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Churm R, Williams LM, Dunseath G, Prior SL, Bracken RM. The polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate lowers circulating catecholamine concentrations and alters lipid metabolism during graded exercise in man: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1517-1526. [PMID: 36695951 PMCID: PMC10030435 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical exercise is shown to mitigate catecholamine metabolites; however, it is unknown if exercise-induced increases in sympatho-adrenal activity or catecholamine metabolites are influenced by ingestion of specific catechins found within green tea. This study explored the impact of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) ingestion on catecholamine metabolism during graded cycle exercise in humans. METHODS Eight males (22.4 ± 3.3 years, BMI:25.7 ± 2.4 kg.m2) performed a randomised, placebo-controlled, single-blind, cross-over trial after consumption (1450 mg) of either EGCG or placebo (PLAC) and performed graded cycling to volitional exhaustion. Venous bloods were taken at rest, 2 h post-ingestion and after every 3-min stage. Blood variables were analysed for catecholamines, catecholamine metanephrines and metabolic variables at rest, 2 h post-ingestion (POST-ING), peak rate of lipid oxidation (FATpeak), lactate threshold (LT) and peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Data were analysed using SPSS (Version 26). RESULTS Resting catecholamine and metanephrines were similar between trials. Plasma adrenaline (AD) was lower in ECGC treatment group between trials at FATpeak (P < 0.05), LT (P < 0.001) and VO2peak (P < 0.01). Noradrenaline (NA) was lower under EGCG at POST (P < 0.05), FATpeak (P < 0.05), LT (P < 0.01) and VO2peak (P < 0.05) compared to PLAC. Metanephrines, glucose and lactate increased similarly with exercise intensity in both trials. Lipid oxidation rate was 32% lower in EGCG at FATpeak (EGCG 0.33 ± 0.14 vs. PLAC 0.49 ± 0.11 g.min-1, P < 0.05). Cycle time to exhaustion was similar (NS). CONCLUSION Acute EGCG supplementation reduced circulating catecholamines but not; metanephrine, glucose or lactates, response to graded exercise. Lower circulating catecholamines may explain a lower lipid oxidation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Churm
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Engineering East, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK.
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK.
| | - Liam M Williams
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Engineering East, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Gareth Dunseath
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
| | - Sarah L Prior
- Medical School, Swansea University, Grove Building, Swansea, UK
| | - Richard M Bracken
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Engineering East, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
- Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
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Braschi A, Lo Presti R, Abrignani MG, Abrignani V, Traina M. Effects of green tea catechins and exercise training on body composition parameters. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:3-21. [PMID: 36446085 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2150152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The impact of phytochemicals, as green tea catechins, on body composition measures has become a relevant topic as ongoing epidemiological evidence suggests their potential role in weight loss. Although catechins have been shown to modulate fat and energy metabolism, clinical effects of green tea consumption still remain controversial. Given the role played by physical exercise in weight management, it is important to determine whether the association of catechins and exercise is able to improve outcomes over and above the beneficial effects of exercise alone. Considering that scientific findings on this topic are not entirely consistent, aim of the present review was to assess the current scientific literature regarding the interplay between green tea catechins and exercise in overweight and obese populations. In particular, it was evaluated whether the addition of green tea supplementation to exercise training was able to further improve the exercise-induced changes in body composition parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Braschi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Lo Presti
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giuseppe Abrignani
- Operative Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, S.Antonio Abate Hospital of Trapani, ASP Trapani, Trapani, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Abrignani
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine with Stroke Care, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Traina
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Rafiq T, Azab SM, Teo KK, Thabane L, Anand SS, Morrison KM, de Souza RJ, Britz-McKibbin P. Nutritional Metabolomics and the Classification of Dietary Biomarker Candidates: A Critical Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2333-2357. [PMID: 34015815 PMCID: PMC8634495 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in metabolomics allow for more objective assessment of contemporary food exposures, which have been proposed as an alternative or complement to self-reporting of food intake. However, the quality of evidence supporting the utility of dietary biomarkers as valid measures of habitual intake of foods or complex dietary patterns in diverse populations has not been systematically evaluated. We reviewed nutritional metabolomics studies reporting metabolites associated with specific foods or food groups; evaluated the interstudy repeatability of dietary biomarker candidates; and reported study design, metabolomic approach, analytical technique(s), and type of biofluid analyzed. A comprehensive literature search of 5 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and CINAHL) was conducted from inception through December 2020. This review included 244 studies, 169 (69%) of which were interventional studies (9 of these were replicated in free-living participants) and 151 (62%) of which measured the metabolomic profile of serum and/or plasma. Food-based metabolites identified in ≥1 study and/or biofluid were associated with 11 food-specific categories or dietary patterns: 1) fruits; 2) vegetables; 3) high-fiber foods (grain-rich); 4) meats; 5) seafood; 6) pulses, legumes, and nuts; 7) alcohol; 8) caffeinated beverages, teas, and cocoas; 9) dairy and soya; 10) sweet and sugary foods; and 11) complex dietary patterns and other foods. We conclude that 69 metabolites represent good candidate biomarkers of food intake. Quantitative measurement of these metabolites will advance our understanding of the relation between diet and chronic disease risk and support evidence-based dietary guidelines for global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Rafiq
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sandi M Azab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Koon K Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Russell J de Souza
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence & Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Zhao L, Sun QY, Ge ZJ. Potential role of tea extract in oocyte development. Food Funct 2021; 12:10311-10323. [PMID: 34610081 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01725j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tea is the second most popular beverage in the world and beneficial to health. It has been demonstrated that tea polyphenols can reduce the risk of diseases, such as cancers, diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's disease, etc. But the knowledge of tea extract on the female germline is limited. Folliculogenesis is a complicated process and prone to be affected by ROS. Tea polyphenols can reduce the accumulation of ROS in folliculogenesis and affect oocyte maturation. Tea extract also influences granulosa cell proliferation and expansion during oocyte growth and maturation. However, the studies about the benefits of tea extract on female germline are few, and the underlying mechanisms are obscure. In the present study, we will mainly discuss the effects of tea extract on ovarian function, oocyte maturation, and the underlying possible mechanisms, and according to the discussion, we suggest that tea extract may have benefits for oocytes at an appropriate dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China. .,Fertility Preservation Lab and Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Zhao-Jia Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China.
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Khoramipour K, Sandbakk Ø, Keshteli AH, Gaeini AA, Wishart DS, Chamari K. Metabolomics in Exercise and Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:547-583. [PMID: 34716906 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is a field of omics science that involves the comprehensive measurement of small metabolites in biological samples. It is increasingly being used to study exercise physiology and exercise-associated metabolism. However, the field of exercise metabolomics has not been extensively reviewed or assessed. OBJECTIVE This review on exercise metabolomics has three aims: (1) to provide an introduction to the general workflow and the different metabolomics technologies used to conduct exercise metabolomics studies; (2) to provide a systematic overview of published exercise metabolomics studies and their findings; and (3) to discuss future perspectives in the field of exercise metabolomics. METHODS We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the SpringerLink academic journal database between January 1st 2000 and September 30th 2020. RESULTS Based on our detailed analysis of the field, exercise metabolomics studies fall into five major categories: (1) exercise nutrition metabolism; (2) exercise metabolism; (3) sport metabolism; (4) clinical exercise metabolism; and (5) metabolome comparisons. Exercise metabolism is the most popular category. The most common biological samples used in exercise metabolomics studies are blood and urine. Only a small minority of exercise metabolomics studies employ targeted or quantitative techniques, while most studies used untargeted metabolomics techniques. In addition, mass spectrometry was the most commonly used platform in exercise metabolomics studies, identified in approximately 54% of all published studies. Our data indicate that biomarkers or biomarker panels were identified in 34% of published exercise metabolomics studies. CONCLUSION Overall, there is an increasing trend towards better designed, more clinical, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics studies involving larger numbers of participants/patients and larger numbers of metabolites being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvan Khoramipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Blvd. 22 Bahman, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Abbas Ali Gaeini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - David S Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.,Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2E9, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Kelly RS, Kelly MP, Kelly P. Metabolomics, physical activity, exercise and health: A review of the current evidence. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165936. [PMID: 32827647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and exercise are among the most important determinants of health. However, PA is a complex and heterogeneous behavior and the biological mechanisms through which it impacts individuals and populations in different ways are not well understood. Genetics and environment likely play pivotal roles but further work is needed to understand their relative contributions and how they may be mediated. Metabolomics offers a promising approach to explore these relationships. In this review, we provide a comprehensive appraisal of the PA-metabolomics literature to date. This overwhelmingly supports the hypothesis of a metabolomic response to PA, which can differ between groups and individuals. It also suggests a biological gradient in this response based on PA intensity, with some evidence for global longer-term changes in the metabolome of highly active individuals. However, many questions remain and we conclude by highlighting future critical research avenues to help elucidate the role of PA in the maintenance of health and the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael P Kelly
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SR. UK.
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Center (PAHRC), University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK.
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Abdul Majid N, Abdul Hamid A, Salleh SZ, Saari N, Abas F, Pak Dek MS, Ramli NS, Jaafar AH. Metabolomics approach to investigate the ergogenic effect of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract on obese Sprague Dawley rats. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:191-203. [PMID: 31381209 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural products are obtaining much acceptance as ergogenic aid, not only among athletes but also among the general population including people with excess body fat. Under normal circumstances, an obese person will have the desire and ability to exercise reduced; mainly because they are easily fatigued. Thus, they need to boost their energy production so that they can be more active and healthier. OBJECTIVE In this present work, Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract (MLE) which is believed to possess ergogenic property, was evaluated on its effect on an obese animal model using 1 H-NMR based metabolomics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks for obese development. Once this was achieved, all the rats underwent endurance exercise (forced swimming test) every 2 weeks for 8 weeks together with treatment. The time to exhaustion was recorded for each rat. Three different dosages of MLE: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight were used together with two positive controls: 5 mg/kg caffeine and 100 mg/kg green tea. Blood was collected before and after treatments for metabolomics study. RESULTS Findings showed that feeding the rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight MLE significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of the rats, and altered the metabolites present in their serum. Discriminating metabolites involved were the product of various metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, lipids metabolism and energy metabolism. Treatment with 200 mg/kg body weight MLE resulted in significant improvement in the metabolic perturbations where the proximity of the obese exercised treated group to that of normal exercised group in the partial least squares discriminant analysis score plot was observed. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrated ergogenic property of MLE based on the improved metabolic perturbation in exercised obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordiana Abdul Majid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Zikri Salleh
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sabri Pak Dek
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Haniff Jaafar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bagheri R, Rashidlamir A, Ashtary-Larky D, Wong A, Grubbs B, Motevalli MS, Baker JS, Laher I, Zouhal H. Effects of green tea extract supplementation and endurance training on irisin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and adiponectin concentrations in overweight middle-aged men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:915-923. [PMID: 32095935 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Green tea extract (GTE) supplementation has been proposed to possess anti-inflammatory properties. This study assessed the effects of GTE on endurance training (ET) induced changes on irisin, pro-inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin and anthropometric indices in overweight middle-aged males. METHODS Participants were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 15): endurance training + placebo (ET + P), endurance training + green tea extract supplementation (ET + GTE), and no endurance training + placebo (P). The ET intervention consisted of an 8-week training program that included circuit training, fast walking or jogging performed three times/week at a moderate intensity (40-59% of the heart rate reserve). Participants received 500 mg/day GTE using a green tea capsule. Serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), irisin, adiponectin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured prior to and after the 8-week training intervention. RESULTS Both exercise interventions decreased IL-6 and hs-CRP (p < 0.05), and increased adiponectin (p < 0.01) levels; changes in these variables were greater in the ET + GTE group compared to the ET + P and P groups (p < 0.01). Irisin concentrations increased only in the ET + GTE group and were different from the ET + P and P groups (p < 0.01). There were no changes in TNF-α concentrations in any of the groups. Both exercise interventions (ET + GTE and ET + P) decreased bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and visceral fat area (VFA) (p < 0.05), with greater changes in these variables occurring in the ET + GTE group compared to ET + P and P groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The combination of GTE supplementation and ET produces beneficial anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects, which were greater than those produced by ET alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Rashidlamir
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Brandon Grubbs
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Mohamad S Motevalli
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Julien S Baker
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong,, Hong Kong
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Acute Ingestion of a Mixed Flavonoid and Caffeine Supplement Increases Energy Expenditure and Fat Oxidation in Adult Women: A Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112665. [PMID: 31694152 PMCID: PMC6893703 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, double-blinded, crossover study measured the acute effect of ingesting a mixed flavonoid-caffeine (MFC) supplement compared to placebo (PL) on energy expenditure (EE) and fat oxidation (FATox) in a metabolic chamber with premenopausal women (n = 19, mean ± SD, age 30.7 ± 8.0 year, BMI 25.7 ± 3.4 kg/m2). The MFC supplement (658 mg flavonoids, split dose 8:30, 13:00) contained quercetin, green tea catechins, and anthocyanins from bilberry extract, and 214 mg caffeine. Participants were measured twice in a metabolic chamber for a day, four weeks apart, with outcomes including 22 h EE (8:30-6:30), substrate utilization from the respiratory quotient (RQ), plasma caffeine levels (16:00), and genotyping for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs762551. Areas under the curve (AUC) for metabolic data from the MFC and PL trials were calculated using the trapezoid rule, with a mixed linear model (GLM) used to evaluate the overall treatment effect. The 22 h oxygen consumption and EE were significantly higher with MFC than PL (1582 ± 143, 1535 ± 154 kcal/day, respectively, p = 0.003, trial difference of 46.4 ± 57.8 kcal/day). FATox trended higher for MFC when evaluated using GLM (99.2 ± 14.0, 92.4 ± 14.4 g/22 h, p = 0.054). Plasma caffeine levels were significantly higher in the MFC versus PL trial (5031 ± 289, 276 ± 323 ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). Trial differences for 22 h EE and plasma caffeine were unrelated after controlling for age and body mass (r = -0.249, p = 0.139), and not different for participants with the homozygous allele 1, A/A, compared to C/A and C/C (p = 0.50 and 0.56, respectively). In conclusion, EE was higher for MFC compared to PL, and similar to effects estimated from previous trials using caffeine alone. A small effect of the MFC on FATox was measured, in contrast to inconsistent findings previously reported for this caffeine dose. The trial variance for 22 h EE was not significantly related to the variance in plasma caffeine levels or CYP1A2*1F allele carriers and non-carriers.
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Ghasemi E, Nayebifar S. Benefits of 10 weeks of high-intensity interval training and green tea supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors and VO 2max in overweight women. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:79. [PMID: 31620178 PMCID: PMC6788331 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_499_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Considered the increasing rate of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and a positive relationship between prevalence of CVDs and obesity, the goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of green tea supplement and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on lipid panel, fibrinogen, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in overweight women. Materials and Methods In this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial, 30 overweight women (age range, 20-30 years), were chosen purposefully and randomly divided into three equal groups (green tea, HIIT + green tea, and HIIT + placebo), and they trained HIIT workouts for 10 weeks (40-m maximal shuttle run) and used 500 mg/daily green tea or placebo tablets. Serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), and plasma level of fibrinogen were assessed before and after the intervention in fasting state. To test the hypothesis of the research, Paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, analysis of covariance, and Tukey's post hoc tests were used at the significance level of P ≤ 0.05. Results After 10 weeks, TG, LDL, weight, fibrinogen, and body fat percentage decreased in all groups (P ≤ 0.05). Further, HDL (P = 0.012) and VO2max (P = 0.007) significantly increased in HIIT + green tea and HIIT + placebo groups; while in the green tea group, HDL (P = 0.06) and VO2max (P = 0.06) showed no significant difference for within group differences. Average between-group variations of all indicators were statistically significant, and they were more meaningfully pronounced in HIIT + green tea group than the other two groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion Based on the findings, the combination of HIIT and green tea consumption significantly leads to a reduction in weight, body fat percentage, fibrinogen, TG, and LDL while improves VO2max and HDL levels rather than green tea consumption or performing training alone, in overweight women. However, it seems that exercise training has a vital role in the improvement of mentioned variables according to percentage changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghasemi
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Shila Nayebifar
- Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
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Sakaguchi CA, Nieman DC, Signini EF, Abreu RM, Catai AM. Metabolomics-Based Studies Assessing Exercise-Induced Alterations of the Human Metabolome: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9080164. [PMID: 31405020 PMCID: PMC6724094 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9080164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review provides a qualitative appraisal of 24 high-quality metabolomics-based studies published over the past decade exploring exercise-induced alterations of the human metabolome. Of these papers, 63% focused on acute metabolite changes following intense and prolonged exercise. The best studies utilized liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical platforms with large chemical standard libraries and strong, multivariate bioinformatics support. These studies reported large-fold changes in diverse lipid-related metabolites, with more than 100 increasing two-fold or greater within a few hours post-exercise. Metabolite shifts, even after strenuous exercise, typically return to near pre-exercise levels after one day of recovery. Few studies investigated metabolite changes following acute exercise bouts of shorter durations (< 60 min) and workload volumes. Plasma metabolite shifts in these types of studies are modest in comparison. More cross-sectional and exercise training studies are needed to improve scientific understanding of the human system’s response to varying, chronic exercise workloads. The findings derived from this review provide direction for future investigations focused on the body’s metabolome response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila A Sakaguchi
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - David C Nieman
- North Carolina Research Campus, Appalachian State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Etore F Signini
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Raphael M Abreu
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Aparecida M Catai
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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Matcha Green Tea Drinks Enhance Fat Oxidation During Brisk Walking in Females. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:536-541. [PMID: 29345213 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Intake of the catechin epigallocatechin gallate and caffeine has been shown to enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation. Matcha green tea powder contains catechins and caffeine and is consumed as a drink. We examined the effect of Matcha green tea drinks on metabolic, physiological, and perceived intensity responses during brisk walking. A total of 13 females (age: 27 ± 8 years, body mass: 65 ± 7 kg, height: 166 ± 6 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Resting metabolic equivalent (1-MET) was measured using Douglas bags (1-MET: 3.4 ± 0.3 ml·kg-1·min-1). Participants completed an incremental walking protocol to establish the relationship between walking speed and oxygen uptake and individualize the walking speed at 5- or 6-MET. A randomized, crossover design was used with participants tested between Days 9 and 11 of the menstrual cycle (follicular phase). Participants consumed three drinks (each drink made with 1 g of Matcha premium grade; OMGTea Ltd., Brighton, UK) the day before and one drink 2 hr before the 30-min walk at 5- (n = 10) or 6-MET (walking speed: 5.8 ± 0.4 km/hr) with responses measured at 8-10, 18-20, and 28-30 min. Matcha had no effect on physiological and perceived intensity responses. Matcha resulted in lower respiratory exchange ratio (control: 0.84 ± 0.04; Matcha: 0.82 ± 0.04; p < .01) and enhanced fat oxidation during a 30-min brisk walk (control: 0.31 ± 0.10; Matcha: 0.35 ± 0.11 g/min; p < .01). Matcha green tea drinking can enhance exercise-induced fat oxidation in females. However, when regular brisk walking with 30-min bouts is being undertaken as part of a weight loss program, the metabolic effects of Matcha should not be overstated.
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Influence of acute ingestion and regular intake of green tea catechins on resting oxidative stress biomarkers assays in a paralleled randomized controlled crossover supplementation study in healthy men. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Eng QY, Thanikachalam PV, Ramamurthy S. Molecular understanding of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 210:296-310. [PMID: 28864169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic compound present in green tea [Camellia sinensis (Theaceae], has shown numerous cardiovascular health promoting activity through modulating various pathways. However, molecular understanding of the cardiovascular protective role of EGCG has not been reported. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to compile the preclinical and clinical studies that had been done on EGCG to investigate its protective effect on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in order to provide a systematic guidance for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research papers related to EGCG were obtained from the major scientific databases, for example, Science direct, PubMed, NCBI, Springer and Google scholar, from 1995 to 2017. RESULTS EGCG was found to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties including anti-atherosclerosis, anti-cardiac hypertrophy, anti-myocardial infarction, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. These therapeutic effects are mainly associated with the inhibition of LDL cholesterol (anti-atherosclerosis), inhibition of NF-κB (anti-cardiac hypertrophy), inhibition of MPO activity (anti-myocardial infarction), reduction in plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin level (anti-diabetes), reduction of inflammatory markers (anti-inflammatory) and the inhibition of ROS generation (antioxidant). CONCLUSION EGCG shows different biological activities and in this review, a compilation of how this bioactive molecule plays its role in treating cardiovascular and metabolic diseases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yi Eng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Malaysia
| | | | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Malaysia.
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15
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Effect of green tea extract on bone mass and body composition in individuals with diabetes. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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Yang CS, Wang H, Sheridan ZP. Studies on prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer by tea. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 26:1-13. [PMID: 29389543 PMCID: PMC9332647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea, a popular beverage made from leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, has been studied extensively in recent decades for its beneficial health effects in the prevention of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cancer, and other diseases. Whereas these beneficial effects have been convincingly demonstrated in most laboratory studies, results from human studies have not been consistent. Some studies demonstrated that weight reduction, alleviation of metabolic syndrome and risk reduction in diabetes were only observed in individuals who consume 3-4 cups of tea (600-900 mg tea catechins) or more daily. This chapter reviews some of these studies, the possible mechanisms of actions of tea constituents, and the challenges in extrapolating laboratory studies to human situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shu Yang
- Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8020, USA. Fax: +1 732 445 0687. E-mail address: (C.S. Yang)
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Fujimura Y, Miura D, Tachibana H. A Phytochemical-Sensing Strategy Based on Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolic Profiling for Understanding the Functionality of the Medicinal Herb Green Tea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101621. [PMID: 28953237 PMCID: PMC6151411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight phytochemicals have health benefits and reduce the risk of diseases, but the mechanisms underlying their activities have remained elusive because of the lack of a methodology that can easily visualize the exact behavior of such small molecules. Recently, we developed an in situ label-free imaging technique, called mass spectrometry imaging, for visualizing spatially-resolved biotransformations based on simultaneous mapping of the major bioactive green tea polyphenol and its phase II metabolites. In addition, we established a mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling technique capable of evaluating the bioactivities of diverse green tea extracts, which contain multiple phytochemicals, by focusing on their compositional balances. This methodology allowed us to simultaneously evaluate the relative contributions of the multiple compounds present in a multicomponent system to its bioactivity. This review highlights small molecule-sensing techniques for visualizing the complex behaviors of herbal components and linking such information to an enhanced understanding of the functionalities of multicomponent medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
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18
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Yerba Maté (Ilex paraguariensis) Metabolic, Satiety, and Mood State Effects at Rest and during Prolonged Exercise. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080882. [PMID: 28809814 PMCID: PMC5579675 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Yerba Maté (YM), has become a popular herb ingested for enhancing metabolic health and weight-loss outcomes. No studies have tested the combined metabolic, satiety, and psychomotor effects of YM during exercise. We tested whether YM ingestion affects fatty acid oxidation (FAO), profile of mood state score (POMS), and subjective appetite scale (VAS), during prolonged moderate exercise. Twelve healthy active females were randomized to ingest either 2 g of YM or placebo (PLC) in a repeated-measures design. Participants rested for 120 min before performing a 30-min cycling exercise corresponding to individuals’ crossover point intensity (COP). FAO, determined using indirect calorimetry, was significantly higher during the 30-min exercise in YM vs. PLC (0.21 ± 0.07 vs. 0.17 ± 0.06 g/min, p < 0.05). VAS scores for hunger, prospective eating, and desire to eat were all reduced (p < 0.05). Whereas, POMS measures of focus, energy, and concentration were all increased (p < 0.05). There was no significant time-effect for any of the measured variables, nor was there any interaction effects between YM treatment and time. Combining YM intake with prolonged exercise at targeted ”fat-loss”’ intensities augments FAO and improves measures of satiety and mood state. Such positive combined metabolic, satiety, and psychomotor effects may provide an important role for designing future fat and weight-loss lifestyle interventions.
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Nieman DC, Ramamoorthy S, Kay CD, Goodman CL, Capps CR, Shue ZL, Heyl N, Grace MH, Lila MA. Influence of Ingesting a Flavonoid-Rich Supplement on the Metabolome and Concentration of Urine Phenolics in Overweight/Obese Women. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28631923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of ingesting a flavonoid-rich supplement (329 mg/d) on total urine phenolics and shifts in plasma metabolites in overweight/obese female adults using untargeted metabolomics procedures. Participants (N = 103, 18-65 y, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were randomized to flavonoid (F) or placebo (P) groups for 12 weeks with blood and 24 h urine samples collected prestudy and after 4 and 12 weeks in a parallel design. Supplements were prepared as chewable tablets and included vitamin C, wild bilberry fruit extract, green tea leaf extract, quercetin, caffeine, and omega 3 fatty acids. At 4 weeks, urine total phenolics increased 24% in F versus P with similar changes at 12 weeks (interaction effect, P = 0.041). Groups did not differ in markers of inflammation (IL-6, MCP-1, CRP) or oxidative stress (oxLDL, FRAP). Metabolomics data indicated shifts in 63 biochemicals in F versus P with 70% from the lipid and xenobiotics superpathways. The largest fold changes in F were measured for three gut-derived phenolics including 3-methoxycatechol sulfate, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid sulfate, and 1,2,3-benzenetriol sulfate (interaction effects, p ≤ 0.050). This randomized clinical trial of overweight/obese women showed that 12 weeks ingestion of a mixed flavonoid nutrient supplement was associated with a corresponding increase in urine total phenolics and gut-derived phenolic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | | | - Colin D Kay
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Courtney L Goodman
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Christopher R Capps
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Zack L Shue
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Nicole Heyl
- Human Performance Lab, Appalachian State University , North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mary H Grace
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
| | - Mary A Lila
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, North Carolina State University , North Carolina Research Campus, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, United States
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20
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Saguie BO, Romana-Souza B, Martins RL, Monte-Alto-Costa A. Exercise prior to, but not concomitant with, stress reverses stress-induced delayed skin wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2017. [PMID: 28628259 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced prolonged inflammation impairs cutaneous wound healing. Exercise may inhibit this effect via an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Our aim was to investigate the effect of moderate exercise on skin wound healing in chronically stressed mice. Mice were trained five times per week on a treadmill or received no training. Mice underwent daily rotational stress from the 6th week until euthanasia. During the 8th week, two wounds were created in the dorsum and collected 10 days later. A control group only received wounds. Exercise was performed prior to and simultaneous with stress for 2 weeks or only prior to stress. Stress increased normetanephrine levels 10 days after wounding, resulting in an increased amount of inflammatory cells and reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as angiogenesis, myofibroblast differentiation and matrix deposition. Concomitant exercise and stress potentiated these effects, intensifying the delayed wound contraction. When exercise was performed only prior to stress, however, the mice showed reduced inflammatory cells in granulation tissue 10 days after wounding and improved wound healing compared with animals with exercise and concomitant stress. Moderate exercise in association with stress potentiates the stress effect; however, when exercise was performed prior to stress, wound healing was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca O Saguie
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Romana-Souza
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rayssa L Martins
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monte-Alto-Costa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Serum metabolomics reveals the mechanistic role of functional foods and exercise for obesity management in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 142:91-101. [PMID: 28500980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the independent risk factors for several health problems, leading to metabolic perturbations and for which analytical approaches i.e., "metabolomics" is needed to monitor the underlying metabolic changes. In this study, obesity associated changes were assessed via serum metabolites analysis of obese rats fed on high fat diet. Obese rats were subsequently treated with different functional foods used for obesity management including pomegranate, grapefruit, and red cabbage in parallel to swimming exercise. Serum samples were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) followed by multivariate data analysis to classify samples and determine if such treatments can help revert obesity related metabolic changes back to normal status. Results led to the identification of several novel metabolites biomarkers for obesity related to lipids, amino acids and central tricarboxylic acid (TCA) pathways. Distinct variations in metabolite levels were recorded in obese rats compared to normal ones including l-aspartic, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-glycine, phenylethanolamine, α-aminobutyric acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid. Metabolomics approach developed herein provides novel insight onto the metabolic disturbances associated with obesity, which will assist in future drug design that can help mitigate against such changes.
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Martin BJ, McGlory C, MacInnis MJ, Allison MK, Phillips SM, Gibala MJ. Green tea extract does not affect exogenous glucose appearance but reduces insulinemia with glucose ingestion in exercise recovery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:1282-1289. [PMID: 27763877 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00657.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported that supplementation with green tea extract (GTE) lowered the glycemic response to an oral glucose load following exercise, but via an unknown mechanism (Martin BJ, MacInnis MJ, Gillen JB, Skelly LE, Gibala MJ. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 41: 1057-1063, 2016. Here we examined the effect of supplementation with GTE on plasma glucose kinetics on ingestion of a glucose beverage during exercise recovery. Eleven healthy, sedentary men (21 ± 2 yr old; body mass index = 23 ± 4 kg/m2, peak O2 uptake = 38 ± 7 ml·kg-1·min-1; means ± SD) ingested GTE (350 mg) or placebo (PLA) thrice daily for 7 days in a double-blind, crossover design. In the fasted state, a primed constant infusion of [U-13C6]glucose was started, and 1 h later, subjects performed a graded exercise test (25 W/3 min) on a cycle ergometer. Immediately postexercise, subjects ingested a 75-g glucose beverage containing 2 g of [6,6-2H2]glucose, and blood samples were collected every 10 min for 3 h of recovery. The rate of carbohydrate oxidation was lower during exercise after GTE vs. PLA (1.26 ± 0.34 vs. 1.48 ± 0.51 g/min, P = 0.04). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was not different between treatments after drink ingestion (GTE = 1,067 ± 133 vs. PLA = 1,052 ± 91 mM/180 min, P = 0.91). Insulin AUC was lower after GTE vs. PLA (5,673 ± 2,153 vs. 7,039 ± 2,588 µIU/180 min, P = 0.05), despite similar rates of glucose appearance (GTE = 0.42 ± 0.16 vs. PLA = 0.43 ± 0.13 g/min, P = 0.74) and disappearance (GTE = 0.43 ± 0.14 vs. PLA = 0.44 ± 0.14 g/min, P = 0.57). We conclude that short-term GTE supplementation did not affect glucose kinetics following ingestion of an oral glucose load postexercise; however, GTE was associated with attenuated insulinemia. These findings suggest GTE lowers the insulin required for a given glucose load during postexercise recovery, which warrants further mechanistic studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary K Allison
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Physiological effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on energy expenditure for prospective fat oxidation in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 43:1-10. [PMID: 27883924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Green tea catechins (GTCs) are known to improve fat oxidation (FOX) during fasted, rested and exercise conditions wherein epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is thought to be the most pharmacologically active and has been studied extensively. From the available data of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on EGCG, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate whether EGCG consumption indeed increase energy expenditure (EE) and promote FOX. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, JICST, JSTPLUS, and JMEDPLUS and others) and eight RCTs were included. RCTs were reviewed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and methodological quality was assessed. After data extraction, results were aggregated using fixed- and random-effect approaches and expressed to quantify the relationship between the dose of EGCG for respiratory quotient (RQ), EE and rate of FOX to compare the EGCG and placebo treatments. The meta-analysis results of verities of studies in terms of dose and length of duration revealed that EGCG supplementation provided significant mean difference (MD) when compared with placebo for RQ [MD: -0.02; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), -0.04 to 0.00; I2=67%; P=.01] and EE [MD: 158.05 kJ/day; 95% CI, 4.72 to 311.38; I2=0%; P=.04] in fixed-effect approach. Changes in FOX did not reach the level of statistical significance. Meta-analyses of EGCG influence on the body mass index, waist circumference and total body fat mass (TBFM) were also examined and their impact on the promotion of FOX is reported. Effect of EGCG doses was also systematically reviewed. Finding showed that EGCG intake moderately accelerates EE and reduces RQ. The analyses revealed that the EGCG resulted in difference in RQ and EE but the effect on the other measures of energy metabolism was relatively mild. Possibly, EGCG alone has the potential to increase metabolic rate at 300 mg dose. Collectively, the outcome supports the findings that EGCG has an effect on metabolic parameters. However, the large prospective trials are needed to confirm the findings.
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Zafeiridis A, Chatziioannou AC, Sarivasiliou H, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG, Vrabas IS, Pechlivanis A, Zoumpoulakis P, Baskakis C, Dipla K, Theodoridis GA. Global Metabolic Stress of Isoeffort Continuous and High Intensity Interval Aerobic Exercise: A Comparative 1H NMR Metabonomic Study. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4452-4463. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zafeiridis
- Exercise
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education
and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62121, Greece
| | | | - Haralambos Sarivasiliou
- Exercise
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education
and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62121, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Exercise
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education
and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62121, Greece
| | - Michalis G. Nikolaidis
- Exercise
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education
and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62121, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Vrabas
- Exercise
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education
and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62121, Greece
| | - Alexandros Pechlivanis
- Biomolecular
Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department
of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635 Greece
| | - Constantinos Baskakis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens, 11635 Greece
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Exercise
Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Physical Education
and Sport Sciences at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62121, Greece
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Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, Bedell S, Kurzer MS, Stendell-Hollis NR. Green tea extract and catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype modify the post-prandial serum insulin response in a randomised trial of overweight and obese post-menopausal women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2016; 30:166-176. [PMID: 27600055 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea extract (GTE) may be involved in a favourable post-prandial response to high-carbohydrate meals. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype may modify these effects. We examined the acute effects of GTE supplementation on the post-prandial response to a high-carbohydrate meal by assessing appetite-associated hormones and glucose homeostasis marker concentrations in women who consumed 843 mg of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) or placebo capsules for 11-12 months. METHODS Sixty Caucasian post-menopausal women (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg m-2 ) were included in a randomised, double-blind feeding study. GTE was consumed with a breakfast meal [2784.0 kJ (665.4 kcal); 67.2% carbohydrate]. Blood samples were drawn pre-meal, post-meal, and every 30 min for 4 h. Participants completed six satiety questionnaires. RESULTS Plasma leptin, ghrelin and adiponectin did not differ between GTE and placebo at any time point; COMT genotype did not modify these results. Participants randomised to GTE with the high-activity form of COMT (GTE-high COMT) had higher insulin concentrations at time 0, 0.5 and 1.0 h post-meal compared to all COMT groups randomised to placebo. Insulin remained higher in the GTE-high COMT group at 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 h compared to Placebo-low COMT (P < 0.02). GTE-high COMT had higher insulin concentrations at times 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 h compared to the GTE-low COMT (P ≤ 0.04). Area under the curve measurements of satiety did not differ between GTE and placebo. CONCLUSIONS GTE supplementation and COMT genotype did not alter acute post-prandial responses of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin or satiety, although it may be involved in post-meal insulinaemic response of overweight and obese post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dostal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Arikawa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - L Espejo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - S Bedell
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - M S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - N R Stendell-Hollis
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, USA
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van Duynhoven JPM, Jacobs DM. Assessment of dietary exposure and effect in humans: The role of NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 96:58-72. [PMID: 27573181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In human nutritional science progress has always depended strongly on analytical measurements for establishing relationships between diet and health. This field has undergone significant changes as a result of the development of NMR and mass spectrometry methods for large scale detection, identification and quantification of metabolites in body fluids. This has allowed systematic studies of the metabolic fingerprints that biological processes leave behind, and has become the research field of metabolomics. As a metabolic profiling technique, NMR is at its best when its unbiased nature, linearity and reproducibility are exploited in well-controlled nutritional intervention and cross-sectional population screening studies. Although its sensitivity is less good than that of mass spectrometry, NMR has maintained a strong position in metabolomics through implementation of standardisation protocols, hyphenation with mass spectrometry and chromatographic techniques, accurate quantification and spectral deconvolution approaches, and high-throughput automation. Thus, NMR-based metabolomics has contributed uniquely to new insights into dietary exposure, in particular by unravelling the metabolic fates of phytochemicals and the discovery of dietary intake markers. NMR profiling has also contributed to the understanding of the subtle effects of diet on central metabolism and lipoprotein metabolism. In order to hold its ground in nutritional metabolomics, NMR will need to step up its performance in sensitivity and resolution; the most promising routes forward are the analytical use of dynamic nuclear polarisation and developments in microcoil construction and automated fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P M van Duynhoven
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3130AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Doris M Jacobs
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3130AC Vlaardingen, The Netherlands
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Martin BJ, MacInnis MJ, Gillen JB, Skelly LE, Gibala MJ. Short-term green tea extract supplementation attenuates the postprandial blood glucose and insulin response following exercise in overweight men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1057-1063. [PMID: 27690569 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Green tea extract (GTE) ingestion improves glucose homeostasis in healthy and diabetic humans, but the interactive effect of GTE and exercise is unknown. The present study examined the effect of short-term GTE supplementation on the glycemic response to an oral glucose load at rest and following an acute bout of exercise, as well as substrate oxidation during exercise. Eleven sedentary, overweight men with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol·L-1 (age, 34 ± 13 years; body mass index = 32 ± 5 kg·m-2; FPG = 6.8 ± 1.0; mean ± SD) ingested GTE (3× per day, 1050 mg·day-1 total) or placebo (PLA) for 7 days in a double-blind, crossover design. The effects of a 75-g glucose drink were assessed on 4 occasions during both GTE and PLA treatments: On days 1 and 5 at rest, and again following an acute bout of exercise on days 3 and 8. The glycemic response was assessed via an indwelling continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and venous blood draws. At rest, 1-h CGM glucose area under the curve was not different (P > 0.05), but the postexercise response was lower after GTE versus PLA (330 ± 53 and 393 ± 65 mmol·L-1·min-1, main effect of treatment, P < 0.05). The 1-h postprandial peaks in venous blood glucose (8.6 ± 1.6 and 9.8 ± 2.2 mmol·L-1) and insulin (96 ± 59 and 124 ± 68 μIU·ml-1) were also lower postexercise with GTE versus PLA (time × treatment interactions, P < 0.05). In conclusion, short-term GTE supplementation did not affect postprandial glucose at rest; however, GTE was associated with an attenuated glycemic response following a postexercise oral glucose load. These data suggest that GTE might alter skeletal muscle glucose uptake in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Martin
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin J MacInnis
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jenna B Gillen
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Lauren E Skelly
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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28
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Sugita M, Kapoor MP, Nishimura A, Okubo T. Influence of green tea catechins on oxidative stress metabolites at rest and during exercise in healthy humans. Nutrition 2016; 32:321-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dostal AM, Arikawa A, Espejo L, Kurzer MS. Long-Term Supplementation of Green Tea Extract Does Not Modify Adiposity or Bone Mineral Density in a Randomized Trial of Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women. J Nutr 2016; 146:256-64. [PMID: 26701796 PMCID: PMC4725430 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.219238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green tea extract (GTE) consumption has been linked to favorable changes in adiposity and bone mineral density (BMD), although it is unknown if these effects are due to green tea catechins or caffeine. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype may also modify these associations. OBJECTIVE We examined the impact of decaffeinated GTE on body composition (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and obesity-associated hormones. METHODS The Minnesota Green Tea Trial was a 12-mo randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 937 postmenopausal women (aged 50-70 y) assigned to receive either GTE containing 843 mg (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate or placebo. This substudy was conducted in 121 overweight/obese participants [body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) ≥25.0]. RESULTS There were no differences in changes in BMI (-0.13 ± 0.11 compared with -0.05 ± 0.11; P = 0.61), total fat mass (-0.30 ± 0.16 compared with -0.12 ± 0.15 kg; P = 0.40), percentage of body fat (-0.15% ± 0.17% compared with -0.15% ± 0.16%; P = 0.99), or BMD (-0.006 ± 0.002 compared with -0.003 ± 0.002 g/cm(2); P = 0.49) over 12 mo between women taking GTE (n = 61) and those taking a placebo (n = 60). Interactions were observed between treatment and time for gynoid percentage of fat (%fat) and tissue %fat. Gynoid %fat increased from baseline to month 12 in the placebo group as baseline BMI increased and decreased over time as baseline BMI increased in the GTE group (P-interaction = 0.02). Tissue %fat increased from baseline to month 12 in the placebo group as baseline BMI increased. In the GTE group, tissue %fat decreased during the intervention as baseline BMI increased (P-interaction = 0.04). No changes were seen in circulating leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, or insulin concentrations. COMT genotype did not modify the effect of GTE on any variable. CONCLUSIONS Decaffeinated GTE was not associated with overall reductions in adiposity or improvements in BMD in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. However, GTE may be beneficial for reduction in tissue and gynoid %fat in individuals with higher BMI. This clinical trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00917735.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Dostal
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN; and
| | - Andrea Arikawa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Luis Espejo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN; and
| | - Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN; and
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30
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Yang CS, Zhang J, Zhang L, Huang J, Wang Y. Mechanisms of body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation by tea. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:160-74. [PMID: 26577614 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tea, a popular beverage made from leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis, has been shown to reduce body weight, alleviate metabolic syndrome, and prevent diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in animal models and humans. Such beneficial effects have generally been observed in most human studies when the level of tea consumption was three to four cups (600-900 mg tea catechins) or more per day. Green tea is more effective than black tea. In spite of numerous studies, the fundamental mechanisms for these actions still remain unclear. From a review of the literature, we propose that the two major mechanisms are: (i) decreasing absorption of lipids and proteins by tea constituents in the intestine, thus reducing calorie intake; and (ii) activating AMP-activated protein kinase by tea polyphenols that are bioavailable in the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissues. The relative importance of these two mechanisms depends on the types of tea and diet consumed by individuals. The activated AMP-activated protein kinase would decrease gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis and increase catabolism, leading to body weight reduction and metabolic syndrome alleviation. Other mechanisms and the health relevance of these beneficial effects of tea consumption remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Jinbao Huang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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31
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Anderson JC. Measuring breath acetone for monitoring fat loss: Review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2327-34. [PMID: 26524104 PMCID: PMC4737348 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endogenous acetone production is a by-product of the fat metabolism process. Because of its small size, acetone appears in exhaled breath. Historically, endogenous acetone has been measured in exhaled breath to monitor ketosis in healthy and diabetic subjects. Recently, breath acetone concentration (BrAce) has been shown to correlate with the rate of fat loss in healthy individuals. In this review, the measurement of breath acetone in healthy subjects is evaluated for its utility in predicting fat loss and its sensitivity to changes in physiologic parameters. RESULTS BrAce can range from 1 ppm in healthy non-dieting subjects to 1,250 ppm in diabetic ketoacidosis. A strong correlation exists between increased BrAce and the rate of fat loss. Multiple metabolic and respiratory factors affect the measurement of BrAce. BrAce is most affected by changes in the following factors (in descending order): dietary macronutrient composition, caloric restriction, exercise, pulmonary factors, and other assorted factors that increase fat metabolism or inhibit acetone metabolism. Pulmonary factors affecting acetone exchange in the lung should be controlled to optimize the breath sample for measurement. CONCLUSIONS When biologic factors are controlled, BrAce measurement provides a non-invasive tool for monitoring the rate of fat loss in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C. Anderson
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonUSA
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32
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Jaiyen C, Jutabha P, Anzai N, Lungkaphin A, Soodvilai S, Srimaroeng C. Interaction of green tea catechins with renal organic cation transporter 2. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:641-650. [PMID: 26576923 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1107785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1. Green tea extract (GTE) and EGCG have previously shown to increase the uptake of MPP+ into Caco-2 cells. However, whether GTE and its derivatives interact with renal basolateral organic cation transporter 2 (Oct2) which plays a crucial role for cationic clearance remains unknown. Thus, this study assessed the potential of drug-green tea (GT) catechins and its derivatives interactions with rat Oct2 using renal cortical slices and S2 stably expressing rat Oct2 (S2rOct2). 2. Both GTE and ECG inhibited MPP+ uptake in renal slices in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 2.71 ± 0.360 mg/ml and 0.87 ± 0.151 mM), and this inhibitory effect was reversible. Inhibition of [3H]MPP+ transport in S2rOct2 by either GTE or ECG (IC50 = 1.90 ± 0.087 mg/ml and 1.67 ± 0.088 mM) was also observed. 3. The weak and reversible interactions of GTE and ECG with rOct2 indicate that consumption of GT beverages could not interfere with cationic drugs secreted via renal OCT2 in humans. However, the rise of therapeutic use of GTE and ECG might have to take into account the significant possibility of adverse drug-green tea catechins interactions which could alter renal organic cation drug clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaliya Jaiyen
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.,b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine , Tochigi , Japan , and
| | - Promsuk Jutabha
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine , Tochigi , Japan , and
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Dokkyo Medical University, School of Medicine , Tochigi , Japan , and
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sunhapas Soodvilai
- c Department of Physiology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Chutima Srimaroeng
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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33
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Craig DM, Ashcroft SP, Belew MY, Stocks B, Currell K, Baar K, Philp A. Utilizing small nutrient compounds as enhancers of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Front Physiol 2015; 6:296. [PMID: 26578969 PMCID: PMC4621424 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise, when performed regularly as part of a training program, leads to increases in whole-body and skeletal muscle-specific oxidative capacity. At the cellular level, this adaptive response is manifested by an increased number of oxidative fibers (Type I and IIA myosin heavy chain), an increase in capillarity and an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. The increase in mitochondrial biogenesis (increased volume and functional capacity) is fundamentally important as it leads to greater rates of oxidative phosphorylation and an improved capacity to utilize fatty acids during sub-maximal exercise. Given the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis for skeletal muscle performance, considerable attention has been given to understanding the molecular cues stimulated by endurance exercise that culminate in this adaptive response. In turn, this research has led to the identification of pharmaceutical compounds and small nutritional bioactive ingredients that appear able to amplify exercise-responsive signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to discuss these purported exercise mimetics and bioactive ingredients in the context of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. We will examine proposed modes of action, discuss evidence of application in skeletal muscle in vivo and finally comment on the feasibility of such approaches to support endurance-training applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Craig
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen P Ashcroft
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Micah Y Belew
- Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ben Stocks
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
| | - Kevin Currell
- EIS Performance Centre, English Institute of Sport, Loughborough University Loughborough, UK
| | - Keith Baar
- Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Philp
- MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham Birmingham, UK
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Gahreman D, Wang R, Boutcher Y, Boutcher S. Green Tea, Intermittent Sprinting Exercise, and Fat Oxidation. Nutrients 2015; 7:5646-63. [PMID: 26184298 PMCID: PMC4517022 DOI: 10.3390/nu7075245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat oxidation has been shown to increase after short term green tea extract (GTE) ingestion and after one bout of intermittent sprinting exercise (ISE). Whether combining the two will result in greater fat oxidation after ISE is undetermined. The aim of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of short term GTE and a single session of ISE upon post-exercise fat oxidation. Fourteen women consumed three GTE or placebo capsules the day before and one capsule 90 min before a 20-min ISE cycling protocol followed by 1 h of resting recovery. Fat oxidation was calculated using indirect calorimetry. There was a significant increase in fat oxidation post-exercise compared to at rest in the placebo condition (p < 0.01). After GTE ingestion, however, at rest and post-exercise, fat oxidation was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than that after placebo. Plasma glycerol levels at rest and 15 min during post-exercise were significantly higher (p < 0.05) after GTE consumption compared to placebo. Compared to placebo, plasma catecholamines increased significantly after GTE consumption and 20 min after ISE (p < 0.05). Acute GTE ingestion significantly increased fat oxidation under resting and post-exercise conditions when compared to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gahreman
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0811, Australia.
| | - Rose Wang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Yati Boutcher
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Stephen Boutcher
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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35
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Wang F, Han J, He Q, Geng Z, Deng Z, Qiao D. Applying (1)H NMR Spectroscopy to Detect Changes in the Urinary Metabolite Levels of Chinese Half-Pipe Snowboarders after Different Exercises. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:315217. [PMID: 26101694 PMCID: PMC4458538 DOI: 10.1155/2015/315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring physical training is important for the health and performance of athletes, and real-time assessment of fatigue is crucial to improve training efficiency. The relationship between key biomarkers and exercise has been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of training exercises on the urine metabolome. (1)H NMR-based metabolomics analysis was performed on urine samples from half-pipe snowboarders, and spectral profiles were subjected to PCA and PLS-DA. Our results show that metabolic profiles varied during different stages of exercises. Lactate, alanine, trimethylamine, malonate, taurine, and glycine levels decreased while TMAO and phenylalanine levels increased in the stage with higher amount and intensity of exercise. Although the amount of exercise was reduced in subsequent stage, no significant variations of metabolic profile were found. Metabolic changes induced by training level were analyzed with related metabolic pathway. Studying metabolome changes can provide a better understanding of the physiology of athletes and could aid in adjusting training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiu Wang
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiao Han
- Center of Analysis and Test, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qing He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhufeng Geng
- Center of Analysis and Test, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiwei Deng
- Center of Analysis and Test, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Decai Qiao
- College of P.E and Sports, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
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36
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Lee LS, Choi JH, Sung MJ, Hur JY, Hur HJ, Park JD, Kim YC, Gu EJ, Min B, Kim HJ. Green tea changes serum and liver metabolomic profiles in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:784-94. [PMID: 25631872 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Green tea (GT) consumption helps to prevent and control obesity by stimulating hepatic lipid metabolism. However, GT-induced changes in serum and liver metabolomes associated with the anti-obesity effects are not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to identify and validate metabolomic profiles in the livers and sera of GT-fed obese mice to elucidate the relationship between GT consumption and obesity prevention. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum and liver metabolites were analyzed in mice fed normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with GT, and HFD with crude catechins, using LC-quadrupole TOF MS. The addition of 1% GT to HFD reduced adipose tissue and the levels of blood triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and leptin elevated in HFD-fed mice. We proposed an HFD-induced obesity pathway and validated it by investigating the key regulatory enzymes of mitochondrial β-oxidation: carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 and -2, acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase. The results showed that HFD-induced abnormal mitochondrial β-oxidation was moderated by the consumption of caffeine- and theanine-enriched GT. CONCLUSION Results of LC/MS-based metabolomic analysis of obese mice showed changes associated with abnormal lipid and energy metabolism, which were alleviated by GT intake, indicating the mechanism underlying the anti-obesity effects of GT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Sook Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
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37
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Mähler A, Steiniger J, Bock M, Klug L, Parreidt N, Lorenz M, Zimmermann BF, Krannich A, Paul F, Boschmann M. Metabolic response to epigallocatechin-3-gallate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:487-95. [PMID: 25733633 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.075309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle weakness and fatigue are common symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS). Green tea catechins such as (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are known to improve energy metabolism at rest and during exercise. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that EGCG improves energy metabolism and substrate utilization in patients with MS. DESIGN Eighteen patients (8 men) with relapsing-remitting MS (expanded disability status scale score <4.5, all receiving glatiramer acetate) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial at a clinical research center. All patients received EGCG (600 mg/d) and placebo over 12 wk (4-wk washout in between). After each intervention, fasting and postprandial energy expenditure (EE), as well as fat oxidation (FAOx) and carbohydrate oxidation (CHOx) rates, were measured either at rest or during 40 min of exercise (0.5 W/kg). At rest, blood samples and microdialysates from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were also taken. RESULTS At rest, postprandial EE and CHOx, as well as adipose tissue perfusion and glucose supply, were significantly lower in men but higher in women receiving EGCG compared with placebo. During exercise, postprandial EE was lower after EGCG than after placebo, indicating an increased working efficiency (men > women). After placebo, exercise EE was mainly fueled by FAOx in both men and women. After EGCG, there was a shift to a higher and more stable CHOx during exercise in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that EGCG given to patients with MS over 12 wk improves muscle metabolism during moderate exercise to a greater extent in men than in women, possibly because of sex-specific effects on autonomic and endocrine control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mähler
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Jochen Steiniger
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Markus Bock
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Lars Klug
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Nadine Parreidt
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Mario Lorenz
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Benno F Zimmermann
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Alexander Krannich
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Friedemann Paul
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
| | - Michael Boschmann
- From the Experimental & Clinical Research Center-a joint cooperation between Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (AM, JS, M Bock, LK, NP, and M Boschmann); NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (AM, M Bock, and FP) and Medical Clinic for Cardiology and Angiology Campus Mitte (ML), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (ML); University of Bonn, Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Bonn, Germany (BFZ); Institute Prof. Dr. Georg Kurz GmbH, Köln, Germany (BFZ); Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Unit of Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (AK); and Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (FP)
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Daily consumption of white tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) improves the cerebral cortex metabolic and oxidative profile in prediabetic Wistar rats. Br J Nutr 2015; 113:832-42. [PMID: 25716141 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514004395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem and its incidence is rising dramatically. The brain, particularly the cerebral cortex, is very susceptible to glucose fluctuations and hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) is widely consumed; however, the antidiabetic properties of white tea remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we investigated the effects of daily consumption of white tea on the cerebral cortex of prediabetic rats. The cerebral cortex metabolic profile was evaluated, and the expression levels of GLUT, phosphofructokinase-1, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 were assessed. LDH activity was also determined. The cerebral cortex oxidative profile was determined by evaluating its antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation levels. Catalase, glutathione, glutamate, N-acetylaspartate, aspartate, choline, γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine and valine contents were determined. Daily consumption of white tea ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, white tea altered the cortex glycolytic profile, modulating GLUT expression and lactate and alanine contents. Finally, white tea consumption restored protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation levels and catalase expression, and improved antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, daily consumption of white tea improved the cerebral cortex metabolic and oxidative profile in prediabetic rats, suggesting it as a good, safe and inexpensive strategy to prevent DM-related effects in the cerebral cortex.
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Jacobs DM, Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Mahabir-Jagessar-T K, Garczarek U, Jeukendrup AE, Mela DJ, Lotito S. Metabolic response to decaffeinated green tea extract during rest and moderate-intensity exercise. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9936-9943. [PMID: 25195522 DOI: 10.1021/jf502764r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that a 7 day ingestion of caffeinated green tea extract (cGTE) induced marked metabolic differences during rest and exercise. Here, we report the metabolic effects of 1, 7, and 28 day ingestions of decaffeinated GTE (dGTE). In this crossover placebo-controlled study, 19 healthy males ingested dGTE or placebo (PLA) for 28 days, separated by a 28 day wash-out period. On days 1, 7, and 28, participants completed a 30 min cycling exercise 2 h after the ingestion of dGTE or PLA. Blood samples were collected at rest (t = 0 and 120 min) and during exercise (t = 150 min). Plasma was analyzed using untargeted four-phase metabolite profiling and targeted profiling of catecholamines and catechins. dGTE abolished several metabolic effects when compared to our previous study with cGTE. However, following 7 and 28 day dGTE ingestions, increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate, a metabolic marker of fat oxidation, were observed at t = 0 min. dGTE ingestion did not induce significant acute or acute-on-chronic effects on endogenous metabolites just prior to and during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris M Jacobs
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Mahabir-Jagessar-T K, Lotito S, Mulder T, Mela DJ, Jeukendrup AE, Jacobs DM. Acute effects of green tea extract intake on exogenous and endogenous metabolites in human plasma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1198-1208. [PMID: 24400998 DOI: 10.1021/jf404872y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The acute effects of green tea extract (GTE) on plasma metabolites in vivo are largely unknown. In this parallel, double-blind study, the transient changes in total and free concentrations of catechins were measured in plasma from healthy males following the consumption of a single GTE dose (559.2 mg total catechins, 120.4 mg caffeine). Furthermore, the acute effects on endogenous metabolites were assessed 2 h after GTE intake using four-phase metabolite profiling. The ratios of the catechin concentrations in plasma to those in the GTE followed the order ECG/CG > EC > GCG > EGCG > EGC > C > GC. The gallated catechins EGCG, CG/ECG, GC, and GCG were also present in their free form. Sixteen out of 163 mostly endogenous metabolites were affected by acute GTE ingestion, when compared to placebo. These included caffeine, salicylate, hippurate, taurine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene-glycol, serotonin, some cholesterylesters, fatty acids, triglycerides, and sphingosines. Our results on the exogenous metabolites largely confirm previous studies, while our findings on the endogenous metabolites are novel and may suggest specific biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Hodgson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Effect of white tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)) extract in the glycolytic profile of Sertoli cell. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1383-91. [PMID: 24363139 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0640-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Many health benefits have been attributed to tea (Camellia sinensis (L.)), and tea infusions are used as dietary agent and included in food supplements. Herein, we report the effect of a white tea (WTEA) extract in Sertoli cell (SC) metabolism. The SC is responsible for the nutritional support of the developing germ cells. METHODS An aqueous WTEA extract was prepared and analyzed by (1)H-NMR. Rat SCs were cultured with or without the WTEA extract. mRNA and protein levels of glucose transporters (GLUT1 and GLUT3), phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 were determined by qPCR and western blot. LDH activity was assessed and metabolite production/consumption determined by (1)H-NMR. RESULTS WTEA-exposed SCs presented decreased protein and mRNA levels of GLUT1 and decreased glucose uptake. However, intracellular LDH activity was increased and SC lactate production was stimulated by the presence of the WTEA extract. Interestingly, alanine production was also found to be stimulated in WTEA extract-exposed SCs. CONCLUSION WTEA extract altered the glycolytic profile of cultured SCs, stimulating lactate production. Since lactate is used as metabolic substrate and has an anti-apoptotic effect in the developing germ cells, the supplementation with WTEA extract may be advantageous to improve male reproductive health.
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Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Jeukendrup AE. The effect of green tea extract on fat oxidation at rest and during exercise: evidence of efficacy and proposed mechanisms. Adv Nutr 2013; 4:129-40. [PMID: 23493529 PMCID: PMC3649093 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea is made from the leaves of the Camellia sinensis L plant, which is rich in polyphenol catechins and caffeine. There is increasing interest in the potential role of green tea extract (GTE) in fat metabolism and its influence on health and exercise performance. A number of studies have observed positive effects of GTE on fat metabolism at rest and during exercise, following both shorter and longer term intake. However, overall, the literature is inconclusive. The fact that not all studies observed effects may be related to differences in study designs, GTE bioavailability, and variation of the measurement (fat oxidation). In addition, the precise mechanisms of GTE in the human body that increase fat oxidation are unclear. The often-cited in vitro catechol-O-methyltransferase mechanism is used to explain the changes in substrate metabolism with little in vivo evidence to support it. Also, changes in expression of fat metabolism genes with longer term GTE intake have been implicated at rest and with exercise training, including the upregulation of fat metabolism enzyme gene expression in the skeletal muscle and downregulation of adipogenic genes in the liver. The exact molecular signaling that activates changes to fat metabolism gene expression is unclear but may be driven by PPAR-γ coactivator 1-α and PPARs. However, to date, evidence from human studies to support these adaptations is lacking. Clearly, more studies have to be performed to elucidate the effects of GTE on fat metabolism as well as improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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