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Govbakh I, Kyryk V, Ustymenko A, Rubtsov V, Tsupykov O, Bulgakova NV, Zavodovskiy DO, Sokolowska I, Maznychenko A. Stem Cell Therapy Enhances Motor Activity of Triceps Surae Muscle in Mice with Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112026. [PMID: 34769453 PMCID: PMC8584487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired motor and sensory functions are the main features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy is one of the possible treatments for this disease. It was assumed that MSCs therapy can improve the contractile properties of the triceps surae (TS) muscles in mice with hereditary peripheral neuropathy. Murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) were obtained for transplantation into TS muscles of FVB-C-Tg(GFPU)5Nagy/J mice. Three months after AD-MSCs transplantation, animals were subjected to electrophysiological investigations. Parameters of TS muscle tension after intermittent high frequency electrical sciatic nerve stimulations were analyzed. It was found that force of TS muscle tension contraction in animals after AD-MSCs treatment was two-time higher than in untreated mice. Normalized values of force muscle contraction in different phases of electrical stimulation were 0.3 ± 0.01 vs. 0.18 ± 0.01 and 0.26 ± 0.03 vs. 0.13 ± 0.03 for treated and untreated animals, respectively. It is assumed that the two-fold increase in TS muscle strength was caused by stem cell therapy. Apparently, AD-MSCs therapy can promote nerve regeneration and partial restoration of muscle function, and thus can be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Govbakh
- Department of General Practice-Family Medicine, Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, 61000 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Vitalii Kyryk
- Cell and Tissue Technologies Department, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.K.); (A.U.); (O.T.)
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology, D. F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alina Ustymenko
- Cell and Tissue Technologies Department, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.K.); (A.U.); (O.T.)
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Immunology, D. F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Rubtsov
- Department of Cytology, Histology and Reproductive Medicine, Educational and Scientific Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 03127 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Oleg Tsupykov
- Cell and Tissue Technologies Department, State Institute of Genetic and Regenerative Medicine NAMS of Ukraine, 04114 Kyiv, Ukraine; (V.K.); (A.U.); (O.T.)
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya V. Bulgakova
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.V.B.); (D.O.Z.)
| | - Danylo O. Zavodovskiy
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.V.B.); (D.O.Z.)
| | - Inna Sokolowska
- Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Andriy Maznychenko
- Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine; (N.V.B.); (D.O.Z.)
- Department of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +38-044-256-24-12
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Eftekhari BS, Eskandari M, Janmey PA, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Gholipourmalekabadi M. Conductive chitosan/polyaniline hydrogel with cell-imprinted topography as a potential substrate for neural priming of adipose derived stem cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15795-15807. [PMID: 35481217 PMCID: PMC9029165 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical characteristics of engineered scaffolds such as topography and electroconductivity have shown potentially beneficial effects on stem cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation toward neural cells. In this study, we fabricated a conductive hydrogel made from chitosan (CS) and polyaniline (PANI) with induced PC12 cell surface topography using a cell imprinting technique to provide both topographical properties and conductivity in a platform. The engineered hydrogel's potential for neural priming of rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs) was determined in vitro. The biomechanical analysis revealed that the electrical conductivity, stiffness, and hydrophobicity of flat (F) and cell-imprinted (CI) substrates increased with increased PANI content in the CS/PANI scaffold. The conductive substrates exhibited a lower degradation rate compared to non-conductive substrates. According to data obtained from F-actin staining and AFM micrographs, both CI(CS) and CI(CS-PANI) substrates induced the morphology of rADSCs from their irregular shape (on flat substrates) into the elongated and bipolar shape of the neuronal-like PC12 cells. Immunostaining analysis revealed that both CI(CS) and CI (CS-PANI) significantly upregulated the expression of GFAP and MAP2, two neural precursor-specific genes, in rADSCs compared with flat substrates. Although the results reveal that both cell-imprinted topography and electrical conductivity affect the neural lineage differentiation, some data demonstrate that the topography effects of the cell-imprinted surface have a more critical role than electrical conductivity on neural priming of ADSCs. The current study provides new insight into the engineering of scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Sadat Eftekhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Ave Tehran 15875-4413 Iran +98 21 6454 23 62.,Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania 1010 Vagelos Research Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk Philadelphia PA 19104-6383 USA +1 215 573 6815 +1 215 573 7380
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Ave Tehran 15875-4413 Iran +98 21 6454 23 62
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania 1010 Vagelos Research Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk Philadelphia PA 19104-6383 USA +1 215 573 6815 +1 215 573 7380
| | | | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Stancioiu F, Papadakis GZ, Lazopoulos G, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis A, Floroiu M, Badiu C. CD271 + stem cell treatment of patients with chronic stroke: : A retrospective case series report. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:2055-2062. [PMID: 32782517 PMCID: PMC7401309 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic stroke have currently little hope for motor improvement towards regaining independent activities of daily living; stem cell treatments offer a new treatment option and needs to be developed. Patients with chronic stroke (more than 3 months prior to stem cell treatment, mean 21.2 months post-stroke) were treated with CD271+ stem cells, 7 patients received autologous and 1 allogeneic cells from first degree relative; administration was intravenous in 1 and intrathecal in 7 patients. Each patient received a single treatment consisting of 2-5x106 cells/kg and they were followed up for up to 12 months. There were significant improvements in expressive aphasia (2/3 patients) spasticity (5/5, of which 2 were transient), and small improvements in motor function (2/8 patients). Although motor improvements were minor in our chronic stroke patients, improvements in aphasia and spasticity were significant and in the context of good safety we are advocating further administration and clinical studies of CD271+ stem cells not only in chronic stroke patients, but also for spastic paresis/plegia; a different, yet unexplored application is pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Z. Papadakis
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Lazopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University General Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Marius Floroiu
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Angiomedica Hospital, 020657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corin Badiu
- CI Parhon Institute of Endocrinology, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhou LN, Wang JC, Zilundu PLM, Wang YQ, Guo WP, Zhang SX, Luo H, Zhou JH, Deng RD, Chen DF. A comparison of the use of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32272974 PMCID: PMC7147018 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To date, it has repeatedly been demonstrated that infusing bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) into acellular nerve scaffolds can promote and support axon regeneration through a peripheral nerve defect. However, harvesting BMSCs is an invasive and painful process fraught with a low cellular yield. Methods In pursuit of alternative stem cell sources, we isolated stem cells from the inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue of adult Sprague–Dawley rats (adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs). We used a co-culture system that allows isolated adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) to grow in the same culture medium but without direct cellular contact. We verified SC phenotype in vitro by cell marker analysis and used red fluorescent protein-tagged ADSCs to detect their fate after being injected into a chemically extracted acellular nerve allograft (CEANA). To compare the regenerative effects of CEANA containing either BMSCs or ADSCs with an autograft and CEANA only on the sciatic nerve defect in vivo, we performed histological and functional assessments up to 16 weeks after grafting. Results In vitro, we observed reciprocal beneficial effects of ADSCs and SCs in the ADSC–SC co-culture system. Moreover, ADSCs were able to survive in CEANA for 5 days after in vitro implantation. Sixteen weeks after grafting, all results consistently showed that CEANA infused with BMSCs or ADSCs enhanced injured sciatic nerve repair compared to the acellular CEANA-only treatment. Furthermore, their beneficial effects on sciatic injury regeneration were comparable as histological and functional parameters evaluated showed no statistically significant differences. However, the autograft group was roundly superior to both the BMSC- or ADSC-loaded CEANA groups. Conclusion The results of the present study show that ADSCs are a viable alternative stem cell source for treating sciatic nerve injury in lieu of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Na Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia Chuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Ya Qiong Wang
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ping Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Sai Xia Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Hong Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru Dong Deng
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Dong Feng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of basic medical sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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Gao S, Guo X, Zhao S, Jin Y, Zhou F, Yuan P, Cao L, Wang J, Qiu Y, Sun C, Kang Z, Gao F, Xu W, Hu X, Yang D, Qin Y, Ning K, Shaw PJ, Zhong G, Cheng L, Zhu H, Gao Z, Chen X, Xu J. Differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells into neuron/motoneuron-like cells for cell replacement therapy of spinal cord injury. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:597. [PMID: 31395857 PMCID: PMC6687731 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are increasingly presumed to be a prospective stem cell source for cell replacement therapy in various degenerative and/or traumatic diseases. The potential of trans-differentiating hADSCs into motor neuron cells indisputably provides an alternative way for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. In the present study, a stepwise and efficient hADSC trans-differentiation protocol with retinoic acid (RA), sonic hedgehog (SHH), and neurotrophic factors were developed. With this protocol hADSCs could be converted into electrophysiologically active motoneuron-like cells (hADSC-MNs), which expressed both a cohort of pan neuronal markers and motor neuron specific markers. Moreover, after being primed for neuronal differentiation with RA/SHH, hADSCs were transplanted into SCI mouse model and they survived, migrated, and integrated into injured site and led to partial functional recovery of SCI mice. When ablating the transplanted hADSC-MNs harboring HSV-TK-mCherry overexpression system with antivirial Ganciclovir (GCV), functional relapse was detected by motor-evoked potential (MEP) and BMS assays, implying that transplanted hADSC-MNs participated in rebuilding the neural circuits, which was further confirmed by retrograde neuronal tracing system (WGA). GFP-labeled hADSC-MNs were subjected to whole-cell patch-clamp recording in acute spinal cord slice preparation and both action potentials and synaptic activities were recorded, which further confirmed that those pre-conditioned hADSCs indeed became functionally active neurons in vivo. As well, transplanted hADSC-MNs largely prevented the formation of injury-induced cavities and exerted obvious immune-suppression effect as revealed by preventing astrocyte reactivation and favoring the secretion of a spectrum of anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our work suggests that hADSCs can be readily transformed into MNs in vitro, and stay viable in spinal cord of the SCI mouse and exert multi-therapeutic effects by rebuilding the broken circuitry and optimizing the microenvironment through immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Gao
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xuanxuan Guo
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Simeng Zhao
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yinpeng Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, JinShan, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Limei Cao
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jian Wang
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chenxi Sun
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhanrong Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Fengjuan Gao
- Zhoupu hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Danjing Yang
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ying Qin
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ke Ning
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385A Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, Shanghai Science and Technology University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China. .,BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Human intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of autologous, non-engineered, adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) for neurodegenerative disorders: results of a 3-year phase 1 study of 113 injections in 31 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5257-5272. [PMID: 31327120 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have chosen to test the safety of human intracerebroventricular (ICV) brain injections of autologous non-genetically-modified adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF). In this IRB-approved trial, 24 patients received ICV ADSVF via an implanted reservoir between 5/22/14 and 5/22/17. Seven others were injected via their ventriculo-peritoneal shunts. Ten patients had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), 6 had progressive multiple sclerosis (MS-P), 6 had Parkinson's "Plus" (PD+), 1 had spinal cord injury, 1 had traumatic brain injury, and 1 had stroke. Median age was 74 (range 41-83). Injections were planned every 2-3 months. Thirty-one patients had 113 injections. Patients received SVF injection volumes of 3.5-20 cc (median:4 cc) containing 4.05 × 105 to 6.2 × 107 cells/cc, which contained an average of 8% hematopoietic and 7.5% adipose stem cells. Follow-up ranged from 0 to 36 months (median: 9.2 months). MRIs post injection(s) were unchanged, except for one AD patient whose hippocampal volume increased from < 5th percentile to 48th percentile (NeuroQuant® volumetric MRI). Of the 10 AD patients, 8 were stable or improved in tests of cognition. Two showed improvement in P-tau and ß-amyloid levels. Of the 6 MS-P patients all are stable or improved. Four of 6 ALS patients died of disease progression. Twelve of 111 injections (11%) led to 1-4 days of transient meningismus, and mild temperature elevation, which resolved with acetaminophen and/or dexamethasone. Two (1.8% of injections) required hospitalization for these symptoms. One patient (0.9% of injections) had his reservoir removed and later replaced for presumed infection. In this Phase 1 safety trial, ADSVF was safely injected into the human brain ventricular system in patients with no other treatment options. Secondary endpoints of clinical improvement or stability were particularly promising in the AD and MS-P groups. These results will be submitted for a Phase 2 FDA-approved trial.
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Gómez-de Frutos MC, Laso-García F, Diekhorst L, Otero-Ortega L, Fuentes B, Jolkkonen J, Detante O, Moisan A, Martínez-Arroyo A, Díez-Tejedor E, Gutiérrez-Fernández M. Intravenous delivery of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves brain repair in hyperglycemic stroke rats. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:212. [PMID: 31315686 PMCID: PMC6637493 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over 50% of acute stroke patients have hyperglycemia, which is associated with a poorer prognosis and outcome. Our aim was to investigate the impact of hyperglycemia on behavioral recovery and brain repair of delivered human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAD-MSCs) in a rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Methods Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by the administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin. The rats were then subjected to stroke by a pMCAO model. At 48 h post-stroke, 1 × 106 hAD-MSCs or saline were intravenously administered. We evaluated behavioral outcome, infarct size by MRI, and brain plasticity markers by immunohistochemistry (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], Iba-1, synaptophysin, doublecortin, CD-31, collagen-IV, and α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]). Results The hyperglycemic group exhibited more severe neurological deficits; lesion size and diffusion coefficient were larger compared with the non-hyperglycemic rats. GFAP, Iba-1, and α-SMA were increased in the hyperglycemic group. The hyperglycemic rats administered hAD-MSCs at 48 h after pMCAO had improved neurological impairment. Although T2-MRI did not show differences in lesion size between groups, the rADC values were lower in the treated group. Finally, the levels of GFAP, Iba-1, and arterial wall thickness were lower in the treated hyperglycemic group than in the nontreated hyperglycemic group at 6 weeks post-stroke. Conclusions Our data suggest that rats with hyperglycemic ischemic stroke exhibit increased lesion size and impaired brain repair processes, which lead to impairments in behavioral recovery after pMCAO. More importantly, hAD-MSC administration induced better anatomical tissue preservation, associated with a good behavioral outcome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1322-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Carmen Gómez-de Frutos
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laso-García
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luke Diekhorst
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Otero-Ortega
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Fuentes
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jukka Jolkkonen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,NeuroCenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olivier Detante
- Neurology Department, Stroke Unit, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Anaick Moisan
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,Cell Therapy and Engineering Unit, EFS Auvergne Rhône Alpes, Saint-Ismier, France
| | - Arturo Martínez-Arroyo
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Zhu TB, Zhang Z, Luo P, Wang SS, Peng Y, Chu SF, Chen NH. Lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2018; 144:68-74. [PMID: 30472149 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the metabolic disorder may be the high risk that contribute to the progress of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overtaken of High-fat, high-glucose or high-cholesterol diet may hasten the incidence of AD in later life, due to the metabolic dysfunction. But the metabolism of lipid in brain and the exact effect of lipid to brain or to the AD's pathological remain controversial. Here we summarize correlates of lipid metabolism and AD to provide more foundation for the daily nursing of AD sensitive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Bi Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Piao Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030000, China.
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Bucan V, Fliess M, Schnabel R, Peck CT, Vaslaitis D, Fülbier A, Reimers K, Strauss S, Vogt PM, Radtke C. In vitro enhancement and functional characterization of neurite outgrowth by undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:593-602. [PMID: 30431135 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose‑derived stem cells (ASCs) can easily be obtained and expanded in vitro for use in autologous cell therapy. Via their production of cytokines and neurotrophic factors, transplanted ASCs provide neuroprotection, neovascularization and induction of axonal sprouting. However, the influencing mechanism of undifferentiated ASCs on nerve regeneration is currently only partially understood. In the present study, undifferentiated ASCs and cutaneous primary afferent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were co‑cultured in order to investigate their interaction. ASCs were isolated from adult rat fat tissue. The presence of characteristic stem cell markers was determined by flow cytometry in three subsequent passages. Adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and glial differentiation was performed in order to evaluate their differentiation capacity. A direct co‑culture system with DRG cells was established to determine the effect of undifferentiated pluripotent ASCs on neurite elongation. Neurite outgrowth, length and number was examined in the co‑culture and compared with single‑culture cells and cells stimulated with nerve growth factor (NGF). In ASC cultures, NGF expression was assessed by ELISA. The present results demonstrated that the specific mesenchymal stem cell surface markers CD44, CD73 and CD90 were detected in all three subsequent passages of the isolated ASCs. In accordance, ASC differentiation into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and Schwann cell phenotype was conducted successfully. Neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons was enhanced following co‑culture with ASCs, resulting in increased neurite length after 24 h of cultivation. Furthermore, neurite outgrowth of DRG neurons was directed towards the undifferentiated ASC and direct cell‑to‑cell contact was observed. In summary, the results of the present study revealed an interaction between the two cell types with guidance of neurite growth towards the undifferentiated ASC. These findings suggest that the use of undifferentiated ASC optimizing tissue‑engineered constructs may be promising for peripheral nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Fliess
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhild Schnabel
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Claas-Tido Peck
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Desiree Vaslaitis
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela Fülbier
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Strauss
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D‑30625 Hannover, Germany
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Concentrated Conditioned Media from Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigates Visual Deficits and Retinal Inflammation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072016. [PMID: 29997321 PMCID: PMC6073664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Blast concussions are a common injury sustained in military combat today. Inflammation due to microglial polarization can drive the development of visual defects following blast injuries. In this study, we assessed whether anti-inflammatory factors released by the mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (adipose stem cells, ASC) can limit retinal tissue damage and improve visual function in a mouse model of visual deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. We show that intravitreal injection of 1 μL of ASC concentrated conditioned medium from cells pre-stimulated with inflammatory cytokines (ASC-CCM) mitigates loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity four weeks post blast injury. Moreover, blast mice showed increased retinal expression of genes associated with microglial activation and inflammation by molecular analyses, retinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, and increased loss of ganglion cells. Interestingly, blast mice that received ASC-CCM improved in all parameters above. In vitro, ASC-CCM not only suppressed microglial activation but also protected against Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) induced endothelial permeability as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrate TSG-6 is highly expressed in ASC-CCM from cells pre-stimulated with TNFα and IFNγ but not from unstimulated cells. Our findings suggest that ASC-CCM mitigates visual deficits of the blast injury through their anti-inflammatory properties on activated pro-inflammatory microglia and endothelial cells. A regenerative therapy for immediate delivery at the time of injury may provide a practical and cost-effective solution against the traumatic effects of blast injuries to the retina.
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Stem cell therapy for abrogating stroke-induced neuroinflammation and relevant secondary cell death mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 158:94-131. [PMID: 28743464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. A key secondary cell death mechanism mediating neurological damage following the initial episode of ischemic stroke is the upregulation of endogenous neuroinflammatory processes to levels that destroy hypoxic tissue local to the area of insult, induce apoptosis, and initiate a feedback loop of inflammatory cascades that can expand the region of damage. Stem cell therapy has emerged as an experimental treatment for stroke, and accumulating evidence supports the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells to abrogate stroke-induced inflammation. In this review, we investigate clinically relevant stem cell types, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), neural stem cells (NSCs), extraembryonic stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, breast milk-derived stem cells, menstrual blood-derived stem cells, dental tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), teratocarcinoma-derived Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells (NT2N), c-mycER(TAM) modified NSCs (CTX0E03), and notch-transfected mesenchymal stromal cells (SB623), comparing their potential efficacy to sequester stroke-induced neuroinflammation and their feasibility as translational clinical cell sources. To this end, we highlight that MSCs, with a proven track record of safety and efficacy as a transplantable cell for hematologic diseases, stand as an attractive cell type that confers superior anti-inflammatory effects in stroke both in vitro and in vivo. That stem cells can mount a robust anti-inflammatory action against stroke complements the regenerative processes of cell replacement and neurotrophic factor secretion conventionally ascribed to cell-based therapy in neurological disorders.
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance Axonal Regeneration through Cross-Facial Nerve Grafting in a Rat Model of Facial Paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 138:387-396. [PMID: 27465163 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-face nerve grafting combined with functional muscle transplantation has become the standard in reconstructing an emotionally controlled smile in complete irreversible facial palsy. However, the efficacy of this procedure depends on the ability of regenerating axons to breach two nerve coaptations and reinnervate endplates in denervated muscle. The current study tested the hypothesis that adipose-derived stem cells would enhance axonal regeneration through a cross-facial nerve graft and thereby enhance recovery of the facial nerve function. METHODS Twelve rats underwent transection of the right facial nerve, and cross-facial nerve grafting using the sciatic nerve as an interpositional graft, with coaptations to the ipsilateral and contralateral buccal branches, was carried out. Rats were divided equally into two groups: a grafted but nontreated control group and a grafted and adipose-derived stem cell-treated group. Three months after surgery, biometric and electrophysiologic assessments of vibrissae movements were performed. Histologically, the spectra of fiber density, myelin sheath thickness, fiber diameter, and g ratio of the nerve were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for the evaluation of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junctions. RESULTS The data from the biometric and electrophysiologic analysis of vibrissae movements, immunohistochemical analysis, and histologic assessment of the nerve showed that adipose-derived stem cells significantly enhanced axonal regeneration through the graft. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that adipose-derived stem cells could be a clinically translatable route toward new methods to enhance recovery after cross-facial nerve grafting.
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Cu, Zn-Superoxide Dismutase Increases the Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Maintaining Antioxidant Enzyme Levels. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:3300-3307. [PMID: 27743287 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the ability of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) to improve the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) against ischemic damage in the spinal cord. Animals were divided into four groups: the control group, vehicle (PEP-1 peptide and artificial cerebrospinal fluid)-treated group, Ad-MSC alone group, and Ad-MSC-treated group with PEP-1-SOD1. The abdominal aorta of the rabbit was occluded for 30 min in the subrenal region to induce ischemic damage, and immediately after reperfusion, artificial cerebrospinal fluid or Ad-MSCs (2 × 105) were administered intrathecally. In addition, PEP-1 or 0.5 mg/kg PEP-1-SOD1 was administered intraperitoneally to the Ad-MSC-treated rabbits. Motor behaviors and NeuN-immunoreactive neurons were significantly decreased in the vehicle-treated group after ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of Ad-MSCs significantly ameliorated the changes in motor behavior and NeuN-immunoreactive neuronal survival. In addition, the combination of PEP-1-SOD1 and Ad-MSCs further increased the ameliorative effects of Ad-MSCs in the spinal cord after ischemia. Furthermore, the administration of Ad-MSCs with PEP-1-SOD1 decreased lipid peroxidation and maintained levels of antioxidants such as SOD1 and glutathione peroxidase compared to the Ad-MSC alone group. These results suggest that combination therapy using Ad-MSCs and PEP-1-SOD1 strongly protects neurons from ischemic damage by modulating the balance of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants.
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He B, Yao Q, Liang Z, Lin J, Xie Y, Li S, Wu G, Yang Z, Xu P. The Dose of Intravenously Transplanted Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Determines the Therapeutic Effect on Vascular Remodeling in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:2173-2185. [PMID: 27480476 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x692627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation for ischemic stroke have been extensively demonstrated. However, studies on the optimal cell dose for intravenous administration are still limited. This study aimed to determine an appropriate cell dose for BM-MSC intravenous transplantation and to investigate the effect of cell dose on vascular remodeling in a rat model of ischemic stroke. BM-MSCs at doses of 5104 (low-dose group), 5105 (medium-dose group), and 2106 (high-dose group) were intravenously injected into rats at 72 h after ischemia. The therapeutic efficacy of BM-MSCs was evaluated by measuring infarct volume, vascular diameters, capillary area in the peri-infarct zone, level of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the peri-infarct zone, and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level at 7 days after ischemia. Compared with the low-dose and control groups, medium-dose and high-dose BM-MSC transplantation significantly reduced the volume of the infarct area, enlarged the diameters of pial vessels and the basilar artery, and increased the capillary area in the peri-infarct zone of the cerebral cortex. Furthermore, transplanted BM-MSCs elevated the expressions of bFGF in the peri-infarct zone and the serum VEGF level. Administration of 5105 BM-MSCs is an appropriate cell dose for ischemic stroke therapy in rats. These findings may be helpful for designing future clinical trials.
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Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that adipose tissue is the richest and most accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells. Many different therapies for chronic wounds exist with varying success rates. The capacity of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) to promote angiogenesis, secrete growth factors, regulate the inflammatory process, and differentiate into multiple cell types makes them a potential ideal therapy for chronic wounds. The aim of this article was to review all preclinical trials using ASCs in problem wound models. A systematic search was performed and 12 studies were found where different chronic wound models across different animals were treated with ASCs. Different ASC sources and delivery methods were used in the described studies. Studies demonstrated improved wound healing with utilization of ASC, and this treatment modality has so far shown great potential. However, more preclinical studies and large-scale clinical trials are needed to show if the emerging therapy can satisfy expectations.
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Onuma-Ukegawa M, Bhatt K, Hirai T, Kaburagi H, Sotome S, Wakabayashi Y, Ichinose S, Shinomiya K, Okawa A, Enomoto M. Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Combined with a Honeycomb Collagen Sponge Facilitate Neurite Elongation in Vitro and Neural Restoration in the Hemisected Rat Spinal Cord. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1283-97. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x682134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, researchers and clinicians have reported that transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) promotes functional recovery after brain or spinal cord injury (SCI). However, an appropriate scaffold designed for the injured spinal cord is needed to enhance the survival of transplanted BMSCs and to promote nerve regeneration. We previously tested a honeycomb collagen sponge (HC), which when applied to the transected spinal cord allowed bridging of the gap with nerve fibers. In this study, we examined whether the HC implant combined with rat BMSCs increases nerve regeneration in vitro and enhances functional recovery in vivo. We first evaluated the neurite outgrowth of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants cultured on HC with or without BMSCs in vitro. Regeneration of neurites from the DRGs was increased by BMSCs combined with HC scaffolds. In the in vivo study, 3-mm-long HC scaffolds with or without BMSCs were implanted into the hemisected rat thoracic spinal cord. Four weeks after the procedure, rats implanted with HC scaffolds containing BMSCs displayed better motor and sensory recovery than those implanted with HC scaffolds only. Histologically, more CGRP-positive sensory fibers at the implanted site and 5-HT-positive serotonergic fibers contralateral to the implanted site were observed in spinal cords receiving BMSCs. Furthermore, more rubrospinal neurons projected distally to the HC implant containing BMSCs. Our study indicates that the application of BMSCs in a HC scaffold in the injured spinal cord directly promoted sensory nerve and rubrospinal tract regeneration, thus resulting in functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Onuma-Ukegawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kush Bhatt
- Imperial College, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Exchange Program, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirai
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kaburagi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sotome
- Department of Orthopaedic Research and Development, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Wakabayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Instrumental Analysis Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shinomiya
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Enomoto
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Hyperbaric Medical Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou F, Gao S, Wang L, Sun C, Chen L, Yuan P, Zhao H, Yi Y, Qin Y, Dong Z, Cao L, Ren H, Zhu L, Li Q, Lu B, Liang A, Xu GT, Zhu H, Gao Z, Ma J, Xu J, Chen X. Human adipose-derived stem cells partially rescue the stroke syndromes by promoting spatial learning and memory in mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:92. [PMID: 25956259 PMCID: PMC4453264 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growing evidence has brought stem cell therapy to the forefront as new promising approaches towards stroke treatment. Of all candidate seeding cells, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are considered as one of the most appropriate for stroke treatment. However, previous experimental data could not reach to an agreement on the efficacy of ADSC transplantation for treating stroke in vivo as well as its mechanism which hinders their further clinical translational application. METHODS To explore their in vivo mechanism of hADSC administration on neurological injury, hADSC were labeled with Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein expressing FG12 lentivirus and injected into MCAO mouse infarct area by in situ way. Neurological function was evaluated by Rogers Scaling System and their spatial learning and memory was determined by Morris Test. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride was carried out to compare the infarct area among groups. Histoimmunostaining was used to track the injected hADSCs for their in vivo migration, transdifferentiation and integration with the endogenous neuronal circuitry. To better address the underlying rescuing mechanism, qRT-PCR was performed on neural markers of MBP, MAP2, GFAP, microglia marker of Iba1. RESULTS It was found that hADSCs could promote both spatial learning and memory of MCAO mice. Co-localization of GFP and MAP2 were found in the whole cortex with significantly (P<0.01) higher percentage at the contralateral cortex compared with the ipsilateral cortex. Low percentage of GFP and GFAP co-localized cells were found at whole cortex. Meanwhile, Iba1(+) microglia and GFAP(+) astrocyte cells were significantly (P<0.05) suppressed by hADSC injection. CONCLUSIONS hADSCs could transdifferentiate into neuron like cells (MAP2(+)) in vivo and probably used as seeding cells for replacement based stem cell therapy of stroke. Also, significant immunomodulation was found. Meanwhile hADSCs could significantly protect the endogenous neuron survival. This study demonstrated that hADSC intervention with MCAO mice could apparently ameliorate stroke symptoms by direct cell replacement, enhanced immnunosuppression and increasing the viability of endogenous neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhou
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Shane Gao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Chenxi Sun
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Ping Yuan
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200442, China.
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Shanghai Xu Hui District Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yi Yi
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Ying Qin
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Limei Cao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Liang Zhu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Bing Lu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200442, China.
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Laboratory of Clinical Visual Science, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, China. .,Tianjin Academy of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China.
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Xu Chen
- Neurology Department, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Yeh DC, Chan TM, Harn HJ, Chiou TW, Chen HS, Lin ZS, Lin SZ. Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in Neural Regenerative Medicine. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:487-92. [PMID: 25647067 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x686940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have two essential characteristics with regard to regenerative medicine: the convenient and efficient generation of large numbers of multipotent cells and in vitro proliferation without a loss of stemness. The implementation of clinical trials has prompted widespread concern regarding safety issues and has shifted research toward the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells in dealing with neural degeneration in cases such as stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, cavernous nerve injury, and traumatic brain injury. Most existing studies have reported that cell therapies may be able to replenish lost cells and promote neuronal regeneration, protect neuronal survival, and play a role in overcoming permanent paralysis and loss of sensation and the recovery of neurological function. The mechanisms involved in determining therapeutic capacity remain largely unknown; however, this concept can still be classified in a methodical manner by citing current evidence. Possible mechanisms include the following: 1) the promotion of angiogenesis, 2) the induction of neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis, 3) reductions in reactive gliosis, 4) the inhibition of apoptosis, 5) the expression of neurotrophic factors, 6) immunomodulatory function, and 7) facilitating neuronal integration. In this study, several human clinical trials using ADSCs for neuronal disorders were investigated. It is suggested that ADSCs are one of the choices among various stem cells for translating into clinical application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Min Chan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University-An-Nan Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Jyh Harn
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzyy-Wen Chiou
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Shui Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Zung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Beigan Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chan TM, Harn HJ, Lin HP, Chiu SC, Lin PC, Wang HI, Ho LI, Chuu CP, Chiou TW, Hsieh AC, Chen YW, Ho WY, Lin SZ. The use of ADSCs as a treatment for chronic stroke. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:541-7. [PMID: 24816449 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the disorders for which clinically effective therapeutic modalities are most needed, and numerous ways have been explored to attempt to investigate their feasibilities. However, ischemic- or hemorrhagic-induced inflammatory neuron death causes irreversible injuries and infarction regions, and there are currently no truly effective drugs available as therapy. It is therefore urgent to be able to provide a fundamental treatment method to regenerate neuronal brain cells, and therefore, the use of stem cells for curing chronic stroke could be a major breakthrough development. In this review, we describe the features and classification of stroke and focus on the benefits of adipose tissue-derived stem cells and their applications in stroke animal models. The results show that cell-based therapies have resulted in significant improvements in neuronal behaviors and functions through different molecular mechanisms, and no safety problems have so far arisen after transplantation. Further, we propose a clinical possibility to create a homing niche by reducing the degree of invasive intracerebroventricular transplantation and combining it with continuous intravenous administration to achieve a complete cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Min Chan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Toyserkani NM, Christensen ML, Sheikh SP, Sørensen JA. Stem cells show promising results for lymphoedema treatment--a literature review. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2014; 49:65-71. [PMID: 25272309 DOI: 10.3109/2000656x.2014.964726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoedema is a debilitating condition, manifesting in excess lymphatic fluid and swelling of subcutaneous tissues. Lymphoedema is as of yet still an incurable condition and current treatment modalities are not satisfactory. The capacity of mesenchymal stem cells to promote angiogenesis, secrete growth factors, regulate the inflammatory process, and differentiate into multiple cell types make them a potential ideal therapy for lymphoedema. Adipose tissue is the richest and most accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells and they can be harvested, isolated, and used for therapy in a single stage procedure as an autologous treatment. The aim of this paper was to review all studies using mesenchymal stem cells for lymphoedema treatment with a special focus on the potential use of adipose-derived stem cells. A systematic search was performed and five preclinical and two clinical studies were found. Different stem cell sources and lymphoedema models were used in the described studies. Most studies showed a decrease in lymphoedema and an increased lymphangiogenesis when treated with stem cells and this treatment modality has so far shown great potential. The present studies are, however, subject to bias and more preclinical studies and large-scale high quality clinical trials are needed to show if this emerging therapy can satisfy expectations.
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Du G, Liu Y, Dang M, Zhu G, Su R, Fan Y, Tan Z, Wang LX, Fang J. Comparison of administration routes for adipose-derived stem cells in the treatment of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1075-84. [PMID: 24962764 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Given that adult adipose tissue is an abundant, accessible and safe source of stem cells, the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) provides a promising approach in ischemic stroke. The delivery route, however, for transplantation of ADSCs in clinical application remains controversial regarding the time window, cell type, safety issues, 'first pass' effect and therapeutic effect. To determine the optimal administration route in transplantation of ADSCs, we compared the therapeutic effect of the three mainly used administration routes of ADSCs in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Cells isolated from the adipose tissue of adult rodents were differentiated and characterized in vitro, and further transplanted in vivo by intravenous, intra-arterial or intra-ventricular delivery. The infarct volume, expression of neurotrophic factors and the neurobehavioral improvements were evaluated after the equal dose of BrdU labeled ADSCs transplantation. Our results indicated that the equal dose of ADSCs delivered intravenously were effective in improving the neurological outcome and reducing the infarct volume after ischemic brain injury in long term duration in contrast to intra-arterial and intra-ventricular delivery. At 1-7 days after transplantation, the increased expression levels of BDNF, VEGF, bFGF, Bcl-2, IL-10 and decreased levels of caspase-3 and TNF-α in the intra-ventricular and intra-arterial groups were significant in contrast to the intravenous group. There was no significant difference among the three groups after 7 days. Our findings suggest that compared with the intra-ventricular delivery, intravascular injection allows higher dose injection with fewer invasions and appears to be optimal in application with regard to therapeutic efficacy, safety and feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojia Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunan, China
| | - Muren Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Guohua Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Riqing Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yandong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zeming Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Li Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guang Dong Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, China
| | - Jiasheng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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22
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Martinez AMB, Goulart CDO, Ramalho BDS, Oliveira JT, Almeida FM. Neurotrauma and mesenchymal stem cells treatment: From experimental studies to clinical trials. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:179-94. [PMID: 24772245 PMCID: PMC3999776 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has attracted the attention of scientists and clinicians around the world. Basic and pre-clinical experimental studies have highlighted the positive effects of MSC treatment after spinal cord and peripheral nerve injury. These effects are believed to be due to their ability to differentiate into other cell lineages, modulate inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses, reduce cell apoptosis, secrete several neurotrophic factors and respond to tissue injury, among others. There are many pre-clinical studies on MSC treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) and peripheral nerve injuries. However, the same is not true for clinical trials, particularly those concerned with nerve trauma, indicating the necessity of more well-constructed studies showing the benefits that cell therapy can provide for individuals suffering the consequences of nerve lesions. As for clinical trials for SCI treatment the results obtained so far are not as beneficial as those described in experimental studies. For these reasons basic and pre-clinical studies dealing with MSC therapy should emphasize the standardization of protocols that could be translated to the clinical set with consistent and positive outcomes. This review is based on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials available in the literature from 2010 until now. At the time of writing this article there were 43 and 36 pre-clinical and 19 and 1 clinical trials on injured spinal cord and peripheral nerves, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila de Oliveira Goulart
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Dos Santos Ramalho
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Júlia Teixeira Oliveira
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Ana Maria Blanco Martinez, Camila de Oliveira Goulart, Bruna dos Santos Ramalho, Júlia Teixeira Oliveira, Fernanda Martins Almeida, Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Health Science Center, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Neuroprotective effects of adipose-derived stem cells are maintained for 3 weeks against ischemic damage in the rabbit spinal cord. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:539051. [PMID: 24592394 PMCID: PMC3925622 DOI: 10.1155/2014/539051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the previous study, we demonstrated that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage in the ventral horn of L5-6 levels at 3 days after ischemia/reperfusion. In the present study, we expanded our observations for 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion to rule out the possibility of delayed neuronal death in several days after ischemia/reperfusion. Transient spinal cord ischemia was induced by a 15 min aortic artery occlusion in the subrenal region and rabbit ASCs were administered intrathecally into recipient rabbits (2 × 105) immediately after reperfusion. Transplantation of ASCs improved the neurological motor functions of the hindlimb 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. Similarly, the cresyl violet-positive neurons were significantly increased at 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion compared to that in the vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid)-treated group. The transplantation of ASCs significantly reduced reactive microglia induced by ischemia at 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. In addition, transplantation of ASCs maintained the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of ASCs are maintained 3 weeks after ischemia/reperfusion by modulating microgliosis and BDNF levels in the spinal cord.
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24
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Ji W, Hu S, Zhou J, Wang G, Wang K, Zhang Y. Tissue engineering is a promising method for the repair of spinal cord injuries (Review). Exp Ther Med 2013; 7:523-528. [PMID: 24520240 PMCID: PMC3919911 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may lead to a devastating and permanent loss of neurological function, which may place a great economic burden on the family of the patient and society. Methods for reducing the death of neuronal cells, inhibiting immune and inflammatory reactions, and promoting the growth of axons in order to build up synapses with the target cells are the focus of current research. Target cells are located in the damaged spinal cord which create a connect with the scaffold. As tissue engineering technology is developed for use in a variety of different areas, particularly the biomedical field, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of tissue engineering is important. This review establishes how this technology may be used in basic experiments with regard to SCI and considers its potential future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchen Ji
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China ; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Shouye Hu
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zhou
- Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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25
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Antonic A, Sena ES, Lees JS, Wills TE, Skeers P, Batchelor PE, Macleod MR, Howells DW. Stem cell transplantation in traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001738. [PMID: 24358022 PMCID: PMC3866091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that causes substantial morbidity and mortality and for which no treatments are available. Stem cells offer some promise in the restoration of neurological function. We used systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression to study the impact of stem cell biology and experimental design on motor and sensory outcomes following stem cell treatments in animal models of SCI. One hundred and fifty-six publications using 45 different stem cell preparations met our prespecified inclusion criteria. Only one publication used autologous stem cells. Overall, allogeneic stem cell treatment appears to improve both motor (effect size, 27.2%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 25.0%-29.4%; 312 comparisons in 5,628 animals) and sensory (effect size, 26.3%; 95% CI, 7.9%-44.7%; 23 comparisons in 473 animals) outcome. For sensory outcome, most heterogeneity between experiments was accounted for by facets of stem cell biology. Differentiation before implantation and intravenous route of delivery favoured better outcome. Stem cell implantation did not appear to improve sensory outcome in female animals and appeared to be enhanced by isoflurane anaesthesia. Biological plausibility was supported by the presence of a dose-response relationship. For motor outcome, facets of stem cell biology had little detectable effect. Instead most heterogeneity could be explained by the experimental modelling and the outcome measure used. The location of injury, method of injury induction, and presence of immunosuppression all had an impact. Reporting of measures to reduce bias was higher than has been seen in other neuroscience domains but were still suboptimal. Motor outcomes studies that did not report the blinded assessment of outcome gave inflated estimates of efficacy. Extensive recent preclinical literature suggests that stem-cell-based therapies may offer promise, however the impact of compromised internal validity and publication bias mean that efficacy is likely to be somewhat lower than reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Antonic
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Lance Townsend Building, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily S. Sena
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S. Lees
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Taryn E. Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Lance Townsend Building, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peta Skeers
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Lance Townsend Building, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter E. Batchelor
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne Lance Townsend Building, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - Malcolm R. Macleod
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Howells
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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26
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Kingham PJ, Kolar MK, Novikova LN, Novikov LN, Wiberg M. Stimulating the neurotrophic and angiogenic properties of human adipose-derived stem cells enhances nerve repair. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:741-54. [PMID: 24124760 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In future, adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) might be used to treat neurological disorders. In this study, the neurotrophic and angiogenic properties of human ASC were evaluated, and their effects in a peripheral nerve injury model were determined. In vitro growth factor stimulation of the cells resulted in increased secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and angiopoietin-1 proteins. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells increased neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Similarly, stimulated cells showed an enhanced ability to induce capillary-like tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. ASC were seeded into a fibrin conduit that was used to bridge a 10 mm rat nerve gap. After 2 weeks, the animals treated with control or stimulated ASC showed an enhanced axon regeneration distance. Stimulated cells evoked more total axon growth. Analysis of regeneration and apoptosis-related gene expression showed that both ASC and stimulated ASC enhanced GAP-43 and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF-3) expression in the spinal cord and reduced c-jun expression in the DRG. Caspase-3 expression in the DRG was reduced by stimulated ASC. Both ASC and stimulated ASC also increased the vascularity of the fibrin nerve conduits. Thus, ASC produce functional neurotrophic and angiogenic factors, creating a more desirable microenvironment for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kingham
- 1 Section for Anatomy, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University , Umeå, Sweden
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27
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Widgerow AD, Salibian AA, Lalezari S, Evans GRD. Neuromodulatory nerve regeneration: adipose tissue-derived stem cells and neurotrophic mediation in peripheral nerve regeneration. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1517-24. [PMID: 24105674 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury requiring nerve gap reconstruction remains a major problem. In the quest to find an alternative to autogenous nerve graft procedures, attempts have been made to differentiate mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal lineages in vitro and utilize these cellular constructs for nerve regeneration. Unfortunately, this has produced mixed results, with no definitive procedure matching or surpassing traditional nerve grafting procedures. This review presents a different approach to nerve regeneration. The literature was reviewed to evaluate current methods of using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) for peripheral nerve regeneration in in vivo models of animal peripheral nerve injury. The authors present cited evidence for directing nerve regeneration through paracrine effects of ADSCs rather than through in vitro nerve regeneration. The paracrine effects rely mainly, but not solely, on the elaboration of nerve growth factors and neurotrophic mediators that influence surrounding host cells to orchestrate in vivo nerve regeneration. Although this paradigm has been indirectly referred to in a host of publications, few major efforts for this type of neuromodulatory nerve regeneration have been forthcoming. The ADSCs are initially "primed" in vitro using specialized controlled medium (not for neuronal differentiation but for sustainability) and then incorporated into a hydrogel base matrix designed for this purpose. This core matrix is then introduced into a natural collagen-based nerve conduit. The prototype design concepts, evidence for paracrine influences, and regulatory hurdles that are avoided using this approach are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Widgerow
- Institute of Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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28
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Bahn JJ, Chung JY, Im W, Kim M, Kim SH. Suitability of autologous serum for expanding rabbit adipose-derived stem cell populations. J Vet Sci 2013; 13:413-7. [PMID: 23271183 PMCID: PMC3539127 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.4.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are believed to have potential use for treating many illnesses. Most cells, including ASCs, are generally cultured in medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, FBS, which could induce an immune response or infection, is not recommended for clinical applications. In the present study, we evaluated the morphology, proliferation rate, and characterization of rabbit ASCs grown in medium containing autologous serum (AS) and compared these cells to ones cultured with FBS. Morphological changes were monitored by microscopy and flow cytometry. Proliferation rates were assessed with cell counting and ASC phenotypes were characterized by flow cytometry using representative surface markers (CD44 and CD45). Expression of epidermal growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results of our study showed that ASCs had a greater expansion rate in AS without developing morphological heterogeneity than cells grown in FBS. AS-cultured ASCs expressed representative growth factors, CD44 but not CD45, similar to cells cultured in FBS. Expression levels of some growth factors were different between AS and FBS. In conclusion, our findings indicated that AS could potentially be used as a culture medium supplement for the expansion of autologous ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Jun Bahn
- Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
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29
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Abstract
In 2001, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, described the isolation of a new population of adult stem cells from liposuctioned adipose tissue. These stem cells, now known as adipose-derived stem cells or ADSCs, have gone on to become one of the most popular adult stem cells populations in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. As of today, thousands of research and clinical articles have been published using ASCs, describing their possible pluripotency in vitro, their uses in regenerative animal models, and their application to the clinic. This paper outlines the progress made in the ASC field since their initial description in 2001, describing their mesodermal, ectodermal, and endodermal potentials both in vitro and in vivo, their use in mediating inflammation and vascularization during tissue regeneration, and their potential for reprogramming into induced pluripotent cells.
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