1
|
Konzok J, Gorski M, Winkler TW, Baumeister SE, Warrier V, Leitzmann MF, Baurecht H. Child maltreatment as a transdiagnostic risk factor for the externalizing dimension: a Mendelian randomization study. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02700-8. [PMID: 39174650 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that child maltreatment increases the risk of externalizing spectrum disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), conduct disorder (CD), antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), and substance use disorder (SUD). Yet, only few of such associations have been investigated by approaches that provide strong evidence for causation, such as Mendelian Randomization (MR). Establishing causal inference is essential given the growing recognition of gene-environment correlations, which can confound observational research in the context of childhood maltreatment. Evaluating causality between child maltreatment and the externalizing phenotypes, we used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for child maltreatment (143,473 participants), ADHD (20,183 cases; 35,191 controls), CD (451 cases; 256,859 controls), ASPD (381 cases; 252,877 controls), alcohol use disorder (AUD; 13,422 cases; 244,533 controls), opioid use disorder (OUD; 775 cases; 255,921 controls), and cannabinoid use disorder (CUD; 14,080 cases; 343,726 controls). We also generated a latent variable 'common externalizing factor' (EXT) using genomic structural equation modeling. Genetically predicted childhood maltreatment was consistently associated with ADHD (odds ratio [OR], 10.09; 95%-CI, 4.76-21.40; P = 1.63 × 10-09), AUD (OR, 3.72; 95%-CI, 1.85-7.52; P = 2.42 × 10-04), and the EXT (OR, 2.64; 95%-CI, 1.52-4.60; P = 5.80 × 10-04) across the different analyses and pleiotropy-robust methods. A subsequent GWAS on childhood maltreatment and the externalizing dimension from Externalizing Consortium (EXT-CON) confirmed these results. Two of the top five genes with the strongest associations in EXT GWAS, CADM2 and SEMA6D, are also ranked among the top 10 in the EXT-CON. The present results confirm the existence of a common externalizing factor and an increasing vulnerability caused by child maltreatment, with crucial implications for prevention. However, the partly diverging results also indicate that specific influences impact individual phenotypes separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Konzok
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Baumeister
- Institute of Health Services Research in Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Varun Warrier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael F Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Baurecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Habibi Asgarabad M, Steinsbekk S, Hartung CM, Wichstrøm L. Reciprocal relations between dimensions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders from preschool age to adolescence: sex differences in a birth cohort sample. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38965813 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of anxiety and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prospectively related from childhood to adolescence. However, whether the two dimensions of ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity-are differentially related to anxiety and whether there are developmental and sex/gender differences in these relations are unknown. METHODS Two birth cohorts of Norwegian children were assessed biennially from ages 4 to 16 (N = 1,077; 49% girls) with diagnostic parent interviews used to assess symptoms of anxiety and ADHD. Data were analyzed using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, adjusting for all unobserved time-invariant confounding effects. RESULTS In girls, increased inattention, but not hyperactivity-impulsivity, predicted increased anxiety 2 years later across all time-points and increased anxiety at ages 12 and 14 predicted increased inattention but not hyperactivity-impulsivity. In boys, increased hyperactivity-impulsivity at ages 6 and 8, but not increased inattention, predicted increased anxiety 2 years later, whereas increased anxiety did not predict increased inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS The two ADHD dimensions were differentially related to anxiety, and the relations were sex-specific. In girls, inattention may be involved in the development of anxiety throughout childhood and adolescence and anxiety may contribute to girls developing more inattention beginning in early adolescence. In boys, hyperactivity-impulsivity may be involved in the development of anxiety during the early school years. Effective treatment of inattention symptoms in girls may reduce anxiety risk at all time-points, while addressing anxiety may decrease inattention during adolescence. Similarly, treating hyperactivity-impulsivity may reduce anxiety risk in boys during late childhood (at ages 8-10).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pauli-Pott U, Skoluda N, Nater UM, Becker K, Derz F, Kaspar E, Kasperzack D, Kehm K, Kött M, Mann C, Schurek P, Pott W, Schloß S. Long-term cortisol secretion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: roles of sex, comorbidity, and symptom presentation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:569-579. [PMID: 36917355 PMCID: PMC10869441 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Low activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) has been found in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The condition may be related to the reduced attention regulation capacity and/or to comorbid oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Sex differences are probable but not sufficiently studied. We analyzed the HPAA activity and sympathetic nervous system reactivity (SR) in children with ADHD while accounting for ADHD symptom presentation, comorbidity, and sex differences. The sample comprised 205 children, 98 (61 boys, 37 girls) with ADHD and 107 (48 boys, 59 girls) healthy controls. DSM-5 phenotypic symptom presentation and comorbid ODD/CD were assessed using clinical interviews. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was used to assess the long-term, cumulative activity of the HPAA. SR was assessed via skin conductance response (SCR). For control purposes, comorbid internalizing symptoms and indicators of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were assessed. Children were medication naive. Boys presenting with predominantly inattentive symptoms (ADHD-I) showed lower HCC than healthy boys. Girls presenting with combined symptoms (ADHD-C) showed higher HCC than did healthy girls (p's < 0.05, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,194) = 4.09, p = 0.018). Boys with ADHD plus ODD/CD showed a blunted SR (p < 0.001, sex-by-group interaction, F (2,172) = 3.08, p = 0.048). Adjustment for ACE indicators led to non-significant differences in HCC but did not affect differences in SR. HCC constitutes an easily assessable, reliable, and valid marker of phenotypic ADHD-related features (i.e. symptom presentation and comorbidity). It indicates more homogenous subgroups of ADHD and might point to specifically involved pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Pauli-Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Nadine Skoluda
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform The Stress of Life (SOLE)-Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress, Vienna, Austria
| | - Urs M Nater
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010, Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform The Stress of Life (SOLE)-Processes and Mechanisms underlying Everyday Life Stress, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Becker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg Justus Liebig University Giessen, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Derz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Elena Kaspar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daria Kasperzack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kira Kehm
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Kött
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Mann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Pia Schurek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susan Schloß
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University of Marburg, Schützenstrasse 45, 35039, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rizeq J, Kennedy M, Kreppner J, Maughan B, Sonuga-Barke E. Understanding the prospective associations between neuro-developmental problems, bullying victimization, and mental health: Lessons from a longitudinal study of institutional deprivation. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:40-49. [PMID: 35983788 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942200089x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that children who have experienced neglect are at risk for bullying which in turn increases the risk for poor mental health. Here we extend this research by examining whether this risk extends to the neglect associated with severe institutional deprivation and then testing the extent to which these effects are mediated by prior deprivation-related neuro-developmental problems such as symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and autism. Data were collected at ages 6, 11, 15, and young adulthood (22-25 years) from 165 adoptees who experienced up to 43 months of deprivation in Romanian Orphanages in 1980s and 52 non-deprived UK adoptees (N = 217; 50.23% females). Deprivation was associated with elevated levels of bullying and neuro-developmental symptoms at ages 6 through 15 and young adult depression and anxiety. Paths from deprivation to poor adult mental health were mediated via cross-lagged effects from earlier neuro-developmental problems to later bullying. Findings evidence how deep-seated neuro-developmental impacts of institutional deprivation can cascade across development to impact social functioning and mental health. These results elucidate cascade timing and the association between early deprivation and later bullying victimization across childhood and adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jala Rizeq
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Kennedy
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Kreppner
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- Social, Developmental and Genetics Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kwan R, Abraham S, Low WCJ, Lim JCY, Chong WH, Mun SBS, Oh JY, Chay OM, Yeleswarapu SP. Profile of hospitalised maltreated children aged 0 to 3 years and their families. Singapore Med J 2024:00077293-990000000-00082. [PMID: 38263550 DOI: 10.4103/singaporemedj.smj-2022-052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maltreatment adversely affects children's health and development. Knowledge of child maltreatment in early childhood is limited. We studied the demographic factors and health issues in children aged 0-3 years who were hospitalised for maltreatment. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, health and demographic information was extracted from the electronic medical records of children hospitalised in KK Women's and Children's Hospital between January 2018 and June 2019. High-risk groups were children with developmental delay (DD), missed vaccination (MV), low outpatient attendance, high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) admission and Child Protection Service (CPS) referral. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test was used for skewed quantitative variables. RESULTS Among the 101 children included in the study, the most common type of abuse and alleged perpetrator were physical abuse and parents, respectively. In addition, 35.6% of the children had pre-existing health conditions before hospitalisation, 58.4% had new health conditions diagnosed during hospitalisation requiring follow-up and 26.7% had maltreatment-related injuries. One-fifth of the children had DDs and another one-fifth had MVs. About 20% of them had defaulted all outpatient appointments. High-risk children mostly lived in rented housing. Their mothers mostly had primary education or lower. Most children admitted to ICU or HDU were <6 months old (8/12 [66.7%] vs. 6-24 months 3/12 [25%] vs. 24-47 months 1/12 [8.3%], P = 0.001). A higher number of children with DD were referred to CPS (63.2%, P = 0.049) than to other agencies. CONCLUSION Maltreated children have significant health needs that are not fully met through routine surveillance practices. They are at risk of defaulting their hospital appointment. It is imperative that families at risk of child maltreatment are identified early and their needs holistically evaluated, with care coordinated within the hospital-community support system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sharon Abraham
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wilson Cong Jin Low
- Paediatric Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
| | | | - Wan Har Chong
- Psychology and Child and Human Development Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Singapore
| | | | - Jean Yin Oh
- Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Oh Moh Chay
- Respiratory Medicine Service, Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schwartz A, Galera C, Kerbage H, Montagni I, Tzourio C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Symptoms Among French College Students. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1109-1117. [PMID: 38045835 PMCID: PMC10689313 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among college students. We investigated the association between ACEs and ADHD symptoms among French college students enrolled in the i-Share cohort using multivariate logistic regression models. The sample comprised of 1062 participants with a mean age of 20.3 (SD = 2.3) of which 30.6% had no ACEs exposure, 29.6% had 1 ACE, 19.2% had 2 ACEs, and 20.6% had ≥ 3 ACEs. After controlling for potential confounders, every increase in ACE exposure heightened the risk of ADHD symptoms with the respective adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1 ACE: 2.1 (0.7-6.3) / 2 ACEs: 4.5 (2.6-12.8)/ ≥ 3 ACEs: 5.2 (1.8-14.8). Estimates for ADHD symptoms were higher with sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and bullying. Findings suggest that ACEs heighten the risk for developing ADHD symptoms among college students and bear important implications for prevention and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA
| | - Cédric Galera
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hala Kerbage
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saint Eloi University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM U1018, Developmental Psychiatry Team, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif Cedex 94807, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bali P, Sonuga‐Barke E, Mohr‐Jensen C, Demontis D, Minnis H. Is there evidence of a causal link between childhood maltreatment and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies using the Bradford-Hill criteria. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12169. [PMID: 38054051 PMCID: PMC10694545 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies report an elevated risk of maltreatment in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and elevated levels of ADHD in people who suffered childhood maltreatment (CM). However, the direction(s) of causality between CM and ADHD remain unclear-does ADHD create a context for CM, does CM cause ADHD, or both? Objective This study systematically reviews and qualitatively synthesizes the research evidence relating to this question using Bradford-Hill criteria for establishing causality-strength, temporality, dose-response and plausibility. Methods We conducted a systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, of prospective longitudinal studies examining both CM and ADHD. We then used Bradford-Hill criteria to assess the quality of evidence for a causal link between CM and ADHD. Results All 11 included studies demonstrated an association between CM and ADHD. Seven included evidence for temporality: five suggesting that CM precedes ADHD in the lifespan; two suggesting ADHD precedes CM. Four studies demonstrated a dose response relationship in which greater CM exposure was associated with elevated risk of ADHD. Studies presented a range of plausible mechanisms, including CM causing ADHD through biological programming, versus ADHD causing CM through parental stress. Conclusions The high quality prospective longitudinal studies reviewed confirm the association between ADHD and CM, but present conflicting evidence about the direction of causality and mechanisms underpinning this association. To better understand the complex interplay between CM and ADHD, more studies using new research designs will be required that can partition effects by type of CM and account for bidirectional effects and other complexities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Bali
- University of GlasgowInstitute of Health and WellbeingGlasgowUK
| | - Edmund Sonuga‐Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christina Mohr‐Jensen
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryAalborg Psychiatric HospitalAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine ‐ Human GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric ResearchiPSYCHAarhusDenmark
| | - Helen Minnis
- University of GlasgowInstitute of Health and WellbeingGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Langevin R, Marshall C, Wallace A, Gagné ME, Kingsland E, Temcheff C. Disentangling the Associations Between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:369-389. [PMID: 34238078 PMCID: PMC10009485 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been documented. However, the temporal relationship between these problems and the roles of trauma-related symptoms or other forms of maltreatment remain unclear. This review aims to synthesize available research on CSA and ADHD, assess the methodological quality of the available research, and recommend future areas of inquiry. METHODS Studies were searched in five databases including Medline and PsycINFO. Following a title and abstract screening, 151 full texts were reviewed and 28 were included. Inclusion criteria were sexual abuse occurred before 18 years old, published quantitative studies documenting at least a bivariate association between CSA and ADHD, and published in the past 5 years for dissertations/theses, in French or English. The methodological quality of studies was systematically assessed. RESULTS Most studies identified a significant association between CSA and ADHD; most studies conceptualized CSA as a precursor of ADHD, but only one study had a longitudinal design. The quality of the studies varied greatly with main limitations being the lack of (i) longitudinal designs, (ii) rigorous multimethod/ multiinformant assessments of CSA and ADHD, and (iii) control for two major confounders: trauma-related symptoms and other forms of child maltreatment. DISCUSSION Given the lack of longitudinal studies, the directionality of the association remains unclear. The confounding role of other maltreatment forms and trauma-related symptoms also remains mostly unaddressed. Rigorous studies are needed to untangle the association between CSA and ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Langevin
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rachel Langevin, McGill University, 3700
McTavish Street, Education Building, Room 614, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1Y2.
| | - Carley Marshall
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aimée Wallace
- Département de sexologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Quebec,
Canada
| | - Marie-Emma Gagné
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Temcheff
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Aliye K, Tesfaye E, Soboka M. High rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among children 6 to 17 years old in Southwest Ethiopia findings from a community-based study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:144. [PMID: 36890504 PMCID: PMC9993367 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is among the common neuropsychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents. The disorder affects the life of children, their parents, and the community when left untreated. Although evidence indicated a high prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the developed world, there is limited evidence in developing countries, particularly, Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Ethiopian children aged 6 to 17 years. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2021 among children aged 6 to 17 years in Jimma town. A multistage sampling technique was applied to select 520 study participants. Data were collected by using the Vanderbilt Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder- Parent Rating scale as a modified, semi-structured, and face-to-face interview. The association between independent variables and the outcome variable was investigated using bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression. The final model level of significance was set at a p-value of < 0.05. RESULT A total of 504 participants were involved in the study with a response rate of 96.9%. The overall prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in this study was (9.9%, n = 50). Maternal complication during pregnancy (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.44-8.79, mothers illiteracy (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI = 1.24-7.79), attending primary school (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.32-6.73), history of head trauma (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.25-8.16), maternal alcohol use during pregnancy (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.26-10), bottle feeding during first six months (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.20-6.93) and child's age 6-11 years (AOR = 3.86, 95% CI = 1.77-8.43) were significantly associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. CONCLUSION In this study, one in ten children and adolescents in Jimma town had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was high. For this reason, there is a need to pay increased attention to control associated factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reduce its prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Aliye
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of psychiatry, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
| | - Elias Tesfaye
- Institute of health, Facult of medicine, Department of psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Matiwos Soboka
- Institute of health, Facult of medicine, Department of psychiatry, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rezey ML. A macro-level understanding of levels and trends in the abuse and homicide of children, 1997-2020. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 137:106005. [PMID: 36682190 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data suggest that U.S. rates of violence declined beginning in the 1990s. However, crime trend studies have not entirely agreed on reasons for the decline, and few have empirically assessed the decline in violence against children more specifically. OBJECTIVE This study investigates several competing hypotheses for explaining declines in reported child physical abuse, sexual abuse, and homicide. Attention is given to the importance of these explanatory factors for explaining both rates (levels) and year-over-year differences (trends) in these child outcomes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Population-level state-panel data for the years 1997-2020 are used, totaling 1176 state-years. METHODS Linear panel-data models are used to examine the relationship between explanatory factors and levels and trends in rates of reported child abuse and child homicide. RESULTS As operationalized in this study, few of the hypotheses proposed for explaining declines in child victimization were associated with levels or trends in reported child abuse. The only explanatory factor significantly associated with lower rates of reported child physical abuse was the rate of alternative response. Year-over-year increases in lagged female incarceration rates were associated with year-over-year declines in rates of reported physical abuse. Several explanatory measures were associated with levels or trends in child homicide, while only methylphenidate distribution was associated with levels of reported child sexual abuse. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers should be aware of the importance of alternative response rates on rates of reported child physical abuse and recognize that macro-level declines in reported child victimization may only be possible if macro-level conditions are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maribeth L Rezey
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gómez-Cano S, Zapata-Ospina JP, Arcos-Burgos M, Palacio-Ortiz JD. The role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 52:65-72. [PMID: 37085236 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has genetic and environmental aetiological factors. There are few publications on the environmental factors. The objective of this review is to present the role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of ADHD. METHODS A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA and PsycNET. English and Spanish were selected without being limited by type of study or year of publication. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS ADHD development could be related to exposure to adverse factors in the family, school or social environment. It has been proposed as an explanatory mechanism that adversity interacts with genetic variants and leads to neurobiological changes. There may also be a gene-environment correlation whereby individual hereditary characteristics increase the risk of exposure to adversity, and indirectly increase the probability of developing ADHD. Research on psychosocial adversity represents a big challenge, not only due to the complexity of its construct, but also to the effect of subjective perception of a given event. CONCLUSIONS ADHD aetiology is complex and involves the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, in which these factors correlate and cause the disorder. The study of the role of psychosocial adversity in ADHD is fundamental, but it remains a task that entails great difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujey Gómez-Cano
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata-Ospina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Palacio-Ortiz
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu J, Li P, Luo H, Lu Y. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by ADHD Patients: A Systematic Review. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1833-1845. [PMID: 35880494 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and its different used types, characteristics of the studied cohorts, the reasoning for CAM use, and possible predictive factors for its use amongst ADHD patients. METHOD The Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from inception to 10 February 2022. All of the original papers published in English which report data on CAM use by patients with ADHD were included. RESULTS Twelve original researches including 4,447 patients were included. The prevalence of CAM use varied from 7.5% to 67.6%. The most-reported CAM modalities were dietary modifications and natural products. Moreover, higher parental education should be considered as a predictive factor for CAM use. CONCLUSION CAM use by ADHD patients seems to be prevalent. Healthcare providers should be trained about the most commonly used CAM therapies and their possible adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ping Li
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - You Lu
- Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cooley JL, Taussig HN. Anger and Attention Problems as Mechanisms Linking Maltreatment Subtypes and Witnessed Violence to Social Functioning Among Children in Out-of-Home Care. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2022; 27:647-657. [PMID: 34766514 PMCID: PMC9095759 DOI: 10.1177/10775595211038926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research has consistently shown that child maltreatment and witnessed violence lead to disrupted patterns of social functioning, yet the mechanisms underlying these pathways remain unclear. This cross-sectional study evaluated whether anger and/or attention problems mediated the links from abuse, neglect, and witnessed violence to peer problems and aggressive behavior. Participants included a diverse sample of 470 children (ages 8-11; 52.1% boys) living in out-of-home care. Subtype and severity of maltreatment exposure were coded using Child Protection Services' intake reports and court records. Witnessed violence and anger were assessed using child-reports, and caregivers provided ratings of attention problems and social functioning. Indirect effects were tested using a series of structural equation path analysis models. Results indicated that anger fully mediated the links from witnessed violence to both peer problems and aggressive behavior. Further, attention problems fully mediated the links from physical abuse and physical neglect to both peer problems and aggressive behavior. These findings highlight the need for interventions to target anger regulation and attentional control among children in out-of-home care in order to mitigate their risk for social maladjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L. Cooley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | - Heather N. Taussig
- Graduate School of Social Work, University of Denver
- Kempe Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang N, Gao M, Yu J, Zhang Q, Wang W, Zhou C, Liu L, Sun T, Liao X, Wang J. Understanding the association between adverse childhood experiences and subsequent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e32748. [PMID: 36068993 PMCID: PMC9575611 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood, which may be related to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Our study aims to explore the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD, and analyze the potential moderators. METHODS Literature search was conducted by a combined computer-assisted and manual method. Studies were included if they had reported the association between ACEs and subsequent ADHD. Overall estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were obtained using random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regressions and further stratified analyses were conducted to examine potential moderator variables. RESULTS Totals of 70 studies involving nearly 4 million participants from among 6,452 unique articles were included. In the primary analyses, ACEs were found to be associated with subsequent ADHD (OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.54-1.83), and the negative effects of different forms of ACEs for ADHD were nonequivalent. Such as lived in the stepfamily, been adopted or fostered, and experienced sexual abuse were more deleterious than others. It was found that individuals who had experienced multiple ACEs or who are female were more vulnerable to ADHD. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide critical evidence for understanding the association between ACEs and ADHD. ACEs could increase the susceptibility of ADHD, especially for individuals who ever experienced multiple ACEs and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Man Gao
- Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Congxiao Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjia Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liao
- Center of Evidence Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Khoury NM, Radonjić NV, Albert AB, Faraone SV. From Structural Disparities to Neuropharmacology: A Review of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Medication Treatment. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2022; 31:343-361. [PMID: 35697389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an early-onset disorder with many functional impairments and psychiatric comorbidities. Although no treatment fully mitigates impairments associated with ADHD, effective management is possible with pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments. The etiology and pathophysiology of ADHD are remarkably complex and the disorder is continuously distributed in the population. While these findings have been well documented in studies with predominantly white samples, ADHD may affect racial and ethnic minorities differentially, given diagnostic and treatment disparities. This review provides an updated overview of the epidemiology, etiology, neurobiology, and neuropharmacology of ADHD, addressing racial and ethnic disparities whereby data are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nayla M Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nevena V Radonjić
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Avery B Albert
- Clinical Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Institute for Human Performance, Room 3707, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Institute for Human Performance, Room 3707, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Honkasilta J, Koutsoklenis A. The (Un)real Existence of ADHD-Criteria, Functions, and Forms of the Diagnostic Entity. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:814763. [PMID: 35707639 PMCID: PMC9189308 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.814763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The contemporary conceptualization of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as a complex, multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder cannot be understood as such without a complex assemblage of political, economic, and cultural processes that deem the conceptualization to be valuable and useful. In this article we use the notion of psychiatrization as a lens through which to see parts of these processes that make up ADHD what it is. In the first part of the article, we critically assess the scientific basis of the ADHD diagnosis via examining its diagnostic criteria as presented in the current fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the so called "Bible" of modern psychiatry. The second part of the article asks what is done with the ADHD diagnostic entity and with the idea that it represents a natural neurodevelopmental state within an individual-something an individual has-as represented in the DSM-5. Drawn from our previous research, we analyze how ADHD becomes real in discourse practice as a powerful semiotic mediator through analysis of the various functions and forms in which it takes shape in institutional, social, and individual levels. We conclude that the frequent changes in the diagnostic criteria of ADHD do not reflect any real scientific progress. Among other reasons, they change to match better the maneuvers of individuals when navigating an increasingly psychiatrized society in the search for recognition, support, category membership, immunity, sympathy, and sense of belonging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juho Honkasilta
- Department of Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nemmezi Karaca S, Uzun Cicek A, Mercan Isik C, Kanak M, Demirel G. Evidence of the relationship between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and emotional abuse in a sample of preschool children. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2022.2072311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanem Nemmezi Karaca
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ayla Uzun Cicek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Cansu Mercan Isik
- Department of Preschool Education, Faculty of Education, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kanak
- SBU Diyarbakir Gazi Yaşargil Education Research Hospital, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Gulbahtiyar Demirel
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Llorens M, Barba M, Torralbas J, Nadal R, Armario A, Gagliano H, Betriu M, Urraca L, Pujol S, Montalvo I, Gracia R, Giménez-Palop O, Palao D, Pàmias M, Labad J. Stress-related biomarkers and cognitive functioning in adolescents with ADHD: Effect of childhood maltreatment. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 149:217-225. [PMID: 35287052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to explore whether stress-related hormones (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal [HPA] axis hormones and prolactin) are associated with poorer cognitive functioning in adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to test the potential moderating effect of childhood maltreatment. Seventy-six adolescents with ADHD were studied. The ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) were administered. Seven cognitive tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) were administered, and two cognitive factors (attention and memory as well as executive functioning) were identified by confirmatory factor analysis. Stress-related hormone levels were assessed at the clinic (plasma prolactin and cortisol levels and salivary cortisol levels) before cognitive testing and at home for two consecutive days (cortisol awakening response [CAR] and diurnal cortisol slope). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association between hormone levels and ADHD severity or cognitive functioning while adjusting for sex and childhood maltreatment. Regarding hormonal measurements obtained at the clinic, female sex moderated the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and executive functioning, whereas childhood maltreatment moderated the relationship between salivary cortisol levels and inattention symptoms of patients with ADHD. Prolactin levels were not associated with cognitive functioning or the severity of ADHD. Regarding HPA axis measurements performed at home, lower cortisol levels at awakening were associated with poorer executive functioning. Neither CAR nor the cortisol diurnal slope were associated with cognitive functioning or ADHD severity. Our study suggests that HPA axis hormone levels are associated with the severity of cognitive and inattention symptoms of patients with ADHD and that childhood maltreatment and sex exert distinct moderating effects depending on the symptom type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llorens
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain
| | - Maria Barba
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jordi Torralbas
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Psicobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Psicobiology Unit, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Spain, Spain; Animal Physiology Unit (Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Humberto Gagliano
- Animal Physiology Unit (Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology), Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Betriu
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Lara Urraca
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Susana Pujol
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Itziar Montalvo
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gracia
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Olga Giménez-Palop
- Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, I3PT, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Diego Palao
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pàmias
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain
| | - Javier Labad
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Spain; Institut de Neurociències, Translational Neuroscience Research Unit I3PT-INc-UAB, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBERSAM), Spain; Institut D'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Consorci Sanitari Del Maresme, Mataró, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barra S, Turner D, Müller M, Hertz PG, Retz-Junginger P, Tüscher O, Huss M, Retz W. ADHD symptom profiles, intermittent explosive disorder, adverse childhood experiences, and internalizing/externalizing problems in young offenders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:257-269. [PMID: 32780159 PMCID: PMC8866272 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and co-existing psychiatric/psychological impairments as well as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are common among young offenders. Research on their associations is of major importance for early intervention and crime prevention. Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) warrants specific consideration in this regard. To gain sophisticated insights into the occurrence and associations of ADHD, IED, ACEs, and further psychiatric/psychological impairments in young (male and female) offenders, we used latent profile analysis (LPA) to empirically derive subtypes among 156 young offenders who were at an early stage of crime development based on their self-reported ADHD symptoms, and combined those with the presence of IED. We found four distinct ADHD subtypes that differed rather quantitatively than qualitatively (very low, low, moderate, and severe symptomatology). Additional IED, ACEs, and further internalizing and externalizing problems were found most frequently in the severe ADHD subtype. Furthermore, females were over-represented in the severe ADHD subtype. Finally, ACEs predicted high ADHD symptomatology with co-existing IED, but not without IED. Because ACEs were positively associated with the occurrence of ADHD/IED and ADHD is one important risk factor for on-going criminal behaviors, our findings highlight the need for early identification of ACEs and ADHD/IED in young offenders to identify those adolescents who are at increased risk for long-lasting criminal careers. Furthermore, they contribute to the debate about how to best conceptualize ADHD regarding further emotional and behavioral disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Barra
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Turner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Priscilla Gregorio Hertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Retz-Junginger
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Huss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Retz
- Institute for Forensic Psychology and Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrberger Str. 100, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Talwar V, Lavoie J. Lie-telling for personal gain in children with and without externalizing behavior problems. J Exp Child Psychol 2022; 219:105385. [PMID: 35217368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the lie-telling behavior of children who have externalizing problems using experimental procedures. In the current study, children's lie-telling for personal gain (N = 110 boys aged 6-11 years) was examined using an experimental paradigm in relation to their theory-of-mind abilities and inhibitory control as well as their moral evaluations of truths and lies. Children with externalizing behavior problems (n = 53) were significantly more likely to lie and to be less skilled at lying than a typical comparison group (n = 57). Children who had lower theory-of-mind scores were significantly less likely to tell a lie for personal gain compared with those who had higher theory-of-mind scores. Children with externalizing problems who told personal gain lies were also more likely to rate tattle truths more positively than other children. For a subsample of children (n = 55), parent-reported diaries of the frequency of children's lies over 2 weeks revealed a higher frequency of lies by children with externalizing problems compared with the typical comparison group. Children whose parents reported a high frequency of lies for their children were also more likely to lie in the experimental personal gain lie paradigm. Results suggest that children with externalizing behavior may have a different pattern of lie-telling than has been previously reported for normative lie development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Talwar
- Department of Educational & Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1Y2, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Lavoie
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koutsoklenis A, Honkasilta J. ADHD in the DSM-5-TR: What has changed and what has not. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1064141. [PMID: 36704731 PMCID: PMC9871920 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1064141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we critically review the changes made to the DSM-5 Text Revision published in 2022 regarding the diagnostic entity of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We structure our critique around three points. The first discusses the acknowledgment of ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder. The second examines the definition of ADHD provided in the updated edition of the manual. The third scrutinizes the changes in the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and assesses whether these changes make the diagnosis more accurate. We conclude that DSM's latest edition does not escape the logical and scientific pitfalls of its predecessor. DSM-5-TR keeps the faith in the neo-Kraepelinian paradigm by explicitly and implicitly cultivating the essentialist medical scientific metaphor of disorder, creating the illusion that it represents scientific progress that validates ADHD as a neurodevelopmental disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juho Honkasilta
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Imai J, Sasayama D, Kuge R, Honda H, Washizuka S. Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms and autistic trait in institutionalized children with maltreatment experience. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:29-39. [PMID: 34882945 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined how maltreatment experience was associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children under institutional care. The key caregivers of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years who were under institutional care in Nagano prefecture, Japan were asked to answer the background questionnaire, ADHD-Rating Scale, and the Japanese children's version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. A total of 378 valid responses were obtained, of which 222 reported maltreatment experience prior to institutionalization. Both hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive scores were significantly higher in the maltreated group. Maltreatment experience was significantly associated with the presence of hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (p = 0.003) and inattentive symptoms (p = 0.027). Particularly, those who had experienced physical abuse were significantly more likely to have hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (p = 0.012) and autistic trait (p = 0.002). Thorough assessment of neurodevelopmental symptoms should be performed when placing children with maltreatment experience into institutional care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Imai
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Mental Health Clinic for Children, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Mental Health Clinic for Children, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Developmental Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Rie Kuge
- Mental Health Clinic for Children, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Developmental Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hideo Honda
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Mental Health Clinic for Children, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Developmental Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Washizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Faraone SV, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Zheng Y, Biederman J, Bellgrove MA, Newcorn JH, Gignac M, Al Saud NM, Manor I, Rohde LA, Yang L, Cortese S, Almagor D, Stein MA, Albatti TH, Aljoudi HF, Alqahtani MMJ, Asherson P, Atwoli L, Bölte S, Buitelaar JK, Crunelle CL, Daley D, Dalsgaard S, Döpfner M, Espinet S, Fitzgerald M, Franke B, Gerlach M, Haavik J, Hartman CA, Hartung CM, Hinshaw SP, Hoekstra PJ, Hollis C, Kollins SH, Sandra Kooij JJ, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Li T, Liu J, Merzon E, Mattingly G, Mattos P, McCarthy S, Mikami AY, Molina BSG, Nigg JT, Purper-Ouakil D, Omigbodun OO, Polanczyk GV, Pollak Y, Poulton AS, Rajkumar RP, Reding A, Reif A, Rubia K, Rucklidge J, Romanos M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Schellekens A, Scheres A, Schoeman R, Schweitzer JB, Shah H, Solanto MV, Sonuga-Barke E, Soutullo C, Steinhausen HC, Swanson JM, Thapar A, Tripp G, van de Glind G, van den Brink W, Van der Oord S, Venter A, Vitiello B, Walitza S, Wang Y. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:789-818. [PMID: 33549739 PMCID: PMC8328933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. METHODS We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. RESULTS We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. CONCLUSIONS Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry Research Division, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA.
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist's Representative, Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Clinical & Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology & Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Division of ADHD and Learning Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Gignac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, MUHC, Montreal, Canada; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada
| | | | - Iris Manor
- Chair, Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel; Co-chair of the neurodevelopmental section in EPA (the European Psychiatric Association), France
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Li Yang
- Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Doron Almagor
- University of Toronto, SickKids Centre for Community Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada
| | - Mark A Stein
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Turki H Albatti
- Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya F Aljoudi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M J Alqahtani
- Clinical Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health and Behavioural Science, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Kenya; African College of Psychopharmacology, Kenya; African Association of Psychiatrists, Kenya
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Healthcare Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cleo L Crunelle
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Dept. of Psychiatry, Brussel, Belgium; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David Daley
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech Mental Health MedTech Cooperative & Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (CANDAL), Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Professional Board, ADHD Europe, Belgium
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands; ADHD Across the Lifespan Network from European College of Neuropsychopharmacology(ECNP), the Netherlands
| | | | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Hollis
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Scott H Kollins
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUMc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; PsyQ, The Hague, the Netherlands; European Network Adult ADHD, the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tingyu Li
- Growth, Development and Mental Health Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Research Center for Clinical Medicine of Child Health and Disease, Chongqing, China; The Subspecialty Group of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; The Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China; The Asian Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, China
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel; Israeli Society of ADHD, Israel; Israeli National Diabetes Council, Israel
| | - Gregory Mattingly
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Midwest Research Group, St Charles, MO, USA
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Attention Deficit Association (ABDA), Brazil
| | | | | | - Brooke S G Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Pediatrics, Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Center for ADHD Research, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier Saint Eloi, MPEA, Medical and Psychological Unit for Children and Adolescents (MPEA), Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1018 CESP-Developmental Psychiatry, France
| | - Olayinka O Omigbodun
- Centre for Child & Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Yehuda Pollak
- Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel
| | - Alison S Poulton
- Brain Mind Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia
| | - Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Psychiatric Association, Germany
| | - Katya Rubia
- World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany
| | - Julia Rucklidge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Scheres
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Renata Schoeman
- University of Stellenbosch Business School, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Special Interest Group for Adult ADHD, South Africa; The South African Society of Psychiatrists/Psychiatry Management Group Management Guidelines for ADHD, South Africa; World Federation of Biological Psychiatry, Germany; American Psychiatric Association, USA; Association for NeuroPsychoEconomics, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Henal Shah
- Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Mary V Solanto
- The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Northwell Health, Hemstead, NY, USA; Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), USA; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; National Center for Children with Learning Disabilities (NCLD), USA
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - César Soutullo
- American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany; Louis A. Faillace MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
- University of Zurich, CH, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH, Switzerland; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James M Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anita Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, UK
| | - Gail Tripp
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Geurt van de Glind
- Hogeschool van Utrecht/University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Van der Oord
- Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European ADHD Guidelines Group, Germany
| | - Andre Venter
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lowthian E, Anthony R, Evans A, Daniel R, Long S, Bandyopadhyay A, John A, Bellis MA, Paranjothy S. Adverse childhood experiences and child mental health: an electronic birth cohort study. BMC Med 2021; 19:172. [PMID: 34353320 PMCID: PMC8344166 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are negatively associated with a range of child health outcomes. In this study, we explored associations between five individual ACEs and child mental health diagnoses or symptoms. ACEs included living with someone who had an alcohol-related problem, common mental health disorder or serious mental illness, or experienced victimisation or death of a household member. METHODS We analysed data from a population-level electronic cohort of children in Wales, UK, (N = 191,035) between the years of 1998 and 2012. We used Cox regression with discrete time-varying exposure variables to model time to child mental health diagnosis during the first 15 years of life. Child mental health diagnoses include five categories: (i) externalising symptoms (anti-social behaviour), (ii) internalising symptoms (stress, anxiety, depression), (iii) developmental delay (e.g. learning disability), (iv) other (e.g. eating disorder, personality disorders), and (v) any mental health diagnosis, which was created by combining externalising symptoms, internalising symptoms and other. Our analyses were adjusted for social deprivation and perinatal risk factors. RESULTS There were strong univariable associations between the five individual ACEs, sociodemographic and perinatal factors (e.g. gestational weight at birth) and an increased risk of child mental health diagnoses. After adjusting for sociodemographic and perinatal aspects, there was a remaining conditional increased risk of any child mental health diagnosis, associated with victimisation (conditional hazard ratio (cHR) 1.90, CI 95% 1.34-2.69), and living with an adult with a common mental health diagnosis (cHR 1.63, CI 95% 1.52-1.75). Coefficients of product terms between ACEs and deprivation were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The increased risk of child mental health diagnosis associated with victimisation, or exposure to common mental health diagnoses, and alcohol problems in the household supports the need for policy measures and intervention strategies for children and their families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Lowthian
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
- DECIPHer, 1 - 3 Museum Place, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK.
| | - Rebecca Anthony
- DECIPHer, 1 - 3 Museum Place, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Annette Evans
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Rhian Daniel
- Division of Population Medicine, Neuadd Meirionnydd, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Sara Long
- DECIPHer, 1 - 3 Museum Place, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BD, UK
| | - Amrita Bandyopadhyay
- National Centre for Population Health and Wellbeing Research, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann John
- Population Data Science, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham Technology Park, Bangor, LL13 7YP, UK
| | - Shantini Paranjothy
- University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen Health Data Science Centre, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fuller-Thomson E, Lewis DA, Agbeyaka S. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders in Young Adulthood: Findings from a Canadian Nationally Representative Survey. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:385-395. [PMID: 34343246 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM (a) To document the prevalence and odds of (i) alcohol use disorders, (ii) cannabis use disorders, (iii) other drug use disorders and (iv) any substance use disorder (SUD), among young adults with and without ADHD, and (b) to investigate the degree to which the association between ADHD and SUDs is attenuated by socio-demographics, early adversities and mental health. METHOD Secondary analysis of the nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health (CCHS-MH). The sample included 6872 respondents aged 20-39, of whom 270 had ADHD. The survey response rate was 68.9%. MEASUREMENTS Substance Use Disorder: World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview criteria, SUDs, were derived from lifetime algorithms for alcohol, cannabis and other substance abuse or dependence. ADHD was based on self-report of a health professional's diagnosis. FINDINGS One in three young adults with ADHD had a lifetime alcohol use disorder (36%) compared to 19% of those without ADHD (P < 0.001). After adjusting for all control variables, those with ADHD had higher odds of developing alcohol use disorders (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.81), cannabis use disorders (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.00), other drug use disorders (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.46, 2.95) and any SUD (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.23). History of depression and anxiety led to the largest attenuation of the ADHD-SUD relationship, followed by childhood adversities and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Young adults with ADHD have a high prevalence of alcohol and other SUDs. Targeted outreach and interventions for this extremely vulnerable population are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, 500 University Avenue, 5th Floor University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute for Life Course & Aging, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada
| | - Danielle A Lewis
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St. W., Toronto, Canada
| | - Senyo Agbeyaka
- Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth St, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lugo-Candelas C, Corbeil T, Wall M, Posner J, Bird H, Canino G, Fisher PW, Suglia SF, Duarte CS. ADHD and risk for subsequent adverse childhood experiences: understanding the cycle of adversity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:971-978. [PMID: 33289088 PMCID: PMC8169708 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are more likely to develop Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The reverse relationship - ADHD predicting subsequent ACEs - is vastly understudied, although it may be of great relevance to underserved populations highly exposed to ACEs. METHODS Participants were 5- to 15-year-olds (48% females) with (9.9%) and without ADHD (DSM-IV criteria except age of onset) in a longitudinal population-based study of Puerto Rican youth. In each wave (3 yearly assessments, W1-3), ten ACEs (covering parental loss and maladjustment and child maltreatment) were examined, plus exposure to violence. Logistic regression models examined ADHD (including subtypes) and subsequent risk for ACEs. Also considered were interactions by age, sex, number of W1 ACEs, and recruitment site. RESULTS Children with W1 ADHD were more likely to experience subsequent adversity (OR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.12-2.37) accounting for child age, sex, public assistance, maternal education, site, disruptive behavior disorders, and W1 ACEs. Inattentive (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.09-3.66), but not hyperactive/impulsive or combined ADHD, predicted future ACEs. CONCLUSIONS ADHD predicts subsequent risk for ACEs, and the inattentive presentation may confer the most risk. Inattentive presentations could pose a bigger risk given differences in symptom persistence, latency to access to treatment, and treatment duration. The present study suggests a pathway for the perpetuation of adversity, where bidirectional relationships between ADHD and ACEs may ensnare children in developmental pathways predictive of poor outcomes. Understanding the mechanism underlying this association can help the development of interventions that interrupt the cycle of adversity exposure and improve the lives of children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lugo-Candelas
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,USA
| | - Thomas Corbeil
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,USA
| | - Melanie Wall
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,USA
| | - Hector Bird
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR,USA
| | - Prudence W. Fisher
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,USA
| | | | - Cristiane S. Duarte
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Legano LA, Desch LW, Messner SA, Idzerda S, Flaherty EG. Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2021-050920. [PMID: 33875536 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-050920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, there have been widespread efforts to raise awareness about maltreatment of children. Pediatric providers have received education about factors that make a child more vulnerable to being abused and neglected. The purpose of this clinical report is to ensure that children with disabilities are recognized as a population at increased risk for maltreatment. This report updates the 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report "Maltreatment of Children With Disabilities." Since 2007, new information has expanded our understanding of the incidence of abuse in this vulnerable population. There is now information about which children with disabilities are at greatest risk for maltreatment because not all disabling conditions confer the same risks of abuse or neglect. This updated report will serve as a resource for pediatricians and others who care for children with disabilities and offers guidance on risks for subpopulations of children with disabilities who are at particularly high risk of abuse and neglect. The report will also discuss ways in which the medical home can aid in early identification and intervene when abuse and neglect are suspected. It will also describe community resources and preventive strategies that may reduce the risk of abuse and neglect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Legano
- Department of Pediatrics, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York;
| | - Larry W Desch
- Department of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science and Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, Illinois
| | - Stephen A Messner
- Stephanie V. Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sheila Idzerda
- Billings Clinic, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Bozeman, Montana; and
| | - Emalee G Flaherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tomlinson TA, Mears DP, Turanovic JJ, Stewart EA. Forcible Rape and Adolescent Friendship Networks. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:4111-4136. [PMID: 30027792 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518787807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have found that sexual victimization can adversely affect an adolescent's psychological well-being, physical health, and behavior. Little is known, however, about how friendships are influenced by such victimization. Drawing on research on sexual violence and the salience of peers among adolescents, the current study extends prior work by examining the effects of forcible rape on adolescent social networks. Using a subsample of females from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 4,386), the study employs multivariate regression analyses to estimate the effects of youth forcible rape on the popularity, centrality, and density of adolescent friendship networks and to determine whether depression and attachment to others (e.g., to friends and to school) mediate these effects. The analyses indicated that forcible rape was associated with a decrease in the popularity and centrality of females within their friendship networks; however, no effect on the density of these networks was identified. In addition, forcible rape effects on popularity and centrality were partially mediated by depression and social attachments. The results suggest that forcible rape may adversely affect adolescent females' levels of popularity and centrality within their friendship networks. Combined with prior research, the results indicate that the harmful effects of rape have the potential to extend across diverse domains, including social relationships. This possibility suggests that services and assistance to female adolescents may be useful in navigating these relationships after victimization. It suggests, too, that potential benefits that may arise from interventions that educate adolescents-victims and nonvictims alike-about the challenges that victims of sexual violence experience.
Collapse
|
29
|
Gómez-Cano S, Zapata-Ospina JP, Arcos-Burgos M, Palacio-Ortiz JD. The role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE PSIQUIATRIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 52:S0034-7450(21)00048-2. [PMID: 33849717 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has genetic and environmental aetiological factors. There are few publications on the environmental factors. The objective of this review is to present the role of psychosocial adversity in the aetiology and course of ADHD. METHODS A search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Lilacs, OVID, APA and PsycNET. English and Spanish were selected without being limited by type of study or year of publication. Finally, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS ADHD development could be related to exposure to adverse factors in the family, school or social environment. It has been proposed as an explanatory mechanism that adversity interacts with genetic variants and leads to neurobiological changes. There may also be a gene-environment correlation whereby individual hereditary characteristics increase the risk of exposure to adversity, and indirectly increase the probability of developing ADHD. Research on psychosocial adversity represents a big challenge, not only due to the complexity of its construct, but also to the effect of subjective perception of a given event. CONCLUSIONS ADHD aetiology is complex and involves the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors, in which these factors correlate and cause the disorder. The study of the role of psychosocial adversity in ADHD is fundamental, but it remains a task that entails great difficulties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujey Gómez-Cano
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Pablo Zapata-Ospina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Arcos-Burgos
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Palacio-Ortiz
- Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Psiquiatría (GIPSI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mehari K, Iyengar S, Schneider M, Berg K, Bennett A. Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Children with Neurodevelopmental Delays: Relations to Diagnoses, Behavioral Health, and Clinical Severity. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 28:808-814. [PMID: 33761107 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Limited research has examined adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children at risk for neurodevelopmental delays. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the prevalence of ACEs among children at risk for neurodevelopmental delays; (2) explore differences in rates of ACEs across neurodevelopmental diagnoses; and (3) examine relations between ACEs and indicators of behavioral health functioning (e.g., enuresis, feeding problems, sleeping problems, and functional impairment). Participants were 193 children ages 2 to 11 who received a developmental and behavioral pediatrics evaluation at a subspecialty clinic. Caregivers completed a survey about their child's ACEs, and researchers conducted an electronic health record review. Overall, 47% experienced at least one ACE. ACEs were not related to neurodevelopmental diagnosis or to externalizing symptoms. ACEs were related to difficulty sleeping, lower hyperactivity, and greater functional impairment at home. The relations between early adversity and poor behavioral health functioning may develop over time, creating an excellent window of opportunity for prevention work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista Mehari
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, 307 N University Blvd, UCOM 1000, Mobile, AL, 36606, USA.
| | - Sandhyaa Iyengar
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mallory Schneider
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kristin Berg
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Bennett
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aguado-Gracia J, Mundo-Cid P, Lopez-Seco F, Acosta-García S, Cortes-Ruiz MJ, Vilella E, Masana-Marín A. Lifetime Victimization in Children and Adolescents With ADHD. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP3241-NP3262. [PMID: 29683076 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518771680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the frequency and type of victimization in a Spanish child and adolescent clinical ADHD sample and to analyze the association between the types of victimization and the severity of the symptoms. The sample is composed of 106 outpatients in treatment for ADHD, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria. Symptom severity was measured by the Conners-3 scales. ADHD and comorbid diagnostics were evaluated with the Mini-Kid interview. The victimization experiences were studied using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ). Children with child maltreatment history showed a greater intensity of hyperactivity/impulsivity, aggression and behavioral disorders as well as depression and anxiety disorders. The presence of peer victimization was associated with inattention, learning disorders, executive functioning, and relationship problems. Episodes of victimization should be considered in the treatment of the ADHD. Child maltreatment history is more associated with hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, while peer victimization is more associated with attentional symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Mundo-Cid
- Hospital Psiquiàtric Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez-Seco
- Hospital Psiquiàtric Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - María José Cortes-Ruiz
- Hospital Psiquiàtric Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Hospital Psiquiàtric Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adela Masana-Marín
- Hospital Psiquiàtric Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Walker CS, Walker BH, Brown DC, Buttross S, Sarver DE. Defining the role of exposure to ACEs in ADHD: Examination in a national sample of US children. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 112:104884. [PMID: 33360863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical presentations of ADHD vary according to biological and environmental developmental influences. An emerging field of research has demonstrated relationships between exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and ADHD prevalence, particularly in high-risk samples. However, research examining the combined role of traditional risk factors of ADHD and ACEs is limited, and reliance on high-risk samples introduces sampling bias. OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of ACEs on ADHD diagnosis using a large, nationally representative sample of US children. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Nationally representative samples (2017 and 2018) of 40,075 parents from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). METHODS We conducted logistic regression models to examine the association of ACEs and ADHD diagnosis, controlling for child and parent demographic variables and other risk factors. RESULTS Exposure to ACEs was significantly associated with parent-reported ADHD diagnosis, controlling for known parental and child-risk factors of ADHD. The association followed a gradient pattern of increased ADHD prevalence with additional exposures. Compared to children with no ACEs, the odds of an ADHD diagnosis were 1.39, 1.92, and 2.72 times higher among children with one, two and three or more ACEs. The ACE most strongly associated with the odds of ADHD was having lived with someone with mental illness closely followed by parent/guardian incarceration. CONCLUSIONS Results further strengthen the evidence that ACEs exposure is associated with increased ADHD prevalence. Clinicians should assess ACEs in the diagnosis of ADHD. Furthermore, results of the study lend support to the efforts of agencies (both institutional and state-level) promoting routine screening of ACEs in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin H Walker
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, United States
| | - Dustin C Brown
- Social Science Research Center, Mississippi State University, United States; Department of Sociology, Mississippi State University, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ringle JL, Mason WA, Herrenkohl TI, Smith GL, Stevens AL, Jung H. Prospective Associations of Child Maltreatment Subtypes With Adult Educational Attainment: Tests of Mediating Mechanisms Through School-Related Outcomes. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2020; 25:398-409. [PMID: 32013557 DOI: 10.1177/1077559519900806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study tests a developmental cascades model in which childhood maltreatment is hypothesized to influence adult educational attainment by increasing attention problems and reducing successful school experiences during adolescence. Two path models tested direct and indirect associations of childhood maltreatment with adult educational attainment. Model 1 used three parent-reported subtypes of childhood maltreatment (physical/emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect). Model 2 added an agency-reported measure of childhood maltreatment. Both models detected indirect effects of childhood maltreatment subtypes on adult educational attainment through attention and school discipline problems, poor school engagement, and low extracurricular involvement. Model 2 also detected a direct effect of agency-reported childhood maltreatment on the adult outcome. Regardless of the type of maltreatment or data source used, school factors mediated the associations of childhood maltreatment on adult educational attainment. Promoting school engagement and reducing disciplinary referrals for maltreated youth could improve their educational attainment over the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay L Ringle
- 115745Boys Town Translational Research Center, NE, USA
| | | | - Todd I Herrenkohl
- School of Social Work, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gail L Smith
- 115745Boys Town Translational Research Center, NE, USA
| | - Amy L Stevens
- 115745Boys Town Translational Research Center, NE, USA
| | - Hyunzee Jung
- School of Social Work, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cecil CAM, Zhang Y, Nolte T. Childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 112:392-409. [PMID: 32081689 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) - an epigenetic process that regulates gene expression - may represent a mechanism for the biological embedding of early traumatic experiences, including childhood maltreatment. Here, we conducted the first systematic review of human studies linking childhood maltreatment to DNAm. In total, 72 studies were included in the review (2008-2018). The majority of extant studies (i) were based on retrospective data in adults, (ii) employed a candidate gene approach (iii) focused on global maltreatment, (iv) were based on easily accessible peripheral tissues, typically blood; and (v) were cross-sectional. Two-thirds of studies (n = 48) also examined maltreatment-related outcomes, such as stress reactivity and psychiatric symptoms. While findings generally support an association between childhood maltreatment and altered patterns of DNAm, factors such as the lack of longitudinal data, low comparability across studies as well as potential genetic and 'pre-exposure' environmental confounding currently limit the conclusions that can be drawn. Key challenges are discussed and concrete recommendations for future research are provided to move the field forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, University of Southampton; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Tobias Nolte
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Boyd M, Kisely S, Najman J, Mills R. Child maltreatment and attentional problems: A longitudinal birth cohort study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104170. [PMID: 31525706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether child maltreatment is associated with attentional problems in adolescence (14 years) and young adulthood (21 years), and whether outcomes depend on the type of maltreatment (sexual vs non-sexual). METHODS Data from a population based cohort study involving 3778 mother-child pairs were linked with data from the state child protection agency to examine associations between child abuse and neglect and attention problems, measured using the Achenbach Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Achenbach Young Adult Self Report (YASR). RESULTS 245 (6.5%) participants had been the subject of notification for non-sexual maltreatment (one or more of neglect, emotional or physical abuse) compared with only 54 (1.4%) who had been subject of notification for suspected sexual abuse. After adjusting for potential confounding variables including maternal, participant and sociodemographic factors, we found those exposed to non sexual maltreatment were likely to experience attentional problems at 14 years (p < .001) and 21 years of age (p = .044), compared with those participants who had not experienced non sexual maltreatment. By contrast, at age 14 years, sexual abuse was associated with attentional problems only as reported by the participant, not their carer. Results at 21 years of age for those exposed to sexual child maltreatment (p=.655) were again in contrast to the observed association between attentional problems and non sexual child maltreatment (p = .035). CONCLUSION In this study, non-sexual maltreatment in childhood is associated with attentional problems at both 14 years and 21 years of age. These findings highlight the need for targeted research to better understand the longer term mental health outcomes for children exposed to non-sexual maltreatment. Potential implications for mental health services include the need for broader screening at presentation and importantly, greater collaboration with schools, general practitioners and paediatricians, given the greatest impact would arguably be within these settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Boyd
- Psychiatry Registrar, C/- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Building 19, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, 4102, Australia.
| | - Steve Kisely
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jake Najman
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Ryan Mills
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, c/-Deparment of Paediatrics, Logan Hospital, Logan, Queensland, 4129, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The Association Between Child Abuse and Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Chinese School-Aged Boys With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2019; 207:869-874. [PMID: 31306291 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between child abuse and emotional and behavioral problems in Chinese school-aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty-eight school-aged boys with ADHD and 77 male healthy controls completed the final assessments that included the Child Behavior Checklist, the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11, the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Short Form. Our findings showed that child abuse could associate with the behavioral problems in ADHD. Regression analysis further showed that child abuse (especially emotional abuse and physical abuse), adverse living conditions, and school anxiety significantly could be contributors to behavioral problems in boys with ADHD. Our study indicated that child abuse may be associated with the behavioral problems in Chinese school-aged boys with ADHD.
Collapse
|
37
|
Kaye S, Ramos-Quiroga JA, van de Glind G, Levin FR, Faraone SV, Allsop S, Degenhardt L, Moggi F, Barta C, Konstenius M, Franck J, Skutle A, Bu ET, Koeter MWJ, Demetrovics Z, Kapitány-Fövény M, Schoevers RA, van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen K, Carpentier PJ, Dom G, Verspreet S, Crunelle CL, Young JT, Carruthers S, Cassar J, Fatséas M, Auriacombe M, Johnson B, Dunn M, Slobodin O, van den Brink W. Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers. J Atten Disord 2019; 23:1438-1453. [PMID: 26922805 PMCID: PMC5002258 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716629217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers. Method: In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners' Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample. Results: Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% (n = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD. Conclusion: ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geurt van de Glind
- ICASA Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Louisa Degenhardt
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franz Moggi
- University of Bern, Switzerland,University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Máté Kapitány-Fövény
- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary,Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Geert Dom
- University of Antwerp, Belgium,Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium
| | - Sofie Verspreet
- University of Antwerp, Belgium,Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium
| | | | - Jesse T. Young
- Curtin University, Perth, Australia,University of Melbourne, Australia,The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
A Systematic Review of Polyvictimization among Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity or Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132280. [PMID: 31252681 PMCID: PMC6651348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown an increased risk for violence and victimization. However, research on exposure to multiple forms of victimization in different contexts are scarce. Hence, the current aim is to review the evidence about polyvictimization among children with ASD or ADHD. PsycInfo, ERIC, ERC, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically searched until 12 March 2019 to identify empirical studies with reported prevalence rates of at least four forms of victimization among children with ASD or ADHD. A total of 6/1300 articles were included in the review, ranging in sample sizes from 92 to 4114. The reported prevalence rates for polyvictimization were 1.8% and 23.1% for children with ASD and 7.3% for children with ADHD. The results emphasize the high prevalence of violence and victimization, including polyvictimization, among children with ASD or ADHD. Polyvictimization among children with ASD or ADHD is a highly under researched area. Significant knowledge gaps and important methodological considerations that provide important implications for future research include lack of information on cyber bullying, frequency or intensity of victimization, and the failure to include children as informants and to report health outcomes associated with polyvictimization.
Collapse
|
39
|
González RA, Vélez-Pastrana MC, McCrory E, Kallis C, Aguila J, Canino G, Bird H. Evidence of concurrent and prospective associations between early maltreatment and ADHD through childhood and adolescence. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:671-682. [PMID: 30903235 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An emerging body of work suggests a link between childhood maltreatment and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, research examining the role of maltreatment in the early course of the disorder lacks robust evidence from longitudinal studies. Our aim was to examine concurrent and prospective associations between maltreatment experiences and ADHD diagnosis and sex differences, and to estimate the association between repetitive maltreatment exposure and ADHD through childhood and adolescence. METHODS Data were obtained from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of 2480 children and adolescents of Puerto Rican background. Neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse, and foster placement were regressed on ADHD diagnosis measured at each of three waves using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. Multilevel regressions estimated the effects of exposure on ADHD, adjusted by age, sex, income, household education, parental psychopathology, comorbidity and ADHD medication status. RESULTS Emotional abuse and foster placement had robust associations with ADHD diagnosis. For girls, physical abuse had a threefold increase in the odds of having ADHD diagnosis; for boys, associations were observed only for emotional abuse. Prospective models examining the risk of ADHD following maltreatment provided initial evidence for the effects of physical abuse on ADHD, and a linear trend for repetitive exposure suggested increased probability for disorder persistence. CONCLUSIONS Associations between early maltreatment and ADHD were robust. Different categories of maltreatment increase the likelihood of ADHD for girls and boys. Increased exposure to maltreatment may predict symptom persistence. Interventions addressing ADHD must consider the effects of both sex and family environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A González
- Centre for Mental Health, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, 7th floor Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK. .,Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.
| | - María C Vélez-Pastrana
- Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Clinical Psychology, Carlos Albizu University, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Eamon McCrory
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jivelisse Aguila
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Psychology, Carlos Albizu University, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Machlin L, McLaughlin KA, Sheridan MA. Brain structure mediates the association between socioeconomic status and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dev Sci 2019; 23:e12844. [PMID: 31056844 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with greater risk for symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One mechanism through which SES may confer risk for ADHD is by influencing brain structure. Alterations to cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume have been associated with low SES and with the presence of ADHD across multiple studies. The current study examined whether cortical thickness, surface area or subcortical volume mediate the associations between SES and ADHD in youth 3-21 years old (N = 874) from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition and Genetics Study. Freesurfer was used to estimate cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volume from structural magnetic resonance imaging. Parents reported on demographics, family SES, ADHD diagnoses and the presence of child attention problems. Statistical mediation was assessed using a bootstrap resampling procedure. Controlling for parental ADHD, child age, gender, birth weight and scanner, children in low SES families were more likely to be in the ADHD group. Consistent with previous reports in this sample, low SES was associated with reduced surface area across the frontal lobe and reduced subcortical volume in the amygdala, cerebellum, hippocampus and basal ganglia. Of these regions, a significant indirect effect of SES on ADHD status through subcortical volume was observed for the left cerebellum (95% confidence interval: 0.004, 0.022), the right cerebellum (95% confidence interval: 0.006, 0.025), and the right caudate (95% confidence interval: 0.002, 0.022). Environmentally mediated changes in the cerebellum and the caudate may be neurodevelopmental mechanisms explaining elevated risk of ADHD in children in low SES families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machlin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bright MA, Lynne SD, Masyn KE, Waldman MR, Graber J, Alexander R. Association of Friday School Report Card Release With Saturday Incidence Rates of Agency-Verified Physical Child Abuse. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:176-182. [PMID: 30556830 PMCID: PMC6439612 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Corporal punishment is a leading risk factor for physical abuse. Strong anecdotal evidence from physicians and other professionals working in child protection suggest that punishment-initiated physical abuse for school-aged children increases after release of report cards. However, no empirical examination of this association has occurred. Objective To examine the temporal association between school report card release and incidence rates (IRs) of physical abuse. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective study reviewed calls to a state child abuse hotline and school report card release dates across a single academic year in Florida. Data were collected in a 265-day window from September 8, 2015, to May 30, 2016, in the 64 of 67 Florida counties with report card release dates available (16 960 days). Participants included all children aged 5 to 11 years for whom calls were made. A total of 1943 verified cases of physical abuse were reported in the study period in the 64 counties. Data were analyzed from October 2017 through May 2018. Exposures School report cards release across a single academic year, measured daily by county. Main Outcomes and Measures Daily counts of calls to a child abuse hotline that later resulted in agency-verified incidents of child physical abuse across a single academic year by county. Results During the academic year, 167 906 calls came in to the child abuse hotline for children aged 5 to 11 years; 17.8% (n = 29 887) of these calls were suspected incidents of physical abuse, and 2017 (6.7%) of these suspected incidents were later verified as cases of physical abuse before excluding the 3 counties with no release dates available. Among the 1943 cases included in the analysis (58.9% males [n = 1145]; mean [SD] age, 7.69 [1.92] years), calls resulting in verified reports of child physical abuse occurred at a higher rate on Saturdays after a Friday report card release compared with Saturdays that do not follow a Friday report card release (IR ratio, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.21-11.63; P = .02). No significant association of report card release with IRs was found for any other days of the week. Conclusion and Relevance This association of school report card release and physical abuse appears to illustrate a unique systems-based opportunity for prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Bright
- Anita Zucker Center for Excellence in Early Childhood Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Sarah D. Lynne
- Department of Family, Youth, and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Katherine E. Masyn
- Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Marcus R. Waldman
- Quantitative Policy Analysis in Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Graber
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Randell Alexander
- Division of Child Protection and Forensic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Jacksonville
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wen YJ, Li XB, Zhao XX, Wang XQ, Hou WP, Bo QJ, Zheng W, Pao C, Tan T, Wang CY. The effect of left-behind phenomenon and physical neglect on behavioral problems of children. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 88:144-151. [PMID: 30504096 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Left-behind children have a high incidence of behavioral problems in some Eastern countries, especially China. We sought to assess the combined effects of physical neglect, a major embodiment of the left-behind phenomenon, and the trauma of being left behind on subsequent behavioral problems. METHOD 776 children (including 600 left-behind children) aged 12-16 years were chosen by cluster sampling in rural China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the Conners Teacher Rating Scale were used to evaluate physical neglect and behavioral problems. RESULTS Left-behind children experienced more physical neglect (mean difference = 0.63; 95%CI 0.15-1.10; P = 0.01) and were more inattentive (mean difference=0.11; 95%CI 0.03-0.19; P = 0.009) than non-left-behind children. Physically neglected left-behind children had higher scores for conduct problems, inattention, and hyperactivity index than non-left-behind without physical neglect group (P < 0.05 for each). Among left-behind children, physical neglect group had significantly more conduct problems than those of controls (mean difference=0.14; 95%CI 0.05-0.23; P = 0.008). Physically neglected non-left-behind children had higher scores for conduct problems than those of left-behind children without physical neglect (mean difference=0.31; 95%CI 0.13-0.47; P = 0.003). Among physically neglected children, left-behind children had significantly higher scores for inattention than those of non-left-behind children (mean difference=0.13; 95%CI 0.04-0.22; P = 0.037). CONCLUSION Left-behind children have more behavioral problems than non-left-behind children. Physical neglect may result in more severe conduct problems than those associated with staying behind, and staying behind may lead to inattention. Exposure to both may lead to more obvious behavioral problems. Therefore, we should accord more attention to physically neglected and left-behind children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Wen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xian-Bin Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xi-Xi Zhao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xue-Qi Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Wen-Peng Hou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Qi-Jing Bo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Christine Pao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tony Tan
- Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, College of Education, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bélanger SA, Andrews D, Gray C, Korczak D. Le TDAH chez les enfants et les adolescents, partie 1 : l’étiologie, le diagnostic et la comorbidité. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 23:454-461. [PMCID: PMC6199646 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Le trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDAH) est un trouble neurodéveloppemental chronique. La Société canadienne de pédiatrie a préparé trois documents de principes après avoir effectué des analyses bibliographiques systématiques. Leurs objectifs s’établissent comme suit : 1) Résumer les données probantes cliniques à jour sur le TDAH. 2) Établir une norme pour les soins du TDAH. 3) Aider les cliniciens canadiens à prendre des décisions éclairées et fondées sur des données probantes pour rehausser la qualité des soins aux enfants et aux adolescents qui présentent cette affection. Les thèmes abordés dans la partie 1, qui est axée sur le diagnostic, incluent la prévalence, la génétique, la physiopathologie, le diagnostic différentiel, ainsi que les troubles psychiatriques et les troubles du développement comorbides. En plus des recherches dans les bases de données, les auteurs ont analysé les directives les plus récentes de l’American Academy of Pediatrics , de l’American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , du National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence , du Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network et de l’Eunethydis European ADHD Guidelines Group . Puisque le TDAH est un trouble hétérogène, son évaluation médicale complète devrait toujours inclure une anamnèse fouillée, un examen physique et une évaluation approfondie du diagnostic différentiel et des comorbidités connexes. Les auteurs proposent des recommandations précises sur la récolte d’information, les tests à effectuer et les orientations vers divers services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Bélanger
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, comité de la santé mentale et des troubles du développement, Ottawa (Ontario)
| | - Debbi Andrews
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, comité de la santé mentale et des troubles du développement, Ottawa (Ontario)
| | - Clare Gray
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, comité de la santé mentale et des troubles du développement, Ottawa (Ontario)
| | - Daphne Korczak
- Société canadienne de pédiatrie, comité de la santé mentale et des troubles du développement, Ottawa (Ontario)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gul H, Gurkan CK. Child Maltreatment and Associated Parental Factors Among Children With ADHD: A Comparative Study. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:1278-1288. [PMID: 27401238 DOI: 10.1177/1087054716658123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the role of child and parental factors in maltreatment of children with ADHD compared with a healthy control group. METHOD We examined the rates and correlations of child maltreatment by parents in a sample of children with ADHD ( n = 100) and a matched comparison sample of children without ADHD ( n = 100), all aged 6 to 11 years. Parent and child ratings evaluated demographic characteristics, severity of ADHD symptoms, and childhood trauma exposure. RESULTS According to regression analysis, maternal hyperactivity/impulsivity and male gender of the child increase the emotional abuse; whereas maternal history of emotional abuse and physical neglect and paternal attention deficit increase sexual abuse, and higher maternal hyperactivity/impulsivity increases emotional neglect of ADHD children. CONCLUSION The study's findings provide strong evidence that the maltreatment of children with ADHD is more associated with parental factors than with the symptoms of ADHD in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hesna Gul
- 1 Ankara University, School of Medicine, Turkey.,2 Necip Fazil State Hospital, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bélanger SA, Andrews D, Gray C, Korczak D. ADHD in children and youth: Part 1-Etiology, diagnosis, and comorbidity. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 23:447-453. [PMID: 30681669 PMCID: PMC6199644 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Three position statements have been developed by the Canadian Paediatric Society, following systematic literature reviews. Statement objectives are to: 1) Summarize the current clinical evidence regarding ADHD,2) Establish a standard for ADHD care, and3) Assist Canadian clinicians in making well-informed, evidence-based decisions to enhance care of children and youth with this condition. Specific topics reviewed in Part 1, which focuses on diagnosis, include: prevalence, genetics, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and comorbid psychiatric disorders and developmental disorders. In addition to database searches, the most recent guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, and the Eunethydis European ADHD Guidelines Group, were reviewed. Because ADHD is a heterogeneous disorder, comprehensive medical assessment for ADHD should always include a complete history, a physical examination, and a thorough consideration of differential diagnosis and related comorbidities. Specific recommendations for information gathering, testing, and referral are offered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A Bélanger
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Committee, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Debbi Andrews
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Committee, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Clare Gray
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Committee, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Daphne Korczak
- Canadian Paediatric Society, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Committee, Ottawa, Ontario
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Roberts AL, Liew Z, Lyall K, Ascherio A, Weisskopf MG. Association of Maternal Exposure to Childhood Abuse With Elevated Risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:1896-1906. [PMID: 29762636 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children whose mothers experienced childhood abuse are more likely to suffer various neurodevelopmental deficits. Whether an association exists specifically for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unknown. We examined the association of maternal experience of childhood abuse with ADHD in offspring, assessed by maternal report of diagnosis and validated with the ADHD Rating Scale-IV in a subsample, in the Nurses' Health Study II (n = 49,497 mothers; n = 7,607 case offspring; n = 102,151 control offspring). We examined whether 10 adverse perinatal circumstances (e.g., prematurity, smoking) or socioeconomic factors accounted for a possible association. Exposure to abuse was associated with greater prevalence of ADHD in offspring (8.7% of offspring of women exposed to severe abuse vs. 5.5% of offspring of women not abused, P = 0.0001) and with greater risk for ADHD when the model was adjusted for demographic factors (male offspring, risk ratio (RR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 1.9; female offspring, RR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7, 3.0). After adjustment for perinatal factors, the association of maternal childhood abuse with ADHD in offspring was slightly attenuated (male offspring, RR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.8; female offspring, RR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6, 2.8). We identified an association between maternal experience of childhood abuse and risk for ADHD in offspring, which was not explained by several important perinatal risk factors or socioeconomic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zeyan Liew
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
O'Neill A, Beck K, Chae D, Dyer T, He X, Lee S. The pathway from childhood maltreatment to adulthood obesity: The role of mediation by adolescent depressive symptoms and BMI. J Adolesc 2018; 67:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
48
|
Stern A, Agnew-Blais J, Danese A, Fisher HL, Jaffee SR, Matthews T, Polanczyk GV, Arseneault L. Associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: A prospective nationally-representative twin study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2018; 81:274-285. [PMID: 29775871 PMCID: PMC6013278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment has consistently been found to be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the robustness of this association and the direction of the link between maltreatment and ADHD remain unclear. We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2232 British twins, to investigate the associations between exposure to abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and in young adulthood, and to test their robustness and specificity. We also aimed to test longitudinal associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood, controlling for confounders. Results indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and also in young adulthood. In childhood, the association was concentrated among children with comorbid conduct disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that childhood ADHD predicted abuse/neglect in later years. This association was again concentrated among individuals with comorbid conduct disorder. Abuse/neglect in childhood was not associated with later ADHD in young adulthood after adjusting for childhood ADHD. Our study does not provide support of a causal link between child abuse/neglect and adult ADHD but highlights the possibility of a long-term effect of disruptive behaviors on the risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians treating people with ADHD, especially those with comorbid conduct disorder, to be aware of their increased risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. Interventions aimed at reducing risks of abuse/neglect should also focus on the environment of individuals with disruptive behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Stern
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jessica Agnew-Blais
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrea Danese
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen L Fisher
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sara R Jaffee
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Timothy Matthews
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Malloy LC, Mugno AP, Waschbusch DA, Pelham WE, Talwar V. Parents’ Attitudes about and Socialization of Honesty and Dishonesty in Typically-Developing Children and Children with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 47:299-312. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
50
|
Gisbert L, Richarte V, Corrales M, Ibáñez P, Bosch R, Casas M, Ramos-Quiroga JA. The Impact of Emotional Lability Symptoms During Childhood in Adults With ADHD. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:581-590. [PMID: 28760090 DOI: 10.1177/1087054717719534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether emotional lability (EL) in adult ADHD patients can already be identified during their childhood and the extent to which this childhood symptomatology can predict EL in adulthood. METHOD Seven hundred eighteen adults with ADHD were examined. EL in adulthood was assessed using the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). According to Conners' definition of EL, seven items from the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) were used to determine this symptomatology in childhood. RESULTS EL was identified in 31.1% of the participants, and 29.6% of this subgroup reported EL symptoms in childhood. Childhood EL was the strongest predictor of these symptoms in adulthood (odds ratio [OR] = 6.18). ADHD subtype, female sex, family history of ADHD, psychiatric comorbidities, and physical abuse were also related to EL development/persistence. CONCLUSION Screening for EL symptoms in children with ADHD is important, as they are the strongest predictor of this symptomatology in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gisbert
- 1 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,3 Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Richarte
- 1 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,3 Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Corrales
- 1 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,3 Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Ibáñez
- 1 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Bosch
- 1 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,3 Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Casas
- 1 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,3 Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- 1 Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,3 Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|