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Wang Y, Liu Q, Liu Y, Qiao W, Zhao J, Cao H, Liu Y, Chen L. Advances in the composition, efficacy, and mimicking of human milk phospholipids. Food Funct 2024; 15:6254-6273. [PMID: 38787648 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00539b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the essential components of human milk, contributing to the enhancement of cognitive development, regulation of immune functions, and mitigation of elevated cholesterol levels. Infant formulas supplemented with phospholipids can change the composition, content, and globule membrane structure of milk lipids, improving their digestive properties and nutritional value. However, mimicking phospholipids in infant formulas is currently limited, and the supplemented standards of phospholipid species and amounts in infant formulas are unknown. Consequently, there is a significant difference between the phospholipids in infant formulas and those in human milk. This article reviews the recent progress in human milk phospholipid research, aiming to describe the composition, content, and positive effects of human milk phospholipids, as well as summarises the dietary sources of phospholipid supplementation and the current state of human milk phospholipid mimicking in infant formulas. This review provides clear directions for research on mimicking human milk phospholipids and evaluating the nutritional functions of phospholipids in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Huiru Cao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., No. 8, Yingchang Street 100076, Yinghai Town, Daxing District, Beijing, China.
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Rusnak T, Azarcoya-Barrera J, Makarowski A, Jacobs RL, Richard C. Plant- and Animal-Derived Dietary Sources of Phosphatidylcholine Have Differential Effects on Immune Function in The Context of A High-Fat Diet in Male Wistar Rats. J Nutr 2024; 154:1936-1944. [PMID: 38582387 PMCID: PMC11217025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatidylcholine (PC) derived from eggs has been shown to beneficially modulate T cell response and intestinal permeability under the context of a high-fat diet. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a differential effect of plant and animal-derived sources of PC on immune function. METHODS Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 4 diets (n = 10/group) for 12 wk, all containing 1.5 g of total choline/kg of diet but differing in choline forms: 1-Control Low-Fat [CLF, 20% fat, 100% free choline (FC)]; 2-Control High-Fat (CHF, 50% fat, 100% FC); 3-High-Fat Egg-derived PC (EPC, 50% fat, 100% Egg-PC); 4-High-Fat Soy-derived PC (SPC, 50% fat, 100% Soy-PC). Immune cell functions and phenotypes were measured in splenocytes by ex vivo cytokine production after mitogen stimulation and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS The SPC diet increased splenocyte IL-2 production after PMA+I stimulation compared with the CHF diet. However, the SPC group had a lower proportion of splenocytes expressing the IL-2 receptor (CD25+, P < 0.05). After PMA+I stimulation, feeding EPC normalized splenocyte production of IL-10 relative to the CLF diet, whereas SPC did not (P < 0.05). In mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes, the SPC diet group produced more IL-2 and TNF-α after PMA+I stimulation than the CHF diet, whereas the EPC diet group did not. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that both egg- and soy-derived PC may attenuate high-fat diet-induced T cell dysfunction. However, egg-PC enhances, to a greater extent, IL-10, a cytokine involved in promoting the resolution phase of inflammation, whereas soy-PC appears to elicit a greater effect on gut-associated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianna Rusnak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jessy Azarcoya-Barrera
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexander Makarowski
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Richard
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Bernoud-Hubac N, Lo Van A, Lazar AN, Lagarde M. Ischemic Brain Injury: Involvement of Lipids in the Pathophysiology of Stroke and Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:634. [PMID: 38929073 PMCID: PMC11200865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by the sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain. Lipids are essential components of brain structure and function and play pivotal roles in stroke pathophysiology. Dysregulation of lipid signaling pathways modulates key cellular processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, exacerbating ischemic brain injury. In the present review, we summarize the roles of lipids in stroke pathology in different models (cell cultures, animal, and human studies). Additionally, the potential of lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, to promote neuroprotection and their use as biomarkers in stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LAMCOS, UMR5259, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (A.L.V.); (A.-N.L.); (M.L.)
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Couëdelo L, Lennon S, Abrous H, Chamekh I, Bouju C, Griffon H, Vaysse C, Larvol L, Breton G. In Vivo Absorption and Lymphatic Bioavailability of Docosahexaenoic Acid from Microalgal Oil According to Its Physical and Chemical Form of Vectorization. Nutrients 2024; 16:1014. [PMID: 38613047 PMCID: PMC11013230 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential fatty acid (FA) with proven pro-health effects, but improving its bioavailability is becoming a public health issue. The bioavailability of DHA from microalgal (A) oil has been comprehensively assessed, particularly in terms of the molecular structuring capabilities offered by A-oil. Here, we explored the impact of five DHA-rich formulas differing in terms of (i) molecular structure, i.e., ethyl ester (EE), monoglyceride (MG), or triglyceride (TG), and (ii) supramolecular form, i.e., emulsified TG or TG + phospholipids (PL blend) on the lymphatic kinetics of DHA absorption and the lipid characteristics of the resulting lipoproteins. We demonstrated in rats that the conventional A-DHA TG structure afforded more effective DHA absorption than the EE structure (+23%). Furthermore, the A-DHA MG and A-DHA emulsions were the better DHA vectors (AUC: 89% and +42%, respectively) due to improved lipolysis. The A-DHA MG and A-DHA emulsion presented the richest DHA content in TG (+40%) and PL (+50%) of lymphatic chylomicrons, which could affect the metabolic fate of DHA. We concluded that structuring A-DHA in TG or EE form would better serve for tissue and hepatic metabolism whereas A-DHA in MG and emulsion form could better target nerve tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Couëdelo
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | | | - Hélène Abrous
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Ikram Chamekh
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Corentin Bouju
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Hugues Griffon
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Nutrition Life Sciences, 33610 Bordeaux, France; (H.A.); (I.C.); (C.B.); (H.G.); (C.V.)
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Park K, Kong CH, Kang WC, Jeon M, Lee WH, Lee J, Kim SC, Jung SY, Ryu JH. LPC20K modified from krill oil ameliorates the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Behav Brain Res 2024; 461:114836. [PMID: 38145873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by cognitive impairment. It is common in the elderly. Etiologically, dysfunction of cholinergic neurotransmitter system is prominent in AD. However, disease modifying drug for AD is still unavailable. We hypothesized that krill oil and modified krill oil containing 20 % lysophosphatidylcholine-docosahexaenoic acid (LPC-DHA, LPC20K) could play a crucial role in AD by improving cognitive functions measured by several behavioral tests. We found that LPC20K could ameliorate short-term, long-term, spatial, and object recognition memory under cholinergic hypofunction states. To find the underlying mechanism involved in the effect of LPC20K on cognitive function, we investigated changes of signaling molecules using Western blotting. Expression levels of protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), and phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKⅡ), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were significantly increased in LPC20K-administered group compared to those in the memory impairment group. Moreover, the expression levels of BDNF were temporally increased especially 6 or 9 h after administration of LPC20K compared with the control group. These results suggest that LPC20K could ameliorate memory impairment caused by hypocholinergic state by enhancing the expression levels of PKCζ and PSD-95, and phosphorylation levels of ERK, CaMKⅡ and CREB and increasing BDNF expression levels. Therefore, LPC20K could be used as a dietary supplement against cognitive impairment observed in diseases such as AD with a hypocholinergic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keontae Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Chang Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Croda Korea Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13636, the Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Kim
- Croda Korea Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13636, the Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, the Republic of Korea.
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Ortlund E, Chen CY, Maner-Smith K, Khadka M, Ahn J, Gulbin X, Ivanova A, Dammer E, Seyfried N, Bennett D, Hajjar I. Integrative brain omics approach reveals key role for sn-1 lysophosphatidylethanolamine in Alzheimer's dementia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3973736. [PMID: 38464293 PMCID: PMC10925467 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3973736/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The biology of individual lipid species and their relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains incompletely understood. We utilized non-targeted mass spectrometry to examine brain lipids variations across 316 post-mortem brains from participants in the Religious Orders Study (ROS) or Rush Memory and Aging Project (MAP) cohorts classified as either control, asymptomatic AD (AAD), or symptomatic AD (SAD) and integrated the lipidomics data with untargeted proteomic characterization on the same individuals. Lipid enrichment analysis and analysis of variance identified significantly lower abundance of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species in SAD than controls or AAD. Lipid-protein co-expression network analyses revealed that lipid modules consisting of LPE and LPC exhibited a significant association to protein modules associated with MAPK/metabolism, post-synaptic density, and Cell-ECM interaction pathways and were associated with better antemortem cognition and with neuropathological changes seen in AD. Particularly, LPE 22:6 [sn-1] levels are significantly decreased across AD cases (SAD) and show the most influence on protein changes compared to other lysophospholipid species. LPE 22:6 may be a lipid signature for AD and could be leveraged as potential therapeutic or dietary targets for AD.
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Derbyshire EJ, Birch CS, Bonwick GA, English A, Metcalfe P, Li W. Optimal omegas - barriers and novel methods to narrow omega-3 gaps. A narrative review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1325099. [PMID: 38371504 PMCID: PMC10869628 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1325099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid are central to development and health across the life course. O3LC-PUFAs have been linked to neurological development, maternal and child health and the etiology of certain non-communicable diseases including age-related cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. However, dietary inadequacies exist in the United Kingdom and on a wider global scale. One predominant dietary source of O3LC-PUFAs is fish and fish oils. However, growing concerns about overfishing, oceanic contaminants such as dioxins and microplastics and the trend towards plant-based diets appear to be acting as cumulative barriers to O3LC-PUFAs from these food sources. Microalgae are an alternative provider of O3LC-PUFA-rich oils. The delivery of these into food systems is gaining interest. The present narrative review aims to discuss the present barriers to obtaining suitable levels of O3LC-PUFAs for health and wellbeing. It then discusses potential ways forward focusing on innovative delivery methods to utilize O3LC-PUFA-rich oils including the use of fortification strategies, bioengineered plants, microencapsulation, and microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Phil Metcalfe
- Efficiency Technologies Limited, Milton Keynes, England, United Kingdom
| | - Weili Li
- University of Chester, Chester, United Kingdom
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Wong G, Narasimhan K, Cheong WF, Ng S, Aris IM, Loy SL, Bendt AK, Tan KH, Yap FKP, Shek LP, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Godfrey KM, Lee YS, Wenk MR, Karnani N, Chan SY. Umbilical Cord Plasma Lysophospholipids and Triacylglycerols Associated with Birthweight Percentiles. Nutrients 2024; 16:274. [PMID: 38257167 PMCID: PMC10820643 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated transplacental lipid transfer and fetal-placental lipid metabolism affect birthweight, as does maternal hyperglycemia. As the mechanisms are unclear, we aimed to identify the lipids in umbilical cord plasma that were most associated with birthweight. Seventy-five Chinese women with singleton pregnancies recruited into the GUSTO mother-offspring cohort were selected from across the glycemic range based on a mid-gestation 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, excluding pre-existing diabetes. Cord plasma samples collected at term delivery were analyzed using targeted liquid-chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry to determine the concentrations of 404 lipid species across 17 lipid classes. The birthweights were standardized for sex and gestational age by local references, and regression analyses were adjusted for the maternal age, BMI, parity, mode of delivery, insulin treatment, and fasting/2 h glucose, with a false discovery-corrected p < 0.05 considered significant. Ten lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and two lysophosphatidylethanolamines were positively associated with the birthweight percentiles, while twenty-four triacylglycerols were negatively associated with the birthweight percentiles. The topmost associated lipid was LPC 20:2 [21.28 (95%CI 12.70, 29.87) percentile increase in the standardized birthweight with each SD-unit increase in log10-transformed concentration]. Within these same regression models, maternal glycemia did not significantly associate with the birthweight percentiles. Specific fetal circulating lysophospholipids and triacylglycerols associate with birthweight independently of maternal glycemia, but a causal relationship remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Wong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Kothandaraman Narasimhan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Wei Fun Cheong
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (W.F.C.); (A.K.B.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Sharon Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.N.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Izzuddin M. Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - See Ling Loy
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH), Singapore 229899, Singapore; (S.L.L.); (K.H.T.); (F.K.P.Y.)
| | - Anne K. Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (W.F.C.); (A.K.B.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH), Singapore 229899, Singapore; (S.L.L.); (K.H.T.); (F.K.P.Y.)
| | - Fabian K. P. Yap
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH), Singapore 229899, Singapore; (S.L.L.); (K.H.T.); (F.K.P.Y.)
| | - Lynette P. Shek
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (L.P.S.); (Y.S.L.)
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.N.); (Y.S.C.)
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Keith M. Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (L.P.S.); (Y.S.L.)
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; (W.F.C.); (A.K.B.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Singapore 117609, Singapore (K.N.); (P.D.G.); (N.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117593, Singapore; (S.N.); (Y.S.C.)
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Zhang X, Yuan T, Chen X, Liu X, Hu J, Liu Z. Effects of DHA on cognitive dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer's disease: The mediating roles of ApoE. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101256. [PMID: 37890592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise due to the increasing aging population. Among the various genetic factors associated with AD, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a lipid transporter, stands out as the primary genetic risk factor. Specifically, individuals carrying the ApoE4 allele exhibit a significantly higher risk. However, emerging research indicates that dietary factors play a prominent role in modifying the risk of AD. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prominent ω-3 fatty acid, has garnered considerable attention for its potential to ameliorate cognitive function. The intricate interplay between DHA and the ApoE genotype within the brain, which may influence DHA's utilization and functionality, warrants further investigation. This review meticulously examines experimental and clinical studies exploring the effects of DHA on cognitive decline. Special emphasis is placed on elucidating the role of ApoE gene polymorphism and the underlying mechanisms are discussed. These studies suggest that early DHA supplementation may confer benefits to cognitively normal older adults carrying the ApoE4 gene. However, once AD develops, ApoE4 non-carriers may experience greater benefits compared to ApoE4 carriers, although the overall effectiveness of DHA supplementation at this stage is limited. Potential mechanisms underlying these differential effects may include accelerated DHA catabolism in ApoE4 carriers, impaired transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and compromised lipidation and circulatory function in ApoE4 carriers. Thus, the supplementation of DHA may represent a potential intervention strategy aimed at compensating for these deficiencies in ApoE4 carriers prior to the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Xuebo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China; Dongguan Chuangwei Precision Nutrition and Health Innovation Center, Dongguan, Guangdong 523170, China; Shaanxi Precision Nutrition and Health Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710300, China.
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Yang ZH, Gorusupudi A, Lydic TA, Mondal AK, Sato S, Yamazaki I, Yamaguchi H, Tang J, Rojulpote KV, Lin AB, Decot H, Koch H, Brock DC, Arunkumar R, Shi ZD, Yu ZX, Pryor M, Kun JF, Swenson RE, Swaroop A, Bernstein PS, Remaley AT. Dietary fish oil enriched in very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid reduces cardiometabolic risk factors and improves retinal function. iScience 2023; 26:108411. [PMID: 38047069 PMCID: PMC10692724 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs; C24-38) constitute a unique class of PUFA that have important biological roles, but the lack of a suitable dietary source has limited research in this field. We produced an n-3 C24-28-rich VLCPUFA-oil concentrated from fish oil to study its bioavailability and physiological functions in C57BL/6J mice. The serum and retinal C24:5 levels increased significantly compared to control after a single-dose gavage, and VLCPUFAs were incorporated into the liver, brain, and eyes after 8-week supplementation. Dietary VLCPUFAs resulted in favorable cardiometabolic changes, and improved electroretinography responses and visual performance. VLCPUFA supplementation changed the expression of genes involved in PPAR signaling pathways. Further in vitro studies demonstrated that the VLCPUFA-oil and chemically synthesized C24:5 are potent agonists for PPARs. The multiple potential beneficial effects of fish oil-derived VLCPUFAs on cardiometabolic risk and eye health in mice support future efforts to develop VLCPUFA-oil into a supplemental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Aruna Gorusupudi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Todd A. Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anupam K. Mondal
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seizo Sato
- Central Research Laboratory, Nissui Corporation, 1-32-3 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0991, Japan
| | - Isao Yamazaki
- Central Research Laboratory, Nissui Corporation, 1-32-3 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0991, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamaguchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Nissui Corporation, 1-32-3 Nanakuni, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0991, Japan
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Krishna Vamsi Rojulpote
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna B. Lin
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hannah Decot
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hannah Koch
- Department of Physiology, Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Daniel C. Brock
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ranganathan Arunkumar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Milton Pryor
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia F. Kun
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Liu Q, Qiao W, Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhao J, Fan X, Li Z, Hou J, Liu Y, Chen J, Yang K, Yu X, Lin L, Jin Y, Chen L. Effects of lipids from multiple sources on glyceride composition, concentration, and structure of infant formulas benchmarked to human milk. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21611. [PMID: 38027638 PMCID: PMC10654232 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The important parameters affecting the nutritional properties of lipids were analyzed and compared between human milk (HM), infant formulas (IFs), mammalian milk, and substitute fat, including molecular species, fatty acid composition, glyceride content, and important structural triacylglycerols (TAGs). The molecular species of triacylglycerols with functional fatty acids were significantly different between HM and IFs, and their contents in HM were significantly higher than those in IFs. Accordingly, the evaluation scores of fatty acid composition and glyceride content in IFs were less than 50 compared to HM. Although the introduction of vegetable oils effectively improved the unsaturation of IF lipid, the excessive addition of TAGs rich in oleic and linoleic acid resulted in an imbalance of TAG composition and structure. Only 36.84 % of IFs were supplemented with structured lipids, but those still lacked sn-2 palmitate TAGs. The adoption of multiple lipids and novel processing technologies is required for novel IFs to match the composition, content, positional structure and spherical membrane structure of HM as closely as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Xiaofei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Juncai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yanpin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Kai Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Li Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yue Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
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12
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Ren J, Ren A, Huang Z, Deng X, Jiang Z, Xue Y, Fu Z, Smith LE, Ke M, Gong Y. Metabolomic Profiling of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Oxidation in Adults with Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Case-Control Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:579-590. [PMID: 37454758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and their metabolites are closely related to neovascular eye diseases. However, the clinical significance of their oxylipins in retinal vein occlusion (RVO) remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVES This case-control study aimed to explore metabolomic profiles of LCPUFA oxidation in RVO and to identify potential indicators for diagnosis and pathologic progression. METHODS The plasma concentrations of ω-3 (n-3) and ω-6 (n-6) LCPUFA and their oxylipins in 44 adults with RVO and 36 normal controls were analyzed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Univariate analysis combined with principal component and orthogonal projections to latent structure discriminant analysis was used to screen differential metabolites. Aortic ring and choroidal explant sprouting assays were used to investigate the effects of 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids (ETE) on angiogenesis ex vivo. Tubule formation and wound healing assays were performed to verify its effects on human retinal microvascular endothelial cell functions. RESULTS Higher ω-6 and lower ω-3 LCPUFA plasma concentrations were measured in the adults with RVO compared with control (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42, 3.86; P < 0.001; OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.51; P < 0.001). Metabolomic analysis revealed 20 LCPUFA and their oxylipins dysregulated in RVO, including increased arachidonic acid (ω-6, OR: 1.85; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.90; P < 0.001) and its lipoxygenase product 5-oxo-ETE (OR: 11.76; 95% CI: 3.73, 37.11; P < 0.001), as well as decreased docosahexaenoic acid (ω-3, OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.33; P < 0.001). Interestingly, 5-oxo-ETE was downregulated in ischemic compared with nonischemic central RVO. Exogenous 5-oxo-ETE attenuated aortic ring and choroidal explant sprouting and inhibited tubule formation and migration of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, possibly via suppressing the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The plasma concentrations of ω-6 and ω-3 LCPUFA and their oxylipins were associated with RVO. The ω-6 LCPUFA-derived metabolite 5-oxo-ETE was a potential marker of RVO development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anli Ren
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizhi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanni Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongjie Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lois Eh Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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13
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Tanaka-Kanegae R, Kimura H, Hamada K. Oral Administration of Egg- and Soy-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine Mitigated Acetylcholine Depletion in the Brain of Scopolamine-Treated Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3618. [PMID: 37630808 PMCID: PMC10458616 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-modified lecithin that contains lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is generally recognized as safe. However, its potential as a functional ingredient has been less investigated than other choline (Ch)-containing compounds, such as glycerophosphocholine (GPC). Reports on the possibility of LPC functioning as a cholinergic precursor in vivo and on its kinetics are limited to docosahexaenoic acid-bound LPC. Herein, three experiments were performed to investigate these processes in scopolamine (SCO)-treated rats. First, an egg-derived LPC reagent was orally administered to rats, and brain acetylcholine (ACh), Ch, plasma Ch, and LPC were measured. Second, soy- and rapeseed-derived enzyme-modified lecithins and GPC were administered for comparison. Third, soy-derived enzyme-modified lecithins with different fat contents were administered for comparison. The LPC reagent mitigated SCO-induced ACh depletion at 500 mg/kg body weight and increased plasma Ch, but not LPC, concentrations. Additionally, soy-derived LPC-containing food additive counteracted brain ACh depletion similarly to GPC. Interestingly, plasma Ch and linoleoyl-LPC levels were higher when soy-derived LPC with a higher fat content was administered, whereas the plasma levels of palmitoyl-LPC decreased and those of total LPC remained constant. In conclusion, egg- and soy-derived LPC species function as cholinergic precursors in vivo, and future studies should explore this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Tanaka-Kanegae
- Saga Nutraceuticals Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 5006-5 Aza Higashiyama, Yoshinogari-cho, Kanzaki-gun, Omagari, Saga 842-0195, Japan
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14
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Herrera E, Ortega-Senovilla H. Dietary Implications of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy and in Neonates. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1656. [PMID: 37629513 PMCID: PMC10455977 DOI: 10.3390/life13081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain limitations exist for animals to modify fatty acid changes. Besides the role of arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other 20-carbon long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) for the synthesis of inflammatory mediators as eicosanoids, different LCPUFAs have many other effects, including their abilities to regulate gene expression and downstream events. LCPUFAs are susceptible to autoxidation, which is prevented by the action of antioxidants in the form of enzymes like superoxide dismutases, catalases and peroxidases, as well as antioxidant compounds that protect against oxidation or repair the damage caused. Under normal conditions, the fetus needs both essential fatty acids (EFAs) and LCPUFAs, which are obtained from its mother by placental transfer. In early pregnancy, dietary derived fatty acids are accumulated in maternal adipose tissue. However, during late pregnancy, corresponding to the period of the highest fetal growth, maternal adipose tissue becomes catabolic and LCPUFAs are released into the circulation by adipose lipolytic activity. The released LCPUFAs are taken up by maternal liver to be esterified and released back to the circulation as triacylglycerides (TAGs) in very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) that become available to the placenta to be transferred to the fetus in the form of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). An enhanced adipose tissue lipolysis is maintained around parturition and esterified LCPUFAs are diverted to mammary glands thanks to an increased activity of lipoprotein lipase for milk production. Throughout this process, LCPUFAs become available to the newborn during suckling. The important role of both DHA and AA for the development of the nervous system and for growth has motivated their dietary supplement during different postnatal stages. This has been especially important in preterm infants both because under normal conditions, the fetus acquires most of these fatty acids during late pregnancy, and because the immaturity of the enzyme systems for the synthesis of AA and DHA from their respective EFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Herrera
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28660 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Snyder J, Wu Z. Origins of nervous tissue susceptibility to ferroptosis. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100091. [PMID: 37398634 PMCID: PMC10308196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of programmed cell death. It possesses unique processes of cell demise, cytopathological changes, and independent signal regulation pathways. Ferroptosis is considered to be deeply involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Intriguingly, why cells in certain tissues and organs (such as the central nervous system, CNS) are more sensitive to changes in ferroptosis remains a question that has not been carefully discussed. In this Holmesian review, we discuss lipid composition as a potential but often overlooked determining factor in ferroptosis sensitivity and the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the pathogenesis of several common human neurodegenerative diseases. In subsequent studies of ferroptosis, lipid composition needs to be given special attention, as it may significantly affect the susceptibility of the cell model used (or the tissue studied).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Snyder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dedman College of Humanities and Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 75275, USA
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16
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Mohamad Ali D, Hogeveen K, Orhant RM, Le Gal de Kerangal T, Ergan F, Ulmann L, Pencreac'h G. Lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA Specifically Induces Cytotoxic Effects of the MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line In Vitro-Comparative Effects with Other Lipids Containing DHA. Nutrients 2023; 15:2137. [PMID: 37432249 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 ω-3) is a dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid that has an important role in human health. Epidemiological studies linked a high intake of DHA to a reduced risk of certain cancers. Recently, attention focused on how the lipid carrier in which DHA is delivered, i.e., esterified on acylglycerols, phospholipids, or free, affects its biological effects. However, studies comparing the effects of these different forms for DHA supply to cancer cells in vitro are limited. In this study, the effect of free DHA and five lipids carrying one to three DHA chains (LPC-DHA, PC-DHA, MAG-DHA, DAG-DHA and TAG-DHA) on the viability of the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was compared. Our results revealed a strong structure-function relationship of DHA-carrying lipids on the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. Glycerophosphocholine-based lipids are the most effective DHA carriers in reducing the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells, with LPC-DHA being more effective (IC50 = 23.7 µM) than PC-DHA (IC50 = 67 µM). The other tested lipids are less toxic (MAG-DHA, free DHA) or even not toxic (DAG-DHA, TAG-DHA) under our conditions. Investigating the mechanism of cell death induced by LPC-DHA revealed increased oxidative stress and membrane cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Mohamad Ali
- BiOSSE: Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, IUT de Laval, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute, Equipe CIMEs, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, ANSES, F-35306 Fougères, France
| | - Rose-Marie Orhant
- BiOSSE: Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, IUT de Laval, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Tiphaine Le Gal de Kerangal
- BiOSSE: Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, IUT de Laval, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Françoise Ergan
- BiOSSE: Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, IUT de Laval, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Lionel Ulmann
- BiOSSE: Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, IUT de Laval, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
| | - Gaëlle Pencreac'h
- BiOSSE: Biology of Organisms, Stress, Health, Environment, IUT de Laval, Département Génie Biologique, Le Mans Université, F-53020 Laval, France
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17
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Li J, Jian Y, Liu R, Zhao X, Mao J, Wei W, Jiang C, Zhang L, Wang Y, Zhou P. Choline and Fish Oil Can Improve Memory of Mice through Increasing Brain DHA Level. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091799. [PMID: 37174337 PMCID: PMC10178732 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is highly enriched in the brain, and is essential for normal brain development and function. However, evidence suggests that currently used supplements, such as fish oil, do not significantly increase brain DHA levels. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether combined fish oil and choline supplementation could affect the type and enrich the content of DHA in the brain. The results revealed that the combined intake of fish oil and choline upregulated the expression of key transporters and receptors, including MFSD2A, FATP1, and FABP5, which increased the uptake of DHA in the brain. Additionally, this supplementation improved the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the brain, which, in turn, enhanced the learning and memory abilities of mice. These findings suggest that the combined intake of fish oil and choline improves the bioavailability of DHA in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
| | - Yaqiong Jian
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhao
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jiangyi Mao
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Danone Open Science Research Center for Life-Transforming Nutrition, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214126, China
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18
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Nagata K, Kakizaki Y, Yanagida K, Arai T, Nakano K, Hamano F, Goto M, Okamura T, Shimizu T, Shindou H. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid does not improve male infertility caused by lysophospholipid acyltransferase 3 (LPLAT3/AGPAT3) deficiency. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 663:179-185. [PMID: 37121128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid, usually presents as a constituent of phospholipids in the cellular membrane. Lysophospholipid acyltransferase 3 (LPLAT3; AGPAT3) is the primary enzyme that incorporates DHA into phospholipids. LPLAT3-KO mice show male infertility and visual dysfunction accompanied by decreased phospholipids (PLs) containing DHA (PL-DHA) in the testis and retina, respectively. In this study, we evaluated the effect of diets consisting mainly of triacylglycerol-bound DHA (fish oil) and PL-bound DHA (salmon roe oil) on the amount of PL-DHA in a broad range of tissues and on reproductive functions. Both diets elevated phosphatidylcholines (PCs)-containing DHA in most tissues of wild type (WT) mice. Although LPLAT3-KO mice acquired a minimal amount of PC-DHA in the testes and sperm by eating either of the diets, reproductive function did not improve. The present study suggests that DHA-rich diets do not restore sufficient PL-DHA to improve male infertility in LPLAT3-KO mice. Alternatively, PL-DHA can be biosynthesized by LPLAT3 but not by external supplementation, which may be necessary for normal reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Nagata
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Yuusuke Kakizaki
- Central Research Institute, Maruha Nichiro Corporation, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 300-4295, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Arai
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Fumie Hamano
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Motohito Goto
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
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19
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Khoury S, Soubeyre V, Cabaret S, Grégoire S, Mézière E, Masson E, Grosmaitre X, Bretillon L, Berdeaux O, Acar N, Le Bon AM. Impact of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake during the perinatal and post-weaning periods on the phospholipid and ganglioside composition of olfactory tissues. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 191:102556. [PMID: 36870298 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory mucosa (OM) and olfactory bulb (OB) are neuronal tissues that contribute to the early processing of olfactory information. They contain significant amounts of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are crucial for neuronal tissue development. In this study, we evaluated the impact of feeding mice diets that are either deficient in α-linolenic acid (ALA) or supplemented with n-3 long-chain PUFAs from gestation to adolescence on the phospholipid and ganglioside composition of these tissues. Both diets modified the levels of some phospholipid classes, notably the phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine levels. In addition, the low-ALA diet enriched n-6 PUFAs in the main phospholipid classes of both tissues, while the diet supplemented with n-3 PUFAs enhanced the n-3 PUFA-containing phospholipid species level, mainly in OM. The diets also modulated the levels and profiles of several ganglioside classes in OM and OB. These modifications may have repercussions on the olfactory sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiro Khoury
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Vanessa Soubeyre
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphanie Cabaret
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Stéphane Grégoire
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Esther Mézière
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Elodie Masson
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Xavier Grosmaitre
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Lionel Bretillon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France; INRAE, PROBE Research Infrastructure, ChemoSens facility, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Niyazi Acar
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Anne Marie Le Bon
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France.
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20
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Ahmmed MK, Hachem M, Ahmmed F, Rashidinejad A, Oz F, Bekhit AA, Carne A, Bekhit AEDA. Marine Fish-Derived Lysophosphatidylcholine: Properties, Extraction, Quantification, and Brain Health Application. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073088. [PMID: 37049852 PMCID: PMC10095705 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids esterified in lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-omega-3) are the most bioavailable omega-3 fatty acid form and are considered important for brain health. Lysophosphatidylcholine is a hydrolyzed phospholipid that is generated from the action of either phospholipase PLA1 or PLA2. There are two types of LPC; 1-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-2 position is acylated) and 2-LPC (where the omega-3 fatty acid at the sn-1 position is acylated). The 2-LPC type is more highly bioavailable to the brain than the 1-LPC type. Given the biological and health aspects of LPC types, it is important to understand the structure, properties, extraction, quantification, functional role, and effect of the processing of LPC. This review examines various aspects involved in the extraction, characterization, and quantification of LPC. Further, the effects of processing methods on LPC and the potential biological roles of LPC in health and wellbeing are discussed. DHA-rich-LysoPLs, including LPC, can be enzymatically produced using lipases and phospholipases from wide microbial strains, and the highest yields were obtained by Lipozyme RM-IM®, Lipozyme TL-IM®, and Novozym 435®. Terrestrial-based phospholipids generally contain lower levels of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs, and therefore, they are considered less effective in providing the same health benefits as marine-based LPC. Processing (e.g., thermal, fermentation, and freezing) reduces the PL in fish. LPC containing omega-3 PUFA, mainly DHA (C22:6 omega-3) and eicosapentaenoic acid EPA (C20:5 omega-3) play important role in brain development and neuronal cell growth. Additionally, they have been implicated in supporting treatment programs for depression and Alzheimer’s. These activities appear to be facilitated by the acute function of a major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2 (Mfsd2a), expressed in BBB endothelium, as a chief transporter for LPC-DHA uptake to the brain. LPC-based delivery systems also provide the opportunity to improve the properties of some bioactive compounds during storage and absorption. Overall, LPCs have great potential for improving brain health, but their safety and potentially negative effects should also be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Kaizer Ahmmed
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Fishing and Post-Harvest Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Mayssa Hachem
- Department of Chemistry and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatema Ahmmed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ali Rashidinejad
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Ataturk University, Yakutiye 25030, Turkey
| | - Adnan A. Bekhit
- Allied Health Department, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Sakhir 32038, Bahrain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Alan Carne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Alaa El-Din A. Bekhit
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-479-4994
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21
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Indelicato S, Di Stefano V, Avellone G, Piazzese D, Vazzana M, Mauro M, Arizza V, Bongiorno D. HPLC/HRMS and GC/MS for Triacylglycerols Characterization of Tuna Fish Oils Obtained from Green Extraction. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061193. [PMID: 36981119 PMCID: PMC10048091 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Fish oil is one of the most common lipidic substances that is consumed as a dietary supplement. The high omega-3 fatty acid content in fish oil is responsible for its numerous health benefits. Fish species such as mackerel, herring, tuna, and salmon are particularly rich in these lipids, which contain two essential omega-3 fatty acids, known as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Objectives: Due to the scarcity of information in the literature, this study aimed to conduct a qualitative and quantitative characterization of triglycerides (TAGs) in crude tuna fish oil using HPLC/HRMS. Fatty acid (FA) determination was also performed using GC/MS. The tuna fish oils analyzed were produced using a green, low-temperature process from the remnants of fish production, avoiding the use of any extraction solvents. Results: The analyses led to the tentative identification and semi-quantitation of 81 TAGs. In silico saponification and comparison with fatty acid methyl ester results helped to confirm the identified TAGs and their quantities. The study found that the produced oil is rich in EPA, DHA, and erucic acid, while the negligible isomerization of fatty acids to trans-derivatives was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vita Di Stefano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Avellone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Piazzese
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DISTEM), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09123891900
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22
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Mathieu-Resuge M, Le Grand F, Brosset P, Lebigre C, Soudant P, Vagner M, Pecquerie L, Sardenne F. Red muscle of small pelagic fishes’ fillets are high-quality sources of essential fatty acids. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2023.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
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23
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Yue H, Bo Y, Tian Y, Mao L, Xue C, Dong P, Wang J. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphatidylcholine Exerted Superior Effects to Triglyceride in Ameliorating Obesity-Induced Osteoporosis through Up-Regulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13904-13912. [PMID: 36260738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies reported that obesity is one of the major inducements for osteoporosis by promoting excessive adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Marine-derived DHA-enriched phosphatidylcholine (DHA-PC) exhibited activities to improve ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis and kidney damage. However, the potential effect of DHA-PC and efficacy differences between DHA-PC and traditional DHA (DHA-triglyceride, DHA-TG) on BMSCs differentiation in obesity-induced osteoporosis were not clear. In the present study, obesity-induced osteoporotic mice were supplemented with DHA-TG and DHA-PC for 120 days. Results showed that supplementing with DHA-PC improved the bone mineral density and biomechanical properties, increased the new bone formation rate by 55.2%, and reduced the amount of bone marrow fat to a greater extent than DHA-TG. Further in vitro results showed that DHA-PC significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Mechanistically, DHA-PC supplement up-regulated Wnt/β-catenin pathway in BMSCs and up-regulated the expression of osteogenic transcription factors, thereby promoting osteogenic differentiation. In summary, DHA-PC exerted a superior effect to DHA-TG in improving obesity-induced osteoporosis. The results provided new evidence for the application of different molecular forms of DHA in treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, ShandongChina
| | - Yuying Bo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, ShandongChina
| | - Yingying Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, ShandongChina
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266071, ShandongChina
| | - Lei Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, ShandongChina
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, ShandongChina
| | - Ping Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, ShandongChina
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, ShandongChina
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24
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Lo Van A, Bernoud-Hubac N, Lagarde M. Esterification of Docosahexaenoic Acid Enhances Its Transport to the Brain and Its Potential Therapeutic Use in Brain Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:4550. [PMID: 36364810 PMCID: PMC9656701 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid-containing lysophosphatidylcholine (DHA-LysoPC) is presented as the main transporter of DHA from blood plasma to the brain. This is related to the major facilitator superfamily domain-containing protein 2A (Mfsd2a) symporter expression in the blood-brain barrier that recognizes the various lyso-phospholipids that have choline in their polar head. In order to stabilize the DHA moiety at the sn-2 position of LysoPC, the sn-1 position was esterified by the shortest acetyl chain, creating the structural phospholipid 1-acetyl,2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerophosphocholine (AceDoPC). This small structure modification allows the maintaining of the preferential brain uptake of DHA over non-esterified DHA. Additional properties were found for AceDoPC, such as antioxidant properties, especially due to the aspirin-like acetyl moiety, as well as the capacity to generate acetylcholine in response to the phospholipase D cleavage of the polar head. Esterification of DHA within DHA-LysoPC or AceDoPC could elicit more potent neuroprotective effects against neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lo Van
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, 69621 Villeurbanne, France
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25
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Cui XY, Jiang S, Wang CC, Yang JY, Zhao YC, Xue CH, Wang YM, Zhang TT. Comparative Analyses of EPA-Phosphatidylcholine, EPA-Lysophosphatidylcholine, and DHA-Lysophosphatidylcholine on DHA and EPA Repletion in n-3 PUFA-Deficient Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13327-13339. [PMID: 36197792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) play an important role in maintaining the physiological functions of tissues, and the beneficial effects of DHA/EPA in phospholipid forms have been widely reported. Although lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is considered to be the preferred form of DHA supplementation for the brain, the kinetics of DHA and EPA recovery and corresponding changes of n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) levels in different phospholipid molecules and different tissues after administration of EPA in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and LPC forms and DHA in the LPC form are not clear. Here, we measured the total fatty acids in tissues and fatty acid composition of different phospholipid molecules after gavage administration of equal molar amounts of EPA/DHA in mice with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency induced by maternal dietary deprivation of n-3 PUFA during pregnancy and lactation. The results showed that dietary supplementation with EPA-PC, EPA-LPC, and DHA-LPC exhibited different priorities for EPA or DHA accretion and supplementation efficiency curves in different tissues during the developing period. EPA-PC exhibited a more optimal efficacy in DHA and EPA repletion in serum and hepatic total fatty acids. In terms of DHA recovery in the brain, EPA-LPC and DHA-LPC showed great effects. Meanwhile, the DHA level in total fatty acids and major fractions of phospholipids (PC, PE, and PI + PS) in the heart and bone marrow with the supplementation of DHA-LPC displayed a relatively considerable increase compared with that of EPA supplementation groups. The study provides a reference for the time course of DHA or EPA recovery in phospholipid molecular species in different tissues after the supplementation of EPA-PC, EPA-LPC, and DHA-LPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Cai Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs & Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
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26
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Cui J, Cao J, Ge J, Qu X, Li P, Li C. Comprehensive lipid profiles of sea cage aquaculture cobia (Rachycentron canadum) based on lipidomics. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Cui J, Cao J, Zeng S, Ge J, Li P, Li C. Comprehensive evaluation of lipidomics profiles in golden threadfin bream (Nemipterus virgatus) and its by-products using UHPLC-Q-exactive Orbitrap-MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Sardenne F, Millot R, Bessis E, Puccinelli E, Bideau A, Le Grand F, Durieux ÉDH, Soudant P. Changes in lipid and fatty acid contents of gonad during the reproductive cycle of the Mediterranean swordfish Xiphias gladius. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105668. [PMID: 35753161 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Swordfish Xiphias gladius is a large pelagic fish distributed worldwide and exploited for human consumption, however there is limited knowledge about its reproductive biology, especially regarding lipid dynamic in gonads. In teleost fish, reproductive success and offspring survival are associated to lipid availability for gamete synthesis. This study investigated the lipid composition, including lipid classes and fatty acids (FA) of cell membrane and reserve lipids (i.e., polar and neutral lipids, respectively; PL and NL), along female and male gonad development of a swordfish population from waters surrounding Corsica Island in the Mediterranean Sea. Overall, swordfish gonads contained <2% wet weight of total lipids, with testes and ovaries having similar fat content. Lipid classes and FA concentrations remained unchanged during testes maturation. However, concentrations of phosphatidyl choline (PL), triacylglycerol (NL), and some FA (16:0, 18:1n-9, and 22:6n-3) followed an "inverted U-shaped" relationship with the ovarian maturation. In both PL and NL, 22:6n-3 was the main polyunsaturated FA (>20% of total FA), while 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6 were minor (3-6% of total FA) and varied little with maturation. 22:6n-3 and 18:1n-9 were selectively allocated to the ovarian maturation (increased in concentration and in proportion with maturation) until spawning. Finally, swordfish gonads might represent a good food source for humans given that 150 g of swordfish ovaries can cover the daily requirements in omega-3 for humans, but research on pollutants should also be conducted to evaluate their implications on the reproduction output of this species, and on the safety of swordfish gonads for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fany Sardenne
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Remi Millot
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UMS 3514 CNRS-UCPP Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620, Biguglia, France
| | - Elodie Bessis
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Antoine Bideau
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Éric Dominique Henri Durieux
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UMS 3514 CNRS-UCPP Plateforme marine Stella Mare, 20620, Biguglia, France; Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, UMR 6134 CNRS-UCPP Sciences pour l'Environnement, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France
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Song X, Wang J, Li S, Wang Y. Formation of sacha inchi oil microemulsion systems: effects of non-ionic surfactants, short-chain alcohols, straight-chain esters and essential oils. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3572-3580. [PMID: 34862969 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study reports the formation of sacha inchi oil (SIO) microemulsions for food and cosmetic applications. Effects of non-ionic surfactants, short-chain alcohols, essential oil and straight-chain esters on the phase behavior and formulation of U-type microemulsion were investigated. Pseudo ternary phase diagrams were constructed to assess the influence of these factors using water titration method. Structural transitions were measured along several water dilution lines using conductivity and viscosity tools. RESULTS Among four different surfactants, Tween 80 solubilized the maximum oil and induced the formation of a U-type microemulsion system. Oil solubilization was decreased in the presence of short-chain alcohols. In addition, the system containing straight-chain esters as the cosolvent showed a higher expansion effect in the U-type areas than that containing essential oils. Finally, upon water dilution of three systems with SIO/ethyl acetate of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3, microstructural transition from W/O to bicontinuous occurred at 200 g kg-1 (w/w) water content, and then to O/W structure at 650 g kg-1 (w/w) water content. CONCLUSION Straight-chain esters as cosolvent is a potential strategy to extend the dilutability of SIO microemulsions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiu Song
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuaitao Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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Liu Q, Zhao J, Liu Y, Qiao W, Jiang T, Liu Y, Yu X, Chen L. Advances in analysis, metabolism and mimicking of human milk lipids. Food Chem 2022; 393:133332. [PMID: 35661604 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human milk lipids differ from the milk lipids of other mammals in composition and positional distribution of fatty acids. Analysis and detection technology of lipids is key to understanding milk lipids, and thus the concentrations, compositions and distribution characteristics of milk lipids are discussed. Differences between human milk lipids and their substitutes in form, composition and structure affect their digestion, absorption and function in infants. Characteristics and mimicking of human milk lipids have been intensively studied with the objective of narrowing the gap between human milk and infant formulae. Based on the existing achievements, further progress may be made by improving detection techniques, deepening knowledge of metabolic pathways and perfecting fat substitutes. This review detailed the characteristics of human milk lipids and related detection technologies with a view towards providing a clear direction for research on mimicking human milk lipids in formulae to further improve infant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Tiemin Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Xiaowen Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China.
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31
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Parnova RG. Critical Role of Endothelial Lysophosphatidylcholine Transporter Mfsd2a in Maintaining Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity and Delivering Omega 3 PUFA to the Brain. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022030103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Emerging Role of Phospholipids and Lysophospholipids for Improving Brain Docosahexaenoic Acid as Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073969. [PMID: 35409331 PMCID: PMC9000073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) essential for neural development, learning, and vision. Although DHA can be provided to humans through nutrition and synthesized in vivo from its precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), deficiencies in cerebral DHA level were associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The aim of this review was to develop a complete understanding of previous and current approaches and suggest future approaches to target the brain with DHA in different lipids’ forms for potential prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since glycerophospholipids (GPs) play a crucial role in DHA transport to the brain, we explored their biosynthesis and remodeling pathways with a focus on cerebral PUFA remodeling. Following this, we discussed the brain content and biological properties of phospholipids (PLs) and Lyso-PLs with omega-3 PUFA focusing on DHA’s beneficial effects in healthy conditions and brain disorders. We emphasized the cerebral accretion of DHA when esterified at sn-2 position of PLs and Lyso-PLs. Finally, we highlighted the importance of DHA-rich Lyso-PLs’ development for pharmaceutical applications since most commercially available DHA formulations are in the form of PLs or triglycerides, which are not the preferred transporter of DHA to the brain.
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Mora I, Arola L, Caimari A, Escoté X, Puiggròs F. Structured Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Improvement of Cognitive Function during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073472. [PMID: 35408832 PMCID: PMC8998232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the human lifespan has increased in the past century owing to advances in medicine and lifestyle, the human healthspan has not kept up the same pace, especially in brain aging. Consequently, the role of preventive health interventions has become a crucial strategy, in particular, the identification of nutritional compounds that could alleviate the deleterious effects of aging. Among nutrients to cope with aging in special cognitive decline, the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have emerged as very promising ones. Due to their neuroinflammatory resolving effects, an increased status of DHA and EPA in the elderly has been linked to better cognitive function and a lower risk of dementia. However, the results from clinical studies do not show consistent evidence and intake recommendations for old adults are lacking. Recently, supplementation with structured forms of EPA and DHA, which can be derived natural forms or targeted structures, have proven enhanced bioavailability and powerful benefits. This review summarizes present and future perspectives of new structures of ω-3 LCPUFAs and the role of "omic" technologies combined with the use of high-throughput in vivo models to shed light on the relationships and underlying mechanisms between ω-3 LCPUFAs and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain; (A.C.); (F.P.)
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34
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Zhang Y, Zhu L, Wu G, Wang X, Jin Q, Qi X, Zhang H. Enzymatic preparation of lysophosphatidylserine containing DHA from sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylserine and DHA in a solvent-free system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Heath RJ, Wood TR. Why Have the Benefits of DHA Not Been Borne Out in the Treatment and Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease? A Narrative Review Focused on DHA Metabolism and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11826. [PMID: 34769257 PMCID: PMC8584218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid rich in seafood, is linked to Alzheimer's Disease via strong epidemiological and pre-clinical evidence, yet fish oil or other DHA supplementation has not consistently shown benefit to the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Furthermore, autopsy studies of Alzheimer's Disease brain show variable DHA status, demonstrating that the relationship between DHA and neurodegeneration is complex and not fully understood. Recently, it has been suggested that the forms of DHA in the diet and plasma have specific metabolic fates that may affect brain uptake; however, the effect of DHA form on brain uptake is less pronounced in studies of longer duration. One major confounder of studies relating dietary DHA and Alzheimer's Disease may be that adipose tissue acts as a long-term depot of DHA for the brain, but this is poorly understood in the context of neurodegeneration. Future work is required to develop biomarkers of brain DHA and better understand DHA-based therapies in the setting of altered brain DHA uptake to help determine whether brain DHA should remain an important target in the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J. Heath
- Emergency Medicine Department, Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK;
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
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Dynamic Role of Phospholipases A2 in Health and Diseases in the Central Nervous System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112963. [PMID: 34831185 PMCID: PMC8616333 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are major components in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. These molecules are comprised of two acyl or alkyl groups and different phospho-base groups linked to the glycerol backbone. Over the years, substantial interest has focused on metabolism of phospholipids by phospholipases and the role of their metabolic products in mediating cell functions. The high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the central nervous system (CNS) have led to studies centered on phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), enzymes responsible for cleaving the acyl groups at the sn-2 position of the phospholipids and resulting in production of PUFA and lysophospholipids. Among the many subtypes of PLA2s, studies have centered on three major types of PLA2s, namely, the calcium-dependent cytosolic cPLA2, the calcium-independent iPLA2 and the secretory sPLA2. These PLA2s are different in their molecular structures, cellular localization and, thus, production of lipid mediators with diverse functions. In the past, studies on specific role of PLA2 on cells in the CNS are limited, partly because of the complex cellular make-up of the nervous tissue. However, understanding of the molecular actions of these PLA2s have improved with recent advances in techniques for separation and isolation of specific cell types in the brain tissue as well as development of sensitive molecular tools for analyses of proteins and lipids. A major goal here is to summarize recent studies on the characteristics and dynamic roles of the three major types of PLA2s and their oxidative products towards brain health and neurological disorders.
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37
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Non-polar lipid from greenshell mussel (Perna canaliculus) inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101132. [PMID: 34632003 PMCID: PMC8493498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The osteoclast-dependent bone resorption process is a crucial part of the bone regulatory system. The excessive function of osteoclasts can cause diseases of bone, joint, and other tissues such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Greenshell mussel oil (GSM), a good source of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs), was fractionated into total lipid, polar lipid, and non-polar lipid components and their anti-osteoclastogenic activity tested in RAW 264.7 cell cultures. Osteoclast differentiation process was achieved after 5 days of incubation with RANKL in 24-well culture plates. Introducing the non-polar lipid fraction into the culture caused a lack of cell differentiation, and a reduction in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and TRAP cell numbers in a dose-dependent manner (50% reduction at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, actin ring formation was significantly diminished by non-polar lipids at 10-20 μg/mL. The bone digestive enzymes released by osteoclasts into the pit formation were also compromised by downregulating gene expression of cathepsin K, carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1). This study revealed that the non-polar lipid fraction of GSM oil contains bioactive substances which possess potent anti-osteoclastogenic activity.
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Key Words
- AA, Arachidonic acid
- ALA, Alpha linolenic acid
- CAII, Carbonic anhydrase II
- DHA, Docosahexaenoic acid
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPA, Docosapentaenoic acid
- EPA, Eicosapentaenoic acid
- FFAR, Free fatty acid receptor
- GSM, Greenshell mussel
- Greenshell mussel
- LA, Linoleic acid
- LPS, Lipopolysaccharide
- MMP-9, Matrix metalloproteinase 9
- MUFA, Monounsaturated fatty acid
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor κB
- NFATc1, Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
- OA, Osteoarthritis
- Omega 3 fatty acid
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteoclasts
- Osteoporosis
- PA, Palmitic acid
- PPAR, Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor
- PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand
- SFA, Saturated fatty acid
- TRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
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Huang B, Li X. The Role of Mfsd2a in Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:730534. [PMID: 34566571 PMCID: PMC8461068 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.730534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the maximum and most diversified membrane transporter, acting as uniporters, symporters and antiporters. MFS is considered to have a good development potential in the transport of drugs for the treatment of brain diseases. The major facilitator superfamily domain containing protein 2a (Mfsd2a) is a member of MFS. Mfsd2a-knockout mice have shown a marked decrease of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level in brain, exhibiting neuron loss, microcephaly and cognitive deficits, as DHA acts essentially in brain growth and integrity. Mfsd2a has attracted more and more attention in the study of nervous system diseases because of its critical role in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and transporting DHA, including inhibiting cell transport in central nervous system endothelial cells, alleviating BBB injury, avoiding BBB injury in cerebral hemorrhage model, acting as a carrier etc. Up to now, the clinical research of Mfsd2a in nervous system diseases is rare. This article reviewed the current research progress of Mfsd2a in nervous system diseases. It summarized the physiological functions of Mfsd2a in the occurrence and development of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), Alzheimer's disease (AD), sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) and intracranial tumor, aiming to provide ideas for the basic research and clinical application of Mfsd2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang Z, Zhao J, Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Advances in EPA-GPLs: Structural features, mechanisms of nutritional functions and sources. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Scheinman SB, Sugasini D, Zayed M, Yalagala PCR, Marottoli FM, Subbaiah PV, Tai LM. LPC-DHA/EPA-Enriched Diets Increase Brain DHA and Modulate Behavior in Mice That Express Human APOE4. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:690410. [PMID: 34276296 PMCID: PMC8282213 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.690410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with APOE3, APOE4 is associated with greater age-related cognitive decline and higher risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, development of supplements that target APOE genotype-modulated processes could provide a great benefit for the aging population. Evidence suggests a link between APOE genotype and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); however, clinical studies with current DHA supplements have produced negative results in dementia. The lack of beneficial effects with current DHA supplements may be related to limited bioavailability, as the optimal form of DHA for brain uptake is lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA. We previously developed a method to enrich the LPC-DHA content of krill oil through lipase treatment (LT-krill oil), which resulted in fivefold higher enrichment in brain DHA levels in wild-type mice compared with untreated krill oil. Here, we evaluated the effect of a control diet, diet containing krill oil, or a diet containing LT-krill oil in APOE3- and APOE4-targeted replacement mice (APOE-TR mice; treated from 4 to 12 months of age). We found that DHA levels in the plasma and hippocampus are lower in APOE4-TR mice and that LT-krill oil increased DHA levels in the plasma and hippocampus of both APOE3- and APOE4-TR mice. In APOE4-TR mice, LT-krill oil treatment resulted in higher levels of the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A and improved performance on the novel object recognition test. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that LPC-DHA/EPA-enriched krill oil can increase brain DHA and improve memory-relevant behavior in mice that express APOE4. Therefore, long-term use of LT-krill oil supplements may on some level protect against age-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Scheinman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dhavamani Sugasini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Monay Zayed
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Poorna C R Yalagala
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Felecia M Marottoli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leon M Tai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Sugasini D, Yang P, Ng D, Khetarpal SA, Vitali C, Rader DJ, Subbaiah PV. Potential role of hepatic lipase in the accretion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159002. [PMID: 34197964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an essential fatty acid that is required for the normal development and function of the brain. Because of its inability to synthesize adequate amounts of DHA from the precursors, the brain has to acquire DHA from plasma through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies demonstrated the presence of a transporter at the BBB that specifically transports DHA into the brain in the form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC-DHA). However, the mechanism by which LPC-DHA is generated in the plasma is not known. Our previous studies showed that there are at least three different enzymes - lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), endothelial lipase (EL), and hepatic lipase (HL), which can generate LPC-DHA from sn-2 DHA phosphatidylcholine. Here we determined the relative contributions of these enzymes in the delivery of DHA to the brain by measuring the brain DHA levels in the mice deficient in each of these enzymes. The results show that the brain DHA levels of LCAT-deficient mice or EL-deficient mice were not significantly lower than those of their littermates. However, brain DHA was significantly decreased in HL deficient mice (13.5% of total fatty acids) compared to their littermates (17.1%) (p < 0.002), and further decreased to 8.3% of total fatty acids in mice deficient in both HL and EL. These results suggest that HL activity may be the major source for the generation of LPC-DHA in the plasma necessary for transport into the brain, and EL might contribute to this process in the absence of HL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dominic Ng
- Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sumeet A Khetarpal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cecilia Vitali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Papasani V Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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42
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Coughlan G, Larsen R, Kim M, White D, Gillings R, Irvine M, Scholey A, Cohen N, Legido-Quigley C, Hornberger M, Minihane AM. APOE ε4 alters associations between docosahexaenoic acid and preclinical markers of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab085. [PMID: 34007965 PMCID: PMC8112902 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid is the main long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and accounts for 30−40% of fatty acids in the grey matter of the human cortex. Although the influence of docosahexaenoic acid on memory function is widely researched, its association with brain volumes is under investigated and its association with spatial navigation is virtually unknown. This is despite the fact that spatial navigation deficits are a new cognitive fingerprint for symptomatic and asymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the cross-sectional relationship between docosahexaenoic acid levels and the major structural and cognitive markers of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, namely hippocampal volume, entorhinal volume and spatial navigation ability. Fifty-three cognitively normal adults underwent volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, measurements of serum docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, including lysophosphatidylcholine DHA) and APOE ε4 genotyping. Relative regional brain volumes were calculated and linear regression models were fitted to examine DHA associations with brain volume. APOE genotype modulated serum DHA associations with entorhinal cortex volume and hippocampal volume. Linear models showed that greater serum DHA was associated with increased entorhinal cortex volume, but not hippocampal volume, in non APOΕ ε4 carriers. APOE also interacted with serum lysophosphatidylcholine DHA to predict hippocampal volume. After testing interactions between DHA and APOE on brain volume, we investigated whether DHA and APOE interact to predict spatial navigation performance on a novel virtual reality diagnostic test for Alzheimer’s disease in an independent population of APOE genotyped adults (n = 46). APOE genotype modulated DHA associations with spatial navigation performance, showing that DHA was inversely associated with path integration in APOE ε4 carriers only. This exploratory analysis suggests that interventions aiming to increase DHA blood levels to protect against cognitive decline should consider APOE ε4 carrier status. Future work should focus on replicating our initial findings and establishing whether a specific dose of supplementary DHA, at a particular time in the preclinical disease course can have a positive impact on Alzheimer’s disease progression in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coughlan
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Larsen
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, USA
| | - Min Kim
- King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
| | - David White
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | - Rachel Gillings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Irvine
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Australia
| | - Neal Cohen
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, USA
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Hellström A, Nilsson AK, Wackernagel D, Pivodic A, Vanpee M, Sjöbom U, Hellgren G, Hallberg B, Domellöf M, Klevebro S, Hellström W, Andersson M, Lund AM, Löfqvist C, Elfvin A, Sävman K, Hansen-Pupp I, Hård AL, Smith LEH, Ley D. Effect of Enteral Lipid Supplement on Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:359-367. [PMID: 33523106 PMCID: PMC7851754 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Lack of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) after extremely preterm birth may contribute to preterm morbidity, including retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). OBJECTIVE To determine whether enteral supplementation with fatty acids from birth to 40 weeks' postmenstrual age reduces ROP in extremely preterm infants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Mega Donna Mega trial, a randomized clinical trial, was a multicenter study performed at 3 university hospitals in Sweden from December 15, 2016, to December 15, 2019. The screening pediatric ophthalmologists were masked to patient groupings. A total of 209 infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation were tested for eligibility, and 206 infants were included. Efficacy analyses were performed on as-randomized groups on the intention-to-treat population and on the per-protocol population using as-treated groups. Statistical analyses were performed from February to April 2020. INTERVENTIONS Infants received either supplementation with an enteral oil providing AA (100 mg/kg/d) and DHA (50 mg/kg/d) (AA:DHA group) or no supplementation within 3 days after birth until 40 weeks' postmenstrual age. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was severe ROP (stage 3 and/or type 1). The secondary outcomes were AA and DHA serum levels and rates of other complications of preterm birth. RESULTS A total of 101 infants (58 boys [57.4%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 25.5 [1.5] weeks) were included in the AA:DHA group, and 105 infants (59 boys [56.2%]; mean [SD] gestational age, 25.5 [1.4] weeks) were included in the control group. Treatment with AA and DHA reduced severe ROP compared with the standard of care (16 of 101 [15.8%] in the AA:DHA group vs 35 of 105 [33.3%] in the control group; adjusted relative risk, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.28-0.91]; P = .02). The AA:DHA group had significantly higher fractions of AA and DHA in serum phospholipids compared with controls (overall mean difference in AA:DHA group, 0.82 mol% [95% CI, 0.46-1.18 mol%]; P < .001; overall mean difference in control group, 0.13 mol% [95% CI, 0.01-0.24 mol%]; P = .03). There were no significant differences between the AA:DHA group and the control group in the rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (48 of 101 [47.5%] vs 48 of 105 [45.7%]) and of any grade of intraventricular hemorrhage (43 of 101 [42.6%] vs 42 of 105 [40.0%]). In the AA:DHA group and control group, respectively, sepsis occurred in 42 of 101 infants (41.6%) and 53 of 105 infants (50.5%), serious adverse events occurred in 26 of 101 infants (25.7%) and 26 of 105 infants (24.8%), and 16 of 101 infants (15.8%) and 13 of 106 infants (12.3%) died. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that, compared with standard of care, enteral AA:DHA supplementation lowered the risk of severe ROP by 50% and showed overall higher serum levels of both AA and DHA. Enteral lipid supplementation with AA:DHA is a novel preventive strategy to decrease severe ROP in extremely preterm infants. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03201588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hellström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders K. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dirk Wackernagel
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital and Institute, Astrid Lindgrens Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aldina Pivodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mireille Vanpee
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Univeristy Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Sjöbom
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Health Care Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Hellgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Boubou Hallberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Institution of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet and Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Domellöf
- Institute of Cinical Science, Department of Pediatrics, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Susanna Klevebro
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - William Hellström
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-My Lund
- Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neonatology, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chatarina Löfqvist
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Institute of Health Care Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Elfvin
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neonatology, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Sävman
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Region Västra Götaland, Department of Neonatology, The Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hansen-Pupp
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna-Lena Hård
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lois E. H. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Ley
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Towards an Optimized Fetal DHA Accretion: Differences on Maternal DHA Supplementation Using Phospholipids vs. Triglycerides during Pregnancy in Different Models. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020511. [PMID: 33557158 PMCID: PMC7913957 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy has been recommended by several health organizations due to its role in neural, visual, and cognitive development. There are several fat sources available on the market for the manufacture of these dietary supplements with DHA. These fat sources differ in the lipid structure in which DHA is esterified, mainly phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) molecules. The supplementation of DHA in the form of PL or TG during pregnancy can lead to controversial results depending on the animal model, physiological status and the fat sources utilized. The intestinal digestion, placental uptake, and fetal accretion of DHA may vary depending on the lipid source of DHA ingested by the mother. The form of DHA used in maternal supplementation that would provide an optimal DHA accretion for fetal brain development, based on the available data obtained most of them from different animal models, indicates no consistent differences in fetal accretion when DHA is provided as TG or PL. Other related lipid species are under evaluation, e.g., lyso-phospholipids, with promising results to improve DHA bioavailability although more studies are needed. In this review, the evidence on DHA bioavailability and accumulation in both maternal and fetal tissues after the administration of DHA supplementation during pregnancy in the form of PL or TG in different models is summarized.
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Leikin-Frenkel A, Liraz-Zaltsman S, Hollander KS, Atrakchi D, Ravid O, Rand D, Kandel-Kfir M, Israelov H, Cohen H, Kamari Y, Shaish A, Harats D, Schnaider-Beeri M, Cooper I. Dietary alpha linolenic acid in pregnant mice and during weaning increases brain docosahexaenoic acid and improves recognition memory in the offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 91:108597. [PMID: 33545323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is critical for normal brain development and function. DHA is in danger of being significantly reduced in the human food supply, and the question of whether its metabolic precursor, the essential n-3 alpha linolenic acid (ALA) during pregnancy, can support fetal brain DHA levels for optimal neurodevelopment, is fundamental. Female mice were fed either ALA-enriched or Control diet during pregnancy and lactation. The direct effect of maternal dietary ALA on lipids was analyzed in liver, red blood cells, brain and brain vasculature, together with genes of fatty acid metabolism and transport in three-week-old offspring. The long-term effect of maternal dietary ALA on brain fatty acids and memory was studied in 19-week-old offspring. Three-week-old ALA offspring showed higher levels of n-3 fatty acids in liver, red blood cell, blood-brain barrier (BBB) vasculature and brain parenchyma, DHA enrichment in brain phospholipids and higher gene and protein expression of the DHA transporter, major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, compared to Controls. 19-week-old ALA offspring showed higher brain DHA levels and better memory performance than Controls. The increased brain DHA levels induced by maternal dietary ALA during pregnancy-lactation, together with the up-regulated levels of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a, may indicate a mode for greater DHA uptake with long-term impact on better memory in ALA offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sigal Liraz-Zaltsman
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Dana Atrakchi
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orly Ravid
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Daniel Rand
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Kandel-Kfir
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hila Israelov
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hofit Cohen
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Achva Academic College, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Bert Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Schnaider-Beeri
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Itzik Cooper
- The Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel; The Nehemia Rubin Excellence in Biomedical Research - The TELEM Program, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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46
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Wen M, Zhao Y, Shi H, Wang C, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xue C. Short-term supplementation of DHA as phospholipids rather than triglycerides improve cognitive deficits induced by maternal omega-3 PUFA deficiency during the late postnatal stage. Food Funct 2021; 12:564-572. [PMID: 33325958 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficiencies, which are caused by maternal omega-3 PUFA deficiency (O-3 Def), are likely to be more rapidly and easily reversed at younger ages with quicker DHA reversal. This study aims to compare the efficiency of short-term supplementation of DHA in the form of phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) and improve cognitive deficiency in the O-3 Def model during different periods of brain development (3-week and 7-week old). The animal's spatial task performance, brain PUFA concentration, histopathology, and expression of synapse-associated proteins in the hippocampus were then analyzed. We demonstrate here that DHA-PL shows improved efficiency in improving cognitive deficiency compared to DHA-TG, particularly for adult O-3 Def offspring. The superiority of DHA-PL also correlates with the specific elevation of synapse-associated proteins, including BDNF, DCX, GAP-43, Syn, and PSD95, except to higher brain DHA accretion. This work highlights the DHA-PL as a better DHA supplement for inferior brain development caused by maternal O-3 Def, especially regarding those who missed the optimal time window of neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Research, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, P.R. China
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He C, Cao J, Bao Y, Sun Z, Liu Z, Li C. Characterization of lipid profiling in three parts (muscle, head and viscera) of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using lipidomics with UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Food Chem 2021; 347:129057. [PMID: 33484957 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A lipidomic evaluation was performed on the tilapia muscle, head and viscera, including studying the composition, distribution and stereospecific characteristics of fatty acids and lipid species. The head and viscera lipids were significantly richer than the muscle lipids. Triacylglycerols were the predominant fraction (over 80% of total lipid in the muscle and head). Additionally, polyunsaturated fatty acids had higher percentages in phospholipids (30.35-52.05% of total fatty acids) than in triacylglycerols (18.11-25.15%). The C52:2 and C52:3 were the most abundant triacylglycerols, which indicates the potential application in infant food. Moreover, 622, 530 and 513 lipids were identified using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry in the muscle, head and viscera, respectively. The three tilapia parts were distinguished using multivariate analysis. Five fatty acids and 33 lipid species were considered as the potential biomarkers. This comprehensive analysis will help to evaluate the lipid nutritional values and facilitate exploitation in tilapia consumption and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Yuyan Bao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zexin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhongyuan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chuan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Aquatic Resources Efficient Utilization in the South China Sea, Haikou 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China.
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48
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Miller MR, Kruger MC, Wynne C, Waaka D, Li W, Frampton C, Wolber FM, Eason C. Bioavailability of Orally Administered Active Lipid Compounds from four Different Greenshell™ Mussel Formats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18110524. [PMID: 33114125 PMCID: PMC7690812 DOI: 10.3390/md18110524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Greenshell™ mussel (GSM, Perna canaliculus) is New Zealand's most important aquaculture species. They are a good source of long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA). Beyond a traditional food product, GSMs are also sold as mussel powders and oil extract formats in the nutraceutical markets. In this study, a four-sequence, single dose, randomized crossover human trial with eight evaluable healthy male participants was undertaken to determine the bioavailability of the n-3 LC PUFA in four different GSM formats (oil, powder, food ingredient and half-shell unprocessed whole mussel) by measuring area under the curve (AUC) and maximal concentration (CMax). Blood samples were collected at baseline and up to 48 h after initiation of product consumption in each administration period. There were minor differences between the bioavailability of FA (fatty acid) between the different GSM formats. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) peak concentrations and plasma exposures were significantly lower with GSM oil compared to GSM half-shell and GSM powder formats, which resulted in AUC0-48 for the intake of GSM half-shell mussel and GSM powder being significantly higher than that for GSM oil (p = 0.013, f= 4.84). This equated to a 20.6% and 24.3% increase in the amount of EPA present in the plasma after consumption of half-shell mussels and mussel powder respectively compared to GSM oil. GSM oil produced the shortest median time to maximal plasma n-3 LC PUFA concentration of all evaluated products demonstrated by a shorter maximum measured plasma concentration (TMax = 5 h). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 LC PUFA plasma exposure parameters were statistically comparable across the four GSM products evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Miller
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3548-2319
| | - Marlena C. Kruger
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Chris Wynne
- Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust (CSST), Christchurch Central, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Devonie Waaka
- Christchurch Clinical Studies Trust (CSST), Christchurch Central, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (C.W.); (D.W.)
| | - Weili Li
- Department of Clinical Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK;
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
| | - Fran M. Wolber
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Charles Eason
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand;
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Sugasini D, Yalagala PCR, Subbaiah PV. Efficient Enrichment of Retinal DHA with Dietary Lysophosphatidylcholine-DHA: Potential Application for Retinopathies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103114. [PMID: 33053841 PMCID: PMC7601701 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although decreased retinal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a known risk factor for retinopathy, currently available omega-3 fatty acid supplements, which are absorbed as triacylglycerol (TAG), do not significantly enrich retinal DHA. We tested the hypothesis that lysophospahtidylcholine (LPC)-DHA which is absorbed as phospholipid, would efficiently increase retinal DHA because of the presence of LPC-specific transporter at the blood–retina barrier. In normal rats, LPC-DHA and di-DHA phosphatidylcholine (PC), which generates LPC-DHA during digestion, increased retinal DHA by 101% and 45%, respectively, but TAG-DHA had no significant effect at the same dose (40 mg/kg, 30 days). In normal mice, both sn-1 DHA LPC and sn-2 DHA LPC increased retinal DHA by 80%, but free DHA had no effect. Lipase-treated krill oil (which contains LPC-DHA and LPC-EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), but not normal krill oil (which has little LPC), increased both retinal DHA (+76%) and EPA (100-fold). Fish oil, however, had no effect, whether lipase-treated or not. These studies show that retinal DHA can be efficiently increased by dietary LPC-DHA, but not by TAG-DHA or free DHA. Since DHA is known to be protective against retinopathy and other eye diseases, this study provides a novel nutraceutical approach for the prevention/treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhavamani Sugasini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.S.); (P.C.R.Y.)
| | - Poorna C. R. Yalagala
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.S.); (P.C.R.Y.)
| | - Papasani V. Subbaiah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.S.); (P.C.R.Y.)
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-996-8212; Fax: +1-312-413-0437
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50
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Fernandez RF, Ellis JM. Acyl-CoA synthetases as regulators of brain phospholipid acyl-chain diversity. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 161:102175. [PMID: 33031993 PMCID: PMC8693597 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Each individual cell-type is defined by its distinct morphology, phenotype, molecular and lipidomic profile. The importance of maintaining cell-specific lipidomic profiles is exemplified by the numerous diseases, disorders, and dysfunctional outcomes that occur as a direct result of altered lipidome. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating cellular lipidome diversity play a role in maintaining essential biological functions. The brain is an organ particularly rich in phospholipids, the main constituents of cellular membranes. The phospholipid acyl-chain profile of membranes in the brain is rather diverse due in part to the high degree of cellular heterogeneity. These membranes and the acyl-chain composition of their phospholipids are highly regulated, but the mechanisms that confer this tight regulation are incompletely understood. A family of enzymes called acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSs) stands at a pinnacle step allowing influence over cellular acyl-chain selection and subsequent metabolic flux. ACSs perform the initial reaction for cellular fatty acid metabolism by ligating a Coenzyme A to a fatty acid which both traps a fatty acid within a cell and activates it for metabolism. The ACS family of enzymes is large and diverse consisting of 25-26 family members that are nonredundant, each with unique distribution across and within cell types, and differential fatty acid substrate preferences. Thus, ACSs confer a critical intracellular fatty acid selecting step in a cell-type dependent manner providing acyl-CoA moieties that serve as essential precursors for phospholipid synthesis and remodeling, and therefore serve as a key regulator of cellular membrane acyl-chain compositional diversity. Here we will discuss how the contribution of individual ACSs towards brain lipid metabolism has only just begun to be elucidated and discuss the possibilities for how ACSs may differentially regulate brain lipidomic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Fernandez
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States
| | - Jessica M Ellis
- Department of Physiology and East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Brody School of Medicine, NC, United States.
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