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Kim HS, Baek SH. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for simultaneous determination of 22 marker compounds in traditional herbal medicine Ojeoksan. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116193. [PMID: 38729089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicines (THMs) have long been in use worldwide and are considered safe for use as tonics or complementary treatments for many diseases. Advanced quality control methods for THMs are required in the regulatory framework of modern medicines. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay was established for the simultaneous determination of 22 marker compounds in Ojeoksan (OJS), which is composed of 15 herbal substances. All marker compounds were analyzed within 20 min and successfully identified via scheduled multiple reaction monitoring. The method validation revealed excellent performance characteristics of the method such as specificity, linearity, sensitivity, precision, and accuracy, demonstrating its suitability for intended use. The developed method was applied to samples of commercial OJS tablet and soft-extract dosage forms. The 14 marker compounds corresponding to 12 component herbal substances were determined in the samples; ephedirine, albiflorin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, hesperidine, neohesperidin, cinnamic acid, platycodin D, 6-gingerol, atractylenolide III, glycyrrhizin, honokiol, decursin, and magnolol. A fast and easy assay method with sufficient discrimination power was established. As a novel assay, this method can contribute to the quality control of OJS products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seo Kim
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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Dai X, Liu Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Wang S, Xu T, Yin J, Shi H, Ye Z, Zhu R, Gao J, Dong G, Zhao D, Gao S, Wang X, Prentki M, Brὂmme D, Wang L, Zhang D. SiJunZi decoction ameliorates bone quality and redox homeostasis and regulates advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways in diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117167. [PMID: 37716489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE SiJunZi decoction (SJZD), one of the traditional Chinese medicine formulas, has been clinically and traditionally used to improve glucose and lipid metabolism and promote bone remodeling. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the actions and mechanisms of SJZD on bone remodeling in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic mice generated with a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) were subjected to SJZD treatment for 8 weeks. Blood glucose and lipid profile, redox status and bone metabolism were determined by ELISA or biochemical assays. Bone quality was evaluated by micro-CT, three-point bending assay and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR). Bone histomorphometry alterations were evaluated by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and Safranin O-fast green staining. The expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE), phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (p-NF-κB), NF-κB, cathepsin K, semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), p-GSK-3β, (p)-β-catenin, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Cyclin D1 in the femurs and/or tibias were examined by Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The main constituents in the SJZD aqueous extract were characterized by a HPLC/MS. RESULTS SJZD intervention improved glucose and lipid metabolism and preserved bone quality in the diabetic mice, in particular glucose tolerance, lipid profile, bone microarchitecture, strength and material composition. SJZD administration to diabetic mice preserved redox homeostasis in serum and bone marrow, and prevented an increase in AGEs, RAGE, p-NF-κB/NF-κB, cathepsin K, p-GSK-3β, p-β-catenin expressions and a decrease in Sema3A, IGF1, β-catenin, Runx2 and Cyclin D1 expressions in tibias and/or femurs. Thirteen compounds were identified in SJZD aqueous extract, including astilbin, liquiritin apioside, ononin, ginsenoside Re, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Ro, Rb3, Rd, notoginsenoside R2, glycyrrhizic acid, and licoricesaponin B2. CONCLUSIONS SJZD ameliorates bone quality in diabetic mice possibly via maintaining redox homeostasis. The mechanism governing these alterations are possibly related to effects on the AGEs/RAGE and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. SJZD may offer a novel source of drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dai
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yage Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tianyuan Liu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shan Wang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Tianshu Xu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hanfen Shi
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Zimengwei Ye
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Junfeng Gao
- The Scientific Research Center, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Guangtong Dong
- Department of Chinese Medicine Formulas, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xinxiang Wang
- The Scientific Research Center, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, CRCHUM and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Dieter Brὂmme
- Department of Oral Biological & Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of TCM Pharmacology, Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Liu XL, Xie J, Xie ZN, Zhong C, Liu H, Zhang SH, Jin J. Identification of squalene epoxidase in triterpenes biosynthesis in Poria cocos by molecular docking and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:34. [PMID: 38273342 PMCID: PMC10809676 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squalene epoxidase is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of membrane sterols and triterpenoids. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of oxidized squalene, which is a common precursor of sterols and triterpenoids. RESULT In this study, the squalene epoxidase gene (PcSE) was evaluated in Poria cocos. Molecular docking between PcSE and squalene was performed and the active amino acids were identified. The sgRNA were designed based on the active site residues. The effect on triterpene synthesis in P. cocos was consistent with the results from ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadruplex time-of-flight-double mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis. The results showed that deletion of PcSE inhibited triterpene synthesis. In vivo verification of PcSE function was performed using a PEG-mediated protoplast transformation approach. CONCLUSION The findings from this study provide a foundation for further studies on heterologous biosynthesis of P. cocos secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liu Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Xie
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Shui-Han Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Zhao Y, Feng X, Zhang L, Huang W, Liu Y. Antitumor Activity of Carboxymethyl Pachymaran with Different Molecular Weights Based on Immunomodulatory and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:4527. [PMID: 37960180 PMCID: PMC10648391 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP) was treated via high-temperature and cellulase hydrolysis to obtain HTCMP, HTEC-24, and HTEC-48. The chemical structure and in vivo antitumor activities of the four types of CMPs were investigated. Compared with CMP (787.9 kDa), the molecular weights of HTCMP, HTEC-24, and HTEC-48 were decreased to 429.8, 129.9, and 68.6 kDa, respectively. The viscosities and particle sizes of the CMPs could also decrease with the decline in the molecular weights. All the CMPs showed antitumor abilities, but HTEC-24 exhibited the best activity. In the animal study, when curing the spleen and thymus, CMPs displayed immunomodulatory effects by increasing the secretion of IFN-γ and IL2 in mice. The CMPs also exerted an antitumor ability by regulating the gut microbiota in tumor-bearing mice. Our results established a foundation to develop an antitumor drug with CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Lijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Z.); (W.H.)
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Shu ZH, Fan CL, Wei HY, Li ZT, Norimoto H, Tang XY, Yao ZH, Yao XS, Dai Y. An integrated strategy by absorbed component characterization, pharmacokinetics, and activity evaluation for identification of potential nephroprotective substances in Zhu-Ling decoction. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300331. [PMID: 37438987 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy for the identification of potential nephroprotective substances in Zhu-Ling decoction has been established with the integration of absorbed components characterization, pharmacokinetics, and activity evaluation. A qualitative method was developed to characterize the chemical constituents absorbed components in vivo of Zhu-Ling decoction by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A quantitative method was established and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight compounds in rat plasma by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple tandem mass spectrometry. Finally, the nephroprotective activities of absorbed components with high exposure were assessed by cell survival rate, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde activities in hydrogen peroxide-induced Vero cells. As a result, 111 compounds in Zhu-Ling decoction and 36 absorbed components were identified in rat plasma and urine, and poricoic acid A, poricoic acid B, alisol A, 16-oxo-alisol A, and dehydro-tumulosic acid had high exposure levels in rat plasma. Finally, poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, 16-oxo-alisol A, and dehydro-tumulosic acid showed remarkable nephroprotective activity against Vero cells damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Besides, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde activities were obviously regulated in hydrogen peroxide-induced Vero cells by treatment with the four compounds mentioned above. Therefore, these four compounds were considered to be effective substances of Zhu-Ling decoction due to their relatively high exposure in vivo and biological activity. This study provided a chemical basis for the action mechanism of Zhu-Ling decoction in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Shu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Lian Fan
- College of Medicine, Henan Engineering Research Center of Funiu Mountain's Medicinal Resources Utilization and Molecular Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Wei
- PuraPharm Research Institute of PuraPharm(Nanning) Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ting Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hisayoshi Norimoto
- PuraPharm Research Institute of PuraPharm(Nanning) Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nanning, P. R. China
- R&D Centre of PuraPharm Corporation Ltd., Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yang Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Lo TY, Chan ASL, Cheung ST, Yung LY, Leung MMH, Wong YH. Multi-target regulatory mechanism of Yang Xin Tang - a traditional Chinese medicine against dementia. Chin Med 2023; 18:101. [PMID: 37587513 PMCID: PMC10428601 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yang Xin Tang (YXT) is a traditional Chinese herbal preparation which has been reported to improve cognitive function and memory in patients with dementia. As the underlying mechanism of action of YXT has not been elucidated, we examined the effects of YXT and its major herbal components in regulating gene transcription and molecular targets related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Aqueous and ethanol extracts of YXT and selected herbal components were prepared and validated by standard methods. A series of biochemical and cellular assays were employed to assess the ability of the herbal extracts to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, reduce β-amyloid aggregation, stimulate the differentiation of neural progenitor cells, suppress cyclooxygenase, and protect neurons against β-amyloid or N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cytotoxicity. The effects of YXT on multiple molecular targets were further corroborated by a panel of nine reporter gene assays. RESULTS Extracts of YXT and two of its constituent herbs, Poria cocos and Poria Sclerotium pararadicis, significantly inhibited β-amyloid aggregation and β-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity. A protective effect of the YXT extract was similarly observed against N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced cytotoxicity in primary neurons, and this activity was shared by extracts of Radix Astragali and Rhizoma Chuanxiong. Although the YXT extract was ineffective, extracts of Poria cocos, Poria Sclerotium pararadicis and Radix Polygalae inhibited acetylcholine esterase, with the latter also capable of upregulating choline acetyltransferase. YXT and its components significantly inhibited the activities of the pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenases. Additionally, extracts of YXT and several of its constituent herbs significantly stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and cAMP-responsive element binding protein, two molecular targets involved in learning and memory, as well as in the regulation of neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Several constituents of YXT possess multiple regulatory effects on known therapeutic targets of AD that range from β-amyloid to acetylcholinesterase. The demonstrated neuroprotective and neurogenic actions of YXT lend credence to its use as an alternative medicine for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Yan Lo
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anthony Siu Lung Chan
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet Ting Cheung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lisa Ying Yung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manton Man Hon Leung
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yung Hou Wong
- Division of Life Science and the Biotechnology Research Institute, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Center for Aging Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Units 1501-1502, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Chen Z, Zhao Y, Feng X, Zhang L, Ibrahim SA, Huang W, Liu Y. Effects of degradation on the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of carboxymethyl pachymaran. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125560. [PMID: 37364805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf is a well-known edible and medicinal fungus. The polysaccharide in the sclerotium of P. cocos was extracted and prepared into carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP). Three different degradation treatments including high temperature (HT), high pressure (HP) and gamma irradiation (GI) were used to process CMP. The changes in physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of CMP were then comparatively investigated. We found that the molecular weights of HT-CMP, HP-CMP, and GI-CMP decreased from 787.9 kDa to 429.8, 569.5 and 6.0 kDa, respectively. Degradation treatments had no effect on the main chains of →3-β-D-Glcp-(1 → while changed the branched sugar residues. The polysaccharide chains of CMP were depolymerized after high pressure and gamma irradiation treatments. The three degradation methods improved the stability of CMP solution while decreased the thermal stability of CMP. In addition, we found that the GI-CMP with lowest molecular weight had the best antioxidant activity. Our results suggest that gamma irradiation treatment could degrade CMP as functional foods with strong antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxi Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yalin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, United States
| | - Lijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Jiang XL, Zhu Y, Ma GF, Liu P, Chen LL. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of major components of Renshen-Yangrong Pill by UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 227:115276. [PMID: 36738686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Renshen-Yangrong Pill (RYP) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of asthenic symptoms, while its multiple herbal compositions bring a wide variety of unclear chemical components which seriously hinder the effective quality control and clinical practice. The present study aimed to investigate the overall chemical profile of RYP by UPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap/MS, and further obtain the quantitative distributions of representing components in the preparations. A total of 132 components in RYP including flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, phenylpropanoids, and monoterpenoid glycosides were identified or tentatively characterized by authentic compounds or accurate masses and fragmentation, in which 52 characteristic components were selected for further quantitation by UPLC-MS/MS. The assay was validated in terms of linearity, precision, repeatability, recovery and successfully applied for the quality control of 40 batches of RYP. Hesperidin and paeoniflorin were revealed as the most abundant constituents in RYP, and the samples of different origins and dosage forms were clearly classified based on hierarchical cluster analysis. This study provided a deep insight into the chemical profiling of RYP, as well as a new approach for determining the marker compounds, which laid a valuable foundation for further investigation of potential effective components and comprehensive quality control of RYP and related preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Gai-Fan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Liu X, Zhong C, Xie J, Liu H, Xie Z, Zhang S, Jin J. Geographical region traceability of Poria cocos and correlation between environmental factors and biomarkers based on a metabolomic approach. Food Chem 2023; 417:135817. [PMID: 36905692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The edible values of P. cocos from different origins vary significantly, therefore, it is important to investigate the traceability of geographical regions and identify the geographical biomarkers of P. cocos. The metabolites of P. cocos of the different geographical origins were assessed using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry, principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The OPLS-DA could clearly discriminate the metabolites of P. cocos from the three cultivation regions (YN, Yunnan; AH, Anhui; JZ, Hunan). Finally, three carbohydrates, four amino acids, and four triterpenoids were selected as biomarkers for P. cocos origin tracing. Correlation matrix analysis revealed that the contents of biomarkers were closely related to geographical origin. Altitude, temperature, and soil fertility were the main factors responsible for the differences in biomarker profiles in P. cocos. The metabolomics approach provides an effective strategy for tracing and identifying the biomarkers of P. cocos from different geographical origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Zhenni Xie
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
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10
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Facile preparation of a novel nanoemulsion based hyaluronic acid hydrogel loading with Poria cocos triterpenoids extract for wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1490-1499. [PMID: 36442559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds have been a serious concern for human health owing to their long chronic inflammation and reduced vascularization. Herein, we report novel oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions (NEs) containing Poria cocos triterpenes extract (PTE) to fabricate hyaluronic acid hydrogels (PTE-NEs) for the treatment of diabetic wounds. The size and morphology of NEs are analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Zeta potential, respectively. Furthermore, the rheological behavior and morphology of synthesized hydrogels are also determined. It is found that PTE-NEs gel has a homogeneous and porous structure with good elastic properties. In addition, in vitro experiments show that the cell viability of PTE-NEs gel is >85 % without cytotoxicity. In vivo experiments of diabetic rats demonstrate that the PTE-NEs gel can not only significantly accelerate diabetic wound healing, collagen deposition, M2 macrophage polarization, and angiogenesis, but also inhibit inflammation. In conclusion, PTE plays a significant role in wound healing and exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrating its great potential in treating diabetic wounds.
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11
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Zhao Q, Bian X, Shan C, Cheng J, Wang C, Xu Y, Xu M, Yan H, Qian D, Duan J. Quantitative analysis of nutrients for nucleosides, nucleobases and amino acids hidden behind five distinct regions-derived Poria cocos using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4039-4051. [PMID: 36084259 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos is an edible fungus used as a health product and traditional Chinese medicinal preparation. Nevertheless, little is known about its nutrients. In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry was conducted to quantify nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in 32 batches of Poria cocos samples collected from Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou. Subsequently, the linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery of our methods were validated. Samples from different regions were clearly separated by partial least squares discriminant analysis and cluster analysis. Our results suggested that Poria cocos samples from different geographical environments differed in nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids. The plot of variable importance for projection disclosed differential compositions of L-Leucine, Uridine, L-Asparagine, L-Glutamine, L-phenylalanine, L-Ornithine monohydrochloride, L-Hydroxyproline, Taurine and Inosine in Poria cocos from five regions. We found the highest content of total analytes, total amino acids and total non-essential amino acids in Poria cocos from Anhui, total essential amino acids in the Sichuan samples and total nucleosides in Hunan samples. Overall, we determined the content of Poria cocos-derived nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids, providing the foothold for further chemical mining and use of Poria cocos. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulong Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resource Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaokun Bian
- Yancheng NO.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Chenxiao Shan
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaxin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunxue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Yancheng NO.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Min Xu
- Institute of TCM-Related Comorbid Depression, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Yancheng NO.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Yancheng NO.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224000, China
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12
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Zheng C, Shao Y, Hao L, Shi Y, Zhu J, Zhao C, Jiang Q, Yi J, Lu J. Extraction, characterization and biological activities of a polysaccharide from
Poria cocos
peels. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiang Zheng
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Yiwen Shao
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Limin Hao
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology Academy of Military Sciences PLA China,Beijing 100010 China
| | - Yanling Shi
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Changcheng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- Anhui Jinzhai Qiaokang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Liuan Anhui China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan China
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13
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Peng X, Jia C, Chi H, Wang P, Fu H, Li Y, Wang Q. Efficacy and Pharmacological Mechanism of Poria cocos-Based Formulas Combined With Chemotherapy for Ovarian Cancer: A Integrated Systems Pharmacology Study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:788810. [PMID: 35401186 PMCID: PMC8985862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.788810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that Poria cocos-based formulas combined with chemotherapy can improve the quality of life of ovarian cancer patients. However, the results are still controversial. We systematically searched the literature from eight databases to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Poria cocos-based formulas in combination with paclitaxel-carboplatin in treating ovarian cancer (OC). Subsequently, network pharmacology, molecular docking and cell experiments were performed to further verify the underlying molecular mechanism. Thirteen randomized controlled trials, including 922 patients with OC, were enrolled in the study. The results indicated that Poria cocos-based compounds combined with paclitaxel-carboplatin significantly improved patients' tumor response rate, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, Karnofsky Performance Scale, physical and social function, and reduced side effects of chemotherapy compared to the paclitaxel-carboplatin alone. According to the network pharmacological analysis, tumulosic acid were the most bioactive compounds of Poria cocos. BCL2L1 is highly expressed in OC and is associated with a worse prognosis which could become potential drug target. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the anti-OC effect of Poria cocos may be related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The molecular docking results indicated that tumulosic acid might inhibit OC by regulating BCL2L1. Vitro experiment confirmed tumulosic acid that induced cell apoptosis by modulating PI3K/AKT signaling and BCL2L1. Our study may provide a clinical basis and theoretical rationale for combining Poria cocos-based formulas with chemotherapy for OC. In addition, the integrated pharmacological strategy proposed in our study provides an excellent example for exploring the mechanism of complex formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Peng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Congchao Jia
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hu Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunyue Li
- Queen Mary College, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan Treatment Center for Gynaecologic and Breast Diseases (Gynaecology), Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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14
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Determination of Cultivation Regions and Quality Parameters of Poria cocos by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060892. [PMID: 35327314 PMCID: PMC8956048 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos (PC) is an important fungus with high medicinal and nutritional values. However, the quality of PC is heavily dependent on multiple factors in the cultivation regions. Traditional methods are not able to perform quality evaluation for this fungus in a short time, and a new method is needed for rapid quality assessment. Here, we used near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric method to identify the cultivation regions and determine PC chemical compositions. In our study, 138 batches of samples were collected and their cultivation regions were distinguished by combining NIR spectroscopy and random forest method (RFM) with an accuracy as high as 92.59%. In the meantime, we used partial least square regression (PLSR) to build quantitative models and measure the content of water-soluble extract (WSE), ethanol-soluble extract (ASE), polysaccharides (PSC) and the sum of five triterpenoids (SFT). The performance of these models were verified with correlation coefficients (R2cal and R2pre) above 0.9 for the four quality parameters and the relative errors (RE) of PSC, WSE, ASE and SFT at 4.055%, 3.821%, 4.344% and 3.744%, respectively. Overall, a new approach was developed and validated which is able to distinguish PC production regions, quantify its chemical contents, and effectively evaluate PC quality.
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15
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Zhang L, Yin M, Feng X, Ibrahim SA, Liu Y, Huang W. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Four Triterpenoids Isolated from Poriae Cutis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10123155. [PMID: 34945705 PMCID: PMC8700795 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, triterpenoid compounds from Poriae Cutis were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) and identified using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of the purified triterpenoids on RAW 264.7 cells were also investigated. Triterpenoids, poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, dehydrotrametenolic acid, and dehydroeburicoic acid were obtained; their levels of purity were 90%, 92%, 93%, and 96%, respectively. The results indicated that poricoic acid B had higher anti-inflammatory activity than those of poricoic acid A by inhibiting the generation of NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. However, dehydrotrametenolic acid and dehydroeburicoic acid had no anti-inflammatory activity. In addition, the production of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in cells treated with poricoic acid B decreased in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range from 10 to 40 μg/mL. The results provide evidence for the use of Poriae Cutis as a natural anti-inflammatory agent in medicines and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Mengzhou Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xi Feng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Packaging, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 171 Carver Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wen Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-5980-7072
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16
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Wang B, Feng X, Liu S, Qiu F, Lu X, Li Z. Comprehensive Quality Assessment of Kaixin Powder by HPLC-DAD Quantification and HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Confirmation. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11319-11326. [PMID: 34056287 PMCID: PMC8153899 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Kaixin Powder (KXP) is a classic formula for treating morbid forgetfulness in ancient China. To guarantee the efficacy and safety of KXP, a simple and accurate HPLC-DAD method has been established and validated for the quantitative analysis of seven bioactive compounds in KXP. Dehydrotumulosic acid (DTU) and dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTR) were quantified in KXP for the first time. Good chromatographic separation was conducted on a Kromasil 100-5 C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) by gradient elution using mobile phases containing acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution at different detection wavelengths. The calibration curves of each compound showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9990), and the LOD and LOQ were in the ranges of 0.01-0.10 and 0.03-0.40 μg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra-day and inter-day precisions were in the ranges of 0.45-1.74% and 0.56-2.32%, respectively. All recoveries were in the range of 93.6-105.5% with an RSD no more than 2.77%. These quantification results of seven compounds determined in the samples were further confirmed by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. This study provides a useful and simple method for analyzing the major bioactive compounds and improves the quality assessment research of KXP.
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17
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Jiang H, Liu J, Wang Y, Chen L, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang B. Screening the Q-markers of TCMs from RA rat plasma using UHPLC-QTOF/MS technique for the comprehensive evaluation of Wu-Wei-Wen-Tong Capsule. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4711. [PMID: 33764633 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The appropriate selection of quality marker (Q-marker) for performing the comprehensive quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) has much more significance. Wu-Wei-Wen-Tong Capsule (WWWTC), a TCMs prescription, is mainly utilized to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. However, the comprehensive quality control for WWWTC has not been achieved because of lacking system analysis for the Q-marker. In this study, a dual wavelength, 203 and 270 nm, was selected based on the feature of 15 Q-markers, and a reliable UHPLC-UV fingerprinting approach was established, achieving the comprehensive quality evaluation of WWWTC. First, we identified 91 prototypes in rat plasma after administering a set amount of WWWTC by using UHPLC-QTOF/MS technique and selected them as the candidate Q-markers. Next, based on the "five principles" of Q-marker selection, 15 absorbed components among them including coumarin, cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic alcohol, and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde derived from Monarch medicine of Cmnamomi Mmulus; epimedin C, icariin, baohuoside I, and anhydroicaritin derived from Monarch medicine Epimedii Folium; germacrone, the sesquiterpene compound in Minister medicine Rhizoma Wenyujin Concisum; pachymic acid, the tetracyclic triterpenoid acids in Assistant medicine Poria; baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, and wogonoside in Guide medicine Scutellariae Radix, respectively, were seriously chosen as the Q-markers, indicating preferable pharmacological effect on RA, characterization of transitivity and traceability as well as measurable components in WWWTC. The effective and meaningful strategy displayed a unique perspective for the exploration of Q-markers in the quality evaluation and further ensured efficacy and safety of the TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development Laboratory in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development Laboratory in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Leijing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine and Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development Laboratory in Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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18
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Zhang Y, Zhao M, Liu T, Zhu W, Zhao C, Wang M. Rapid characterization of the chemical constituents of Yinchen Wuling Powder by UPLC coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 198:114022. [PMID: 33744466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Yinchen Wuling Powder (YCWLP) is a classic Chinese medicine prescription with a long history and has been commonly used for treating jaundice hepatitis, liver fibrosis, hyperlipidemia and early diabetes in clinical applications. However, the chemical composition of YCWLP is still unclear. In order to obtain the chemical profile of YCWLP, a systematic ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (UPLC-FT-ICR-MS) method was developed in this study. As a result, a total of 138 compounds including terpenoid acids, organic acids, flavonoids, sesquiterpenes, coumarins and anthraquinones were identified by comparing the retention time, molecular ions and fragmentation behaviors with the reference compounds or the in-house database. This study comprehensively elucidated the chemical basis of YCWLP and provided a scientific basis for further quality control and pharmacology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunjie Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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19
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Structure characterization and in vitro immunomodulatory activities of carboxymethyl pachymaran. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:94-103. [PMID: 33577815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP) was prepared from Poria cocos polysaccharide by carboxymethylation. Two types of CMP (CMP-1 and CMP-2) were further purified by DEAE-52 anion-exchange chromatography. The structure characteristics and immunomodulatory activities of CMP-1 and CMP-2 were investigated. CMP-1 was determined as β-(1 → 3)-d-glucan. A β-(1 → 3)-d-glucan backbone structure was also found in CMP-2, which was mainly consistent of mannose and glucose, with the mole ratio of 0.03:1. The molecular weight of CMP-1 was 126.1 kDa with a 30.4 nm irregular sphere in distilled water. However, the molecular weight of CMP-2 was 172.6 kDa in a 19.9 nm spherical structure in water solution. Both CMP-1 and CMP-2 had triple helical structure, which can promote the proliferation and the phagocytosis of macrophages. Moreover, CMP-1 and CMP-2 both could improve the secretions of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 by increasing the expression of iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, but CMP-1 exhibited a stronger immunomodulatory ability than that of CMP-2. Our results indicated that CMP-1 and CMP-2 can act as potential immunomodulatory agents.
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20
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Kour H, Kour S, Sharma Y, Singh S, Sharma I, Kour D, Yadav AN. Bioprospecting of Industrially Important Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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21
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Yang M, Zhao Y, Qin Y, Xu R, Yang Z, Peng H. Untargeted Metabolomics and Targeted Quantitative Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Variations in Specialized Metabolites Accumulation in Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Fushen). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713490. [PMID: 34621284 PMCID: PMC8490877 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf is a saprophytic fungus that grows around the roots of old, dead pine trees. Fushen, derived from the sclerotium of P. cocos but also containing a young host pine root, has been widely used as a medicine and food in China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asian countries, and some European countries. However, the compound variations at the different growth periods and in the different parts of Fushen have not previously been investigated. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) and targeted quantitative analysis was utilized to characterize the temporal and spatial variations in the accumulation of specialized metabolites in Fushen. There were 119 specialized metabolites tentatively identified using the UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The nine growth periods of Fushen were divided into four groups using partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). Four different parts of the Fushen [fulingpi (FP), the outside of baifuling (BO), the inside of baifuling (BI), and fushenmu (FM)] were clearly discriminated using a PLS-DA and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA). Markers for the different growth periods and parts of Fushen were also screened. In addition, the quantitative method was successfully applied to simultaneously determine 13 major triterpenoid acids in the nine growth periods and four parts. The quantitative results indicated that the samples in January, March, and April, i.e., the late growth period, had the highest content levels for the 13 triterpenoid acids. The pachymic acid, dehydropachymic acid, and dehydrotumulosic acid contents in the FM were higher than those in other three parts in March, whereas the poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, polyporenic acid C, dehydrotratrametenolic acid, dehydroeburicoic acid, and eburicoic acid in FP were higher beginning in October. These findings reveal characteristics in temporal and spatial distribution of specialized metabolites in Fushen and provide guidance for the identification of harvesting times and for further quality evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Yujiao Zhao
| | - Yuejian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengyang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Huasheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of DAO-DI Herbs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huasheng Peng
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22
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Luo H, Qian J, Xu Z, Liu W, Xu L, Li Y, Xu J, Zhang J, Xu X, Liu C, He L, Li J, Sun C, Martin F, Song J, Chen S. The Wolfiporia cocos Genome and Transcriptome Shed Light on the Formation of Its Edible and Medicinal Sclerotium. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:455-467. [PMID: 33359677 PMCID: PMC8242266 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wolfiporia cocos (F. A. Wolf) has been praised as a food delicacy and medicine for centuries in China. Here, we present the genome and transcriptome of the Chinese strain CGMCC5.78 of W. cocos. High-confidence functional prediction was made for 9277 genes among the 10,908 total predicted gene models in the W. cocos genome. Up to 2838 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to be related to sclerotial development by comparing the transcriptomes of mycelial and sclerotial tissues. These DEGs are involved in mating processes, differentiation of fruiting body tissues, and metabolic pathways. A number of genes encoding enzymes and regulatory factors related to polysaccharide and triterpenoid production were strikingly regulated. A potential triterpenoid gene cluster including the signature lanosterol synthase (LSS) gene and its modified components were annotated. In addition, five nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS)-like gene clusters, eight polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters, and 15 terpene gene clusters were discovered in the genome. The differential expression of the velevt family proteins, transcription factors, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and signaling components indicated their essential roles in the regulation of fungal development and secondary metabolism in W. cocos. These genomic and transcriptomic resources will be valuable for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms controlling sclerotial formation and for its improved medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanjing Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu He
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianqin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Francis Martin
- INRA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Wang QQ, Huang HY, Wang YZ. FTIR and UV spectra for the prediction of triterpene acids in Macrohyporia cocos. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Nie A, Chao Y, Zhang X, Jia W, Zhou Z, Zhu C. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:505249. [PMID: 33071776 PMCID: PMC7533546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.505249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is the dried sclerotium of Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb., which was the current accepted name and was formerly known as Macrohyporia cocos (Schwein.) I. Johans. & Ryvarden, Pachyma cocos (Schwein.) Fr., Poria cocos F.A. Wolf and Sclerotium cocos Schwein. It is one of the most important crude drugs in traditional Chinese medicine, with a wide range of applications in ameliorating phlegm and edema, relieving nephrosis and chronic gastritis and improving uneasiness of minds. Its extensive pharmacological effects have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no systematic review focusing on the chemical compounds and pharmacological activities of Poria cocos. Therefore, this review aimed to provide the latest information on the chemical compounds and pharmacological effects of Poria cocos, exploring the therapeutic potential of these compounds. We obtained the information of Poria cocos from electronic databases such as SCI finder, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang DATA and Google Scholar. Up to now, two main active ingredients, triterpenes and polysaccharides of Poria cocos, have been identified from Poria cocos. It has been reported that they have pharmacological effects on anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and liver and kidney protection. The review summarizes the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Poria cocos, which suggest that researchers should focus on the development of new drugs about Poria cocos to make them exert greater therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzheng Nie
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Chao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Jia
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunsheng Zhu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Antiarrhythmic Mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine Dingji Fumai Decoction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9185707. [PMID: 32256664 PMCID: PMC7109552 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9185707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Dingji Fumai decoction (DFD) is used to treat ventricular arrhythmia, and it has provided a very good curative effect. However, its cellular electrophysiological mechanism is unknown. Methods Electrocardiogram was recorded, and oxidative stress response and ion-channel-related molecules were detected in rats with barium chloride- and aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Moreover, whole-cell patch-clamp assay was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of DFD on Nav1.5 in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Results DFD prolonged the occurrence time and shortened the duration of ventricular arrhythmia, decreased the malondialdehyde and increased the superoxide dismutase, and alleviated the activation of Na+-K+-ATPase and connexin-43. DFD suppressed Nav1.5dose-dependently with an IC50 of 24.0 ± 2.4 mg/mL. Conclusions The clinical antiarrhythmic mechanisms of DFD are based on its antioxidant potential, alleviation of Na+-K+-ATPase and connexin-43, and class I antiarrhythmic properties by suppressing Nav1.5dose-dependently with an IC50 of 24.0 ± 2.4 mg/mL.
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Wang Q, Zuo Z, Huang H, Wang Y. Comparison and quantitative analysis of wild and cultivated Macrohyporia cocos using attenuated total refection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with ultra-fast liquid chromatography. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 226:117633. [PMID: 31605966 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dried sclerotium of Macrohyporia cocos is a well-known and widely-consumed traditional Chinese medicine and is also used as dietary supplement. According to the differential treatment between cultivation and wild habitats in the market, the comparison and quantitative analysis of wild and cultivated M. cocos were performed using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and ultra-fast liquid chromatography combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis and partial least squares regression (PLSR). 636 samples were used for the spectral scan and chromatographic analysis. Results indicated that contents of dehydrotumulosic acid, poricoic acid A and dehydrotrametenolic acid in cultivated samples were significantly different from wild samples in two medicinal parts. Differences of dehydropachymic acid and pachymic acid just existed in inner part samples (P < 0.05). Wild M. cocos samples could be discriminated with cultivated samples with >95.14% efficiency using spectral data. ATR-FTIR combined with PLSR provided satisfactory performance for content predictions of poricoic acid A and dehydrotrametenolic acid. This study demonstrated that growth patterns could affect the quality of inner part and epidermis of M. cocos, and ATR-FTIR was a promising technique for the identification of wild and cultivated M. cocos and the rapid determination of triterpene acids contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhitian Zuo
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Hengyu Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
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Qualitative and quantitative characterization of carbohydrate profiles in three different parts of Poria cocos. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:113009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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A Method to Study the Distribution Patterns for Metabolites in Xylem and Phloem of Spatholobi Caulis. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010167. [PMID: 31906156 PMCID: PMC6983255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatholobi Caulis (SC), the vine stem of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of blood stasis syndrome and related diseases. Xylem and phloem are the main structures of SC and the color of xylem in SC is red brown or brown while the phloem with resin secretions is reddish brown to dark brown. They are alternately arranged in a plurality of concentric or eccentric rings. In order to investigate the distribution patterns of metabolites in xylem and phloem of SC, an analytical method based on UFLC–QTRAP–MS/MS was established for simultaneous determination of 22 constituents including four flavanols, nine isoflavones, two flavonols, two dihydroflavones, one flavanonol, one chalcone, one pterocarpan, one anthocyanidin and one phenolic acid in the samples (xylem and phloem) from Laos. Furthermore, according to the contents of 22 constituents, heat map, principal components analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS–DA) and t–test were used to evaluate the samples and discover the differences between xylem and phloem of SC. The results indicated that the measured ingredients in xylem and phloem were significantly different. To be specific, the contents of flavonoids in xylem were higher than that in phloem, while the content of protocatechuic acid showed a contrary tendency. This study will not only reveal the distribution patterns of metabolites in xylem and phloem of SC but also facilitate further study on their quality formation.
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Yang X, Ma C, Chen Z, Liu J, Liu F, Xie R, Zhao H, Deng G, Chen AT, Gong N, Yao L, Zuo P, Zhi K, Wang J, Gao X, Wang J, Fan L, Zhou J. Single small molecule-assembled nanoparticles mediate efficient oral drug delivery. NANO RESEARCH 2019; 12:2468-2476. [PMID: 35966168 PMCID: PMC9369969 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-019-2470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery, which requires surviving the harsh environment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and penetrating the intestinal epithelium, has not been achieved using simple formulation nanoparticles (NPs). Medicinal natural products (MNPs) have been widely used in traditional medicine for disease management through oral consumption. However, most pharmacologically active compounds within MNPs do not have the properties suitable for oral applications. We hypothesize that some MNPs contain natural nanomaterials that can convert those compounds into oral formulations by forming NPs. After screening 66 MNPs, we identified five classes of small molecules that form NPs, many of which are capable of efficient drug encapsulation and GI penetration. We show that one of them, dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTA), is capable of mediating oral delivery for effective disease treatment. We determine that DTA NPs assemble through hydrogen bonding and penetrate the GI tract via apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. Our study reveals a novel class of single component, small molecule- assembled NPs for oral drug delivery, and suggests a novel approach to modernizing MNPs through nanomaterial discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Chao Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Zeming Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Fuyao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Rongbin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haitian Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ann T. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ningbo Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Polymorphic Drugs, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Pengjian Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kangkang Zhi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaobin Gao
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Zhu LX, Xu J, Wu Y, Su LF, Ching Lam KY, Qi ER, Dong XP, Chen HB, Liu YD, Zhao ZZ. Comparative quality of the forms of decoction pieces evaluated by multidimensional chemical analysis and chemometrics: Poria cocos, a pilot study. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:766-777. [PMID: 31324292 PMCID: PMC9307036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Chinese medicinal materials (CMMs) are parts of plants or fungi that have been processed into different physical forms, termed decoction pieces, that are typically boiled in water for consumption. One CMM may have several decoction pieces forms, e.g., slices, small cubes (dice), or grains. The specifications that have different morphological parameters (shape, size and thickness) for these various decoction pieces have been developed over, in some cases, centuries of practice. Nevertheless, whether and how the form of decoction pieces affects the extraction (decoction) dynamics, and quality stability during storage has not been studied. Here, we investigated Poria cocos (PC) as a pilot study; we explore how the form of PC decoction pieces affects its chemistry using multidimensional chemical evaluation such as ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-QTOF-MS/MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS) and high performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector (HPGPC-CAD), combined with analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results indicated that different specifications had significant differences, and these specifications could be divided into four groups. The comprehensive results of the chemical analyses undertaken here indicate that the highest potentially available quality of PC decoction pieces was in the forms of curl, ultra-small grains and small grains, followed by thin slices. This information not only is conducive to promoting the standardization of the specification/form of PC decoction pieces and maximizing the benefits from its utilization, but also provide a promising strategy for assessing other CMM decoction pieces in different forms.
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Zou YT, Long F, Wu CY, Zhou J, Zhang W, Xu JD, Zhang YQ, Li SL. A dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in Poria cocos by comparing predicted and acquired UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS data. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2019; 30:292-310. [PMID: 30569602 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Triterpene acids from the dried sclerotia of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (poria) were recently found to possess anti-cancer activities. Identification of more triterpene acid analogues in poria is worthwhile for high throughput screening in anti-cancer drug discovery. OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient dereplication strategy for identifying triterpene acid analogues in poria based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). METHODOLOGY The structural characteristics and mass spectrometric data profiles of known triterpene acids previously reported in poria were used to establish a predicted-analogue database. Then, the quasi-molecular ions of components in a poria extract were automatically compared with those in the predicted-analogue database to highlight compounds of potential interest. Tentative structural identification of the compounds of potential interest and discrimination of isomers were achieved by assessing ion fragmentation patterns and chromatographic behaviour prediction based on structure-retention relationship. RESULTS A total of 62 triterpene acids were unequivocally or tentatively characterised from poria, among which 17 triterpene acids were tentatively identified for the first time in poria. CONCLUSION This study provided more structure information of triterpene acids in poria for future high throughput screening of anti-cancer candidates. It is suggested that this semi-automated approach in which MS data are automatically compared to a predictive database may also be applicable for efficient screening of other herbal medicines for structural analogues of proven bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ting Zou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye-Qing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Jin J, Zhou R, Xie J, Ye H, Liang X, Zhong C, Shen B, Qin Y, Zhang S, Huang L. Insights into Triterpene Acids in Fermented Mycelia of Edible Fungus Poria cocos by a Comparative Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071331. [PMID: 30987348 PMCID: PMC6479485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
As an edible sclerotia-forming fungus, Poria cocos is widely used as a food supplement and as a tonic in China. High-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) was applied to identify triterpene acids in fermented mycelia of P. cocos, as well as the epidermis and inner part of natural sclerotia. A total of 19 triterpene acids were identified in fermented mycelia, whereas 31 were identified in the epidermis and 24 in the inner part. Nine triterpene acids were quantitatively determined, and the concentrations of two valuable triterpenes, dehydropachymic acid and pachymic acid, reached 1.07 mg/g and 0.61 mg/g in the fermented mycelia part, respectively, and were both significantly higher than the concentration in the two natural parts. The fermented mycelia could be a good choice for producing some target triterpene compounds and functional foods through fermentation thanks to the high concentration of some triterpene acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Huixuan Ye
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Xuejuan Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Bingbing Shen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - You Qin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410013, China.
- 2011 Collaboration and Innovation Center for Digital Chinese Medicine in Hunan, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
- National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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Geographical Authentication of Macrohyporia cocos by a Data Fusion Method Combining Ultra-Fast Liquid Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071320. [PMID: 30987245 PMCID: PMC6479993 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrohyporia cocos is a medicinal and edible fungi, which is consumed widely. The epidermis and inner part of its sclerotium are used separately. M. cocos quality is influenced by geographical origins, so an effective and accurate geographical authentication method is required. Liquid chromatograms at 242 nm and 210 nm (LC242 and LC210) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of two parts were applied to authenticate the geographical origin of cultivated M. cocos combined with low and mid-level data fusion strategies, and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Data pretreatment involved correlation optimized warping and second derivative. The results showed that the potential of the chromatographic fingerprint was greater than that of five triterpene acids contents. LC242-FTIR low-level fusion took full advantage of information synergy and showed good performance. Further, the predictive ability of the FTIR low-level fusion model of two parts was satisfactory. The performance of the low-level fusion strategy preceded those of the single technique and mid-level fusion strategy. The inner parts were more suitable for origin identification than the epidermis. This study proved the feasibility of the data fusion of chromatograms and spectra, and the data fusion of different parts for the accurate authentication of geographical origin. This method is meaningful for the quality control of food and the protection of geographical indication products.
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Zhang G, Wang H, Xie W, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang C, Du Y, Huo C, Wang Q. Comparison of triterpene compounds of four botanical parts from Poria cocos (Schw.) wolf using simultaneous qualitative and quantitative method and metabolomics approach. Food Res Int 2019; 121:666-677. [PMID: 31108794 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine and dietary supplement. Its four parts including Poriae Cutis (PC), Rubra Poria (RP), White Poria (WP) and Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP) have different pharmacological effects and clinical applications. It is necessary to establish analytical platforms for differentiating the chemical composition of four botanical parts for the rational utilization. We established a simultaneous qualitative and quantitative method based on UHPLC-MS combined metabolomics approach to give an explanation of the distribution of triterpene compounds in four parts. Eight triterpene compounds were determined absolutely and a total of 51 triterpene compounds were tentatively identified in PCW. PC and PRP showed a quite clear discrimination by the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and twelve differential compounds were found. Four compounds including poricoic acid D, 16α-hydroxydehydrotrametenolic acid, 3-epidehydrotumulosic acid, 25-hydroxypolyporenic acid C were speculated to be related to diuretic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Wenyu Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Chunying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yingfeng Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Changhong Huo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Qian Q, Zhou N, Qi P, Zhang Y, Mu X, Shi X, Wang Q. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf extract in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:34-44. [PMID: 30366210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP), White Poria (WP), Rubra Poria (RP), and Poriae Cutis (PC), different parts of the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW), have possessed various pharmacological effects and clinical application. In the present study, a novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds in rat plasma and then was applied in the comparison of pharmacokinetic characteristics of PRP, WP, RP, and PC extracts. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of aqueous solution (containing 0.5‰ formic acid and 0.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and acetonitrile in gradient elution. Mass spectrometric of the analytes and internal standard (IS) were conducted in negative electrospray ionization with high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mode. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for the eight analytes were in the range of 2.00-20.16 ng/mL. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.993). The inter- and intra-batch precision and accuracy for the eight triterpene compounds were acceptable. The results indicated that the eight triterpene compounds displayed different pharmacokinetic characteristics in PRP, WP, RP, and PC, and that poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C and dehydropachymic acid may be the major bioactive compounds of PCW contributing to the diuretic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Correlation between Quality and Geographical Origins of Poria cocos Revealed by Qualitative Fingerprint Profiling and Quantitative Determination of Triterpenoid Acids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092200. [PMID: 30200284 PMCID: PMC6225149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PC) is a well-known saprophytic fungus, and its sclerotium without the epidermis (PCS) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine and as a functional food in many countries. PCS is normally collected from multiple geographical regions, but whether and how the quality of PCS correlates with where it grows have not been determined. This correlation could be significant both for quality control and optimum utilization of PCS as a natural resource. In this study, a qualitative fingerprint profiling method performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) combining quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS/MS) and a quantitative UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QqQ-MS/MS) approach were established to investigate whether and how the quality of PCS correlates with its collection location. A standard fingerprint of PCS was generated by median simulation of 25 tested samples collected from four main producing areas of China, and similarity analysis was applied to evaluate the similarities between the fingerprints of samples and the standard fingerprint. Twenty three common peaks occurring in the fingerprint were unequivocally or tentatively identified by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA), supervised orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were employed to classify 25 batches of PCS samples into four groups, which were highly consistent with the four geographical regions. Ten compounds were screened out as potential markers to distinguish the quality of PCS. Nine triterpene acids, including five compounds that played important roles in the clusters between different samples collected from the four collection locations, were simultaneously quantified by using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The current strategy not only clearly expounded the correlation between quality and geographical origins of PCS, but also provided a fast, accurate and comprehensive qualitative and quantitative method for assessing the quality of PCS.
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Feng G, Li S, Liu S, Song F, Pi Z, Liu Z. Targeted Screening Approach to Systematically Identify the Absorbed Effect Substances of Poria cocos in Vivo Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8319-8327. [PMID: 29985616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poria cocos are extensively used as nutritious food, dietary supplements, and oriental medicine in Asia. However, the effect substances are still not very clear. In this study, a targeted screening approach was developed to systematically identify absorbed constituents of Poria cocos in vivo using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry combined with UNIFI software. First, incubation reactions in vitro with rat intestinal microflora and rat liver microsomes were conducted to sum up metabolic rules of main constituents. Second, the absorbed constituents in vivo were picked out and identified based on the results of metabolic study in vitro. Finally, the absorbed active constituents in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease were screened by targeted network pharmacology analysis. A total of 62 absorbed prototypes and 59 metabolites were identified and characterized in dosed plasma. Thirty potential active constituents were screened, and 86 drug-targets shared by absorbed constituents and Alzheimer's disease were discovered by targeted network pharmacology analysis. In general, this proposed targeted strategy comprehensively provides new insight for active ingredients of Poria cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Shizhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
- College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
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Oh J, Yoon DH, Han JG, Choi HK, Sung GH. 1H NMR based metabolite profiling for optimizing the ethanol extraction of Wolfiporia cocos. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1128-1134. [PMID: 30174512 PMCID: PMC6117373 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolite profiling of Wolfiporia cocos (family: Polyporaceae) had been much advancement in recent days, and its analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become well established. However, the highly important trait of W. cocos still needs advanced protocols despite some standardization. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used as the multivariate statistical analysis of the 1H NMR data set. The PLS-DA model was validated, and the key metabolites contributing to the separation in the score plots of different ethanol W. cocos extract. 1H NMR spectroscopy of W. cocos identified 33 chemically diverse metabolites in D2O, consisting of 13 amino acids, 11 organic acids 2 sugars, 3 sugar alcohols, 1 nucleoside, and 3 others. Among these metabolites, the levels of tyrosine, proline, methionine, sarcosine, choline, acetoacetate, citrate, 4-aminobutyrate, aspartate, maltose, malate, lysine, xylitol, lactate threonine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, uridine, guanidoacetate, arabitol, mannitol, glucose, and betaine were increased in the 95% ethanol extraction sample compared with the levels in other samples, whereas level of acetate, phenylalanine, alanine, succinate, and fumarate were significantly increased in the 0% ethanol extraction sample. A biological triterpenoid, namely pachymic acid, was detected from different ethanol P. cocos extract using 1H-NMR spectra were found in CDCl3. This is the first report to perform the metabolomics profiling of different ethanol W. cocos extract. These researches suggest that W. cocos can be used to obtain substantial amounts of bioactive ingredients for use as potential pharmacological and nutraceuticals agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsang Oh
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Hyo Yoon
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Han
- Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Kyoon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors at: Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea (G.-H. Sung); College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea (H.-K. Choi)
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors at: Institute for Healthcare and Life Science, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea (G.-H. Sung); College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea (H.-K. Choi)
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