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Soliman RM, Rostom Y, Fayez YM, Mostafa NM, Monir HH. Novel Green Chromatographic Approaches for Estimation of a Triple Common Cold Pharmaceutical Combination. J Chromatogr Sci 2024:bmae050. [PMID: 39324644 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmae050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a strong interest in the scientific community in developing innovative methodologies within a green analytical chemistry framework. Herein, we introduce the first chromatographic approaches for the concurrent estimation of paracetamol (PAR), carbinoxamine (CRX), and pseudoephedrine (PSE) intended to relieve COVID-19 and common cold symptoms. The first method was thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry, which depends on the separation of the studied medications on TLC silica gel plates using ethyl acetate: methanol: ammonia (7.0: 3.0: 0.2, by volume) as the developing system, and were scanned at 208.0 nm. The data were linear in the ranges of 1-25 μg/band for PAR, 1-25 μg/band for PSE and 0.1-5 μg/band for CRX. The second method was reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation on a Kromasil C18 column using a mixture of 0.01 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1% triethylamine (pH 3.5) adjusted with orthophosphoric acid and ethanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min in a gradient program. The separated peaks were detected at 215.0 nm over a concentration range of 10-250 μg/mL for PAR, 5-35 μg/mL for PSE, and 0.5-25 μg/mL for CRX. Both approaches were validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Finally, the impact of these methods on the environment was evaluated by many tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab M Soliman
- Ministry of Health and Population, Directorate of Health Affairs, Ismailia Health Administration, Ismailia 41511, Egypt
| | - Yasmin Rostom
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Hany H Monir
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Rouhani G, Ertekin ZC, Dinç E. A Chemometric Strategy in the Development of a RP-UPLC Method for the Quantitative Resolution of a Two-Component Syrup Formulation. J Chromatogr Sci 2022; 60:937-945. [PMID: 35152300 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemometric strategy was implemented in the development of a new ultraperformance liquid chromatography method for the quantitative estimation of guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in a two-component syrup formulation with minimal experimental effort, time and reagent. A full factorial design with three factors was investigated to find optimal working conditions of chromatographic factors (column temperature, flow rate, and 0.1 M H3PO4% in mobile phase) that affect the chromatographic separation. Then, optimum experimental conditions providing adequate separation of the analyzed drug substances within the short runtime were determined. Under optimal experimental conditions, the retention times for guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride were obtained as 0.817 and 1.430 min, respectively. In the optimized RP-UPLC method, chromatographic response was reported as a linear function of concentration between 5.0 and 80.0 μg/mL for guaifenesin and 10.0-90.0 μg/mL for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. The proposed method was carefully validated and successfully applied to quality control and analysis of a cough syrup preparation containing guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Consequently, the proposed reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography method provided an opportunity to quantify relevant drugs with small amount of reagents and short runtime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Rouhani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Cd, 06560, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zehra Ceren Ertekin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Cd, 06560, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdal Dinç
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Degol Cd, 06560, Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
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Duan X, Liu X, Dong Y, Zhang J, He S, Uhagaze DS, Yang F, Dong Y. A micellar HPLC method for simultaneous determination of six active ingredients in cold compound preparations. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1625375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Duan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yue Dong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Shujuan He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - D. Serge Uhagaze
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Fatang Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yuming Dong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Joint Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Lanzhou Universty-Techcomp (China) Ltd, Lanzhou, PR China
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4
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Javed S, Ahsan W. Microemulsion based chromatographic techniques: Past lessons and future directions. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1584746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shamama Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waquar Ahsan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Li P, Xiao J, Liu J, Liu R, Bi K, Li Q. Development and full validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of carbinoxamine in beagle plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1093-1094:183-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abdelwahab NS, Abdelaleem EA. Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of guaifenesin and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in the presence of syrup excepients. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Ibrahim F, Wahba MEK. Simultaneous Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ebastine with Two Sympathomimetic Drugs Using a Monolithic Column. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:258-266. [PMID: 27884871 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ebastine (EBS) has been assayed in its laboratory-prepared co-formulated tablets with either pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSU) or phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHR) using isocratic reversed-phase chromatography. Separation was conducted using a 50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., Chromolith® SpeedROD RP-18 end-capped column at ambient temperature. A mobile phase composed of water:acetonitrile in a ratio of 25:75 having a pH of 3.2, has been utilized at 1 mL/min with UV detection at 254 nm for both EBS and PSU and 274 nm for PHR which in turn increased the sensitivity of the proposed method significantly. Symmetric well-separated peaks resulted in a short chromatographic run; <5 min. The proposed method was subjected to detailed validation procedures and proved to be highly sensitive as shown from limit of quantification values which were 4.7, 39.4 and 10.2 μg/mL for EBS, PSU and PHR, respectively. The proposed method was used to analyze EBS in its laboratory-prepared co-formulated tablets; the obtained results were comparable to those resulting from the reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ibrahim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - M E K Wahba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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IBRAHIM F, EL-ENANY N, EL-SHAHENY RN, MIKHAIL IE. Development and Validation of a New HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Ascorbic Acid, and Pseudoephedrine HCl in their Co-formulated Tablets. Application to in vitro Dissolution Testing. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:943-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia IBRAHIM
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura
| | - Nahed EL-ENANY
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura
| | - Rania N. EL-SHAHENY
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura
| | - Ibraam E. MIKHAIL
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura
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Liu YC, Chang SW, Chen CY, Chien IC, Lin CH. Separation and Determination of Cold Medicine Ingredients by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin as an Electrolyte Modifier and Chiral Selector. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Wahba MEK. Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Ibuprofen in their Combined Tablets Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.883531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. K. Wahba
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
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Mujahid A, Ali Y, Afzal A, Hussain T, Tufail Shah A, Shehzad K, Umar Farooq M. Rapid assay of the comparative degradation of acetaminophen in binary and ternary combinations. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Youssef R, Khamis E, El-Sayed M, Abdel Moneim M. Development and Validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Method for the Assay of Ternary Mixtures Containing Cetirizine Dihydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Vignaduzzo SE, Kaufman TS. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF BROMHEXINE, CHLORPHENIRAMINE, PARACETAMOL, AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE IN THEIR COMBINED COLD MEDICINE FORMULATIONS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.717055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana E. Vignaduzzo
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, National University of Rosario and Institute of Chemistry of Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, National University of Rosario and Institute of Chemistry of Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
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14
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Spectrophotometric Determination of Bromhexine HCl in Pure and Pharmaceutical Forms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/861851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five spectrophotometric methods for determination of bromhexine HCl have been developed, validated, and applied for the assay of the drug in pharmaceuticals. Methods A, B, and C are based on ion-pair complexation of drug, in acidic buffers, with triphenylmethane dyes, namely, bromothymol blue (BTB), bromophenol blue (BPB), and bromocresol green (BCG). The complexes are extracted into chloroform, and absorbance is measured at around 415 nm as function of concentration of the drug. The stoichiometry of the complex is found to be 1 : 1 in each case. Method D depends upon charge-transfer complexation of neutralized drug with iodine which produces iodide ion whose absorbance at 366 nm is measured as function of concentration of the drug. This complex too has 1 : 1 composition as determined by Job’s method. Method E is developed on the basis of oxidation of the drug with alkaline KMnO4 which generates green-colored manganate ion with 610 nm. As the intensity of green color increased with increasing time kinetics of the reaction is followed, and calibration curves are constructed by using initial rate and fixed time methods. Excellent recovery studies with high accuracy and precision indicate that the methods can be successfully used in industries for the assay of drug in pure form and pharmaceuticals.
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Abdel-Ghani NT, Rizk MS, Mostafa M. Extractive determination of ephedrine hydrochloride and bromhexine hydrochloride in pure solutions, pharmaceutical dosage form and urine samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 111:131-141. [PMID: 23624039 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, sensitive, precise and accurate spectrophotometeric methods for the determination of ephedrine hydrochloride (E-HCl) and bromhexine hydrochloride (Br-HCl) in bulk samples, dosage form and in spiked urine samples were investigated. The methods are based on the formation of a yellow colored ion-associates due to the interaction between the examined drugs with picric acid (PA), chlorophyllin coppered trisodium salt (CLPH), alizarin red (AR) and ammonium reineckate (Rk) reagents. A buffer solution had been used and the extraction was carried out using organic solvent, the ion associates exhibit absorption maxima at 410, 410, 430 and 530 nm of (Br-HCl)with PA, CLPH, AR and Rk respectively; 410, 410, 435 and 530 of (E-HCl) with PA, CLPH, AR and Rk respectively. (E-HCl) and (Br-HCl) could be determined up to 13, 121, 120 and 160; 25, 200, 92 and 206 μg mL(-1), using PA, CLPH, AR and Rk respectively. The optimum reaction conditions for quantitative analysis were investigated. In addition, the molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity were determined for the investigated drug. The correlation coefficient was ≥0.995 (n=6) with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤1.15 for five selected concentrations of the reagents. Therefore the concentration of Br-HCl and E-HCl drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations and spiked urine samples had been determined successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Abdel-Ghani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Yang H, Ding Y, Cao J, Li P. Twenty-one years of microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (1991-2012): A powerful analytical tool. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1273-94. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Yao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou; P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (China Pharmaceutical University); Nanjing; P. R. China
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Sharaf El-Din MK, Ibrahim F, Eid MI, Wahba MEK. Chemometrically optimized micellar liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of cetirizine dihydrochloride in its combined dosage forms. Application to biological fluids and pharmacokinetic studies. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.25.2013.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Abdelwahab N, Abdelaleem E. TLC-densitometric determination of guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and guaifenesin related substance (Guaiacol). JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.26.2013.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Haggag RS, Belal TS. Gradient HPLC–DAD Determination of Two Pharmaceutical Mixtures Containing the Antihistaminic Drug Ebastine. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:862-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Talik P, Krzek J, Ekiert RJ. Analytical Techniques Used for Determination of Methylxanthines and their Analogues—Recent Advances. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2011.569047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hadad GM, Mahmoud WMM. THE USE OF A MONOLITHIC COLUMN TO IMPROVE THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF CAFFEINE, PARACETAMOL, PSEUDOEPHEDRINE, ASPIRIN, DEXTROMETHORPHAN, CHLORPHENIRAMINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS BY HPLC–A COMPARISON WITH A CONVENTIONAL REVERSED-PHASE SILICA-BASED COLUMN. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.591031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M. Hadad
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Waleed M. M. Mahmoud
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
- b Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg , Lüneburg , Germany
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Riahi S, Hadiloo F, Milani SMR, Davarkhah N, Ganjali MR, Norouzi P, Seyfi P. A new technique for spectrophotometric determination of pseudoephedrine and guaifenesin in syrup and synthetic mixture. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:319-24. [PMID: 21598410 DOI: 10.1002/dta.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy in predicting different chemometric methods was compared when applied on ordinary UV spectra and first order derivative spectra. Principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares with one dependent variable (PLS1) and two dependent variables (PLS2) were applied on spectral data of pharmaceutical formula containing pseudoephedrine (PDP) and guaifenesin (GFN). The ability to derivative in resolved overlapping spectra chloropheniramine maleate was evaluated when multivariate methods are adopted for analysis of two component mixtures without using any chemical pretreatment. The chemometrics models were tested on an external validation dataset and finally applied to the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Significant advantages were found in analysis of the real samples when the calibration models from derivative spectra were used. It should also be mentioned that the proposed method is a simple and rapid way requiring no preliminary separation steps and can be used easily for the analysis of these compounds, especially in quality control laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Riahi
- Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
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Yu L, Ye H, Zheng L, Chen L, Chu K, Liu X, Xu X, Chen G. Determination of the epimerization rate constant of amygdalin by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:218-22. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Orlandini S, Giannini I, Navarro MV, Pinzauti S, Furlanetto S. Dual CD system-modified MEEKC method for the determination of clemastine and its impurities. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:3296-304. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Xia Z, Gan T, Chen H, Lv R, Wei W, Yang F. A new open tubular capillary microextraction and sweeping for the analysis of super low concentration of hydrophobic compounds. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3221-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Aşçi B, Dönmmez ÖA, Bozdoğan A, Sungur S. Experimental design of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic conditions for simultaneous determination of ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate, and nipagen. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810070142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Khajehsharifi H, Eskandari Z, Asadipour A. Application of some chemometric methods in conventional and derivative spectrophotometric analysis of acetaminophen and ascorbic acid. Drug Test Anal 2010; 2:162-7. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Matsuzawa Y, Fujishima S, Nakada T, Iijima M. Erythema multiforme major putatively induced by dihydrocodeine phosphate. Clin Exp Dermatol 2010; 35:673-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Enantioseparation of esbiothrin by cyclodextrin-modified microemulsion and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3911-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Lin YT, Kou HS, Wu HL. A simple micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of organic expectorants. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3524-30. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Borst C, Holzgrabe U. Enantioseparation of dopa and related compounds by cyclodextrin-modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1204:191-6. [PMID: 18538332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A chiral microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography method has been developed for the enantiomeric separation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), its precursors phenylalanine and tyrosine, and the structurally related substance methyldopa. The separations were achieved using an oil-in-water microemulsion, which consisted of the oil-compound ethyl acetate, the surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), the co-surfactant 1-butanol, the organic modifier propan-2-ol and 20mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 or 2.0 as aqueous phase. For enantioseparation sulfated beta-cyclodextrin was added. The resolution of each racemate was optimized by varying the concentration of the buffer and all components of the microemulsion. Enantioseparation could be achieved for dl-dopa, dl-phenylalanine and dl-tyrosine within 13 min with a resolution of 4.3, 3.1 and 3.3, respectively, and for methyldopa in 17 min (Rs: 1.4). The established methods allowed the detection of dopa, phenylalanine, tyrosine and methyldopa with a limit at 0.5, 1.0, 0.2 and 2.0 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Borst
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Jiang Q, Nie F, Lu J. Chemiluminescence determination of bromhexine hydrochloride with morin as chemiluminescent reagent. LUMINESCENCE 2008; 23:32-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Cserháti T. New applications of cyclodextrins in electrically driven chromatographic systems: a review. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:563-71. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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34
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LIU X, ZHANG J, CHEN X. Online Concentration by Head-column Field-amplified with Large-volume Sample Stacking Using Flow Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis for the Analysis of Four Active Components in Cold Medicines. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:1031-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei LIU
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University
| | | | - Xingguo CHEN
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University
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Bitar Y, Holzgrabe U. Enantioseparation of chiral tropa alkaloids by means of cyclodextrin-modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2693-700. [PMID: 17592616 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD-modified microemulsion EKC as a CE technique has been applied to the chiral separation of atropine, scopolamine, ipratropium and homatropine. Enantioseparations of these tropa alkaloids were optimized by using a standard oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion and varying the nature and concentration of CD additives as well as of the organic modifier (methanol, 2-propanol or ACN) whilst keeping the applied voltage of 15 kV and capillary temperature of 30 degrees C constant. The standard (O/W) microemulsion BGE solution consisted of 0.8% w/w octane, 6.6% w/w 1-butanol, 2.0% w/w SDS and 90.6% w/w 10 mM sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.2). Enantioseparations with high resolution and short migration times of all tropa alkaloids were achieved by using heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-CD and sulfated beta-CD in the microemulsion BGE and were superior to corresponding CD-modified CE methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Bitar
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Rezaei B, Mokhtari A, Khayamian T. A Simple and Rapid Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Method for the Determination of Noscapine with Ru(phen)32+-Ce(IV) System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 97:605-14. [PMID: 17899875 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200790046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) system was used for the determination of noscapine. This technique is based on the reduction effect of noscapine on the Ru(phen)3(3+), which is produced by reaction between Ru(phen)3(2+) and acidic Ce(IV) solutions, and this rapid reduction produces strong CL. Calibration plots were linear over the range of 3.0 x 10(-7) - 2.0 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) and 2.0 x 10(-6) - 2.0 x 10(-4) mol L(-1). The CL intensity was so high, that it is able to produce a detection limit of 6.6 x 10(-8) M noscapine (3sigma). The relative standard deviation of 2.0 x 10(-6) M noscapine was 1.0% (n=10). The proposed method was successfully applied for the flow injection determination of noscapine in cough and Tonin syrup samples. The results of real sample analyses show good recovery percentages (97.3-102.4%). The minimum sampling rate was 100 samples per hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156 Isfahan I.R. Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory, University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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38
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Emre D, Ozaltin N. Simultaneous determination of paracetamol, caffeine and propyphenazone in ternary mixtures by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 847:126-32. [PMID: 17046340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic method has been developed to analyze the pharmaceutical preparations containing ternary combination of paracetamol (PAR), caffeine (CAF) and propyphenazone (PRO). Best results were obtained by using 20mM pH 9.0 borate buffer containing 30mM sodiumdodecylsulphate as the background electrolyte. Diflunisal (DIF) was used as internal standard (IS). The separation was performed through a fused silica capillary (50microm internal diameter, 44cm total length, 35.5cm effective length) at 25 degrees C with the application of 3s of hydrodynamic injection at 50mbar pressure and a potential of 29kV. Detection wavelength was 200nm. Under these conditions, the migration times were found to be 5.174min for PAR, 5.513min for CAF, 7.195min for DIF, and 9.366min for PRO. Linearity ranges for the method were determined as 2-200microgmL(-1) for PAR and CAF and 3-200microgmL(-1) for PRO. Limit of detections were found as 0.6microgmL(-1) for PAR and CAF and 0.8microgmL(-1) for PRO. According to the validation study, the developed method was proved to be accurate, precise, sensitive, specific, rugged and robust. Three pharmaceutical preparations, which are produced by different drug companies in Turkey, were analyzed by the developed method. One of the same preparations was also analyzed by the derivative ratio spectro zero-crossing spectrophotometric method reported in literature. No significant differences were found statistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Emre
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
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McEvoy E, Marsh A, Altria K, Donegan S, Power J. Recent advances in the development and application of microemulsion EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:193-207. [PMID: 17136741 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) is an electrodriven separation technique. Separations are typically achieved using oil-in-water microemulsions, which are composed of nanometre-sized oil droplets suspended in an aqueous buffer. The droplets are stabilised by a surfactant and a cosurfactant. The novel use of water-in-oil microemulsions has also been investigated. This review summarises the advances in the development of MEEKC separations and also the different areas of application including determination of log P values, pharmaceutical applications, chiral analysis, natural products and bioanalytical separations and the use of new methods such as multiplexed MEEKC and high speed MEEKC. Recent applications (2004-2006) are tabulated for each area with microemulsion composition details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon McEvoy
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Waterford Institute of Technology, Cork Road, Waterford, Ireland.
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Bustamante-Rangel M, Delgado-Zamarreño MM, Sánchez-Pérez A, Carabias-Martínez R. Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for the separation of retinol, cholecalciferol, δ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1125:270-3. [PMID: 16876809 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 06/28/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographic method was used to separate fat-soluble vitamins. The separation of retinol, cholecalciferol, and delta- and alpha-tocopherol was performed using a microemulsion containing 0.75% (v/v) n-heptane, 30 mM bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), 5% (v/v) 1-butanol, 15% (v/v) 1-propanol and 15% (v/v) methanol in 20mM boric acid-sodium borate buffer. The effect of the different microemulsion constituents was studied, including the type and concentration of surfactant, buffer, oil and co-surfactants. The presence of methanol in the microemulsion was found to be necessary to achieve the separation of the tocopherols. Detection was carried out at 200, 265 and 325 nm for the tocopherols, cholecalciferol and retinol, respectively. Calibration curves and precision data were obtained for each analyte. Good linear relationships were found between the analytical signal and the analytes concentration in the 25-500 mg L(-1) for retinol and cholecalciferol, and 25-300 mg L(-1) for tocopherols ranges. The precision of the method afforded relative standard deviations in the 4.0-10% range.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bustamante-Rangel
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Ramadan AA, Mandil H. Spectrophotometric determination of carbinoxamine maleate in pharmaceutical formulations by ternary complex formation with Cu(II) and eosin. Anal Biochem 2006; 353:133-7. [PMID: 16574052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of carbinoxamine maleate in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the formation of a ternary complex, extractable with chloroform, between copper(II), eosin, and carbinoxamine maleate. The absorption spectra of the ternary complexes shows, under optimum conditions, a maxima at 538 nm, with apparent molar absorptive 6.1690 x 10(4) mol(-1) cm(-1), Sandell's sensitives 6.75 x 10(-3) microg cm(-2), and linearity in the concentration range 0.75-10.0 microg ml(-1). The method can be achieved with high accuracy (recovery values, 100 +/- 2%) and precision (with standard deviation 0.029-0.155 and relative standard deviation 3.87-1.55%). The method was again successfully applied, with high accuracy and good precision, for the determination of carbinoxamine maleate in various pharmaceutical formulations (syrup, drops, and tablets).
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aleppo University, Syria
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Abstract
Compared to MEKC, the presence of a water-immiscible oil phase in the microemulsion droplets of microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) gives rise to some special properties, such as enhanced solubilization capacity and enlarged migration window, which could allow for the improved separation of various hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds, with reduced sample pretreatment steps, unique selectivities and/or higher efficiencies. Typically, stable and optically clear oil-in-water microemulsions containing a surfactant (SDS), oil (octane or heptane), and cosurfactant (1-butanol) in phosphate buffer are employed as separation media in conventional MEEKC. However, in recent years, the applicability of reverse MEEKC (water-in-oil microemulsions) has also been demonstrated, such as for the enhanced separation of highly hydrophobic substances. Also, during the past few years, the development and application of MEEKC for the separation of chiral molecules has been expanded, based on the use of enantioselective microemulsions that contained a chiral surfactant or chiral alcohol. On the other hand, the application of MEEKC for the characterization of the lipophilicity of chemical substances remains an active and important area of research, such as the use of multiplex MEEKC for the high-throughput determination of partition coefficients (log P values) of pharmaceutical compounds. In this review, recent applications of MEEKC (covering the period from 2003 to 2005) are reported. Emphases are placed on the discussion of MEEKC in the separation of chiral molecules and highly hydrophobic substances, as well as in the determination of partition coefficients, followed by a survey of recent applications of MEEKC in the analysis of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and health-care products, biological and environmental compounds, plant materials, and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W Huie
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Furlanetto S, Orlandini S, Marras AM, Mura P, Pinzauti S. Mixture design in the optimization of a microemulsion system for the electrokinetic chromatographic determination of ketorolac and its impurities: Method development and validation. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:805-18. [PMID: 16470626 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Microemulsion EKC (MEEKC) was used for the determination of ketorolac and its three impurities. The microemulsion system was optimized, for the first time in the literature, using a multivariate strategy involving a mixture design. A 13-run experimental plan covering an experimental domain defined by the components aqueous phase (10 mM borate buffer pH 9.2), oil phase (n-heptane) and surfactant/cosurfactant (SDS/n-butanol) was carried out. Good results were obtained with all microemulsions tested considering as responses analysis time and resolution, and according to the desirability function the best microemulsion system was constituted by 90.0% 10 mM borate buffer, 2.0% n-heptane, 8.0% of SDS/n-butanol in 1:2 ratio. Finally, with the aim of reducing analysis time, a response surface study was carried out in the experimental domain defined by the process variables temperature and voltage and the best values were 17 degrees C and -17 kV, respectively. Applying the optimised conditions, a complete resolution among the analytes was obtained in about 3 min using the short-end injection method. The method was validated for both drug substances and drug product and was applied to the quality control of ketorolac in coated tablets. A comparison of MEEKC, MEKC and CEC for assaying ketorolac and its related substances has been made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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