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Qin H, Liu J, Li YY, Xu YL, Yan YF. Gender-specific microbial signatures in saliva: Unveiling the association between the oral microbiome and the pathogenesis of glioma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37284. [PMID: 39296230 PMCID: PMC11407923 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the human oral microbiome and systemic health is increasingly being recognized, particularly in the context of central nervous system pathologies such as glioblastoma. In this study, we aimed to elucidate gender-specific differences in the salivary microbiome of glioma patients by utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing data from publicly available salivary microbiome datasets. We conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, encompassing quality control, noise reduction, species classification, and microbial community composition analysis at various taxonomic levels. Machine learning algorithms were employed to identify microbial signatures associated with glioma. When compared to healthy controls, our analysis revealed distinct differences in the salivary microbiota of glioma patients. Notably, the genera Leptotrichia and Atopobium exhibited significant variations in abundance between genders. Leptotrichia was prevalent in healthy females but exhibited a reduced abundance in female glioma patients. In contrast, Atopobium was more abundant in male glioma patients. These findings suggest that hormonal influences might play a role in shaping the salivary microbiome and its association with glioma. We utilized a combination of LASSO-logistic regression and random forest models for feature selection, and identified key microbial features that differentiated glioma patients from healthy controls. We developed a diagnostic model with high predictive accuracy and area under the curve and principal component analysis metrics confirmed its robustness. The analysis of microbial markers, including Atopobium and Leptotrichia, highlighted the potential of the salivary microbiota as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Our findings highlight significant gender-specific disparities in the salivary microbiome of patients with glioma, offering new insights into the pathogenesis of glioma and paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The use of saliva as a diagnostic fluid, given its ease of collection and non-invasive nature, holds immense promise for monitoring systemic health and the trajectory of disease. Future research should focus on investigating the underlying mechanisms by which the salivary microbiome influences the development of glioma and identifying potential microbiome-targeted therapies to enhance the management of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Records, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Air Force Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Lan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing, China
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Khelaifia S, Virginie P, Belkacemi S, Tassery H, Terrer E, Aboudharam G. Culturing the Human Oral Microbiota, Updating Methodologies and Cultivation Techniques. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040836. [PMID: 37110259 PMCID: PMC10143722 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have been marked by a paradigm shift in the study of the human microbiota, with a re-emergence of culture-dependent approaches. Numerous studies have been devoted to the human microbiota, while studies on the oral microbiota still remain limited. Indeed, various techniques described in the literature may enable an exhaustive study of the microbial composition of a complex ecosystem. In this article, we report different methodologies and culture media described in the literature that can be applied to study the oral microbiota by culture. We report on specific methodologies for targeted culture and specific culture techniques and selection methodologies for cultivating members of the three kingdoms of life commonly found in the human oral cavity, namely, eukaryota, bacteria and archaea. This bibliographic review aims to bring together the various techniques described in the literature, enabling a comprehensive study of the oral microbiota in order to demonstrate its involvement in oral health and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Khelaifia
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Pilliol Virginie
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Souad Belkacemi
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Herve Tassery
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Elodie Terrer
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | - Gérard Aboudharam
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Univ, IRD, MEPHI, AP-HM, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France
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Shen X, Zhang YL, Zhu JF, Xu BH. Oral dysbiosis in the onset and carcinogenesis of oral epithelial dysplasia: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 147:105630. [PMID: 36709626 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to investigate possible connections between the oral microbiome and the onset and carcinogenesis of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). METHODS A systematic search was performed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database, and SCOPUS by two authors independently, addressing the focused question- "Has oral microbiome dysbiosis been involved in the onset and carcinogenesis of oral epithelial dysplasia?" We used the Newcastle-Ottawa scale to assess the quality of studies included in the review. RESULTS Out of 580 references screened, ten studies were found eligible for inclusion. All studies were case-control studies, and only qualitative analysis was conducted due to heterogeneous characteristics. The overall risk of bias in the eligible studies was considered as high. Microbiome diversity indices showed inconsistent evidence among studies. A significant increase of phylum Bacteroidetes in OED patients was reported in five studies. Five studies reported an increase of genus Fusobacterium in both the OED and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and six different studies respectively reported a reduction of genus Streptococcus in both the OED and OSCC groups when compared to normal controls. Other predominant bacteria that were specific to different patient groups varied in each study. CONCLUSIONS The results of the included studies showed that the composition of the oral microbiome in patients with OED compared to healthy controls and OSCC patients was inconsistent. However, all ten studies showed non-negligible heterogeneity in the type and size of the sample, and the comparability between groups, which strongly limited the external validity of results. Further studies are strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Shen
- Center of Dental Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Ying-Hua-Yuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue-Lun Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhu
- Center of Dental Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Ying-Hua-Yuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bao-Hua Xu
- Center of Dental Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Ying-Hua-Yuan East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
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Abstract
Culture-independent nucleic acid technologies have been extensively applied to the analysis of oral bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased conditions. These methods have confirmed and substantially expanded the findings from culture studies to reveal the oral microbial inhabitants and candidate pathogens associated with the major oral diseases. Over 1000 bacterial distinct species-level taxa have been identified in the oral cavity and studies using next-generation DNA sequencing approaches indicate that the breadth of bacterial diversity is even much larger. Nucleic acid technologies have also been helpful in profiling bacterial communities and identifying disease-related patterns. This chapter provides an overview of the diversity and taxonomy of oral bacteria associated with health and disease.
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Antimicrobials from Medicinal Plants: An Emergent Strategy to Control Oral Biofilms. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral microbial biofilms, directly related to oral diseases, particularly caries and periodontitis, exhibit virulence factors that include acidification of the oral microenvironment and the formation of biofilm enriched with exopolysaccharides, characteristics and common mechanisms that, ultimately, justify the increase in antibiotics resistance. In this line, the search for natural products, mainly obtained through plants, and derived compounds with bioactive potential, endorse unique biological properties in the prevention of colonization, adhesion, and growth of oral bacteria. The present review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive view of the in vitro antibiofilm activity of various medicinal plants, revealing numerous species with antimicrobial properties, among which, twenty-four with biofilm inhibition/reduction percentages greater than 95%. In particular, the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf and Lippia alba (Mill.) seem to be the most promising in fighting microbial biofilm in Streptococcus mutans, given their high capacity to reduce biofilm at low concentrations.
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Marre ATDO, Domingues RMCP, Lobo LA. Adhesion of anaerobic periodontal pathogens to extracellular matrix proteins. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1483-1491. [PMID: 32557245 PMCID: PMC7688880 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are highly abundant in the human body and can be found in various tissues, most prominently in connective tissue and basement membrane. For invasive bacterial pathogens, these structures function as physical barriers that block access to underlying tissues. The ability to bind and degrade these barriers is important for the establishment of infections and migration to other body sites. In the oral cavity, the ECM and the basement membrane (BM) are important components of the Junctional epithelium (JE) that closes the gap between the teeth surface and the mucosa. In periodontitis, the JE is breached by invading pathogenic bacteria, particularly strict anaerobic species. In periodontitis, invading microorganisms induce an unregulated and destructive host response through polymicrobial synergism and dysbiosis that attracts immune cells and contributes to the destruction of connective tissue and bone in the periodontal pocket. Colonization of the periodontal pocket is the first step to establish this infection, and binding to ECM is a major advantage in this site. Several species of strict anaerobic bacteria are implicated in acute and chronic periodontitis, and although binding to ECM proteins was studied in these species, few adhesins were identified so far, and the mechanisms involved in adhesion are largely unidentified. This review summarizes the data available on the interaction of strict anaerobic bacteria and components of the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Temperine de Oliveira Marre
- Medical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco I - sala I2-06, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Regina M C P Domingues
- Medical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco I - sala I2-06, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Lobo
- Medical Microbiology Department, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, CCS - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, 373 Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bloco I - sala I2-06, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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7
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Weyrich LS. The evolutionary history of the human oral microbiota and its implications for modern health. Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:90-100. [PMID: 33226710 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous biological and cultural factors influence the microbial communities (microbiota) that inhabit the human mouth, including diet, environment, hygiene, physiology, health status, genetics, and lifestyle. As oral microbiota can underpin oral and systemic diseases, tracing the evolutionary history of oral microbiota and the factors that shape its origins will unlock information to mitigate disease today. Despite this, the origins of many oral microbes remain unknown, and the key factors in the past that shaped our oral microbiota are only now emerging. High throughput DNA sequencing of oral microbiota using ancient DNA and comparative anthropological methodologies has been employed to investigate oral microbiota origins, revealing a complex, rich history. Here, I review the current literature on the factors that shaped and guided oral microbiota evolution, both in Europe and globally. In Europe, oral microbiota evolution was shaped by interactions with Neandertals, the adaptation of farming, widespread integration of industrialization, and postindustrial lifestyles that emerged after World War II. Globally, evidence for a multitude of different oral microbiota histories is emerging, likely supporting dissimilarities in modern oral health across discrete human populations. I highlight how these evolutionary changes are linked to the development of modern oral diseases and discuss the remaining factors that need to be addressed to improve this embryonic field of research. I argue that understanding the evolutionary history of our oral microbiota is necessary to identify new treatment and prevention options to improve oral and systemic health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Anthropology and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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8
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Santos LS, Andrade TDA, Barbosa Gomes de Carvalho YM, Santos Oliveira AM, Barros Silva Soares de Souza EP, dos Santos CP, Frank LA, Guterres SS, Lima ÁS, Chaud MV, Alves TR, Shanmugam S, Quintans Júnior LJ, Araújo AADS, Serafini MR. Gelatin-based mucoadhesive membranes containing inclusion complex of thymol/β-cyclodextrin for treatment of oral infections. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1706509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Silva Santos
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luiza Abrahão Frank
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Stanisçuaski Guterres
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Silva Lima
- Institute of Technology and Research, Tiradentes University, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marco V. Chaud
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Thais Ribeiro Alves
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, University of Sorocaba, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Saravanan Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mairim Russo Serafini
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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9
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Pessoa L, Aleti G, Choudhury S, Nguyen D, Yaskell T, Zhang Y, Li W, Nelson KE, Neto LLS, Sant'Ana ACP, Freire M. Host-Microbial Interactions in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Periodontitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2602. [PMID: 31781106 PMCID: PMC6861327 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a potentially fatal complex autoimmune disease, that is characterized by widespread inflammation manifesting tissue damage and comorbidities across the human body including heart, blood vessels, joints, skin, liver, kidneys, and periodontal tissues. The etiology of SLE is partially attributed to a deregulated inflammatory response to microbial dysbiosis and environmental changes. In the mouth, periodontal environment provides an optimal niche for local and systemic inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate the reciprocal impact of periodontal subgingival microbiome on SLE systemic inflammation. Methods: Ninety-one female subjects were recruited, including healthy (n = 31), SLE-inactive (n = 29), and SLE-active (n = 31). Patients were screened for probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and classified according to CDC/AAP criteria with or without periodontal dysbiosis. Serum inflammatory cytokines were measured by human cytokine panel and a targeted pathogenic subgingival biofilm panel was examined by DNA-DNA checkerboard from subgingival plaque samples. Results: The results showed significant upregulation of serum proinflammatory cytokines in individuals with SLE when compared to controls. Stratification of subject's into SLE-inactive (I) and SLE-active (A) phenotypes or periodontitis and non-periodontitis groups provided new insights into SLE pathophysiology. Ten proinflammatory cytokines were upregulated in serum of SLE-I only and one in SLE-A only. Four molecules overlapped in SLE-A and SLE-I. Anti-inflammatory cytokines included IL-4 IL-10, which were upregulated in SLE-I sera (but not SLE-A), controlling clinical phenotypes. Out of 24 significant differential oral microbial abundances found in SLE, 14 unique subgingival bacteria profiles were found to be elevated in SLE. The most severe oral pathogens (Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia) showed increase abundances on SLE-A periodontal sites when compared to SLE-I and healthy controls. Inflammation as measured by cytokine-microbial correlations showed that periodontal pathogens dominating the environment increased proinflammatory cytokines systemically. Conclusions: Altogether, low-grade systemic inflammation that influenced SLE disease activity and severity was correlated to dysbiotic changes of the oral microbiota present in periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pessoa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Gajender Aleti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Saibyasachi Choudhury
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tina Yaskell
- Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Weizhong Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karen E Nelson
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Adriana C P Sant'Ana
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Freire
- Department of Genomic Medicine, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
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10
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O'Connor PJ, Alonso-Amelot ME, Roberts SA, Povey AC. The role of bracken fern illudanes in bracken fern-induced toxicities. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 782:108276. [PMID: 31843140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bracken fern is carcinogenic when fed to domestic and laboratory animals inducing bladder and ileal tumours and is currently classified as a possible human carcinogen by IARC. The carcinogenic illudane, ptaquiloside (PTQ) was isolated from bracken fern and is widely assumed to be the major bracken carcinogen. However, several other structurally similar illudanes are found in bracken fern, in some cases at higher levels than PTQ and so may contribute to the overall toxicity and carcinogenicity of bracken fern. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of illudanes in bracken fern induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, the mechanistic basis of these effects including the role of DNA damage, and the potential for human exposure in order to highlight deficiencies in the current literature. Critical gaps remain in our understanding of bracken fern induced carcinogenesis, a better understanding of these processes is essential to establish whether bracken fern is also a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J O'Connor
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - M E Alonso-Amelot
- Chemical Ecology Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - S A Roberts
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A C Povey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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11
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The role of natural salivary defences in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota. J Dent 2019; 80 Suppl 1:S3-S12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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12
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Mahasneh SA, Mahasneh AM. Probiotics: A Promising Role in Dental Health. Dent J (Basel) 2017; 5:E26. [PMID: 29563432 PMCID: PMC5806962 DOI: 10.3390/dj5040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have a role in maintaining oral health through interaction with oral microbiome, thus contributing to healthy microbial equilibrium. The nature and composition of any individual microbiome impacts the general health, being a major contributor to oral health. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of available antimicrobials have restricted their use in an array of prophylactic options. Indeed, some new strategies to prevent oral diseases are based on manipulating oral microbiota, which is provided by probiotics. Currently, no sufficient substantial evidence exists to support the use of probiotics to prevent, treat or manage oral cavity diseases. At present, probiotic use did not cause adverse effects or increased risks of caries or periodontal diseases. This implicates no strong evidence against treatment using probiotics. In this review, we try to explore the use of probiotics in prevention, treatment and management of some oral cavity diseases and the possibilities of developing designer probiotics for the next generation of oral and throat complimentary healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari A Mahasneh
- School of Dental Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Adel M Mahasneh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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13
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Corrêa JD, Calderaro DC, Ferreira GA, Mendonça SMS, Fernandes GR, Xiao E, Teixeira AL, Leys EJ, Graves DT, Silva TA. Subgingival microbiota dysbiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with periodontal status. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:34. [PMID: 28320468 PMCID: PMC5359961 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis results from the interaction between a subgingival biofilm and host immune response. Changes in biofilm composition are thought to disrupt homeostasis between the host and subgingival bacteria resulting in periodontal damage. Chronic systemic inflammatory disorders have been shown to affect the subgingival microbiota and clinical periodontal status. However, this relationship has not been examined in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The objective of our study was to investigate the influence of SLE on the subgingival microbiota and its connection with periodontal disease and SLE activity. METHODS We evaluated 52 patients with SLE compared to 52 subjects without SLE (control group). Subjects were classified as without periodontitis and with periodontitis. Oral microbiota composition was assessed by amplifying the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from subgingival dental plaque DNA extracts. These amplicons were examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing. RESULTS SLE patients exhibited higher prevalence of periodontitis which occurred at a younger age compared to subjects of the control group. More severe forms of periodontitis were found in SLE subjects that had higher bacterial loads and decreased microbial diversity. Bacterial species frequently detected in periodontal disease were observed in higher proportions in SLE patients, even in periodontal healthy sites such as Fretibacterium, Prevotella nigrescens, and Selenomonas. Changes in the oral microbiota were linked to increased local inflammation, as demonstrated by higher concentrations of IL-6, IL-17, and IL-33 in SLE patients with periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS SLE is associated with differences in the composition of the microbiota, independently of periodontal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôice Dias Corrêa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gabriel R. Fernandes
- René Rachou Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - E. Xiao
- Penn Dental School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Eugene J. Leys
- College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Dana T. Graves
- Penn Dental School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia e Cirurgia Odontológica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, CEP 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
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14
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On the ecosystemic network of saliva in healthy young adults. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:1218-1231. [PMID: 28072421 PMCID: PMC5475835 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A dysbiotic state is believed to be a key factor in the onset of oral disease. Although oral diseases have been studied for decades, our understanding of oral health, the boundaries of a healthy oral ecosystem and ecological shift toward dysbiosis is still limited. Here, we present the ecobiological heterogeneity of the salivary ecosystem and relations between the salivary microbiome, salivary metabolome and host-related biochemical salivary parameters in 268 healthy adults after overnight fasting. Gender-specific differences in the microbiome and metabolome were observed and were associated with salivary pH and dietary protein intake. Our analysis grouped the individuals into five microbiome and four metabolome-based clusters that significantly related to biochemical parameters of saliva. Low salivary pH and high lysozyme activity were associated with high proportions of streptococcal phylotypes and increased membrane-lipid degradation products. Samples with high salivary pH displayed increased chitinase activity, higher abundance of Veillonella and Prevotella species and higher levels of amino acid fermentation products, suggesting proteolytic adaptation. An over-specialization toward either a proteolytic or a saccharolytic ecotype may indicate a shift toward a dysbiotic state. Their prognostic value and the degree to which these ecotypes are related to increased disease risk remains to be determined.
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Abstract
Culture-independent nucleic acid technologies have been extensively applied to the analysis of oral bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased conditions. These methods have confirmed and substantially expanded the findings from culture studies to reveal the oral microbial inhabitants and candidate pathogens associated with the major oral diseases. Over 1000 bacterial distinct species-level taxa have been identified in the oral cavity and studies using next-generation DNA sequencing approaches indicate that the breadth of bacterial diversity may be even much larger. Nucleic acid technologies have also been helpful in profiling bacterial communities and identifying disease-related patterns. This chapter provides an overview of the diversity and taxonomy of oral bacteria associated with health and disease.
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Offenbacher S, Divaris K, Barros SP, Moss KL, Marchesan JT, Morelli T, Zhang S, Kim S, Sun L, Beck JD, Laudes M, Munz M, Schaefer AS, North KE. Genome-wide association study of biologically informed periodontal complex traits offers novel insights into the genetic basis of periodontal disease. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2113-2129. [PMID: 26962152 PMCID: PMC5062586 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of chronic periodontitis (CP) defined by clinical criteria alone have had modest success to-date. Here, we refine the CP phenotype by supplementing clinical data with biological intermediates of microbial burden (levels of eight periodontal pathogens) and local inflammatory response (gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β) and derive periodontal complex traits (PCTs) via principal component analysis. PCTs were carried forward to GWAS (∼2.5 million markers) to identify PCT-associated loci among 975 European American adult participants of the Dental ARIC study. We sought to validate these findings for CP in the larger ARIC cohort (n = 821 participants with severe CP, 2031-moderate CP, 1914-healthy/mild disease) and an independent German sample including 717 aggressive periodontitis cases and 4210 controls. We identified six PCTs with distinct microbial community/IL-1β structures, although with overlapping clinical presentations. PCT1 was characterized by a uniformly high pathogen load, whereas PCT3 and PCT5 were dominated by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. We detected genome-wide significant signals for PCT1 (CLEC19A, TRA, GGTA2P, TM9SF2, IFI16, RBMS3), PCT4 (HPVC1) and PCT5 (SLC15A4, PKP2, SNRPN). Overall, the highlighted loci included genes associated with immune response and epithelial barrier function. With the exception of associations of BEGAIN with severe and UBE3D with moderate CP, no other loci were associated with CP in ARIC or aggressive periodontitis in the German sample. Although not associated with current clinically determined periodontal disease taxonomies, upon replication and mechanistic validation these candidate loci may highlight dysbiotic microbial community structures and altered inflammatory/immune responses underlying biological sub-types of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Silvana P Barros
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kevin L Moss
- Department of Dental Ecology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie T Marchesan
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thiago Morelli
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Steven Kim
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James D Beck
- Department of Dental Ecology, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthias Laudes
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Munz
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany Institute of Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne S Schaefer
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dental, Oral and Maxillary Medicine, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Oral biosciences: The annual review 2015. J Oral Biosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Sands KM, Twigg JA, Lewis MAO, Wise MP, Marchesi JR, Smith A, Wilson MJ, Williams DW. Microbial profiling of dental plaque from mechanically ventilated patients. J Med Microbiol 2015; 65:147-159. [PMID: 26690690 PMCID: PMC5115166 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-organisms isolated from the oral cavity may translocate to the lower airways during mechanical ventilation (MV) leading to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Changes within the dental plaque microbiome during MV have been documented previously, primarily using culture-based techniques. The aim of this study was to use community profiling by high throughput sequencing to comprehensively analyse suggested microbial changes within dental plaque during MV. Bacterial 16S rDNA gene sequences were obtained from 38 samples of dental plaque sampled from 13 mechanically ventilated patients and sequenced using the Illumina platform. Sequences were processed using Mothur, applying a 97 % gene similarity cut-off for bacterial species level identifications. A significant ‘microbial shift’ occurred in the microbial community of dental plaque during MV for nine out of 13 patients. Following extubation, or removal of the endotracheal tube that facilitates ventilation, sampling revealed a decrease in the relative abundance of potential respiratory pathogens and a compositional change towards a more predominantly (in terms of abundance) oral microbiota including Prevotella spp., and streptococci. The results highlight the need to better understand microbial shifts in the oral microbiome in the development of strategies to reduce VAP, and may have implications for the development of other forms of pneumonia such as community-acquired infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M Sands
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Joshua A Twigg
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Michael A O Lewis
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Matt P Wise
- Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- School of Biosciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.,Centre for Digestive and Gut Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Biosciences, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Melanie J Wilson
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
| | - David W Williams
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
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In vitro culture of previously uncultured oral bacterial phylotypes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:8307-14. [PMID: 26407883 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02156-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Around a third of oral bacteria cannot be grown using conventional bacteriological culture media. Community profiling targeting 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomics methods have proved valuable in revealing the complexity of the oral bacterial community. Studies investigating the role of oral bacteria in health and disease require phenotypic characterizations that are possible only with live cultures. The aim of this study was to develop novel culture media and use an in vitro biofilm model to culture previously uncultured oral bacteria. Subgingival plaque samples collected from subjects with periodontitis were cultured on complex mucin-containing agar plates supplemented with proteose peptone (PPA), beef extract (BEA), or Gelysate (GA) as well as on fastidious anaerobe agar plus 5% horse blood (FAA). In vitro biofilms inoculated with the subgingival plaque samples and proteose peptone broth (PPB) as the growth medium were established using the Calgary biofilm device. Specific PCR primers were designed and validated for the previously uncultivated oral taxa Bacteroidetes bacteria HOT 365 and HOT 281, Lachnospiraceae bacteria HOT 100 and HOT 500, and Clostridiales bacterium HOT 093. All agar media were able to support the growth of 10 reference strains of oral bacteria. One previously uncultivated phylotype, Actinomyces sp. HOT 525, was cultivated on FAA. Of 93 previously uncultivated phylotypes found in the inocula, 26 were detected in in vitro-cultivated biofilms. Lachnospiraceae bacterium HOT 500 was successfully cultured from biofilm material harvested from PPA plates in coculture with Parvimonas micra or Veillonella dispar/parvula after colony hybridization-directed enrichment. The establishment of in vitro biofilms from oral inocula enables the cultivation of previously uncultured oral bacteria and provides source material for isolation in coculture.
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Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Plectranthus neochilus against Cariogenic Bacteria. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:102317. [PMID: 26161115 PMCID: PMC4487696 DOI: 10.1155/2015/102317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This work used the broth microdilution method to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Plectranthus neochilus (PN-EO) against a representative panel of oral pathogens. We assessed the antimicrobial activity of this oil in terms of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). PN-EO displayed moderate activity against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC = 250 μg/mL) and Streptococcus salivarus (MIC = 250 μg/mL), significant activity against Streptococcus sobrinus (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL), Streptococcus sanguinis (MIC = 62.5 μg/mL), Streptococcus mitis (MIC = 31.25 μg/mL), and Lactobacillus casei (MIC = 31.25 μg/mL), and interesting activity against Streptococcus mutans (MIC = 3.9 μg/mL). GC-FID and GC-MS helped to identify thirty-one compounds in PN-EO; α-pinene (1, 14.1%), β-pinene (2, 7.1%), trans-caryophyllene (3, 29.8%), and caryophyllene oxide (4, 12.8%) were the major chemical constituents of this essential oil. When tested alone, compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 were inactive (MIC > 4000 μg/mL) against all the microorganisms. These results suggested that the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Plectranthus neochilus displays promising activity against most of the evaluated cariogenic bacteria, especially S. mutans.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaerobic culture has been critical in our understanding of the oral microbiotas. HIGHLIGHT Studies in advanced periodontitis in the 1970's revealed microbial complexes that associated with different clinical presentations. Taxonomy studies identified species newly-observed in periodontitis as Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter (Wolinella) rectus and other Campylobacter species, and Tannerella (Bacteroides) forsythia. Anaerobic culture of initial periodontitis showed overlap in the microbiota with gingivitis, and added Selenomonas noxia and Filifactor alocis as putative periodontal pathogens. Porphyromonas gingivalis and T. forsythia were found to be associated with initial periodontitis in adults. The dominant microbiota of dental caries differs from that of periodontitis. The major cariogenic species are acidogenic and acid tolerant species particularly Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species. Anaerobic culture of severe early childhood caries revealed a widely diverse microbiota, comparable to that observed using cloning and sequencing. The PCR-based cloning approach, however, underestimated Actinobacteria compared with culture. Only a subset of the caries-associated microbiota was acid tolerant, with different segments of the microbiota cultured on blood agar compared to a low pH acid agar. While the major caries-associated species was S. mutans, a new species, Scardovia wiggsiae, was significantly associated with early childhood caries. Higher counts of S. wiggsiae were also observed in initial white spot carious lesions in adolescents. CONCLUSION In periodontitis and dental caries, anaerobic culture studies of advanced disease provided a comprehensive analysis of the microbiota of these infections. Anaerobic culture highlighted the limitation of PCR with standard primers that underestimate detection of Actinobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C R Tanner
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA ; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School Dental Medicine, Boston MA 02115, USA
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Jiménez N, Santamaría L, Esteban-Torres M, de las Rivas B, Muñoz R. Contribution of a tannase from Atopobium parvulum DSM 20469T in the oral processing of food tannins. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Oral biosciences: The annual review 2013. J Oral Biosci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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