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Enye LA, Edem EE, Onyeogaziri LI, Yusuf A, Ikpade BO, Ikuelogbon DA, Kunlere OE, Adedokun MA. Tiger nut/coconut dietary intervention as antidotal nutritional remediation strategy against neurobehavioural deficits following organophosphate-induced gut-brain axis dysregulation in mice. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:23-40. [PMID: 38193024 PMCID: PMC10772296 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate poisoning remains a global health crisis without efficacious treatments to prevent neurotoxicity. We examined whether antidotal tiger nut and coconut dietary intervention could ameliorate neurobehavioral deficits from organophosphate dichlorvos-induced gut-brain axis dysregulation in a mouse model. Mice were divided into groups given control diet, dichlorvos-contaminated diets, or dichlorvos plus nut-enriched diets. They were exposed to a DDVP-contaminated diet for 4 weeks before exposure to the treatment diets for another 8 weeks. This was followed by behavioural assessments for cognitive, motor, anxiety-, and depressive-like behaviours. Faecal samples (pre- and post-treatment), as well as blood, brain, and gut tissues, were collected for biochemical assessments following euthanasia. Dichlorvos-exposed mice displayed impairments in cognition, motor function, and mood along with disrupted inflammatory and antioxidant responses, neurotrophic factor levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and intestinal tissues. Weight loss and altered short-chain fatty acid levels additionally indicated gut dysfunction. However, intervention with tiger nut and/or coconut- enriched diet after dichlorvos exposure attenuated these neurobehavioral, and biochemical alterations. Our findings demonstrate organophosphate-induced communication disruptions between the gut and brain pathways that manifest in neuropsychiatric disturbances. Overall, incorporating fibre-rich nuts may represent an antidotal dietary strategy to reduce neurotoxicity and prevent brain disorders associated with organophosphate poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus Anderson Enye
- Stress & Neuroimmunology Group, Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Edem Ekpenyong Edem
- Stress & Neuroimmunology Group, Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Lydia Ijeoma Onyeogaziri
- Stress & Neuroimmunology Group, Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Yusuf
- Stress & Neuroimmunology Group, Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Bliss Oluwafunmi Ikpade
- Stress & Neuroimmunology Group, Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | | | - Oladunni Eunice Kunlere
- Stress & Neuroimmunology Group, Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Mujeeb Adekunle Adedokun
- Stress & Neuroimmunology Group, Neuroscience Unit, Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Ma T, Liu W, Jiang D, Zhang G, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Li Z. Analysis of Toxic Effects of Fluoride on Ovine Follicular Granulosa Cells Using RNA-Seq. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:506. [PMID: 38790611 PMCID: PMC11118050 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoride is abundant in the environment and is an essential trace element in living organisms. However, prolonged excessive fluoride intake can lead to fluorosis, which poses a threat to the reproductive health of animals and humans. Although previous research has mainly focused on animal models, the impact of fluoride on ovine follicular granulosa cells (GCs) has not been comprehensively elucidated. This study employed RNA-Seq technology to elucidate the toxic effects of fluoride on ovine follicular GCs and its mechanism of action. Culturing primary ovine follicular GCs in vitro and subjecting them to fluoride treatment revealed 3218 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 2278 upregulated and 940 downregulated. Significantly, this study unveiled fluoride's induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cells, triggering a cascade involving the PERK pathway factor ATF4, leading to cell death via DDIT3/CHOP activation and the subsequent upregulation of CHAC1, ATF3, ERO1α, and TRIB3. These findings provide crucial insights into the toxicity of fluoride in ovine, offering a foundation for mitigating fluoride-related losses in the farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (D.J.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wanruo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (D.J.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Didi Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (D.J.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guolin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (D.J.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (D.J.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (T.M.); (W.L.); (D.J.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zongshuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro Ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Grassland Agriculture Engineering Center, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
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Kamila S, Dey KK, Islam S, Chattopadhyay A. Arsenic and chromium induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmentally relevant concentrations: Mixture effects and involvement of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171221. [PMID: 38402821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), two well-known cytotoxic and carcinogenic metals are reported to coexist in industrial effluents and groundwater. Their individual toxicities have been thoroughly studied but the combined effects, especially the mechanism of toxicity and cellular stress response remain unclear. Considering co-exposure as a more realistic scenario, current study compared the individual and mixture effects of As and Cr in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of As and Cr for 15, 30 and 60 days. ROS generation, biochemical stress parameters like lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione content, catalase activity and histological alterations were studied. Results showed increase in ROS production, MDA content and GSH level; and vicissitude in catalase activity as well as altered histoarchitecture, indicating oxidative stress conditions after individual and combined exposure of As and Cr which were additive in nature. This study also included the expression of Nrf2, the key regulator of antioxidant stress responses and its nuclear translocation. Related antioxidant and xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme genes like keap1, nqo1, ho1, mnsod and cyp1a were also studied. Overall results indicated increased nrf2, nqo1, ho1, mnsod expression at all time points and increased cyp1a expression after 60 days exposure. Emphasizing on the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, this study exhibited additive or sometimes synergistic effects of As and Cr in zebrafish liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejata Kamila
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Kumar Dey
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Shehnaz Islam
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
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Khan H, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Combined Effects of Fluoride and Arsenic on Mitochondrial Function in the Liver of Rat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6856-6866. [PMID: 36947368 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and/or molecular mechanisms of arsenic or fluoride toxicity in experimental animals have been widely investigated in the recent past. However, their combined effects on target cells/organelle are poorly understood. The present study was executed to delineate their combined effects on mitochondrial function in the liver of rat. Female Wistar rats (140 ± 20 g) were force fed individually or in combination with sodium arsenate (4 mg/kg body weight) and sodium fluoride (4 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days. Thereafter, established markers of mitochondrial function viz. mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase, and caspase-3 activity were determined. Cytochrome C release and oxidative DNA damage were also estimated in the liver of respective groups of rats. The study showed significant differences in these results amongst the three groups. Observations on parameters viz. LPO, cytochrome-C, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG suggested an antagonistic relationship between these two elements. Results on ATPase, SDH, and ADP:O ratio indicated synergism. It is concluded that AsIII + F in combination may express differential effects on signalling pathways and proapoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins/genes that contribute to liver cell death. Interaction of As and F with mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Khan
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India
| | - S V S Rana
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India.
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Kocak Y, Oto G, Huyut Z, Alp HH, Turkan F, Onay E. Effects of fluoride on oxidative DNA damage, nitric oxide level, lipid peroxidation and cholinesterase enzyme activity in a rotenone-induced experimental Parkinson's model. Neurol Res 2023; 45:979-987. [PMID: 37699078 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2023.2257452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Environmental toxins are known to be one of the important factors in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was designed to investigate the possible contribution of fluoride (F) exposure to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in rats with PD induced by rotenone (ROT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 72 Wistar albino male rats were used in the experiment and 9 groups were formed with 8 animals in each group. ROT (2 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously (sc) for 28 days. Different doses of sodium fluoride (NaF) (25, 50 and 100 ug/mL) were given orally (po) for 4 weeks. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) and cholinesterase (AChE/BChE) enzyme activities were evaluated in serum and brain tissue homogenates. RESULTS Rats treated with ROT and NaF had significant increases in serum and brain MDA, NO content, and decreases in GSH. In addition, the combination of ROT and NaF triggered oxidative DNA damage and resulted in increased AChE/BChE activity. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that NaF and ROT may interact synergistically leading to oxidative damage and neuronal cell loss. As a result, we believe that exposure to pesticides in combination with NaF is one of the environmental factors that should not be ignored in the etiology of neurological diseases such as PD in populations in areas with endemic fluorosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Kocak
- Department of Physical therapy and rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Oto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Hamit Hakan Alp
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Fikret Turkan
- Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Igdir University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Onay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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El-Helaly A, Abou-El-Naga AM, Alshehri KM, El-Dein MA. Miracle Tree ( Moringa oleifera) Attuned GFAP and Synaptophysin Levels, Oxidative Stress and Biomarkers in Cerebellar Fluorosis of Pregnant Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2023; 26:628-650. [PMID: 38334155 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2023.628.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Cerebellar fluorosis is a health issue associated with excessive exposure to fluoride (F) either in direct or indirect ways as pesticides, drinking water and caries preventing prescriptions. It is characterized by elevation in oxidative stress, inflammation, demyelination and Purkinje cell loss. <i>Moringa oleifera</i> (M), is a widely cultivated plant used as a health-booster agent in modulating various disorders because of its high content of vitamins and minerals. The beneficial effect of moringa against fluoride-induced cerebellar toxicity in pregnant rats was investigated in this study. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Twenty pregnant rats were administered daily 300 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> <i>M. oleifera</i> aqueous extract incorporated with 10 mg kg<sup></sup><sup>1</sup> of F intoxication from the 1st day of gestation until the 20th day. Following the termination of the trial, sera were collected and cerebellar tissue was removed for further examinations, along with the assessment of maternity. <b>Results:</b> The <i>M. oleifera</i> significantly normalized serum FSH, LH, progesterone, dopamine and serotonin levels of F-intoxicated mothers. Additionally, <i>M. oleifera</i> markedly prevented the lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation indicated by the tail length and moment in comet assay (-34.4 and -75.3%, respectively, when compared to the fluoride intoxicated group), while sustaining the levels of SOD and CAT revealing its antioxidant activity. The <i>M. oleifera</i> regressed the cerebellar α-amylase (-25.4%) and acetylcholinesterase activity (-40.6%), also attenuated GFAP (-73.4%, p<0.0001), synaptophysin level (216.6%, p<0.0001) and IL-6 expression (-91.2%) comparing to fluoride only treated mothers. <b>Conclusion:</b> Histological and ultrastructural examinations confirmed the recuperating effects of <i>M. oleifera</i> on mothers' cerebellar tissue intoxicated with fluoride indicated by intact folia and restored Purkinje cells number and architecture. The maternal study emphasized the anti-abortifacient activity of moringa against fluoride induced-fetotoxicity.
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Tian X, Yan X, Chen X, Liu P, Sun Z, Niu R. Identifying Serum Metabolites and Gut Bacterial Species Associated with Nephrotoxicity Caused by Arsenic and Fluoride Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:4870-4881. [PMID: 36692655 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) is widely distributed in groundwater, which are known risk factors for the nephrotoxicity. Emerging evidence has linked environmentally associated nephrotoxicity with the disturbance of gut microbiota and blood metabolites. In this study, we generated gut microbiota and blood metabolomic profile and identified multiple serum metabolites and gut bacteria species, which were associated with kidney injury on rat model exposed to As and F alone or combined. Combined As and F exposure significantly increased creatinine level. Abnormal autophagosomes and lysosome were observed, and the autophagic genes were enhanced in kidney tissue after single and combined As and F exposure. The metabolome data showed that single and combined As and F exposure remarkably altered the serum metabolites associated with the proximal tubule reabsorption function pathway, with glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate level decreased in all exposed group. Furthermore, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), the key contributor of autophagosomes, was decreased significantly in As and F + As exposed groups during the screen of autophagy-animal pathway. Multiple altered gut bacterial microbiota at phylum and species levels post As and F exposure were associated with targeted kidney injury, including p_Bacteroidetes, s_Chromohalobacter_unclassified, s_Halomonas_unclassified, s_Ignatzschineria_unclassified, s_Bacillus_subtilis, and s_Brevundimonas_sp._NA6. Meanwhile, our analysis indicated that As and F co-exposure possessed an interactive influence on gut microbiota. In conclusion, single or combined As and F exposure leads to the disruption of serum metabolic and gut microbiota profiles. Multiple metabolites and bacterial species are identified and associated with nephrotoxicity, which have potential to be developed as biomarkers of As and/or F-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xushen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Penghui Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
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Islam J, Islam Z, Haque N, Khatun M, Islam F, Hossain S, Hoque MA, Nikkon F, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Fenugreek seed powder protects mice against arsenic-induced neurobehavioral changes. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100114. [PMID: 37554151 PMCID: PMC10404539 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of fenugreek seed powder against As-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical perturbations using a mouse model. Mice exposed to arsenic at 10 mg/kg body weight showed development of anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment compared to control mice in elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests, respectively. A significantly decreased acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels were found in the brain of arsenic-exposed mice compared to control mice. Interestingly, supplementation of fenugreek seed powder to arsenic-treated mice significantly restored the activity of cholinesterase and antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase) as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the brain tissue of arsenic-exposed mice. Consequently, reduced anxiety-like behavior, improved learning and memory were observed in fenugreek supplemented arsenic treated mice compared to only arsenic-exposed mice group. Thus, this study suggests that fenugreek seed powder reduces arsenic-induced neurotoxicity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Moriom Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Gopnar VV, Rakshit D, Bandakinda M, Kulhari U, Sahu BD, Mishra A. Fisetin attenuates arsenic and fluoride subacute co-exposure induced neurotoxicity via regulating TNF-α mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Neurotoxicology 2023:S0161-813X(23)00086-4. [PMID: 37331635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is considered safe, however, the occurrence of contaminants like arsenic and fluoride has raised a major healthcare concern. Clinical studies suggested that arsenic and fluoride co-exposure induced neurotoxicity, however efforts to explore safe and effective management of such neurotoxicity are limited. Therefore, we investigated the ameliorative effect of Fisetin against arsenic and fluoride subacute co-exposure-induced neurotoxicity, and associated biochemical and molecular changes. Male BALB/c mice Arsenic (NaAsO2: 50mg/L) and fluoride (NaF: 50mg/L) were exposed to drinking water and fisetin (5, 10, and 20mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 28 days. The neurobehavioral changes were recorded in the open field, rotarod, grip strength, tail suspension, forced swim, and novel object recognition test. The co-exposure resulted in anxiety-like behaviour, loss of motor coordination, depression-like behaviour, and loss of novelty-based memory, along with enhanced prooxidant, inflammatory markers and loss of cortical and hippocampal neurons. The treatment with fisetin reversed the co-exposure-induced neurobehavioral deficit along with restoration of redox & inflammatory milieu, and cortical and hippocampal neuronal density. Apart from antioxidants, inhibition of TNF-α/ NLRP3 expression has been suggested as one of the plausible neuroprotective mechanisms of Fisetin in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal V Gopnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Debarati Rakshit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Mounisha Bandakinda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam - 781101, India.
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Islam J, Shila TT, Islam Z, Kabir E, Haque N, Khatun M, Khan S, Jubayar AM, Islam F, Nikkon F, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Clerodendrum viscosum leaves attenuate lead-induced neurotoxicity through upregulation of BDNF-Akt-Nrf2 pathway in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 304:116024. [PMID: 36549369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Clerodendrum viscosum is an important medicinal plant in Ayurveda in Bangladesh and its leaves are used as a remedy for various diseases such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of C. viscosum leaves against Pb-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss albino mice were divided as a) control, b) lead treated (Pb) and c) C. viscosum leaves (Cle) d) Pb plus Cle groups. Pb-acetate (10 mg/kg body weight) was given to Pb and Pb + Cle groups mice, and water extract of leaves (50 mg/kg body weight) was provided as supplementation to Cle and Pb + Cle groups mice for 30 days. Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests were used for evaluating anxiety, spatial memory and learning, respectively. Status of cholinesterase, SOD, GSH enzyme activity and neurotoxicity markers such BDNF and Nrf2 levels were analyzed in the brain tissue of experimental mice. RESULTS Poorer learning, inferior spatial memory, and increased anxiety-like behavior in Pb-exposure mice were noted when compared to control mice in Morris water maze and elevated plus maze test, respectively. In addition, expression of BDNF and Nrf2, cholinesterase activity along with antioxidant activity were significantly reduced compared to control group (p < 0.01). Interestingly, C. viscosum leaves' aqueous extract supplementation in Pb-exposed mice provide a significant improved neurochemical and antioxidant properties through the augmentation of activity of cholinergic enzymes, and upregulation of BDNF and Nrf2 levels in the brain tissue compared to Pb-exposed mice. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that C. viscosum leaves restore the cognitive dysfunction and reduce anxiety-like behavior through upregulation of BDNF mediated Akt-Nrf2 pathway in Pb-exposure mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Tasnim Tabassum Shila
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Zohurul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ehsanul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Moriom Khatun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Shuchismita Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Ahsanul Mahbub Jubayar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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11
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Tian X, Wang M, Ying X, Dong N, Li M, Feng J, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Tian F, Li B, Zhang W, Qiu Y, Yan X. Co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride to explore the interactive effect on oxidative stress and autophagy in myocardial tissue and cell. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114647. [PMID: 36801539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Co-contamination of arsenic and fluoride is widely distributed in groundwater. However, little is known about the interactively influence of arsenic and fluoride, especially the combined mechanism in cardiotoxicity. Cellular and animal models exposure to arsenic and fluoride were established to assess the oxidative stress and autophagy mechanism of cardiotoxic damage using the factorial design, a widely used statistical method for assessing two factor interventions. In vivo, combined exposure to high arsenic (50 mg/L) and high fluoride (100 mg/L) induced myocardial injury. The damage is accompanied by accumulation of myocardial enzyme, mitochondrial disorder, and excessive oxidative stress. Further experiment identified that arsenic and fluoride induced the accumulation of autophagosome and increased expression level of autophagy related genes during the cardiotoxicity process. These findings were further demonstrated through the in vitro model of arsenic and fluoride-treated the H9c2 cells. Additionally, combined of arsenic-fluoride exposure possesses the interactively influence on oxidative stress and autophagy, contributing to the myocardial cell toxicity. In conclusion, our data suggest that oxidative stress and autophagy are involved in the process of cardiotoxic injury, and that these indicators showed interaction effect in response to the combined exposure of arsenic and fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaodong Ying
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Nisha Dong
- Heping Hospital Affiliated To Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Fengjie Tian
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ben Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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12
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Bartos M, Gumilar F, Baier CJ, Dominguez S, Bras C, Cancela LM, Minetti A, Gallegos CE. Rat developmental fluoride exposure affects retention memory, leads to a depressive-like behavior, and induces biochemical changes in offspring rat brains. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:222-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Ren C, Li HH, Zhang CY, Song XC. Effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 244:114021. [PMID: 36049331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the effects of chronic fluorosis on the brain and possible mechanisms. We used PubMed, Medline and Cochraine databases to collect data on fluorosis, brain injury, and pathogenesis. A large number of in vivo and in vitro studies and epidemiological investigations have found that chronic fluorosis can cause brain damage, resulting in abnormal brain structure and brain function.Chronic fluorosis not only causes a decline in concentration, learning, and memory, but also has mental symptoms such as anxiety, tension, and depression. Several possible mechanisms that have been proposed: the oxidative stress and inflammation theory, neural cell apoptosis theory, neurotransmitter imbalance theory, as well as the doctrine of the interaction of fluorine with other elements. However, the specific mechanism of chronic fluorosis on brain damage is still unclear. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms via which chronic fluorosis causes brain damage is of great significance to protect the physical and mental health of people in developing countries, especially those living in the endemic areas of fluorosis. In brief, further investigation concerning the influence of fluoride on the brain should be conducted as the neural damage induced by it may bring about a huge problem in public health, especially considering growing environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China; Department of Neurology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China.
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212000, China
| | - Cai-Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital, No.379 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China; Department of Emergency psychology, Xuzhou Medical University, No.209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China; Department of Emergency, Xuzhou Medical University Affiliate Hospital, No.99 Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, China
| | - Xi-Cheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong Province 264000, China; Shandong Provincial Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China.
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14
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Steckiewicz KP, Adamska A, Narajczyk M, Megiel E, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Fluoride enhances polystyrene nanoparticles cytotoxicity in colonocytes in vitro model. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 367:110169. [PMID: 36165825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal cells can be exposed to different xenobiotics present in food or drinking water. In this work, we assessed the cytotoxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) and how it is impacted by fluoride (F-) presence. We decided to examine PS-NPs and F- which can be easily found in drinking water and food. Commercially available amine-modified 100 nm PS-NPs were used in the study. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) were used to characterize PS-NPs. The colon cell lines (HT-29, Caco-2, CCD 841 CoN) were used. Cytotoxicity of PS-NPs and F- alone or in co-exposition were assessed with MTT assay in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry was used to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis analysis. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine whether PS-NPs and/or F- can cause ultrastructure changes in the cells. We have shown that PS-NPs are cytotoxic to human colon cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. PS-NPs did not impact neither intracellular ROS production nor the cells cell cycle distribution. However, if HT-29 cells were co-exposed to PS-NPs and F-, an increased number of cells in G0/G1 phase and decreased number of cells in G2/M were observed. PS-NPs can cause apoptosis in HT-29 cells, this effect was enhanced if cells were co-exposed to PS-NP and F-. PS-NPs were internalised by the cells and caused ultrastructure changes. Fluoride itself (1 mM) was not cytotoxic to the cells and did not cause any changes in the ultrastructure of the cells. We have proven that polystyrene nanoparticles can be cytotoxic to human gastrointestinal cells and this effect is enhanced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol P Steckiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Adamska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Narajczyk
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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15
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Islam Z, Islam J, Tony SR, Anjum A, Ferdous R, Roy AK, Hossain S, Salam KA, Nikkon F, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Mulberry leaves juice attenuates arsenic-induced neurobehavioral and hepatic disorders in mice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:4360-4370. [PMID: 36514774 PMCID: PMC9731539 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) poisoning has caused an environmental catastrophe in Bangladesh as millions of people are exposed to As-contaminated drinking water. Chronic As-exposure causes depression, memory impairment, and liver injury in experimental animals. This study was carried out to assess the protective effect of mulberry leaves juice (Mul) against As-induced neurobehavioral and hepatic dysfunctions in Swiss albino mice. As-exposed mice spent significantly reduced time in open arms and increased time spent in closed arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, whereas they took significantly longer time to find the hidden platform in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and spent significantly less time in the desired quadrant when compared to the control mice. A significant reduction in serum BChE activity, an indicator of As-induced neurotoxicity-associated behavioral changes, was noted in As-exposed mice compared to control mice. Supplementation of Mul to As-exposed mice significantly increased serum BChE activity, increased the time spent in open arms and reduced time latency to find the hidden platform, and stayed more time in the target quadrant in EPM and MWM tests, respectively, compared to As-exposed-only mice. Also, a significantly reduced activity of BChE, AChE, SOD, and GSH in brain, and elevated ALP, AST, and ALT activities in serum were noted in As-exposed mice when compared to control mice. Mul supplementation significantly restored the activity of these enzymes and also recovered As-induced alterations in hepatic tissue in As-exposed mice. In conclusion, this study suggested that mulberry leaves juice attenuates As-induced neurobehavioral and hepatic dysfunction in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohurul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Jahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Selim Reza Tony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversityTangailBangladesh
| | - Rafia Ferdous
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Apurba Kumar Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering & BiotechnologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Shakhawoat Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Kazi Abdus Salam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of RajshahiRajshahiBangladesh
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16
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Flora SJS, Jain K, Panghal A, Patwa J. Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid: A Chelating Agent for Chronic Metal Poisoning. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1701-1719. [PMID: 35972774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic, a metalloid, is known to cause deleterious effects in various body organs, particularly the liver, urinary bladder, and brain, and these effects are primarily mediated through oxidative stress. Chelation therapy has been considered one of the promising medical treatments for arsenic poisoning. Meso 2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been recognized as one of the most effective chelating drugs to treat arsenic poisoning. However, the drug is compromised with a number of shortcomings, including the inability to treat chronic arsenic poisoning due to its extracellular distribution. Monoisoamyl 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, one of the analogues of meso 2,3-dimeraptosuccinic acid (DMSA), is a lipophilic chelator and has shown promise to be considered as a potential future chelating agent/antidote not only for arsenic but also for a few other heavy metals like lead, mercury, cadmium, and gallium arsenide. The results from numerous studies carried out in the recent past, mainly from our group, strongly support the clinical application of MiADMSA. This review paper summarizes most of the scientific details including the chemistry, pharmacology, and safety profile of MiADMSA. The efficacy of MiADMSA mainly against arsenic toxicity but also a few other heavy metals was also discussed. We also reviewed a few other strategies in order to achieve the optimum effects of MiADMSA, like combination therapy using two chelating agents or coadministration of a natural and synthetic antioxidant (including phytomedicine) along with MiADMSA for treatment of metal/metalloid poisoning. We also briefly discussed the use of nanotechnology (nano form of MiADMSA i.e. nano-MiADMSA) and compared it with bulk MiADMSA. All these strategies have been shown to be beneficial in getting more pronounced therapeutic efficacy of MiADMSA, as an adjuvant or as a complementary agent, by significantly increasing the chelating efficacy of MiADMSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaran J S Flora
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India.,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Keerti Jain
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Archna Panghal
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Jayant Patwa
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
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17
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Khan H, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Significance of Inflammation and Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Death in Rat, Co-treated with Arsenic and Fluoride. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:3227-3235. [PMID: 34850329 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Health effects elicited by combined environmental exposures to xenobiotics, in many instances, still remain unresolved. One of these examples is the combined toxicity of arsenic and fluoride. The present study was undertaken to delineate the role of inflammation and apoptosis in hepatocellular death caused by co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride in rat. Sodium arsenate (4 mg/kg body weight) and sodium fluoride (4 mg/kg body weight) were administered to female Wistar rats, individually and in combination, for 90 days. Results on tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and comet assay showed increased values in comparison to those obtained in arsenic- or fluoride-treated rats. Results on NO, TBARS, and caspase-9 showed higher values than fluoride-treated rats but lower levels than arsenic-treated rats. It is hypothesized that increased generation of nitric oxide induces the release of cytokines that activates caspase-9. Caspase-9 promotes the synthesis of caspase-3 that executes apoptosis. Histopathological observations on apoptotic bodies and Kupffer cells support these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Khan
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - S V S Rana
- Department of Toxicology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India.
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18
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Aydin Y, Orta-Yilmaz B. Synergistic effects of arsenic and fluoride on oxidative stress and apoptotic pathway in Leydig and Sertoli cells. Toxicology 2022; 475:153241. [PMID: 35714946 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive intake of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F), which are present in underground drinking water, have adverse effects on human health, and especially on the male reproductive system. In this regard, it's critical to figure out how As and F affect Leydig and Sertoli cells, which are key cells in the male reproductive system. The goal of this study was to determine the synergistic effects of co-exposure of As and F, via drinking water, on Leydig and Sertoli cells, which are models for the male reproductive system, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects in terms of oxidative damage and apoptosis. Leydig and Sertoli cells were exposed to concentrations of 7.7 µM (0.57 ppm) As and 0.4 mM (7.24 ppm) F based on the highest daily intake of drinking water for 24 h. The present results revealed that As and/or F treatment reduced cell viability and proliferation in Leydig and Sertoli cells, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, a cytotoxicity marker, and triggered oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, it has been proven that when As and F are exposed in combination, they have a synergistic effect. In conclusion, by revealing the harmful effects of As and F on Leydig and Sertoli cells, and thus on male infertility, it is possible to reduce As and F exposure to prevent infertility after exposure to these molecules not only separately but also together. It will be considered to determine new action and action plans to reduce As and F exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Aydin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Banu Orta-Yilmaz
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Banna HU, Anjum A, Biswas S, Mondal V, Siddique AE, Roy AK, Nikkon F, Haque A, Himeno S, Salam KA, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Parental Lead Exposure Promotes Neurobehavioral Disorders and Hepatic Dysfunction in Mouse Offspring. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1171-1180. [PMID: 33830404 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) induces neurotoxicity in both children and adults. Children are more vulnerable to Pb toxicity than adults. Little is known about the effects of Pb on the mental health of the children who are prenatally exposed. Therefore, we designed an animal experiment to compare the adverse effects of Pb on neurobehavioral and hepatic functions between Pb-exposed (Pb mice) and parental Pb-exposed (P-Pb mice) group mice. Mice were treated with Pb-acetate (10 mg/kg bodyweight/day) via drinking water. Male mice from unexposed parents treated with Pb for 90 days were defined as Pb mice, whereas male mice from Pb-exposed parents treated with Pb for further 90 days were defined as P-Pb mice. Anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory and learning were assessed by elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Serum hepatic enzyme activities and butyrylcholinesterase activity were measured by an analyzer. P-Pb mice displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and memory and learning impairments compared to Pb mice. BChE activity was significantly decreased in P-Pb mice compared to Pb mice. Pb levels in the brains of P-Pb mice were significantly higher than those of Pb mice. The activities of serum hepatic enzymes of P-Pb mice were also higher than those of Pb mice. Additionally, histopathology data revealed that hepatic tissue injury was more pronounced in P-Pb mice than in Pb mice. Thus, the results suggest that persistent exposure to Pb from fetus to adult causes more severe neurobehavioral changes and hepatic toxicities than adult exposure only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ul Banna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Sheta Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Victor Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Eabrahim Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Apurba Kumar Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kazi Abdus Salam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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20
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Rebuzzini P, Civello C, Fassina L, Zuccotti M, Garagna S. Functional and structural phenotyping of cardiomyocytes in the 3D organization of embryoid bodies exposed to arsenic trioxide. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23116. [PMID: 34848780 PMCID: PMC8633008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental pollutants threatens human health. Arsenic, a world-wide diffused toxicant, is associated to cardiac pathology in the adult and to congenital heart defects in the foetus. Poorly known are its effects on perinatal cardiomyocytes. Here, bioinformatic image-analysis tools were coupled with cellular and molecular analyses to obtain functional and structural quantitative metrics of the impairment induced by 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 µM arsenic trioxide exposure on the perinatal-like cardiomyocyte component of mouse embryoid bodies, within their 3D complex cell organization. With this approach, we quantified alterations to the (a) beating activity; (b) sarcomere organization (texture, edge, repetitiveness, height and width of the Z bands); (c) cardiomyocyte size and shape; (d) volume occupied by cardiomyocytes within the EBs. Sarcomere organization and cell morphology impairment are paralleled by differential expression of sarcomeric α-actin and Tropomyosin proteins and of acta2, myh6 and myh7 genes. Also, significant increase of Cx40, Cx43 and Cx45 connexin genes and of Cx43 protein expression profiles is paralleled by large Cx43 immunofluorescence signals. These results provide new insights into the role of arsenic in impairing cytoskeletal components of perinatal-like cardiomyocytes which, in turn, affect cell size, shape and beating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rebuzzini
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Civello
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fassina
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering (DIII), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, Pavia, Italy.,Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zuccotti
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Garagna
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy. .,Centre for Health Technologies (CHT), University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 5, Pavia, Italy.
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21
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Recent advances in cellular effects of fluoride: an update on its signalling pathway and targeted therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5661-5673. [PMID: 34254226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride is a natural element essential in minute quantities in human's to maintain dental and skeletal health. However, the disease fluorosis manifests itself due to excessive fluoride intake mostly through drinking water and sometimes through food. At the cellular energetics level, fluoride is a known inhibitor of glycolysis. At the tissue level, the effect of fluoride has been more pronounced in the musculoskeletal systems due to its ability to retain fluoride. Fluoride alters dentinogenesis, thereby affecting the tooth enamel formation. In bones, fluoride alters the osteogenesis by replacing calcium, thus resulting in bone deformities. In skeletal muscles, high concentration and long term exposure to fluoride causes loss of muscle proteins leading to atrophy. Although fluorosis is quite a familiar problem, the exact molecular pathway is not yet clear. Extensive research on the effects of fluoride on various organs and its toxicity was reported. Indeed, it is clear that high and chronic exposure to fluoride causes cellular apoptosis. Accordingly, in this review, we have highlighted fluoride-mediated apoptosis via two vital pathways, mitochondrial-mediated and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. This review also elaborates on new cellular energetic, apoptotic pathways and therapeutic strategies targeted to treat fluorosis.
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22
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Mondal P, Shaw P, Dey Bhowmik A, Bandyopadhyay A, Sudarshan M, Chakraborty A, Chattopadhyay A. Combined effect of arsenic and fluoride at environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) brain: Alterations in stress marker and apoptotic gene expression. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128678. [PMID: 33127104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic and fluoride are two naturally occurring toxicants to which various organisms including a major part of the human populations are co-exposed to. However, interactions between them inside body are quite complicated and needs proper evaluation. Inconclusive reports regarding their combined effects on brain prompted us to conduct this study where we investigated their individual as well as combined effects on female zebrafish brain at environmentally relevant concentrations (50 μgL-1 arsenic trioxide and 15 mgL-1 sodium fluoride) after different time intervals (15, 30 and 60 days). Persistent near-basal level of GSH, least increased MDA content and catalase activity portrayed arsenic and fluoride co-exposure as less toxic which was corroborated with far less damage caused in the histoarchitecture of optic tectum region in midbrain. Stress-responsive genes viz., Nrf2 and Hsp70 were overexpressed after individual as well as combined exposures, indicating a common cellular response to combat the formed oxidative stresses. Biphasic response of AChE upon individual exposure confirmed their neurotoxic effects too. Expression profile of p53 (unaltered), Bax (lower or near-basal) and Bcl2 (comparatively higher), along with absence of DNA fragmentation indicated no induction of apoptosis in the co-exposed group. Tissue accumulation of arsenic and fluoride was significantly less in the brain of co-exposed zebrafish when compared to their individual exposures. This preliminary study indicates an antagonistic effect of these two toxicants in zebrafish brain and needs further studies involving oxidative stress independent markers to understand the detailed molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Shaw
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpan Dey Bhowmik
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Muthammal Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700098, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700098, India
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23
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Nyangi MJ, Chebude Y, Kilulya KF, Andrew M. Simultaneous removal of fluoride and arsenic from water by hybrid Al-Fe electrocoagulation: process optimization through surface response method. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1837877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magori J. Nyangi
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Water Management, The Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Water Resources, Water Institute, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yonas Chebude
- Africa Centre of Excellence for Water Management, The Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kessy F. Kilulya
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, the University of Dar Ss Salaam, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Minu Andrew
- Department of Research and Innovation, Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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24
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Dong N, Feng J, Xie J, Tian X, Li M, Liu P, Zhao Y, Wei C, Gao Y, Li B, Qiu Y, Yan X. Co-exposure to Arsenic-Fluoride Results in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis Through the PERK Signaling Pathway in the Liver of Offspring Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:192-201. [PMID: 31768761 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic and fluoride are two of the major groundwater pollutants. To better understand the liver damage induced during development, 24 male rats exposed to fluoride (F), arsenic (As), and their combination (As + F) from the prenatal stage to 90 days after birth were selected for analysis. Histopathological results showed vacuolar degeneration in the As and As + F groups. Compared to those in the control group, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly increased in the combined group. Catalase activity significantly decreased in the treatment groups compared to that in the controls, and the malondialdehyde content in the As and As + F groups was significantly higher than those in the control group. We further evaluated whether this damage is linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress and its related pathways. The mRNA expression levels of PERK, GRP78, EIF2α, ATF4, and CHOP as well as the protein levels of CHOP was significantly increased in the As + F group compared with the control group. These results demonstrate that As, F, and their combination could lead to liver function damage and reduce the antioxidant capacity of the liver to cause oxidative damage to tissues. Moreover, the combination of As and F triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in liver cells by activating the PERK pathway in the unfolded protein response. As and F seem to have different independent effects, whereas their combination resulted in more severe effects overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Human Disease Animal Models, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Human Disease Animal Models, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Cailing Wei
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Gao
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ben Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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25
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Liu Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Guo M, Mu M, Xing M. Arsenic (III) and/or copper (II) induces oxidative stress in chicken brain and subsequent effects on mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 211:111201. [PMID: 32805460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As two quite complicated substances, arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) have polluted to the environment. As is highly toxic and could cause nerve damage. Cu is involved in the occurrence of oxidative stress. The brain is one of the main target organs of heavy metal toxicity, but the damage mechanism activated by As and/or Cu in the chicken brain has not been precisely researched. This study is designed to analyze the nervous system damage induced by As and/or Cu exposure from both structural and molecular levels. Under the As and/or Cu stress, local hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltration and mitochondrial damage were observed. Enzymes and non-enzyme antioxidants clearly show that the redox balance is deviated gradually. The results of real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting revealed that there may be a cascading effect between oxidative stress and disruption of mitochondrial dynamics, the key protein of mitochondrial fusion has decreased and the fission protein has increased. The superposition of these two types of damage may activate the celluar autophagy pathway, the up-regulation of autophagy related genes (ATGs) levels could be observed. All data indicated that excessive As and/or Cu in the environment may pose a threat to the nervous system of poultry. These findings have neurophysiological meaning for exploring cross-contamination of As and Cu in the environment, and offering precautions to economic losses and negative effects on the health of animals and humans. In addition, it provides a reference for feed preparation and environmental protection in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mengyao Mu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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26
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Guth S, Hüser S, Roth A, Degen G, Diel P, Edlund K, Eisenbrand G, Engel KH, Epe B, Grune T, Heinz V, Henle T, Humpf HU, Jäger H, Joost HG, Kulling SE, Lampen A, Mally A, Marchan R, Marko D, Mühle E, Nitsche MA, Röhrdanz E, Stadler R, van Thriel C, Vieths S, Vogel RF, Wascher E, Watzl C, Nöthlings U, Hengstler JG. Toxicity of fluoride: critical evaluation of evidence for human developmental neurotoxicity in epidemiological studies, animal experiments and in vitro analyses. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1375-1415. [PMID: 32382957 PMCID: PMC7261729 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02725-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, epidemiological studies have suggested that fluoride is a human developmental neurotoxicant that reduces measures of intelligence in children, placing it into the same category as toxic metals (lead, methylmercury, arsenic) and polychlorinated biphenyls. If true, this assessment would be highly relevant considering the widespread fluoridation of drinking water and the worldwide use of fluoride in oral hygiene products such as toothpaste. To gain a deeper understanding of these assertions, we reviewed the levels of human exposure, as well as results from animal experiments, particularly focusing on developmental toxicity, and the molecular mechanisms by which fluoride can cause adverse effects. Moreover, in vitro studies investigating fluoride in neuronal cells and precursor/stem cells were analyzed, and 23 epidemiological studies published since 2012 were considered. The results show that the margin of exposure (MoE) between no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) in animal studies and the current adequate intake (AI) of fluoride (50 µg/kg b.w./day) in humans ranges between 50 and 210, depending on the specific animal experiment used as reference. Even for unusually high fluoride exposure levels, an MoE of at least ten was obtained. Furthermore, concentrations of fluoride in human plasma are much lower than fluoride concentrations, causing effects in cell cultures. In contrast, 21 of 23 recent epidemiological studies report an association between high fluoride exposure and reduced intelligence. The discrepancy between experimental and epidemiological evidence may be reconciled with deficiencies inherent in most of these epidemiological studies on a putative association between fluoride and intelligence, especially with respect to adequate consideration of potential confounding factors, e.g., socioeconomic status, residence, breast feeding, low birth weight, maternal intelligence, and exposure to other neurotoxic chemicals. In conclusion, based on the totality of currently available scientific evidence, the present review does not support the presumption that fluoride should be assessed as a human developmental neurotoxicant at the current exposure levels in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Guth
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hüser
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Gisela Degen
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Engel
- Department of General Food Technology, School of Life Sciences, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Volker Heinz
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL), Quakenbrück, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Department of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henry Jäger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Marchan
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Mühle
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Elke Röhrdanz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard Stadler
- Institute of Food Safety and Analytic Sciences, Nestlé Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph van Thriel
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Rudi F Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, TU Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department of Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ute Nöthlings
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan G Hengstler
- Department of Toxicology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany.
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27
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Biswas S, Banna HU, Jahan M, Anjum A, Siddique AE, Roy A, Nikkon F, Salam KA, Haque A, Himeno S, Hossain K, Saud ZA. In vivo evaluation of arsenic-associated behavioral and biochemical alterations in F 0 and F 1 mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125619. [PMID: 31846792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contaminated with arsenic (As) is the biggest threat to public health in Bangladesh. The children of As-exposure parents are also exposing to As through drinking water. The effects of As on the children's health of As-exposure parents are poorly understood. An animal study was taken to evaluate the effects of As on behavioral and biochemical changes in F1 mice. Swiss albino mice were separated into three groups: a) control, b) As-treated F0 and c) As-treated F1. Elevated plus maze and Morris water maze tests were used for evaluating anxiety, spatial memory and learning, respectively. We found that the effect of As on anxiety like behavior, spatial memory and learning impairment in As-treated F1 mice was significantly higher than that of As-treated F0 mice and control group. Additionally, we also evaluated the effects of As on biochemical parameters by measuring ALT, AST, ALP, BChE, SOD activities and the level of creatinine in As-induced mice, where we found that all of the blood parameters were significantly changed in F1 generation. A significant portion of As accumulated in the brain, liver and kidney of F1 mice than F0 mice. Histological analysis revealed a significant change in tissue damage related to hepatic and renal dysfunctions that might be associated with As-induced biochemical alterations. In conclusion, arsenic plays an important role for the development of As-associated neurological disorders, hepatic toxicities, and renal dysfunctions in both F0 and F1 generations. Notably F1 mice were much more vulnerable to As-exposure than F0 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheta Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Ul Banna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Momotaj Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Eabrahim Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Apurba Roy
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Abdus Salam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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28
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Abstract
Although actively disputed and questioned, it has been proposed that chronic exposure to inorganic fluoride (F-) is toxic for brain. The major question for this review was whether an excessive F- intake is causally related to adverse neurological and cognitive health conditions in human beings and animals. The paper systematically and critically summarizes the findings of the studies showing positive associations between F- intoxication and various intellectual defects, as well as of those which attempted to clarify the nature of F- neurotoxicity. Many works provide support for a link between pre- and postnatal F- exposure and structural and functional changes in the central nervous system responsible for neurological and cognitive disorders. The mechanisms suggested to underlie F- neurotoxicity include the disturbances in synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, premature death of neurons, altered activities of components of intracellular signaling cascades, impaired protein synthesis, deficit of neurotrophic and transcriptional factors, oxidative stress, metabolic changes, inflammatory processes. However, the majority of works have been performed on laboratory rodents using such F- doses which are never exist in the nature even in the regions of endemic fluorosis. Thus, this kind of treatment is hardly comparable with human exposure even taking into account the higher rate of F- clearance in animals. Of special importance are the data collected on humans chronically consuming excessive F- doses in the regions of endemic fluorosis or contacting with toxic F- compounds at industrial sites, but those works are scarce and often criticized due to low quality. New, expertly performed studies with repeated exposure assessment in independent populations are needed to prove an ability of F- to impair neurological and intellectual development of human beings and to understand the molecular mechanisms implicated in F--induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - O V Nadei
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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29
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Mondal P, Chattopadhyay A. Environmental exposure of arsenic and fluoride and their combined toxicity: A recent update. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 40:552-566. [PMID: 31867774 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) in the recent year has been increased because of excessive use of naturally contaminated ground water. Surface water is also regularly contaminated with these elements in various industrial areas. Arsenicosis and fluorosis upon individual exposure of As and F are reported in many studies. A syndrome of endemic As poisoning and fluorosis occurs during concurrent exposure of As and F. Previous reports showed synergistic, antagonistic and independent effects of these two compounds, although few recent reports also revealed antagonistic effects after co-exposure. Interaction during intestinal absorption and influence of F on As metabolism might be the cause of antagonism. The synergism/antagonism is thought to depend on the dose and duration of the co-exposure. However, the detailed mechanism is still not fully understood and needs further studies. Removal technologies of As and F from contaminated water is available but removal of such contaminants from food is yet to be developed. Antioxidants are useful to mitigate the toxic effects of As and F. This review focused on the effect of co-exposure, amelioration as well as removal techniques of As and F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
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30
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Yadav KK, Kumar S, Pham QB, Gupta N, Rezania S, Kamyab H, Yadav S, Vymazal J, Kumar V, Tri DQ, Talaiekhozani A, Prasad S, Reece LM, Singh N, Maurya PK, Cho J. Fluoride contamination, health problems and remediation methods in Asian groundwater: A comprehensive review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109362. [PMID: 31254856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In low concentration, fluoride is considered a necessary compound for human health. Exposure to high concentrations of fluoride is the reason for a serious disease called fluorosis. Fluorosis is categorized as Skeletal and Dental fluorosis. Several Asian countries, such as India, face contamination of water resources with fluoride. In this study, a comprehensive overview on fluoride contamination in Asian water resources has been presented. Since water contamination with fluoride in India is higher than other Asian countries, a separate section was dedicated to review published articles on fluoride contamination in this country. The status of health effects in Asian countries was another topic that was reviewed in this study. The effects of fluoride on human organs/systems such as urinary, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, brain, and reproductive systems were another topic that was reviewed in this study. Different methods to remove fluoride from water such as reverse osmosis, electrocoagulation, nanofiltration, adsorption, ion-exchange and precipitation/coagulation were introduced in this study. Although several studies have been carried out on contamination of water resources with fluoride, the situation of water contamination with fluoride and newly developed technology to remove fluoride from water in Asian countries has not been reviewed. Therefore, this review is focused on these issues: 1) The status of fluoride contamination in Asian countries, 2) health effects of fluoride contamination in drinking water in Asia, and 3) the existing current technologies for defluoridation in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Quoc Bao Pham
- Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Neha Gupta
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Shalini Yadav
- Department of Civil Engineering Rabindranath Tagore University Raisen, Madhya Prades, India
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 21 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vinit Kumar
- Institute of Environment and Development Studies, Bundelkhand University, Kanpur Road, Jhansi, 284128, India
| | - Doan Quang Tri
- Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | | | - Shiv Prasad
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Lisa M Reece
- Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Neeraja Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Maurya
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangari Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jinwoo Cho
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
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31
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Tian X, Feng J, Dong N, Lyu Y, Wei C, Li B, Ma Y, Xie J, Qiu Y, Song G, Ren X, Yan X. Subchronic exposure to arsenite and fluoride from gestation to puberty induces oxidative stress and disrupts ultrastructure in the kidneys of rat offspring. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1229-1237. [PMID: 31412519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Underground drinking water is commonly contaminated with arsenite (As) and fluoride (F) associated with chronic kidney diseases in humans; however, the combined renal toxicity of these pollutants and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction between As and F regarding toxic effects on the kidney of rat offspring exposed to pollutants during prenatal and postnatal development. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups that received NaAsO2 (50 mg/L), NaF (100 mg/L), NaAsO2 (50 mg/L) and NaF (100 mg/L) in drinking water, or clean water, respectively, during gestation and lactation. After weaning, six male pups were randomly selected from each group and continued on the same treatment as their mothers for up to three months. The results revealed that subchronic exposure to high-dose As and/or F decreased the organ coefficient of the kidneys and disrupted kidney ultrastructure, moreover inhibited the activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased the generation of malondialdehyde in the kidney. As exposure alone or combined with F led to an upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and its regulatory targets (Ho-1, Gclc, and Nqo1), whereas the effect of F alone was not significant. These results suggest that the renal toxicity of As and F is associated with the induction of mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, and alters the expression of Nrf2 and its regulatory targets. Furthermore, variance analysis results showed that an interaction between As and F in the toxicity process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Tian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Human Disease Animal Models, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Human Disease Animal Models, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Nisha Dong
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yi Lyu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Cailing Wei
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Ben Li
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yanqin Ma
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Guohua Song
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Human Disease Animal Models, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China.
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Biswas S, Anjum A, Banna HU, Rahman M, Siddique AE, Karim Y, Nikkon F, Haque A, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Manganese attenuates the effects of arsenic on neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in mice co-exposed to arsenic and manganese. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29257-29266. [PMID: 31396869 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An unsafe level of manganese (Mn) was detected in the drinking water in some arsenic (As)-contaminated areas in Bangladesh. Mn is an essential trace element; however, the intake of a higher level of Mn through the drinking water is associated with the development of toxicity in humans. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of As and Mn co-exposure on neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in a mouse model. Sodium arsenite (10 mg/kg body weight) and manganese chloride tetrahydrate (10 mg/kg body weight) were given to mice individually and in combination with drinking water for 90 days. Results showed that individual As and Mn exposure as well as co-exposure of As and Mn significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the percent of time spent in the open arms when compared with that of control mice. In addition, percent of time spent in open arms significantly (p < 0.05) increased in co-exposed mice compared with As exposure in elevated plus maze (42.05 ± 1.10 versus 38.94 ± 0.66). In the Morris water maze test, the mean time latency to find the platform was longer in metal-treated mice in comparison to that of control mice (p < 0.05). Importantly, the co-exposed group had shorter time when compared with the As-exposed group during the training periods (p < 0.05). Moreover, co-exposed mice stayed significantly (p < 0.05) more time in the target quadrant in the probe trial in comparison with that of As-exposed mice (27.25 ± 1.21 versus 23.83 ± 0.87 s) but less time than control mice (27.25 ± 1.21 versus 43.17 ± 1.49 s). In addition, a significant (p < 0.05) alteration of biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, ALP, BChE, and SOD as well as urea and creatinine levels were noted in the As-exposed group compared with the control group and Mn significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated the effects of As in co-exposed mice. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that As and Mn may have some antagonistic effect and Mn could attenuate the As-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical alterations in co-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheta Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Adiba Anjum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Ul Banna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Eabrahim Siddique
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasir Karim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Assessment of the Use of Epicarp and Mesocarp of Green Coconut for Removal of Fluoride Ions in Aqueous Solution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/7163812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fruit consumption and processing result in considerable volumes of residual biomass. Transformation of this biomass into biosorbents offers an alternative for its reuse and disposal. As the green coconut shell is a waste often discarded in landfills and dumps, generating gases and leachate, two biosorbents were developed from the epicarp and mesocarp of green coconut to adsorb fluoride ions in aqueous solution. The kinetic experiments showed that sorption of fluoride ions reached equilibrium at 300 min for both epicarp and mesocarp at temperatures of 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C. The removal efficiency of fluoride ions varied from 66.25% (at 25°C) to 77.50% (at 45°C) for the epicarp and from 90% (at 25°C) to 97.50% (at 45°C) for the mesocarp. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption process showed that adsorption is a spontaneous, endothermic process for both biosorbents. The adsorption was classified as chemical, with the Langmuir isotherm model best suited to the adsorption isotherms data.
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Wang C, Ning Z, Wan F, Huang R, Chao L, Kang Z, Yang F, Zhong G, Li Y, Pan J, Tang Z, Hu L. Characterization of the cellular effects and mechanism of arsenic trioxide-induced hepatotoxicity in broiler chickens. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 61:104629. [PMID: 31442540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the cellular effects and mechanism of arsenic trioxide (ATO)-induced hepatotoxicity in broiler chickens, increasing concentrations of ATO (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 μM) were added to chicken hepatocyte cultures in vitro. The changes in hepatocyte morphology, oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The effects of ATO on mRNA or protein expression of antioxidant enzymes, especially methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr), were analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blotting assays. Increased apoptosis were concomitant with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) with increasing ATO concentrations. Moreover, G1 phase arrest and dysregulation of the balance between antiapoptotic versus proapoptotic factors were noted. Furthermore, upregulation of HO-1, SOD-1, and TRX in the ATO groups were consistent with ATO-induced oxidative damage. High Msr, SOD-1, TRX, Bak1, Bax, and p53 protein levels in the ATO groups indicate that these proteins may have accumulated to counter ATO-induced oxidative stress. ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) could reverse ATO-induced oxidative damage and restore hepatocyte viability, even with compromised Msr function. Our findings suggest that Msr can protect broiler hepatocytes against ATO-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, NAC-mediated reversal of oxidative damage may represent a strategy to mitigate potential economic losses associated with arsenic poisoning in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fang Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Limin Chao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenlong Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gaolong Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Mondal P, Shaw P, Bandyopadhyay A, Dey Bhowmik A, Chakraborty A, Sudarshan M, Chattopadhyay A. Mixture effect of arsenic and fluoride at environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver: Expression pattern of Nrf2 and related xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105219. [PMID: 31195325 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is a crucial transcription factor that regulates the expression of cytoprotective enzymes and controls cellular redox homeostasis. Both arsenic and fluoride are potent toxicants that are known to induce Nrf2. They are reported to coexist in many areas of the world leading to complex mixture effects in exposed organisms. The present study investigated the expression of Nrf2 and related xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes along with other stress markers such as histopathological alterations, catalase activity, reduced glutathione content and lipid peroxidation in zebrafish liver as a function of combined exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of arsenic (37.87 μgL-1 or 5.05 × 10-7 M) and fluoride (6.8 mg L-1 or 3.57 × 10-4 M) for 60 days. The decrease in the total reduced glutathione level was evident in all treatment conditions. Hyperactivity of catalase along with conspicuous elevation in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde content and histo-architectural anomalies signified the presence of oxidative stress in the treatment groups. Nrf2 was seen to be induced at both transcriptional and translational levels in case of both individual and co-exposure. The same pattern was observed in case of its nuclear translocation also. From the results of qRT-PCR it was evident that at each time point co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride seemed to alter the gene expression of Cu/Zn Sod, Mn Sod, Gpx and Nqo1 just like their individual exposure but at a very low magnitude. In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time the differential expression and activity of Nrf2 and other stress response genes in the zebrafish liver following individual and combined exposure to arsenic and fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pallab Shaw
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Arpan Dey Bhowmik
- Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700098, West Bengal, India
| | - Muthammal Sudarshan
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, 3/LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, 700098, West Bengal, India
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Mittal M, Chatterjee S, Flora SJS. Combination therapy with vitamin C and DMSA for arsenic-fluoride co-exposure in rats. Metallomics 2019; 10:1291-1306. [PMID: 30140832 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00192h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arsenic and fluoride are recognized globally as the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water. As there is no safe and effective treatment for the cases of fluoride poisoning and combined arsenic-fluoride toxicity, the present study was planned to assess (i) the mechanism of combined exposure to arsenic and fluoride via biochemical and spectroscopic data; (ii) the effect of a thiol chelating agent, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), either individually or in combination with the antioxidant vitamin C in reversing arsenic-fluoride toxicity; and (iii) whether combination therapy enhances arsenic and fluoride removal from blood and soft tissues. METHODS Rats were exposed to arsenic (50 mg l-1) and fluoride (50 mg l-1) individually and in combination for 9 months and later administered DMSA (50 mg kg-1) via an i.p. route and vitamin C (25 mg kg-1) orally for 5 days. Biochemical parameters suggestive of alterations in the heme synthesis pathway, oxidative stress in blood, the liver and the kidneys, and concentrations of arsenic and fluoride in blood and soft tissues were studied. We also studied the infrared (IR) spectra of DNA extracted from the livers and kidneys of the normal and exposed animals. RESULTS It was found that chronic arsenic and fluoride exposure led to an increased oxidative stress condition and impaired heme synthesis (67% inhibition in δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and 38% increase in δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity). The decreased antioxidant defense mechanism was marked by a 2.25 fold increased concentration of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and a 28% decrease in the Glutathione (GSH) level. Interestingly, concomitant exposure to arsenic and fluoride did not lead to antagonistic effects as the toxic effects were the same as those seen during the individual exposure to both the toxicants. It suggests that toxicity depends on the dose and duration of exposure. Combination therapy with DMSA and vitamin C showed a better efficacy than monotherapy in terms of reducing the arsenic and fluoride burden (more than 70% in blood and soft tissues) as well as reversal in the altered biochemical variables indicative of oxidative stress and tissue damage (80-85%). The infrared (IR) spectra of DNA isolated from the liver and kidneys suggested that the treatment with vitamin C and DMSA had no beneficial effects in terms of reversing DNA damage. CONCLUSION On the basis of the above observations, we suggest that the combinational therapy of DMSA and vitamin C would be more effective in arsenic and/or fluoride toxicity; however, more detailed studies are required to address recoveries in DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Mittal
- Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior-474002, India
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Black berry juice attenuates neurological disorders and oxidative stress associated with concurrent exposure of aluminum and fluoride in male rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbas.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dec K, Łukomska A, Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Pilutin A, Maciejewska D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Derkacz R, Goschorska M, Wąsik A, Rębacz-Maron E, Gutowska I. Pre-and postnatal exposition to fluorides induce changes in rats liver morphology by impairment of antioxidant defense mechanisms and COX induction. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 211:112-119. [PMID: 30071422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fluorides are common in the environment and are absorbed mostly in the stomach and gut, it can easily move through cell membranes and its accumulation can cause harmful effects in skeletal and soft tissues. One of the most important F- accumulation sites is the liver. The aim of this study was to determine whether F- can cause inflammation in rat liver by affecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and changes in the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vivo model of prenatal and postnatal exposure to sodium fluoride (NaF) was used to carry out the experiment. Animals from control group received tap water to drink, while animals exposed to F- received drinking water containing NaF, 50 mg/L. In serum and liver we analyzed F- concentration, in liver - antioxidant enzymes activity, PGE2 and TXB2 concentration and immunolocalization of COX1 and COX2 proteins were measured. RESULTS We observed significant changes in F- concentration only in liver. The results of this study showed that F- affects antioxidant enzymes activity, COX2 protein expression and PGE2 synthesis in liver. Also, in some regions of the liver of rats exposed to F-, the hepatocytes were diffusely altered, with changes resembling microvesicular steatosis. CONCLUSION Chronic exposure to F- during development causes an accumulation of this element in the liver and changes in antioxidant enzymes activity and cyclooxygenase expression. Long term exposure to this element is toxic to the liver and can cause disturbances in its homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dec
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 70-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - I Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - D Maciejewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 70-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - K Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 70-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - R Derkacz
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 70-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - M Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 av., 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - A Wąsik
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Akademy of Sciences, Smętna 12 Str, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - E Rębacz-Maron
- University of Szczecin, Department of Vertebrate Zoology and Anthropology, Institute for Research on Biodiversity, Faculty of Biology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13 St., 71-415, Szczecin, Poland
| | - I Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24 Str., 70-460, Szczecin, Poland.
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Chandravanshi LP, Gupta R, Shukla RK. Developmental Neurotoxicity of Arsenic: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Functions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 186:185-198. [PMID: 29502250 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been an increased concern about the health risks from exposure to arsenic at low doses, because of their neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. The exact mechanism underlying arsenic-induced neurotoxicity during sensitive periods of brain development remains unclear, although enhanced oxidative stresses, leading to mitochondrial dysfunctions might be involved. Here, we highlight the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress which leads to mitochondrial dysfunctions and apoptosis in arsenic-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Here, the administration of sodium arsenite at doses of 2 or 4 mg/kg body weight in female rats from gestational to lactational (GD6-PD21) resulted to increased ROS, led to oxidative stress, and increased the apoptosis in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and corpus striatum of developing rats on PD22, compared to controls. Enhanced levels of ROS were associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and the activity of mitochondrial complexes, and hampered antioxidant levels. Further, neuronal apoptosis, as measured by changes in the expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax, Caspase-3), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2), and stress marker proteins (p-p38, pJNK) in arsenic-exposed rats, was discussed. The severities of changes were found to more persist in the corpus striatum than in other brain regions of arsenic-exposed rats even after the withdrawal of exposure on PD45 as compared to controls. Therefore, our results indicate that perinatal arsenic exposure leads to abrupt changes in ROS, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial functions and that apoptotic factor in different brain regions of rats might contribute to this arsenic-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit P Chandravanshi
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India.
| | - Richa Gupta
- Developmental Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Post Box No. 80, MG Marg, Lucknow, 226 001, India
| | - Rajendra K Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Mónaco NM, Bartos M, Dominguez S, Gallegos C, Bras C, Esandi MDC, Bouzat C, Giannuzzi L, Minetti A, Gumilar F. Low arsenic concentrations impair memory in rat offpring exposed during pregnancy and lactation: Role of α7 nicotinic receptor, glutamate and oxidative stress. Neurotoxicology 2018; 67:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sri Charitha G, Sudhakar K, Reddy KP. Protective Effects of Selenium Against Sodium Fluoride Induced Behavioral, Anti-Oxidant and Neurohistological Alterations in Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13005/bbra/2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride naturally occurs in the earth’s crust and ground water and it causes fluorosis when it is consumed in high levels. The fluorosis also affects soft tissues like liver, kidney, heart, brain etc., in addition to skeletal and dental systems. The present study reports the protective effects of selenium against sodium fluoride induced neurotoxic effects. Three months old (around 250 – 280 g weight) wistar rats were randomly categorized into four groups viz. Group I (control) which received normal tap water, Group II (sodium fluoride, NaF) treated with 20 ppm of fluoride through IP, Group III treated with (NaF 20 ppm) + Selenium (5 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat) and Group IV treated with Selenium (5 mgkg-1 body wt./day/rat) alone. The doses were continued for a period of 15 days and after that they were used for recording behavioral (rota rod, hot plate), anti-oxidant (LPO, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) and histological (Golgi cox staining) observations. The rats treated with NaF showed the decreased motor coordination, thermal pain response, decreased CAT and SOD activity and increased LPO levels and GSH-Px activity with compared to control group. Moreover, NaF received rats also showed the decreased number of dendrites, synaptic connections and neural networks. These all alterations were reversed on administration of selenium towards fluoride toxicity and the results were significant (p<0.01). The results of selenium alone treated group of rats is comparable to control group. Based on these observed results, the present study evidenced the protective role of selenium against fluoride induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorantla Sri Charitha
- Department of Zoology, University college of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad -500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kurmeti Sudhakar
- Department of Zoology, University college of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad -500007, Telangana, India
| | - K. Pratap Reddy
- Department of Zoology, University college of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad -500007, Telangana, India
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Tu W, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Han L, Wang Q, Chen P, Zhang S, Wang A, Zhou X. Fluoride induces apoptosis via inhibiting SIRT1 activity to activate mitochondrial p53 pathway in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:60-69. [PMID: 29609003 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been a great concern about the neurotoxicity of fluoride since it can pass through the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain. It has been suggested that apoptosis plays a vital role in neurotoxicity of fluoride. However, whether p53-mediated apoptotic pathway is involved is still unclear. Our results showed that apoptosis was induced after treatment with 40 and 60 mg/L of NaF for 24 h in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Exposure to 60 mg/L of NaF for 24 h significantly upregulated the levels of p53 and apoptosis-related proteins including PUMA, cytochrome c (cyto c), cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, whereas downregulated Bcl-2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, fluoride increased p53 nuclear translocation, cyto c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm and mitochondrial translocation of Bax in SH-SY5Y cells. Fluoride-induced increases of apoptotic rates and apoptosis-related protein levels were significantly attenuated by inhibiting p53 transcriptional activity with pifithrin-α. In addition, fluoride inhibited the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 and increased p53 (acetyl K382) level in SH-SY5Y cells. Apoptosis and upregulation of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p53 (acetyl K382) induced by fluoride could be ameliorated by SIRT1 overexpression or its activator resveratrol in SH-SY5Y cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that fluoride induces apoptosis by inhibiting the deacetylase activity of SIRT1 to activate mitochondrial p53 pathway in SH-SY5Y cells, which depends on p53 transcriptional activity. Thus, SIRT1 may be a promising target to protect against neurotoxicity induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Lianyong Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Panpan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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Wang C, Liang C, Ma J, Manthari RK, Niu R, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang J. Co-exposure to fluoride and sulfur dioxide on histological alteration and DNA damage in rat brain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
- Medical Experiment Center; Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine; Xianyang Shaanxi 712046 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi 030801 People's Republic of China
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44
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Sharma D, Singh A, Verma K, Paliwal S, Sharma S, Dwivedi J. Fluoride: A review of pre-clinical and clinical studies. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:297-313. [PMID: 29091818 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is ubiquitous in environment and profound in bones, teeth and calcified tissues of human body. Fluoride has been the topic of regular discussion and investigations. Besides its toxicity, fluoride has also been examined for its beneficial effects like prevention and treatment of tooth decay, microbial infection, inflammation, cancer, occurrence of renal stone and many more. Since last many decades, several efforts have been made at pre-clinical and clinical level to understand role of fluoride in biological system. The present review gives a brief account of prevalence, sources of fluoride toxicity and pre-clinical and clinical studies carried out on effects of fluoride in last six decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Aarti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India.
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, India
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45
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Aktar S, Jahan M, Alam S, Mohanto NC, Arefin A, Rahman A, Haque A, Himeno S, Hossain K, Saud ZA. Individual and Combined Effects of Arsenic and Lead on Behavioral and Biochemical Changes in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 177:288-296. [PMID: 27787814 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity has caused an environmental tragedy affecting millions of people in the world. Little is known about the toxic effects of As on neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in vivo. Along this line of metal toxicity, co-exposure of lead (Pb) could aggravate the situation in the host. The present study was designed to explore the combined effects of As and Pb on behavioral changes like anxiety, spatial memory and learning impairment, and blood indices related to organ dysfunction. Exposure of mice to As (10 mg/kg body weight), Pb (10 mg/kg body weight), and As + Pb via drinking water significantly decreased the time spent exploring the open arms while it increased the time spent in the closed arms compared to control mice in the elevated plus maze. The mean latency time of the control group to find the platform decreased significantly during the learning for 7 days compared to all three treated groups in the Morris water maze test, and the As-exposed group spent significantly less time in the desired quadrant as compared to the control group in the probe trial. Both metals posed an anxiety-like behavior and deficits in spatial memory and learning, and also altered blood indices related to liver and kidney dysfunction, and a combined exposure of these metals inhibited the individual accumulation of As and Pb. Taken together, these data suggest that As has more toxic effects on neurobehavioral and biochemical changes than Pb, and there may be antagonism in the effects and accumulation between these two toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Aktar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Momotaj Jahan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnur Alam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Nayan Chandra Mohanto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Afroza Arefin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Seiichiro Himeno
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Khaled Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Zahangir Alam Saud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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46
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Luo Q, Cui H, Deng H, Kuang P, Liu H, Lu Y, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Histopathological findings of renal tissue induced by oxidative stress due to different concentrations of fluoride. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50430-50446. [PMID: 28881573 PMCID: PMC5584147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that excessive intake of fluoride can induce renal lesions. However, its pathogenesis is still less understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate oxidative damage and the relationships between the oxidative damage and renal lesions in fluoride-treated mice by using the methods of histopathology, biochemistry, flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 240 ICR mice were randomly divided into four equal groups (sodium fluoride was given orally at the dose of 0, 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg body weight for 42 days, respectively). We found that fluoride in excess of 12 mg/kg induced renal oxidative damage, which was characterized by increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyls (PC), and decreasing the abilities of anti-superoxide anion (ASA) and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR), glutathione (GSH) content, as well as activities and mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Concurrently, fluoride caused degeneration and necrosis of the tubular cells, renal tubular hyaline casts and glomeruli swelling, which were consistent with the alteration of renal function parameters including elevated contents of serum creatinine (Cr), serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and the activities of urinary N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), renal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and reduced activities of sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the kidney. The above-mentioned results showed that fluoride in excess of 12 mg/kg induced renal oxidative damage, which then caused renal lesions and dysfunctions. These findings also clearly demonstrated that oxidative damage is one of the mechanisms of fluoride-induced renal lesions and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
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47
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Bonola-Gallardo I, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Vera-Robles L, Campero A, Gómez-Quiroz L. Enzymatic Activity of Glutathione S-Transferase and Dental Fluorosis Among Children Receiving Two Different Levels of Naturally Fluoridated Water. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:40-47. [PMID: 27449362 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to measure the activity of the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in saliva and to compare the activity of this enzyme in children with and without dental fluorosis in communities with different concentrations of naturally fluoridated water. A total of 141 schoolchildren participated in this cross-sectional study. Children were selected from two communities: one with a low (0.4 ppm) and the other with a high (1.8 ppm) water fluoride concentration. Dental fluorosis was evaluated by applying the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI) criteria. Stimulated saliva was obtained, and fluoride concentration and GST activity were measured. The GST activity was compared among children with different levels of dental fluorosis using multinomial logistic regression models and odds ratios (OR). The mean age of the children was 10.6 (±1.03) years. Approximately half of the children showed dental fluorosis (52.5 %). The average GST activity was 0.5678 (±0.1959) nmol/min/μg. A higher concentration of fluoride in the saliva was detected in children with a higher GST activity (p = 0.039). A multinomial logistic regression model used to evaluate the GST activity and the dental fluorosis score identified a strong association between TFI = 2-3 (OR = 15.44, p = 0.007) and TFI ≥ 4 (OR = 55.40, p = 0.026) and the GST activity level, compared with children showing TFI = 0-1, adjusted for age and sex. Schoolchildren with higher levels of dental fluorosis and a higher fluoride concentration in the saliva showed greater GST activity. The increased GST activity most likely was the result of the body's need to inactivate free radicals produced by exposure to fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvin Bonola-Gallardo
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Liliana Vera-Robles
- Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan Autonomous University Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Campero
- Department of Chemistry, Metropolitan Autonomous University Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Gómez-Quiroz
- Department of Health Sciences, Metropolitan Autonomous University Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
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48
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Xu M, Rui D, Yan Y, Xu S, Niu Q, Feng G, Wang Y, Li S, Jing M. Oxidative Damage Induced by Arsenic in Mice or Rats: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:154-175. [PMID: 27498811 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0810-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this meta-analysis, studies reporting arsenic-induced oxidative damage in mouse models were systematically evaluated to provide a scientific understanding of oxidative stress mechanisms associated with arsenic poisoning. Fifty-eight relevant peer-reviewed publications were identified through exhaustive database searching. Oxidative stress indexes assessed included superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our meta-analysis showed that arsenic exposure generally suppressed measured levels of the antioxidants, SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GST, and GR, but increased levels of the oxidants, GSSG, MDA, and ROS. Arsenic valence was important and GR and MDA levels increased to a significantly (P < 0.05) greater extent upon exposure to As3+ than to As5+. Other factors that contributed to a greater overall oxidative effect from arsenic exposure included intervention time, intervention method, dosage, age of animals, and the sample source from which the indexes were estimated. Our meta-analysis effectively summarized a wide range of studies and detected a positive relationship between arsenic exposure and oxidative damage. These data provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of arsenic poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchuan Xu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Dongsheng Rui
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yizhong Yan
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Gangling Feng
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Shugang Li
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
| | - Mingxia Jing
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China.
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49
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Rogalska A, Kuter K, Żelazko A, Głogowska-Gruszka A, Świętochowska E, Nowak P. Fluoride Alteration of [ 3H]Glucose Uptake in Wistar Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues. Neurotox Res 2017; 31:436-443. [PMID: 28243943 PMCID: PMC5360833 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of postnatal fluoride intake on [3H]glucose uptake and transport in rat brain and peripheral tissues. Sodium fluoride (NaF) in a concentration of 10 or 50 ppm was added to the drinking water of adult Wistar rats. The control group received distilled water. After 4 weeks, respective plasma fluoride levels were 0.0541 ± 0.0135 μg/ml (control), 0.0596 ± 0.0202 μg/ml (10 ppm), and 0.0823 ± 0.0199 μg/ml (50 ppm). Although plasma glucose levels were not altered in any group, the plasma insulin level in the fluoride (50 ppm) group was elevated (0.72 ± 0.13 μg/ml) versus the control group (0.48 ± 0.24 μg/ml) and fluoride (10 ppm) group. In rats receiving fluoride for 4 weeks at 10 ppm in drinking water, [3H]glucose uptake was unaltered in all tested parts of the brain. However, in rats receiving fluoride at 50 ppm, [3H]glucose uptake in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus with hypothalamus was elevated, versus the saline group. Fluoride intake had a negligible effect on [3H]glucose uptake by peripheral tissues (liver, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, atrium, aorta, kidney, visceral tissue, lung, skin, oral mucosa, tongue, salivary gland, incisor, molars, and jawbone). In neither fluoride group was glucose transporter proteins 1 (GLUT 1) or 3 (GLUT 3) altered in frontal cortex and striatum versus control. On the assumption that increased glucose uptake (by neural tissue) reasonably reflects neuronal activity, it appears that fluoride damage to the brain results in a compensatory increase in glucose uptake and utilization without changes in GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rogalska
- Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuter
- Department of Neuro-Psychopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żelazko
- Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
| | - Anna Głogowska-Gruszka
- Department of Communal Hygiene and Sanitary Supervision, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Clinical Biochemistry Division, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19, 41-808, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Przemysław Nowak
- Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Piekarska 18, 41-902, Bytom, Poland.
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50
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Li W, Jiang B, Cao X, Xie Y, Huang T. Protective effect of lycopene on fluoride-induced ameloblasts apoptosis and dental fluorosis through oxidative stress-mediated Caspase pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 261:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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