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Stehr P, Reifegerste D, Rossmann C, Caspar K, Schulze A, Lindemann AK. Effective communication with caregivers to prevent unintentional injuries in children under seven years. A systematic review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2022; 105:2721-2730. [PMID: 35537900 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review systematically examines the theory base and effectiveness of communication strategies (i.e., message content, message attributes, communication channels, and communicators) of interventions for caregivers to prevent unintentional child injuries. METHODS Relevant articles were searched in the databases Communication and Mass Media Complete, PsycInfo, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, the journal Injury Prevention, and the literature of included studies. A total of 71 articles reporting 67 different studies were included and fully coded. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Coded categories and their frequencies are described, and the effectiveness of different communication strategies is explored with crosstabs. RESULTS Only 17 studies stated the use of a specific theory base; Precaution Adoption Process-Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Health Belief Model were most often used. The message content of most studies aimed at knowledge dissemination; however, addressing behavioral determinants, such as risk perception and self-efficacy, was more effective. About half of the studies did not elaborate on message attributes; calls to action, exemplars, and tailoring were most often used, the latter being most effective. Communication channels ranged from printed products to face-to-face communication and digital media. In addition, studies specifying interpersonal communicators were highly effective. CONCLUSION The results of the review suggest that the following aspects can contribute to effective communication in child injury prevention: theory-based communication, addressing broad knowledge and further behavioral determinants, digital tailoring, and health professionals as communicators. However, a conclusive statement on the effectiveness of different communication strategies is hampered by the fact that they are not specified and/or confounded in many studies. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Communication strategies should be theory based and address, in addition to knowledge, behavioral determinants such as risk perception and self-efficacy. Moreover, digital tailoring is an advanced way of enhancing effectiveness and health professionals, such as pediatricians and clinic staff, are important multipliers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stehr
- Department of Media and Communication, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | - Katja Caspar
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Annett Schulze
- Department Risk Communication, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Lindemann
- Department Risk Communication, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Tabur A. Unintentional Accidents in the 0-6 Age Group: Evidence from Turkey. EURASIAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/eajem.galenos.2020.09821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Bou-Karroum L, El-Jardali F, Jabbour M, Harb A, Fadlallah R, Hemadi N, Al-Hajj S. Preventing Unintentional Injuries in School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics 2022; 149:186944. [PMID: 35503333 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Unintentional injuries constitute the leading causes of death and long-term disabilities among children aged 5 to 15 years. We aimed to systematically review published literature on interventions designed to prevent unintentional injuries among school-aged children. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, and PsycINFO and screened the reference lists of included studies and relevant reviews. We included randomized controlled trials, controlled before-and-after studies, and interrupted time series studies. The focus of included studies was on primary prevention measures. Two reviewers collected data on type of study design, setting, population, intervention, types of injuries, outcomes assessed, and statistical results. RESULTS Of 30 179 identified studies, 117 were included in this review. Most of these studies were conducted in high-income countries and addressed traffic-related injuries. Evidence from included studies reveals that multicomponent educational interventions may be effective in improving safety knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in school-aged children mainly when coupled with other approaches. Laws/legislation were shown to be effective in increasing cycle helmet use and reducing traffic-related injury rates. Findings reveal the relevance of infrastructure modification in reducing falls and improving pedestrian safety among children. CONCLUSIONS Additional studies are needed to evaluate the impact of unintentional injury prevention interventions on injury, hospitalizations, and mortality rates and the impact of laws and legislation and infrastructure modification on preventing unintentional injuries among school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Bou-Karroum
- Department of Health Management and Policy.,Knowledge to Policy Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Fadi El-Jardali
- Department of Health Management and Policy.,Knowledge to Policy Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathilda Jabbour
- Department of Health Management and Policy.,Knowledge to Policy Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Aya Harb
- Department of Health Management and Policy.,Knowledge to Policy Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Racha Fadlallah
- Department of Health Management and Policy.,Knowledge to Policy Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut
| | - Nour Hemadi
- Department of Health Management and Policy.,Knowledge to Policy Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut
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Bezerra MAR, Rocha RC, Rocha KNDS, Moura DFS, Christoffel MM, Souza IEDO, Rocha SSD. Death of children by domestic accidents: unveiling the maternal experience. Rev Bras Enferm 2022; 75:e20210435. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objectives: to unveil the meanings of mothers whose children died as a result of domestic accidents in childhood. Methods: a qualitative research, in the light of Heideggerian phenomenology, with ten mothers whose children died from domestic accidents. It was carried out in a municipality of the Northeast Region of Brazil through phenomenological interviews between May and June 2017. The existential analytic was constituted by the comprehensive moments of the Heideggerian method. Results: the meanings unveiled pointed out that, to understand the sudden death of her child, the mother oscillates between feeling guilty, pointing and denying guilt. She reports emptiness, permanent pain, non-acceptance of her child’s death, and the desire to keep him in her life. In this journey, the fear that brings limitations to her life and that of her other children is revealed. Final Considerations: it was revealed that the death of the child in infancy compromises the integrality of being a mother, indicating the need for systematic and continuous care for the adequate management of the emotional and social effects.
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Anderson JL, Oliveira J E Silva L, Funni SA, Bellolio F, Jeffery MM. Epidemiology of paediatric pain-related visits to emergency departments in the USA: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046497. [PMID: 34400448 PMCID: PMC8370556 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of paediatric pain-related visits to emergency departments (EDs) across the USA. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A representative sample of US ED visits using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). PARTICIPANTS Paediatric (age ≤18 years) ED visits in the 2017 NHAMCS data set. DATA ANALYSIS Each visit was coded as pain-related or non-pain-related using the 'reason for visit' variable. Weighted proportions were calculated with 95% CIs. Logistic regression was used to compare odds of pain-related visits. OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of pain-related visits among paediatric ED visits. RESULTS There were an estimated 35 million paediatric ED visits in the USA in 2017, 55.6% (CI 53.3% to 57.8%) were pain related, which equates to 19.7 million annual visits. The prevalence of pain-related visits reached more than 50% of visits at age 6-7 and plateaued at relatively high proportions. Children of races other than white or black had lower odds of having a pain-related visit (OR 0.48, CI 0.29 to 0.81) than white children, as did children who were black, though the difference was not statistically significant (OR 0.88, CI 0.73 to 1.06). Relative to children covered by private insurance, children with Medicaid or CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program) coverage had lower odds of a pain-related visit (OR 0.75, CI 0.60 to 0.93). Injuries represented 46.5% (CI 42.0% to 51.0%) of pain-related visits. Pain scores were reported in less than 50% of pain-related visits. CONCLUSION Pain is the reason for visit in 55.6% of paediatric ED visits across the USA. The prevalence of pain-related visits peak before adolescence and it continues relatively high until the age 18. Injury, racial disparities in pain and poor pain score reporting should remain major topics of study in the paediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L Anderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Shealeigh A Funni
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fernanda Bellolio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Molly Moore Jeffery
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Hendaus MA, Saleh M, Darwish S, Mostafa O, Eltayeb A, Al-Amri M, Siddiqui FJ, Alhammadi A. Parental perception of medications safe storage in the State of Qatar. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2969-2973. [PMID: 34660433 PMCID: PMC8483110 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1259_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify parental perception of household medication storage. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study utilizing a questionnaire was carried out at Hamad Medical Corporation, the solely tertiary pediatric hospital in the State of Qatar at the time of the study. Qatar is a young developing country with limited data on the awareness of medication storage among adults with children at home and on the safety practices regarding medication storage. RESULTS Three hundred and five questionnaires were completed. The vast majority of parents were married, one-third of them were males, and more than three quarters were college graduates and younger than 40 years of age. Almost 80% of the parents had more than three children but less than seven. In addition, 23% of participants were health-care workers. Almost 90% of the participants stored medications in a place that is easy to reach. However, the same percentage stated that those medications were stored in a locked place and that children did not have access to them. Approximately 10% of caregivers store multiple medications in one bottle, and the same percentage of participants do not check the expiration date on the medication labels. In terms of the most common medications stored at home, antihypertensives were on top of the list. Our study has shown that parental education and being a health-care worker were each associated with the difficulty in reaching medications (P = 0.006 and P = 0.011, respectively). Moreover, the percentage of participants who shared medications was significantly higher among those who were not working in the health-care section compared to those who were (P = 0.004). In addition, being a female parent and a college graduate was associated with the possibility of keeping excess or leftover medications at home (P = 0.025). CONCLUSION Parents residing in the State of Qatar have some deficiencies in knowledge about medication storage. Parent's attitudes and perceptions are deemed vital objectives for population's health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hendaus
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manar Saleh
- Department of Medical Education. Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shereen Darwish
- Department of Medical Education. Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Mostafa
- Department of Medical Education. Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Education. Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Al-Amri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ahmed Alhammadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Academic General Pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Holla R, Darshan BB, Unnikrishnan B, Kumar N, Sinha A, Thapar R, Mithra PP, Kulkarni V, Ganapathy A, Kotian H. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Reducing Unintentional Childhood Injuries: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:537-541. [PMID: 33612490 PMCID: PMC8253681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting child safety and reducing unintentional childhood injuries. METHODS This cluster randomized trial with 1:1 allocation of clusters to intervention and control arm was conducted in the public and private schools of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, over a period of 10 months. Study participants included children from standard 5-7 in schools selected for the study. 10 schools that could accommodate 1100 students each, were randomly allocated to the interventional and control arm. A comprehensive child safety and injury prevention module was developed based on the opinions of school teachers through focus group discussions. This module was periodically taught to the students of intervention arm by the teachers. The children in control arm did not receive any intervention. Outcome was assessed by determining the incidence of unintentional injuries and type of injuries from the questionnaire used at the baseline, and at the end of three, six, and ten months. RESULTS Unintentional injuries declined progressively from baseline until the end of the study in both the interventional arm (from 52.9% to 2.5%) and control arm (from 44.7% to 32%) [AOR (95% CI) 0.458 (0.405-0.518); P value <0.001]. The decline in incidence of injuries in the interventional arm was higher than that in the control arm (50.4% vs 12.7%; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS School based educational intervention using child safety and injury prevention modules is effective in reducing unintentional injuries among school children over a 10-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka. Correspondence to: Dr Ramesh Holla, Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka, India.
| | - B B Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
| | - Anju Sinha
- Division of Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
| | - P Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
| | - Archana Ganapathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
| | - Himani Kotian
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore (Manipal Academy of Higher Education), Karnataka
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Myers V, Malkin G, Nir N, Orr D, Baron-Epel O. Evaluation of an intervention to reduce child injury in Bedouin communities in Southern Israel. Inj Prev 2021; 28:38-42. [PMID: 33712540 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-044013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child injury is particularly prevalent in low socioeconomic populations and minorities. In Israel, Bedouin children exhibit high rates of injuries and death. A multifaceted community intervention to reduce injury in children in and around the home was run in nine Bedouin communities in Southern Israel during 2014-2018. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the intervention on injuries among children aged 0-4 by comparing emergency room (ER) visits and hospitalisations before and after the intervention. METHODS Child injury data (ages 0-4, 5-17) for 2013-2018 were obtained from Soroka Medical Center, including ER visits and hospitalisations. Further data on reason for hospitalisation and injury severity score (ISS) were obtained from the National Centre for Trauma Research for 2011-2018. Reach was assessed by calculating the per cent of participants from the total relevant population in each town. Poisson regression was used to assess change over time, from preintervention (2013) to postintervention (2018). RESULTS A high proportion of educational institutions took part in the intervention, and around 20% of relevant households received a home visit (n=6334). There was a significant reduction in ER visits (7.6%) in children aged 0-4 in 2018 compared with 2013. Hospitalisations did not decrease significantly, although the number of admissions for burns and falls was reduced significantly at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This multifaceted intervention programme resulted in reduced injury in children aged 0-4 years in the Bedouin community. The use of simultaneous multiple intervention methods was effective in increasing child safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Myers
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gali Malkin
- Beterem Safe Kids Israel, Petah Tikva, Central, Israel
| | - Natalie Nir
- Beterem Safe Kids Israel, Petah Tikva, Central, Israel
| | - Daniella Orr
- Beterem Safe Kids Israel, Petah Tikva, Central, Israel
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Holla R, Darshan BB, Unnikrishnan B, Kumar N, Sinha A, Thapar R, Mithra PP, Kulkarni V, Ganapathy A, Kotian H. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Reducing Unintentional Childhood Injuries: A Cluster Randomized Trial. Indian Pediatr 2021. [PMID: 33612490 PMCID: PMC8253681 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-021-2236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions in promoting child safety and reducing unintentional childhood injuries. Methods This cluster randomized trial with 1:1 allocation of clusters to intervention and control arm was conducted in the public and private schools of Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka, over a period of 10 months. Study participants included children from standard 5–7 in schools selected for the study. 10 schools that could accommodate 1100 students each, were randomly allocated to the interventional and control arm. A comprehensive child safety and injury prevention module was developed based on the opinions of school teachers through focus group discussions. This module was periodically taught to the students of intervention arm by the teachers. The children in control arm did not receive any intervention. Outcome was assessed by determining the incidence of unintentional injuries and type of injuries from the questionnaire used at the baseline, and at the end of three, six, and ten months. Results Unintentional injuries declined progressively from baseline until the end of the study in both the interventional arm (from 52.9% to 2.5%) and control arm (from 44.7% to 32%) [AOR (95% CI) 0.458 (0.405–0.518); P value <0.001]. The decline in incidence of injuries in the interventional arm was higher than that in the control arm (50.4% vs 12.7%; P <0.001). Conclusion School based educational intervention using child safety and injury prevention modules is effective in reducing unintentional injuries among school children over a 10-month period.
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Development and Effects of a Mobile Application for Safety Incident Prevention among Hospitalized Korean Children: A pilot Study of Feasibility and Acceptability. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 51:e69-e76. [PMID: 31672260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the development, feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of a safety incident prevention program using the Safe Kids Hospital (SKH) application (app) among hospitalized Korean children aged 3-6 years. DESIGN AND METHODS Through a literature review of studies on the development of mobile apps for child safety education, reference to educational apps on YouTube, and discussions among the research team, the SKH, a 2D game-based learning app, was developed. The SKH makes use of hospital pictures from the Hospital Safe Scale-Kids (HSS-Kids) test, a structured pictorial questionnaire that measures hospitalized children's safety awareness. This study was a pilot test of the SKH app in an urban Korean medical center. A one-group pre-posttest design was used to evaluate the effect of the SKH app among 30 child-caregiver (parent or grandparent) pairs using the HSS-Kids. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore participants' experiences related to using the app. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed with t-test and content analysis, respectively. RESULTS The mean age of the children was 4.5 years. Their level of safety awareness increased after the safety incident prevention program using the SKH app (M = 17.80, 24.53; t = 6.275, p < 0.001). Participants considered the app easy to use and a fun way of learning, expressing overall satisfaction with the education program. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of the SKH app were established. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The SKH app is a promising educational method in pediatric settings.
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Santos DF, Silveira MPT, Camargo AL, Matijasevich A, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Bertoldi AD. Unsafe storage of household medicines: results from a cross-sectional study of four-year-olds from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort (Brazil). BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:235. [PMID: 31319811 PMCID: PMC6639903 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unintentional child poisoning represents a significant public health problem across the globe, placing a substantial burden on health services emergency departments. Around the world, every year, thousands of children die as a result of physical injuries, most of which involve children under 5 years old. Medicines are the main products involved in poisoning, and children under 5 years old are the most vulnerable age group. The objective of this study was to measure the prevalence of unsafe storage of medicines in households with a 4-year-old child. METHODS We used data from the follow-up of 4-year-old in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study in Brazil (N = 3799). "Unsafe storage" was considered present when medicines were stored unlocked and within reach of children (at a height below the eye level of the average adult). Independent variables included maternal and family socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the child's health care. All information was collected during household interviews with the mothers using a standardized questionnaire. The overall prevalence rate with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and the prevalence associated with various independent variables were determined. RESULTS The storage of medicines in unlocked areas was reported by 80.9% of the mothers, and, within reach of children for 26.5%. The overall prevalence rate of unsafe storage of medicines was 21.4% (20.1-22.7%). The main storage locations used were the kitchen (57.0%) and bedroom (53.3%). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that medicines were unsafely stored in a 21.4% number of homes, which can contribute to the vulnerability of children to poisoning from medicines. To minimize this risk, education about the safe storage of medicines should be reinforced by health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delba Fonseca Santos
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG Brazil
| | - Marysabel Pinto Telis Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160, Centro CEP 96020-220, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Aline Lins Camargo
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Alicia Matijasevich
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Iná Silva Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Aluísio J. D. Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS Brazil
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Chisholm E, Pierse N, Davies C, Howden-Chapman P. Promoting health through housing improvements, education and advocacy: Lessons from staff involved in Wellington's Healthy Housing Initiative. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:7-15. [PMID: 30920685 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Improving the conditions of housing through programs that trigger when children are hospitalised has the potential to prevent further ill-health and re-hospitalisations. Exploring the attitudes and beliefs of staff involved in such a program assists in understanding the advantages and challenges of this approach. METHODS We interviewed 21 people involved in a regional initiative to improve the health outcomes of children through referral to a housing program. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were subsequently subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants identified a number of factors that were key to the success of the program, such as: visiting the home, having health and energy organisations work together, and an integrated approach that includes interventions as well as education and advocacy. Key challenges to the program's aim of improving health outcomes for children were landlords' reluctance to implement improvements, homeowners' inability to afford improvements, limitations to staff resources, and client stress and income constraints, which meant that some interventions did not necessarily lead to housing improvements. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to improve health outcomes through housing interventions should be supported by funding and regulatory initiatives that encourage property owners to implement recommended interventions. SO WHAT?: This program represents an encouraging step towards health promotion through housing interventions and education. However, the initiative cannot fully counter structural challenges such as poor quality housing, and lack of housing and energy affordability. This study highlights the potential for a holistic approach to health promotion in housing, which integrates health initiatives with advocacy for regulatory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Chisholm
- He Kainga Oranga, The Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nevil Pierse
- He Kainga Oranga, The Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl Davies
- Tū Kotahi Māori Asthma Trust, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Philippa Howden-Chapman
- He Kainga Oranga, The Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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Chisholm E, Keall M, Bennett J, Marshall A, Telfar-Barnard L, Thornley L, Howden-Chapman P. Why don't owners improve their homes? Results from a survey following a housing warrant-of-fitness assessment for health and safety. Aust N Z J Public Health 2019; 43:221-227. [PMID: 30958630 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess homeowners' intentions to make voluntary improvements to their homes following a warrant-of-fitness (WOF) assessment to highlight health and safety issues. METHODS We recruited 83 homeowners, including nine landlords, in Taranaki, New Zealand, who agreed to have a WOF assessment carried out on their homes. We interviewed 40 of the homeowners to ascertain what improvements they planned to make, and barriers to improving their homes. RESULTS Of the 83 properties, 76 (92%) failed the WOF. Of the 40 interview participants, 31 (76%) had addressed or planned to address at least one of the identified issues with the home. Participants were least likely to address identified issues with security stays on windows, and absence of ground vapour barrier. Reasons for not addressing identified issues included cost, and a belief that making the improvement would not benefit health and safety. CONCLUSIONS Information about housing defects appears insufficient to encourage people to make improvements to their homes to meet a specified health and safety standard. Implications for public health: Better understanding of how particular housing defects pose a risk for health and safety, and provision of funding support in some cases, may encourage people to invest in safer, healthier homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Chisholm
- He Kainga Oranga, the Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Michael Keall
- He Kainga Oranga, the Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Julie Bennett
- He Kainga Oranga, the Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Lucy Telfar-Barnard
- He Kainga Oranga, the Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Louise Thornley
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Philippa Howden-Chapman
- He Kainga Oranga, the Housing and Health Research Programme, Department of Public Health, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Nascimento EN, Gimeniz-Paschoal SR, Sebastião LT. Prevention of domestic child accidents: an educational intervention conducted by Speech Therapy trainees in a Family Health Care Unit. REVISTA CEFAC 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0216/201921517018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to check the effect of an educational intervention on the prevention of domestic child accidents, carried out by Speech Therapy trainees. Methods: an interventional research that uses primary research data. The action was done by two interns of Speech Therapy with 30 caregivers of children who attended a Family Health Unit. For the carrying out of the educational intervention, two pictures with images which represented objects and situations of risk of accidents were used. Two interview scripts were elaborated, which allowed to identify the caregivers’ personal data and their knowledge about the risks of child accidents in the domestic environment before and after carrying out of the educational intervention. Results: before the educational action, the caregivers identified 187 situations for child accidents, and after the intervention, 215 dangers were identified. Among the 30 caregivers who participated, 23 had significant changes in their answers and seven did not have any change in their knowledge. The main change was in relation to "Accidental poisoning-intoxication by exposure to harmful chemicals" and "The impact caused by an object thrown, projected or falling". Conclusion: the intervention promoted an increase in the participants’ correct reports, and it can be incorporated to the actions of accidents prevention carried out by the trainees and professionals of Speech Therapy who work in basic healthcare.
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