible mechanisms of the neuroendocrine immune responses in traumatic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuetao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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16
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Beck RW, Laugharne J, Laugharne R, Woldman W, McLean B, Mastropasqua C, Jorge R, Shankar R. Abnormal cortical asymmetry as a target for neuromodulation in neuropsychiatric disorders: A narrative review and concept proposal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:21-31. [PMID: 28958599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in knowledge relating to the organization of neural circuitry in the human brain have increased understanding of disorders involving brain circuit asymmetry. These asymmetries, which can be measured and identified utilizing EEG and LORETA analysis techniques, may be a factor in mental disorders. New treatments involving non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), including trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, direct current stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation, have emerged in recent years. We propose that EEG identification of circuit asymmetry geometries can direct non-invasive brain stimulation more specifically for treatments of mental disorders. We describe as a narrative review new NIBS therapies that have been developed and delivered, and suggest that they are proving effective in certain patient groups. A brief narrative of influence of classical and operant conditioning of neurofeedback on EEG coherence, phase, abnormalities and Loreta's significance is provided. We also discuss the role of Heart rate variability and biofeedback in influencing EEG co-relates. Clinical evidence is at an early stage, but the basic science evidence and early case studies suggest that this may be a promising new modality for treating mental disorders and merits further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy W Beck
- Institute of Functional Neuroscience, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonathan Laugharne
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Richard Laugharne
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust and Hon, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Wessel Woldman
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; Wellcome Trust Centre for Biomedical Modelling and Analysis, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom; EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan McLean
- The Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Treliske, Truro, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Mastropasqua
- Institute of Functional Neuroscience, Sydney, Australia; Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ricardo Jorge
- Institute of Functional Neuroscience, Perth, Australia
| | - Rohit Shankar
- Cornwall Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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Bekel L, Dhaille F, Chaby G, Sevestre H, Royer B, Defossez-Tribout C, Lombart F, Dadban A, Lok C. An unusual cutaneous of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as a massive left-sided body ecchymosis. JAAD Case Rep 2015; 1:49-50. [PMID: 27051680 PMCID: PMC4802566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Bekel
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Nord, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Florie Dhaille
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Nord, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Guillaume Chaby
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Nord, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Henri Sevestre
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Sud, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Bruno Royer
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Hôpital Sud, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | | | - Florian Lombart
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Nord, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Ali Dadban
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Nord, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Catherine Lok
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Nord, University of Amiens, Amiens, France
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Sumner RC, Nowicky AV, Parton A, Wylock C, Cserjesi R, Fischler B, Lacor P, Gidron Y. Prospective relationship between hemispheric lateralisation and CD4+ T cells in human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Neuroimmunomodulation 2014; 21:31-6. [PMID: 24193316 DOI: 10.1159/000355350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuromodulation of the immune system has been proposed to be influenced by hemispheric lateralisation (HL). The present study tested whether HL predicted CD4+ levels, statistically controlling for confounders. METHODS Employing two assessments of HL, 68 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1+ patients were followed prospectively. Numerous exclusion criteria and confounder assessments were employed (e.g. age/medication). RESULTS Left HL significantly positively predicted CD4+ levels at follow-up, and this was qualified by medication (HAART) status: only in HAART-naïve patients did HL predict CD4 levels. Furthermore, HL significantly predicted whether patients had clinically significantly high/low CD4+ counts. CONCLUSIONS Using a more rigorous methodology than a previous study, the present work partly corroborated the theory of HL influences on immunity, extended it to HIV immunity and identified a possible moderator: HAART medication. Implications for future research and treatments are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Sumner
- Centre for Rehabilitation Research,Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
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19
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Vagal nerve activity as a moderator of brain–immune relationships. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 260:28-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Frisina PG, Kutlik AM, Barrett AM. Left-sided brain injury associated with more hospital-acquired infections during inpatient rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 94:516-21. [PMID: 23123439 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that a left-dominant brain immune network (LD-BIN) might affect the occurrence of infection during inpatient rehabilitation of stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN A retrospective analysis was performed on electronic medical records between January 2009 and December 2010. All patients with left- or right-sided stroke or TBI were included into the study. The LD-BIN hypothesis was tested by comparing HAI rates depending on whether patients had left- or right-sided brain lesions. SETTING A large inpatient rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS Among the patients (N=2236) with stroke or TBI who had either a left- or right-sided brain lesion, 163 patients were identified with HAIs. INTERVENTION Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Frequency of HAIs. RESULTS In the 163 patients identified with HAIs with a diagnosis of stroke or TBI, chi-square analysis revealed a significantly higher proportion of HAIs among patients with left-sided (n=98; 60.1%) relative to right-sided (n=65; 39.9%) brain injuries (χ(2)=6.68, P<.01). These effects could not be attributed to either clinical or demographic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that an LD-BIN may mediate vulnerability to infection during rehabilitation of patients with stroke or TBI. Further translational research investigating novel means of managing patients based on brain lesion location, and modulating the LD-BIN via behavioral and physiologic interventions, may result in neuroscience-based methods to improve infection resistance in brain-injured patients.
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