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Yang-Li D, Fei-Hong L, Hui-Wen Z, Ming-Sheng M, Xiao-Ping L, Li L, Yi W, Qing Z, Yong-Hui J, Chao-Chun Z. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of childhood Prader-Willi syndrome in China. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:221. [PMID: 35698200 PMCID: PMC9195308 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex and multisystem neurobehavioral disease, which is caused by the lack of expression of paternally inherited imprinted genes on chromosome15q11.2-q13.1. The clinical manifestations of PWS vary with age. It is characterized by severe hypotonia with poor suck and feeding difficulties in the early infancy, followed by overeating in late infancy or early childhood and progressive development of morbid obesity unless the diet is externally controlled. Compared to Western PWS patients, Chinese patients have a higher ratio of deletion type. Although some rare disease networks, including PWS Cooperation Group of Rare Diseases Branch of Chinese Pediatric Society, Zhejiang Expert Group for PWS, were established recently, misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis and inappropriate intervention were usually noted in China. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated multidisciplinary approach to facilitate early diagnosis and optimize management to improve quality of life, prevent complications, and prolong life expectancy. Our purpose is to evaluate the current literature and evidences on diagnosis and management of PWS in order to provide evidence-based guidelines for this disease, specially from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Yang-Li
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Luo Fei-Hong
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang Hui-Wen
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ma Ming-Sheng
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Xiao-Ping
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Li
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Yi
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Qing
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiang Yong-Hui
- Yale University, 69 Lexington Gardens, Northern Haven, CT, 06473, USA.
| | - Zou Chao-Chun
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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2
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Zhang K, Liu S, Gu W, Lv Y, Yu H, Gao M, Wang D, Zhao J, Li X, Gai Z, Zhao S, Liu Y, Yuan Y. Transmission of a Novel Imprinting Center Deletion Associated With Prader-Willi Syndrome Through Three Generations of a Chinese Family: Case Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, and a Lesson Worth Thinking About. Front Genet 2021; 12:630650. [PMID: 34504512 PMCID: PMC8421676 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.630650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex genetic syndrome caused by the loss of function of genes in 15q11-q13 that are subject to regulation by genomic imprinting and expressed from the paternal allele only. The main clinical features of PWS patients are hypotonia during the neonatal and infantile stages, accompanied by delayed neuropsychomotor development, hyperphagia, obesity, hypogonadism, short stature, small hands and feet, mental disabilities, and behavioral problems. However, PWS has a clinical overlap with other disorders, especially those with other gene variations or chromosomal imbalances but sharing part of the similar clinical manifestations with PWS, which are sometimes referred to as Prader–Willi syndrome-like (PWS-like) disorders. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that significant obesity as a consequence of hyperphagia in PWS usually develops between the ages of 1 and 6 years, which makes early diagnosis difficult. Thus, PWS is often not clinically recognized in infants and, on the other hand, may be wrongly suspected in obese and intellectually disabled patients. Therefore, an accurate investigation is necessary to differentiate classical PWS from PWS-like phenotypes, which is imperative for further treatment. For PWS, it is usually sporadic, and very rare family history and affected siblings have been described. Here, we report the clinical and molecular findings in a three-generation family with a novel 550-kb microdeletion affecting the chromosome 15 imprinting center (IC). Overall, the present study finds that the symptoms of our patient are somewhat different from those of typical PWS cases diagnosed and given treatment in our hospital. The familial occurrence and clinical features were challenging to our diagnostic strategy. The microdeletion included a region within the complex small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide protein N (SNRPN) gene locus encompassing the PWS IC and was identified by using a variety of techniques. Haplotype studies suggest that the IC microdeletion was vertically transmitted from an unaffected paternal grandmother to an unaffected father and then caused PWS in two sibling grandchildren when the IC microdeletion was inherited paternally. Based on the results of our study, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) was applied successfully to exclude imprinting deficiency in preimplantation embryos before transfer into the mother’s uterus. Our study may be especially instructive regarding accurate diagnosis, differential diagnosis, genetic counseling, and PGD for familial PWS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihui Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Children Inherited Metabolism and Endocrine Department, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiang Lv
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haihua Yu
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Gao
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shimin Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiyuan Yuan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Mendiola AJP, LaSalle JM. Epigenetics in Prader-Willi Syndrome. Front Genet 2021; 12:624581. [PMID: 33659026 PMCID: PMC7917289 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.624581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 1 in 20,000 individuals worldwide. Symptom progression in PWS is classically characterized by two nutritional stages. Stage 1 is hypotonia characterized by poor muscle tone that leads to poor feeding behavior causing failure to thrive in early neonatal life. Stage 2 is followed by the development of extreme hyperphagia, also known as insatiable eating and fixation on food that often leads to obesity in early childhood. Other major features of PWS include obsessive-compulsive and hoarding behaviors, intellectual disability, and sleep abnormalities. PWS is genetic disorder mapping to imprinted 15q11.2-q13.3 locus, specifically at the paternally expressed SNORD116 locus of small nucleolar RNAs and noncoding host gene transcripts. SNORD116 is processed into several noncoding components and is hypothesized to orchestrate diurnal changes in metabolism through epigenetics, according to functional studies. Here, we review the current status of epigenetic mechanisms in PWS, with an emphasis on an emerging role for SNORD116 in circadian and sleep phenotypes. We also summarize current ongoing therapeutic strategies, as well as potential implications for more common human metabolic and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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4
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Brück J, Begemann M, Dey D, Elbracht M, Eggermann T. Molecular characterization of temple syndrome families with 14q32 epimutations. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104077. [PMID: 33010492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Temple Syndrome (TS14) is an imprinting disorder caused by molecular disruptions of the imprinted region in 14q32 (MEG3:TSS-DMR). The frequency of the three known TS14 subtypes (deletions, maternal uniparental disomy (upd(14)mat), loss of methylation (LOM)) is currently in discussion, and within the LOM group, the occurrence of Multilocus Imprinting Disturbances (MLID) has been identified. We present 16 TS14 patients with molecular alterations affecting the MEG3:TSS-DMR, comprising seven patients (43.8%) with LOM, six carriers with upd(14)mat (37.5%), and three cases (18.8%) with a deletion affecting the paternal MEG3:TSS-DMR. We did not find any evidence for MLID in the LOM group, including two cases in which different tissues were available. Whole exome sequencing (WES) in the MEG3:TSS-DMR LOM patients and their parents (Trio WES) did not reveal an obvious pathogenic variant which might cause aberrant methylation at imprinted loci. By summarizing our data with those from the literature, we could show that MLID affecting clinically relevant imprinted loci is rare in TS14 and therefore differs markedly from other imprinting disorders associated with MLID, e.g. Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). However, consistent with the clinical overlap with TS14, in SRS patients carrying MLID the MEG3:TSS-DMR is frequently affected. Variants in the known candidate genes for maternal effect variants causing MLID and fetal MLID determinants could not be identified in TS14 patients. Thus, 14q32 epimutations probably have other molecular causes than epimutations in BWS or SRS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Brück
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Begemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniela Dey
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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5
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Altmann J, Horn D, Korinth D, Eggermann T, Henrich W, Verlohren S. Kagami-Ogata syndrome: an important differential diagnosis to Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2020; 48:240-243. [PMID: 31994200 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the case of a fetus with sonographic characteristics of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). A 30-year-old gravida 2 para 1 was referred to our fetal medicine unit with an omphalocele. Fetal macrosomia, organomegaly, and polyhydramnios but no macroglossia were detected and BWS was suspected. Genetic testing for BWS did not confirm the suspected diagnosis as the karyotype was normal. Symptomatic polyhydramnios led to repeated amnioreductions. At 35 + 5 weeks of gestation, a female neonate of 3660 g was delivered with APGAR scores of 6/7/8, after 1/5/10 min, respectively. The abnormal shape of the thorax, facial dysmorphism, need for ventilation, and generalized muscular hypotonia led to the suspicion of Kagami-Ogata syndrome (KOS), which was confirmed by genetic testing. KOS in our patient was caused by a large deletion in the MEG3-region on chromosome 14q32 affecting the maternal allele. In this report, we highlight the notion that when sonographic signs suggestive of BWS such as macrosomia, polyhydramnios, and omphalocele are present and genetic testing does not confirm the suspected diagnosis, KOS should be tested for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Altmann
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Horn
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Verlohren
- Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Imprinted genes in clinical exome sequencing: Review of 538 cases and exploration of mouse-human conservation in the identification of novel human disease loci. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103903. [PMID: 32169557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human imprinting disorders cause a range of dysmorphic and neurocognitive phenotypes, and they may elude traditional molecular diagnosis such exome sequencing. The discovery of novel disorders related to imprinted genes has lagged behind traditional Mendelian disorders because current diagnostic technology, especially unbiased testing, has limited utility in their discovery. To identify novel imprinting disorders, we reviewed data for every human gene hypothesized to be imprinted, identified each mouse ortholog, determined its imprinting status in the mouse, and analyzed its function in humans and mice. We identified 17 human genes that are imprinted in both humans and mice, and have functional data in mice or humans to suggest that dysregulated expression would lead to an abnormal phenotype in humans. These 17 genes, along with known imprinted genes, were preferentially flagged 538 clinical exome sequencing tests. The identified genes were: DIRAS3 [1p31.3], TP73 [1p36.32], SLC22A3 [6q25.3], GRB10 [7p12.1], DDC [7p12.2], MAGI2 [7q21.11], PEG10 [7q21.3], PPP1R9A [7q21.3], CALCR [7q21.3], DLGAP2 [8p23.3], GLIS3 [9p24.2], INPP5F [10q26.11], ANO1 [11q13.3], SLC38A4 [12q13.11], GATM [15q21.1], PEG3 [19q13.43], and NLRP2 [19q13.42]. In the 538 clinical cases, eight cases (1.7%) reported variants in a causative known imprinted gene. There were 367/758 variants (48.4%) in imprinted genes that were not known to cause disease, but none of those variants met the criteria for clinical reporting. Imprinted disorders play a significant role in human disease, and additional human imprinted disorders remain to be discovered. Therefore, evolutionary conservation is a potential tool to identify novel genes involved in human imprinting disorders and to identify them in clinical testing.
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7
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Negishi Y, Ieda D, Hori I, Nozaki Y, Yamagata T, Komaki H, Tohyama J, Nagasaki K, Tada H, Saitoh S. Schaaf-Yang syndrome shows a Prader-Willi syndrome-like phenotype during infancy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:277. [PMID: 31791363 PMCID: PMC6888944 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schaaf-Yang syndrome (SYS) is a newly recognized imprinting related syndrome, which is caused by a truncating variant in maternally imprinted MAGEL2 located in 15q11-q13. Yet, precise pathomechanism remains to be solved. We sequenced MAGEL2 in patients suspected Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) to delineate clinical presentation of SYS. We examined 105 patients with clinically suspected PWS but without a specific PWS genetic alteration. Sanger sequencing of the entire MAGEL2 gene and methylation-specific restriction enzyme treatment to detect the parent of origin were performed. Clinical presentation was retrospectively assessed in detail. Results Truncating variants in MAGEL2 were detected in six patients (5.7%), including a pair of siblings. All truncating variants in affected patients were on the paternally derived chromosome, while the healthy father of the affected siblings inherited the variant from his mother. Patients with MAGEL2 variants shared several features with PWS, such as neonatal hypotonia, poor suck, and obesity; however, there were also unique features, including arthrogryposis and a failure to acquire meaningful words. Additionally, an episode of neurological deterioration following febrile illness was confirmed in four of the six patients, which caused severe neurological sequalae. Conclusions SYS can be present in infants suspected with PWS but some unique features, such as arthrogryposis, can help discriminate between the two syndromes. An episode of neurological deterioration following febrile illness should be recognized as an important complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Negishi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ieda
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Ikumi Hori
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tohyama
- Department of Child Neurology, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagasaki
- Division of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tada
- Department of Pediatrics, Chibaken Saiseikai Narashino Hospital, Narashino, Japan
| | - Shinji Saitoh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-Cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
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Brightman DS, Lokulo-Sodipe O, Searle BA, Mackay DJG, Davies JH, Temple IK, Dauber A. Growth Hormone Improves Short-Term Growth in Patients with Temple Syndrome. Horm Res Paediatr 2019; 90:407-413. [PMID: 30836360 DOI: 10.1159/000496700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Temple syndrome is an imprinting disorder caused by maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (mat UPD14), paternal deletion of 14q32 or paternal hypomethylation of the intergenic differentially methylated region (MEG3/DLK1 IG-DMR). Patients with Temple syndrome have pre- and postnatal growth restriction, short stature, hypotonia, small hands and feet and precocious puberty. We sought to determine whether treatment with growth hormone improves growth outcomes in patients with Temple syndrome. METHODS This was a retrospective observational study reviewing the medical records of 14 patients with Temple syndrome, 7 of whom were treated with growth hormone. RESULTS After 1 year of growth hormone treatment, the height standard deviation score (SDS) increased a median of 1.31 SDS with a median increased height velocity of 5.30 cm/year. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest short-term improvement in height SDS with growth hormone treatment similar to the response in patients treated under the small for gestational age indication. We recommend considering growth hormone therapy in all patients with Temple syndrome who have short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Brightman
- Genetic Counseling Program, Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA,
| | - Oluwakemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Beverly A Searle
- Unique - The Rare Chromosome Disorder Support Group, Oxted, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Justin H Davies
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Cincinnati Center for Growth Disorders, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Kagami M, Yanagisawa A, Ota M, Matsuoka K, Nakamura A, Matsubara K, Nakabayashi K, Takada S, Fukami M, Ogata T. Temple syndrome in a patient with variably methylated CpGs at the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR and severely hypomethylated CpGs at the secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:42. [PMID: 30846001 PMCID: PMC6407230 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human chromosome 14q32.2 imprinted region harbors the primary MEG3/DLK1:IG-differentially methylated region (DMR) and secondary MEG3:TSS-DMR. The MEG3:TSS-DMR can remain unmethylated only in the presence of unmethylated MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in somatic tissues, but not in the placenta, because of a hierarchical regulation of the methylation pattern between the two DMRs. Methods We performed molecular studies in a 4-year-old Japanese girl with Temple syndrome (TS14). Results Pyrosequencing analysis showed extremely low methylation levels of five CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and grossly normal methylation levels of four CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes. HumanMethylation450 BeadChip confirmed marked hypomethylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR and revealed multilocus imprinting disturbance (MLID) including mild hypomethylation of the H19/IGF2:IG-DMR and mild hypermethylation of the GNAS A/B:TSS-DMR in leukocytes. Bisulfite sequencing showed markedly hypomethylated CpGs at the MEG3:TSS-DMR and irregularly and non-differentially methylated CpGs at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR in leukocytes and apparently normal methylation patterns of the two DMRs in the placenta. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 and a deletion involving this imprinted region were excluded. Conclusions Such a methylation pattern of the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has not been reported in patients with TS14. It may be possible that a certain degree of irregular hypomethylation at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR has prevented methylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR in somatic tissues and that a hypermethylation type MLID has occurred at the MEG3/DLK1:IG-DMR to yield the apparently normal methylation pattern in the placenta. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0640-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiro Yanagisawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, JR Tokyo General Hospital, 2-1-3 Yoyogi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 151-8528, Japan
| | - Miyuki Ota
- Department of Pediatrics, Yaizu City Hospital, 1000 Doubara, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-8505, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuoka
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 2-1-50 Minami-Koshigaya, Koshigaya, Saitama, 343-8555, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
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10
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Costa RA, Ferreira IR, Cintra HA, Gomes LHF, Guida LDC. Genotype-Phenotype Relationships and Endocrine Findings in Prader-Willi Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:864. [PMID: 31920975 PMCID: PMC6923197 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex imprinting disorder related to genomic errors that inactivate paternally-inherited genes on chromosome 15q11-q13 with severe implications on endocrine, cognitive and neurologic systems, metabolism, and behavior. The absence of expression of one or more genes at the PWS critical region contributes to different phenotypes. There are three molecular mechanisms of occurrence: paternal deletion of the 15q11-q13 region; maternal uniparental disomy 15; or imprinting defects. Although there is a clinical diagnostic consensus criteria, DNA methylation status must be confirmed through genetic testing. The endocrine system can be the most affected in PWS, and growth hormone replacement therapy provides improvement in growth, body composition, and behavioral and physical attributes. A key feature of the syndrome is the hypothalamic dysfunction that may be the basis of several endocrine symptoms. Clinical and molecular complexity in PWS enhances the importance of genetic diagnosis in therapeutic definition and genetic counseling. So far, no single gene mutation has been described to contribute to this genetic disorder or related to any exclusive symptoms. Here we proposed to review individually disrupted genes within the PWS critical region and their reported clinical phenotypes related to the syndrome. While genes such as MKRN3, MAGEL2, NDN, or SNORD115 do not address the full spectrum of PWS symptoms and are less likely to have causal implications in PWS major clinical signs, SNORD116 has emerged as a critical, and possibly, a determinant candidate in PWS, in the recent years. Besides that, the understanding of the biology of the PWS SNORD genes is fairly low at the present. These non-coding RNAs exhibit all the hallmarks of RNA methylation guides and can be incorporated into ribonucleoprotein complexes with possible hypothalamic and endocrine functions. Also, DNA conservation between SNORD sequences across placental mammals strongly suggests that they have a functional role as RNA entities on an evolutionary basis. The broad clinical spectrum observed in PWS and the absence of a clear genotype-phenotype specific correlation imply that the numerous genes involved in the syndrome have an additive deleterious effect on different phenotypes when deficiently expressed.
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Snord116-dependent diurnal rhythm of DNA methylation in mouse cortex. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1616. [PMID: 29691382 PMCID: PMC5915486 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic oscillations of physiological processes depend on integrating the circadian clock and diurnal environment. DNA methylation is epigenetically responsive to daily rhythms, as a subset of CpG dinucleotides in brain exhibit diurnal rhythmic methylation. Here, we show a major genetic effect on rhythmic methylation in a mouse Snord116 deletion model of the imprinted disorder Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). More than 23,000 diurnally rhythmic CpGs are identified in wild-type cortex, with nearly all lost or phase-shifted in PWS. Circadian dysregulation of a second imprinted Snord cluster at the Temple/Kagami-Ogata syndrome locus is observed at the level of methylation, transcription, and chromatin, providing mechanistic evidence of cross-talk. Genes identified by diurnal epigenetic changes in PWS mice overlapped rhythmic and PWS-specific genes in human brain and are enriched for PWS-relevant phenotypes and pathways. These results support the proposed evolutionary relationship between imprinting and sleep, and suggest possible chronotherapy in the treatment of PWS and related disorders. Many genes have oscillating gene expression pattern in circadian centers of the brain. This study shows cortical diurnal DNA methylation oscillation in a mouse model of Prader-Willi syndrome, and describes corresponding changes in gene expression and chromatin compaction.
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Capkova P, Santava A, Markova I, Stefekova A, Srovnal J, Staffova K, Durdová V. Haploinsufficiency of BMP4 and OTX2 in the Foetus with an abnormal facial profile detected in the first trimester of pregnancy. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:47. [PMID: 29299063 PMCID: PMC5745897 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial microdeletion 14q22q23 is a rare chromosomal syndrome associated with variable defects: microphthalmia/anophthalmia, pituitary anomalies, polydactyly/syndactyly of hands and feet, micrognathia/retrognathia. The reports of the microdeletion 14q22q23 detected in the prenatal stages are limited and the range of clinical features reveals a quite high variability. Case presentation We report a detection of the microdeletion 14q22.1q23.1 spanning 7,7 Mb and involving the genes BMP4 and OTX2 in the foetus by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and verified by microarray subsequently. The pregnancy was referred to the genetic counselling for abnormal facial profile observed in the first trimester ultrasound scan and micrognathia (suspicion of Pierre Robin sequence), hypoplasia nasal bone and polydactyly in the second trimester ultrasound scan. The pregnancy was terminated on request of the parents. Conclusion An abnormal facial profile detected on prenatal scan can provide a clue to the presence of rare chromosomal abnormalities in the first trimester of pregnancy despite the normal result of the first trimester screening test. The patients should be provided with genetic counselling. Usage of quick and sensitive methods (MLPA, microarray) is preferable for discovering a causal aberration because some of the CNVs cannot be detected with conventional karyotyping in these cases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the earliest detection of this microdeletion (occurred de novo), the first case detected by MLPA and confirmed by microarray. Literature review of the genotype-phenotype correlation in similar reports leads us to the conclusion that dosage imbalance of the chromosomal segment 14q22q23 (especially haploinsuffiency of the genes BMP4 and OTX2) contributes significantly to orofacial abnormalities. Association of the region with the Pierre Robin sequence appears to be plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Capkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P.Pavlova 6, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Santava
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P.Pavlova 6, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Markova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Stefekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P.Pavlova 6, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Srovnal
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Staffova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Durdová
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Lande A, Kroken M, Rabben K, Retterstøl L. Temple syndrome as a differential diagnosis to Prader-Willi syndrome: Identifying three new patients. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:175-180. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asgeir Lande
- Department of Medical Genetics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Mette Kroken
- Department of Medical Genetics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - Kai Rabben
- Frambu Resource Center for Rare Disorders; Norway
| | - Lars Retterstøl
- Department of Medical Genetics; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
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Abstract
Purpose Temple syndrome (TS14) is a rare imprinting disorder caused by aberrations at the 14q32.2 imprinted region. Here, we report comprehensive molecular and clinical findings in 32 Japanese patients with TS14. Methods We performed molecular studies for TS14 in 356 patients with variable phenotypes, and clinical studies in all TS14 patients, including 13 previously reported. Results We identified 19 new patients with TS14, and the total of 32 patients was made up of 23 patients with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD(14)mat), six patients with epimutations, and three patients with microdeletions. Clinical studies revealed both Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS)-like marked hypotonia and Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS)-like phenotype in 50% of patients, PWS-like hypotonia alone in 20% of patients, SRS-like phenotype alone in 20% of patients, and nonsyndromic growth failure in the remaining 10% of patients in infancy, and gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty in 76% of patients who were pubescent or older. Conclusion These results suggest that TS14 is not only a genetically diagnosed entity but also a clinically recognizable disorder. Genetic testing for TS14 should be considered in patients with growth failure plus both PWS-like hypotonia and SRS-like phenotypes in infancy, and/or precocious puberty, as well as a familial history of Kagami-Ogata syndrome due to maternal microdeletion at 14q32.2.
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Grafodatskaya D, Choufani S, Basran R, Weksberg R. An Update on Molecular Diagnostic Testing of Human Imprinting Disorders. J Pediatr Genet 2016; 6:3-17. [PMID: 28180023 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Imprinted genes are expressed in a parent of origin manner. Dysregulation of imprinted genes expression causes various disorders associated with abnormalities of growth, neurodevelopment, and metabolism. Molecular mechanisms leading to imprinting disorders and strategies for their diagnosis are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Grafodatskaya
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveen Basran
- Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Cheon CK. Genetics of Prader-Willi syndrome and Prader-Will-Like syndrome. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 21:126-135. [PMID: 27777904 PMCID: PMC5073158 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2016.21.3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a human imprinting disorder resulting from genomic alterations that inactivate imprinted, paternally expressed genes in human chromosome region 15q11-q13. This genetic condition appears to be a contiguous gene syndrome caused by the loss of at least 2 of a number of genes expressed exclusively from the paternal allele, including SNRPN, MKRN3, MAGEL2, NDN and several snoRNAs, but it is not yet well known which specific genes in this region are associated with this syndrome. Prader-Will-Like syndrome (PWLS) share features of the PWS phenotype and the gene functions disrupted in PWLS are likely to lie in genetic pathways that are important for the development of PWS phenotype. However, the genetic basis of these rare disorders differs and the absence of a correct diagnosis may worsen the prognosis of these individuals due to the endocrine-metabolic malfunctioning associated with the PWS. Therefore, clinicians face a challenge in determining when to request the specific molecular test used to identify patients with classical PWS because the signs and symptoms of PWS are common to other syndromes such as PWLS. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge relating to the genetics of PWS and PWLS, with an emphasis on identification of patients that may benefit from further investigation and genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Kun Cheon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children's Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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18
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Zhang S, Qin H, Wang J, OuYang L, Luo S, Fu C, Fan X, Su J, Chen R, Xie B, Hu X, Chen S, Shen Y. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 and mosaic trisomy 14 in a Chinese boy with moderate to severe intellectual disability. Mol Cytogenet 2016; 9:66. [PMID: 27559361 PMCID: PMC4995659 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-016-0274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both maternal uniparental disomy 14 (UPD(14)mat) and mosaic trisomy 14 are rare events in live individuals. A combination of the two events in one individual is rarely encountered. Only six live-born cases have so far been reported. Case presentation Here we reported a case of concomitant UPD(14)mat and mosaic trisomy 14 in a 10-year-old Chinese patient. Most clinical features of our patient were consistent with those previous reported for UPD(14)mat cases, which include prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, neonatal hypotonia, feeding difficulty, intellectual disability, truncal obesity, small hands and feet, short stature, and mild facial dysmorphism, but our patient showed more severe intellectual disability and no sign of precocious puberty. SNP array analysis revealed a mixture of chromosome 14 maternal isodisomy with heterodisomy and a low level trisomy mosaicism of whole chromsome 14 in blood and hyperpigmented skin samples, whereas only UPD(14)mat was detected in normal skin sample. Cytogenetic analysis identified one trisomy 14 cell in 100 metaphase of peripheral blood lymphocytes (47,XX, +14[1]/46,XX[99]). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first case of a patient with UPD(14)mat and mosaic trisomy 14 reported in a Chinese patient. The definitive genetic diagnosis is beneficial for genetic counseling and clinical management of our patient, and for improving our understanding of the genotype-phenotype correlations of concomitant UPD(14)mat and mosaic trisomy 14. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-016-0274-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Zhang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Haisong Qin
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Luping OuYang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Chunyun Fu
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jiasun Su
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Rongyu Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Bobo Xie
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Xuyun Hu
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Shaoke Chen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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19
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Soellner L, Begemann M, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Tümer Z, Maher ER, Temple IK, Monk D, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I, Eggermann T. Recent Advances in Imprinting Disorders. Clin Genet 2016; 91:3-13. [PMID: 27363536 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Imprinting disorders (ImpDis) are a group of currently 12 congenital diseases with common underlying (epi)genetic etiologies and overlapping clinical features affecting growth, development and metabolism. In the last years it has emerged that ImpDis are characterized by the same types of mutations and epimutations, i.e. uniparental disomies, copy number variations, epimutations, and point mutations. Each ImpDis is associated with a specific imprinted locus, but the same imprinted region can be involved in different ImpDis. Additionally, even the same aberrant methylation patterns are observed in different phenotypes. As some ImpDis share clinical features, clinical diagnosis is difficult in some cases. The advances in molecular and clinical diagnosis of ImpDis help to circumvent these issues, and they are accompanied by an increasing understanding of the pathomechanism behind them. As these mechanisms have important roles for the etiology of other common conditions, the results in ImpDis research have a wider effect beyond the borders of ImpDis. For patients and their families, the growing knowledge contributes to a more directed genetic counseling of the families and personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Soellner
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Begemann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - D J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - K Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Z Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - E R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I K Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - D Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics - ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - I Netchine
- INSERM, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - T Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Shin EH, Cho E, Lee CG. Temple syndrome: A patient with maternal hetero-UPD14, mixed iso- and hetero-disomy detected by SNP microarray typing of patient-father duos. Brain Dev 2016; 38:669-73. [PMID: 26867509 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temple syndrome (TS, MIM 616222) is an imprinting disorder involving genes within the imprinted region of chromosome 14q32. TS is a genetically complex disorder, which is associated with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (UPD14), paternal deletions on chromosome 14, or loss of methylation at the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR). Here, we describe the case of a patient with maternal hetero-UPD14, mixed iso-/hetero-disomy mechanism identified by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis of patient-father duos study. The phenotype of our case is similarities to Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) during infancy and to Russell-Silver syndrome (RSS) during childhood. This SNP array appears to be an effective initial screening tool for patients with nonspecific clinical features suggestive of chromosomal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Hye Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhae Cho
- Green Cross Genome, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Gon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji General Hospital, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Genomic imprinting of DIO3, a candidate gene for the syndrome associated with human uniparental disomy of chromosome 14. Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24:1617-1621. [PMID: 27329732 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (Temple and Kagami-Ogata syndromes) exhibit a number of developmental abnormalities originating, in part, from aberrant developmental expression of imprinted genes in the DLK1-DIO3 cluster. Although genomic imprinting has been reported in humans for some genes in the cluster, little evidence is available about the imprinting status of DIO3, which modulates developmental exposure to thyroid hormones. We used pyrosequencing to evaluate allelic expression of DLK1 and DIO3 in cDNAs prepared from neonatal foreskins carrying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exonic sequence of those genes, and hot-stop PCR to quantify DIO3 allelic expression in cDNA obtained from a skin specimen collected from an adult individual with known parental origin of the DIO3 SNP. In neonatal skin, DLK1 and DIO3 both exhibited a high degree of monoallelic expression from the paternal allele. In the adult skin sample, the allele preferentially expressed is that inherited from the mother, although a different, larger DIO3 mRNA transcript appears the most abundant at this stage. We conclude that DIO3 is an imprinted gene in humans, suggesting that alterations in thyroid hormone exposure during development may partly contribute to the phenotypes associated with uniparental disomy of chromosome 14.
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22
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Balbeur S, Grisart B, Parmentier B, Sartenaer D, Leonard PE, Ullmann U, Boulanger S, Leroy L, Ngendahayo P, Lungu-Silviu C, Lysy P, Maystadt I. Trisomy rescue mechanism: the case of concomitant mosaic trisomy 14 and maternal uniparental disomy 14 in a 15-year-old girl. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4:265-71. [PMID: 27014449 PMCID: PMC4771849 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (upd(14)mat) is responsible for a Prader–Willi‐like syndrome with precocious puberty. Although upd(14) is often hypothesized to result from trisomy rescue mechanism, T14 cell lines are usually not found with postnatal cytogenetic investigations. We report the coexistence of both chromosomal abnormalities in a 15‐year‐old girl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Balbeur
- Department of Human Genetics Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | - Bernard Grisart
- Department of Human Genetics Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | - Benoit Parmentier
- Department of Human Genetics Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | - Daniel Sartenaer
- Department of Human Genetics Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | | | - Urielle Ullmann
- Department of Human Genetics Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boulanger
- Department of Human Genetics Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | - Luc Leroy
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | - Placide Ngendahayo
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
| | | | - Philippe Lysy
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Department of Human Genetics Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique Gosselies Belgium
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Furutani K, Kodera Y, Hiruma M, Ishii H, Baba H. Difficult tracheal intubation in a patient with maternal uniparental disomy 14. JA Clin Rep 2016; 2:25. [PMID: 29497680 PMCID: PMC5818854 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-016-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal uniparental disomy 14 (UPD(14)mat) is an imprinting disorder. It is a rare disease, but there is the possibility that more undiagnosed patients might exist because the clinical features of UPD(14)mat resemble those of the Prader-Willi syndrome or other congenital diseases. We performed anesthetic management for an 8-year-old girl with UPD(14)mat. Case presentations She was admitted to undergo correction surgery due to symptomatic scoliosis. Preoperative examination revealed that she had a restricted mouth opening and retrognathia, as well as some typical characteristics of UPD(14)mat, such as small hands, growth retardation, and precocious puberty. We induced general anesthesia using sevoflurane without any problems. However, the tracheal intubation was difficult because of the restricted mouth opening. We used the McGRATHR MAC videolaryngoscope to overcome this problem. Conclusions We speculate that the craniofacial deformity in case of UPD(14)mat patients may lead to difficulty in tracheal intubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Furutani
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshie Kodera
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510 Japan
| | - Masataka Hiruma
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510 Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishii
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Baba
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510 Japan
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Eggermann T, Perez de Nanclares G, Maher ER, Temple IK, Tümer Z, Monk D, Mackay DJG, Grønskov K, Riccio A, Linglart A, Netchine I. Imprinting disorders: a group of congenital disorders with overlapping patterns of molecular changes affecting imprinted loci. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:123. [PMID: 26583054 PMCID: PMC4650860 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital imprinting disorders (IDs) are characterised by molecular changes affecting imprinted chromosomal regions and genes, i.e. genes that are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. Recent years have seen a great expansion in the range of alterations in regulation, dosage or DNA sequence shown to disturb imprinted gene expression, and the correspondingly broad range of resultant clinical syndromes. At the same time, however, it has become clear that this diversity of IDs has common underlying principles, not only in shared molecular mechanisms, but also in interrelated clinical impacts upon growth, development and metabolism. Thus, detailed and systematic analysis of IDs can not only identify unifying principles of molecular epigenetics in health and disease, but also support personalisation of diagnosis and management for individual patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, Germany ; Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, France ; 3APHP, Pediatric Endocrinology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Zeynep Tümer
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - David Monk
- Imprinting and Cancer Group, Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Coxford Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Clinical Genetic Clinic, Kennedy Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Andrea Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics-ABT, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Irène Netchine
- Endocrinology and diabetology for children and reference center for rare disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, Bicêtre Paris Sud, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM U986, INSERM, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ; INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012 France
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Stalman SE, Kamp GA, Hendriks YMC, Hennekam RCM, Rotteveel J. Positive effect of growth hormone treatment in maternal uniparental disomy chromosome 14. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:671-6. [PMID: 26119964 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 (matUPD(14)) resembles Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). As positive effects of growth hormone (GH) are observed in individuals with PWS, treatment with GH may be useful in individuals with matUPD(14) as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GH treatment on growth and body composition in children with matUPD(14). DESIGN This is a prospective observational study of GH treatment in two girls with matUPD(14) during 2 years, and spontaneous growth in another matUPD(14) girl of similar age. PATIENTS Three girls (patient A, B and C, aged 8·9, 11·4 and 12·7 years, respectively) with matUPD(14) were included in this study. MEASUREMENTS Patients A and B were treated with GH during 2 years. Patient C was not treated with GH, as she was diagnosed at an age at which she attained near-final height. Main outcome measures included height, weight, body proportions, IGF-1, bone age, and DXA scan for body composition. RESULTS In both treated girls, a considerable increase in height (from -2·3SD and -1·2SD to -1·2SD and -0·6SD, respectively) and IGF-1 levels (from +0·1SD and -1·4SD to +1·3SD and +0·9SD, respectively) and, in patient A, a decrease in weight (+1·2 SD to -0·7SD), and improved body composition (fat percentage from 51·5% to 45·4%) were found. Both experienced improved muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS GH treatment in matUPD(14) cases can show beneficial effects on growth and body composition if started in time. Larger, international studies to determine detailed effectivity and side effects are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne E Stalman
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, the Netherlands
| | - Gerdine A Kamp
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Blaricum, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M C Hendriks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Rotteveel
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Bennett JA, Germani T, Haqq AM, Zwaigenbaum L. Autism spectrum disorder in Prader-Willi syndrome: A systematic review. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2936-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Bennett
- Autism Research Centre, Alberta Health Services; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Tamara Germani
- Autism Research Centre, Alberta Health Services; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Andrea M. Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Autism Research Centre, Alberta Health Services; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Comprehensive clinical studies in 34 patients with molecularly defined UPD(14)pat and related conditions (Kagami-Ogata syndrome). Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23:1488-98. [PMID: 25689926 PMCID: PMC4613461 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal uniparental disomy 14 (UPD(14)pat) and epimutations and microdeletions affecting the maternally derived 14q32.2 imprinted region lead to a unique constellation of clinical features such as facial abnormalities, small bell-shaped thorax with a coat-hanger appearance of the ribs, abdominal wall defects, placentomegaly, and polyhydramnios. In this study, we performed comprehensive clinical studies in patients with UPD(14)pat (n=23), epimutations (n=5), and microdeletions (n=6), and revealed several notable findings. First, a unique facial appearance with full cheeks and a protruding philtrum and distinctive chest roentgenograms with increased coat-hanger angles to the ribs constituted the pathognomonic features from infancy through childhood. Second, birth size was well preserved, with a median birth length of ±0 SD (range, -1.7 to +3.0 SD) and a median birth weight of +2.3 SD (range, +0.1 to +8.8 SD). Third, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability was invariably present, with a median developmental/intellectual quotient of 55 (range, 29-70). Fourth, hepatoblastoma was identified in three infantile patients (8.8%), and histological examination in two patients showed a poorly differentiated embryonal hepatoblastoma with focal macrotrabecular lesions and well-differentiated hepatoblastoma, respectively. These findings suggest the necessity of an adequate support for developmental delay and periodical screening for hepatoblastoma in the affected patients, and some phenotypic overlap between UPD(14)pat and related conditions and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. On the basis of our previous and present studies that have made a significant contribution to the clarification of underlying (epi)genetic factors and the definition of clinical findings, we propose the name 'Kagami-Ogata syndrome' for UPD(14)pat and related conditions.
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Incomplete penetrance and phenotypic variability of 6q16 deletions including SIM1. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 23:1010-8. [PMID: 25351778 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
6q16 deletions have been described in patients with a Prader-Willi-like (PWS-like) phenotype. Recent studies have shown that certain rare single-minded 1 (SIM1) loss-of-function variants were associated with a high intra-familial risk for obesity with or without features of PWS-like syndrome. Although SIM1 seems to have a key role in the phenotype of patients carrying 6q16 deletions, some data support a contribution of other genes, such as GRIK2, to explain associated behavioural problems. We describe 15 new patients in whom de novo 6q16 deletions were characterised by comparative genomic hybridisation or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, including the first patient with fetopathological data. This fetus showed dysmorphic facial features, cerebellar and cerebral migration defects with neuronal heterotopias, and fusion of brain nuclei. The size of the deletion in the 14 living patients ranged from 1.73 to 7.84 Mb, and the fetus had the largest deletion (14 Mb). Genotype-phenotype correlations confirmed the major role for SIM1 haploinsufficiency in obesity and the PWS-like phenotype. Nevertheless, only 8 of 13 patients with SIM1 deletion exhibited obesity, in agreement with incomplete penetrance of SIM1 haploinsufficiency. This study in the largest series reported to date confirms that the PWS-like phenotype is strongly linked to 6q16.2q16.3 deletions and varies considerably in its clinical expression. The possible involvement of other genes in the 6q16.2q16.3-deletion phenotype is discussed.
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Laverdure N, Dabadie A, Alex-Cordier MP, Odent S, Lachaux A. Maternal uniparental disomy 14 revealed by alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2014; 38:604-6. [PMID: 24636467 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal co-dominant disease linked to a mutation of the SERPINA1 gene localized to chromosome 14q32. Uniparental disomy (UPD) is known to be a genetic mechanism that causes various syndromes. Maternal UPD14 presents with a Prader-Willi syndrome-like phenotype. No publications to date have dealt with the association of these two syndromes. In this article, we report on two cases of AATD (from different families), which lead to the diagnosis of maternal UPD14. AATD was diagnosed early in both children. Their clinical presentations were typical (chronic cytolysis in patient 1 and neonatal cholestasis in patient 2); serum alpha 1 antitrypsin levels were low (P1 0.33g/L and P2 0.35g/L), and both patients had a Z phenotype. A pedigree study of both families showed that the father had an M phenotype and the mother an MZ phenotype, which was unexpected. On the other hand, both children were born before term and presented with symmetrical growth retardation, early eating difficulties, moderate hypotonia, understated dysmorphic features and moderate psychomotor retardation, suggestive of a Prader-Willi syndrome-like phenotype. Genotyping was performed to explain gene transmission inconsistencies, and highlighted maternal UPD 14 in both families. CONCLUSION Logically, maternal UPD 14 can induce AATD. In light of these observations, it seems appropriate to search for AATD in patients with maternal UPD 14 in order to prevent a progression of the disease. These cases also underline the significance of maternal UPD 14, which should be suspected in AATD in view of the discordance with Mendel's allelic transmission law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Laverdure
- Service de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, hospices civils de Lyon, université Lyon 1, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France.
| | - Alain Dabadie
- Service de pédiatrie, hôpital Sud, université Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Marie Pierre Alex-Cordier
- Service de génétique clinique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, hospices civils de Lyon, université Lyon 1, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Service de génétique clinique, hôpital Sud, université Rennes 1, CHU de Rennes, 16, boulevard de Bulgarie, BP 90347, 35203 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Alain Lachaux
- Service de gastroentérologie, hépatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, hospices civils de Lyon, université Lyon 1, CHU de Lyon, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France
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Gao X, Gotway G, Rathjen K, Johnston C, Sparagana S, Wise CA. Genomic Analyses of Patients With Unexplained Early-Onset Scoliosis. Spine Deform 2014; 2:324-332. [PMID: 27927329 PMCID: PMC4228381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspd.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN To test for rare genetic mutations, a cohort of patients with unexplained early-onset scoliosis (EOS) was screened using high-density microarray genotyping. A cohort of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) was similarly screened and the results were compared. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Patients with scoliosis in infancy or early childhood (EOS) are at high risk for progressive deformity and associated problems including respiratory compromise. Early-onset scoliosis is frequently associated with genetic disorders but many patients present with nonspecific clinical features and without an associated diagnosis. The authors hypothesized that EOS in these patients may be caused by rare genetic mutations detectable by next-generation genomic methods. METHODS The researchers identified 24 patients with unexplained EOS from pediatric orthopedic clinics. They genotyped them, along with 39 connecting family members, using the Illumina OmniExpress-12, version 1.0 beadchip. Resulting genotypes were analyzed for chromosomal changes, specifically copy number variation and absence of heterozygosity. They screened 482 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and 744 healthy controls, who were similarly genotyped with the same beadchip, for chromosomal changes identified in the EOS cohort. RESULTS Copy number variation and absence of heterozygosity analyses revealed a genetic diagnosis of chromosome 15q24 microdeletion syndrome in 1 patient and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 in a second one. Prior genetic testing and clinical evaluations had been negative in both cases. A large novel chromosome 10 deletion was likely causal in a third EOS patient. These mutations identified in the EOS patients were absent in AIS patients and controls, and thus were not associated with AIS or found in asymptomatic individuals. CONCLUSIONS These data underscore the usefulness of updated genetic evaluations including high-density microarray-based genotyping and other next-generation methods in patients with unexplained EOS, even when prior genetic studies were negative. These data also suggest the intriguing possibility that other mutations detectable by whole genome sequencing, as well as epigenetic effects, await discovery in the EOS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochong Gao
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. Dallas, TX
| | - Garrett Gotway
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Karl Rathjen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. Dallas, TX,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Charles Johnston
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. Dallas, TX,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Steven Sparagana
- Department of Neurology, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. Dallas, TX,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Carol A. Wise
- Sarah M. and Charles E. Seay Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children. Dallas, TX,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,To whom correspondence should be directed. Telephone: 214-559-7861 Fax: 214-559-7872
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Ioannides Y, Lokulo-Sodipe K, Mackay DJG, Davies JH, Temple IK. Temple syndrome: improving the recognition of an underdiagnosed chromosome 14 imprinting disorder: an analysis of 51 published cases. J Med Genet 2014; 51:495-501. [PMID: 24891339 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome 14 harbours an imprinted locus at 14q32. Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14, paternal deletions and loss of methylation at the intergenic differentially methylated region (IG-DMR) result in a human phenotype of low birth weight, hypotonia, early puberty and markedly short adult stature. The analysis of the world literature of 51 cases identifies the key features that will enhance diagnosis and potentially improve treatment. We found a median birth weight SD score (SDS) of -1.88 and median adult final height of -2.04 SDS. Hypotonia and motor delay were reported in 93% and 83% of cases, respectively. Early puberty was reported in 86% of cases with the mean age of menarche at 10 years and 2 months of age. Small hands and feet were reported frequently (87% and 96%, respectively). Premature birth was common (30%) and feeding difficulties frequently reported (n = 22). There was evidence of mildly reduced intellectual ability (measured IQ 75-95). Obesity was reported in 49% of cases, and three patients developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two patients were reported to have recurrent hypoglycaemia, and one of these patients was subsequently demonstrated to be growth hormone deficient and started replacement therapy. We propose the use of the name 'Temple syndrome' for this condition and suggest that improved diagnosis and long-term monitoring, especially of growth and cardiovascular risk factors, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Ioannides
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kemi Lokulo-Sodipe
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Deborah J G Mackay
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury, UK
| | - Justin H Davies
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - I Karen Temple
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, Human Genetics and Genomics Medicine group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
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Stelzer Y, Sagi I, Yanuka O, Eiges R, Benvenisty N. The noncoding RNA IPW regulates the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus in an induced pluripotent stem cell model of Prader-Willi syndrome. Nat Genet 2014; 46:551-7. [PMID: 24816254 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parental imprinting is a form of epigenetic regulation that results in parent-of-origin differential gene expression. To study Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a developmental imprinting disorder, we generated case-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring distinct aberrations in the affected region on chromosome 15. In studying PWS-iPSCs and human parthenogenetic iPSCs, we unexpectedly found substantial upregulation of virtually all maternally expressed genes (MEGs) in the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus on chromosome 14. Subsequently, we determined that IPW, a long noncoding RNA in the critical region of the PWS locus, is a regulator of the DLK1-DIO3 region, as its overexpression in PWS and parthenogenetic iPSCs resulted in downregulation of MEGs in this locus. We further show that gene expression changes in the DLK1-DIO3 region coincide with chromatin modifications rather than DNA methylation levels. Our results suggest that a subset of PWS phenotypes may arise from dysregulation of an imprinted locus distinct from the PWS region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Stelzer
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Sagi
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofra Yanuka
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Eiges
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dimitriadou E, Noutsopoulos D, Markopoulos G, Vlaikou AM, Mantziou S, Traeger-Synodinos J, Kanavakis E, Chrousos GP, Tzavaras T, Syrrou M. Abnormal DLK1/MEG3 imprinting correlates with decreased HERV-K methylation after assisted reproduction and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Stress 2013; 16:689-97. [PMID: 23786541 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2013.817554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrotransposons participate in cellular responses elicited by stress, and DNA methylation plays an important role in retrotransposon silencing and genomic imprinting during mammalian development. Assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) may be associated with increased stress and risk of epigenetic changes in the conceptus. There are similarities in the nature and regulation of LTR retrotransposons and imprinted genes. Here, we investigated whether the methylation status of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERV)-K LTR retrotransposons and the imprinting signatures of the DLK1/MEG3. p57(KIP2) and IGF2/H19 gene loci are linked during early human embryogenesis by examining trophoblast samples from ART pregnancies and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) cases and matched naturally conceived controls. Methylation analysis revealed that HERV-Ks were totally methylated in the majority of controls while, in contrast, an altered pattern was detected in ART-PGD samples that were characterized by a hemi-methylated status. Importantly, DLK1/MEG3 demonstrated disturbed methylation in ART-PGD samples compared to controls and this was associated with altered HERV-K methylation. No differences were detected in p57(KIP2) and IGF2/H19 methylation patterns between ART-PGD and naturally conceived controls. Using bioinformatics, we found that while the genome surrounding the p57(KIP2) and IGF2/H19 genes differentially methylated regions had low coverage in transposable element (TE) sequences, the respective one of DLK1/MEG3 was characterized by an almost 2-fold higher coverage. Moreover, our analyses revealed the presence of KAP1-binding sites residing within retrotransposon sequences only in the DLK1/MEG3 locus. Our results demonstrate that altered HERV-K methylation in the ART-PGD conceptuses is correlated with abnormal imprinting of the DLK1/MEG3 locus and suggest that TEs may be affecting the establishment of genomic imprinting under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eftychia Dimitriadou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Medical School, University of Ioannina , 45 110 Ioannina , Greece
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Hosoki K, Ohta T, Fujita K, Nishigaki S, Shiomi M, Niikawa N, Saitoh S. Hand-foot-genital syndrome with a 7p15 deletion: clinically recognizable syndrome. Pediatr Int 2012; 54:e22-5. [PMID: 22631585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03550.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Hosoki
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Marsit CJ, Lambertini L, Maccani MA, Koestler DC, Houseman EA, Padbury JF, Lester BM, Chen J. Placenta-imprinted gene expression association of infant neurobehavior. J Pediatr 2012; 160:854-860.e2. [PMID: 22153677 PMCID: PMC3311768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify links between altered gene imprinting in the placenta and infant neurobehavioral profiles. STUDY DESIGN Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression of 22 imprinted candidate genes in a series of 106 term human primary placenta tissues. The expression pattern uncovered was associated with Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scales summary scores in the corresponding infants. Clustering of the expression data was used to define distinct classes of expression. RESULTS Significant associations were identified between classes of expression and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scales quality of movement (P = .02) and handling (P = .006) scores. Multivariate regression demonstrated an independent effect of imprinted gene expression profile on these neurobehavioral scores after controlling for confounders. CONCLUSION These results suggest that alterations in imprinted gene expression in the placenta are associated with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes, and suggest a role for the placenta and genomic imprinting in the placenta beyond intrauterine growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Sorensen PL, Basuta K, Mendoza-Morales G, Gane LW, Schneider A, Hagerman R, Tassone F. A fragile X sibship from a consanguineous family with a compound heterozygous female and partially methylated full mutation male. Am J Med Genet A 2012; 158A:1221-4. [PMID: 22488807 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.35293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Page L Sorensen
- MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Le Merrer J, Befort K, Gardon O, Filliol D, Darcq E, Dembele D, Becker JAJ, Kieffer BL. Protracted abstinence from distinct drugs of abuse shows regulation of a common gene network. Addict Biol 2012; 17:1-12. [PMID: 21955143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic brain disorder. Prolonged abstinence from drugs of abuse involves dysphoria, high stress responsiveness and craving. The neurobiology of drug abstinence, however, is poorly understood. We previously identified a unique set of hundred mu-opioid receptor-dependent genes in the extended amygdala, a key site for hedonic and stress processing in the brain. Here we examined these candidate genes either immediately after chronic morphine, nicotine, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or alcohol, or following 4 weeks of abstinence. Regulation patterns strongly differed among chronic groups. In contrast, gene regulations strikingly converged in the abstinent groups and revealed unforeseen common adaptations within a novel huntingtin-centered molecular network previously unreported in addiction research. This study demonstrates that, regardless the drug, a specific set of transcriptional regulations develops in the abstinent brain, which possibly contributes to the negative affect characterizing protracted abstinence. This transcriptional signature may represent a hallmark of drug abstinence and a unitary adaptive molecular mechanism in substance abuse disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Le Merrer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM and CNRS, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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Tohyama J, Yamamoto T, Hosoki K, Nagasaki K, Akasaka N, Ohashi T, Kobayashi Y, Saitoh S. West syndrome associated with mosaic duplication ofFOXG1in a patient with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14. Am J Med Genet A 2011; 155A:2584-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.34224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Normally, one inherits one chromosome of each pair from one parent and the second chromosome from the other parent. Uniparental disomy (UPD) describes the inheritance of both homologues of a chromosome pair from the same parent. The biological basis of UPD syndromes is disturbed genomic imprinting. The consequences of UPD depend on the specific chromosome/segment involved and its parental origin. Phenotypes range from unapparent to unmasking of an autosomal-recessive disease to presentation as a syndromic imprinting disorder. Whilst paternal UPD(7) is clinically unapparent, maternal UPD(7) is one of several causes of Silver-Russell syndrome. Presentation of paternal UPD(14) ("Kagami syndrome") is a thoracic dysplasia syndrome with mental retardation and limited survival. Findings in maternal UPD(14) ("Temple") syndrome show an age-dependent overlap with the well-known maternal UPD(15) (Prader-Willi) syndrome and are dominated by initial failure to thrive followed by obesity, learning difficulties and precocious puberty. Diagnostic strategies to tackle the genetic heterogeneity of UPD(7) and UPD(14) syndromes will be explained. Management issues in UPD(7) and UPD(14) patients will be discussed, and finally areas requiring further research will be outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, Germany.
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40
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Going BAC or oligo microarray to the well: a commentary on Clinical application of array-based comparative genomic hybridization by two-stage screening for 536 patients with mental retardation and multiple congenital anomalies. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:104-5. [PMID: 21228794 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Allen K. Managing Prader-Willi syndrome in families: an embodied exploration. Soc Sci Med 2010; 72:460-8. [PMID: 21216515 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to explore the management of a rare chromosome disorder, Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), within families. It is particularly concerned with developing an understanding of the management of diet and other everyday practices affecting the body. People with PWS tend to experience poor muscle tone combined with food obsession. The level of control over diet needed to prevent obesity and related health complications is often lacking as individuals also experience various forms of learning disability, autistic spectrum disorders and behavioural problems. The findings are based on data from twenty qualitative case studies of English families with a young person with PWS. Analysis of management strategies highlights the centrality of embodied agency in shaping everyday practices and interactions. The significance and influence of biology within this process is particularly evident, as people with the genetic condition PWS experience embodiment and emotion in distinct ways and differently from non-PWS family members in the research sample. Focusing on the multidimensional nature of processes surrounding body management, the paper highlights three key management practices and explores how these practices are influenced by people with PWS and interpreted by family members. Three key practices are identified as: restricting access to food, keeping occupied, and use of routine. The study represents the first UK empirical sociological study of PWS and primarily adds an insight of family management of PWS to a medically dominated literature around the disorder. The findings can sensitise health and social care professionals to some potential issues for families managing PWS, and guide and develop appropriate interventions to support young people with PWS and their carers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Allen
- University of Birmingham, Health Services Management Centre, Birmingham B15 2RT, UK.
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