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Pinheiro FI, Araújo-Filho I, do Rego ACM, de Azevedo EP, Cobucci RN, Guzen FP. Hepatopancreatic metabolic disorders and their implications in the development of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102250. [PMID: 38417711 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Dementia has been faced with significant public health challenges and economic burdens that urges the need to develop safe and effective interventions. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the relationship between dementia and liver and pancreatic metabolic disorders that result in diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Previous reports have shown that there is a plausible correlation between pathologies caused by hepatopancreatic dysfunctions and dementia. Glucose, insulin and IGF-1 metabolized in the liver and pancreas probably have an important influence on the pathophysiology of the most common dementias: Alzheimer's and vascular dementia. This current review highlights recent studies aimed at identifying convergent mechanisms, such as insulin resistance and other diseases, linked to altered hepatic and pancreatic metabolism, which are capable of causing brain changes that ultimately lead to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco I Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil; Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the Liga Norte Rio-Grandense Against Cancer
| | - Irami Araújo-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Surgical, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59010-180, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Amália C M do Rego
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Institute of Education, Research and Innovation of the Liga Norte Rio-Grandense Against Cancer
| | - Eduardo P de Azevedo
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ricardo N Cobucci
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Science Applied to Women`s Health, Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Fausto P Guzen
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Health School, Potiguar University (UnP), Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health and Society, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN), Mossoró, Brazil.
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2
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Singh V, Mujwar S, Singh M, Singh T, Ahmad SF. Computational Studies to Understand the Neuroprotective Mechanism of Action Basil Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:7005. [PMID: 37894484 PMCID: PMC10609097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, pose a significant global health challenge, emphasizing the need for novel neuroprotective agents. Basil (Ocimum spp.) has been recognized for its therapeutic potential, and numerous studies have reported neuroprotective effects. In this manuscript, we present a computational protocol to extricate the underlying mechanism of action of basil compounds in neuroprotective effects. Molecular docking-based investigation of the chemical interactions between selected bioactive compounds from basil and key neuroprotective targets, including AChE, GSK3β, γ-secretase, and sirtuin2. Our results demonstrate that basil compound myricerone caffeoyl ester possesses a high affinity of -10.01 and -8.85 kcal/mol against GSK3β and γ-secretase, respectively, indicating their potential in modulating various neurobiological processes. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the protein-ligand complexes' stability and to analyze the bound basil compounds' dynamic behavior. This comprehensive computational investigation enlightens the putative mechanistic basis for the neuroprotective effects of basil compounds, providing a rationale for their therapeutic use in neurodegenerative disorders after further experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Tanveer Singh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77807, USA;
| | - Sheikh F. Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang H, Han M, Li J, Hu Y, Chen Y, Li J. Versatile lipoprotein-inspired nanocomposites rescue Alzheimer's cognitive dysfunction by promoting Aβ degradation and lessening oxidative stress. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:15717-15729. [PMID: 37728399 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) into senile plaques and the resulting continuous oxidative stress are major pathogenic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we designed a lipoprotein-inspired nanoparticle to facilitate Aβ clearance and alleviate oxidative stress for the treatment of AD. Lipoprotein-like nanocomposites (RLA-rHDL@ANG) were fabricated by assembling reconstituted high density lipoprotein (rHDL) with an apoE-derived peptide (RLA) with Aβ binding and clearance capabilities, and were subsequently camouflaged using reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive DSPE-TK-mPEG2000 and DSPE-TK-PEG3400-ANG with brain penetration as well as ROS scavenging ability. Immunoelectron microscopy, fluorescence colocalization, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, together with a thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence quantitative test, showed that RLA-rHDL@ANG possessed the ability of high binding affinity to both Aβ monomers and oligomers, and disintegration of pre-formed Aβ aggregates. ROS level monitoring and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that RLA-rHDL@ANG possessed ROS sensitivity and consumption properties. Transcellular assay and in vivo imaging showed that RLA-rHDL@ANG effectively facilitated blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and intracerebral accumulation. It promoted the efficient degradation of Aβ by microglia and neurons through lysosomal transport and elimination approaches. Four-week administration of RLA-rHDL@ANG effectively reduced Aβ deposition, decreased the ROS level and improved cognitive functions in AD mice. These findings indicate that multifunctional RLA-rHDL@ANG may serve as a promising and feasible candidate for managing the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Mengmeng Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jianfei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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4
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Llido JP, Jayanti S, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Bilirubin and Redox Stress in Age-Related Brain Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37627520 PMCID: PMC10451892 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular redox status has a crucial role in brain physiology, as well as in pathologic conditions. Physiologic senescence, by dysregulating cellular redox homeostasis and decreasing antioxidant defenses, enhances the central nervous system's susceptibility to diseases. The reduction of free radical accumulation through lifestyle changes, and the supplementation of antioxidants as a prophylactic and therapeutic approach to increase brain health, are strongly suggested. Bilirubin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant, with more and more recognized roles as a biomarker of disease resistance, a predictor of all-cause mortality, and a molecule that may promote health in adults. The alteration of the expression and activity of the enzymes involved in bilirubin production, as well as an altered blood bilirubin level, are often reported in neurologic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases (together denoted NCDs) in aging. These changes may predict or contribute both positively and negatively to the diseases. Understanding the role of bilirubin in the onset and progression of NCDs will be functional to consider the benefits vs. the drawbacks and to hypothesize the best strategies for its manipulation for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Llido
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Bicutan, Taguig City 1631, Philippines
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sri Jayanti
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Liver Brain Unit “Rita Moretti”, Italian Liver Foundation, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (J.P.L.); or (S.J.); (S.G.)
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Jorgensen A, Baago IB, Rygner Z, Jorgensen MB, Andersen PK, Kessing LV, Poulsen HE. Association of Oxidative Stress-Induced Nucleic Acid Damage With Psychiatric Disorders in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:920-931. [PMID: 35921094 PMCID: PMC9350850 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Nucleic acid damage from oxidative stress (NA-OXS) may be a molecular mechanism driving the severely increased morbidity and mortality from somatic causes in adults with psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE To systematically retrieve and analyze data on NA-OXS across the psychiatric disorder diagnostic spectrum. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to November 16, 2021. A hand search of reference lists of relevant articles was also performed. STUDY SELECTION Key study inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis were as follows: adult human study population, measurement of any marker of DNA or RNA damage from oxidative stress, and either a (1) cross-sectional design comparing patients with psychiatric disorders (any diagnosis) with a control group or (2) prospective intervention. Two authors screened the studies, and 2 senior authors read the relevant articles in full and assessed them for eligibility. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Two authors performed data extraction independently, and a senior coauthor was consulted in cases of disagreement. Data were synthesized with random-effects and multilevel meta-analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The predefined hypothesis was that individuals with psychiatric disorders have increased NA-OXS levels. The main outcome was the standardized mean differences (SMDs) among patients and controls in nucleic acid oxidation markers compared across diagnostic groups. Analyses were divided into combinations of biological matrices and nucleic acids. RESULTS Eighty-two studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, comprising 205 patient vs control group comparisons and a total of 10 151 patient and 10 532 control observations. Overall, the data showed that patients with psychiatric disorders had higher NA-OXS levels vs controls across matrices and molecules. Pooled effect sizes ranged from moderate for urinary DNA markers (SMD = 0.44 [95% CI, 0.20-0.68]; P < .001) to very large for blood cell DNA markers (SMD = 1.12 [95% CI, 0.69-1.55; P < .001). Higher NA-OXS levels were observed among patients with dementias followed by psychotic and bipolar disorders. Sensitivity analyses excluding low-quality studies did not materially alter the results. Intervention studies were few and too heterogenous for meaningful meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this meta-analysis suggest that there is an association with increased NA-OXS levels in individuals across the psychiatric disorder diagnostic spectrum. NA-OXS may play a role in the somatic morbidity and mortality observed among individuals with psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Bendixen Baago
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zerlina Rygner
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark,Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jorgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Enghusen Poulsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark,Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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Hindle A, Singh SP, Pradeepkiran JA, Bose C, Vijayan M, Kshirsagar S, Sawant NA, Reddy PH. Rlip76: An Unexplored Player in Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116098. [PMID: 35682775 PMCID: PMC9181721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most common cause of dementia in older people. AD is associated with the loss of synapses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities, microRNA deregulation, inflammatory responses, neuronal loss, accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). AD occurs in two forms: early onset, familial AD and late-onset, sporadic AD. Causal factors are still unknown for a vast majority of AD patients. Genetic polymorphisms are proposed to contribute to late-onset AD via age-dependent increases in oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities. Recent research from our lab revealed that reduced levels of Rlip76 induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage, leading to molecular and behavioral phenotypes resembling late-onset AD. Rlip76 is a multifunctional 76 kDa protein encoded by the RALBP1 gene, located on chromosome 18. Rlip is a stress-protective ATPase of the mercapturic acid pathway that couples clathrin-dependent endocytosis with the efflux of glutathione–electrophile conjugates. Rlip is evolutionarily highly conserved across species and is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, including AD-affected brain regions, the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, where highly active neuronal metabolisms render the cells highly susceptible to intracellular oxidative damage. In the current article, we summarize molecular and cellular features of Rlip and how depleted Rlip may exacerbate oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage in AD. We also discuss the possible role of Rlip in aspects of learning and memory via axonal growth, dendritic remodeling, and receptor regulation. We conclude with a discussion of the potential for the contribution of genetic polymorphisms in Rlip to AD progression and the potential for Rlip-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashly Hindle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Sharda P. Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Chhanda Bose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Neha A. Sawant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Correspondence:
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Solanky D, Fields JA, Iudicello JE, Ellis RJ, Franklin D, Clifford DB, Gelman BB, Marra CM, Morgello S, Rubin LH, Grant I, Heaton RK, Letendre SL, Mehta SR. Higher buccal mitochondrial DNA and mitochondrial common deletion number are associated with markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation in cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:281-290. [PMID: 35157246 PMCID: PMC9352370 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is potentially associated with premature aging, but demonstrating this is difficult due to a lack of reliable biomarkers. The mitochondrial (mt) DNA "common deletion" mutation (mtCDM) is a 4977-bp deletion associated with aging and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined how mtDNA and mtCDM correlate with markers of neurodegeneration and inflammation in people with and without HIV (PWH and PWOH). Data from 149 adults were combined from two projects involving PWH (n = 124) and PWOH (n = 25). We measured buccal mtDNA and mtCDM by digital droplet PCR and compared them to disease and demographic characteristics and soluble biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood measured by immunoassay. Participants had a median age of 52 years, with 53% white and 81% men. Median mtDNA level was 1,332 copies/cell (IQR 1,201-1,493) and median mtCDM level was 0.36 copies × 102/cell (IQR 0.31-0.42); both were higher in PWH. In the best model adjusting for HIV status and demographics, higher mtDNA levels were associated with higher CSF amyloid-β 1-42 and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and higher mtCDM levels were associated with higher plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II. The differences in mtDNA markers between PWH and PWOH support potential premature aging in PWH. Our findings suggest mtDNA changes in oral tissues may reflect CNS processes, allowing the use of inexpensive and easily accessible buccal biospecimens as a screening tool for CSF inflammation and neurodegeneration. Confirmatory and mechanistic studies on mt genome alterations by HIV and ART may identify interventions to prevent or treat neurodegenerative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipesh Solanky
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Jerel A Fields
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer E Iudicello
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Donald Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David B Clifford
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin B Gelman
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Christina M Marra
- Deparment of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Susan Morgello
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt, Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Leah H Rubin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Igor Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sanjay R Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92161, USA.
- Infectious Diseases Division, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, 92161, USA.
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8
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Yao Y, Li W, Han Q, Lv G, Li C, Sun A. A Pyridyl Zn (II) Chelate for the Fluorescent Detection of Aβ Fibrils. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Molecular Imaging Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Shanghai 201318, Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qiuqin Han
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Molecular Imaging Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Shanghai 201318, Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Lv
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Molecular Imaging Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Shanghai 201318, Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Anyang Sun
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Molecular Imaging Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Shanghai 201318, Shanghai P. R. China
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9
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Kunutsor SK, Isiozor NM, Voutilainen A, Laukkanen JA. Handgrip strength and risk of cognitive outcomes: new prospective study and meta-analysis of 16 observational cohort studies. GeroScience 2022; 44:2007-2024. [PMID: 35013908 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Handgrip strength (HGS), a measure of muscular strength, might be a risk indicator for cognitive functioning, but the evidence is not consistent. Using a new prospective study and meta-analysis of published observational cohort studies, we aimed to evaluate the prospective associations of HGS with poor cognitive outcomes including cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Handgrip strength, measured using a Martin-Balloon-Vigorimeter, was assessed at baseline in a population-based sample of 852 men and women with good cognitive function in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease cohort. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for cognitive outcomes. Relevant published studies were sought in MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science from inception until October 2021 and pooled using random effects meta-analysis. During a median follow-up of 16.6 years, 229 dementia cases were recorded. Comparing extreme tertiles of HGS, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) for dementia, AD and vascular dementia was 0.77 (0.55-1.07), 0.75 (0.52-1.10) and 0.49 (0.16-1.48), respectively. In a meta-analysis of 16 population-based prospective cohort studies (including the current study) comprising 180,920 participants, the pooled multivariable adjusted relative risks (95% CIs) comparing the top vs bottom thirds of HGS levels were as follows: 0.58 (0.52-0.65) for cognitive impairment; 0.37 (0.07-1.85) for cognitive decline; 0.73 (0.62-0.86) for dementia; 0.68 (0.53-0.87) for AD; and 0.48 (0.32-0.73) for vascular dementia. GRADE quality of evidence ranged from low to very low. Meta-analysis of aggregate prospective data suggests that HGS may be a risk indicator for poor cognitive outcomes such as cognitive impairment, dementia and AD. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO 2021: CRD42021237750.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. .,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK. .,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester, LE5 4WP, UK. .,Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Nzechukwu M Isiozor
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ari Voutilainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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10
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Poh L, Sim WL, Jo DG, Dinh QN, Drummond GR, Sobey CG, Chen CLH, Lai MKP, Fann DY, Arumugam TV. The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:4. [PMID: 35000611 PMCID: PMC8744307 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luting Poh
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Sim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Nhu Dinh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher G. Sobey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
| | - Christopher Li-Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Y. Fann
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thiruma V. Arumugam
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC Australia
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11
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Chao WW, Chan WC, Ma HT, Chou ST. Phenolic acids and flavonoids-rich Glechoma hederacea L. (Lamiaceae) water extract against H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14032. [PMID: 34914114 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress is reportedly associated with progressive neuronal cell damage. Glechoma hederacea L. (Lamiaceae), belonging to the Labiatae family, has demonstrated several biologic activities including depigmentation, antimelanogenic, antitumor, antioxidative, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. Previously, we reported that rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, genistin, and ferulic acids were the most abundant phytochemicals detected in hot water extracts of G. hederacea L. (HWG). This study aimed to study the neuroprotective effects of phenolic acids and flavonoid-rich HWG against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells and its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The experiment analyzed cytotoxicity, ROS production, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP) level, and caspase-3 activity and used comet assay and antioxidant enzyme activity to determine the redox status of PC12 cells. Results showed that the inhibitory effect of HWG on AChE was in a competitive pattern (IC50 , 23.23 mg/ml). HWG antagonized H2 O2 -mediated cytotoxicity and DNA damage, reduced ROS production, stabilized MMP, and inhibited caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. Furthermore, HWG inhibited the release of cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factors (AIF) and decreased the malondialdehyde levels in PC12 cells. Collectively, HWG rich in antioxidant phenolic acids and flavonoids may have neuroprotective effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Polyphenolic compounds are one of the most important natural products, known to possess a range of health-promoting effects. In this study, it was found that HWG, which is rich in antioxidant phenolic acids and flavonoids, can protect PC12 cells from oxidative stress induced by H2 O2 and may have neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wan Chao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ching Chan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan.,National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Ting Ma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Wu LY, Cheah IK, Chong JR, Chai YL, Tan JY, Hilal S, Vrooman H, Chen CP, Halliwell B, Lai MKP. Low plasma ergothioneine levels are associated with neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease in dementia. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:201-211. [PMID: 34673145 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ET) is a dietary amino-thione with strong antioxidant and cytoprotective properties and has possible therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative and vascular diseases. Decreased blood concentrations of ET have been found in patients with mild cognitive impairment, but its status in neurodegenerative and vascular dementias is currently unclear. To address this, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 496 participants, consisting of 88 with no cognitive impairment (NCI), 201 with cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) as well as 207 with dementia, of whom 160 have Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and 47 have vascular dementia. All subjects underwent blood-draw, neuropsychological assessments, as well as neuroimaging assessments of cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) and brain atrophy. Plasma ET as well as its metabolite l-hercynine were measured using high sensitivity liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Plasma ET concentrations were lowest in dementia (p < 0.001 vs. NCI and CIND), with intermediate levels in CIND (p < 0.001 vs. NCI). A significant increase in l-hercynine to ET ratio was also observed in dementia (p < 0.01 vs. NCI). In multivariate models adjusted for demographic and vascular risk factors, lower levels of ET were significantly associated with dementia both with or without CeVD, while ET associations with CIND were significant only in the presence of CeVD. Furthermore, lower ET levels were also associated with white matter hyperintensities and brain atrophy markers (reduced global cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes). The incremental decreases in ET levels along the CIND-dementia clinical continuum suggest that low levels of ET are associated with disease severity and could be a potential biomarker for cognitive impairment. Deficiency of ET may contribute towards neurodegeneration- and CeVD-associated cognitive impairments, possibly via the exacerbation of oxidative stress in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yun Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Irwin K Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joyce Ruifen Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Jia Yun Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saima Hilal
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Departments of Epidemiology and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Vrooman
- Departments of Epidemiology and Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore; Life Science Institute, Neurobiology Programme, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Singapore; Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University Health System, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
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13
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Imosemi IO, Owumi SE, Arunsi UO. Biochemical and histological alterations of doxorubicin-induced neurotoxicity in rats: Protective role of luteolin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22962. [PMID: 34766659 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of various cancer types. DOX toxic side effects include neuronopathy and memory deficits. We investigated the effect of the antioxidant luteolin (LUT: 50 or 100 mg/kg; per os) on DOX (2 mg/kg; intraperitoneal)-induced oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain of Wistar rats for 14 days. We observed that LUT reduced DOX-mediated increase in OS biomarkers-catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. LUT increased glutathione and total sulphydryl levels and alleviated DOX-induced increases in the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Additionally, LUT suppressed caspase-3 activity, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine-IL-10 level, and reduced pathological lesions in the examined organs of rats cotreated with LUT and DOX. Collectively, cotreatment with LUT lessened DOX-induced neurotoxicity. Supplementation of LUT as a chemopreventive agent might be useful in patients undergoing DOX chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent O Imosemi
- Neuroanatomy Research Laboratories, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon E Owumi
- CRMB Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- Cancer Immunology and Biotechnology Center, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Chen C, Li X, Lv Y, Yin Z, Zhao F, Liu Y, Li C, Ji S, Zhou J, Wei Y, Cao X, Wang J, Gu H, Lu F, Liu Z, Shi X. High Blood Uric Acid Is Associated With Reduced Risks of Mild Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in China: A 9-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:747686. [PMID: 34720995 PMCID: PMC8552040 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.747686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It remains unsolved that whether blood uric acid (UA) is a neuroprotective or neurotoxic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal association of blood UA with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among older adults in China. Methods: A total of 3,103 older adults (aged 65+ years) free of MCI at baseline were included from the Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study (HABCS). Blood UA level was determined by the uricase colorimetry assay and analyzed as both continuous and categorical (by quartile) variables. Global cognition was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination four times between 2008 and 2017, with a score below 24 being considered as MCI. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations. Results: During a 9-year follow-up, 486 (15.7%) participants developed MCI. After adjustment for all covariates, higher UA had a dose-response association with a lower risk of MCI (all Pfor trend < 0.05). Participants in the highest UA quartile group had a reduced risk [hazard ratio (HR), 0.73; 95% (CI): 0.55–0.96] of MCI, compared with those in the lowest quartile group. The associations were still robust even when considering death as a competing risk. Subgroup analyses revealed that these associations were statistically significant in younger older adults (65–79 years) and those without hyperuricemia. Similar significant associations were observed when treating UA as a continuous variable. Conclusions: High blood UA level is associated with reduced risks of MCI among Chinese older adults, highlighting the potential of managing UA in daily life for maintaining late-life cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuebin Lv
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoxue Yin
- Division of Non-communicable Disease and Healthy Ageing Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Ji
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Zhou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaonan Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Heng Gu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Municipal Health Commission Information Center, Beijing Municipal Health Commission Policy Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Shi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Developmental ethanol exposure causes central nervous system dysfunction and may slow the aging process in a Drosophila model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Alcohol 2021; 94:65-73. [PMID: 33961967 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a known teratogen, and developmental exposure to ethanol results in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Children born with FASD can exhibit a range of symptoms including low birth weight, microcephaly, and neurobehavioral problems. Treatment of patients with FASD is estimated to cost 4 billion dollars per year in the United States alone, and 2 million dollars per affected individual's lifetime. We have established Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for the study of FASD. Here we report that mutations in Dementin (Dmtn), the Drosophila ortholog of the Alzheimer's disease-associated protein TMCC2, convey sensitivity to developmental ethanol exposure, and provide evidence that Dmtn expression is disrupted by ethanol. In addition, we find that flies reared on ethanol exhibit mild climbing defects suggestive of neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, our data also suggest that flies reared on ethanol age more slowly than control animals, and we find that a number of slow-aging mutants are sensitive to developmental ethanol exposure. Finally, we find that flies reared on ethanol showed a persistent upregulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, which may contribute to a reduced rate of central nervous system aging. Thus, in addition to the well-documented negative effects of developmental alcohol exposure on the nervous system, there may be a previously unsuspected neuroprotective effect in adult animals.
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16
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Zhu HY, Hong FF, Yang SL. The Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthase/Nitric Oxide Pathway in the Pathology of Vascular Dementia and Related Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094540. [PMID: 33926146 PMCID: PMC8123648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia worldwide. It is caused by cerebrovascular disease, and patients often show severe impairments of advanced cognitive abilities. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide (NO) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. The functions of NO are determined by its concentration and bioavailability, which are regulated by NOS activity. The activities of different NOS subtypes in the brain are partitioned. Pathologically, endothelial NOS is inactivated, which causes insufficient NO production and aggravates oxidative stress before inducing cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction, while neuronal NOS is overactive and can produce excessive NO to cause neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, inflammation stimulates the massive expression of inducible NOS, which also produces excessive NO and then induces neuroinflammation. The vicious circle of these kinds of damage having impacts on each other finally leads to VaD. This review summarizes the roles of the NOS/NO pathway in the pathology of VaD and also proposes some potential therapeutic methods that target this pathway in the hope of inspiring novel ideas for VaD therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Queen Marry College, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fen-Fang Hong
- Teaching Center, Department of Experimental, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Shu-Long Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Correspondence: (F.-F.H.); (S.-L.Y.)
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17
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Siomek-Gorecka A, Dlugosz A, Czarnecki D. The Molecular Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Genetics, Epigenetics, and Nutrition in AUD: An Amazing Triangle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084262. [PMID: 33924016 PMCID: PMC8072802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a very common and complex disease, as alcohol is the most widely used addictive drug in the world. This disorder has an enormous impact on public health and social and private life, and it generates a huge number of social costs. Alcohol use stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses and is the cause of many physical and social problems (especially liver disease and cancer), accidental injury, and risky sexual behavior. For years, researchers have been trying to identify the genetic basis of alcohol use disorder, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its development, and an effective form of therapy. Genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD, and the expression of genes is a complicated process that depends on epigenetic modulations. Dietary nutrients, such as vitamins, may serve as one these modulators, as they have a direct impact on epigenomes. In this review, we connect gathered knowledge from three emerging fields-genetics, epigenetics, and nutrition-to form an amazing triangle relating to alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siomek-Gorecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-095 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-37-48
| | - Anna Dlugosz
- Department of Engineering and Chemical and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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18
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Karki HP, Jang Y, Jung J, Oh J. Advances in the development paradigm of biosample-based biosensors for early ultrasensitive detection of alzheimer's disease. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33750392 PMCID: PMC7945670 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00814-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights current developments, challenges, and future directions for the use of invasive and noninvasive biosample-based small biosensors for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with biomarkers to incite a conceptual idea from a broad number of readers in this field. We provide the most promising concept about biosensors on the basis of detection scale (from femto to micro) using invasive and noninvasive biosamples such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, sweat, and tear. It also summarizes sensor types and detailed analyzing techniques for ultrasensitive detection of multiple target biomarkers (i.e., amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, tau protein, Acetylcholine (Ach), microRNA137, etc.) of AD in terms of detection ranges and limit of detections (LODs). As the most significant disadvantage of CSF and blood-based detection of AD is associated with the invasiveness of sample collection which limits future strategy with home-based early screening of AD, we extensively reviewed the future trend of new noninvasive detection techniques (such as optical screening and bio-imaging process). To overcome the limitation of non-invasive biosamples with low concentrations of AD biomarkers, current efforts to enhance the sensitivity of biosensors and discover new types of biomarkers using non-invasive body fluids are presented. We also introduced future trends facing an infection point in early diagnosis of AD with simultaneous emergence of addressable innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem Prakash Karki
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yeongseok Jang
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Jinmu Jung
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
- Department of Nano-bio Mechanical System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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19
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Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA, Kauhanen J, Willeit P. Physical activity may not be associated with long-term risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13415. [PMID: 32991743 PMCID: PMC7988584 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is well established that physical activity is associated with reduced risk of vascular and nonvascular outcomes as well as mortality, evidence on the association between physical activity and dementia is inconsistent. We aimed to assess the associations of physical activity with the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS We analysed data on 2394 apparently healthy men with good baseline cognitive function from the prospective population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease study. We assessed habits of physical activity at baseline using a 12-month leisure time physical activity (LTPA) questionnaire. Using Cox regression, we calculated hazard ratios adjusted for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, history of type-2 diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alcohol consumption, history of coronary heart disease and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 24.9 years (interquartile range: 18.3-26.9), 208 men developed dementia and 128 developed AD. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for dementia comparing top vs bottom tertiles of physical activity were 0.97 (95% confidence intervals: 0.69-1.38) for total physical activity volume, 0.96 (0.69-1.34) for conditioning LTPA volume and 1.13 (0.80-1.61) for total LTPA volume. Corresponding hazard ratios for AD were 1.19 (0.76-1.85), 0.98 (0.64-1.49) and 1.22 (0.77-1.93). Associations were consistent in analyses restricted to participants with ≥10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged Caucasian men, various physical activity exposures were not associated with all-cause dementia or AD. Future studies should address biases due to reverse causation and regression dilution and should involve objective measures of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Tang Z, Chen X, Zhang W, Sun X, Hou Q, Li Y, Feng X, Chen Y, Lv J, Ji L, Ding G, Li D. Association Between Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chinese Women. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:630409. [PMID: 33643024 PMCID: PMC7902766 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.630409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dementia, as a global public health problem, is becoming increasingly serious. As a precursor of dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) plays an important role in the diagnosis and prevention of dementia. Recent studies have found a correlation between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and cognitive function in men. The relationship between GGT levels and cognitive function in women remains unclear because GGT activity and expression differ between the sexes. Method: We recruited a total of 2,943 Chinese women from Jidong and Taian in 2019. We grouped the participants according to GGT levels, diagnosed MCI using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scale, and modeled the study outcomes using logistic regression to explore the relationship between GGT level and MCI. We also analyzed the interaction of obesity, sleep duration, and hyperuricemia with GGT in the development of MCI. Results: The prevalence of MCI increased with increasing GGT level, from the lowest quartile to the highest quartile of GGT: 8.4% (66/786), 14.2% (119/840), 17.6% (108/613), and 21.4% (151/704), respectively. At the same time, as GGT levels increased, so did the risk of MCI. In the fully adjusted model, compared with those for participants in the lowest GGT quartiles, the odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MCI for participants in the second, third, and fourth GGT quartiles were 1.49 (1.04-2.12), 1.53(1.06-2.21), and 1.88 (1.33-2.65), respectively. The risk of developing MCI was further increased in people with high GGT levels who were obese (OR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.39-2.76, P < 0.001), slept less (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.35-2.71, P < 0.001), had high levels of uric acid (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03-2.32, P < 0.001), or after menopause (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 2.07-4.12, P < 0.001). Conclusion: We found that MCI is more common in women with elevated GGT levels, so GGT could be a potential diagnostic marker for MCI. Meanwhile, our findings indicated that women with high GGT levels had an increased risk of MCI when they were obese, sleep deprived, had high serum uric acid (SUA) levels or underwent menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xueyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Wenran Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | | | - Qingzhi Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yuejin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Yanru Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Long Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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Hort J, Vališ M, Kuča K, Angelucci F. Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Information from Animal Models on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Cognitive Deficits. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2405. [PMID: 31096580 PMCID: PMC6566630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most common cause of cognitive deficit after Alzheimer's disease. Since VCI patients represent an important target population for prevention, an ongoing effort has been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this review, we summarize the information from animal models on the molecular changes that occur in the brain during a cerebral vascular insult and ultimately lead to cognitive deficits in VCI. Animal models cannot effectively represent the complex clinical picture of VCI in humans. Nonetheless, they allow some understanding of the important molecular mechanisms leading to cognitive deficits. VCI may be caused by various mechanisms and metabolic pathways. The pathological mechanisms, in terms of cognitive deficits, may span from oxidative stress to vascular clearance of toxic waste products (such as amyloid beta) and from neuroinflammation to impaired function of microglia, astrocytes, pericytes, and endothelial cells. Impaired production of elements of the immune response, such as cytokines, and vascular factors, such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), may also affect cognitive functions. No single event could be seen as being the unique cause of cognitive deficits in VCI. These events are interconnected, and may produce cascade effects resulting in cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Vališ
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Sokolská Street 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Microvascular ischemic disease of the brain is a common cause of cognitive impairment and dementia, particularly in the context of preexisting cardiovascular risk factors and aging. This review summarizes our current understanding of the emerging molecular themes that underlie progressive and irreparable vascular disease leading to neuronal tissue injury and dementia. RECENT FINDINGS Cardiometabolic risk factors including diabetes and hypertension are known to contribute to vascular disease. Currently, the impact of these risk factors on the integrity and function of the brain vasculature has been target of intense investigation. Molecularly, the consequences associated with these risk factors indicate that reactive oxygen species are strong contributors to cerebrovascular dysfunction and injury. In addition, genetic linkage analyses have identified penetrant monogenic causes of vascular dementia. Finally, recent reports begun to uncover a large number of polymorphisms associated with a higher risk for cerebrovascular disease. SUMMARY A comprehensive picture of key risk factors and genetic predispositions that contribute to brain microvascular disease and result in vascular dementia is starting to emerge. Understanding their relationships and cross-interactions will significantly aid in the development of preventive and intervention strategies for this devastating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros C. Romay
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095
| | - Camilo Toro
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90095
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Hrubešová K, Fousková M, Habartová L, Fišar Z, Jirák R, Raboch J, Setnička V. Search for biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: Recent insights, current challenges and future prospects. Clin Biochem 2019; 72:39-51. [PMID: 30953619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the trend of prolonged lifespan leading to higher incidence of age-related diseases, the demand for reliable biomarkers of dementia rises. In this review, we present novel biomarkers of high potential, especially those found in blood, urine or saliva, which could lead to a more comfortable patient experience and better time- and cost-effectivity, compared to the currently used diagnostic methods. We focus on biomarkers that might allow for the detection of Alzheimer's disease before its clinical manifestations. Such biomarkers might be helpful for better understanding the etiology of the disease and identifying its risk factors. Moreover, it could be a base for developing new treatment or at least help to prolong the presymptomatic stage in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. As potential candidates, we present, for instance, neurofilament light in both cerebrospinal fluid and blood plasma or amyloid β in plasma. Above all, we provide an overview of different approaches to the diagnostics, analyzing patient's biofluids as a whole using molecular spectroscopy. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy and especially chiroptical methods provide information not only on the chemical composition, but also on molecular structure. Therefore, these techniques are promising for the diagnostics of Alzheimer's disease, as the accumulation of amyloid β in abnormal conformation is one of the hallmarks of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hrubešová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Fousková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Habartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Fišar
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jirák
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Raboch
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Ke Karlovu 11, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Setnička
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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CZ-7, a new derivative of Claulansine F, ameliorates 2VO-induced vascular dementia in rats through a Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:425-440. [PMID: 30382185 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VD) results from accumulated damage in the vascular system, which is characterized by progressive impairments in memory and cognition and is second only to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in prevalence among all types of dementia. In contrast to AD, there is no FDA-approved treatment for VD owing to its multiple etiologies. In this study, we investigated whether CZ-7, a new derivative of Claulansine F (Clau F) with verified neuroprotective activity in vitro, could ameliorate the cognitive impairment of rats with permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries (2VO) and its potential mechanisms of action. The 2VO rats were orally administered CZ-7 (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) from day 27 to day 53 post-surgery. Morris water maze tests conducted at day 48-51 revealed that CZ-7 administration significantly reduced the escape latency in 2VO rats. After the rats were sacrificed on day 53, morphological studies using Nissl and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining showed that administration of CZ-7 markedly attenuated the pathological changes in CA1-CA3 area of the hippocampus, including neuronal cell loss, nuclear shrinkage, and dark staining of neurons, and significantly decreased the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced cell loss. Klüver-Barrera staining study revealed that CZ-7 administration significantly improved the white matter lesions. 8-OHdG and reactive oxygen species (ROS) immunofluorescent analyses showed that CZ-7 administration significantly decreased oxidative stress in CA1-CA3 area of the hippocampus. Finally, we found that the CZ-7-improved oxidative stress might be mediated via the Nrf2 pathway, evidenced by the double immunofluorescent staining of Nrf2 and the elevation of expression levels of oxidative stress proteins HO-1 and NQO1. In conclusion, CZ-7 has therapeutic potential for VD by alleviating oxidative stress injury through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses.
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25
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Pérez-González A, Castañeda-Arriaga R, Álvarez-Idaboy JR, Reiter RJ, Galano A. Melatonin and its metabolites as chemical agents capable of directly repairing oxidized DNA. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12539. [PMID: 30417425 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress mediates chemical damage to DNA yielding a wide variety of products. In this work, the potential capability of melatonin and several of its metabolites to repair directly (chemically) oxidative lesions in DNA was explored. It was found that all the investigated molecules are capable of repairing guanine-centered radical cations by electron transfer at very high rates, that is, diffusion-limited. They are also capable of repairing C-centered radicals in the sugar moiety of 2'-deoxyguanosine (2dG) by hydrogen atom transfer. Although this was identified as a rather slow process, with rate constants ranging from 1.75 to 5.32 × 102 M-1 s-1 , it is expected to be fast enough to prevent propagation of the DNA damage. Melatonin metabolites 6-hydroxymelatonin (6OHM) and 4-hydroxymelatonin (4OHM) are also predicted to repair OH adducts in the imidazole ring. In particular, the rate constants corresponding to the repair of 8-OH-G adducts were found to be in the order of 104 M-1 s-1 and are assisted by a water molecule. The results presented here strongly suggest that the role of melatonin in preventing DNA damage might be mediated by its capability, combined with that of its metabolites, to directly repair oxidized sites in DNA through different chemical routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pérez-González
- CONACYT, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Romina Castañeda-Arriaga
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
| | - Juan Raúl Álvarez-Idaboy
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, México City, México
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26
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Afshar S, Shahidi S, Rohani AH, Soleimani Asl S, Komaki A. Protective effects of 5-HT1A receptor antagonist and 5-HT2A receptor agonist on the biochemical and histological features in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 96:140-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Lu Y, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Chen Q, Chen X, He X, Liu L, Ruan C, Sun T, Ji B, Lu W, Jiang C. Microenvironment Remodeling Micelles for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy by Early Modulation of Activated Microglia. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801586. [PMID: 30828531 PMCID: PMC6382295 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments focus on pathologies in the late stage of the disease progression. Poor clinical outcomes are displayed due to the irreversible damages caused by early microglia abnormality which triggers disease development before identical symptoms emerge. Based on the crosstalk between microglia and brain microenvironment, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive polymeric micelle system (Ab-PEG-LysB/curcumin (APLB/CUR)) is reported to normalize the oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment and reeducate microglia from an early phase of AD. Through an β-amyloid (Aβ) transportation-mimicked pathway, the micelles can accumulate into the diseased regions and exert synergistic effects of polymer-based ROS scavenging and cargo-based Aβ inhibition upon microenvironment stimuli. This multitarget strategy exhibits gradual correction of the brain microenvironment, efficient neuroprotection, and microglia modulation, leading to decreased Aβ plaque burdens and consequently enhanced cognitive functions in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 model mice. The results indicate that microglia can be exploited as an early target for AD treatment and their states can be controlled via microenvironment modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Zhongyuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Xinli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Xi He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Lisha Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Chunhui Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging ResearchNational Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and TechnologyChiba263‐8555Japan
| | - Weigen Lu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering and Research CenterChina State Institute of Pharmaceutical IndustryShanghai201203China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug DeliveryMinistry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai201203China
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Chu Q, Yu L, Zheng Z, Chen M, Hua Z, Hang M, Li Y, Li X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zheng X. Apios americana Medik flowers extract protects PC12 cells against H2O2 induced neurotoxicity via regulating autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhao X, Liu J, Yang S, Song D, Wang C, Chen C, Li X, Wang Q, Ge S, Yang R, Liu X, Lin Y, Cai D. Ling-Yang-Gou-Teng-decoction prevents vascular dementia through inhibiting oxidative stress induced neurovascular coupling dysfunction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:229-238. [PMID: 29545211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Vascular dementia (VaD) is the common cognitive disorder derived mainly from lacunar stroke (LS). The oxidative stress induced neurovascular coupling (NVC) dysfunction involves in the pathogenesis of VaD. Currently, there is no specific drug for VaD. Ling-Yang-Gou-Teng -Decoction (LG), a well-known traditional Chinese formula, has been used for preventing VaD in clinic. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism of LG on VaD in rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD VaD was replicated with autologous micro-thrombi against the background of hypercholesterolemia induced with high fatty diet. PTX (68.90 mg/kg/day), LG with three dosages (2.58, 8.14, 25.80 g/kg/day) was orally administrated to VaD rats, respectively. The NVC sensitivity was defined as the ratio of the microcirculative cerebral blood velocity (CBV) to the electroencephalograph (EEG) before and after penicillin stimulation. Behavioral performance, pathological changes of brain and oxidation related molecules were detected to assess the effects of LG on VaD. RESULTS LG exhibited beneficial effects on the VaD, which was demonstrated as improved exploratory, learning and memory abilities, relieved vascular or neural pathological changes in cerebral cortex or hippocampus. LG maintained NVC sensitivity, which was confirmed as significantly increased ΔCBV and the elevated ratio of ΔCBV/ΔqEEG. The underlying mechanisms of LG was associated with antioxidant effects, which was confirmed as significantly decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression, and increased superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) expression. LG also reduced iNOS, increased nNOS and eNOS expression to restore NO bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that LG prevented VaD may associate with inhibiting oxidative stress, protecting NO bioavailability, and then maintaining NVC sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shijun Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuting Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shasha Ge
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runmei Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yulin Lin
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dayong Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tana C, Ticinesi A, Prati B, Nouvenne A, Meschi T. Uric Acid and Cognitive Function in Older Individuals. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080975. [PMID: 30060474 PMCID: PMC6115794 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has been recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in epidemiological studies. However, uric acid can also exert beneficial functions due to its antioxidant properties, which may be particularly relevant in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we critically revise the evidence on the relationship between serum uric acid levels and cognitive function in older individuals, focusing on the etiology of cognitive impairment (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s dementia, and vascular dementia) and on the interactive connections between uric acid, dementia, and diet. Despite high heterogeneity in the existing studies, due to different characteristics of studied populations and methods of cognitive dysfunction assessment, we conclude that serum uric acid may modulate cognitive function in a different way according to the etiology of dementia. Current studies indeed demonstrate that uric acid may exert neuroprotective actions in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s dementia, with hypouricemia representing a risk factor for a quicker disease progression and a possible marker of malnutrition. Conversely, high serum uric acid may negatively influence the disease course in vascular dementia. Further studies are needed to clarify the physio-pathological role of uric acid in different dementia types, and its clinical-prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tana
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Prati
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute Care Unit, Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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31
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Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA, Burgess S. Genetically elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:61-66. [PMID: 29505811 PMCID: PMC5915296 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Observational epidemiological evidence supports a linear and independent association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentrations and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the causality of this association has not been previously investigated. We sought to assess the causal nature of this association using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Using inverse-variance weighted MR analysis, we assessed the association between GGT and AD using summary statistics for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-AD associations obtained from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project of 17,008 individuals with AD and 37,154 controls. We used 26 SNPs significantly associated with GGT in a previous genome-wide association study on liver enzymes as instruments. Sensitivity analyses to account for potential genetic pleiotropy included MR-Egger and weighted median MR. The odds ratio of AD was 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 0.98 to 1.22; p = 0.10) per one standard deviation genetically elevated GGT based on all 26 SNPs. The results were similar in both MR-Egger and weighted median MR methods. Overall, our findings cannot confirm a strong causal effect of GGT on AD risk. Further MR investigations using individual-level data are warranted to confirm or rule out causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setor K Kunutsor
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Learning & Research Building (Level 1), Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Central Finland Health Care District Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 0SR, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB1 8RN, UK
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Tian JS, Zhai QJ, Zhao Y, Chen R, Zhao LD. 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) improved the impairments in AD rat models by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. J Integr Neurosci 2018; 16:385-400. [PMID: 28891528 DOI: 10.3233/jin-170032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the commonest neural degeneration in aging population, and has become a global health challenge. 2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline (2-BFI) was reported to effectively improved the damage of patients with neuropathological disorders. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 2-BFI on the improvement of antioxidative, inflammation, and apoptosis in AD rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (2 months old, n=40) were used in this study and after injection of Aβ1-42 into hippocampal CA1 (Cornu Ammonis) region, the rats were given high, moderate and low dose of 2-BFI though intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Then spatial memory and navigation ability were analyzed by Morrize Water Maze. For the molecular testing, chemical colorimetry, ELISA and immunoblotting were performed to measure the activities of antioxidative enzymes, the abundance of immune cytokines and expression of apoptotic proteins, respectively. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was used to analyze the pathological changes. We observed that 2-BFI significantly ameliorated the learning and memory abilities in rat models with AD by dosage treatment, as demonstrated by the shorten learning latency and greater times of travel across the platform quadrant. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), were decreased after treatment of 2-BFI with dosage dependency, while the activities of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and (GPX) Glutathione peroxidase were in turn enhanced, suggesting that 2-BFI could protect the antioxidative enzymes and reduce the oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Moreover, the expression of inflammatory factors including TNF-a and IL-1β were decreased after 2-BFI treatment. Additionally, the neuronal apoptosis was also attenuated, as shown by Western blot results. Taken together, the cognitive impairment in AD rats could be significantly improved by 2-BFI in a dose-dependent manner through suppressing oxidants accumulation, inhibiting of inflammatory response, as well as enhancing the neural viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sha Tian
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, PR China
| | - Qi-Jin Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, PR China
| | - Lian-Dong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu, 223002, PR China
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Melatonin: A Versatile Protector against Oxidative DNA Damage. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030530. [PMID: 29495460 PMCID: PMC6017920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA has important implications for human health and has been identified as a key factor in the onset and development of numerous diseases. Thus, it is evident that preventing DNA from oxidative damage is crucial for humans and for any living organism. Melatonin is an astonishingly versatile molecule in this context. It can offer both direct and indirect protection against a wide variety of damaging agents and through multiple pathways, which may (or may not) take place simultaneously. They include direct antioxidative protection, which is mediated by melatonin's free radical scavenging activity, and also indirect ways of action. The latter include, at least: (i) inhibition of metal-induced DNA damage; (ii) protection against non-radical triggers of oxidative DNA damage; (iii) continuous protection after being metabolized; (iv) activation of antioxidative enzymes; (v) inhibition of pro-oxidative enzymes; and (vi) boosting of the DNA repair machinery. The rather unique capability of melatonin to exhibit multiple neutralizing actions against diverse threatening factors, together with its low toxicity and its ability to cross biological barriers, are all significant to its efficiency for preventing oxidative damage to DNA.
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Weimann A, Simonsen AH, Poulsen HE. Measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine in cerebrospinal fluid by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1073:110-117. [PMID: 29248768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased levels of nucleosides modified by oxidation in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have several times been reported in Alzheimer patients and patients suffering from Parkinson's disease. The focus has especially been on nucleosides containing the 8-hydroxylation of guanine. Only few reports on quantification of the ribonucleoside 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanosine (8oxoGuo) in CSF have been published, whereas more have been published on the quantification of the deoxy-ribonucleoside 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8oxodGuo). The reports on the quantification of 8oxodGuo concentrations in CSF report absolute concentrations varying by a factor >105 in healthy humans. This could indicate that there is a serious specificity problem in some of the methods. In this paper an isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS method with high specificity and sensitivity for the quantification of 8oxoGuo and 8oxodGuo in CSF is presented. LLOQ for the two analytes is determined to 4pM and 2pM, respectively. The calibration curves has been tested to be linear in the range from 4 to 3,000pM for 8oxoGuo and between 2 and 3,000pM for 8oxodGuo. Using a weighting factor of 1/x the correlation coefficient "r" for both analytes is >0.999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Weimann
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 6991, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik E Poulsen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; Faculty of Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Choi DH, Lee J. A Mini-Review of the NADPH oxidases in Vascular Dementia: Correlation with NOXs and Risk Factors for VaD. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112500. [PMID: 29165383 PMCID: PMC5713465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the factors that cause dementia conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (VaD). In the pathogenesis of VaD, OS is associated with risk factors that include increased age, hypertension, and stroke. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a molecular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). According to recent studies, inhibition of NOX activity can reduce cognitive impairment in animal models of VaD. In this article, we review the evidence linking cognitive impairment with NOX-dependent OS, including the vascular NOX and non-vascular NOX systems, in VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hee Choi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
| | - Jongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Korea.
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Wei Y, Liu D, Zheng Y, Li H, Hao C, Ouyang W. Protective effects of kinetin against aluminum chloride and D-galactose induced cognitive impairment and oxidative damage in mouse. Brain Res Bull 2017; 134:262-272. [PMID: 28867383 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that aluminum exposure and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the initiation and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) and d-galactose (d-gal) combined treatment of mice is considered as an easy and cheap way to obtain an animal model of AD. Kinetin is a plant cytokinin, which is also reported to exert neuro-protective effects in vivo and in vitro. Thus, in this study, neuro-protective effects of kinetin were investigated in an AD model of mice induced by AlCl3 and d-gal. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to directly evaluate neuro-protective effects of kinetin on the memory and spatial learning abilities, while the histopathological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining method. To further investigate mechanisms involved, Al content in cortex and hippocampus was determined. In addition, related detection kits were used to determine acetylcholine (ACh) content and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Activities of anti-oxidative enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the content of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also measured. Besides, the content of oxidative damage bio-markers including 8-iso-prostaglandin F (8-iso-PGF), advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were determined by ELISA kits. Finally, the distribution of beta-amyloid protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42) was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while the expression levels of amyloidogenic proteins including β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), β-secretase, γ-secretase and Aβ1-42 were detected by western blotting (WB) method. Results showed that kinetin improved performance in MWM test, attenuated histopathological changes, reduced Al level in cortex and hippocampus, increased ACh content and decreased AChE activity. In addition, kinetin elevated activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and reduced the levels of oxidative damage biomarkers in AD model of mice. Furthermore, kinetin also increased the content of HO-1, and inhibited the distribution of Aβ1-42 and the expressions of amyloidogenic proteins (APP, β-secretase, γ-secretase and Aβ1-42) in brain tissue of AD mice. Our results indicate that kinetin has neuro-protective effects on the AD model of mice induced by AlCl3 and d-gal, suggesting that kinetin may be a candidate drug for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Honglian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chaoshuang Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wuqing Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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High Serum Levels of Malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG are both Associated with Early Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9493. [PMID: 28842715 PMCID: PMC5573400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is an increasingly prevalent sequel after stroke that may associate with poor functional outcome and increased risk of recurrent stroke. We aimed to explore the relationship between oxidative stress biomarkers and the presence of PSCI. 193 first-ever acute ischaemic stroke patients were consecutively enrolled in the current study. The oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyquanosine (8-OHdG) were measured within 24 h after admission. Cognition function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 1 month after stroke. Serum levels of 8-OHdG and MDA were both significantly higher in the PSCI (p < 0.001) compared with the non-PSCI group. Both the serum levels of both 8-OHdG and MDA were negatively correlated with the MMSE score. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate 8-OHdG and MDA as markers of a high risk of PSCI and produced area under curve values of 0.700 and 0.793. Adjusted logistic regression showed that serum 8-OHdG and MDA levels remained as independent markers of PSCI. High serum levels of malondialdehyde and 8-OHdG are associated with the presence of PSCI at 1 month after stroke.
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Promise, Progress, and Pitfalls in the Search for Central Nervous System Biomarkers in Neuroimmunological Diseases: A Role for Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunophenotyping. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2017; 24:229-239. [PMID: 29103430 PMCID: PMC5697729 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are central to the translational medicine strategic focus, though strict criteria need to be applied to their designation and utility. They are one of the most promising areas of medical research, but the "biomarker life-cycle" must be understood to avoid false-positive and false-negative results. Molecular biomarkers will revolutionize the treatment of neurological diseases, but the rate of progress depends on a bold, visionary stance by neurologists, as well as scientists, biotech and pharmaceutical industries, funding agencies, and regulators. One important tool in studying cell-specific biomarkers is multiparameter flow cytometry. Cerebrospinal fluid immunophenotyping, or immune phenotypic subsets, captures the biology of intrathecal inflammatory processes, and has the potential to guide personalized immunotherapeutic selection and monitor treatment efficacy. Though data exist for some disorders, they are surprisingly lacking in many others, identifying a serious deficit to be overcome. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping provides a valuable, available, and feasible "window" into both adaptive and innate components of neuroinflammation that is currently underutilized.
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Laukkanen T, Kunutsor S, Kauhanen J, Laukkanen JA. Sauna bathing is inversely associated with dementia and Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged Finnish men. Age Ageing 2017; 46:245-249. [PMID: 27932366 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afw212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background there are no previous studies linking repeated heat exposure of sauna and the risk of memory diseases. We aimed to investigate whether frequency of sauna bathing is associated with risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Setting prospective population-based study. Methods the frequency of sauna bathing was assessed at baseline in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease population-based prospective cohort study of 2,315 apparently healthy men aged 42-60 years at baseline, with baseline examinations conducted between 1984 and 1989. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dementia and Alzheimer's disease were ascertained using Cox-regression modelling with adjustment for potential confounders. Results during a median follow-up of 20.7 (interquartile range 18.1-22.6) years, a total of 204 and 123 diagnosed cases of dementia and Alzheimer's disease were respectively recorded. In analysis adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, Type 2 diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, resting heart rate and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with men with only 1 sauna bathing session per week, the HR for dementia was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.57-1.06) for 2-3 sauna bathing sessions per week and 0.34 (95% CI: 0.16-0.71) for 4-7 sauna bathing sessions per week. The corresponding HRs for Alzheimer's disease were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.53-1.20) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.14-0.90). Conclusion in this male population, moderate to high frequency of sauna bathing was associated with lowered risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Further studies are warranted to establish the potential mechanisms linking sauna bathing and memory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjaniina Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Setor Kunutsor
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jussi Kauhanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Antero Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Xu Y, Wang Q, Cui R, Lu K, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Uric acid is associated with vascular dementia in Chinese population. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00617. [PMID: 28239527 PMCID: PMC5318370 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mounting evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia (VD). Uric acid (UA) has long been implicated as a critical cause of cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, UA was also expected to play an important role in antioxidant and neuroprotection recently. We hypothesized that UA may have a protective role against VD. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between serum UA and cognitive dysfunction in VD. MATERIALS AND METHODS There were altogether 127 VD subjects and 81 nondemented controls enrolled in our study. Serum UA, demographic, and clinical characteristics were recorded at baseline, and all participants underwent Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at the beginning of the trial. RESULTS The VD group showed lower MMSE scores and serum UA levels than nondemented controls and there was significant statistical difference between the two groups (p < .05). Demographic and clinical characteristics such as age, gender, education, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) did not differ dramatically between groups (p > .05). In VD subjects, there was a positive correlation between serum UA and MMSE scores (r = .32, p < .05), and this correlation was independent of demographic and clinical characteristics (β = .272, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS VD subjects have dramatically lower serum UA levels in comparison to nondemented controls. Lower serum UA levels are linked to cognitive dysfunction and could serve as a potential predictor for VD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory Taishan Medical University Affiliated Taishan Hospital Taian Shandong Province China
| | - Ruiting Cui
- Department of Neurology Taishan Medical University Affiliated Taishan Hospital Taian Shandong Province China
| | - Kaili Lu
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
| | - Yunlin Liu
- Department of Neurology Taishan Medical University Affiliated Taishan Hospital Taian Shandong Province China
| | - Yuwu Zhao
- Department of Neurology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai China
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Li X, Lu F, Li W, Qin L, Yao Y, Ge X, Yu Q, Liang X, Zhao D, Li X, Zhang J. Edaravone injection reverses learning and memory deficits in a rat model of vascular dementia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:83-89. [PMID: 27864280 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone is a novel free radical scavenger that exerts neuroprotective effects by inhibiting endothelial injury and by ameliorating neuronal damage in brain ischemia. Recently, it was reported that edaravone could alleviate the pathology and cognitive deficits of Alzheimer's disease patients. However, its relevance to vascular dementia (VaD) is not clear. In this study, we partially occluded the bilateral carotid arteries of rats surgically to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a well-known rat model of VaD. Water maze and step-down inhibitory test were used to evaluate the memory deficit. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total reactive oxygen species were measured to evaluate the oxidative stress level. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the synaptic protein expression. It was found that treatment with edaravone for a 5-week period was able to reverse both spatial and fear-memory deficits in rats with CCH. Edaravone significantly reduced the level of oxidative stress in the brains of rats with CCH by increasing SOD activity and decreasing the content of MDA, LDH, and total reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, edaravone treatment also restored the levels of multiple synaptic proteins in the hippocampi of rats with CCH. Our data provide direct evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of edaravone in VaD. We propose that the alleviation of oxidative stress and restoration of synaptic proteins play important roles in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Fen Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lingzhi Qin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xuerong Ge
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qingkai Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xinliang Liang
- Department of Medical Development, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Kunutsor SK. Gamma-glutamyltransferase-friend or foe within? Liver Int 2016; 36:1723-1734. [PMID: 27512925 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme, which is located on the plasma membranes of most cells and organ tissues, but more commonly in hepatocytes, and is routinely used in clinical practice to help indicate liver injury and as a marker of excessive alcohol consumption. Among the liver enzymes, important advances have especially been made in understanding the physiological functions of GGT. The primary role of GGT is the extracellular catabolism of glutathione, the major thiol antioxidant in mammalian cells, which plays a relevant role in protecting cells against oxidants produced during normal metabolism; GGT, therefore, plays an important role in cellular defence. Beyond its physiological functions, circulating serum GGT has been linked to a remarkable array of chronic conditions and diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, vascular and nonvascular diseases and mortality outcomes. This review summarizes the available epidemiological and genetic evidence for the associations between GGT and these adverse outcomes, the postulated biologic mechanisms underlying these associations, outlines areas of outstanding uncertainty and the implications for clinical practice.
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Hatanaka H, Hanyu H, Fukasawa R, Hirao K, Shimizu S, Kanetaka H, Iwamoto T. Differences in peripheral oxidative stress markers in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 15 Suppl 1:53-8. [PMID: 26671158 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We determined whether the possible roles of oxidative stress differ in the pathophysiology and cognitive decline of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and mixed Alzheimer's/vascular dementia (MD). METHODS We measured the levels of diacron reactive oxygen metabolite (dROM), reflecting the amount of organic hydroperoxides, and biological anti-oxidant potential (BAP), measuring the ferric reducing ability of blood plasma, in 72 patients with AD, 27 with VaD, 24 with MD and 53 non-demented outpatients (control group). In addition, endogenous plasma anti-oxidants, such as albumin, total bilirubin and uric acid, were compared among the groups. All participants with VaD and MD showed extensive white matter hyperintensity, in addition to multiple lacunes. RESULTS The dROM levels were significantly higher in the AD and MD groups than in the control group. The BAP levels were significantly lower in the MD group than in the control, AD and VaD groups. The AD group showed significantly lower levels of bilirubin and uric acid than the control group. The MD group showed a significantly lower level of albumin than the control and AD groups, and a significantly lower level of bilirubin than the control group. The Mini-Mental State examination scores correlated significantly with dROM levels and BAP/dROM ratios in the AD group. CONCLUSIONS An imbalance in pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant defenses is apparently involved in the pathophysiology of the AD and MD groups. The extent of oxidative stress damage might differ in subtypes of dementia by being greater in the MD group than in other types of dementia. Synergic effects of the degenerative element of AD and white matter lesions might be associated with oxidative stress damage in the MD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Hatanaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Hanyu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raita Fukasawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hirao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Shimizu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kanetaka
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwamoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Yaita, Japan
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Yuan M, Xu L, Yin X. Uric Acid and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: Is There an Association? Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2016; 31:294-5. [PMID: 26385943 PMCID: PMC10852652 DOI: 10.1177/1533317515602550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by dementia, cognitive impairment, and memory loss, and the global prevalence is increasing. Many epidemiologic studies have considered the association between uric acid and AD, yet the relationship remains elusive. The objective of this study was to validate whether or not uric acid is indeed associated with AD. We compared different prospective studies and ultimately found that it is also a controversial issue. Further higher quality prospective evidence on the relationship between uric acid and AD in different age stage are needed to determine the causal association and its exact pathogenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Kunutsor SK, Laukkanen JA. Gamma glutamyltransferase and risk of future dementia in middle-aged to older Finnish men: A new prospective cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:931-941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Setor K. Kunutsor
- School of Clinical Sciences; University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital; Bristol UK
| | - Jari A. Laukkanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Finland
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Prevention of Hippocampal Neuronal Damage and Cognitive Function Deficits in Vascular Dementia by Dextromethorphan. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 53:3494-3502. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khan AA, Quinn TJ, Hewitt J, Fan Y, Dawson J. Serum uric acid level and association with cognitive impairment and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:16. [PMID: 26820749 PMCID: PMC5005871 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Serum uric acid (sUA) level may be associated with cognitive impairment/dementia. It is possible this relationship varies with dementia subtype, particularly between vascular dementias (VaD) and Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PDD)-related dementia. We aimed to present a synthesis of all published data on sUA and relationship with dementia/cognition through systematic review and meta-analysis. We included studies that assessed the association between sUA and any measure of cognitive function or a clinical diagnosis of dementia. We pre-defined subgroup analyses for patients with AD, VaD, PDD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and mixed or undifferentiated. We assessed risk of bias/generalizability, and where data allowed, we performed meta-analysis to describe pooled measures of association across studies. From 4811 titles, 46 papers (n = 16,688 participants) met our selection criteria. Compared to controls, sUA was lower in dementia (SDM -0.33 (95%CI)). There were differences in association by dementia type with apparent association for AD (SDM -0.33 (95%CI)) and PDD (SDM -0.67 (95%CI)) but not in cases of mixed dementia (SDM 0.19 (95%CI)) or VaD (SDM -0.05 (95%CI)). There was no correlation between scores on Mini-Mental State Examination and sUA level (summary r 0.08, p = 0.27), except in patients with PDD (r 0.16, p = 0.003). Our conclusions are limited by clinical heterogeneity and risk of bias in studies. Accepting this caveat, the relationship between sUA and dementia/cognitive impairment is not consistent across all dementia groups and in particular may differ in patients with VaD compared to other dementia subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir A Khan
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Terence J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Hewitt
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department, National Key Discipline, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jesse Dawson
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Wojtunik-Kulesza KA, Oniszczuk A, Oniszczuk T, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. The influence of common free radicals and antioxidants on development of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:39-49. [PMID: 26898423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative disorders in the 21st century for the continually aging population. Despite an increasing number of patients, there are only few drugs to treat the disease. Numerous studies have shown several causes of the disorder, one of the most important being oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is connected with a disturbance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants in organisms. Solutions to this problem are antioxidants, which counteract the negative impact of the reactive molecules. Unfortunately, the currently available drugs against AD do not exhibit activity toward these structures. Due to the fact that natural substances are extremely significant in new drug development, numerous studies are focused on substances which exhibit a few activities including antioxidants and other anti-AD behaviors. This review article presents the most important studies connected with the influence of free radicals on development of AD and antioxidants as potential drugs toward AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Lublin University of Life Sciences, 44 Doświadczalna Street, 20-236 Lublin, Poland.
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Cho HW, Jung SY, Lee GH, Cho JH, Choi IY. Neuroprotective effect of Citrus unshiu immature peel and nobiletin inhibiting hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HT22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S284-9. [PMID: 26664016 PMCID: PMC4653338 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.166047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress-induced cell damage is common in the etiology of several neurobiological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In a case study, nobiletin-rich Citrus reticulata peels could prevent the progression of cognitive impairment in donepezil-preadministered Alzheimer's disease patients. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of nobiletin and Citrus unshiu immature peel (CUIP) water extract, which contains nobiletin as a major compound, on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells, a murine hippocampal neuronal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS HT22 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of various concentrations of CUIP and nobiletin. Cytotoxicity and apoptotic protein levels were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and Western blotting. RESULTS Pretreatment with CUIP and nobiletin inhibited cell death due to hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide-induced the expression of phospho-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK) and p-p38 proteins in HT22 cells; however CUIP and nobiletin suppressed p-JNK and p-p38 without changing JNK or p38. Regarding apoptosis, caspase 3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bax protein expression was determined. CUIP and nobiletin suppressed caspase 3 and Bax expression, but they induced Bcl-2 expression in HT22 cells. CONCLUSION These results show that CUIP and nobiletin can protect against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in HT22 neurons via mitogen-activated protein kinases and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woo Cho
- Research and Development Team, Jeonnam Development Institute of Korean Traditional Medicine, 288 Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyang-myun Jangheung-gun, Jeonnam 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, 20, Geonjiro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 561-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Hwan Lee
- Research and Development Team, Jeonnam Development Institute of Korean Traditional Medicine, 288 Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyang-myun Jangheung-gun, Jeonnam 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Cho
- Research and Development Team, Jeonnam Development Institute of Korean Traditional Medicine, 288 Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyang-myun Jangheung-gun, Jeonnam 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Research and Development Team, Jeonnam Development Institute of Korean Traditional Medicine, 288 Udeuraendeu-gil, Anyang-myun Jangheung-gun, Jeonnam 529-851, Republic of Korea
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