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Carmody RN, Varady K, Turnbaugh PJ. Digesting the complex metabolic effects of diet on the host and microbiome. Cell 2024; 187:3857-3876. [PMID: 39059362 PMCID: PMC11309583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The past 50 years of interdisciplinary research in humans and model organisms has delivered unprecedented insights into the mechanisms through which diet affects energy balance. However, translating these results to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases remains challenging. Given the vast scope of this literature, we focus this Review on recent conceptual advances in molecular nutrition targeting the management of energy balance, including emerging dietary and pharmaceutical interventions and their interactions with the human gut microbiome. Notably, multiple current dietary patterns of interest embrace moderate-to-high fat intake or prioritize the timing of eating over macronutrient intake. Furthermore, the rapid expansion of microbiome research findings has complicated multiple longstanding tenets of nutrition while also providing new opportunities for intervention. Continued progress promises more precise and reliable dietary recommendations that leverage our growing knowledge of the microbiome, the changing landscape of clinical interventions, and our molecular understanding of human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Carmody
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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2
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zhao M, Jia Y, Li K, Li C. The effects of inulin on solubilizing and improving anti-obesity activity of high polymerization persimmon tannin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132232. [PMID: 38734349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
High polymerization persimmon tannin has been reported to have lipid-lowering effects. Unfortunately, the poor solubility restricts its application. This research aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of inulin on solubilizing of persimmon tannin. Furthermore, we examined whether the addition of inulin would affect the attenuated obesity effect of persimmon tannin. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results demonstrated that inulin formed a gel-like network structure, which enabled the encapsulation of persimmon tannin through hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions, thereby inhibiting the self-aggregation of persimmon tannin. The turbidity of the persimmon tannin solution decreased by 56.2 %, while the polyphenol content in the supernatant increased by 60.0 %. Furthermore, biochemical analysis and 16s rRNA gene sequencing technology demonstrated that persimmon tannin had a significant anti-obesity effect and improved intestinal health in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, inulin was found to have a positive effect on enhancing the health benefits of persimmon tannin, including improving hepatic steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. it enhanced the abundance of beneficial core microbes while decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria. Our findings expand the applications of persimmon tannin in the food and medical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Jia
- School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Kaikai Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Lan C, Li H, Shen Y, Liu Y, Wu A, He J, Cai J, Tian G, Mao X, Huang Z, Yu B, Zheng P, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, Luo Y. Next-generation probiotic candidates targeting intestinal health in weaned piglets: Both live and heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila prevent pathological changes induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the gut. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:110-122. [PMID: 38766519 PMCID: PMC11101935 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The use of next-generation probiotics (NGP) in pigs for combating diseases has been subject to limited research. Here we explored the potential of a well-known NGP candidate Akkermansia muciniphila targeting pig gut health. In the first screening experiment, we found that the abundance of A. muciniphila peaked at 14 d old but decreased at weaning (21 d old; P < 0.05), suggesting the weaning period may be an effective window for A. muciniphila intervention. Following that, 48 crossbred weaned pigs at 28 d old were randomly assigned to five groups: control (CON), high/low live A. muciniphila (HA/LA), and high/low heat-killed A. muciniphila (HIA/LIA). From 1 to 28 d old, the CON group received gastric infusion of anaerobic sterile saline every other day; the HA and LA groups were gavaged every other day with 1 × 1010 CFU/5 mL and 5 × 108 CFU/5 mL live A. muciniphila, respectively; and the HIA and LIA groups were gavaged every other day with 1 × 1010 CFU/5 mL and 5 × 108 CFU/5 mL heat-killed A. muciniphila, respectively. At d 29, pigs in the CON group were randomly and equally divided into two groups, one of which was named the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) group, and all groups except CON received a 5-d ETEC challenge. The supplementation of A. muciniphila numerically reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned pigs compared to the pigs that only received the ETEC challenge (P = 0.57), but the LIA group had a higher diarrhea rate than the CON group (P < 0.05). Consistent with this, the supplementation of A. muciniphila improved the small intestinal morphology and structure, proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes in the blood, as well as the expression of genes related to intestinal barrier and antioxidant indices of pigs with ETEC challenge, especially for the LA group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, A. muciniphila supplementation reduced the expression of ETEC virulence factor genes in the ileum and colon of pigs challenged by ETEC (P < 0.05). Therefore, A. muciniphila may protect the intestinal health of weaned piglets from damage caused by ETEC infection, but the effect may vary depending on the concentration and activity of A. muciniphila.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuqing Shen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Engineering Research Center of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou M, Ma J, Kang M, Tang W, Xia S, Yin J, Yin Y. Flavonoids, gut microbiota, and host lipid metabolism. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300065. [PMID: 38708419 PMCID: PMC11065335 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are widely distributed in nature and have a variety of beneficial biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects. All of these are related to gut microbiota, and flavonoids also serve as a bridge between the host and gut microbiota. Flavonoids are commonly used to modify the composition of the gut microbiota by promoting or inhibiting specific microbial species within the gut, as well as modifying their metabolites. In turn, the gut microbiota extensively metabolizes flavonoids. Hence, this reciprocal relationship between flavonoids and the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and functionality of the metabolism system. In this review, we mainly highlighted the biological effects of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiobesity, and discussed the interaction between flavonoids, gut microbiota and lipid metabolism, and elaborated the potential mechanisms on host lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Meng Kang
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Sichuan Animal Science AcademyLivestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSichuan Animtech Feed Co., LtdChengduSichuanChina
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyHunan Agricultural UniversityChangshaChina
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5
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Ross FC, Mayer DE, Horn J, Cryan JF, Del Rio D, Randolph E, Gill CIR, Gupta A, Ross RP, Stanton C, Mayer EA. Potential of dietary polyphenols for protection from age-related decline and neurodegeneration: a role for gut microbiota? Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38287652 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2298098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Many epidemiological studies have shown the beneficial effects of a largely plant-based diet, and the strong association between the consumption of a Mediterranean-type diet with healthy aging including a lower risk of cognitive decline. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high intake of olive oil, fruits and vegetables and is rich in dietary fiber and polyphenols - both of which have been postulated to act as important mediators of these benefits. Polyphenols are large molecules produced by plants to protect them from environmental threats and injury. When ingested by humans, as little as 5% of these molecules are absorbed in the small intestine with the majority metabolized by the gut microbiota into absorbable simple phenolic compounds. Flavan-3-ols, a type of flavonoid, contained in grapes, berries, pome fruits, tea, and cocoa have been associated with many beneficial effects on several risk factors for cardiovascular disease, cognitive function and brain regions involved in memory formation. Both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that these brain and heart benefits can be attributed to endothelial vascular effects and anti-inflammatory properties among others. More recently the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential modulator of the aging brain and intriguingly polyphenols have been shown to alter microbiota composition and be metabolized by different microbial species. However, there is a need for well controlled studies in large populations to identify predictors of response, particularly given the vast inter-individual variation of human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - D E Mayer
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - J Horn
- Oppenheimer Centre for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - J F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - D Del Rio
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - E Randolph
- Oppenheimer Centre for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - C I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - A Gupta
- Division of Digestive Diseases, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - R P Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - E A Mayer
- Oppenheimer Centre for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Huang F, Marungruang N, Martinsson I, Camprubí Ferrer L, Nguyen TD, Gondo TF, Karlsson EN, Deierborg T, Öste R, Heyman-Lindén L. A mixture of Nordic berries improves cognitive function, metabolic function and alters the gut microbiota in C57Bl/6J male mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1257472. [PMID: 37854349 PMCID: PMC10580983 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1257472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Our diets greatly influence our health. Multiple lines of research highlight the beneficial properties of eating berries and fruits. In this study, a berry mixture of Nordic berries previously identified as having the potential to improve memory was supplemented to young C57Bl/6J male mice to investigate effects on cognition function, metabolic health, markers of neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota composition. C57Bl/6J male mice at the age of 8 weeks were given standard chow, a high-fat diet (HF, 60%E fat), or a high-fat diet supplemented with freeze-dried powder (20% dwb) of a mixture of Nordic berries and red grape juice (HF + Berry) for 18 weeks (n = 12 animals/diet group). The results show that supplementation with the berry mixture may have beneficial effects on spatial memory, as seen by enhanced performance in the T-maze and Barnes maze compared to the mice receiving the high-fat diet without berries. Additionally, berry intake may aid in counteracting high-fat diet induced weight gain and could influence neuroinflammatory status as suggested by the increased levels of the inflammation modifying IL-10 cytokine in hippocampal extracts from berry supplemented mice. Furthermore, the 4.5-month feeding with diet containing berries resulted in significant changes in cecal microbiota composition. Analysis of cecal bacterial 16S rRNA revealed that the chow group had significantly higher microbial diversity, as measured by the Shannon diversity index and total operational taxonomic unit richness, than the HF group. The HF diet supplemented with berries resulted in a strong trend of higher total OTU richness and significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, which has been linked to protective effects on cognitive decline. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that intake of a Nordic berry mixture is a valuable strategy for maintaining and improving cognitive function, to be further evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Aventure AB, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lluís Camprubí Ferrer
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thao Duy Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thamani Freedom Gondo
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lovisa Heyman-Lindén
- Berry Lab AB, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Nakano H, Sakao K, Wada K, Hou DX. Ameliorative Effects of Anthocyanin Metabolites on Western Diet-Induced NAFLD by Modulating Co-Occurrence Networks of Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2408. [PMID: 37894066 PMCID: PMC10609007 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins (Acn) have been reported to have preventive effects on Western diet (WD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the amount of Acn that reached the bloodstream were less than 1%, suggesting that anthocyanin metabolites (Acn-M) in the gut may contribute to their in vivo effects. This study is focused on a gut microbiota investigation to elucidate the effect of two major Acn-M, protocatechuic acid (PC) and phloroglucinol carboxaldehyde (PG), on NAFLD prevention. C57BL/6N male mice were divided into five groups and fed with a normal diet (ND), WD, WD + 0.5% PC, WD + 0.5% PG and WD + a mixture of 0.25% PC + 0.25% PG (CG) for 12 weeks. The results revealed that WD-fed mice showed a significant increase in final body weight, epididymis fat weight, liver weight and fat accumulation rate, serum total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. At the same time, these indices were significantly decreased by Acn-M in the order of PG, CG > PC. In particular, PG significantly decreased serum glucose and insulin resistance. Gut microbiome analysis revealed that PG significantly increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Prevotella, Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio, and upregulated glucose degradation pathway. Interestingly, the co-occurrence networks of Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae in the PC and PG groups were similar to the ND group and different to WD group. These data suggest that PC and PG were able to recover the gut microbiome networks and functions from dysbiosis caused by WD. Therefore, PG might act as a master metabolite for anthocyanins and prevent WD-induced NAFLD and gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Nakano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.N.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
| | - Kozue Sakao
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.N.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Koji Wada
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.N.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara 903-0213, Japan
| | - De-Xing Hou
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; (H.N.); (K.S.); (K.W.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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8
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Herkenhoff ME, de Medeiros IUD, Garutti LHG, Salgaço MK, Sivieri K, Saad SMI. Cashew By-Product as a Functional Substrate for the Development of Probiotic Fermented Milk. Foods 2023; 12:3383. [PMID: 37761092 PMCID: PMC10528859 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) processing generates a by-product (CB) with potential for health benefits and that could be a favorable ingredient to be added to a probiotic food matrix. This study aimed to assess the functional attributes of CB in fermented milk with a probiotic and a starter culture using in vitro gastrointestinal conditions. Two formulations were tested, without CB (Control Formulation-CF) and with CB (Test Formulation-TF), and the two strains most adapted to CB, the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei F19® and the starter Streptococcus thermophilus ST-M6®, were chosen to be fermented in the CF and the TF. During a 28-day period of refrigeration (4 °C), both strains used in the CF and TF maintained a population above 8.0 log CFU/mL. Strains cultured in the TF had a significant increase in total phenolic compounds and greater antioxidant potential during their shelf life, along with improved survival of F19® after in vitro-simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Our study revealed the promising potential of CB in the probiotic beverage. The CB-containing formulation (TF) also exhibited higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it acted as a protector for bacteria during gastrointestinal simulation, highlighting its potential as a healthy and sustainable product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.E.H.); (I.U.D.d.M.); (L.H.G.G.)
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Ucella Dantas de Medeiros
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.E.H.); (I.U.D.d.M.); (L.H.G.G.)
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Grotto Garutti
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.E.H.); (I.U.D.d.M.); (L.H.G.G.)
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus Kawata Salgaço
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 s/n, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (M.K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Katia Sivieri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 01 s/n, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil; (M.K.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Susana Marta Isay Saad
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (M.E.H.); (I.U.D.d.M.); (L.H.G.G.)
- Food Research Center FoRC, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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9
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Kyaw TS, Upadhyay V, Tolstykh I, Van Loon K, Laffan A, Stanfield D, Gempis D, Kenfield SA, Chan JM, Piawah S, Atreya CE, Ng K, Venook A, Kidder W, Turnbaugh PJ, Van Blarigan EL. Variety of Fruit and Vegetables and Alcohol Intake are Associated with Gut Microbial Species and Gene Abundance in Colorectal Cancer Survivors. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:518-529. [PMID: 37474105 PMCID: PMC10550847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adherence to the American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines of avoiding obesity, maintaining physical activity, and consuming a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is associated with longer survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Dietary components of the ACS guidelines may act in part by changing the microbiome, which is implicated in CRC outcomes. OBJECTIVES We conducted a pilot cross-sectional study to explore associations between ACS guidelines and the gut microbiome. METHODS Stool samples and questionnaires were collected from 28 CRC survivors at the University of California, San Francisco from 2019 to 2020. ACS scores were calculated based on validated questionnaires. Gut microbial community structure from 16S amplicons and gene/pathway abundances from metagenomics were tested for associations with the ACS score and its components using ANOVA and general linear models. RESULTS The overall ACS score was not significantly associated with variations in the fecal microbiota. However, fruit and vegetable intake and alcohol intake accounted for 19% (P = 0.005) and 13% (P = 0.01) of variation in the microbiota, respectively. Fruit/vegetable consumption was associated with increased microbial diversity, increased Firmicutes, decreased Bacteroidota, and changes to multiple genes and metabolic pathways, including enriched pathways for amino acid and short-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and plant-associated sugar degradation. In contrast, alcohol consumption was positively associated with overall microbial diversity, negatively associated with Bacteroidota abundance, and associated with changes to multiple genes and metabolic pathways. The other components of the ACS score were not statistically significantly associated with the fecal microbiota in our sample. CONCLUSIONS These results guide future studies examining the impact of changes in the intake of fruits, vegetables, and alcoholic drinks on the gut microbiome of CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Than S Kyaw
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Irina Tolstykh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Angela Laffan
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Dalila Stanfield
- University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daryll Gempis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stacey A Kenfield
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - June M Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sorbarikor Piawah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Chloe E Atreya
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alan Venook
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Wesley Kidder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
| | - Erin L Van Blarigan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, United States.
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10
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Mezhibovsky E, Tveter KM, Villa-Rodriguez JA, Bacalia K, Kshatriya D, Desai N, Cabales A, Wu Y, Sui K, Duran RM, Bello NT, Roopchand DE. Grape Polyphenols May Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Dampening of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Male Mice. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad095. [PMID: 37538101 PMCID: PMC10396072 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Chronic high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes obesity associated with retention of bile acids (BAs) that suppress important regulatory axes, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA). HFD impairs nutrient sensing and energy balance due to a dampening of the HPAA and reduced production and peripheral metabolism of corticosterone (CORT). Objective We assessed whether proanthocyanidin-rich grape polyphenol (GP) extract can prevent HFD-induced energy imbalance and HPAA dysregulation. Methods Male C57BL6/J mice were fed HFD or HFD supplemented with 0.5% w/w GPs (HFD-GP) for 17 weeks. Results GP supplementation reduced body weight gain and liver fat while increasing circadian rhythms of energy expenditure and HPAA-regulating hormones, CORT, leptin, and PYY. GP-induced improvements were accompanied by reduced mRNA levels of Il6, Il1b, and Tnfa in ileal or hepatic tissues and lower cecal abundance of Firmicutes, including known BA metabolizers. GP-supplemented mice had lower concentrations of circulating BAs, including hydrophobic and HPAA-inhibiting BAs, but higher cecal levels of taurine-conjugated BAs antagonistic to farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Compared with HFD-fed mice, GP-supplemented mice had increased mRNA levels of hepatic Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1, suggesting reduced FXR activation and more BA synthesis. GP-supplemented mice also had reduced hepatic Abcc3 and ileal Ibabp and Ostβ, indicative of less BA transfer into enterocytes and circulation. Relative to HFD-fed mice, CORT and BA metabolizing enzymes (Akr1d1 and Srd5a1) were increased, and Hsd11b1 was decreased in GP supplemented mice. Conclusion GPs may attenuate HFD-induced weight gain by improving hormonal control of the HPAA and inducing a BA profile with less cytotoxicity and HPAA inhibition, but greater FXR antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mezhibovsky
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kevin M Tveter
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jose A Villa-Rodriguez
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Karen Bacalia
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Dushyant Kshatriya
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nikhil Desai
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Alrick Cabales
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ke Sui
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Rocio M Duran
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Department of Food Science and NJ Institute for Food Nutrition and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research; Center for Nutrition Microbiome and Health), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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11
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Tveter KM, Mezhibovsky E, Wu Y, Roopchand DE. Bile acid metabolism and signaling: Emerging pharmacological targets of dietary polyphenols. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108457. [PMID: 37268113 PMCID: PMC10528343 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Beyond their role as emulsifiers of lipophilic compounds, bile acids (BAs) are signaling endocrine molecules that show differential affinity and specificity for a variety of canonical and non-canonical BA receptors. Primary BAs (PBAs) are synthesized in the liver while secondary BAs (SBAs) are gut microbial metabolites of PBA species. PBAs and SBAs signal to BA receptors that regulate downstream pathways of inflammation and energy metabolism. Dysregulation of BA metabolism or signaling has emerged as a feature of chronic disease. Dietary polyphenols are non-nutritive plant-derived compounds associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, hepatobiliary and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests that the health promoting effects of dietary polyphenols are linked to their ability to alter the gut microbial community, the BA pool, and BA signaling. In this review we provide an overview of BA metabolism and summarize studies that link the cardiometabolic improvements of dietary polyphenols to their modulation of BA metabolism and signaling pathways, and the gut microbiota. Finally, we discuss approaches and challenges in deciphering cause-effect relationships between dietary polyphenols, BAs, and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tveter
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Esther Mezhibovsky
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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12
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Das T, Chatterjee N, Capanoglu E, Lorenzo JM, Das AK, Dhar P. The synergistic ramification of insoluble dietary fiber and associated non-extractable polyphenols on gut microbial population escorting alleviation of lifestyle diseases. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100697. [PMID: 37206320 PMCID: PMC10189415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the pertinent research which aims at exploring the therapeutic effects of polyphenols usually misapprehends a large fraction of non-extractable polyphenols due to their poor aqueous-organic solvent extractability. These polymeric polyphenols (i.e., proanthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids) possess a unique property to adhere to the food matrix polysaccharides and protein sowing to their structural complexity with high glycosylation, degree of polymerization, and plenty of hydroxyl groups. Surprisingly resistance to intestinal absorption does not hinder its bioactivity but accelerates its functionality manifolds due to the colonic microbial catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby protecting the body from local and systemic inflammatory diseases. This review highlights not only the chemistry, digestion, colonic metabolism of non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) but also summarises the synergistic effect of matrix-bound NEPP exerting local as well as systemic health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Das
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
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13
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Jamieson PE, Carbonero F, Stevens JF. Dietary (poly)phenols mitigate inflammatory bowel disease: Therapeutic targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical observations. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100521. [PMID: 37266414 PMCID: PMC10230173 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are a rapidly growing public health concern worldwide. These diseases are heterogeneous at the clinical, immunological, molecular, genetic, and microbial level, but characteristically involve a disrupted immune-microbiome axis. Shortcomings in conventional treatment options warrant the need for novel therapeutic strategies to mitigate these life-long and relapsing disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyphenols, a diverse group of phytochemicals, have gained attention as candidate treatments due to their array of biological effects. Polyphenols exert broad anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through the modulation of cellular signaling pathways and transcription factors important in IBD progression. Polyphenols also bidirectionally modulate the gut microbiome, supporting commensals and inhibiting pathogens. One of the primary means by which gut microbiota interface with the host is through the production of metabolites, which are small molecules produced as intermediate or end products of metabolism. There is growing evidence to support that modulation of the gut microbiome by polyphenols restores microbially derived metabolites critical to the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis that are adversely disrupted in IBD. This review aims to define the therapeutic targets of polyphenols that may be important for mitigation of IBD symptoms, as well as to collate evidence for their clinical use from randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Jamieson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Franck Carbonero
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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14
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Taladrid D, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Martin-Cabrejas MA, Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B. Grape Pomace as a Cardiometabolic Health-Promoting Ingredient: Activity in the Intestinal Environment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040979. [PMID: 37107354 PMCID: PMC10135959 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace (GP) is a winemaking by-product particularly rich in (poly)phenols and dietary fiber, which are the main active compounds responsible for its health-promoting effects. These components and their metabolites generated at the intestinal level have been shown to play an important role in promoting health locally and systemically. This review focuses on the potential bioactivities of GP in the intestinal environment, which is the primary site of interaction for food components and their biological activities. These mechanisms include (i) regulation of nutrient digestion and absorption (GP has been shown to inhibit enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, protease, and lipase, which can help to reduce blood glucose and lipid levels, and to modulate the expression of intestinal transporters, which can also help to regulate nutrient absorption); (ii) modulation of gut hormone levels and satiety (GP stimulates GLP-1, PYY, CCK, ghrelin, and GIP release, which can help to regulate appetite and satiety); (iii) reinforcement of gut morphology (including the crypt-villi structures, which can improve nutrient absorption and protect against intestinal damage); (iv) protection of intestinal barrier integrity (through tight junctions and paracellular transport); (v) modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress triggered by NF-kB and Nrf2 signaling pathways; and (vi) impact on gut microbiota composition and functionality (leading to increased production of SCFAs and decreased production of LPS). The overall effect of GP within the gut environment reinforces the intestinal function as the first line of defense against multiple disorders, including those impacting cardiometabolic health. Future research on GP's health-promoting properties should consider connections between the gut and other organs, including the gut-heart axis, gut-brain axis, gut-skin axis, and oral-gut axis. Further exploration of these connections, including more human studies, will solidify GP's role as a cardiometabolic health-promoting ingredient and contribute to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Taladrid
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Rebollo-Hernanz
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Martin-Cabrejas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Pellegrino A, Coppola G, Santopaolo F, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Role of Akkermansia in Human Diseases: From Causation to Therapeutic Properties. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081815. [PMID: 37111034 PMCID: PMC10142179 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the modulation of host metabolism and immune response, and its impairment has been implicated in many gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. Current evidence shows the well-documented role of A. muciniphila in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, modulating the host immune response, and improving several metabolic pathways, making it a key element in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. In this scenario, A. muciniphila is the most promising next-generation probiotic and one of the first microbial species suitable for specific clinical use when compared with traditional probiotics. Further studies are needed to provide more accurate insight into its mechanisms of action and to better elucidate its properties in several major areas, paving the way for a more integrated and personalized therapeutic approach that finally makes the most of our knowledge of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pellegrino
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Coppola
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino, Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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16
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Langille MGI, Rupasinghe HPV. Hepatotoxicity of polymeric proanthocyanidins is caused by translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides through impaired gut epithelium. Toxicol Lett 2023; 379:35-47. [PMID: 36935082 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric proanthocyanidins (P-PAC) induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were supplemented with P-PAC alone or with a mixture of probiotic bacteria (PB), Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia muciniphila for 14 consecutive days. The liver tissues of sacrificed mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the P-PAC metabolites. Potential P-PAC metabolites, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and pyrocatechol were detected in higher concentrations and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was detected exclusively in the mice supplemented with P-PAC and PB. Supplementation with P-PAC alone or with PB caused no shift in the α-diversity of mice gut microbiota. P-PAC induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through increasing liver exposure to intestinal bacterial lipopolysaccharides by reducing expression of gut epithelial tight junction proteins, claudin-3 and occludin. Lipopolysaccharide concentrations in the livers of mice supplemented with P-PAC were significantly high compared to the control mice. Furthermore, P-PAC downregulated the expressions of claudin-3 and claudin-4 tight junction proteins in cultured Caco-2 cell monolayers. PB biotransformed P-PAC into bioavailable metabolites and potentially reduced the toxicity of P-PAC. The toxicity of P-PAC and their synbiotics need to be critically evaluated for the safety of human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P D W Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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17
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Redondo-Castillejo R, Garcimartín A, Hernández-Martín M, López-Oliva ME, Bocanegra A, Macho-González A, Bastida S, Benedí J, Sánchez-Muniz FJ. Proanthocyanidins: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Action Mechanisms in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065369. [PMID: 36982444 PMCID: PMC10049473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors, such as central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension, which increase the probability of causing premature mortality. The consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) is a major driver of the rising incidence of MS. In fact, the altered interplay between HFD, microbiome, and the intestinal barrier is being considered as a possible origin of MS. Consumption of proanthocyanidins (PAs) has a beneficial effect against the metabolic disturbances in MS. However, there are no conclusive results in the literature about the efficacy of PAs in improving MS. This review allows a comprehensive validation of the diverse effects of the PAs on the intestinal dysfunction in HFD-induced MS, differentiating between preventive and therapeutic actions. Special emphasis is placed on the impact of PAs on the gut microbiota, providing a system to facilitate comparison between the studies. PAs can modulate the microbiome toward a healthy profile and strength barrier integrity. Nevertheless, to date, published clinical trials to verify preclinical findings are scarce. Finally, the preventive consumption of PAs in MS-associated dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunction induced by HFD seems more successful than the treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Redondo-Castillejo
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Garcimartín
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Hernández-Martín
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Elvira López-Oliva
- Departmental Section of Physiology, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Bocanegra
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.J.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-394-1700 (A.B.); +34-913-941-828 (F.J.S.-M.)
| | - Adrián Macho-González
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Bastida
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Benedí
- Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany Department, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Sánchez-Muniz
- Nutrition and Food Science Department (Nutrition), Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.J.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-394-1700 (A.B.); +34-913-941-828 (F.J.S.-M.)
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18
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Komarnytsky S, Wagner C, Gutierrez J, Shaw OM. Berries in Microbiome-Mediated Gastrointestinal, Metabolic, and Immune Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:151-166. [PMID: 36738429 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00449-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Current research has shown that berry-derived polymeric substrates that resist human digestion (dietary fibers and polyphenols) are extensively metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract dominated by microbiota. This review assesses current epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidence of how berry (strawberry, blueberry, raspberry, blackberry, cranberry, black currant, and grapes) phytochemicals interact with the microbiome and shape health or metabolic risk factor outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS There is a growing evidence that the compositional differences among complex carbohydrate fractions and classes of polyphenols define reversible shifts in microbial populations and human metabolome to promote gastrointestinal health. Interventions to prevent gastrointestinal inflammation and improve metabolic outcomes may be achieved with selection of berries that provide distinct polysaccharide substrates for selective multiplication of beneficial microbiota or oligomeric decoys for binding and elimination of the pathogens, as well as phenolic substrates that hold potential to modulate gastrointestinal mucins, reduce luminal oxygen, and release small phenolic metabolites signatures capable of ameliorating inflammatory and metabolic perturbations. These mechanisms may explain many of the differences in microbiota and host gastrointestinal responses associated with increased consumption of berries, and highlight potential opportunities to intentionally shift gut microbiome profiles or to modulate risk factors associated with better nutrition and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Charles Wagner
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Janelle Gutierrez
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, 600 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Odette M Shaw
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
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19
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Jian H, Liu Y, Wang X, Dong X, Zou X. Akkermansia muciniphila as a Next-Generation Probiotic in Modulating Human Metabolic Homeostasis and Disease Progression: A Role Mediated by Gut-Liver-Brain Axes? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043900. [PMID: 36835309 PMCID: PMC9959343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Appreciation of the importance of Akkermansia muciniphila is growing, and it is becoming increasingly relevant to identify preventive and/or therapeutic solutions targeting gut-liver-brain axes for multiple diseases via Akkermansia muciniphila. In recent years, Akkermansia muciniphila and its components such as outer membrane proteins and extracellular vesicles have been known to ameliorate host metabolic health and intestinal homeostasis. However, the impacts of Akkermansia muciniphila on host health and disease are complex, as both potentially beneficial and adverse effects are mediated by Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivatives, and in some cases, these effects are dependent upon the host physiology microenvironment and the forms, genotypes, and strain sources of Akkermansia muciniphila. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of how Akkermansia muciniphila interacts with the host and influences host metabolic homeostasis and disease progression. Details of Akkermansia muciniphila will be discussed including its biological and genetic characteristics; biological functions including anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-metabolic-syndrome, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, anti-neurodegenerative disease, and anti-cancer therapy functions; and strategies to elevate its abundance. Key events will be referred to in some specific disease states, and this knowledge should facilitate the identification of Akkermansia muciniphila-based probiotic therapy targeting multiple diseases via gut-liver-brain axes.
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20
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Xue C, Li G, Gu X, Su Y, Zheng Q, Yuan X, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Health and Disease:
Akkermansia muciniphila
, the Shining Star of the Gut Flora. RESEARCH 2023; 6:0107. [PMID: 37040299 PMCID: PMC10079265 DOI: 10.34133/research.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila
(
A. muciniphila
) has drawn much attention as an important gut microbe strain in recent years.
A. muciniphila
can influence the occurrence and development of diseases of the endocrine, nervous, digestive, musculoskeletal, and respiratory systems and other diseases. It can also improve immunotherapy for some cancers.
A. muciniphila
is expected to become a new probiotic in addition to
Lactobacillus
and
Bifidobacterium
. An increase in
A. muciniphila
abundance through direct or indirect
A. muciniphila
supplementation may inhibit or even reverse disease progression. However, some contrary findings are found in type 2 diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases, where increased
A. muciniphila
abundance may aggravate the diseases. To enable a more comprehensive understanding of the role of
A. muciniphila
in diseases, we summarize the relevant information on
A. muciniphila
in different systemic diseases and introduce regulators of
A. muciniphila
abundance to promote the clinical transformation of
A. muciniphila
research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ganglei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital,
Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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21
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Mezhibovsky E, Wu Y, Bawagan FG, Tveter KM, Szeto S, Roopchand D. Impact of grape polyphenols on Akkermansia muciniphila and the gut barrier. AIMS Microbiol 2022; 8:544-565. [PMID: 36694591 PMCID: PMC9834079 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2022035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy gastrointestinal tract functions as a highly selective barrier, allowing the absorption of nutrients and metabolites while preventing gut bacteria and other xenobiotic compounds from entering host circulation and tissues. The intestinal epithelium and intestinal mucus provide a physical first line of defense against resident microbes, pathogens and xenotoxic compounds. Prior studies have indicated that the gut microbe Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucin-metabolizer, can stimulate intestinal mucin thickness to improve gut barrier integrity. Grape polyphenol (GP) extracts rich in B-type proanthocyanidin (PAC) compounds have been found to increase the relative abundance of A. muciniphila, suggesting that PACs alter the gut microbiota to support a healthy gut barrier. To further investigate the effect of GPs on the gut barrier and A. muciniphila, male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) with or without 1% GPs (HFD-GP, LFD-GP) for 12 weeks. Compared to the mice fed unsupplemented diets, GP-supplemented mice showed increased relative abundance of fecal and cecal A. muciniphila, a reduction in total bacteria, a diminished colon mucus layer and increased fecal mucus content. GP supplementation also reduced the presence of goblet cells regardless of dietary fat. Compared to the HFD group, ileal gene expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (Lbp), an acute-phase protein that promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, was reduced in the HFD-GP group, suggesting reduced LPS in circulation. Despite depletion of the colonic mucus layer, markers of inflammation (Ifng, Il1b, Tnfa, and Nos2) were similar among the four groups, with the exception that ileal Il6 mRNA levels were lower in the LFD-GP group compared to the LFD group. Our findings suggest that the GP-induced increase in A. muciniphila promotes redistribution of the intestinal mucus layer to the intestinal lumen, and that the GP-induced decrease in total bacteria results in a less inflammatory intestinal milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mezhibovsky
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Fiona G. Bawagan
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Kevin M. Tveter
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Samantha Szeto
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Diana Roopchand
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health [Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health & Rutgers Center for Lipid Research], 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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22
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Metabolic Fate of Orally Ingested Proanthocyanidins through the Digestive Tract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010017. [PMID: 36670878 PMCID: PMC9854439 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers or polymers of flavan-3ols with potent antioxidative activity, are well known to exert a variety of beneficial health effects. Nonetheless, their bioaccessibility and bioavailability have been poorly assessed. In this review, we focused on the metabolic fate of PACs through the digestive tract. When oligomeric and polymeric PACs are orally ingested, a large portion of the PACs reach the colon, where a small portion is subjected to microbial degradation to phenolic acids and valerolactones, despite the possibility that slight depolymerization of PACs occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Valerolactones, as microbiota-generated catabolites of PACs, may contribute to some of the health benefits of orally ingested PACs. The remaining portion interacts with gut microbiota, resulting in improved microbial diversity and, thereby, contributing to improved health. For instance, an increased amount of beneficial gut bacteria (e.g., Akkermansia muciniphila and butyrate-producing bacteria) could ameliorate host metabolic functions, and a lowered ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes at the phylum level could mitigate obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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23
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Polyphenols as Drivers of a Homeostatic Gut Microecology and Immuno-Metabolic Traits of Akkermansia muciniphila: From Mouse to Man. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010045. [PMID: 36613488 PMCID: PMC9820369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila is a mucosal symbiont considered a gut microbial marker in healthy individuals, as its relative abundance is significantly reduced in subjects with gut inflammation and metabolic disturbances. Dietary polyphenols can distinctly stimulate the relative abundance of A. muciniphila, contributing to the attenuation of several diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and liver damage. However, mechanistic insight into how polyphenols stimulate A. muciniphila or its activity is limited. This review focuses on dietary interventions in rodents and humans and in vitro studies using different phenolic classes. We provide critical insights with respect to potential mechanisms explaining the effects of polyphenols affecting A. muciniphila. Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, flavanones, stilbenes, and phenolic acids are shown to increase relative A. muciniphila levels in vivo, whereas lignans exert the opposite effect. Clinical trials show consistent findings, and high intervariability relying on the gut microbiota composition at the baseline and the presence of multiple polyphenol degraders appear to be cardinal determinants in inducing A. muciniphila and associated benefits by polyphenol intake. Polyphenols signal to the AhR receptor and impact the relative abundance of A. muciniphila in a direct and indirect fashion, resulting in the restoration of intestinal epithelial integrity and homeostatic crosstalk with the gut microbiota by affecting IL-22 production. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that A. muciniphila participates in the initial hydrolysis of some polyphenols but does not participate in their complete metabolism. In conclusion, the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods targeting A. muciniphila as a pivotal intermediary represents a promising precision nutritional therapy to prevent and attenuate metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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24
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Haas EA, Saad MJA, Santos A, Vitulo N, Lemos WJF, Martins AMA, Picossi CRC, Favarato D, Gaspar RS, Magro DO, Libby P, Laurindo FRM, Da Luz PL. A red wine intervention does not modify plasma trimethylamine N-oxide but is associated with broad shifts in the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota composition. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:1515-1529. [PMID: 36205549 PMCID: PMC9761755 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota profiles are closely related to cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms that include the reported deleterious effects of metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which have been studied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Moderate red wine (RW) consumption is reportedly cardioprotective, possibly by affecting the gut microbiota. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of RW consumption on the gut microbiota, plasma TMAO, and the plasma metabolome in men with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) using a multiomics assessment in a crossover trial. METHODS We conducted a randomized, crossover, controlled trial involving 42 men (average age, 60 y) with documented CAD comparing 3-wk RW consumption (250 mL/d, 5 d/wk) with an equal period of alcohol abstention, both preceded by a 2-wk washout period. The gut microbiota was analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Plasma TMAO was evaluated by LC-MS/MS. The plasma metabolome of 20 randomly selected participants was evaluated by ultra-high-performance LC-MS/MS. The effect of RW consumption was assessed by individual comparisons using paired tests during the abstention and RW periods. RESULTS Plasma TMAO did not differ between RW intervention and alcohol abstention, and TMAO concentrations showed low intraindividual concordance over time, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.049 during the control period. After RW consumption, there was significant remodeling of the gut microbiota, with a difference in β diversity and predominance of Parasutterella, Ruminococcaceae, several Bacteroides species, and Prevotella. Plasma metabolomic analysis revealed significant changes in metabolites after RW consumption, consistent with improved redox homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of the gut microbiota may contribute to the putative cardiovascular benefits of moderate RW consumption. The low intraindividual concordance of TMAO presents challenges regarding its role as a cardiovascular risk biomarker at the individual level. This study was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT03232099.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Haas
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mario J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrey Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, Verona University, Verona, Italy
| | - Wilson J F Lemos
- Bioresources Unit, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria
| | - Aline M A Martins
- Department of Medical Science, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Desidério Favarato
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato S Gaspar
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniéla O Magro
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Protasio L Da Luz
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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25
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Rational consideration of Akkermansia muciniphila targeting intestinal health: advantages and challenges. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:81. [PMID: 36253412 PMCID: PMC9576740 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the promising next-generation probiotics (NGPs), Akkermansia muciniphila, a well-known mucin-degrading bacterium, has been proven to be closely related to the metabolic diseases of its human host. However, the role of A. muciniphila in the host’s intestinal health remains ambiguous. Here, we comprehensively summarize and discuss the characteristics, the distribution, and the colonization of A. muciniphila in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We propose that the application of A. muciniphila as a biomarker for longevity, for diagnostics and prognostics of intestinal diseases, or for intestinal health should be cautiously considered. Precise dietary regulation can mediate the treatment of intestinal diseases by altering the abundance of A. muciniphila. Although the beneficial role of A. muciniphila and its component in intestinal inflammation has been discovered, in gnotobiotic mice with specific gut microbiota, certain genotype, and colorectal cancer, or in animal models infected with a specific pathogen, A. muciniphila may be related to the occurrence and development of intestinal diseases. Genomic analysis, emphasizing the strain-level phylogenetic differences of A. muciniphila, indicates that a clear description and discussion of each strain is critical before its practical application. Our review provides much needed insight for the precise application of A. muciniphila.
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26
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Gao J, Sadiq FA, Zheng Y, Zhao J, He G, Sang Y. Biofilm-based delivery approaches and specific enrichment strategies of probiotics in the human gut. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2126274. [PMID: 36175161 PMCID: PMC9542427 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2126274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of probiotics has been one of the effective strategies to restructure perturbed human gut microbiota following a disease or metabolic disorder. One of the biggest challenges associated with the use of probiotic-based gut modulation strategies is to keep the probiotic cells viable and stable during the gastrointestinal transit. Biofilm-based probiotics delivery approaches have emerged as fascinating modes of probiotic delivery in which probiotics show significantly greater tolerance and biotherapeutic potential, and interestingly probiotic biofilms can be developed on food-grade surfaces too, which is ideal for the growth and proliferation of bacterial cells for incorporation into food matrices. In addition, biofilms can be further encapsulated with food-grade materials or with bacterial self-produced biofilms. This review presents a newly emerging and unprecedently discussed techniques for the safe delivery of probiotics based on biofilms and further discusses newly emerging prebiotic materials which target specific gut microbiota groups for growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology & Food Sciences Unit, Melle, Belgium
| | - Yixin Zheng
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jinrong Zhao
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,CONTACT Guoqing He College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Sang
- Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China,Yaxin Sang Collge of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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28
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Cheng Z, Wang Y, Li B. Dietary Polyphenols Alleviate Autoimmune Liver Disease by Mediating the Intestinal Microenvironment: Challenges and Hopes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10708-10737. [PMID: 36005815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver disease is a chronic liver disease caused by an overactive immune response in the liver that imposes a significant health and economic cost on society. Due to the side effects of existing medicinal medications, there is a trend toward seeking natural bioactive compounds as dietary supplements. Currently, dietary polyphenols have been proven to have the ability to mediate gut-liver immunity and control autoimmune liver disease through modulating the intestinal microenvironment. Based on the preceding, this Review covers the many forms of autoimmune liver illnesses, their pathophysiology, and the modulatory effects of polyphenols on immune disorders. Finally, we focus on how polyphenols interact with the intestinal milieu to improve autoimmune liver disease. In conclusion, we suggest that dietary polyphenols have the potential as gut-targeted modulators for the prevention and treatment of autoimmune liver disease and highlight new perspectives and critical issues for future pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cheng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Nutrition and Innovative Manufacturing of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China
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Zhu W, Oteiza PI. Proanthocyanidins at the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms involved in their capacity to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:220-240. [PMID: 35943169 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continually increasing worldwide. Obesity is a major public health concern given the multiple associated comorbidities. Finding dietary approaches to prevent/mitigate these conditions is of critical relevance. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ols that are extensively distributed in nature, represent a major part of total dietary polyphenols. Although current evidence supports the capacity of PACs to mitigate obesity-associated comorbidities, the underlying mechanisms remain speculative due to the complexity of PACs' structure. Given their limited bioavailability, the major site of the biological actions of intact PACs is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review discusses the actions of PACs at the GI tract which could underlie their anti-obesity effects. These mechanisms include: i) inhibition of digestive enzymes at the GI lumen, including pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase; ii) modification of gut microbiota composition; iii) modulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-triggered signaling pathways, e.g. NF-κB and MAPKs; iv) protection of the GI barrier integrity. Further understanding of the mechanisms and biological activities of PACs at the GI tract can contribute to develop nutritional and pharmacological strategies oriented to mitigate the serious comorbidities of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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30
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Yue C, Chu C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q. Dietary strategies to promote the abundance of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila, a focus on the effect of plant extracts. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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32
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Chen Y, Wang J, Zou L, Cao H, Ni X, Xiao J. Dietary proanthocyanidins on gastrointestinal health and the interactions with gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6285-6308. [PMID: 35114875 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many epidemiological and experimental studies have consistently reported the beneficial effects of dietary proanthocyanidins (PAC) on improving gastrointestinal physiological functions. This review aims to present a comprehensive perspective by focusing on structural properties, interactions and gastrointestinal protection of PAC. In brief, the main findings of this review are summarized as follows: (1) Structural features are critical factors in determining the bioavailability and subsequent pharmacology of PAC; (2) PAC and/or their bacterial metabolites can play a direct role in the gastrointestinal tract through their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties; (3) PAC can reduce the digestion, absorption, and bioavailability of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids by interacting with them or their according enzymes and transporters in the gastrointestinal tract; (4). PAC showed a prebiotic-like effect by interacting with the microflora in the intestinal tract, and the enhancement of PAC on a variety of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. could be associated with potential benefits to human health. In conclusion, the potential effects of PAC in prevention and alleviation of gastrointestinal diseases are remarkable but clinical evidence is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Food Oral Processing, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Pancreatic Cancer Group, General Surgery Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang L, Gao M, Kang G, Huang H. The Potential Role of Phytonutrients Flavonoids Influencing Gut Microbiota in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Nutr 2021; 8:798038. [PMID: 34970585 PMCID: PMC8713745 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.798038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, is comprised of two idiopathic chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. As the incidence of IBD increases, so does the need for safe and effective treatments. Trillions of microorganisms are colonized in the mammalian intestine, coevolve with the host in a symbiotic relationship. Gut microbiota has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of IBD. In this regard, phytonutrients flavonoids have received increasing attention for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we address recent advances in the interactions among flavonoids, gut microbiota, and IBD. Moreover, their possible potential mechanisms of action in IBD have been discussed. We conclude that there is a complex interaction between flavonoids and gut microbiota. It is expected that flavonoids can change or reshape the gut microbiota to provide important considerations for developing treatments for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengxue Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Kumari M, Singh P, Nataraj BH, Kokkiligadda A, Naithani H, Azmal Ali S, Behare PV, Nagpal R. Fostering next-generation probiotics in human gut by targeted dietary modulation: An emerging perspective. Food Res Int 2021; 150:110716. [PMID: 34865747 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence and an in-depth understanding of the microbiome have helped in identifying beneficial commensals and their therapeutic potentials. Specific commensal taxa/ strains of the human gut microbiome have been positively associated with human health and recently termed as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Of these, Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus bromii, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, and Roseburia intestinalis are the five most relevant gut-derived NGPs that have demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing metabolic diseases. Specific and natural dietary interventions can modulate the abundance and activity of these beneficial bacteria in the gut. Hence, the understanding of targeted stimulation of specific NGP by specific probiotic-targeted diets (PTD) is indispensable for the rational application of their combination. The supplementation of NGP with its specific PTD will help the strain(s) to compete with harmful microbes and acquire its niche. This combination would enhance the effectiveness of NGPs to be used as "live biotherapeutic products" or food nutraceuticals. Under the current milieu, we review various PTDs that influence the abundance of specific potential NGPs, and contemplates potential interactions between diet, microbes, and their effects on host health. Taking into account the study mentioned, we propose that combining NGPs will provide an alternate solution for developing the new diet in conjunction with PTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manorama Kumari
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Parul Singh
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Basavaprabhu H Nataraj
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anusha Kokkiligadda
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Harshita Naithani
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics and Cell Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Technofunctional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures, Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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35
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Wang Y, Liu S, Tang D, Dong R, Feng Q. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Ameliorates Metabolic Syndrome Induced by Overnutrition via Altering Intestinal Microbiota. Front Nutr 2021; 8:743492. [PMID: 34660667 PMCID: PMC8517441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.743492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) play a prebiotic role in many ways, whereas its function on microbiota is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of COS on metabolic syndrome were initially investigated by testing changes in the physiological indicators after adding COS to the diet of mice with high fat (group H) and low fat (group L). The results showed that COS markedly inhibited the accumulation of body weight and liver fat induced by high-fat diet, as well as restored the elevated concentration of blood glucose and fasting insulin to normal levels. Next, changes of the murine intestinal microbiota were examined. The results exhibited that COS reduced with-in-sample diversity, while the between-sample microbial diversity enhanced. Specifically, COS enriched Clostridium paraputrificum and Clostridium ramosum in the mice on a high-fat diet, while the abundance of Clostridium cocleatum was reduced. As a comparison, Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Bacteroides uniformis increased their abundance in response to COS in the low-fat diet group. Noticeably, a large amount of Akkermansia muciniphila was enriched in both high-fat or low-fat diet groups. Among the differential fecal bacteria, Clostridium ramosume was found to be positively interacted with Faecalibacterim prausnitzii and Clostridium paraputrificum; Clostridium paraputrificum had a positive interactions with Lactococcus chungangensis and Bifidobacterium mongoliense, suggesting that COS probably ameliorate metabolic syndrome through the microbiota in view of the lipid-lowering effects of these interacted bacteria. Furthermore, the gene expression data revealed that COS improved the functions related to intestinal barrier and glucose transport, which could be the trigger and consequence of the variations in gut microbiota induced by COS. Additionally, correlation analysis found that intestinal bacteria are related to physiological parameters, which further supports the mediating role of gut microbiota in the beneficial effect of COS. In summary, our research results provide new evidence for the prebiotic effects of COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shili Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Di Tang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Dong
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration and School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Villa-Rodriguez JA, Montiel-Herrera M, Pacheco-Ordaz R, Roopchand DE, Venema K, González-Aguilar GA. Phenolic Compounds Promote Diversity of Gut Microbiota and Maintain Colonic Health. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3270-3289. [PMID: 33111173 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of non-energy-yielding nutrients on health has been meticulously studied, and the evidence shows that a compound can exert significant effects on health even if not strictly required by the organism. Phenolic compounds are among the most widely studied molecules that fit this description; they are found in plants as secondary metabolites and are not required by humans for growth or development, but they can influence a wide array of processes that modulate health across multiple organs and systems. The lower gastrointestinal tract is a prime site of action of phenolic compounds, namely, by their effects on gut microbiota and colonic health. As with humans, phenolic compounds are not required by most bacteria but can be substrates of others; in fact, some phenolic compounds exert antibacterial actions. A diet rich in phenolic compounds can lead to qualitative and quantitative effects on gut microbiota, thereby inducing indirect health effects in mammals through the action of these microorganisms. Moreover, phenolic compounds may be fermented by the gut microbiota, thereby modulating the compounds bioactivity. In the colon, phenolic compounds promote anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and antiproliferative actions. The aim of the present review is to highlight the role of phenolic compounds on maintaining or restoring a healthy microbiota and overall colonic health. Mechanisms of action that substantiate the reported evidence will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Jose A Villa-Rodriguez
- Center for Digestive Health, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Marcelino Montiel-Herrera
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pacheco-Ordaz
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Center for Digestive Health, Department of Food Science, Institute for Food Nutrition and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University - Campus Venlo, St. Jansweg 20, 5928 RC, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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Direito R, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Eduardo-Figueira M. From Diospyros kaki L. (Persimmon) Phytochemical Profile and Health Impact to New Product Perspectives and Waste Valorization. Nutrients 2021; 13:3283. [PMID: 34579162 PMCID: PMC8465508 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) fruit's phytochemical profile includes carotenoids, proanthocyanidins, and gallic acid among other phenolic compounds and vitamins. A huge antioxidant potential is present given this richness in antioxidant compounds. These bioactive compounds impact on health benefits. The intersection of nutrition and sustainability, the key idea behind the EAT-Lancet Commission, which could improve human health and decrease the global impact of food-related health conditions such as cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and obesity, bring the discussion regarding persimmon beyond the health effects from its consumption, but also on the valorization of a very perishable food that spoils quickly. A broad option of edible products with better storage stability or solutions that apply persimmon and its byproducts in the reinvention of old products or even creating new products, or with new and better packaging for the preservation of food products with postharvest technologies to preserve and extend the shelf-life of persimmon food products. Facing a global food crisis and the climate emergency, new and better day-to-day solutions are needed right now. Therefore, the use of persimmon waste has also been discussed as a good solution to produce biofuel, eco-friendly alternative reductants for fabric dyes, green plant growth regulator, biodegradable and edible films for vegetable packaging, antimicrobial activity against foodborne methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus found in retail pork, anti-Helicobacter pylori agents from pedicel extracts, and persimmon pectin-based emulsifiers to prevent lipid peroxidation, among other solutions presented in the revised literature. It has become clear that the uses for persimmon go far beyond the kitchen table and the health impact consumption demonstrated over the years. The desired sustainable transition is already in progress, however, mechanistic studies and clinical trials are essential and scaling-up is fundamental to the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Direito
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
| | - João Rocha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sepodes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Health Technologies, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Eduardo-Figueira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.R.); (B.S.); (M.E.-F.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
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Mezhibovsky E, Knowles KA, He Q, Sui K, Tveter KM, Duran RM, Roopchand DE. Grape Polyphenols Attenuate Diet-Induced Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis in Mice in Association With Reduced Butyrate and Increased Markers of Intestinal Carbohydrate Oxidation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:675267. [PMID: 34195217 PMCID: PMC8238044 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.675267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A Western Diet (WD) low in fiber but high in fats and sugars contributes to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Supplementation with grape polyphenols (GPs) rich in B-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) can attenuate symptoms of cardiometabolic disease and alter the gut microbiota and its metabolites. We hypothesized that GP-mediated metabolic improvements would correlate with altered microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). To more closely mimic a WD, C57BL/6J male mice were fed a low-fiber diet high in sucrose and butterfat along with 20% sucrose water to represent sugary beverages. This WD was supplemented with 1% GPs (WD-GP) to investigate the impact of GPs on energy balance, SCFA profile, and intestinal metabolism. Compared to WD-fed mice, the WD-GP group had higher lean mass along with lower fat mass, body weight, and hepatic steatosis despite consuming more calories from sucrose water. Indirect and direct calorimetry revealed that reduced adiposity in GP-supplemented mice was likely due to their greater energy expenditure, which resulted in lower energy efficiency compared to WD-fed mice. GP-supplemented mice had higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a gut microbe reported to increase energy expenditure. Short chain fatty acid measurements in colon content revealed that GP-supplemented mice had lower concentrations of butyrate, a major energy substrate of the distal intestine, and reduced valerate, a putrefactive SCFA. GP-supplementation also resulted in a lower acetate:propionate ratio suggesting reduced hepatic lipogenesis. Considering the higher sucrose consumption and reduced butyrate levels in GP-supplemented mice, we hypothesized that enterocytes would metabolize glucose and fructose as a replacement energy source. Ileal mRNA levels of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2, SLC2A2) were increased indicating higher glucose and fructose uptake. Expression of ketohexokinase (KHK) was increased in ileum tissue suggesting increased fructolysis. A GP-induced increase in intestinal carbohydrate oxidation was supported by: (1) increased gene expression of duodenal pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), (2) a decreased ratio of lactate dehydrogenase a (LDHa): LDHb in jejunum and colon tissues, and (3) decreased duodenal and colonic lactate concentrations. These data indicate that GPs protect against WD-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis by diminishing portal delivery of lipogenic butyrate and sugars due to their increased intestinal utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mezhibovsky
- Department of Food Science and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), New Brunswick, NJ, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Graduate Program, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Kim A. Knowles
- Department of Food Science and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Qiyue He
- Department of Food Science and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Ke Sui
- Department of Food Science and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Kevin M. Tveter
- Department of Food Science and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Rocio M. Duran
- Department of Food Science and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Diana E. Roopchand
- Department of Food Science and New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Van Buiten CB, Wu G, Lam YY, Zhao L, Raskin I. Elemental iron modifies the redox environment of the gastrointestinal tract: A novel therapeutic target and test for metabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:203-213. [PMID: 33831549 PMCID: PMC8544024 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS, i.e., type 2 diabetes and obesity) is often associated with dysbiosis, inflammation, and leaky gut syndrome, which increase the content of oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Using near-infrared fluorescent, in situ imaging of ROS, we evaluated the effects of oral administration of elemental iron powder (Fe0) on luminal ROS in the GI tract and related these changes to glucose metabolism and the gut microbiome. C57Bl/6J mice fed low-fat or high-fat diets and gavaged with Fe0 (2.5 g per kg), in both single- and repeat-doses, demonstrated decreased levels of luminal ROS. Fourteen days of repeated Fe0 administration reduced hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance in the obese and hyperglycemic animals compared to the untreated obese controls and reduced the relative amount of iron oxides in the feces, which indicated an increased redox environment of the GI tract. We determined that Fe0 administration can also be used as a diagnostic assay to assess the GI microenvironment. Improved metabolic outcomes and decreased gastrointestinal ROS in Fe0-treated, high-fat diet-fed animals correlated with the increase in a co-abundance group of beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus, and the suppression of detrimental populations, including Oscillibacter, Peptococcus, and Intestinimonas. Daily Fe0 treatment also increased the relative abundance of amplicon sequence variants that lacked functional enzymatic antioxidant systems, which is consistent with the ability of Fe0 to scavenge ROS and oxygen in the GI, thus favoring the growth of oxygen-sensitive bacteria. These findings delineate a functional role for antioxidants in modification of the GI microenvironment and subsequent reversal of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene B Van Buiten
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80525, USA; Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Guojun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 80901, USA
| | - Yan Y Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 80901, USA
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Center for Microbiome, Nutrition and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 80901, USA
| | - Ilya Raskin
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
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Sheng K, Zhang G, Sun M, He S, Kong X, Wang J, Zhu F, Zha X, Wang Y. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through intestinal barrier improvement, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota modulation. Food Funct 2021; 11:7817-7829. [PMID: 32808642 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is widely believed that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Dietary supplementation with GSPE has been reported to alleviate colitis signs in mice, but the mechanisms involved require further exploration. The present study investigated how the oral administration of GSPE ameliorates colitis signs and reduces colitis-associated inflammation. C57BL/6 mice were treated with GSPE for 21 days. During the final 7 days of treatment, the mice were administered dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) dissolved in drinking water to induce experimental colitis. We found that GSPE treatment improved DSS-induced colitis, which was evidenced by decreases in disease activity index (DAI) scores, pathological scores, and oxidative stress and increases in zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, and claudin-1 mRNA levels of colon tissue. Notably, the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly downregulated as a result of GSPE treatment in colon tissues. GSPE treatment also reduced NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mRNA levels of colon tissue. Furthermore, an analysis of 16S rRNA sequences showed that GSPE rebalanced the DSS-damaged gut microbiota, including reducing Bacteroidetes, Dubosiella, and Veillonella, increasing Verrucomicrobia and Akkermansia, and elevating the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. In conclusion, GSPE supplementation alleviates DSS-induced colitis by modulating inflammatory cytokines and oxidation stress, maintaining the intestinal barrier, and improving the microbial community. These results indicate that GSPE might be a new dietary strategy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangliang Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Shiman He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Fenfang Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangdong Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China. and Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China and Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
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Andersen-Civil AIS, Arora P, Williams AR. Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637603. [PMID: 33717185 PMCID: PMC7943737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Efficacy of Polyphenols in the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Focus on Clinical Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020672. [PMID: 33669729 PMCID: PMC7922034 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PLPs), phytochemicals found in a wide range of plant-based foods, have gained extensive attention in view of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and several additional beneficial activities. The health-promoting effects noted in animal models of various non-communicable diseases explain the growing interest in these molecules. In particular, in vitro and animal studies reported an attenuation of lipid disorders in response to PLPs. However, despite promising preclinical investigations, the effectiveness of PLPs in human dyslipidemia (DLP) is less clear and necessitates revision of available literature. Therefore, the present review analyzes the role of PLPs in managing clinical DLP, notably by dissecting their potential in ameliorating lipid/lipoprotein metabolism and alleviating hyperlipidemia, both postprandially and in long-term interventions. To this end, PubMed was used for article search. The search terms included polyphenols, lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and /or HDL-cholesterol. The critical examination of the trials published to date illustrates certain benefits on blood lipids along with co-morbidities in participant’s health status. However, inconsistent results document significant research gaps, potentially owing to study heterogeneity and lack of rigor in establishing PLP bioavailability during supplementation. This underlines the need for further efforts in order to elucidate and support a potential role of PLPs in fighting DLP.
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He YJ, You CG. The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disorders. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8601796. [PMID: 33005189 PMCID: PMC7509545 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to changes in lifestyle, diet structure, and aging worldwide, the incidence of metabolic syndromes such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity is increasing. Metabolic syndrome is considered to be closely related to cardiovascular disease and severely affects human health. In recent years, researchers have revealed that the gut microbiota, through its own or interacting metabolites, has a positive role in regulating metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been a new "organ" for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The role has not been clarified, and more research is necessary to prove the specific role of specific strains. Probiotics are also believed to regulate metabolic syndromes by regulating the gut microbiota and are expected to become a new preparation for treating metabolic syndromes. This review focuses on the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders by the gut microbiota through the effects of bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and genes such as ABCG5 and ABCG8, FXR, NPC1L, and LDL-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Chong-Ge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
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Tveter KM, Villa-Rodriguez JA, Cabales AJ, Zhang L, Bawagan FG, Duran RM, Roopchand DE. Polyphenol-induced improvements in glucose metabolism are associated with bile acid signaling to intestinal farnesoid X receptor. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001386. [PMID: 32771984 PMCID: PMC7418775 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bile acid (BA) biotransformation by gut bacteria impacts BA profile and signaling to nuclear receptors, such as the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) regulating glucose metabolism. Altered BA-FXR signaling was therefore investigated as a potential mechanism linking polyphenol-induced gut bacterial changes and improved glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetic db/db were fed low-fat diet (LFD) or LFD supplemented with a proanthocyanidin-rich extract of grape polyphenols (LFD-GP) for 4 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes, serum BAs, gut microbiota composition, and gene expression markers relevant to gut barrier and glucose metabolism were assessed. Gut organoids were used to investigate effects of individual BAs on ileal FXR activity. RESULTS Compared with LFD-fed controls, GP supplemented db/db mice showed improved glucose metabolism, decreased relative abundance of gut bacteria associated with production of secondary BAs (SBAs), and depleted serum levels of SBAs taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA), ω-muricholic acid (ωMCA), and tauro-ω-muricholic acid (TωMCA). Serum levels of primary BAs (PBAs) increased, consistent with higher gene expression of PBA synthesis enzyme Cyp7a1. GP-induced BA changes associated with FXR inhibition as evidenced by reduced expression of FXR-responsive genes Shp, Fgf15, and Fabp6 in ileum tissue as well as hepatic Shp, which negatively regulates PBA synthesis. GP treatment did not affect expression of hepatic Fxr or expression of Abcb11, Slc51b, and Obp2a genes controlling BA transport. Ceramide biosynthesis genes Smpd3, Sptlc2, and Cers4 were decreased in liver and intestine suggesting lower tissue ceramides levels may contribute to improved glucose metabolism. THDCA, ωMCA, and TωMCA behaved as FXR agonists in ileal organoid experiments; therefore, their depletion in serum of GP-supplemented db/db and wild type (WT) mice was consistent with FXR inhibition. CONCLUSION These data suggest that by altering the gut microbiota, GPs modify BA-FXR signaling pathways to promote glucoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tveter
- Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jose A Villa-Rodriguez
- Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alrick J Cabales
- Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Branch, Beijing, China
| | - Fiona G Bawagan
- Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rocio M Duran
- Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diana E Roopchand
- Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Nallathambi R, Poulev A, Zuk JB, Raskin I. Proanthocyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress and Restores Tight Junction Barrier Function in Caco-2 Colon Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061623. [PMID: 32492806 PMCID: PMC7352846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape polyphenols have previously been shown to improve gut health and attenuate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome; however, the mechanism of these beneficial effects is still debated. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of proanthocyanidin-rich grape seed extract (GSE) on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and barrier integrity of human Caco-2 colon cells. GSE significantly reduced the LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial superoxide production, and upregulated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes. GSE also restored the LPS-damaged mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, GSE increased the expression of tight junction proteins in the LPS-treated Caco-2 cells, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Our findings suggest that GSE exerts its beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome by scavenging intestinal ROS, thus reducing oxidative stress, increasing epithelial barrier integrity, and decreasing intestinal inflammation.
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Sorrenti V, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Buriani A. Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051265. [PMID: 32365576 PMCID: PMC7281972 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or amplify the properties of the genome. Today the use of omic techniques and bioinformatics, allow the construction of individual multilayer networks and thus the identification of personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. The composition of each athlete’s microbiome influences sports performance both directly by acting on energy metabolism and indirectly through the modulation of nutrient or non-nutrient molecule availability that ultimately affects the individual epigenome and the genome. Among non-nutrient molecules polyphenols can potentiate physical performances through different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with the gut microbiota, undergoing extensive metabolism to produce bioactive molecules, which act on transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and DNA repair. This review focuses on polyphenols effects in sports performance considering the individual microbiota, epigenomic asset, and the genomic characteristics of athletes to understand how their supplementation could potentially help to modulate muscle inflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
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Unusan N. Proanthocyanidins in grape seeds: An updated review of their health benefits and potential uses in the food industry. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Kuczma MP, Szurek EA, Cebula A, Chassaing B, Jung YJ, Kang SM, Fox JG, Stecher B, Ignatowicz L. Commensal epitopes drive differentiation of colonic T regs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3186. [PMID: 32494613 PMCID: PMC7164940 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is the largest source of intrinsic non-self-antigens that are continuously sensed by the immune system but typically do not elicit lymphocyte responses. CD4+ T cells are critical to sustain uninterrupted tolerance to microbial antigens and to prevent intestinal inflammation. However, clinical interventions targeting commensal bacteria-specific CD4+ T cells are rare, because only a very limited number of commensal-derived epitopes have been identified. Here, we used a new approach to study epitopes and identify T cell receptors expressed by CD4+Foxp3+ (Treg) cells specific for commensal-derived antigens. Using this approach, we found that antigens from Akkermansia muciniphila reprogram naïve CD4+ T cells to the Treg lineage, expand preexisting microbe specific Tregs, and limit wasting disease in the CD4+ T cell transfer model of colitis. These data suggest that the administration of specific commensal epitopes may help to widen the repertoire of specific Tregs that control intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal P. Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edyta A. Szurek
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Cebula
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- INSERM U1016, Team “Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases”, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James G. Fox
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leszek Ignatowicz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Xu Y, Wang N, Tan HY, Li S, Zhang C, Feng Y. Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in Obesity: Interactions With Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response and Gut Systems. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:219. [PMID: 32153527 PMCID: PMC7046546 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic syndrome, including liver disorders and type 2 diabetes, are a worldwide epidemic and are intimately linked to diet. The gut microbiota interaction has been pointed to as a hot topic of research in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases by influencing energy metabolism and the immune system. In terms of the novel beneficial microbes identified, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) colonizes the mucosa layer of the gut and modulates basal metabolism. A. muciniphila is consistently correlated with obesity. The causal beneficial impact of A. muciniphila treatment on obesity is coming to light, having been proved by a variety of animal models and human studies. A. muciniphila has been characterized as a beneficial player in body metabolism and has great prospects for treatments of the metabolic disorders associated with obesity, as well as being considered for next-generation therapeutic agents. This paper aimed to investigate the basic mechanism underlying the relation of A. muciniphila to obesity and its host interactions, as identified in recent discoveries, facilitating the establishment of the causal relationship in A. muciniphila-associated therapeutic supplement in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Cires MJ, Navarrete P, Pastene E, Carrasco-Pozo C, Valenzuela R, Medina DA, Andriamihaja M, Beaumont M, Blachier F, Gotteland M. Effect of a proanthocyanidin-rich polyphenol extract from avocado on the production of amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites and the microbiota composition in rats fed a high-protein diet. Food Funct 2020; 10:4022-4035. [PMID: 31218325 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00700h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of high-protein diets (HPDs) increases the flux of undigested proteins moving to the colon. These proteins are hydrolyzed by bacterial proteases and peptidases, releasing amino acids, which in turn are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota (IM) for protein synthesis and production of various metabolites that can exert positive or deleterious effects, depending on their concentrations, at the colonic or systemic level. On the other hand, proanthocyanidins are polymers of flavan-3-ols which cannot be absorbed at the intestinal level, accumulating in the colon where they are fermented by the IM producing metabolites that appear beneficial for colonocytes and also at the peripheral level. This study evaluated the effect of an avocado peel polyphenol extract (AvPPE) rich in proanthocyanidins on the production of cecal bacterial metabolites and microbiota composition in rats fed a HPD. Compared with the normal-protein (NP) group, HPD did not markedly affect the body weight gain of the animals, but increased the kidney weight. Additionally, the HPD induced a higher cecal concentration of ammonia (NH4+/NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). The supplementation with AvPPE attenuated the production of H2S and increased the production of indole. On the other hand, the HPD affected the composition of the cecal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Lactobacillus, while decreasing Prevotella. The AvPPE counteracted the increase induced by the HPD on the genus Lactobacillus, and increased the relative abundance of [Prevotella]. Our results contribute towards explaining the health-promoting effects of proanthocyanidin-rich dietary foodstuffs including fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile and Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. and Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, San Sebastian University, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile
| | | | - Martin Beaumont
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, France and GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. and Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile and Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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