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Kilama J, Dahlen CR, Reynolds LP, Amat S. Contribution of the seminal microbiome to paternal programming. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:242-268. [PMID: 38696371 PMCID: PMC11327320 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease has primarily focused on maternal programming of offspring health. However, emerging evidence suggests that paternal factors, including the seminal microbiome, could potentially play important roles in shaping the developmental trajectory and long-term offspring health outcomes. Historically, the microbes present in the semen were regarded as inherently pathogenic agents. However, this dogma has recently been challenged by the discovery of a diverse commensal microbial community within the semen of healthy males. In addition, recent studies suggest that the transmission of semen-associated microbes into the female reproductive tract during mating has potentials to not only influence female fertility and embryo development but could also contribute to paternal programming in the offspring. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the seminal microbiota in both humans and animals followed by discussing their potential involvement in paternal programming of offspring health. We also propose and discuss potential mechanisms through which paternal influences are transmitted to offspring via the seminal microbiome. Overall, this review provides insights into the seminal microbiome-based paternal programing, which will expand our understanding of the potential paternal programming mechanisms which are currently focused primarily on the epigenetic modifications, oxidative stresses, and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kilama
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7520, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7630, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
| | - Samat Amat
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, NDSU Department 7520, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, USA
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2
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González-Domínguez Á, Jurado-Sumariva L, Domínguez-Riscart J, Saez-Benito A, González-Domínguez R. Parental obesity predisposes to exacerbated metabolic and inflammatory disturbances in childhood obesity within the framework of an altered profile of trace elements. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38238301 PMCID: PMC10796909 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of obesity is known to increase the odds of developing childhood obesity in the offspring, but its influence in underlying molecular complications remains unexplored. SUBJECTS/METHODS Here, we investigated a population-based cohort comprising children with obesity, with and without parental obesity (PO+, N = 20; PO-, N = 29), and lean healthy children as controls (N = 30), from whom plasma and erythrocyte samples were collected to characterize their multi-elemental profile, inflammatory status, as well as carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. RESULTS We found parental obesity to be associated with unhealthier outcomes in children, as reflected in increased blood insulin levels and reduced insulin sensitivity, unfavorable lipid profile, and pro-inflammatory milieu. This was accompanied by moderate alterations in the content of trace elements, including increased copper-to-zinc ratios and iron deficiency in circulation, as well as metal accumulation within erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we hypothesize that family history of obesity could be an important risk factor in modulating the characteristic multi-elemental alterations behind childhood obesity, which in turn could predispose to boost related comorbidities and metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lucía Jurado-Sumariva
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesús Domínguez-Riscart
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica y Diabetes, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ana Saez-Benito
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
- Unidad de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Raúl González-Domínguez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009, Cádiz, Spain.
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3
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Peel A, Saini A, Deluao JC, McPherson NO. Sperm DNA damage: The possible link between obesity and male infertility, an update of the current literature. Andrology 2023; 11:1635-1652. [PMID: 36789664 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity prevalence worldwide is increasing significantly. Whilst maternal obesity has clear detrimental impacts on fertility, pregnancy and foetal outcomes, more recently there has been an increasing focus on the role of paternal obesity in human fertility. Recent meta-analyses have indicated that obesity in men negatively affects basic sperm parameters such as sperm count, concentration and motility, increases the incidence of infertility and reduces the chances of conception. Sperm DNA damage, typically characterised by DNA strand breaks and oxidation of DNA nucleotides, is a specialised marker of sperm quality that has been independently associated with recurrent miscarriage, reduced assisted reproduction success and increased mutational loads in subsequent offspring. Whilst, there are still conflicting data in humans as to the association of obesity in men with sperm DNA damage, evidence from rodent models is clear, indicating that male obesity increases sperm DNA damage. Human data are often conflicting because of the large heterogeneity amongst studies, the use of body mass index as the indicator of obesity and the methods used for detection of sperm DNA damage. Furthermore, comorbidities of obesity (i.e., heat stress, adipokines, insulin resistance, changes in lipids, hypogonadism and obstructive sleep apnoea) are also independently associated with increased sperm DNA damage that is not always modified in men with obesity, and as such may provide a causative link to the discrepancies amongst human studies. In this review, we provide an update on the literature regarding the associations between obesity in men and fertility, basic sperm parameters and sperm DNA damage. We further discuss potential reasons for the discrepancies in the literature and outline possible direct and indirect mechanisms of increased sperm DNA damage resulting from obesity. Finally, we summarise intergenerational obesity through the paternal linage and how sperm DNA damage may contribute to the transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Peel
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Health and Medical School, School of Biomedicine, Discipline of Reproduction and Development, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anmol Saini
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Health and Medical School, School of Biomedicine, Discipline of Reproduction and Development, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joshua C Deluao
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Health and Medical School, School of Biomedicine, Discipline of Reproduction and Development, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole O McPherson
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Health and Medical School, School of Biomedicine, Discipline of Reproduction and Development, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Repromed IVF Adelaide, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
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4
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Zhang S, Lin T, Zhang Y, Liu X, Huang H. Effects of parental overweight and obesity on offspring's mental health: A meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276469. [PMID: 36548252 PMCID: PMC9778529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children of parents who were overweight/obese prior to pregnancy face a variety of neurodevelopmental challenges. The goal of this meta-analysis is to compile evidence about the impact of parental overweight/obesity on their children's mental health. METHODS The databases Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched until May 2022. The pooled effect size was calculated using the fixed and random effect models. We also performed I2 index, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, quality assessment, and publication bias analysis. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42022334408). RESULTS For maternal exposure (35 studies), both maternal overweight [OR 1.14 (95% CI 1.10,1.18)] and maternal obesity [OR 1.39 (95% CI (1.33, 1.45)] were significantly associated with offspring's mental disorders. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity increased the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.42,1.70)], autism spectrum disorder (ASD) [OR 1.37 (95% CI 1.22,1.55)], cognitive/intellectual delay [OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.21,1.63)], behavioral problems [OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.35,1.66)] and other mental diseases [OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.23,1.37)]. For paternal exposure (6 studies), paternal obesity [OR 1.17 (95% CI 1.06, 1.30)] but not overweight [OR 1.03 (95% CI 0.95,1.11)] was significantly associated with offspring's mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS Parental overweight/obesity might have negative consequences on offspring's mental health and pre-pregnancy weight control is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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5
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Effect of Paternal Diet on Spermatogenesis and Offspring Health: Focus on Epigenetics and Interventions with Food Bioactive Compounds. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102150. [PMID: 35631291 PMCID: PMC9143121 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a growing public health problem. Consumption of antioxidant bioactive food compounds (BFCs) that include micronutrients and non-nutrients has been highlighted as a potential strategy to protect against oxidative and inflammatory damage in the male reproductive system induced by obesity, alcohol, and toxicants and, thus, improve spermatogenesis and the fertility parameters. Paternal consumption of such dietary compounds could not only benefit the fathers but their offspring as well. Studies in the new field of paternal origins of health and disease show that paternal malnutrition can alter sperm epigenome, and this can alter fetal development and program an increased risk of metabolic diseases and breast cancer in adulthood. BFCs, such as ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, polyunsaturated fatty acids, trace elements, carnitines, N-acetylcysteine, and coenzyme Q10, have been shown to improve male gametogenesis, modulate epigenetics of germ cells, and the epigenetic signature of the offspring, restoring offspring metabolic health induced by stressors during early life. This indicates that, from a father’s perspective, preconception is a valuable window of opportunity to start potential nutritional interventions with these BFCs to maximize sperm epigenetic integrity and promote adequate fetal growth and development, thus preventing chronic disease in adulthood.
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6
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Zhang X, Hasan AA, Wu H, Gaballa MMS, Zeng S, Liu L, Xie L, Jung T, Grune T, Krämer BK, Kleuser B, Li J, Hocher B. High-fat, sucrose and salt-rich diet during rat spermatogenesis lead to the development of chronic kidney disease in the female offspring of the F2 generation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22259. [PMID: 35294083 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101789rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Effects of feeding male rats during spermatogenesis a high-fat, high-sucrose and high-salt diet (HFSSD) over two generations (F0 and F1) on renal outcomes are unknown. Male F0 and F1 rats were fed either control diet (F0CD+F1CD) or HFSSD (F0HD+F1HD). The outcomes were glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion in F1 and F2 offspring. If both outcomes were altered a morphological and molecular assessment was done. F2 offspring of both sexes had a decreased GFR. However, increased urinary albumin excretion was only observed in female F2 F0HD+F1HD offspring compared with controls. F0HD+F1HD female F2 offspring developed glomerulosclerosis (+31%; p < .01) and increased renal interstitial fibrosis (+52%; p < .05). RNA sequencing followed by qRT-PCR validation showed that four genes (Enpp6, Tmem144, Cd300lf, and Actr3b) were differentially regulated in the kidneys of female F2 offspring. lncRNA XR-146683.1 expression decreased in female F0HD+F1HD F2 offspring and its expression was (r = 0.44, p = .027) correlated with the expression of Tmem144. Methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region of the Cd300lf gene was increased (p = .001) in female F2 F0HD+F1HD offspring compared to controls. Promoter CpG island methylation rate of Cd300lf was inversely correlated with Cd300lf mRNA expression in F2 female offspring (r = -0.483, p = .012). Cd300lf mRNA expression was inversely correlated with the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in female F2 offspring (r = -0.588, p = .005). Paternal pre-conceptional unhealthy diet given for two generations predispose female F2 offspring to chronic kidney disease due to epigenetic alterations of renal gene expression. Particularly, Cd300lf gene promotor methylation was inversely associated with Cd300lf mRNA expression and Cd300lf mRNA expression itself was inversely associated with urinary albumin excretion in F2 female offspring whose fathers and grandfathers got a pre-conceptional unhealthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Hasan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohamed M S Gaballa
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Suimin Zeng
- The First Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yiyang, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Fifth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, China.,Institute of Medical Diagnostics, IMD Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Cheuquemán C, Maldonado R. Non-coding RNAs and chromatin: key epigenetic factors from spermatogenesis to transgenerational inheritance. Biol Res 2021; 54:41. [PMID: 34930477 PMCID: PMC8686607 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular fate and gene expression patterns are modulated by different epigenetic factors including non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and chromatin organization. Both factors are dynamic throughout male germ cell differentiation on the seminiferous tubule, despite the transcriptional inactivation in the last stages of spermatogenesis. Sperm maturation during the caput-to-cauda transit on the epididymis involves changes in chromatin organization and the soma-to-germ line transference of ncRNAs that are essential to obtain a functional sperm for fertilization and embryo development. Here, the male environment (diseases, drugs, mental stress) is crucial to modulate these epigenetic factors throughout sperm maturation, affecting the corresponding offspring. Paternal transgenerational inheritance has been directly related to sperm epigenetic changes, most of them associated with variations in the ncRNA content and chromatin marks. Our aim is to give an overview about how epigenetics, focused on ncRNAs and chromatin, is pivotal to understand spermatogenesis and sperm maturation, and how the male environment impacts the sperm epigenome modulating the offspring gene expression pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cheuquemán
- Núcleo de Ciencias Biológicas, Dirección de Núcleos Transversales, Facultad de estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Metabolic Fatty Liver Disease in Children: A Growing Public Health Problem. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121915. [PMID: 34944730 PMCID: PMC8698722 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously called nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), is one of the most important causes of chronic liver disease worldwide and will likely become the leading cause of end-stage liver disease in the decades ahead. MAFLD covers a continuum of liver diseases from fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Importantly, the growing incidence of overweight and obesity in childhood, 4% in 1975 to 18% in 2016, with persisting obesity complications into adulthood, is likely to be harmful by increasing the incidence of severe MAFLD at an earlier age. Currently, MAFLD is the leading form of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents, with a global prevalence of 3 to 10%, pointing out that early diagnosis is therefore crucial. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, risk factors and potential pathogenic mechanisms, as well as diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, of pediatric MAFLD.
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9
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Impact of intra-uterine life on future health. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2021; 83:54-58. [PMID: 34896342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the emergence of the concept of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), suggested by Barker in the 1980s, numerous epidemiological studies in humans have confirmed the relationship between maternal obesity during pregnancy and the risk of offspring developing various chronic adult illnesses. These effects of intrauterine life are independent of inheritance of disease susceptibility genes and/or socio-economic factors. Regarding potential mechanisms, recent data from animal models suggests a role of insulin resistance early in development. Another potential mechanism, in the case of maternal obesity, is increased placental nutrient transfer. The DOHaD concept also includes fetal exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs). A Danish group for the first time recently analyzed EED passage across the placenta in humans throughout pregnancy. This study showed different levels of bioaccumulation depending on the fetal organ, with greater vulnerability in male than female fetuses. Recent clinical studies suggested an association between fetal exposure to particular EEDs and precocious puberty, increased incidence of cryptorchidism and impaired sperm quality in adulthood. These modifications of the in-utero environment also appear to be responsible for epigenetic changes that are transmittable over several generations. A recent example of this is the demonstration of the transmission of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mice. In summary, an increasing number of examples of the impact of intrauterine life on the health of offspring have appeared in recent years, illustrating the important role that endocrinologists can play in preventing particular pathologies in future generations.
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10
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Laforest ME, Ward S, Landry LA, Mobetty F. The Relationship Between Paternal Preconception Obesity and Health Behaviors and Childhood Obesity: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e31254. [PMID: 34860672 PMCID: PMC8686461 DOI: 10.2196/31254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a global public health concern and is a priority for researchers and policy makers. To overcome the epidemic of obesity, influencing factors throughout the life span need to be addressed, including those in the preconception period. A better understanding of the association between paternal preconception factors and childhood obesity is important for public health interventions. Objective This systematic review will examine the relationship between paternal preconception obesity and health behaviors and their offspring’s overweight or obesity. Methods Peer-reviewed quantitative studies and grey literature that report associations between paternal preconception obesity and health behaviors—such as smoking, exercise, and eating habits—and childhood overweight and obesity will be identified through a computerized literature search in 7 databases. The quality of each study will be assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Characteristics of the included studies will be reported, and relevant findings from each paternal preconception exposure will be narratively synthesized. This review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. Results This systematic review is anticipated to begin in December 2021 and be completed by the end of August 2022. Conclusions This systematic review will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between preconception paternal exposures and their offspring’s overweight or obesity. Findings will help support health professionals working with prospective parents to educate fathers on the benefits of improving their weight and health behaviors during the preconception period. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/31254
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Laforest
- École de Science Infirmière, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et des Services Communautaires, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ward
- École des Sciences des Aliments, de Nutrition et d'Etudes Familiales, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et des Services Communautaires, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Liette-Andrée Landry
- École de Science Infirmière, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et des Services Communautaires, Université de Moncton, Campus de Shippagan, Shippagan, NB, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mobetty
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Retnakaran R, Wen SW, Tan H, Zhou S, Ye C, Shen M, Smith GN, Walker MC. Paternal weight prior to conception and infant birthweight: a prospective cohort study. Nutr Diabetes 2021; 11:28. [PMID: 34521807 PMCID: PMC8440552 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-021-00172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Previous studies have consistently demonstrated that maternal weight status both before and during pregnancy is associated with infant birthweight. However, a fundamental limitation across this literature remains that previous studies have not evaluated the concomitant impact of paternal weight at conception, owing to the paucity of studies in which fathers were assessed prior to pregnancy. Thus, we established a cohort of preconception couples to prospectively evaluate the associations of maternal and paternal weight prior to pregnancy with infant birthweight at delivery. METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study, 1292 newly-married women and their partners in Liuyang, China, were assessed at median of 23.3 weeks before a singleton pregnancy, thereby enabling concomitant assessment of preconception maternal and paternal body mass index (BMI) in relation to infant birthweight. RESULTS Mean birthweight was 3294 ± 450 g with 147 neonates (11.4%) born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and 94 (7.3%) small-for-gestational-age (SGA). After adjustment for maternal and paternal factors prior to conception (age, education, smoking, BMI, household income), length of gestation, total gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and infant sex, it was noted that infant birthweight increased by 42.2 g (95% CI 29.5-54.8; p < 0.0001) per unit increase in maternal pregravid BMI and 10.7 g (95% CI 0.5-20.9; p = 0.04) per unit increase in paternal pregravid BMI. Maternal pregravid BMI explained 6.2% of the variance in birthweight whereas paternal BMI explained only 0.7%. Independent predictors of LGA delivery were maternal pregravid BMI (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.50-2.44), maternal age (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.09-2.00), and gestational weight gain (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.40-2.30). Paternal pregravid BMI was not independently associated with LGA or SGA. CONCLUSION Paternal BMI prior to conception is associated with infant birthweight but only modestly so, in contrast to the dominant impact of maternal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Division of Endocrinology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Shi Wu Wen
- OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, ON, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongzhuan Tan
- School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujin Zhou
- Liuyang Municipal Hospital of Maternal and Child Health, Beizheng, Liuyang, China
| | - Chang Ye
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minxue Shen
- OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, ON, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Graeme N Smith
- Queen's Perinatal Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mark C Walker
- OMNI Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, ON, Ottawa, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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12
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Alberti A, Traebert J, Traebert E, Nodari Junior RJ, Comim CM. Association between gestational period and obesity in children with the use of dermatoglyphic traits: A preliminary study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257153. [PMID: 34499696 PMCID: PMC8428559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Events occurring during the gestational period can influence the development of diseases and conditions such as obesity. This study aimed to analyze the association between events occurring in the gestational period and the occurrence of obesity in children based on dermatoglyphic traits. The sample comprised 73 children born in 2009, living in Palhoça, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil, regularly enrolled in public and private schools in that municipality and who are participants of an ongoing major cohort study project called Coorte Brasil Sul. The results show predictive traits of obesity when comparing BMI and fingerprint groups. Obese male group, presented the figure Ulnar Loop (UL) in the right hand (MDT1) thumb and greater number of ridges in the (MDSQL1) right thumb the greater the BMI; likewise, the older the woman getting pregnant the greater the number of ridges that the child presented in the (MESQL2) left index finger and (MESQL1) right thumb. The results obtained infer the presence of predictive traits of BMI ranges and a possible association between the dermatoglyphic traits of children with obesity and late pregnancy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Alberti
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Traebert
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eliane Traebert
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rudy José Nodari Junior
- Postgraduate program in Biosciences and Health at University of the West of Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Martinelli Comim
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Southern University of Santa Catarina (PPGCS-UNISUL), Palhoça, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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13
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Consequences of Paternal Nutrition on Offspring Health and Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082818. [PMID: 34444978 PMCID: PMC8400857 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that the maternal diet during the periconceptional period affects the progeny’s health. A growing body of evidence suggests that the paternal diet also influences disease onset in offspring. For many years, sperm was considered only to contribute half of the progeny’s genome. It now appears that it also plays a crucial role in health and disease in offspring’s adult life. The nutritional status and environmental exposure of fathers during their childhood and/or the periconceptional period have significant transgenerational consequences. This review aims to describe the effects of various human and rodent paternal feeding patterns on progeny’s metabolism and health, including fasting or intermittent fasting, low-protein and folic acid deficient food, and overnutrition in high-fat and high-sugar diets. The impact on pregnancy outcome, metabolic pathways, and chronic disease onset will be described. The biological and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the transmission from fathers to their progeny will be discussed. All these data provide evidence of the impact of paternal nutrition on progeny health which could lead to preventive diet recommendations for future fathers.
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14
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Bodden C, Hannan AJ, Reichelt AC. Of 'junk food' and 'brain food': how parental diet influences offspring neurobiology and behaviour. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:566-578. [PMID: 33941448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles and mental health problems are increasingly prevalent globally. Not only are 'junk food'-induced overweight and obesity risk factors for the development of brain disorders but they are also associated intergenerationally with ill health. Here, we reflect on the current knowledge of how maternal and paternal diet influences offspring brain development and behaviour, potentially predisposing children to mental health problems. Mounting evidence indicates diet-induced maternal and paternal programming of infant metabolism and neurobehavioural function, with potential downstream effects on mental health and resilience. Beyond the central nervous system (CNS), the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as an important mediator of host physiology. We discuss how intergenerational seeding of the gut microbiome via parental lineage can influence offspring gut health and neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Bodden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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15
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Tarevnic R, Ornellas F, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA, Aguila MB. Maternal swimming mitigates liver damage caused by paternal obesity. Nutrition 2021; 86:111168. [PMID: 33601122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parents' lifestyle and nutrition can program offspring obesity in adulthood. We hypothesized that maternal swimming has beneficial effects on the adversity caused by paternal obesity on offspring. METHODS Twelve-week-old male C57 BL/6 J mice (fed a high-fat diet, obese father [ObFa], or control diet, lean father [LFa]) were mated with female mice fed only the control diet. Mothers were trained (TMo) or untrained (UMo): swimming for 6 wk before and the first 2 wk of gestation. Pups were fed only the control diet. RESULTS Fathers showed different body mass (BM) at copulation, but not the mothers. The ObFa had 20% higher BM than the LFa. Twelve-week-old ObFa/UMo offspring showed a higher BM gain than the LFa/UMo and ObFa/TMo. There was BM sexual dimorphism in the LFa/UMo (female mice +24% than male mice). There was hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the ObFa/UMo, but low glycemia and insulin levels were seen in the ObFa/TMo. There was augmented liver steatosis in the ObFa/UMo compared with the LFa/UMo, and the ObFa/TMo compared with the LFa/TMo, but reduced steatosis in the ObFa/TMo compared with the ObFa/UMo. In addition, lipogenic markers were more expressed and beta-oxidation markers less expressed in the ObFa/UMo compared with the LFa/UMo, but the opposite was observed in the ObFa/TMo compared with the ObFa/UMo. Proinflammatory markers were higher in the liver of the ObFa/UMo compared with the LFa/UMo and lower in the ObFa/TMo compared with the ObFa/UMo. CONCLUSIONS Obese fathers produced offspring that were overweight and had altered fasting glycemia and insulin sensitivity, leading to higher liver lipogenesis and inflammation, as well as lower beta-oxidation. The swimming mother mitigated these adverse effects in mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Tarevnic
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ornellas
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Yang Z, Li Y, Dong B, Gao D, Wen B, Ma J. Relationship between parental overweight and obesity and childhood metabolic syndrome in their offspring: result from a cross-sectional analysis of parent-offspring trios in China. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036332. [PMID: 33323427 PMCID: PMC7745332 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components are observed to emerge in childhood and may continue into adulthood. The study aimed to investigate the association between parental overweight and risk of childhood MS and its components in their offspring. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Chinese children and adolescents; a total of 11 784 children aged 7-18 years were included in this study; child outcomes were obtained from objective measurements and parental data were obtained from questionnaires; MS was defined according to the modified criteria of Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ; correlation between parental overweight and offspring MS was assessed via multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for potential covariates. RESULTS 3476 (29.5%) children were found to have overweight fathers, 1041 (8.8%) had overweight mothers and 852 (7.2%) had both overweight parents. The prevalence of MS was 7.1% in total, 8.2% in boys and 5.9% in girls; children with overweight parents had a higher prevalence of MS and its components (except for elevated glucose) compared with children with normal-weight parents. Children with overweight fathers, mothers and both parents had 2.17 times (95% CI: 1.65-2.85), 2.89 times (95% CI: 2.03-4.11) and 2.81 times (95% CI: 1.91-4.15) higher risk of MS, respectively. Children with overweight mothers were likely to have a higher risk of MS compared with children with overweight fathers. Parental overweight was positively correlated with higher risk of MS, abdominal obesity and low HDL-C both in boys and girls. CONCLUSION Parental overweight was strongly associated with increased risk of MS in their offspring, the risk was highest in children with both parents to be overweight. Maternal overweight seems to have a stronger correlation with offspring MS than paternal overweight. Parental overweight is one of the factors for identifying metabolic dysfunction risk in their offspring and other factors need to be considered as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogeng Yang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Overweight and obesity in Eastern Morocco: Prevalence and associated risk factors among high school students. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2020; 68:295-301. [PMID: 32896444 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents have become a major public health problem affecting most countries worldwide. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among public high school students in Eastern Morocco. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and May 2014 among a sample of 2271 students (1086 girls and 1185 boys). References from the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity reached 12.2% (14.2% in girls vs 10.4% in boys, P<0.01) and 3.0% (3.1% in girls vs 2.8% in boys), respectively. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity were urban residence (OR=1.76; [1.18-2.63]; P<0.01), father's income≥5000MAD (OR=1.32; [1.02-1.70]; P<0.05), father's overweight (including obesity) (OR=1.87; [1.38-2.54]; P<0.001) and female sex (OR=1.31; [1.02-1.68]; P<0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of overweight/obesity has reached an alarming rate among high school students in the Eastern region of Morocco. The findings of the present study suggest an urgent need to set up a strategy to prevent and combat this epidemic.
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18
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Rashid CS, Bansal A, Mesaros C, Bartolomei MS, Simmons RA. Paternal bisphenol A exposure in mice impairs glucose tolerance in female offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111716. [PMID: 32890688 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans are ubiquitously exposed bisphenol A (BPA), and epidemiological studies show a positive association between BPA exposure and diabetes risk, but the impact of parental exposure on offspring diabetes risk in humans is unknown. Our previous studies in mice show disruption of metabolic health upon maternal BPA exposure. The current study was undertaken to determine whether exposure in fathers causes adverse metabolic consequences in offspring. Male C57BL/6 J mice were exposed to BPA in the diet beginning at 5 weeks of age resulting in the following dietary exposure groups: Control (0 μg/kg/day), Lower BPA (10 μg/kg/day) and Upper BPA (10 mg/kg/day). After 12 weeks of dietary exposure, males were mated to control females. Mothers and offspring were maintained on the control diet. Post-pubertal paternal BPA exposure did not affect offspring body weight, body composition or glucose tolerance. However, when fathers were exposed to BPA during gestation and lactation, their female offspring displayed impaired glucose tolerance in the absence of compromised in vivo insulin sensitivity or reduced ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Male offspring exhibited normal glucose tolerance. Taken together, these studies show there is an early window of susceptibility in which paternal BPA exposure can cause sex-specific impairments in glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetewayo S Rashid
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amita Bansal
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; ANU Medical School, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca A Simmons
- Center for Research in Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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19
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Stock K, Nagrani R, Gande N, Bernar B, Staudt A, Willeit P, Geiger R, Knoflach M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. Birth Weight and Weight Changes from Infancy to Early Childhood as Predictors of Body Mass Index in Adolescence. J Pediatr 2020; 222:120-126.e3. [PMID: 32423681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the time point during infancy and early childhood at which greater than expected weight gain is associated with overweight in adolescence. STUDY DESIGN Current height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed in 1520 adolescents (mean age of boys, 15.52 ± 0.84 years; mean age of girls, 15.37 ± 0.77 years). Information on weight and height trajectories during infancy and early childhood (birth and 6 other time points) was extracted from mother-child booklets. Conditional relative weights were computed to estimate greater or lower than expected weight gain (ie, soft tissue gain at a specific age independent of linear growth), and their association with BMI in adolescence was investigated using linear regression analysis. RESULTS The mean BMI in adolescence was 21.77 ± 3.69 in boys and 21.70 ± 3.50 in girls. The proportion of overweight was 14.8% in each group. Overweight adolescents had significantly higher weight z-scores at birth, 1.2 month, 3.3 months, 7.6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 4 years of age as compared with normal-weight adolescents. There were significant positive associations of weight z-scores and conditional relative weights with adolescent BMI at all ages except birth, which were strongest after the first year of life. In a majority of overweight adolescents, overweight had manifested within the first 4 years of life. CONCLUSIONS Greater than expected weigh gain at any time in the first years of life is associated with an increased BMI in adolescence. The effect is strongest after the first year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Stock
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics III (Cardiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rajini Nagrani
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Nina Gande
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benoit Bernar
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Staudt
- Department of Pediatrics II (Neonatology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Pediatrics III (Cardiology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Bruneck, Bruneck, Italy
| | - Michael Knoflach
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Schellong K, Melchior K, Ziska T, Rancourt RC, Henrich W, Plagemann A. Maternal but Not Paternal High-Fat Diet (HFD) Exposure at Conception Predisposes for 'Diabesity' in Offspring Generations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4229. [PMID: 32545776 PMCID: PMC7345576 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
While environmental epigenetics mainly focuses on xenobiotic endocrine disruptors, dietary composition might be one of the most important environmental exposures for epigenetic modifications, perhaps even for offspring generations. We performed a large-scale rat study on key phenotypic consequences from parental (F0) high-caloric, high-fat diet (HFD) food intake, precisely and specifically at mating/conception, focusing on 'diabesity' risk in first- (F1) and second- (F2) generation offspring of both sexes. F0 rats (maternal or paternal, respectively) received HFD overfeeding, starting six weeks prior to mating with normally fed control rats. The maternal side F1 offspring of both sexes developed a 'diabesity' predisposition throughout life (obesity, hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance), while no respective alterations occurred in the paternal side F1 offspring, neither in males nor in females. Mating the maternal side F1 females with control males under standard feeding conditions led, again, to a 'diabesity' predisposition in the F2 generation, which, however, was less pronounced than in the F1 generation. Our observations speak in favor of the critical impact of maternal but not paternal metabolism around the time frame of reproduction for offspring metabolic health over generations. Such fundamental phenotypic observations should be carefully considered in front of detailed molecular epigenetic approaches on eventual mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Schellong
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Kerstin Melchior
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Thomas Ziska
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Rebecca C. Rancourt
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Division of ‘Experimental Obstetrics’, Clinic of Obstetrics, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (K.S.); (K.M.); (T.Z.); (R.C.R.)
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21
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Diaz EC, Cleves MA, DiCarlo M, Sobik SR, Ruebel ML, Thakali KM, Sims CR, Dajani NK, Krukowski RA, Børsheim E, Badger TM, Shankar K, Andres A. Parental adiposity differentially associates with newborn body composition. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12596. [PMID: 31856430 PMCID: PMC7367307 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity increases offspring's obesity risk. However, studies have not often considered maternal metabolic and exercise patterns as well as paternal adiposity as potential covariates. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between parental and newborn adiposity. METHODS Participants were mother-child pairs (n = 209) and mother-father-offspring triads (n = 136). Parental (during gestation) and offspring (2 weeks old) percent fat mass (FM) were obtained using air displacement plethysmography. Maternal race, age, resting energy expenditure (indirect calorimetry), physical activity (accelerometry), gestational weight gain (GWG), gestational age (GA), delivery mode, infant's sex and infant feeding method were incorporated in multiple linear regression analyses. The association between parental FM and offspring insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was assessed at age 2 years. RESULTS Maternal adiposity was positively-associated with male (β = 0.11, P = .015) and female (β = 0.13, P = .008) infant FM, whereas paternal adiposity was negatively-associated with male newborn adiposity (β = -0.09, P = .014). Breastfeeding, female sex, GA and GWG positively associated with newborn adiposity. Vaginal and C-section delivery methods associated with greater adiposity than vaginal induced delivery method. Plasma IGF-1 of 2-year-old boys and girls positively associated with their respective fathers' and mothers' FM. CONCLUSIONS Maternal and paternal adiposity differentially associate with newborn adiposity. The mechanisms of this finding remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva C. Diaz
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Mario A. Cleves
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Marisha DiCarlo
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | | | - Meghan L. Ruebel
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Keshari M. Thakali
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Clark R. Sims
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Nafisa K. Dajani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR
| | - Rebecca A. Krukowski
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Elisabet Børsheim
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Thomas M. Badger
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR.,Department of Pediatrics, Little Rock, AR
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22
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Bodden C, Hannan AJ, Reichelt AC. Diet-Induced Modification of the Sperm Epigenome Programs Metabolism and Behavior. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:131-149. [PMID: 31744784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Globally, obesity has reached epidemic proportions. The rapidly increasing numbers of overweight people can be traced back to overconsumption of energy-dense, poor-quality foods as well as physical inactivity. This development has far-reaching and costly implications. Not only is obesity associated with serious physiological and psychological complications, but mounting evidence also indicates a ripple effect through generations via epigenetic changes. Parental obesity could induce intergenerational and transgenerational changes in metabolic and brain function of the offspring. Most research has focused on maternal epigenetic and gestational effects; however, paternal contributions are likely to be substantial. We focus on the latest advances in understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance of obesity-evoked metabolic and neurobiological changes through the paternal germline that predict wide-ranging consequences for the following generation(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Bodden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 VIC, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 VIC, Australia.
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 VIC, Australia; BrainsCAN, Western Interdisciplinary Research Building, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, N6A 3K7 ON, Canada
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23
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Oxidative stress: Normal pregnancy versus preeclampsia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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24
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Swanson GM, Estill M, Diamond MP, Legro RS, Coutifaris C, Barnhart KT, Huang H, Hansen KR, Trussell JC, Coward RM, Zhang H, Goodrich R, Krawetz SA. Human chromatin remodeler cofactor, RNA interactor, eraser and writer sperm RNAs responding to obesity. Epigenetics 2020; 15:32-46. [PMID: 31354029 PMCID: PMC6961666 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1644880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States almost 33% of adults are considered obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). Both animal models and to a lesser extent human studies, have associated BMI, a measure of obesity, with alterations in sperm DNA methylation and RNAs. Sperm RNAs from the Assessment of Multiple Gestations from Ovarian Stimulation trial, were isolated and sequenced. A Generalized Linear Model identified 487 BMI associated human sperm RNA elements (short exon-sized sequences). They partitioned into four patterns; a continual increase with BMI, increase once obese (BMI>30 kg/m2); a steady decrease with BMI; and decrease once overweight (BMI 25 - 30 kg/m2). Gene Ontology revealed a unique relationship between BMI and transcripts associated with chromosome organization, adipogenesis, cellular stress and obesity-related inflammation. Coregulatory networks linked by Chromatin remodeler cofactors, RNA interactors, Erasers and Writers (CREWs) were uncovered to reveal a hierarchical epigenetic response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace M. Swanson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Molly Estill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Richard S. Legro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, USA
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kurt T. Barnhart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Karl R. Hansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - J. C. Trussell
- Urology Department, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - R. Matthew Coward
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Robert Goodrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | - Stephen A. Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
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Sex-linked changes and high cardiovascular risk markers in the mature progeny of father, mother, or both father and mother consuming a high-fructose diet. Nutrition 2019; 71:110612. [PMID: 31785517 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to observe the developmental origins of health and disease affecting offspring owing to the consumption of a diet containing high fructose by the father or mother or both, considering that progeny only received a control diet during postnatal life. METHODS Male (future father) and female (future mother) C57 BL/6 mice were fed a high-fructose diet (HFru; 45% energy) or a control diet (C) for 8 wk before mating until lactation. The offspring was termed according to sex, maternal diet (first acrostic), and paternal diet (second acrostic); and received a balanced control diet until 3-mo of age when they were sacrificed. Body mass (BM), plasmatic leptin, adiponectin, uric acid, and systolic blood pressure (BP) were measured in mature offspring. RESULTS Fasting glycemia and insulin were elevated in HFru fathers and mothers. Although there was no change in BM, fasting glycemia, or insulin of the offspring, those of HFru fathers, HFru mothers, and HFru fathers and mothers presented higher genital fat pad, leptin, uric acid, and BP, and lower adiponectin. The values of leptin and BP were maximized when both parents consumed a HFru diet. Also, there was sexual dimorphism in most of the variables, with the male offspring being affected to a greater extent than the females. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a fructose-rich diet by the father, the mother, or both negatively affected the adipokines, BP, and uric acid concentrations of mature offspring, with males being more affected than females. It is significant to consider that high BP and plasmatic uric acid correspond to markers of elevated cardiovascular risk in the progeny.
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Campbell JM, McPherson NO. Influence of increased paternal BMI on pregnancy and child health outcomes independent of maternal effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:511-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Alberti A, Kupek E, Comim CM, Rossoni C, Ruiz Reyes MA, Aparecida De Jesus J, Grigollo LR, Becker da Silva B, Duarte Dos Santos U, Souza R, Fin G, Baretta E, Nodari Júnior RJ. Dermatoglyphical impressions are different between children and adolescents with normal weight, overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2019; 8:964. [PMID: 32676182 PMCID: PMC7331104 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19471.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a health condition that causes a great impact on public health. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dermatoglyphic characteristics and excessive weight in children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years in the center-west region of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: The sample comprised of 2,172 children and adolescents aged 10 to 19 years old of both sexes and from public and private teaching networks. Results: The results suggested a predictive marker of obesity, with a greater number of lines in left hand finger two (Mesql2) and a higher frequency of the whorl pattern in participants of a healthy weight, while the overweight group had a higher frequency of the radial loop pattern and the obese group had a higher frequency of the ulnar loop pattern. Conclusion: It was concluded that there may be different dermatoglyphic characteristics depending on the nutritional status of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Alberti
- Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Palhoça, Santa Catarina, 88132-270, Brazil
| | - Emil Kupek
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Carina Rossoni
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, 89600-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Renan Souza
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, 89600-000, Brazil
| | - Gracielle Fin
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, 89600-000, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Baretta
- Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, 89600-000, Brazil
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Beneficial effects of maternal swimming during pregnancy on offspring metabolism when the father is obese. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:502-506. [PMID: 30560765 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the impact of maternal exercise training on the offspring metabolism and body size caused by father obesity. C57BL/6 male 4-week-old mice were fed a high-fat diet (HF father) or control diet (C father), while equal age female mice were fed only a C diet and were separated into two groups: trained (T mother) and non-trained (NT mother), and at 12 weeks of age mice were mated. A continuous swimming protocol was applied for 10 weeks (before and during gestation), and offspring were followed since weaning until sacrifice (at 12 weeks of age). HF father, compared to C father, showed obesity, elevated total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), and glucose intolerance. Both sexes HF/NT offspring showed hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and high levels of TC and TG, without obesity. However, HF/T offspring showed data close to C/NT, demonstrating the beneficial effect of maternal exercise in the offspring of obese fathers.
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29
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Liver metabolism in adult male mice offspring: consequences of a maternal, paternal or both maternal and paternal high-fructose diet. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 9:450-459. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174418000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the consequences of the consumption of a high-fructose diet (HFR; fructose was responsible for 45% of the energy from carbohydrates) by the mother, the father, or both on C57BL/6 adult male offspring. Non-consanguineous parents received the diet (HFR or control, C) from 8 weeks before mating until weaning (n=10 fathers and n=10 mothers on each diet). After weaning, only the C diet was offered to offspring. The groups were formed by one male randomly taken from each litter. The offspring groups were identified according to the mother’s diet (the first letter), then the father’s diet (the second letter), that is, C/C, C/HFR, HFR/C, HFR/HFR (n=10 per group). The parents exhibited the following characteristics: compared with those of the C group, the HFR parents had higher blood pressure (BP), enlarged liver, increased hepatic triacylglycerol content, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high plasma leptin and low adiponectin. The offspring exhibited the following characteristics: compared with the C/C group, the HFR/HFR group had high BP. The C/HFR, HFR/C and HFR/HFR showed elevated uric acid and leptin levels and diminished adiponectin. The HFR/HFR group showed liver inflammation (increased NFκB, SOCS3, JNK, TNF-α, IL1-β and IL6 levels). Likewise, SREBP-1c and FAS were upregulated. In conclusion, the consumption of a HFR by the mother and/or father is associated with adverse effects on liver metabolism in adult male offspring. When both mother and father are fed a HFR, the adverse effects on the offspring are more severe.
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