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Si M, An M, Xia Z, Mo X, Lu J, He H, Wang C. Synthesis and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of amino acid modified cephalotaxine derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14566. [PMID: 38858134 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has triggered a significant impact on global public health security, it is urgent to develop effective antiviral drugs. Previous studies have found that binding to ACE2 is a key step in the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells, so virus invasion can be inhibited by blocking ACE2, but there are few reports on this kind of specific inhibitor. Our previous study found that Harringtonine (HT) can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus into ACE2h cells, but its relatively high cytotoxicity limits its further development. Amino acid modification of the active components can increase their solubility and reduce their cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, seven new derivatives were synthesized by amino acid modification of its core structure Cephalotaxine. The target compounds were evaluated by cell viability assay and the SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus entry assay. Compound CET-1 significantly inhibited the entry of pseudovirus into ACE2h cells and showed less cytotoxicity than HT. Molecular docking results showed that CET-1 could bind TYR83, an important residue of ACE2, just like HT. In conclusion, our study provided a novel compound with more potential activity and lower toxicity than HT on inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus infection, which makes it possible to be a lead compound as an antiviral drug in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Si
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meidi An
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaomin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxue Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Wang Z, Zhao C, Li C, Liu S, Ding J, He C, Liu J, Dong B, Yang Z, Liu Q, Zhu H, Liu Y. Molecular PET/CT mapping of rhACE2 distribution and quantification in organs to aid in SARS-CoV-2 targeted therapy. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29221. [PMID: 38009705 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, poses a significant threat to public health. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a key receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recombinant human ACE2 (RhACE2), as a soluble supplement for human ACE2, can competitively block SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, a mouse organ in situ rhACE2 high aggregation model was constructed for the first time, and in vivo real-time positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of rhACE2 in the mouse model was performed using an ACE2-specific agent 68 Ga-HZ20. This radiotracer exhibits reliable radiochemical properties in vitro and maintains a high affinity for rhACE2 in vivo. In terms of probe uptake, 68 Ga-HZ20 showed a good target-to-nontarget ratio and was rapidly cleared from the circulatory system and excreted by the kidneys and urinary system. PET imaging with this radiotracer can noninvasively and accurately monitor the content and distribution of rhACE2 in the body, which clarifies that rhACE2 can aggregate in multiple organs, suggesting the preventive and therapeutic potential of rhACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chuangui Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chengxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- International Cancer Center, Department of medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Youping Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Park J, Park MY, Kim Y, Jun Y, Lee U, Oh CM. Apelin as a new therapeutic target for COVID-19 treatment. QJM 2023; 116:197-204. [PMID: 36200913 PMCID: PMC9619586 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous neuropeptide that binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor (APJ) and participates in a variety of physiological processes in the heart, lungs and other peripheral organs. Intriguingly, [Pyr1]-Apelin-13, a highly potent pyroglutamic form of apelin, has the potential to bind to and be degraded by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is known to operate as a viral receptor in the early stages of severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. AIM This study aimed to determine if apelin protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting ACE2 binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. DESIGN AND METHODS To determine whether [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 inhibits ACE2 binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein), we performed a cell-to-cell fusion assay using ACE2-expressing cells and S protein-expressing cells and a pseudovirus-based inhibition assay. We then analyzed publicly available transcriptome data while focusing on the beneficial effects of apelin on the lungs. RESULTS We found that [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 inhibits cell-to-cell fusion mediated by ACE2 binding to the S protein. In this experiment, [Pyr1]-Apelin-13 protected human bronchial epithelial cells, infected with pseudo-typed lentivirus-producing S protein, against viral infection. In the presence of [Pyr1]-Apelin-13, the level of viral spike protein expression was also reduced in a concentration-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis revealed that apelin may control inflammatory responses to viral infection by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway. CONCLUSION Apelin is a potential therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- From the Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - M -Y Park
- From the Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y Kim
- From the Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Y Jun
- Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - U Lee
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C -M Oh
- Address correspondence to C.-M. Oh, Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea.
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Bru S, González-Marrón A, Lidón-Moyano C, Carballar R, Martínez-Láinez JM, Pérez-Martín H, Fu M, Pérez-Ortuño R, Ballbè M, Pascual JA, Fernández E, Clotet J, Martínez-Sánchez JM. Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114443. [PMID: 36195157 PMCID: PMC9527194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of the SARS-CoV-2. There is contradictory evidence on how the exposure to nicotine may module the concentration of soluble ACE2 (sACE2). The aim of this study was to assess the association between nicotine and sACE2 concentrations in saliva samples. METHODS Pooled analysis performed with data retrieved from two studies (n = 634 and n = 302). Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of sACE2, both total and relative to the total amount of protein in the sample, were compared according to sociodemographic variables and variables associated to nicotine. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to explore the associations of sACE2 with nicotine adjusting for sex, age and body mass index. Spearman's rank-correlation coefficients were estimated between the concentrations of nicotine and cotinine, and pack-years, the concentration of relative sACE2 and the isoforms of sACE2. RESULTS We observed a significant increase of 0.108‰ and 0.087 ng/μl in the relative and absolute salivary sACE2 GM concentrations, respectively, between the lowest and highest nicotine levels. Similar results were observed for cotinine. These associations did not change in the multivariable linear models. There was a low correlation of nicotine and cotinine concentration with the concentration of relative salivary sACE2 (rs = 0.153 and rs = 0.132, respectively), pack-years (rs = 0.222 and rs = 0.235, respectively) and with the concentration of isoform 40 KDa (rs = 0.193 and rs = 0.140, respectively). CONCLUSION Salivary nicotine concentration seems to be limitedly associated with the concentration of sACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bru
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrián González-Marrón
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lidón-Moyano
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Reyes Carballar
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Marc Martínez-Láinez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hipólito Pérez-Martín
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ortuño
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Ballbè
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain; Addictions Unit, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose A Pascual
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Clotet
- Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose M Martínez-Sánchez
- Group of Evaluation of Health Determinants and Health Policies, Department of Basic Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
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Úbeda M, Maza MDC, Delgado P, Horndler L, Abia D, García-Bermejo L, Serrano-Villar S, Calvo C, Bastolla U, Sainz T, Fresno M. Diversity of immune responses in children highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105237. [PMID: 36936972 PMCID: PMC10020361 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children are less susceptible than adults to symptomatic COVID-19 infection, but very few studies addressed their underlying cause. Moreover, very few studies analyzed why children highly exposed to the virus remain uninfected. Methods We analyzed the serum levels of ACE2, angiotensin II, anti-spike and anti-N antibodies, cytokine profiles, and virus neutralization in a cohort of children at high risk of viral exposure, cohabiting with infected close relatives during the lockdown in Spain. Results We analyzed 40 children who were highly exposed to the virus since they lived with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected relatives during the lockdown for several months without taking preventive measures. Of those, 26 reported mild or very mild symptoms. The induced immune response to the virus was analyzed 3 months after the household infection. Surprisingly, only 15 children had IgG anti-S (IgG+) determined by a sensitive method indicative of a past infection. The rest, negative for IgG anti-N or S in various tests, could be further subdivided, according to IgM antibodies, into those having IgM anti-S and IgM anti-N (IgG-IgMhigh) and those having only IgM anti-N (IgG-IgMlow). Interestingly, those two subgroups of children with IgM antibodies have strikingly different patterns of cytokines. The IgMhigh group had significantly higher IFN-α2 and IFN-γ levels as well as IL-10 and GM-CSF than the IgMlow group. In contrast, the IgMlow group had low levels of ACE2 in the serum. Both groups have a weaker but significant capacity to neutralize the virus in the serum than the IgG+ group. Two children were negative in all immunological antibody tests. Conclusions A significant proportion of children highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 did not develop a classical adaptive immune response, defined by the production of IgG, despite being in close contact with infected relatives. A large proportion of those children show immunological signs compatible with innate immune responses (as secretion of natural antibodies and cytokines), and others displayed very low levels of the viral receptor ACE2 that may have protected them from the virus spreading in the body despite high and constant viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Úbeda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Fresno, ; María Úbeda,
| | - María del Carmen Maza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Horndler
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-Bermejo
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Universidad de Alcalá, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Calvo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hospital La Paz, and La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Translational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ugo Bastolla
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Talia Sainz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Hospital La Paz, and La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Translational Research Network of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (RITIP), and CIBERINFEC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel Fresno, ; María Úbeda,
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Khalangot M, Sheichenko N, Gurianov V, Zakharchenko T, Kravchenko V, Tronko M. RAAS inhibitors are associated with a better chance of surviving of inpatients with Covid-19 without a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, compared with similar patients who did not require antihypertensive therapy or were treated with other antihypertensives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1077959. [PMID: 36755914 PMCID: PMC9900734 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1077959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors in combination with COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains unknown. We assessed the risk of death in COVID-19 inpatients based on the presence or absence of DM, arterial hypertension (AH) and the use of RAAS inhibitors or other antihypertensives. METHODS The results of treatment of all adult PCR-confirmed COVID-19 inpatients (n = 1097, women 63.9%) from 02/12/2020 to 07/01/2022 are presented. The presence of DM at the time of admission and the category of antihypertensive drugs during hospital stay were noted. Leaving the hospital due to recovery or death was considered as a treatment outcome. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk of death. Patients with COVID-19 without AH were considered the reference group. RESULTS DM was known in 150 of 1,097 patients with COVID-19 (13.7%). Mortality among DM inpatients was higher: 20.0% vs. 12.4% respectively (p=0.014). Male gender, age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and antihypertensives were independently associated with the risk of dying in patients without DM. In DM group such independent association was confirmed for FPG and treatment of AH. We found a reduction in the risk of death for COVID-19 inpatients without DM, who received RAAS inhibitors compared with the corresponding risk of normotensive inpatients, who did not receive antihypertensives: OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.07-0.72) adjusted for age, gender and FPG. CONCLUSION This result raises a question about the study of RAAS inhibitors effect in patients with Covid-19 without AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Khalangot
- Endocrinology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases, V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
- *Correspondence: Mykola Khalangot,
| | | | - Vitaly Gurianov
- Healthcare Management, Bohomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tamara Zakharchenko
- Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases, V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kravchenko
- Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases, V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykola Tronko
- Endocrinology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Epidemiology of Endocrine Diseases, V. P. Komisarenko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Zareei S, Pourmand S, Amanlou M. Design of novel disturbing peptides against ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 spike-binding region by computational approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:996005. [PMID: 36438825 PMCID: PMC9692113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.996005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2, the virus which is responsible for COVID-19 disease, employs its spike protein to recognize its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and subsequently enters the host cell. In this process, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike has an interface with the α1-helix of the peptidase domain (PD) of ACE2. This study focuses on the disruption of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of RBD-ACE2. Among the residues in the template (which was extracted from the ACE2), those with unfavorable energies were selected for substitution by mutagenesis. As a result, a library of 140 peptide candidates was constructed and the binding affinity of each candidate was evaluated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations against the α1-helix of ACE2. Finally, the most potent peptides P23 (GFNNYFPHQSYGFMPTNGVGY), P28 (GFNQYFPHQSYGFPPTNGVGY), and P31 (GFNRYFPHQSYGFCPTNGVGY) were selected and their dynamic behaviors were studied. The results showed peptide inhibitors increased the radius, surface accessible area, and overall mobility of residues of the protein. However, no significant alteration was seen in the key residues in the active site. Meanwhile, they can be proposed as promising agents against COVID-19 by suppressing the viral attachment and curbing the infection at its early stage. The designed peptides showed potency against beta, gamma, delta, and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zareei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Pourmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Long Chain N3-PUFA Decreases ACE2 Protein Levels and Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213825. [PMID: 36430303 PMCID: PMC9695276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a target of interest for both COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease management. Even though lower ACE2 levels may be beneficial in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, maintaining the ACE1/ACE2 balance is also crucial for cardiovascular health. So far, reports describing conditions capable of altering ACE2 protein levels, especially via dietary components, are limited. In this study, the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) on the protein levels of ACE1 and ACE2 in rodent tissues, human endothelial and kidney cell lines, and human plasma were examined. The ability of n3-PUFA to affect the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus into cells was also tested. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and in some cases eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not α-linoleic acid (ALA), reduced both ACE1 and ACE2 (non-glycosylated p100 and glycosylated p130 forms) in the heart, aorta, and kidneys of obese rats, as well as in human EA.hy926 endothelial and HEK293 kidney cells. Dietary supplementation with either DHA or ALA had no effect on plasma soluble ACE2 levels in humans. However, treatment of HEK293 cells with 80 and 125 µM DHA for 16 h inhibited the entry of the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. These results strongly suggest that DHA treatment may reduce the ability of SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells via a mechanism involving a decrease in the absolute level of ACE2 protein as well as its glycosylation. Our findings warrant further evaluation of long-chain n3-PUFA supplements as a novel option for restricting SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in the general population.
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Severe COVID-19 ARDS Treated by Bronchoalveolar Lavage with Diluted Exogenous Pulmonary Surfactant as Salvage Therapy: In Pursuit of the Holy Grail? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133577. [PMID: 35806862 PMCID: PMC9267619 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe pneumonia caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by inflammatory lung injury, progressive parenchymal stiffening and consolidation, alveolar and airway collapse, altered vascular permeability, diffuse alveolar damage, and surfactant deficiency. COVID-19 causes both pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (COVID-19 ARDS). COVID-19 ARDS is characterized by severe refractory hypoxemia and high mortality. Despite extensive research, the treatment of COVID-19 ARDS is far from satisfactory. Some treatments are recommended for exhibiting some clinically positive impacts on COVID-19 patients although there are already several drugs in clinical trials, some of which are already demonstrating promising results in addressing COVID-19. Few studies have demonstrated beneficial effects in non-COVID-19 ARDS treatment of exogenous surfactant, and there is no evidence-based, proven method for the procedure of surfactant administration. Aim: The aim of this work is to underline the key role of ATII cells and reduced surfactant levels in COVID-19 ARDS and to emphasize the rational basis for exogenous surfactant therapy in COVID-19 ARDS, providing insights for future research. Methods: In this article, we describe and support via the literature the decision to administer large volumes of surfactant to two patients via bronchoalveolar lavage to maximize its distribution in the respiratory tract. Results: In this study, we report on two cases of COVID-19 ARDS in patients who have been successfully treated with diluted surfactants by bronchoalveolar lavage, followed by a low-dose bolus of surfactant. Conclusion: Combining the administration of diluted, exogenous pulmonary surfactant via bronchoalveolar lavage along with the standard therapy for SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS may be a promising way of improving the management of ARDS.
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Maza MDC, Úbeda M, Delgado P, Horndler L, Llamas MA, van Santen HM, Alarcón B, Abia D, García-Bermejo L, Serrano-Villar S, Bastolla U, Fresno M. ACE2 Serum Levels as Predictor of Infectability and Outcome in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2022; 13:836516. [PMID: 35401548 PMCID: PMC8986157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.836516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 can generate a broad spectrum of severity and symptoms. Many studies analysed the determinants of severity but not among some types of symptoms. More importantly, very few studies analysed patients highly exposed to the virus that nonetheless remain uninfected. Methods We analysed serum levels of ACE2, Angiotensin II and anti-Spike antibodies in 2 different cohorts at high risk of viral exposure, highly exposed but uninfected subjects, either high risk health care workers or persons cohabiting with infected close relatives and seropositive patients with symptoms. We tested the ability of the sera of these subjects to neutralize lentivirus pseudotyped with the Spike-protein. Results We found that the serum levels of ACE2 are significantly higher in highly exposed but uninfected subjects. Moreover, sera from this seronegative persons can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 infection in cellular assays more strongly that sera from non-exposed negative controls eventhough they do not have anti-CoV-2 IgG antibodies suggesting that high levels of ACE2 in serum may somewhat protect against an active infection without generating a conventional antibody response. Finally, we show that among patients with symptoms, ACE2 levels were significantly higher in infected patients who developed cutaneous as compared with respiratory symptoms and ACE2 was also higher in those with milder symptoms. Conclusions These findings suggest that soluble ACE2 could be used as a potential biomarker to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and to discriminate COVID-19 disease subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen Maza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Úbeda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Delgado
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Horndler
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Llamas
- EMPIREO Diagnóstico Molecular Sociedad Limitada (SL), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hisse M. van Santen
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Balbino Alarcón
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Abia
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura García-Bermejo
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ugo Bastolla
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Sanitario Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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